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▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁in ▁Norway ▁and ▁was ▁initially ▁a ▁sculpt or . ▁He ▁has ▁since ▁become ▁better ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁painter ▁and ▁glass ▁artist . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁P atur sson ▁had ▁an ▁art ▁exhibition ▁at ▁the ▁John ▁F . ▁Kennedy ▁Center ▁for ▁the ▁Perform ing ▁Arts ; ▁it ▁was ▁an ▁installation ▁called ▁" M igration ", ▁featuring ▁approximately ▁ 9 0 ▁of ▁his ▁tra dem ark ▁st ained ▁glass ▁birds ▁in ▁the ▁Grand ▁Fo yer ▁windows ▁throughout ▁Nord ic ▁C ool ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The ▁exhibition ▁was ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Nord ic ▁C ool ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁he ▁joined ▁Tim ▁Sever in ▁in ▁a ▁trans at l antic ▁voyage ▁in ▁a ▁rep lica ▁ 6 th ▁century ▁le ather - h ul led ▁cur rag h ▁named ▁Br end an . ▁The ▁boat ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁Irish ▁mon k ▁Saint ▁Br end an ▁who ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁made ▁the ▁same ▁voyage ▁centuries ▁before ▁the ▁Vik ings ▁and ▁Christopher ▁Columb us . ▁ ▁P atur sson ▁joined ▁Br end on ▁when ▁it ▁arrived ▁in ▁the ▁Far oe ▁Islands ▁and ▁replaced ▁another ▁crew man . ▁P atur sson ' s ▁home ▁was ▁at ▁Br andon vik , ▁the ▁Vik ing ▁name ▁for ▁Br end an ' s ▁Creek . ▁ ▁Hon our ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁Far o ese ▁Cultural ▁Prize ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Tr ó nd ur

▁P atur sson ' s ▁website ▁( English ▁version ) ▁ ▁Category : Dan ish ▁st ained ▁glass ▁artists ▁and ▁manufact ur ers ▁Category : 1 9 4 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : F aro ese ▁pain ters ▁Category : F aro ese ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : F aro ese ▁expl or ers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Kirk jub ø ur <0x0A> </s> ▁Pen ny well ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁UK ' s ▁largest ▁post - war ▁social ▁housing ▁schemes , ▁and ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁the ▁central - west ▁area ▁of ▁S under land , ▁Ty ne ▁and ▁W ear , ▁North ▁East ▁England . ▁Pen ny well ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁local ▁authority ▁housing ▁estate ▁in ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁S under land . ▁The ▁estate ▁mostly ▁built ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁to ▁replace ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁sl ums ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁S under land . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁Pen ny well ▁is ▁of ▁C elt ic ▁origin ▁and ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁mean ▁" well spring ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁hill ". ▁ ▁The ▁Pen ny well ▁estate ▁consists ▁of ▁nearly ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁homes , ▁around ▁ 1 1 % ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 0 , 7 0 9 ▁ ▁This ▁figure ▁is ▁consider ably ▁lower ▁than ▁in ▁previous ▁dec ades , ▁when ▁the ▁Pen ny well

▁area ▁hous ed ▁over ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people . ▁ ▁Pen ny well ▁has ▁tradition ally ▁been ▁associated ▁with ▁high ▁crime ▁rates ▁since ▁the ▁estate ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁Kn ife ▁crime ▁and ▁anti - social ▁behaviour ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁growing ▁problem ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁ ▁The ▁estate ▁was ▁the ▁scene ▁of ▁a ▁murder ▁when ▁ 2 2 - year - old ▁Kevin ▁Johnson ▁was ▁fat ally ▁st ab bed ▁outside ▁his ▁house ▁on ▁Patrick ▁Road ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁hours ▁of ▁ 1 9 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Three ▁te en agers ▁were ▁conv icted ▁of ▁the ▁murder ▁six ▁months ▁later ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁imprison ment . ▁At ▁the ▁trial , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁after ▁st abb ing ▁Kevin ▁Johnson , ▁the ▁three ▁defend ants ▁had ▁gone ▁on ▁to ▁attack ▁another ▁man ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁and ▁also ▁dam aged ▁two ▁cars . ▁Mr ▁Johnson ' s ▁family ▁later ▁had ▁two ▁applications ▁for ▁criminal ▁inj uries ▁compens ation ▁rejected ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁contributed ▁to ▁his ▁own ▁death ▁by ▁leaving ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁his ▁home ▁to ▁confront ▁the ▁te en agers ▁about ▁their ▁no isy ▁behaviour . ▁A ▁third ▁application ▁for ▁compens ation ▁was ▁successful ▁and ▁the ▁Johnson ▁family ▁received ▁£ 5 , 5 0 0 ▁from ▁a ▁scheme ▁which ▁could ▁already ▁pay ▁a ▁maximum ▁of ▁£ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁claim ants . ▁ ▁In ▁April

▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁The ▁Independent ▁newspaper ▁condem ned ▁Pen ny well ▁as ▁a ▁" no ▁go ▁area " ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁worst ▁places ▁in ▁Britain , ▁highlight ing ▁an ▁un emp loyment ▁rate ▁as ▁ 1 9 % ▁( around ▁twice ▁the ▁national ▁average ) ▁and ▁that ▁attacks ▁on ▁police ▁and ▁v andal ism ▁of ▁police ▁vehicles ▁were ▁a ▁frequent ▁occurrence ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁these ▁events , ▁the ▁Gent oo ▁Group ▁are ▁undert aking ▁a ▁massive ▁programme ▁of ▁renew al ▁and ▁reg ener ation ▁for ▁the ▁area ▁which ▁will ▁provide ▁a ▁high ▁standard ▁of ▁modern ▁housing ▁for ▁social ▁housing ▁ten ants ▁and ▁home own ers ▁al ike . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁phases ▁of ▁this ▁plan , ▁at ▁Water ford ▁Green , ▁are ▁near ing ▁completion . ▁ ▁An ▁industrial ▁area ▁on ▁the ▁western ▁edge ▁of ▁the ▁sub urb ▁has , ▁among ▁other ▁business es ▁Cal son ic ' s ▁injection ▁m ould ing ▁plant ▁and ▁the ▁S under land ▁E cho ▁building . ▁ ▁Pen ny well ▁Com pre h ensive ▁School ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁and ▁remained ▁open ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁It ▁was ▁finally ▁demol ished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁replaced ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁facility ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁site ▁– ▁Academy ▁ 3 6 0 . ▁P up ils ▁att ending ▁the ▁compreh ensive ▁school ▁were ▁members ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁four ▁houses ▁- ▁Str at ford ▁( green ), ▁Har well

▁( blue ), ▁Ever est ▁( yellow ) ▁and ▁R unn ym ede ▁( red ). ▁The ▁school ▁bo asted ▁excellent ▁sport ing ▁facilities ▁including ▁several ▁full ▁size ▁football / rug by ▁pitch es , ▁an ▁all - we ather ▁athlet ics ▁track , ▁a ▁fully ▁equ ipped ▁sports ▁hall ▁( in cor por ating ▁five - a - side ▁pitch es , ▁basketball / net ball ▁courts ▁& ▁cr icket ▁n ets ), ▁fully ▁equ ipped ▁ind oor ▁g ymnasium ▁with ▁balance ▁be ams / cl im bing ▁ro pes / tr amp oline ▁har ness es , ▁out door ▁cr icket ▁pitch es , ▁tennis ▁courts ▁and ▁several ▁t arm ac ▁yard ▁areas ▁with ▁basketball ▁courts . ▁Class rooms ▁were ▁pre domin antly ▁located ▁in ▁four ▁five - store y ▁tower ▁blocks ▁( B , ▁C , ▁D ▁& ▁E ▁blocks ) ▁and ▁included ▁science ▁labor ator ies , ▁art ▁stud ios , ▁home ▁econom ics ▁k itch ens ▁and ▁IT ▁su ites . ▁The ▁new ▁school ▁( A cademy ▁ 3 6 0 ) ▁has ▁three ▁houses , ▁Oxford ▁( blue ), ▁M ow b ray ▁( green ), ▁Do x ford ▁( red ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : City ▁of ▁S under land ▁sub ur bs ▁Category : S under land <0x0A> </s> ▁Fe ather ed ▁Din osa urs : ▁The ▁Origin ▁of ▁Bird s ▁is ▁a ▁book ▁by ▁Australian ▁p ala e ont ologist ▁John ▁A . ▁Long ▁and ▁Peter ▁Sch out en ▁connecting ▁fe ather ed

▁din osa urs ▁with ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁birds . ▁It ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁by ▁C SI RO ▁Press ▁( M el bourne ) ▁and ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press . ▁From ▁the ▁ISBN ▁numbers , ▁they ▁appear ▁to ▁be ▁separate ▁print ings . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁previous , ▁different , ▁book ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁title . ▁It ▁is ▁by ▁Thom ▁and ▁Laur ie ▁Hol mes , ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁Ens low ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁. ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁non - f iction ▁books ▁Category : D in osa ur ▁books ▁Category : P ale ont ology ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁Kal ata k ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Kal ā t ak ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Kal ā t ak - e ▁K ū h - e ▁P ā ’ ī n ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Si y ahu ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Fin ▁District , ▁Band ar ▁Abb as ▁County , ▁H orm oz gan ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 7 , ▁in ▁ 4 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Band ar ▁Abb as ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Pi otr ▁Pet rov ich ▁Bel ou so v ▁( ; ▁May ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁– ▁March ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Soviet , ▁Russian ▁painter , ▁graph ic ▁artist ,

▁art ▁teacher , ▁professor ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁Institute ▁of ▁P ain ting , ▁S cul pt ure ▁and ▁Architecture ▁named ▁after ▁I ly a ▁Rep in , ▁People ' s ▁Art ist ▁of ▁USS R , ▁Cor respond ing ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁of ▁the ▁USS R , ▁who ▁lived ▁and ▁worked ▁in ▁L ening rad . ▁He ▁was ▁regarded ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁bright est ▁represent atives ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁school ▁of ▁painting , ▁being ▁most ▁famous ▁for ▁his ▁port ra its ▁and ▁historical ▁paint ings . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Pi otr ▁Pet rov ich ▁Bel ou so v ▁was ▁born ▁May ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁in ▁the ▁port ▁city ▁B erd y ansk , ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁northern ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁Sea ▁of ▁Az ov , ▁of ▁south - east ▁Ukraine , ▁Russian ▁Empire . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁met ▁with ▁Bro d sky ▁and ▁by ▁his ▁inv itation ▁comes ▁to ▁L ening rad ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁study . ▁He ▁engaged ▁in ▁drawing ▁and ▁painting ▁under ▁Bro d sky ▁leadership , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁A K h R s ▁and ▁the ▁Community ▁of ▁Art ists . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁entered ▁the ▁first ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁painting ▁department ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁Institute ▁of ▁P ain ting , ▁S cul pt ure ▁and ▁Architecture . ▁He ▁studied

▁under ▁Mik h ail ▁Bern sh te in , ▁P avel ▁Na um ov , ▁Alexander ▁Lub im ov , ▁and ▁Vladimir ▁Ser ov . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Rep in ▁Institute ▁of ▁Arts ▁in ▁Isa ak ▁Bro d sky ▁work shop ▁together ▁with ▁Ale k se i ▁G rit s ai , ▁Lev ▁O re kh ov , ▁Mik h ail ▁K oz ell , ▁G leb ▁V erner , ▁El ena ▁S ku in , ▁Nikol ai ▁Tim kov , ▁Bor is ▁Sher b akov , ▁and ▁other ▁young ▁artists . ▁His ▁gradu ation ▁work ▁was ▁the ▁historical ▁painting ▁of ▁" On ▁the ▁e ve ▁of ▁[ the ] ▁October ▁Revolution ▁( Me eting ▁of ▁Len in ▁and ▁St alin ) ". ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁Bel ou so v ▁had ▁participated ▁in ▁Art ▁Ex hib itions . ▁He ▁painted ▁genre ▁and ▁historical ▁paint ings , ▁port ra its , ▁land sc apes , ▁worked ▁in ▁eas el ▁painting ▁and ▁draw ings . ▁Most ▁famous ▁for ▁his ▁port ra its ▁and ▁historical ▁paint ings ▁devoted ▁to ▁the ▁image ▁of ▁Len in , ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁B ols he v ism ▁and ▁the ▁October ▁Revolution ▁in ▁Russia . ▁His ▁personal ▁exhib itions ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁V olog da ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁and ▁in ▁Moscow ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 4 0 ,

▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁Union ▁of ▁Art ists . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 9 – 1 9 8 9 , ▁Bel ou so v ▁taught ▁painting ▁and ▁drawing ▁in ▁the ▁Rep in ▁Institute ▁of ▁Arts . ▁He ▁was ▁Professor ▁and ▁Head ▁of ▁Department ▁of ▁Draw ing ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁honor ary ▁titles ▁of ▁the ▁Hon ored ▁Art ist ▁of ▁the ▁R S FS R , ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁- ▁the ▁Honor ary ▁titles ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Art ist ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Federation ▁( 1 9 7 8 ). ▁Also , ▁Bel ou so v ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁the ▁Cor respond ing ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁of ▁the ▁USS R ▁( 1 9 7 9 ). ▁ ▁Pi otr ▁Pet rov ich ▁Bel ou so v ▁died ▁in ▁L ening rad ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁P aint ings ▁by ▁Pi otr ▁Bel ou so v ▁res ide ▁in ▁State ▁Russian ▁Museum , ▁State ▁Tre ty akov ▁Gallery , ▁in ▁Art ▁Museum s ▁and ▁private ▁collections ▁in ▁Russia , ▁Ukraine , ▁England , ▁France , ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁and ▁throughout ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁L ening rad ▁School ▁of ▁P ain ting ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Russian ▁artists ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁ 2 0 th - century ▁Russian ▁pain ters ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁pain

ters ▁of ▁Saint ▁Petersburg ▁Union ▁of ▁Art ists ▁ ▁Saint ▁Petersburg ▁Union ▁of ▁Art ists ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁S . ▁I vens ky . ▁Pi otr ▁Pet rov ich ▁Bel ou so v . ▁– ▁L ening rad : ▁Kh ud oz hn ik ▁R S FS R , ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁– ▁ 4 0 ▁p . ▁ ▁Art ists ▁of ▁the ▁USS R . ▁Biography ▁Dictionary . ▁Volume ▁ 1 . ▁– ▁Moscow : ▁I sk us stvo ▁Edition , ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁– ▁p .   3 4 6 . ▁ ▁Russian ▁P aint ings . ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Winter ▁Show . ▁– ▁London : ▁Roy ▁Mil es ▁Gallery , ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁– ▁p .   5 , 1 6 – 1 7 . ▁ ▁Ch arm es ▁Russ es . ▁Au ction ▁Catalogue . ▁– ▁Paris : ▁Dr ou ot ▁Rich el ieu , ▁ 1 5 ▁Mai ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁– ▁p .   3 8 . ▁ ▁L ' ▁E cole ▁de ▁Saint - P eters burg . ▁Catalogue . ▁– ▁Paris : ▁Dr ou ot ▁Rich el ieu , ▁ 2 5 ▁Jan vier ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁Matthew ▁C . ▁B own . ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Russian ▁and ▁Soviet ▁P ain ters ▁ 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 8 0 s . ▁– ▁London : ▁Iz om ar

▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁, ▁. ▁ ▁Vern ▁G . ▁Sw anson . ▁Soviet ▁Im pression ism . ▁– ▁Wood bridge , ▁England : ▁Ant ique ▁Collect ors ' ▁Club , ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁– ▁p .   8 7 , 2 1 6 , 2 7 4 . ▁, ▁. ▁ ▁Serge i ▁V . ▁Ivan ov . ▁Un known ▁Social ist ▁Real ism . ▁The ▁L ening rad ▁School . ▁– ▁Saint ▁Petersburg : ▁N P - Print ▁Edition , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁– ▁p .   9 , ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 3 5 7 – 3 5 9 , ▁ 3 6 3 – 3 6 5 , ▁ 3 6 9 , ▁ 3 8 2 , ▁ 3 8 4 , ▁ 3 8 6 , ▁ 3 8 8 – 3 9 3 , ▁ 3 9 6 , ▁ 3 9 9 – 4 0 1 , ▁ 4 0 3 – 4 0 5 , ▁ 4 0 7 , ▁ 4 1 1 , ▁ 4 1 3 – 4 1 5 , ▁ 4 1 9 – 4 2 4 , ▁ 4 4 5 . ▁, ▁. ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁B erd y ansk ▁Category : Pe

ople ▁from ▁T aur ida ▁Governor ate ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Russian ▁pain ters ▁Category : Russ ian ▁male ▁pain ters ▁Category : S ov iet ▁pain ters ▁Category : So cial ist ▁real ism ▁Category : So cial ist ▁real ism ▁artists ▁Category : L ening rad ▁School ▁artists ▁Category : Rep in ▁Institute ▁of ▁Arts ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pe ople ' s ▁Art ists ▁of ▁Russia ▁( visual ▁arts ) ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁Union ▁of ▁Art ists ▁Category : H on ored ▁Art ists ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Federation <0x0A> </s> ▁Clay h id on ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁civil ▁parish ▁in ▁Mid ▁Dev on , ▁England . ▁The ▁parish ▁church ▁is ▁St . ▁Andrew s . ▁The ▁parish ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁Black down ▁Hills ▁and ▁its ▁northern ▁and ▁eastern ▁boundaries ▁form ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Dev on ▁– ▁Som erset ▁border . ▁From ▁the ▁south - east ▁it ▁has ▁boundaries ▁with ▁the ▁Dev on ▁par ishes ▁of ▁Up ot tery , ▁Lu pp itt ▁and ▁H emy ock . ▁ ▁Current ▁information ▁about ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁parish , ▁including ▁detailed ▁proceed ings ▁of ▁Clay h id on ▁Par ish ▁Council ▁since ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁on ▁a ▁community ▁website , ▁launched ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁A ▁parish ▁history ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁U ff cul me ▁library ▁and ▁an ▁old ▁map ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁on ▁the ▁Dev on ▁L ibr

aries ▁Local ▁Studies ▁website . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Dev on <0x0A> </s> ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio , ▁also ▁sp elled ▁Bern al do ▁del ▁Car pio , ▁is , ▁since ▁the ▁beg inn ings ▁of ▁modern ▁historical ▁scholar ship , ▁a ▁legend ary ▁hero ▁of ▁the ▁medieval ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Ast ur ias . ▁In ▁contrast ▁with ▁El ▁C id , ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁real ▁person ▁( and ▁thus ▁could ▁be ▁whatever ▁the ▁cre ator ( s ) ▁wanted ▁him ▁to ▁be ). ▁Until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century ▁and ▁the ▁lab ors ▁of ▁Ram ón ▁Men énd ez ▁P idal , ▁he , ▁not ▁El ▁C id , ▁was ▁the ▁chief ▁hero ▁of ▁medieval ▁Christian ▁Spain . ▁He ▁was ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁historical . ▁ ▁The ▁story ▁Supp osed ly ▁the ▁nep hew ▁of ▁Alfonso ▁II ▁of ▁Ast ur ias , ▁stories ▁feature ▁him ▁st riv ing ▁against ▁Alfonso ▁to ▁release ▁his ▁father ▁from ▁prison . ▁ ▁Other ▁stories ▁have ▁him ▁as ▁the ▁rival ▁and ▁sl ayer ▁of ▁Roland ▁at ▁Ron ces v aux . ▁ ▁Bern ardo ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁San cho , ▁the ▁Count ▁of ▁Sal da ña ▁and ▁D ona ▁X im ena ▁( Al f onso ▁II ' s ▁sister , ▁therefore ▁grand son ▁of ▁King ▁F ru ela ▁I ▁of ▁Ast ur ias ). ▁Alfonso ▁was ▁not ▁happy ▁with ▁the ▁marriage , ▁so ▁he ▁had ▁San cho ▁blind

ed ▁and ▁thrown ▁into ▁prison ▁and ▁took ▁Bern ardo . ▁He ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁Alfonso ▁II ' s ▁court . ▁Every body ▁was ▁ordered ▁not ▁to ▁tell ▁the ▁young ▁Bern ardo ▁who ▁his ▁father ▁was . ▁ ▁Alfonso ▁invited ▁Char lemagne ▁into ▁I ber ia ▁to ▁defeat ▁the ▁Mo ors , ▁prom ising ▁to ▁name ▁him ▁as ▁he ir . ▁ ▁Bern ardo ' s ▁victory ▁at ▁Ron ces v aux ▁ended ▁that ▁plan . ▁ ▁But ▁Bern ardo ▁then ▁joined ▁up ▁with ▁the ▁Mo ors , ▁hoping ▁to ▁force ▁Alfonso ▁into ▁action ; ▁but ▁Alfonso ▁secret ly ▁had ▁San cho ▁killed ▁while ▁in ▁prison . ▁ ▁Orig ins ▁The ▁original ▁legend ▁of ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio ▁was ▁s ung ▁by ▁the ▁j ong le urs ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁León . ▁Later , ▁the ▁Cast ilian ▁poet ▁Pero ▁Ferr ús ▁( fl . ▁ 1 3 8 0 ) ▁mentions ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁cant ig as , ▁which ▁comb ines ▁the ▁theme ▁of ▁the ▁good ▁life ▁in ▁Cast ile ▁with ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁lo ores , ▁or ▁ly ric ▁pa e ans , ▁to ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁Greek , ▁Roman , ▁Bib lic al , ▁ch ival ric , ▁and ▁Arab ▁hero es . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 2 4 ▁Bern ardo ▁de ▁Bal bu ena ▁published ▁El ▁Bern ardo , ▁an ▁account ▁of ▁Bern ardo ' s ▁explo its . ▁It ▁is ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁master pie ces ▁of ▁Spanish ▁literature .

▁ ▁In ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁Don ▁Qu ix ote , ▁C erv antes ▁has ▁the ▁protagon ist ▁especially ▁adm iring ▁Bern ardo ▁because ▁he ▁cr ushed ▁Roland ▁with ▁his ▁arms ▁alone , ▁although ▁the ▁context ▁is ▁clear ▁that ▁Qu ix ote ▁is ▁placing ▁too ▁much ▁cred ence ▁in ▁the ▁fant astic ▁stories ▁of ▁rom ance . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bur ton , ▁David . ▁The ▁Leg end ▁of ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio : ▁from ▁Chron icle ▁to ▁D rama . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁As ociación ▁cultural ▁Bern ardo ▁del ▁Car pio ▁ ▁Category : Span ish ▁literature ▁Category : Leg end ary ▁Spanish ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Moh amed ▁El - K aw is ah ▁( born ▁March ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Lib yan ▁jud oka . ▁He ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁ 6 0 ▁kg ▁event , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁by ▁Y eld os ▁S met ov . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Lib yan ▁male ▁jud oka ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁jud oka ▁of ▁Lib ya ▁Category : J ud oka ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁Hotel ▁Pod ▁Or ł em ▁( Under ▁The ▁E agle ) ▁is ▁a ▁historical ▁hotel ▁building ▁on ▁G da ńska ▁Street ▁N ° 1 4 , ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of

▁By dg osz cz . ▁ ▁Location ▁The ▁building ▁stands ▁on ▁the ▁eastern ▁side ▁of ▁G da ńska ▁Street ▁in ▁By dg osz cz , ▁near ▁D wor c owa ▁Street . ▁The ▁hotel ▁has ▁a ▁" U " ▁shape , ▁with ▁irregular ▁and ▁une ven ▁corners . ▁Its ▁foot print ▁is ▁del ine ated ▁by ▁ 2 ▁streets ▁( G d anska ▁and ▁Park owa ) ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁Park ▁Cas imir ▁the ▁Great ▁By dg osz cz ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Pr uss ian ▁period ▁Hot els ▁in ▁this ▁location ▁date ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁when ▁an ▁inn ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁Gl isz czy ński ▁family ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁G da ń sk . ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 2 , ▁a ▁car p enter ▁of ▁the ▁Gl isz czy ń sk is ' ▁built ▁a ▁new ▁building ▁called ▁the ▁Hotel ▁" The ▁E agle " ▁() ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁old ▁one . ▁Hotel ▁" The ▁E agle " ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁hot els ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁sub urb ▁of ▁By dg osz cz , ▁then ▁officially ▁called ▁B rom berg . ▁ ▁Ar ound ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁August ▁Friedrich ▁Bern hardt , ▁a ▁b aker , ▁bought ▁the ▁building ▁and ▁a ▁nearby ▁piece ▁of ▁land . ▁Between ▁ 1 8 7 5 ▁and ▁ 1 8 7 9 , ▁his ▁newly ▁created ▁company ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁his ▁son ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ,

▁who ▁had ▁returned ▁from ▁Switzerland ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁taken ▁hotel ▁and ▁c ater ing ▁courses . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ▁married ▁Louise ▁Müller , ▁daughter ▁of ▁a ▁land l ord ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁Schne ide m ühl , ▁who ▁had ▁a ▁very ▁substantial ▁dow ry . ▁A ▁part ▁of ▁this ▁dow ry ▁was ▁likely ▁inv ested ▁in ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ' s ▁house , ▁located ▁at ▁G d ans ks ▁street ▁ 1 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ▁commission ed ▁a ▁B rom berg - born ▁architect , ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki , ▁to ▁realize ▁his ▁new ▁hotel ▁project . ▁This ▁building ▁was ▁to ▁stretch ▁under ▁a ▁huge ▁sculpt ure ▁of ▁an ▁e agle ▁with ▁spread ▁wings . ▁Ś wię c icki ' s ▁design ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁similar ▁projects ▁from ▁Berlin ▁and ▁Mun ich . ▁As ▁a ▁signature , ▁Ś wię c icki ▁hid ▁his ▁self - port rait ▁among ▁the ▁row ▁of ▁alleg or ical ▁heads ▁ad or ning ▁the ▁fa ç ade . ▁The ▁property ▁was ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁and ▁ 1 8 9 6 . ▁When ▁completed , ▁the ▁building ▁became ▁the ▁largest ▁and ▁most ▁modern ▁hotel ▁in ▁B rom berg , ▁with ▁an ▁extens ively ▁detailed ▁fa ç ade ▁and ▁interior ▁decor ation . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁hotel ' s ▁bas ement , ▁the ▁restaurant ▁was ▁ad orn ed ▁with ▁v ault s ▁supported ▁by

▁columns , ▁pan elling , ▁and ▁wall ▁paint ings ▁model led ▁after ▁the ▁latest ▁Mun ich ▁f ash ions , ▁with ▁nich es ▁for ▁se ating . ▁From ▁the ▁beginning , ▁the ▁building ▁has ▁been ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁electric ▁light ing , ▁steam ▁he ating , ▁and ▁a ▁hyd ra ul ic ▁lift . ▁The ▁facility ▁combined ▁the ▁functions ▁of ▁a ▁resident ial ▁area ▁( with ▁ 3 ▁six - rooms ▁a partment ▁of ▁a ▁high ▁standard ), ▁a ▁hotel , ▁and ▁a ▁commercial ▁space ▁( with ▁restaur ants ▁and ▁sh ops ). ▁Communic ation ▁between ▁the ▁different ▁areas ▁was ▁provided ▁by ▁ 4 ▁network ▁of ▁st air cases ▁and ▁cor rid ors . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 9 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁le ased ▁to ▁the ▁Berlin ▁business man ▁Rudolf ▁Tr ill h ose . ▁ ▁Inter war ▁period ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁B rom berg ▁rejo ined ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Polish ▁Republic ▁and ▁renamed ▁By dg osz cz , ▁and ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁Polish ▁land l ord ▁and ▁tr ades man ▁Stefan ▁Maj ew icz ▁for ▁the ▁then - astr onom ical ▁sum ▁of ▁ 1 . 2 5 ▁million De utsch e ▁Mark . ▁During ▁the ▁inter war ▁period , ▁a ▁modern ization ▁of ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁carried ▁out ; ▁it ▁compr ised ▁installing ▁new ▁elev ators , ▁changing ▁the ▁dé cor ▁in ▁the ▁guest ▁rooms , ▁and ▁re building ▁the ▁d ining ▁room ▁by ▁adding ▁a ▁me zz an ine ,

▁new ▁pan elling ▁and ▁changing ▁equip ments . ▁This ▁renov ation ▁work ▁was ▁achieved ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁By dg osz cz ▁architect ▁The oph ilus ▁B ier n ack i . ▁In ▁those ▁years , ▁balls , ▁reception s , ▁concert s , ▁chamber ▁music ▁and ▁other ▁entertain ment ▁were ▁performed ▁in ▁two ▁different ▁h alls ; ▁" Columns " ▁and ▁" R asp berry ." ▁" Column " ▁Hall ▁was ▁famous ▁for ▁its ▁daily ▁concert s ▁of ▁popular ▁music , ▁played ▁by ▁the ▁By dg osz cz ▁or chestra , ▁and ▁the ▁restaurant ▁" Pod ▁Or ł em " ▁() ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁design , ▁me als ▁and ▁drink s . ▁It ▁was ▁here ▁that ▁ban qu ets ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁Marsh al ▁Pi ł s ud ski , ▁President ▁Woj cie ch owski ▁and ▁General ▁Hall er ▁were ▁given . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁social ▁el ite ▁met ▁at ▁its ▁" Cl ub ▁of ▁the ▁angular ▁Table " ▁( ), ▁among ▁them ▁Adam ▁Gr zyma ła - S ied le cki , ▁Kon rad ▁F ied ler , ▁Jan ▁P iech ock i , ▁Marian ▁Tur wid , ▁Henry ▁K um inek , ▁Stanisław ▁Le ś n iew ski . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁During ▁the ▁Naz i ▁occupation , ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁taken ▁by ▁the ▁Naz is ▁and ▁renamed ▁" D anz inger ▁Hoff "; ▁Er ich ▁Bl umm ▁became ▁its ▁director .

▁From ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁the ▁south - west ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁re built ▁so ▁as ▁to ▁w iden ▁the ▁G d anska ▁street . ▁ ▁Commun ist ▁Poland ' s ▁era ▁After ▁the ▁invasion ▁of ▁By dg osz cz ▁by ▁Soviet ▁troops , ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁returned ▁to ▁its ▁former ▁own ers , ▁who ▁res umed ▁the ▁hotel ▁business ▁as ▁a ▁partners hip ▁under ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁Stanis law ▁Lip ow icz . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁" n ational ized " ▁and ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁" So ci ety ▁of ▁Work ers ' ▁Univers ities ". ▁A ▁few ▁more ▁modifications ▁were ▁performed ▁to ▁the ▁ed ifice , ▁in ▁particular ▁to ▁the ▁att ics . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁the ▁Polish ▁state ▁travel ▁ag ency ▁" Or bis " ▁took ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁" Pod ▁Or ł em " ▁hotel . ▁The ▁times ▁when ▁Or bis ▁was ▁man aging ▁the ▁hotel ▁were ▁tre as ured ▁in ▁the ▁memory ▁of ▁the ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁By dg osz cz . ▁Ref ined ▁cu is ine ▁was ▁pra ised , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁prominent ▁guests ▁visited ▁the ▁hotel , ▁such ▁as ▁Arthur ▁Rub in stein ▁and ▁Kr z ysz to f ▁P end ere cki ), ▁and ▁the ▁hotel ▁was ▁a ▁substitute ▁for ▁international ▁contacts ▁in ▁the ▁times ▁when ▁Poland ▁was ▁cut ▁off ▁from ▁the ▁western ▁world . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 7 4 ,

▁the ▁property ▁is ▁registered ▁on ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁Polish ▁her itage ▁monuments . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁a ▁major ▁over ha ul ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁carried ▁out , ▁awarded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁by ▁the ▁Minister ▁of ▁Culture ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁restored ▁building . ▁ ▁Modern ▁period ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁he irs ▁from ▁the ▁Maj ew icz ▁and ▁Kos icki ▁families ▁claimed ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁hotel ; ▁as ▁a ▁comprom ise , ▁a ▁limited ▁li ability ▁company ▁(" M aj ew icz ▁Hotel ▁Enter prise ") ▁was ▁created ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁with ▁various ▁individuals ▁holding ▁ 5 1 % ▁share , ▁including ▁the ▁he irs ▁of ▁the ▁pre - war ▁own ers , ▁and ▁Or bis ▁holding ▁the ▁remaining ▁ 4 9 %. ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁ranked ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁ 2 0 ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁business ▁friendly ▁hot els ▁in ▁Poland ▁( ran king ▁developed ▁by ▁the ▁Business ▁Magazine ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ; ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁hot els ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁selected ▁ 2 0 ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁business - friend ly ). ▁ ▁Architecture ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁has ▁ 5 ▁stories ▁and ▁a ▁bas ement . ▁Its ▁overall ▁shape ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁main ▁body ▁and ▁two ▁wings ; ▁the ▁North ▁and ▁South . ▁The ▁ed ifice ▁has ▁been ▁ere cted ▁in ▁E c

lect ism ▁style , ▁with ▁Ne ob aro que ▁references ▁to ▁Rome ' s ▁Bar o que ▁forms . ▁Among ▁the ▁numerous ▁elements ▁that ▁ad orn ▁the ▁front , ▁the ▁large - size ▁sculpt ure ▁of ▁the ▁e agle ▁with ▁out st retch ed ▁wings ▁which ▁to ps ▁the ▁fa ç ade ▁is ▁the ▁hotel ▁symbol . ▁The ▁" Pod ▁Or ł em " ' s ▁fa ç ade ▁has ▁ 1 4 ▁windows ▁on ▁each ▁floor . ▁The ▁main ▁architect ural ▁horizontal ▁elements ▁are ▁b oss ages , ▁fr ie zes , ▁corn ices ▁and ▁bal con ies . ▁These ▁elements ▁are ▁bal anced ▁vert ically ▁by ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁decor ative ▁sculpt ures ▁and ▁columns ▁that ▁run ▁through ▁the ▁entire ▁height ▁of ▁the ▁fa ç ade , ▁along ▁the ▁axis ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁entrance . ▁At ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁floor ▁is ▁a ▁log gia ▁with ▁at l antes ▁on ▁the ▁sides ▁to pped ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁floor ▁by ▁two ▁e agle ▁figures . ▁The ▁third ▁floor ▁windows ▁are ▁crown ed ▁with ▁l int els ▁ad orn ed ▁with ▁a ▁representation ▁of ▁a ▁woman ' s ▁head ▁on ▁a ▁solar ▁background . ▁On ▁the ▁south - western ▁corner , ▁large ▁at l antes ' ▁herm s ▁stand ▁at ▁ground ▁level . ▁ ▁The ▁hotel ▁inter iors ▁feature ▁many ▁Art ▁N ouve au ▁references ; ▁in ▁the ▁lo bb y , ▁the ▁st air case ▁with ▁gold - color ed ▁st ained ▁glass , ▁the ▁door ▁handles ▁and ▁the ▁for ged

▁hand rails ▁have ▁an ▁inter war ▁appearance . ▁ ▁" Pod ▁Or ł em " ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁four - star ▁hotel ▁category . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁had ▁a ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 3 9 ▁single ▁rooms , ▁ 3 2 ▁double ▁rooms ▁and ▁ 4 ▁lux ury ▁apart ments . ▁It ▁compr ises ▁a ▁restaurant , ▁" Column ", ▁and ▁ 5 ▁mult if unction ▁rooms ▁where ▁can ▁be ▁organized ▁ban qu ets , ▁balls , ▁con ferences ▁and ▁business ▁meet ings . ▁The ▁largest ▁rooms ▁are ▁the ▁Mal in owa ▁(" R asp berry "), ▁Business ▁Center , ▁and ▁Rot aria ńska . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁area , ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki ▁also ▁created ▁many ▁other ▁buildings , ▁such ▁as : ▁ ▁O sk ar ▁E wald ▁Ten ement ▁at ▁G d anska ▁st . 3 0 ; ▁ ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki ▁ten ement ▁at ▁G d anska ▁st . 6 3 ; ▁ ▁Ten ement ▁at ▁G d anska ▁st . ▁ 8 6 ; ▁ ▁Ten ement ▁at ▁Fre edom ▁Square ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁has ▁been ▁registered ▁on ▁the ▁P omer an ian ▁Heritage ▁List ▁( N ° 6 0 1 2 9 5 - reg . 9 0 / A ) ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Dist ingu ished ▁guests ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁By dg osz cz ▁ ▁G d anska ▁Street ▁in ▁By

dg osz cz ▁ ▁D wor c owa ▁Street ▁in ▁By dg osz cz ▁ ▁Emil ▁Bern hardt ▁ten ement ▁in ▁By dg osz cz ▁▁ ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁Br ę cz ew ska - K ules za ▁D aria , ▁Der kow ska - K ost kow ska ▁Bog na , ▁Wy sock a ▁A .: ▁U lica ▁G da ńska , ▁Prz ew od nik ▁history cz ny , ▁By dg osz cz ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁▁ ▁J astr z eb ska - P uz ow ska ▁I w ona : ▁Hotel ▁„ Pod ▁Or ł em ", ▁K ron ika ▁By dg os ka ▁XIV ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁By dg osz cz ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁▁ ▁Par uck a ▁K ry st yna : ▁Z ab yt ki ▁By dg osz czy ▁– ▁min ik atalog , ▁„ T ifen " ▁K ry st yna ▁Par uck a , ▁By dg osz cz ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Web ▁site ▁of ▁Hotel ▁Pod ▁Or ł em ▁▁ ▁By dg osz cz ▁newspaper ' s ▁article ▁about ▁Hotel ▁Pod ▁Or ł em ▁ ▁Category : C ult ural ▁her itage ▁monuments ▁in ▁By dg osz cz ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁on ▁G da ńska ▁Street , ▁By dg osz cz ▁Category : Build ings ▁by ▁Jó zef ▁Ś wię c icki ▁Category : Hot el ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in

▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁Category : Hot els ▁in ▁By dg osz cz <0x0A> </s> ▁Events ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 8 4 6 ▁in ▁Norway . ▁ ▁Inc umb ents ▁Mon arch : ▁Oscar ▁I ▁ ▁Events ▁ ▁Arts ▁and ▁literature ▁ ▁B irth s ▁ 2 2 ▁February ▁– ▁P eder ▁N ils en , ▁politician ▁and ▁Minister ▁( d . 1 9 2 1 ) ▁ 4 ▁August ▁– ▁Ste phan ▁S inding , ▁sculpt or ▁( d . 1 9 2 2 ) ▁ 5 ▁August ▁– ▁Al v ilde ▁P ry dz , ▁Norwegian ▁novel ist ▁( d . 1 9 2 2 ▁in ▁Norway ) ▁ 2 2 ▁August ▁– ▁Am al ie ▁Sk ram , ▁author ▁and ▁femin ist ▁( d . 1 9 0 5 ) ▁ 3 0 ▁September ▁– ▁Oscar ▁Am bro si us ▁Cast berg , ▁painter ▁and ▁sculpt or ▁( d . 1 9 1 7 ) ▁ 2 2 ▁October ▁– ▁Anders ▁Anders en , ▁politician ▁( d . 1 9 3 1 ) ▁ 1 0 ▁December ▁– ▁Greg ers ▁Win ther ▁W ul fs berg ▁Gram , ▁jur ist ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . 1 9 2 9 ) ▁ 1 5 ▁December ▁– ▁K ittel ▁Hal v ors on , ▁a ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁from ▁Minnesota ▁( d . 1 9 3 6 ) ▁ ▁Full ▁date ▁unknown ▁Hans ▁Kon rad ▁Fo os n æ s , ▁politician ▁and ▁Minister ▁( d .

1 9 1 7 ) ▁Ax el ▁Otto ▁Krist ian ▁H agem ann , ▁politician ▁ ▁Death s ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁– ▁Christ en ▁S med , ▁black sm ith ▁and ▁mount aine er ▁( b . 1 7 9 7 ) ▁ ▁See ▁also <0x0A> </s> ▁Fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁is ▁a ▁formal ▁term ▁den oting ▁members ▁of ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁non - cler gy ▁profession als ▁who ▁are ▁committed ▁to ▁prepar ing ▁and ▁deliver ing ▁high ▁quality ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies , ▁which ▁are ▁not ▁closely ▁linked ▁to ▁any ▁religion ▁or ▁to ▁belief ▁in ▁an ▁after - life . ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁is ▁analog ous ▁in ▁Western ▁countries ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁civil ▁celebr ants ▁( for ▁mar ri ages ). ▁ ▁It ▁began ▁in ▁Australia ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁On ▁ 1 9 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁the ▁Australian ▁att orney - general ▁Lion el ▁Mur phy ▁had ▁appointed ▁civil ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁with ▁the ▁aim ▁of ▁creating ▁cer emon ies ▁of ▁subst ance ▁and ▁meaning ▁for ▁non - ch urch ▁people . ▁As ▁sec ular ▁( c ivil ) ▁marriage ▁cer emon ies ▁became ▁accepted , ▁first ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁other ▁Western ▁countries , ▁it ▁was ▁in ev itable ▁that ▁a ▁similar ▁philosoph ical ▁parad ig m ▁would ▁be ▁applied ▁to ▁sec ular ▁fun er als . ▁ ▁Though ▁initi ated ▁in ▁Australia ▁the ▁program ▁and ▁the ▁process ▁has ▁been ▁followed ▁and ▁is ▁now ▁established ▁in ▁New

▁Zealand , ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁of ▁America . ▁ ▁Des cript ive ▁definition ▁A ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁is ▁an ▁individual ▁person , ▁quite ▁often , ▁but ▁not ▁necessarily , ▁an ▁author ised ▁civil ▁marriage ▁celebr ant , ▁who ▁offers ▁to ▁perform ▁civil ▁fun er als ▁in ▁a ▁dign ified ▁and ▁cult ur ally ▁acceptable ▁manner , ▁for ▁those ▁who , ▁for ▁whatever ▁reason , ▁do ▁not ▁choose ▁a ▁religious ▁ceremony . ▁Civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁also ▁serve ▁people ▁who ▁have ▁religious ▁belief s ▁but ▁do ▁not ▁wish ▁to ▁be ▁buried ▁or ▁cre m ated ▁from ▁a ▁church , ▁temple ▁or ▁mos que . ▁More ▁frequently , ▁people ▁choose ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁because ▁they ▁wish ▁a ▁professional ▁person ▁to ▁co - create ▁a ▁service ▁cent red ▁on ▁the ▁person , ▁their ▁history ▁and ▁their ▁achiev ements . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁often ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁established ▁set - rit ual ▁cer emon ies ▁of ▁most ▁relig ions . ▁In ▁celebr ant ▁cer emon ies ▁dec isions ▁about ▁the ▁content ▁of ▁the ▁ceremony ▁are ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁the ▁dece ased ▁in ▁consult ation ▁with ▁the ▁celebr ant . ▁Therefore , ▁the ▁civil ▁celebr ant ▁can ▁be ▁defined ▁as ▁a ▁profession ally ▁trained ▁ceremony - provider ▁who ▁works ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁wishes ▁of ▁the ▁client . ▁Depending ▁on ▁circumstances , ▁best ▁practice ▁is ▁usually ▁for ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁to ▁interview ▁the ▁family , ▁carefully ▁prepare ▁and ▁check ▁the ▁e ul

ogy , ▁brief ▁those ▁persons ▁chosen ▁to ▁give ▁rem in isc ences , ▁and ▁finally ▁to ▁provide ▁resources ▁and ▁suggestions ▁that ▁will ▁assist ▁the ▁client ▁family ▁to ▁choose ▁the ▁most ▁appropriate ▁music , ▁video / photo ▁present ations , ▁quot ations ▁( po etry ▁and ▁pro se ), ▁symbols ▁and ▁movement ▁or ▁ch ore ography . ▁Sometimes ▁a ▁re he ars al ▁is ▁indicated ▁for ▁a ▁fun eral . ▁More ▁often ▁a ▁planning ▁session ▁is ▁sufficient ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁the ▁ceremony ▁that ▁is ▁delivered ▁is ▁the ▁one ▁that ▁is ▁planned . ▁In ▁this ▁task ▁the ▁fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁works ▁in ▁co operation ▁with ▁a ▁fun eral ▁director . ▁ ▁Thus ▁the ▁celebr ant ▁is ▁usually ▁the ▁central ▁person ▁who ▁del ivers ▁the ▁ceremony . ▁He ▁or ▁she ▁is ▁the ▁facil it ator , ▁the ▁advis er , ▁the ▁resource ▁person , ▁the ▁co - cre ator ▁of ▁the ▁ceremony , ▁and ▁the ▁director . ▁ ▁A ▁celebr ant , ▁by ▁this ▁definition , ▁does ▁not ▁come ▁from ▁the ▁stand point ▁of ▁any ▁do ctr inal ▁belief ▁or ▁un bel ief . ▁A ▁trained ▁celebr ant ▁usually ▁oper ates ▁profession ally ▁on ▁the ▁principle ▁that ▁their ▁own ▁belief s ▁and ▁values ▁are ▁not ▁relevant . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁civil ▁celebr ant ▁fun eral ▁- ▁Helen ▁Francis ▁An ▁acknowled ged ▁pione er ▁of ▁civil ▁C ele b ran cy , ▁D ally ▁M essen ger ▁III ▁claims ▁to ▁have ▁offici ated ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁ceremony . ▁This ▁was ▁in ▁the

▁sense ▁that ▁the ▁client ▁sought ▁a ▁service ▁from ▁M essen ger , ▁as ▁a ▁government ▁appointed ▁civil ▁celebr ant , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁professional ▁ceremony ▁provider . ▁There ▁had ▁occasionally ▁been ▁sec ular ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁before ▁this ▁date , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁extremely ▁rare ▁and ▁inform al , ▁e . g . ▁some ▁words ▁spoken ▁at ▁the ▁gra ves ide ▁by ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁party . ▁In ▁general , ▁fun er als ▁were ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁the ▁cler gy ▁- ▁even ▁for ▁un bel ie vers . ▁For ▁example , ▁many ▁fun er als ▁for ▁non - bel ie vers ▁were ▁performed ▁by ▁the ▁Salv ation ▁army . ▁▁ ▁D ally ▁M essen ger ▁III ▁records ▁that ▁this ▁first ▁celebr ant ▁fun eral ▁was ▁for ▁Helen ▁Francis ▁( née ▁Gr ieves ) ▁on ▁ 2 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁at ▁the ▁Le ▁P ine ▁Fun eral ▁Par l our ▁in ▁Fer nt ree ▁Gul ly , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Melbourne ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Victoria . ▁Helen ▁Francis ▁was ▁a ▁young ▁woman ▁who ▁had ▁engaged ▁M essen ger ▁as ▁a ▁celebr ant ▁for ▁her ▁wed ding ▁to ▁Roy ▁Francis ▁some ▁four ▁weeks ▁previously . ▁Roy ▁Francis ▁convinced ▁M essen ger ▁that ▁just ▁as ▁his ▁wife ▁was ▁entitled ▁to ▁a ▁civil ▁celebr ant ▁marriage , ▁she ▁was ▁similarly ▁entitled ▁to ▁a ▁civil ▁celebr ant ▁fun eral . ▁Some ▁ 2 0 0 ▁people ▁attended ▁and ▁many ▁ur ged ▁M essen ger ▁to ▁continue

▁the ▁work ▁as ▁" m uch ▁more ▁important ▁than ▁wed d ings ." ▁M essen ger ▁cred its ▁Dennis ▁Perry , ▁then ▁brother ▁in ▁law ▁of ▁Helen ▁Francis , ▁of ▁being ▁a ▁decis ive ▁influence . ▁ ▁The ▁inaug ural ▁association ▁of ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁ ▁Support ▁of ▁the ▁fun eral ▁industry ▁and ▁the ▁cler gy ▁From ▁this ▁time ▁on ▁some ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁began ▁to ▁quietly ▁and ▁carefully ▁offici ate ▁at ▁fun er als ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁asked ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁On ▁T ues day ▁ 3 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁a ▁group , ▁consisting ▁of ▁some ▁author ised ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁and ▁some ▁other ▁persons ▁formed ▁an ▁association ▁- ▁The ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁Association ▁of ▁Australia . ▁D ally ▁M essen ger ▁III ▁was ▁elected ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁president . ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁and ▁cler gy ▁attended ▁as ▁support ive ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Association . ▁For ▁them ▁it ▁solved ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁appropriate ▁ceremony ▁prov iders ▁for ▁the ▁increasing ▁number ▁families ▁for ▁whom ▁a ▁religious ▁ceremony ▁was ▁no ▁longer ▁an ▁authentic ▁option . ▁For ▁many ▁years ▁this ▁had ▁been ▁an ▁un com fort able ▁problem ▁for ▁which ▁there ▁had ▁been ▁no ▁good ▁solution . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁among ▁celebr ants ▁These ▁innov ations ▁soon ▁produced ▁a ▁bitter ▁controvers y . ▁In ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁death ▁and ▁fun er als ▁were ▁almost ▁tab oo ▁subjects , ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁were ▁vis cer ally ▁opposed ▁to ▁being ▁associated ▁with ▁fun

er als . ▁Most , ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁public ▁servants ▁of ▁the ▁Commonwealth ’ s ▁Att orney - General ’ s ▁Department , ▁viewed ▁the ▁situation ▁of ▁ ▁civil ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁also ▁being ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁as ▁" using ▁their ▁appointment ▁as ▁civil ▁marriage ▁celebr ants , ▁to ▁commer cially ▁explo it ▁vulner able ▁people ▁in ▁their ▁time ▁of ▁gr ief ". ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁those ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁who ▁had ▁attended ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁meeting ▁then ▁with d rew ▁their ▁support . ▁The ▁few ▁" mar riage ▁celebr ant ▁associations " ▁declared ▁their ▁opposition ▁to ▁fun er als . ▁However , ▁Lion el ▁Mur phy , ▁then ▁a ▁judge ▁of ▁the ▁High ▁Court ▁of ▁Australia , ▁encourag ed ▁M essen ger ▁to ▁go ▁out ▁into ▁the ▁" high ways ▁and ▁by ways " ▁and ▁find ▁non - mar riage ▁celebr ants ▁to ▁ful fil ▁the ▁soci etal ▁need . ▁▁ ▁Mur phy ▁ur ged ▁M essen ger ▁and ▁his ▁colle agues ▁to ▁prepare ▁each ▁ceremony ▁well , ▁to ▁charge ▁a ▁reasonable ▁fee ▁to ▁ensure ▁long ▁term ▁sust ain ability , ▁and ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁civil ▁ceremony ▁as ▁a ▁cultural ▁bridge ▁between ▁ordinary ▁people ▁and ▁the ▁rich ▁world ▁of ▁the ▁visual ▁and ▁performing ▁arts ▁- ▁especially ▁music , ▁English ▁literature , ▁and ▁poetry . ▁ ▁The ▁pione er ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁The ▁few ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁of ▁that ▁time ▁( 1 9 7 5 - 1 9 7 6 ) ▁involved ▁- ▁not ably ▁D ally ▁M essen ger

▁III ▁and ▁Mar jor ie ▁M essen ger ▁- ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁years ▁and ▁months ▁following ▁( to ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁joined ▁by ▁non - mar riage ▁celebr ants , ▁Brian ▁Mc In er ney , ▁D iane ▁Store y , ▁Da wn ▁Dick son , ▁Jean ▁N ug ent , ▁Ken ▁Wood burn ▁and ▁Jan ▁Tul ly . ▁A ▁decis ive ▁influence ▁later ▁was ▁marriage ▁celebr ant , ▁mayor ▁of ▁Cro yd on , ▁and ▁public ▁advoc ate ▁Rick ▁Bar cl ay . ▁M essen ger ▁cred its ▁these ▁persons ▁with ▁establish ing ▁the ▁profession ▁in ▁Melbourne , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁throughout ▁the ▁western ▁world . ▁ ▁Setting ▁standards ▁and ▁prices ▁ ▁Stand ards ▁As ▁with ▁marriage ▁celebr ants , ▁public ▁accept ance ▁of ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁was ▁enthus i astic ▁and ▁rapid . ▁The ▁early ▁celebr ants ▁reported ▁the ▁commonly ▁expressed ▁need ▁of ▁non - ch urch ▁people ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁fun eral ▁that ▁was ▁personal ▁in ▁nature , ▁with ▁a ▁minimum ▁of ▁plat itudes , ▁and ▁also ▁a ▁personal ▁e ul ogy ▁that ▁was ▁well ▁prepared , ▁and ▁substantial ▁in ▁its ▁coverage ▁of ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁the ▁person ▁who ▁had ▁died . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁strong ▁ant ip ath y ▁to ▁mistakes ▁which ▁people ▁had ▁experienced ▁in ▁fun eral ▁services , ▁such ▁as ▁fact ual ▁errors : ▁the ▁dece ased ▁being ▁called ▁by ▁the ▁wrong ▁name , ▁or ▁a ▁mis pr on ounced ▁name , ▁as ▁was ▁characteristic ▁of ▁many ▁under - prep ared ▁and ▁rit ual

istic ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁provided ▁by ▁the ▁churches . ▁The ▁public ▁also ▁required ▁that ▁music , ▁quot ations ▁and ▁individual ▁t ributes ▁be ▁appropriate ▁to ▁the ▁dece ased ▁person . ▁( C ler gy ▁were ▁then ▁induced ▁to ▁comp ete ▁with ▁these ▁standards ▁and ▁were ▁thus ▁led ▁to ▁provide ▁more ▁personal ised ▁cer emon ies .) ▁ ▁The ▁problem ▁of ▁fe es ▁The ▁new ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁needed ▁to ▁establish ▁working ▁relationships ▁with ▁the ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors , ▁whose ▁role ▁was ▁to ▁collect , ▁prepare , ▁and ▁store ▁the ▁bodies ▁of ▁the ▁dece ased . ▁Fun eral ▁direct ors ▁were ▁then ▁( 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ) ▁mostly ▁smaller ▁ ▁family ▁owned ▁fir ms . ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁John ▁and ▁Rob ▁All ison ▁of ▁John ▁All ison ▁Mon k house ▁( M el bourne , ▁Victoria ) ▁were ▁particularly ▁support ive ▁of ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants . ▁So ▁was ▁the ▁active ▁ideal ist ▁Des ▁Tob in , ▁General ▁Manager ▁of ▁Tob in ▁Brothers ▁Fun eral ▁Par l ours ▁of ▁Melbourne . ▁The ▁fee ▁that ▁fun eral ▁direct ors ▁had ▁custom arily ▁paid ▁to ▁the ▁cler gy ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁fee ▁for ▁service ▁but ▁merely ▁an ▁" of fer ing ", ▁since ▁the ▁general ▁pres umption ▁was ▁that ▁the ▁client ▁was ▁a ▁church go er , ▁who ▁had ▁don ated ▁to ▁the ▁up keep ▁of ▁the ▁cler gy ▁all ▁his ▁or ▁her ▁life . ▁ ▁Fun eral

▁C ele br ants ▁argued ▁that ▁those ▁who ▁required ▁a ▁personally ▁prepared ▁service , ▁which ▁required ▁many ▁extra ▁hours ▁of ▁prepar ation , ▁should ▁pay ▁more . ▁Rob ▁All ison ▁agreed , ▁and ▁a ▁two - t ier ed ▁structure ▁of ▁fe es ▁was ▁established . ▁The ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁fee ▁should ▁be ▁fixed ▁so ▁they ▁could ▁quote ▁costs ▁clearly ▁to ▁the ▁client . ▁The ▁resulting ▁two - t ier ed ▁fee ▁acknowled ged ▁that ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁had ▁no ▁other ▁sources ▁of ▁income ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁cler gy ▁had . ▁However , ▁this ▁happened ▁only ▁in ▁Victoria . ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁in ▁other ▁states ▁of ▁Australia ▁refused ▁to ▁pay ▁celebr ants ▁any ▁more ▁than ▁they ▁had ▁decided ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁cler gy . ▁This ▁led ▁predict ably ▁to ▁uns atisf actory ▁standards ▁and ▁un in sp iring ▁fun eral ▁services . ▁See ▁below ▁under ▁" Austral ian ▁States ▁other ▁than ▁Victoria ". ▁ ▁Training ▁and ▁education ▁of ▁celebr ants ▁ ▁Training ▁It ▁also ▁became ▁clear , ▁as ▁fun eral ▁cele b ran cy ▁became ▁an ▁organ ised ▁profession , ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁appropriate ▁for ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁to ▁learn ▁how ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁work ▁by ▁learning ▁from ▁one ’ s ▁mistakes ▁and ▁experience ▁while ▁‘ on ▁the ▁job ’ . ▁C ele br ants ▁observed ▁that ▁mistakes ▁made ▁in ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁could ▁leave ▁lif el ong ▁psych ological ▁sc ars . ▁It ▁was ▁clear ▁that ▁skills ▁such ▁as ▁cre

ative ▁writing ▁and ▁public ▁speaking , ▁a ▁knowledge ▁of ▁suitable ▁po etic , ▁literary , ▁symbol ic ▁and ▁musical ▁resources , ▁an ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁pun ct ual ity ▁and ▁time , ▁appropriate ▁dress ▁and ▁similar ▁were ▁essential . ▁It ▁was ▁clear ▁that ▁a ▁formal ▁educational ▁and ▁training ▁process ▁was ▁required . ▁ ▁Education ▁Exper ien ced ▁celebr ants ▁maintained ▁it ▁was ▁cru cial ▁for ▁tra ine e ▁celebr ants ▁to ▁achieve ▁an ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁" gr ief ▁process " ▁and ▁how ▁it ▁impact ed ▁on ▁their ▁work . ▁The ▁Australian ▁lecture ▁tour ▁of ▁a ▁ren owned ▁scholar ▁in ▁this ▁area , ▁Elisabeth ▁Kü b ler - R oss , ▁organ ised ▁by ▁fun eral ▁celebr ant ▁D iane ▁Store y , ▁received ▁wide ▁media ▁public ity ▁and ▁was ▁cred ited ▁with ▁changing ▁social ▁att itudes ▁to ▁death ▁and ▁dying . ▁Training , ▁in ▁the ▁inform al ▁sense , ▁began ▁by ▁constant ▁reflect ive ▁interaction ▁among ▁the ▁original ▁celebr ants ▁who ▁all ▁knew ▁each ▁other . ▁Later ▁on ▁when ▁more ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁were ▁attract ed ▁to ▁the ▁voc ation , ▁programs ▁of ▁sem in ars ▁were ▁set ▁up ▁by ▁celebr ants ▁B ever ley ▁Sil vi us , ▁D iane ▁Store y ▁and ▁Brian ▁and ▁T ina ▁Mc In er ney . ▁This ▁body ▁of ▁learning ▁was ▁later ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁the ▁courses ▁more ▁formally ▁prepared ▁by ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁C ele b ran cy ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁se cur ing ▁of ▁celebr

ant ▁professional ism ▁It ▁was ▁agreed ▁that ▁ade qu ate ▁training ▁of ▁celebr ants ▁must ▁leave ▁them ▁capable ▁of ▁providing ▁the ▁standards ▁the ▁general ▁public ▁expected ▁such ▁as ▁full ▁personal ▁interaction ▁and ▁co operation ▁with ▁the ▁family , ▁careful ▁prepar ation ▁of ▁a ▁historical ▁and ▁personal ▁e ul ogy , ▁att ent ive ▁choosing ▁of ▁read ings ▁( po etry ▁and ▁pro se ), ▁music , ▁ch ore ography ▁( process ion als ▁and ▁re cess ion als ), ▁symbol ism , ▁and ▁an ▁appropriate ▁setting ▁and ▁place ▁for ▁the ▁ceremony . ▁Another ▁essential ▁was ▁that ▁C ele br ants ▁should ▁check ▁the ▁e ul ogy ▁and ▁the ▁ceremony ▁with ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁family , ▁so ▁that ▁harm ful ▁mistakes ▁were ▁avoided . ▁In ▁short , ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁were ▁viewed ▁as ▁a ▁serious ▁responsibility ▁which ▁should ▁be ▁prepared ▁with ▁efficiency ▁and ▁attention ▁to ▁detail , ▁requiring ▁an ▁attitude ▁of ▁genu inen ess , ▁em path y ▁and ▁comp ass ion . ▁The ▁high ▁ide als ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁celebr ants ▁and ▁the ▁ones ▁who ▁slowly ▁joined ▁their ▁ranks ▁changed ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁fun eral ▁ceremony ▁scene ▁in ▁Melbourne ▁and ▁Victoria . ▁They ▁prof essed ▁to ▁offer ▁the ▁best ▁and ▁most ▁personal ▁fun er als ▁which ▁existed ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁world . ▁This ▁high ▁standard ▁is ▁well ▁acknowled ged ▁by ▁Professor ▁Tony ▁Walter , ▁lect urer ▁and ▁reader ▁in ▁Death ▁and ▁Society ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Reading ▁UK . ▁Professor ▁Walter ▁particularly ▁singles ▁out ▁for ▁comment ary ▁two ▁celebr

ants ▁he ▁considered ▁out standing , ▁Brian ▁Mc In er ney ▁and ▁Rick ▁Bar cl ay . ▁ ▁T IME ▁Magazine ▁report ▁International ▁acknowled gment ▁was ▁provided ▁by ▁a ▁compreh ensive ▁article ▁in ▁Time ▁Magazine ▁( Se ptember ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁reporting ▁that ▁in ▁the ▁" li ber al " ▁cities ▁of ▁Melbourne ▁( Austral ia ) ▁and ▁A uck land ▁( New ▁Zealand ) ▁civil ▁celebr ants ▁" con duct ▁substantial ly ▁more ▁than ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁fun er als ." ▁It ▁reported ▁that ▁before ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁only ▁cler gy ▁fun er als ▁were ▁available ▁to ▁the ▁general ▁public ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁The ▁article ▁describes ▁celebr ant ▁fun er als ▁as ▁" int imate ▁and ▁personal ised ". ▁But ▁it ▁also ▁c ited ▁an ▁alternative ▁point ▁of ▁view ▁by ▁at he ist ▁soci ologist ▁Mira ▁Cr ouch ▁who ▁stated ▁that ▁celebr ant ▁fun er als ▁were ▁" ma w k ish ▁and ▁sentiment al ". ▁ ▁The ▁Australian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Civil ▁C ele br ants ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁the ▁‘ ’ Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁Association ▁of ▁Australia ’ ’ ▁had ▁become ▁the ▁‘ ’ Austral ian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Civil ▁C ele br ants ’ ’ . ▁This ▁new ▁body ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁welcome ▁marriage ▁celebr ants , ▁who ▁were ▁increasing ly ▁in ▁disag re ement ▁with ▁the ▁Mar riage ▁C ele br ants ▁Associ ations , ▁which ▁continued ▁to ▁opp ose ▁sec ular ▁fun eral ▁celebr

ants . ▁An ▁active ▁marriage ▁celebr ant ▁with ▁a ▁public ▁profile , ▁Rick ▁Bar cl ay ▁was ▁voted ▁in ▁as ▁President , ▁D ally ▁M essen ger ▁III ▁as ▁Secretary , ▁and ▁Ken ▁Wood burn ▁as ▁Tre as urer . ▁These ▁three ▁admin ister ed ▁the ▁Institute ▁until ▁it ▁became ▁‘ ’ The ▁Australian ▁Federation ▁of ▁Civil ▁C ele br ants ▁Inc ’ ’ ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁Although ▁no ▁reliable ▁statistics ▁were ▁kept ▁In ▁Melbourne ▁or ▁Victoria ▁by ▁any ▁re put able ▁authority , ▁inform al ▁checks ▁of ▁the ▁fun er als ▁services ▁as ▁advert ised ▁in ▁the ▁Melbourne ▁newsp apers ▁by ▁celebr ant ▁John ▁Dean ▁concluded ▁that ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁about ▁ 8 2 % ▁of ▁all ▁advert ised ▁fun eral ▁services ▁in ▁Melbourne ▁were ▁performed ▁by ▁civil ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants . ▁ ▁Australian ▁States ▁other ▁than ▁Victoria ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁in ▁states ▁of ▁Australia ▁other ▁than ▁Victoria ▁still ▁refused ▁to ▁pay ▁celebr ants ▁any ▁more ▁than ▁they ▁paid ▁the ▁cler gy ▁i . e . ▁a ▁low ▁" st ip end " ▁or ▁" of fer ing ". ▁The ▁results ▁were ▁predict able . ▁With ▁ ▁some ▁notable ▁exceptions , ▁very ▁few ▁marriage ▁celebr ants ▁were ▁prepared ▁to ▁put ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁pain st aking ▁time ▁and ▁effort ▁into ▁the ▁prepar ation ▁and ▁checking ▁of ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁that ▁was ▁required ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁standard . ▁Many ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁in ▁these ▁states ▁saw ▁celebr ants

▁as ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁their ▁income ▁and ▁were ▁open ly ▁host ile . ▁Several ▁fir ms ▁declared ▁every ▁member ▁of ▁their ▁staff ▁a ▁celebr ant . ▁O thers ▁employed ▁an ▁in - house ▁celebr ant ▁who ▁was ▁required ▁to ▁perform ▁ 1 3 ▁or ▁ 1 4 ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁per ▁week ▁— ▁comp elling ▁such ▁employees ▁to ▁resort ▁to ▁one - size - f its - all ▁imp erson al ▁cer emon ies . ▁A ▁" ce le br ant ▁fun eral " ▁in ▁these ▁context s ▁became ▁the ▁worst ▁option ▁available . ▁As ▁author ▁and ▁comment ator ▁Robert ▁L ark ins ▁put ▁it , ▁speaking ▁of ▁one ▁family ’ s ▁experience - ▁ ▁Geoff ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁religious ▁man ▁so ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁minister ▁of ▁religion ▁present , ▁just ▁a ▁celebr ant … ▁Sus anne ▁had ▁found ▁the ▁fun eral ▁experience ▁to ▁be ▁deeply ▁diss atisf ying . ▁ ▁As ▁church ▁attend ances ▁decl ined , ▁fun eral ▁direct ors ▁in ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁pushed ▁non - ch urch ▁people ▁into ▁organ ising ▁" family ▁cer emon ies ". ▁A ▁few ▁families ▁proved ▁capable ▁of ▁this , ▁but ▁most ▁were ▁not . ▁ ▁A ▁further ▁decl ine ▁in ▁standards ▁in ▁Australia ▁As ▁infl ation ▁took ▁hold ▁during ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁money ▁decl ined . ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁in ▁Australia , ▁who ▁effectively ▁controlled ▁fe es ▁for ▁celebr ants , ▁held ▁out ▁against ▁any ▁increases ▁in

▁pay ments . ▁ ▁The ▁loss ▁of ▁support ▁for ▁celebr ants ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁ret ire ments ▁of ▁ideal ist ▁Fun eral ▁Direct ors ▁such ▁as ▁Rob ▁and ▁John ▁All ison ▁and ▁Des mond ▁Tob in ▁was ▁keen ly ▁felt . ▁The ▁take over ▁of ▁the ▁small ▁and ▁middle ▁size ▁Fun eral ▁Comp an ies ▁by ▁the ▁mult in ational ▁company ▁Inv oc are ▁Limited , ▁meant ▁there ▁was ▁little ▁interest ▁in ▁any ▁celebr ant ▁standards ▁of ▁ceremony . ▁L ark ins ▁lists ▁five ▁pages ▁of ▁Fun eral ▁Hom es ▁purchased ▁by ▁Inv oc are ▁Limited ▁ ▁including ▁such ▁names ▁as ▁Sim p licity ▁Fun er als , ▁White ▁Lady ▁Fun er als , ▁Tob in ▁Brothers ▁Fun er als ▁and ▁Le ▁P ine ▁Fun er als . ▁All ▁these ▁smaller ▁fir ms ▁kept ▁their ▁original ▁names , ▁thus ▁mis leading ▁the ▁public ▁as ▁to ▁ownership . ▁Not with standing ▁the ▁above , ▁a ▁core ▁group ▁of ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁throughout ▁Australia ▁still ▁provide ▁the ▁public ▁with ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁original ▁ide als . ▁ ▁Fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁in ▁N Z , ▁UK ▁and ▁USA ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁New ▁Zealand ▁followed ▁Australia ▁in ▁establish ing ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁and ▁have ▁had ▁an ▁un tr ouble d ▁history . ▁The ▁Human ist ▁Society ▁of ▁England ▁and ▁Scotland , ▁after ▁many ▁vis its ▁to ▁Australia ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁established ▁a ▁wide

▁network ▁of ▁quality ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁character ised ▁by ▁a ▁strong ▁non - rel ig ious ▁st ance . ▁O thers ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁have ▁set ▁themselves ▁up ▁as ▁Civil ▁Fun eral ▁C ele br ants ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Australian / V ict or ian ▁model . ▁They ▁are ▁gain ing ▁wide ▁accept ance ▁particularly ▁fun eral ▁celebr ants ▁trained ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Society ▁of ▁C ele br ants . ▁The ▁USA ▁C ele br ant ▁Foundation , ▁established ▁by ▁gradu ates ▁of ▁the ▁Australian - based ▁International ▁College ▁of ▁C ele b ran cy ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁has ▁emer ged ▁as ▁the ▁leading ▁organisation ▁in ▁training ▁and ▁educ ating ▁civil ▁celebr ants ▁in ▁the ▁USA . ▁Origin ally ▁a ▁force ▁for ▁sec ular ▁wed ding ▁and ▁naming ▁cer emon ies , ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁some ▁civil ▁celebr ants ▁in ▁the ▁USA ▁have ▁become ▁more ▁involved ▁in ▁high ▁standard ▁fun eral ▁cer emon ies . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Austral ian ▁culture ▁Category : Fun er als <0x0A> </s> ▁USS ▁Che w ▁( DD - 1 0 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁and ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁She ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁Samuel ▁Che w . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁Che w ▁operated ▁along ▁the ▁East ▁Coast ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁on ▁pat rol ▁and ▁training ▁duties , ▁including ▁esc ort ing ▁a

▁trans at l antic ▁voyage ▁of ▁Curt iss ▁NC ▁se ap lan es . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁she ▁was ▁recomm ission ed ▁and ▁operated ▁out ▁of ▁Pear l ▁Har bor . ▁During ▁the ▁ 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁attack ▁on ▁Pear l ▁Har bor , ▁she ▁brought ▁her ▁guns ▁to ▁bear ▁against ▁aircraft ▁of ▁the ▁Empire ▁of ▁Japan , ▁and ▁two ▁of ▁her ▁men ▁were ▁killed ▁helping ▁to ▁man ▁the ▁batt les hip ▁. ▁For ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁war , ▁Che w ▁operated ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁port ▁on ▁esc ort ▁and ▁pat rol ▁duties , ▁until ▁she ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁Design ▁and ▁construction ▁▁ ▁Che w ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁ 1 1 1 ▁s ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁She , ▁along ▁with ▁seven ▁of ▁her ▁sister s , ▁were ▁constructed ▁at ▁Union ▁Iron ▁Works ▁ship y ards ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁California ▁using ▁specific ations ▁and ▁detail ▁designs ▁drawn ▁up ▁by ▁Beth le hem ▁Ste el . ▁ ▁She ▁had ▁a ▁standard ▁disp lacement ▁of ▁ ▁an ▁overall ▁length ▁of ▁, ▁a ▁beam ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁dra ug ht ▁of ▁. ▁On ▁tri als , ▁ ▁reached ▁a ▁speed ▁of ▁. ▁She ▁was ▁armed ▁with ▁four ▁ 4 "/ 5 0 ▁cal iber ▁guns ▁and ▁twelve ▁ ▁tor ped o ▁tub es . ▁She ▁had ▁a ▁regular ▁crew ▁complement

▁of ▁ 1 1 3 ▁officers ▁and ▁en list ed ▁men . ▁She ▁was ▁driven ▁by ▁two ▁Curt is ▁steam ▁tur b ines ▁power ed ▁by ▁four ▁Y arrow ▁bo ilers . ▁ ▁Specific s ▁on ▁Che ws ▁performance ▁are ▁not ▁known , ▁but ▁she ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁of ▁W ick es - class ▁destroy ers ▁designed ▁by ▁Beth le hem ▁Ste el , ▁built ▁from ▁a ▁different ▁design ▁than ▁the ▁' L iber ty ▁type ' ▁destroy ers ▁constructed ▁from ▁detail ▁designs ▁drawn ▁up ▁by ▁Bath ▁Iron ▁Works , ▁which ▁used ▁Par s ons ▁or ▁West ing house ▁tur b ines . ▁The ▁non - ' L iber ty ' ▁type ▁destroy ers ▁d eter ior ated ▁badly ▁in ▁service , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁all ▁ 6 0 ▁of ▁this ▁group ▁were ▁retired ▁by ▁the ▁Navy . ▁Act ual ▁performance ▁of ▁these ▁ships ▁was ▁far ▁below ▁intended ▁specific ations ▁especially ▁in ▁fuel ▁economy , ▁with ▁most ▁only ▁able ▁to ▁make ▁ ▁at ▁ ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁design ▁standard ▁of ▁ ▁at ▁. ▁The ▁class ▁also ▁suffered ▁problems ▁with ▁turning ▁and ▁weight . ▁ ▁Che w ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁only ▁ship ▁commission ed ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁named ▁for ▁Samuel ▁Che w , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁Cont inental ▁Navy ▁officer ▁killed ▁in ▁the ▁Revolution ary ▁War . ▁ ▁Service ▁history ▁Che w ▁was ▁launched ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁May ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁out ▁of ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁spons ored ▁by

▁F . ▁X . ▁G yg ax . ▁She ▁was ▁commission ed ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁December ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Commander ▁J . ▁H . ▁Klein ▁Jr . ▁ ▁She ▁sa iled ▁for ▁the ▁East ▁Coast ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁and ▁arrived ▁in ▁port ▁at ▁New port , ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁After ▁brief ▁rep airs ▁at ▁port ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁ref res her ▁training ▁at ▁Gu ant an amo ▁Bay ▁Naval ▁Base , ▁she ▁cleared ▁New ▁York ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁April ▁and ▁emb ark ed ▁as ▁an ▁esc ort ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁trans at l antic ▁se ap lane ▁flight , ▁made ▁by ▁Curt iss ▁NC - 4 ▁aircraft . ▁Following ▁this ▁duty , ▁she ▁visited ▁to ▁the ▁Az ores , ▁Gib ral tar , ▁Mal ta , ▁and ▁Constantin ople ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁on ▁ 5 ▁June . ▁After ▁rep airs , ▁she ▁ste amed ▁for ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California , ▁leaving ▁New ▁York ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁September ▁and ▁arriv ing ▁in ▁San ▁Diego ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁October . ▁Begin ning ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁she ▁was ▁placed ▁in ▁reduced ▁commission , ▁operating ▁only ▁inf re qu ently ▁with ▁Naval ▁res erv ists ▁of ▁Reserve ▁Division ▁ 1 0 ▁until ▁she ▁was ▁placed ▁out ▁of ▁commission ▁on

▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁ ▁At ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁mobil ization ▁effort ▁preceding ▁the ▁U . S . ▁entry ▁into ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁Che w ▁was ▁recomm ission ed ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁assigned ▁to ▁Def ense ▁Force , ▁ 1 4 th ▁Naval ▁District . ▁She ▁arrived ▁at ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁which ▁she ▁made ▁her ▁home ▁port . ▁She ▁spent ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁conduct ing ▁pat rol s ▁and ▁had ▁training ▁duty ▁from ▁Pear l ▁Har bor . ▁She ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁Dest roy er ▁Division ▁ 8 0 , ▁with ▁sister ▁ships ▁, ▁, ▁and ▁. ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁ 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁Che w ▁was ▁mo ored ▁in ▁Ber th ▁X - 5 , ▁alongside ▁Allen ▁and ▁the ▁de comm ission ed ▁, ▁which ▁was ▁being ▁used ▁for ▁storage . ▁At ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁by ▁the ▁Empire ▁of ▁Japan ▁that ▁morning , ▁Che w ▁brought ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁ 3 "/ 2 3 ▁cal iber ▁guns ▁online ▁and ▁began ▁firing ▁at ▁ 0 8 : 0 3 , ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁her ▁executive ▁officer . ▁At ▁ 0 8 : 1 1 , ▁two ▁of ▁her ▁. 5 0 ▁cal iber ▁machine ▁guns ▁were ▁also ▁brought ▁online ▁and ▁began ▁firing . ▁The ▁ ▁gun ▁scored ▁one ▁Japanese ▁aircraft ▁shot

▁down ▁and ▁two ▁dam aged , ▁and ▁the ▁machine ▁guns ▁observed ▁no ▁hits . ▁Che w ▁maintained ▁continuous ▁fire ▁from ▁these ▁weapons ▁until ▁ 0 9 : 3 4 , ▁when ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁aircraft ▁depart ed . ▁She ▁then ▁got ▁under way ▁and ▁began ▁pat rolling ▁for ▁Japanese ▁sub marine ▁activity , ▁just ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁port ▁entrance ▁bu oy . ▁She ▁ping ed ▁eight ▁possible ▁contacts ▁and ▁dropped ▁ 2 8 ▁depth ▁charges , ▁which ▁her ▁commander , ▁H . ▁R . ▁Hum mer , ▁Jr ., ▁reported ▁two ▁Japanese ▁sub mar ines ▁destroyed . ▁Sub sequ ent ▁evidence ▁does ▁not ▁suggest ▁Che w ▁struck ▁any ▁Japanese ▁sub mar ines . ▁In ▁the ▁cha os ▁of ▁the ▁attack , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁Che w ▁crew ▁members ▁also ▁dis emb ark ed ▁and ▁came ▁ab o ard ▁nearby ▁batt les hip ▁, ▁which ▁was ▁in ▁dry d ock , ▁to ▁assist ▁in ▁man ning ▁guns , ▁forming ▁am mun ition ▁trains , ▁and ▁fighting ▁fires . ▁A board ▁Pennsylvania , ▁two ▁Che w ▁crew man ▁were ▁killed ▁in ▁def ending ▁the ▁ship , ▁Se aman ▁Second ▁Class ▁Matthew ▁J . ▁Ag ola ▁and ▁Fire man ▁Third ▁Class ▁Clar ence ▁A . ▁W ise . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁through ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁Che w ▁operated ▁out ▁of ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁on ▁pat rol . ▁She ▁took ▁on ▁periodic ▁esc ort ▁duties ▁among ▁the ▁Hawai ian ▁Islands ▁and ▁on ▁training ▁duty ▁for

▁sub mar ines . ▁She ▁made ▁occas ional ▁tri ps ▁to ▁San ▁Francisco ▁and ▁Seattle ▁esc ort ing ▁con vo ys ▁and ▁screen ing ▁for ▁other ▁Navy ▁ships , ▁inter - is land ▁esc ort , ▁and ▁sub marine ▁training ▁duty . ▁Following ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁war , ▁she ▁depart ed ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁and ▁arrived ▁at ▁Philadelphia ▁ 1 3 ▁September . ▁She ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁there ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁and ▁sold ▁for ▁sc rap ▁on ▁ 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁Che w ▁received ▁one ▁battle ▁star ▁for ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁service . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁destroy ers ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Nav Source ▁Ph otos ▁ ▁USS ▁Che w ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁A AR ▁ ▁Category : W ick es - class ▁destroy ers ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁destroy ers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Sh ips ▁present ▁during ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Category : 1 9 1 8 ▁ships <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁Object ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁studio ▁album ▁from ▁the ▁du o ▁No ▁Age ▁and ▁third ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁through ▁Sub ▁Pop . ▁The ▁band ▁phys ically ▁created , ▁printed , ▁pack aged , ▁and ▁manufact ured ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁units ▁of ▁the ▁record ▁themselves

. ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁recording ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁R andy ▁Rand all ▁- ▁Compos er ▁Dean ▁Sp unt ▁- ▁Compos er ▁Fac undo ▁B erm ude z ▁- ▁Produ cer , ▁Engine er ▁P ete ▁L yman ▁- ▁Master ing ▁Isaac ▁Take uch i ▁- ▁C ello ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : No ▁Age ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁albums ▁Category : Sub ▁Pop ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁" Dan cing ▁Your ▁Memory ▁A way " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁recorded ▁by ▁American ▁country ▁music ▁artist ▁Char ly ▁McC lain . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁single ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁To o ▁Good ▁to ▁Hur ry . ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁reached ▁number ▁three ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁Hot ▁Country ▁Singles ▁& ▁Tra cks ▁chart . ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Edd ie ▁Bur ton ▁and ▁Thomas ▁Alan ▁Grant ▁for ▁Bar n wood ▁Music ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁owned ▁by ▁H ori Pro ▁Entertainment . ▁" Dan cing ▁Your ▁Memory ▁A way " ▁also ▁won ▁two ▁B MI ▁awards , ▁one ▁at ▁the ▁country ▁awards ▁in ▁Nash ville ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁at ▁the ▁pop ▁awards ▁in ▁B ever ly ▁Hills , ▁CA . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Tam my ▁W yn ette ▁for ▁her ▁So ft ▁Touch ▁album . ▁The ▁Char ly ▁McC lain ▁version ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Nor ro ▁Wilson . ▁It ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁recorded ▁by ▁over ▁ 3 0 ▁different ▁artists ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Chart ▁performance

▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁singles ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁songs ▁Category : T am my ▁W yn ette ▁songs ▁Category : Char ly ▁McC lain ▁songs ▁Category : S ong ▁record ings ▁produced ▁by ▁Nor ro ▁Wilson ▁Category : E pic ▁Records ▁singles <0x0A> </s> ▁Al ad ▁is ▁an ▁island ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁The ▁Philipp ine ▁third - class ▁municipality ▁of ▁Rom bl on ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁Al ad ▁and ▁on ▁Rom bl on , ▁Cob r ador , ▁and ▁Log bon ▁Islands . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁islands ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Is lands ▁of ▁Rom bl on <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁Hamilton ▁San ford ▁( May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 8 7 3 ▁- ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 ) ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Cleveland , ▁Ohio , ▁and ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Sy rac use ▁Trust ▁Company ▁and ▁co - found er ▁of ▁San ford - Her bert ▁Motor ▁T ruck ▁Company ▁in ▁Sy rac use , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Biography ▁San ford ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Cleveland , ▁Ohio , ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 8 7 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁The odore ▁S . ▁San ford ▁and ▁Arab ella ▁F ent on ▁San ford . ▁His ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁" leading ▁figure " ▁in ▁the ▁bank ing ▁and ▁financial ▁circles ▁of ▁the ▁Ohio ▁metropol is . ▁ ▁Early ▁career ▁

▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford , ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁known , ▁was ▁" so ▁eager ▁to ▁get ▁into ▁the ▁business ▁field ▁in ▁which ▁his ▁father ▁had ▁succeeded " ▁that , ▁on ▁gradu ation ▁from ▁Cleveland ▁public ▁schools , ▁he ▁took ▁a ▁job ▁as ▁a ▁mess enger ▁for ▁the ▁German - American ▁Sav ings ▁Bank . ▁ ▁He ▁worked ▁there ▁for ▁a ▁year ▁and ▁then ▁became ▁a ▁cl erk ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁Reserve ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Cleveland , ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁until ▁its ▁mer ger ▁with ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁Com merce ▁National ▁Association . ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁there , ▁he ▁rose ▁to ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁" pay ing ▁tell er " ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁mer ger ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁a ▁" rece iving ▁tell er " ▁and ▁later , ▁" ass istant ▁c ash ier ". ▁ ▁Bank ▁president ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 2 , ▁he ▁became ▁" c ash ier " ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Sy rac use ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁in ▁that ▁position ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁firm . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Sy rac use ▁was ▁am alg am ated ▁with ▁the ▁Sy rac use ▁Trust ▁Company ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁he ▁became ▁vice - pres ident ▁of ▁the ▁combined ▁bank ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁president ▁two ▁years ▁later ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁San ford ▁spent ▁another ▁ 1 9 ▁years ▁as ▁executive ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁large ▁Up

state , ▁New ▁York ▁bank ▁as ▁a ▁" fin anci er ▁of ▁prest ige ", ▁not ▁only ▁in ▁his ▁adopted ▁state , ▁but ▁far ▁beyond ▁its ▁conf ines . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁Sy rac use ▁Trust ▁Company ▁had ▁two ▁branches , ▁one ▁at ▁ 3 3 0 ▁South ▁Warren ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁at ▁ 5 0 9 ▁North ▁Sal ina ▁Street ▁in ▁Sy rac use . ▁The ▁company ▁was ▁renamed ▁to ▁Marine ▁Mid land ▁Trust ▁Company ▁of ▁Central ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁and ▁Marine ▁Mid land ▁Bank ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁bank ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁H SB C ▁Bank ▁USA . ▁ ▁San ford - Her bert ▁tr uck s ▁ ▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁San ford - Her bert ▁Motor ▁T ruck ▁Company ▁in ▁Sy rac use , ▁New ▁York , ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 . ▁He ▁succeeded ▁the ▁late ▁J . ▁Frank ▁Dur ston ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁concern ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 . ▁ ▁Ret irement ▁ ▁He ▁retired ▁from ▁active ▁business ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁but ▁remained ▁as ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁direct ors ▁of ▁the ▁Sy rac use ▁Trust ▁Company . ▁San ford ▁was ▁succeeded ▁in ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁by ▁Harry ▁W . ▁Dav ies . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Alice ▁Dur ston

▁San ford ▁and ▁had ▁two ▁sons ; ▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford , ▁Jr ., ▁and ▁Dur ston ▁San ford ▁and ▁one ▁daughter , ▁A de le ▁San ford . ▁He ▁also ▁had ▁two ▁grand children ; ▁Samuel ▁Cook ▁San ford ▁and ▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford ▁III . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁lif el ong ▁Republican . ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁Liber ty ▁Lo an ▁sales , ▁in ▁Red ▁Cross ▁drives ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁War ▁Ch est ▁campaign . ▁ ▁San ford ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Sy rac use ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce , ▁the ▁Century ▁Club ▁and ▁the ▁On ond aga ▁G olf ▁and ▁Country ▁Club . ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁C . ▁Hamilton ▁San ford ▁died ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁at ▁age ▁ 6 8 . ▁Fun eral ▁services ▁were ▁held ▁at ▁his ▁home ▁at ▁ 2 1 5 ▁Map le ▁Drive ▁in ▁De W itt , ▁New ▁York , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Sy rac use . ▁He ▁had ▁been ▁in ▁poor ▁health ▁for ▁several ▁years . ▁San ford ▁was ▁buried ▁in ▁Oak wood ▁C emetery ▁in ▁Sy rac use ▁after ▁services ▁at ▁First ▁Pres by ter ian ▁Church . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Sy rac use , ▁New ▁York ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Cleveland ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁Oak wood ▁C emetery ▁( S y rac use , ▁New ▁York ) ▁Category : 1 8 7

3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁ 2 2 4 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ 2 2 4 th ▁Brigade ▁( Un ited ▁Kingdom ) ▁ 2 2 4 th ▁M ixed ▁Brigade ▁( Sp ain ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Sh and ong ▁coal ▁mine ▁flo od ▁was ▁an ▁incident ▁that ▁occurred ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁in ▁X int ai , ▁Sh and ong , ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China , ▁when ▁heavy ▁rain ▁caused ▁a ▁river ▁to ▁burst ▁a ▁le vee ▁creating ▁a ▁flo od ▁into ▁two ▁mine ▁sh aft s . ▁ ▁By ▁ 8 : 5 0 ▁am ▁( 1 : 5 0 G MT ), ▁the ▁mine ▁was ▁in und ated ▁under water . ▁ ▁Dam ages ▁and ▁cas ual ties ▁More ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 mm ▁of ▁rain ▁had ▁fallen ▁in ▁X int ai , ▁causing ▁a ▁ 5 0 - met re ▁bre ach ▁of ▁a ▁le vee ▁of ▁the ▁W en ▁river . ▁ ▁Water ▁pou red ▁into ▁the ▁ 8 6 0 - met re ▁deep ▁pit ▁at ▁the ▁Hu ay uan ▁mine , ▁quickly ▁over wh el ming ▁the ▁mine ' s ▁p umps . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 7 2 ▁min ers ▁were ▁tra pped ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 - foot - deep ▁mine ▁sh aft ▁when ▁a ▁mine ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Hu ay

uan ▁M ining ▁Co . ▁ ▁N ine ▁others ▁were ▁also ▁missing , ▁in ▁a ▁nearby ▁mine ▁run ▁by ▁a ▁different ▁company . ▁None ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 1 ▁min ers , ▁living ▁or ▁dead , ▁were ▁recovered ▁from ▁the ▁two ▁mines ▁after ▁the ▁accident . ▁ ▁The ▁Hu ay uan ▁mine ▁was ▁flo oded ▁with ▁an ▁estimated ▁ 1 2 ▁million ▁cub ic ▁metres ▁of ▁water . ▁If ▁all ▁six ▁available ▁p umps ▁were ▁used ▁around ▁the ▁clock ▁they ▁could ▁p ump ▁out ▁about ▁ 1 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁cub ic ▁metres ▁of ▁water ▁a ▁day . ▁But ▁only ▁four ▁were ▁oper ational . ▁Un o fficial ly , ▁exper ts ▁say ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁take ▁almost ▁ 1 0 0 ▁days ▁to ▁d rain ▁the ▁water ▁inside ▁the ▁mine . ▁ ▁After math ▁An ▁official ▁at ▁China . com . cn ▁discussed ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁signs ▁of ▁flo oding ▁had ▁appeared ▁in ▁advance ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁incident , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁" dis aster ▁was ▁completely ▁avoid able ." ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁the ▁Sh and ong ▁provincial ▁government ▁issued ▁a ▁statement ▁cit ing ▁scient ists ▁who ▁said ▁that ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁min ers ▁would ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁out ▁alive ▁after ▁that ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁under ground . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Co al ▁power ▁in ▁China ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Sh and ong ▁mine ▁flo od ▁Sh and ong ▁mine ▁flo od ▁Category : Environment al ▁dis aster s ▁in ▁China ▁ 2

0 0 7 ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁flo ods ▁Category : Sh and ong ▁Category : Co al ▁min ing ▁dis aster s ▁in ▁China <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁A ph el ion , ▁the ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁when ▁the ▁Earth ▁is ▁far th est ▁from ▁the ▁Sun , ▁occurs ▁around ▁this ▁date . ▁ ▁Events ▁▁ 3 6 2 ▁BC ▁– ▁Battle ▁of ▁Mant inea : ▁The ▁The b ans , ▁led ▁by ▁Ep amin ond as , ▁defeated ▁the ▁Spart ans . ▁▁▁ 4 1 4 ▁– ▁Emperor ▁The odos ius ▁II , ▁age ▁ 1 3 , ▁yields ▁power ▁to ▁his ▁older ▁sister ▁A elia ▁Pul cher ia , ▁who ▁re igned ▁as ▁reg ent ▁and ▁proc laimed ▁herself ▁em press ▁( August a ) ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Roman ▁Empire . ▁▁ 8 3 6 ▁– ▁P act um ▁Sic ardi , ▁a ▁peace ▁treat y ▁between ▁the ▁Princi p ality ▁of ▁B ene vent o ▁and ▁the ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Nap les , ▁is ▁signed . ▁▁ 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Ulrich ▁of ▁A ugs burg ▁is ▁canon ized ▁as ▁a ▁saint . ▁ 1 0 5 4 ▁– ▁A ▁super n ova , ▁called ▁SN ▁ 1 0 5 4 , ▁is ▁seen ▁by ▁Chinese ▁Song ▁dynast y , ▁Arab , ▁and ▁possibly ▁Amer ind ian ▁obser vers ▁near ▁the ▁star ▁Z eta ▁Ta uri . ▁For ▁several ▁months ▁it ▁remains ▁bright ▁enough ▁to ▁be ▁seen ▁during ▁the ▁day . ▁Its ▁rem n ants ▁form ▁the

▁C rab ▁Neb ula . ▁ 1 1 2 0 ▁– ▁Jordan ▁II ▁of ▁Cap ua ▁is ▁an oint ed ▁as ▁prince ▁after ▁his ▁infant ▁nep hew ' s ▁death . ▁ 1 1 8 7 ▁– ▁The ▁Cr us ades : ▁Battle ▁of ▁H att in : ▁Sal adin ▁defe ats ▁Guy ▁of ▁L us ign an , ▁King ▁of ▁Jerusalem . ▁ 1 2 5 3 ▁– ▁Battle ▁of ▁West - Cap elle : ▁John ▁I ▁of ▁A ves nes ▁defe ats ▁Guy ▁of ▁D amp ierre . ▁ 1 3 5 9 ▁– ▁Francesco ▁II ▁Ord ela ff i ▁of ▁For l ì ▁surr enders ▁to ▁the ▁Pap al ▁commander ▁Gil ▁de ▁Al bor no z . ▁ 1 4 5 6 ▁– ▁Ott oman – H ung arian ▁wars : ▁The ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁N ánd or fe h ér v ár ▁( Bel grade ) ▁begins . ▁ 1 5 3 4 ▁– ▁Christian ▁III ▁is ▁elected ▁King ▁of ▁Den mark ▁and ▁Norway ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁R ye . ▁ 1 5 8 4 ▁– ▁Philip ▁Am adas ▁ ▁and ▁Arthur ▁Bar low e ▁arrive ▁at ▁Ro ano ke ▁Island ▁▁ 1 6 1 0 ▁– ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Kl ush ino ▁is ▁fought ▁between ▁forces ▁of ▁the ▁Polish – L ith uan ian ▁Commonwealth ▁and ▁Russia ▁during ▁the ▁Polish – Mus cov ite ▁War . ▁ 1 6 3 4 ▁– ▁The ▁city ▁of ▁Tro is - R ivi ères ▁is ▁founded ▁in ▁New ▁France ▁(

now ▁Quebec , ▁Canada ). ▁ 1 7 4 4 ▁– ▁The ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Lanc aster , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁I ro qu ois ▁c ede ▁lands ▁between ▁the ▁Al leg hen y ▁Mountains ▁and ▁the ▁Ohio ▁River ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁colon ies , ▁was ▁signed ▁in ▁Lanc aster , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁ 1 7 7 4 ▁– ▁Or ang et own ▁Resol utions ▁are ▁adopted ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁New ▁York , ▁one ▁of ▁many ▁protest s ▁against ▁the ▁British ▁Parliament ' s ▁Co er ci ve ▁Act s . ▁ 1 7 7 6 ▁– ▁American ▁Revolution : ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁is ▁adopted ▁by ▁the ▁Second ▁Cont inental ▁Congress . ▁ 1 7 7 8 ▁– ▁American ▁Revolution ary ▁War : ▁U . S . ▁forces ▁under ▁George ▁Clark ▁capture ▁K ask ask ia ▁during ▁the ▁Illinois ▁campaign . ▁ 1 8 0 2 ▁– ▁At ▁West ▁Point , ▁New ▁York , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁opens . ▁ 1 8 0 3 ▁– ▁The ▁Louisiana ▁P urchase ▁is ▁announced ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁people . ▁ 1 8 1 7 ▁– ▁In ▁Rome , ▁New ▁York , ▁construction ▁on ▁the ▁Er ie ▁Canal ▁begins . ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁– ▁Thomas ▁Jefferson , ▁third ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁dies ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁as ▁John ▁Adams , ▁second ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁on ▁the ▁f ift i eth ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁ad option ▁of ▁the ▁United

▁States ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁Independ ence . ▁ 1 8 2 7 ▁– ▁S la very ▁is ▁abol ished ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁New ▁York . ▁ 1 8 3 1 ▁– ▁Samuel ▁Francis ▁Smith ▁writes ▁" My ▁Country , ▁' T is ▁of ▁The e " ▁for ▁the ▁Boston , ▁Massachusetts ▁July ▁ 4 ▁festiv ities . ▁ 1 8 3 7 ▁– ▁Grand ▁J unction ▁Railway , ▁the ▁world ' s ▁first ▁long - distance ▁railway , ▁opens ▁between ▁B irmingham ▁and ▁Liverpool . ▁ 1 8 3 8 ▁– ▁The ▁Iowa ▁Territ ory ▁is ▁organized . ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁– ▁Henry ▁David ▁Th ore au ▁moves ▁into ▁a ▁small ▁cabin ▁on ▁Wal den ▁P ond ▁in ▁Con cord , ▁Massachusetts . ▁ ▁Th ore au ' s ▁account ▁of ▁his ▁two ▁years ▁there , ▁Wal den , ▁will ▁become ▁a ▁touch stone ▁of ▁the ▁environmental ▁movement . ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁– ▁The ▁first ▁edition ▁of ▁W alt ▁Whit man ' s ▁book ▁of ▁po ems , ▁Le aves ▁of ▁Gr ass , ▁is ▁published ▁In ▁Brook lyn . ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁– ▁Lewis ▁Car roll ▁tells ▁Alice ▁L idd ell ▁a ▁story ▁that ▁would ▁grow ▁into ▁Alice ' s ▁Advent ures ▁in ▁Wonder land ▁and ▁its ▁sequ els . ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁– ▁American ▁Civil ▁War : ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁V icks burg : ▁V icks burg , ▁Mississippi ▁surr enders ▁to ▁U . S . ▁forces ▁under ▁U ly ss es

▁S . ▁Grant ▁after ▁ 4 7 ▁days ▁of ▁sie ge . ▁One ▁hundred ▁fifty ▁miles ▁up ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River , ▁a ▁Confeder ate ▁army ▁is ▁rep uls ed ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Hel ena , ▁Ark ansas . ▁▁▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁American ▁Civil ▁War : ▁The ▁Army ▁of ▁Northern ▁Virginia ▁withdraw s ▁from ▁the ▁battle field ▁after ▁losing ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁G ett ys burg , ▁sign alling ▁an ▁end ▁to ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁invasion ▁of ▁U . S . ▁territory . ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁– ▁Ang lo - Z ulu ▁War : ▁The ▁Z ul ul and ▁capital ▁of ▁Ul und i ▁is ▁captured ▁by ▁British ▁troops ▁and ▁burn ed ▁to ▁the ▁ground , ▁ending ▁the ▁war ▁and ▁forcing ▁King ▁Cet sh way o ▁to ▁fle e . ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁– ▁In ▁Alabama , ▁the ▁T usk eg ee ▁Institute ▁opens . ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁– ▁The ▁first ▁scheduled ▁Canadian ▁trans cont inental ▁train ▁arriv es ▁in ▁Port ▁Mo ody , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁– ▁The ▁founder ▁of ▁Pakistan , ▁Qu a id - i - Az am ▁Muhammad ▁Ali ▁J inn ah , ▁joins ▁S ind h - Mad ras a - t ul - I sl am , ▁Kar achi . ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁– ▁Western ▁Sam oa ▁changes ▁the ▁International ▁Date ▁Line , ▁causing ▁Monday ▁( J uly ▁ 4 ) ▁to ▁occur ▁twice , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁year ▁with

▁ 3 6 7 ▁days . ▁▁▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁The ▁first ▁double - deck ed ▁street ▁car ▁service ▁was ▁inaugur ated ▁in ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California . ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁– ▁The ▁short - l ived ▁Republic ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁is ▁proc laimed ▁by ▁San ford ▁B . ▁D ole . ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁– ▁En ▁route ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁to ▁Le ▁Hav re , ▁the ▁SS ▁La ▁Bour g ogne ▁coll ides ▁with ▁another ▁ship ▁and ▁s inks ▁off ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁S able ▁Island , ▁with ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁ 5 4 9 ▁lives . ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁– ▁William ▁Howard ▁T aft ▁becomes ▁American ▁governor ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁– ▁The ▁Philipp ine – American ▁War ▁is ▁officially ▁concluded . ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁– ▁African - American ▁box er ▁Jack ▁Johnson ▁knock s ▁out ▁white ▁box er ▁Jim ▁Jeff ries ▁in ▁a ▁heavy weight ▁box ing ▁match , ▁spark ing ▁race ▁ri ots ▁across ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁– ▁A ▁massive ▁heat ▁wave ▁strik es ▁the ▁n ort he astern ▁United ▁States , ▁killing ▁ 3 8 0 ▁people ▁in ▁eleven ▁days ▁and ▁breaking ▁temperature ▁records ▁in ▁several ▁cities . ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁– ▁President ▁Wood row ▁Wilson ▁addresses ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ▁veter ans ▁at ▁the ▁Great ▁Re union ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁– ▁The ▁fun eral ▁of

▁Arch du ke ▁Franz ▁Ferdinand ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Soph ie ▁takes ▁place ▁in ▁Vienna , ▁six ▁days ▁after ▁their ▁assass in ations ▁in ▁Sar aje vo . ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁– ▁Me h med ▁V ▁died ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 7 3 ▁and ▁Ott oman ▁s ultan ▁Me h med ▁VI ▁asc ends ▁to ▁the ▁throne . ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁I : ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ham el , ▁a ▁successful ▁attack ▁by ▁the ▁Australian ▁Corps ▁against ▁German ▁positions ▁near ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Le ▁Ham el ▁on ▁the ▁Western ▁Front . ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁B ols he vik s ▁kill ▁Ts ar ▁Nicholas ▁II ▁of ▁Russia ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁( Jul ian ▁calendar ▁date ). ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁– ▁First ▁flight ▁of ▁the ▁Lock he ed ▁V ega . ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁– ▁Leo ▁Sz il ard ▁pat ents ▁the ▁chain - re action ▁design ▁that ▁would ▁later ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁atomic ▁bomb . ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁– ▁Lou ▁Ge hr ig , ▁recently ▁diagn osed ▁with ▁Amy ot roph ic ▁later al ▁s cl eros is , ▁inform s ▁a ▁crowd ▁at ▁Yan kee ▁Stadium ▁that ▁he ▁cons iders ▁himself ▁" The ▁luck iest ▁man ▁on ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁the ▁earth ", ▁then ▁announ ces ▁his ▁ret irement ▁from ▁major ▁league ▁baseball . ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁– ▁Naz i ▁cr imes ▁against ▁the ▁Polish ▁nation : ▁Naz i ▁troops ▁mass acre

▁Polish ▁scient ists ▁and ▁writers ▁in ▁the ▁captured ▁Ukrain ian ▁city ▁of ▁L viv . ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁The ▁Burn ing ▁of ▁the ▁R iga ▁syn agog ues : ▁The ▁Great ▁Ch oral ▁Syn agog ue ▁in ▁German ▁occupied ▁R iga ▁is ▁bur nt ▁with ▁ 3 0 0 ▁Jews ▁locked ▁in ▁the ▁bas ement . ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁The ▁ 2 5 0 - day ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Se v ast opol ▁in ▁the ▁Crime a ▁ends ▁when ▁the ▁city ▁falls ▁to ▁A xis ▁forces . ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Kur sk , ▁the ▁largest ▁full - scale ▁battle ▁in ▁history ▁and ▁the ▁world ' s ▁largest ▁tank ▁battle , ▁begins ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Pro k hor ov ka . ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁In ▁Gib ral tar , ▁a ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁B - 2 4 ▁Liber ator ▁bom ber ▁crashes ▁into ▁the ▁sea ▁in ▁an ▁apparent ▁accident ▁moments ▁after ▁take off , ▁killing ▁six teen ▁passengers ▁on ▁board , ▁ ▁including ▁general ▁W ład ys ław ▁S ikor ski , ▁the ▁commander - in - ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁Army ▁and ▁the ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁government - in - ex ile ; ▁only ▁the ▁pilot ▁surv ives . ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁– ▁The ▁K iel ce ▁pog rom ▁against ▁Jewish ▁Hol oca ust

▁surv iv ors ▁in ▁Poland . ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁After ▁ 3 8 1 ▁years ▁of ▁near - continu ous ▁colonial ▁rule ▁by ▁various ▁powers , ▁the ▁Philippines ▁att ains ▁full ▁independence ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁– ▁The ▁" Ind ian ▁Independ ence ▁Bill " ▁is ▁presented ▁before ▁the ▁British ▁House ▁of ▁Commons , ▁propos ing ▁the ▁independence ▁of ▁the ▁Provin ces ▁of ▁British ▁India ▁into ▁two ▁so ver eign ▁countries : ▁India ▁and ▁Pakistan . ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁– ▁Cold ▁War : ▁Radio ▁Free ▁Europe ▁first ▁broadcast s . ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁– ▁Cold ▁War : ▁A ▁court ▁in ▁Czech oslov ak ia ▁sentences ▁American ▁journalist ▁William ▁N . ▁O atis ▁to ▁ten ▁years ▁in ▁prison ▁on ▁charges ▁of ▁esp ion age . ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁William ▁Sho ck ley ▁announ ces ▁the ▁in vention ▁of ▁the ▁j unction ▁trans istor . ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁– ▁U . S . ▁President ▁D w ight ▁D . ▁Eisen h ower ▁signed ▁the ▁R ivers ▁and ▁Har b ors ▁Flo od ▁Control ▁Bill . ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁– ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁post - Ind ep end ence ▁Day ▁ad mission ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁as ▁the ▁ 5 0 th ▁U . S . ▁state ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁the ▁ 5 0 - star ▁flag ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁deb uts ▁in ▁Philadelphia ,

▁almost ▁ten ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁months ▁later ▁( see ▁Flag ▁Act s ▁( Un ited ▁States )). ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁– ▁On ▁its ▁ma iden ▁voyage , ▁the ▁Soviet ▁nuclear - power ed ▁sub marine ▁K - 1 9 ▁suff ers ▁a ▁complete ▁loss ▁of ▁cool ant ▁to ▁its ▁re actor . ▁The ▁crew ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁effect ▁rep airs , ▁but ▁ 2 2 ▁of ▁them ▁die ▁of ▁radiation ▁poison ing ▁over ▁the ▁following ▁two ▁years . ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁– ▁U . S . ▁President ▁Ly nd on ▁B . ▁Johnson ▁signs ▁the ▁Fre edom ▁of ▁Information ▁Act ▁into ▁United ▁States ▁law . ▁The ▁act ▁went ▁into ▁effect ▁the ▁next ▁year . ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁– ▁Isra eli ▁command os ▁ra id ▁En te bbe ▁air port ▁in ▁U g anda , ▁res cu ing ▁all ▁but ▁four ▁of ▁the ▁passengers ▁and ▁crew ▁of ▁an ▁Air ▁France ▁jet lin er ▁seized ▁by ▁Palest in ian ▁terror ists . ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁The ▁U . S . ▁celebr ates ▁its ▁B ic ent enn ial . ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁– ▁The ▁George ▁Jackson ▁Brigade ▁plants ▁a ▁bomb ▁at ▁the ▁main ▁power ▁subst ation ▁for ▁the ▁Washington ▁state ▁capit ol ▁in ▁Olymp ia , ▁in ▁solid ar ity ▁with ▁a ▁prison ▁strike ▁at ▁the ▁Wal la ▁Wal la ▁State ▁Pen it enti ary ▁Int ensive ▁Security ▁Unit . ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁– ▁Three ▁Iran ian ▁diplom ats ▁and ▁a

▁journalist ▁are ▁kid n apped ▁in ▁Leb anon ▁by ▁Ph al ange ▁forces , ▁and ▁their ▁fate ▁remains ▁unknown . ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁– ▁In ▁France , ▁former ▁Gest ap o ▁chief ▁Klaus ▁Bar bie ▁( a . k . a . ▁the ▁" But cher ▁of ▁Lyon ") ▁is ▁conv icted ▁of ▁cr imes ▁against ▁human ity ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁imprison ment . ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁– ▁R wand an ▁gen o cide : ▁K ig ali , ▁the ▁R wand an ▁capital , ▁is ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁R wand an ▁Patri otic ▁Front , ▁ending ▁the ▁gen o cide ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁– ▁NASA ' s ▁Path find er ▁space ▁pro be ▁lands ▁on ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁Mars . ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁– ▁Japan ▁launch es ▁the ▁No z omi ▁pro be ▁to ▁Mars , ▁joining ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Russia ▁as ▁a ▁space ▁expl oring ▁nation . ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁– ▁Vlad iv ost ock ▁Air ▁Fl ight ▁ 3 5 2 ▁crashes ▁on ▁approach ▁to ▁Ir k ut sk ▁Airport ▁killing ▁all ▁ 1 4 5 ▁people ▁on ▁board . ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁– ▁The ▁corner stone ▁of ▁the ▁Fre edom ▁Tower ▁is ▁laid ▁on ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center ▁site ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Greece ▁be ats ▁Portugal ▁in ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Euro ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Final ▁and ▁becomes ▁European ▁Champion ▁for

▁first ▁time ▁in ▁its ▁history . ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁– ▁The ▁Deep ▁Imp act ▁coll ider ▁hits ▁the ▁com et ▁Temp el ▁ 1 . ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁The ▁Stat ue ▁of ▁Liber ty ' s ▁crown ▁re opens ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁after ▁eight ▁years ▁of ▁closure ▁due ▁to ▁security ▁concerns ▁following ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 1 ▁attacks . ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁The ▁first ▁of ▁four ▁days ▁of ▁bomb ings ▁begins ▁on ▁the ▁southern ▁Philipp ine ▁island ▁group ▁of ▁Mind ana o . ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁– ▁The ▁discovery ▁of ▁particles ▁consistent ▁with ▁the ▁H ig gs ▁bos on ▁at ▁the ▁Lar ge ▁Had ron ▁Coll ider ▁is ▁announced ▁at ▁C ER N . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁– ▁Chile ▁claims ▁its ▁first ▁title ▁in ▁international ▁s occer ▁by ▁defe ating ▁Argentina ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Copa ▁América ▁Final . ▁ ▁B irth s ▁ ▁AD ▁ 6 8 ▁– ▁Sal on ina ▁Mat idia , ▁Roman ▁daughter ▁of ▁Ul p ia ▁Mar ci ana ▁( d . ▁ 1 1 9 ) ▁ 1 0 9 5 ▁– ▁Us ama ▁ibn ▁Mun q id h , ▁Muslim ▁poet , ▁author ▁and ▁far is ▁( K night ) ▁( d . ▁ 1 1 8 8 ) ▁ 1 3 3 0 ▁– ▁Ash ik aga ▁Y osh ia ki ra , ▁Japanese ▁sh ō gun ▁( d . ▁ 1 3 6 7 ) ▁ 1 4

7 7 ▁– ▁Johannes ▁A vent inus , ▁Bav arian ▁historian ▁and ▁phil ologist ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 3 4 ) ▁ 1 5 4 6 ▁– ▁Mur ad ▁III , ▁Ott oman ▁s ultan ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 9 5 ) ▁ 1 6 5 6 ▁– ▁John ▁Le ake , ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁adm iral ▁( d . ▁ 1 7 2 0 ) ▁ 1 6 9 4 ▁– ▁Louis - Cla ude ▁Da quin , ▁French ▁organ ist ▁and ▁composer ▁( d . ▁ 1 7 7 2 ) ▁ 1 7 1 5 ▁– ▁Christian ▁Für chte g ott ▁G ell ert , ▁German ▁poet ▁and ▁academic ▁( d . ▁ 1 7 6 9 ) ▁ 1 7 1 9 ▁– ▁Michel - Jean ▁S eda ine , ▁French ▁play w right ▁( d . ▁ 1 7 9 7 ) ▁▁ 1 7 2 9 ▁– ▁George ▁Leonard , ▁American ▁lawyer , ▁jur ist ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 1 9 ) ▁ 1 7 5 3 ▁– ▁Jean - Pierre ▁Bl anch ard , ▁French ▁invent or , ▁best ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁pione er ▁in ▁bal lo on ▁flight ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 0 9 ) ▁ 1 7 9 0 ▁– ▁George ▁Ever est , ▁Wel sh ▁ge ograph er ▁and ▁survey or ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 6 6 ) ▁ 1 7 9 9 ▁– ▁Oscar ▁I ▁of ▁Sweden ▁( d . ▁

1 8 5 9 ) ▁ 1 8 0 4 ▁– ▁Nathan iel ▁Haw th or ne , ▁American ▁novel ist ▁and ▁short ▁story ▁writer ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 6 4 ) ▁ 1 8 0 7 ▁– ▁Giuseppe ▁Gar ib ald i , ▁Italian ▁general ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 8 2 ) ▁ 1 8 1 6 ▁– ▁Hir am ▁Walker , ▁American ▁business man , ▁founded ▁Canadian ▁Club ▁whis ky ▁ ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 9 9 ) ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁– ▁Stephen ▁F oster , ▁American ▁song writer ▁and ▁composer ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 6 4 ) ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁– ▁Hermann ▁C ohen , ▁German ▁phil os opher ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 1 8 ) ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁– ▁Thomas ▁John ▁Bar n ardo , ▁Irish ▁phil anth rop ist ▁and ▁human itar ian ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 0 5 ) ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁– ▁James ▁Anthony ▁Ba iley , ▁American ▁circ us ▁ring master , ▁co - f ounded ▁Ring ling ▁B ros . ▁and ▁Bar num ▁& ▁Ba iley ▁Circ us ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 0 6 ) ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁– ▁Victor ▁B abe ș , ▁Roman ian ▁phys ician ▁and ▁bi ologist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 2 6 ) ▁ 1 8 6 8 ▁– ▁Henri etta ▁Sw an ▁Le av itt , ▁American ▁astronom er ▁and

▁academic ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 2 1 ) ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁– ▁Hub ert ▁Cec il ▁Bo oth , ▁English ▁engineer ▁( d . 1 9 5 5 ) ▁ 1 8 7 2 ▁– ▁Cal vin ▁C ool idge , ▁American ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 3 0 th ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 3 3 ) ▁ 1 8 7 4 ▁– ▁John ▁Mc P he e , ▁Australian ▁journalist ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 2 7 th ▁Premier ▁of ▁Tas mania ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁– ▁Victor ▁Kraft , ▁Aust rian ▁phil os opher ▁from ▁the ▁Vienna ▁Circle ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁– ▁U ly ss es ▁S . ▁Grant ▁III , ▁American ▁general ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁– ▁R ube ▁Gold berg , ▁American ▁sculpt or , ▁cart oon ist , ▁and ▁engineer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁– ▁P io ▁P ion , ▁Italian ▁engineer ▁and ▁business man ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 6 5 ) ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁– ▁Henry ▁Ar met ta , ▁Italian - American ▁actor ▁and ▁singer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁– ▁Ir ving ▁Ca esar , ▁American ▁song writer ▁and ▁composer ▁(

d . ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁– ▁Ma o ▁Dun , ▁Chinese ▁journalist , ▁author , ▁and ▁critic ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁– ▁All uri ▁S itar ama ▁Raj u , ▁Indian ▁activ ist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 2 4 ) ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁– ▁P ilar ▁Barb osa , ▁Puerto ▁R ican - American ▁historian ▁and ▁activ ist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁▁▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ger tr ude ▁Lawrence , ▁British ▁actress , ▁singer , ▁and ▁dan cer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁▁▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Gul zar il al ▁N anda , ▁Indian ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁▁▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ger tr ude ▁We aver , ▁American ▁super cent en arian ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁– ▁Bel inda ▁D ann , ▁Ind igen ous ▁Australian ▁who ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁St olen ▁Generation , ▁reun ited ▁with ▁family ▁aged ▁ 1 0 7 ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Nell ie ▁Ma e ▁R owe , ▁African - American ▁folk ▁artist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁– ▁Meyer ▁L ans ky , ▁American ▁gang

ster ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁George ▁Mur phy , ▁American ▁actor ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁– ▁Flor ▁Pe eters , ▁Belg ian ▁organ ist , ▁composer , ▁and ▁educ ator ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 6 ) ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁– ▁Ang ela ▁Bad de ley , ▁English ▁actress ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁– ▁Ir ving ▁Johnson , ▁American ▁sail or ▁and ▁author ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Robert ▁Han key , ▁ 2 nd ▁Baron ▁Han key , ▁British ▁diplom at ▁and ▁public ▁servant ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Lion el ▁Tr illing , ▁American ▁critic , ▁ess ay ist , ▁short ▁story ▁writer , ▁and ▁educ ator ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 5 ) ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁– ▁Vincent ▁Sch ae fer , ▁American ▁chem ist ▁and ▁meteor ologist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁– ▁John ▁Anderson , ▁American ▁disc us ▁thro wer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Howard ▁Ta ub man , ▁American ▁author ▁and ▁critic ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁

1 9 0 9 ▁– ▁Ale c ▁Temple ton , ▁Wel sh ▁composer , ▁pian ist ▁and ▁sat ir ist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 6 3 ) ▁▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁– ▁Robert ▁K . ▁M erton , ▁American ▁soci ologist ▁and ▁scholar ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Gl oria ▁Stuart , ▁American ▁actress ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁– ▁Bruce ▁Hamilton , ▁Australian ▁public ▁servant ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Mitch ▁Miller , ▁American ▁singer ▁and ▁producer ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁– ▁N uc cio ▁Bert one , ▁Italian ▁autom obile ▁designer ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁– ▁T imm ie ▁Rog ers , ▁American ▁actor ▁and ▁singer - song writer ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁– ▁I va ▁T og uri ▁D ' A qu ino , ▁American ▁typ ist ▁and ▁broad c aster ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁– ▁E pp ie ▁L eder er , ▁American ▁journalist ▁and ▁radio ▁host ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 2 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁John nie ▁Par s ons , ▁American ▁race ▁car ▁driver ▁( d

. ▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁King ▁T auf a ' ah au ▁T up ou ▁IV ▁of ▁T ong a , ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ale c ▁Bed ser , ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Eric ▁Bed ser , ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Paul ine ▁Phill ips , ▁American ▁journalist ▁and ▁radio ▁host , ▁created ▁D ear ▁Abb y ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁– ▁Norm ▁Dru cker , ▁American ▁basketball ▁player ▁and ▁ref eree ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Le ona ▁Hel ms ley , ▁American ▁business w oman ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Fritz ▁Wil de , ▁German ▁footballer ▁and ▁manager ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 7 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Paul ▁B ann ai , ▁American ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁– ▁G ér ard ▁Deb reu , ▁French ▁econom ist ▁and ▁math ematic ian , ▁Nobel ▁Prize ▁la ure ate ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁▁▁

1 9 2 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁N asser ▁Sh ar ifi , ▁Iran ian ▁sports ▁shoot er ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Metropolitan ▁Mik h ail ▁of ▁As y ut ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Philip ▁Rose , ▁American ▁actor , ▁play w right , ▁and ▁producer ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Tib or ▁V arga , ▁Hung arian ▁viol in ist ▁and ▁conduct or ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁– ▁R . ▁James ▁Har vey , ▁American ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁– ▁Rudolf ▁Friedrich , ▁Swiss ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁– ▁Eva ▁Marie ▁Saint , ▁American ▁actress ▁▁▁▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Del ia ▁F ial lo , ▁Cub an ▁author ▁and ▁screen writer ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁– ▁Cir il ▁Z lob ec , ▁Sloven e ▁poet , ▁writer , ▁transl ator , ▁journalist ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Dor othy ▁Head ▁K node , ▁American ▁tennis ▁player ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁– ▁Alfred o ▁Di ▁St é f ano , ▁Argent in ian - Span ish ▁footballer

▁and ▁coach ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Lake ▁Under wood , ▁American ▁race ▁car ▁driver ▁and ▁business man ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁– ▁G ina ▁L ol lo br ig ida , ▁Italian ▁actress ▁and ▁photograph er ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Neil ▁Simon , ▁American ▁play w right ▁and ▁screen writer ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁– ▁Gi amp iero ▁B oni per ti , ▁Italian ▁footballer ▁and ▁politician ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Te of isto ▁Gu ing ona ▁Jr ., ▁Filip ino ▁politician ; ▁ 1 1 th ▁Vice ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁J ass em ▁Al wan , ▁Sy rian ▁Army ▁Officer ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Sh an ▁Rat nam , ▁Sri ▁L ank an ▁phys ician ▁and ▁academic ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ch uck ▁T anner , ▁American ▁baseball ▁player ▁and ▁manager ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁– ▁Ron ▁Case y , ▁Australian ▁journalist ▁and ▁sport sc aster ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Al ▁Davis , ▁American ▁football ▁player , ▁coach , ▁and ▁manager ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 1

) ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Bill ▁T utt le , ▁American ▁baseball ▁player ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁George ▁Stein br en ner , ▁American ▁business man ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁– ▁Stephen ▁Bo yd , ▁Northern ▁Ireland - born ▁American ▁actor ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 7 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Rick ▁Cas ares , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁soldier ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁S éb ast ien ▁Jap ris ot , ▁French ▁author , ▁director , ▁and ▁screen writer ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Peter ▁Richard son , ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁– ▁Aur èle ▁V and end ri ess che , ▁Belg ian ▁runner ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁– ▁Y v onne ▁B . ▁Miller , ▁American ▁academic ▁and ▁politician ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Col in ▁Well and , ▁English ▁actor ▁and ▁screen writer ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁– ▁Paul ▁S co on , ▁Gren ad ian ▁politician , ▁ 2 nd ▁Governor - General ▁of ▁Gren ada ▁( d

. ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁– ▁Z dz is ław a ▁Don at , ▁Polish ▁sop rano ▁and ▁actress ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁– ▁Thomas ▁Nag el , ▁American ▁phil os opher ▁and ▁academic ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Queen ▁Son ja ▁of ▁Norway ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Richard ▁Rh odes , ▁American ▁journalist ▁and ▁historian ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Eric ▁Wal ters , ▁Australian ▁journalist ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁– ▁Steven ▁Rose , ▁English ▁bi ologist ▁and ▁academic ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Bill ▁With ers , ▁American ▁singer - song writer ▁and ▁producer ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 2 0 ) ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁– ▁Pat ▁St ap leton , ▁Canadian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁– ▁Sam ▁F arr , ▁American ▁politician ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁T oma ž ▁Š al am un , ▁Cro at ian - S lo ven ian ▁poet ▁and ▁academic ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁P avel ▁Sed lá č ek , ▁Czech ▁singer - song writer ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Brian ▁Will son , ▁American ▁soldier , ▁lawyer , ▁and ▁activ ist ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁– ▁Hal ▁Lan ier , ▁American ▁baseball ▁player , ▁coach , ▁and ▁manager

▁▁▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁F loyd ▁Little , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Stefan ▁M eller , ▁French - Pol ish ▁academic ▁and ▁politician , ▁Polish ▁Minister ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Prince ▁Michael ▁of ▁Kent ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Peter ▁Row an , ▁American ▁singer - song writer ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁– ▁Con ny ▁B auer , ▁German ▁trom bon ist ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Em erson ▁Bo oz er , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁sport sc aster ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Adam ▁Hart - D av is , ▁English ▁historian , ▁author , ▁and ▁photograph er ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ger al do ▁River a , ▁American ▁lawyer , ▁journalist , ▁and ▁author ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Alan ▁Wilson , ▁American ▁singer - song writer ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁– ▁Andre ▁Sp itzer , ▁Roman ian - Is ra eli ▁fen cer ▁and ▁coach ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 7 2 ) ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁– ▁Ron ▁K ov ic , ▁American ▁author ▁and ▁activ ist ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Michael ▁Mil ken , ▁American ▁business man ▁and ▁phil anth rop ist ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁–

▁L emb it ▁Ul fs ak , ▁Est onian ▁actor ▁and ▁director ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁– ▁René ▁Arn oux , ▁French ▁race ▁car ▁driver ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Tommy ▁Kör berg , ▁Swedish ▁singer ▁and ▁actor ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jer emy ▁Sp encer , ▁English ▁singer - song writer ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁– ▁Philip ▁Cra ven , ▁English ▁basketball ▁player ▁and ▁sw immer ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁David ▁J ensen , ▁Canadian - English ▁radio ▁and ▁television ▁host ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁– ▁John ▁Alexander , ▁Australian ▁tennis ▁player ▁and ▁politician ▁▁▁▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ralph ▁Johnson , ▁American ▁R & B ▁drum mer ▁and ▁per cussion ist ▁▁▁▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Vladimir ▁T ism ă ne anu , ▁Roman ian - American ▁political ▁scient ist , ▁soci ologist , ▁and ▁academic ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Kath le en ▁Kennedy ▁Town send , ▁American ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 6 th ▁Lieutenant ▁Governor ▁of ▁Maryland ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁– ▁Ál var o ▁Uri be , ▁Colomb ian ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 3 9 th ▁President ▁of ▁Colombia ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Carol ▁Mac Ready , ▁English ▁actress ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁John ▁Wa ite , ▁English ▁singer - song writer ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 2

▁▁ ▁– ▁Paul ▁Rog at ▁Lo eb , ▁American ▁author ▁and ▁activ ist ▁▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁– ▁Francis ▁Mau de , ▁English ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician , ▁Minister ▁for ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁Office ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁– ▁Jim ▁Be att ie , ▁American ▁baseball ▁player , ▁coach , ▁and ▁manager ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁M org anna , ▁American ▁model , ▁actress , ▁and ▁dan cer ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Dev endra ▁K umar ▁Jos hi , ▁ 2 1 st ▁Chief ▁of ▁Naval ▁Staff ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Navy ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁– ▁Kevin ▁Nich ols , ▁Australian ▁cycl ist ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁– ▁Robert ▁S inc la ir ▁Mac K ay , ▁British ▁academic ▁and ▁educ ator ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁– ▁Rein ▁Lang , ▁Est onian ▁politician ▁and ▁diplom at , ▁ 2 5 th ▁Est onian ▁Minister ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁– ▁V era ▁L eth , ▁Green land ic ▁O mb ud s man ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Kirk ▁P eng illy , ▁Australian ▁guitar ist , ▁sa x oph on ist , ▁and ▁song writer ▁▁▁▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Carl ▁Valent ine , ▁English - Can ad ian ▁footballer , ▁coach , ▁and ▁manager ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁– ▁Victoria ▁Abr il , ▁Spanish ▁actress ▁and ▁singer ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁– ▁Roland ▁Rat zen berger , ▁Aust rian ▁race ▁car ▁driver

▁( d . ▁ 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁– ▁Richard ▁Gar ri ott , ▁English - American ▁video ▁game ▁designer , ▁created ▁the ▁Ult ima ▁series ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁– ▁Pam ▁Sh river , ▁American ▁tennis ▁player ▁and ▁sport sc aster ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁– ▁Henri ▁Le con te , ▁French ▁tennis ▁player ▁and ▁sport sc aster ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁La ure ano ▁M ár quez , ▁Spanish - V enez uel an ▁political ▁scient ist ▁and ▁journalist ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁– ▁José ▁O qu endo , ▁Puerto ▁R ican - American ▁baseball ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁– ▁Son ia ▁Pierre , ▁Hat ian - D omin ican ▁human ▁rights ▁activ ist ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁– ▁Cle ▁K oo iman , ▁American ▁s occer ▁player ▁and ▁manager ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁El ie ▁Sa ab , ▁Leb an ese ▁fashion ▁designer ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ed i ▁R ama , ▁Alban ian ▁politician ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Mark ▁S la ugh ter , ▁American ▁singer - song writer ▁and ▁producer ▁▁▁▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Mark ▁Wh iting , ▁American ▁actor , ▁director , ▁and ▁screen writer ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁– ▁Har vey ▁Grant , ▁American ▁basketball ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Hor ace

▁Grant , ▁American ▁basketball ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁K iri ak os ▁Kar ata id is , ▁Greek ▁footballer ▁and ▁manager ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁G ér ard ▁Wat kins , ▁English ▁actor ▁and ▁play w right ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁– ▁Min as ▁H ant z id is , ▁German - G reek ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Lee ▁Re h erman , ▁American ▁actor ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁– ▁Vin ny ▁Cast illa , ▁Mexican ▁baseball ▁player ▁and ▁manager ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁S éb ast ien ▁De le igne , ▁French ▁ath lete ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁– ▁Ron ni ▁An con a , ▁Scottish ▁actress ▁and ▁screen writer ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁– ▁Al ▁Golden , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Tod d ▁Mar in ov ich , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Wil fred ▁M uge yi , ▁Z imb ab we an ▁footballer ▁and ▁coach ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁– ▁Stephen ▁G iles , ▁Canadian ▁can oe ▁rac er ▁and ▁engineer ▁▁▁▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Mike ▁Kn ub le , ▁Canadian - American ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁– ▁Ke iko ▁I h ara , ▁Japanese ▁race ▁car ▁driver ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁▁ ▁–

▁G ack t , ▁Japanese ▁music ian , ▁singer , ▁song writer , ▁record ▁producer ▁and ▁actor ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Michael ▁Johnson , ▁English - J ama ican ▁footballer ▁and ▁manager ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁An jel ika ▁K ry lo va , ▁Russian ▁ice ▁dan cer ▁and ▁coach ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jan ▁Magn ussen , ▁Dan ish ▁race ▁car ▁driver ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Tony ▁Pop ov ic , ▁Australian ▁footballer ▁and ▁manager ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁– ▁J ill ▁C ray bas , ▁American ▁tennis ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁La ' R oi ▁Glo ver , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁sport sc aster ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ad rian ▁Griff in , ▁American ▁basketball ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁– ▁Da ij iro ▁K ato , ▁Japanese ▁motor cycle ▁rac er ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Y ev gen i ya ▁Med ved e va , ▁Russian ▁sk ier ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁– ▁Mar cos ▁Daniel , ▁Brazil ian ▁tennis ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁É mile ▁M pen za , ▁Belg ian ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁– ▁Si im ▁Kab rit s , ▁Est onian ▁politician ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Josh ▁McC own , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁▁ ▁–

▁Ren ny ▁V ega , ▁Venez uel an ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁– ▁K w ame ▁Ste ede , ▁B erm ud an ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁– ▁D ed é , ▁Ang olan ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Bro ck ▁Berlin , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Christoph ▁Pre uß , ▁German ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Francisco ▁Cru c eta , ▁Domin ican ▁baseball ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Will ▁Smith , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁( d . ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁– ▁Vladimir ▁Bo isa , ▁Georg ian ▁basketball ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Vladimir ▁G use v , ▁Russian ▁cycl ist ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jeff ▁Lima , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁rugby ▁league ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Michael ▁" The ▁Situ ation " ▁Sor rent ino , ▁American ▁model , ▁author ▁and ▁television ▁person ality ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁– ▁Mel anie ▁F iona , ▁Canadian ▁singer - song writer ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Am ant le ▁Mont sh o , ▁B ots wan an ▁spr inter ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Miguel ▁P into , ▁Chile an ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Am ol ▁Raj an , ▁Indian - English ▁journalist ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Matt ia ▁S era f ini ,

▁Italian ▁footballer ▁▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁– ▁Jin ▁Ak an ishi , ▁Japanese ▁singer - song writer ▁▁▁▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Miguel ▁Santos ▁So ares , ▁Tim or ese ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁K ane ▁Ten ace , ▁Australian ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Dim it rios ▁M av roe id is , ▁Greek ▁basketball ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁W ason ▁R enter ía , ▁Colomb ian ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁– ▁Ö mer ▁A ş ı k , ▁Turkish ▁basketball ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁N gu yen ▁Ng oc ▁Du y , ▁Vietnam ese ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Rafael ▁Ar é val o , ▁Salvador an ▁tennis ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Wille m ▁J ans sen , ▁Dutch ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ter rance ▁Knight on , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Mar te ▁E ld en , ▁Norwegian ▁sk ier ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁– ▁W ude ▁Ay ale w , ▁Eth iop ian ▁runner ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁G ur am ▁K ash ia , ▁Georg ian ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁– ▁Angel ique ▁Bo yer , ▁French - M ex ican ▁actress ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁– ▁Benjamin ▁Bü ch el , ▁Lie chten stein ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁– ▁J ake

▁Gard iner , ▁American ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Richard ▁M p ong , ▁Gh ana ian ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Na oki ▁Yam ada , ▁Japanese ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁I har ▁Y as in ski , ▁Bel arus ian ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁– ▁Áng el ▁Rom ero , ▁Par agu ay an ▁footballer ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ó scar ▁Rom ero , ▁Par agu ay an ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Tom ▁B ark hu izen , ▁English ▁footballer ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁– ▁Post ▁Mal one , ▁American ▁singer , ▁ra pper , ▁song writer ▁and ▁record ▁producer ▁▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁– ▁Mo a ▁K ik uch i , ▁Japanese ▁music ian ▁▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁– ▁Pol ina ▁Bog use v ich , ▁Russian ▁singer ▁ ▁Death s ▁▁ 6 7 3 ▁– ▁E c g ber ht , ▁king ▁of ▁Kent ▁▁▁ 9 0 7 ▁– ▁L uit p old , ▁marg ra ve ▁of ▁Bav aria ▁▁▁▁ 9 0 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Diet mar ▁I , ▁arch bishop ▁of ▁Sal zburg ▁▁ 9 1 0 ▁– ▁Lu o ▁Sh a owe i , ▁Chinese ▁war l ord ▁( b . ▁ 8 7 7 ) ▁▁ 9 4 0 ▁– ▁Wang ▁J ian li , ▁Chinese ▁general ▁( b . ▁ 8 7 1 ) ▁▁ 9 4 3 ▁– ▁T ae

jo ▁of ▁G ory e o , ▁Korean ▁king ▁( b . ▁ 8 7 7 ) ▁▁ 9 4 5 ▁– ▁Z hu o ▁Yan ming , ▁Chinese ▁Buddh ist ▁mon k ▁and ▁em peror ▁▁ 9 6 5 ▁– ▁Bened ict ▁V , ▁po pe ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁▁ 9 7 3 ▁– ▁Ulrich ▁of ▁A ugs burg , ▁German ▁bishop ▁and ▁saint ▁( b . ▁ 8 9 0 ) ▁▁ 9 7 5 ▁– ▁G w ang j ong ▁of ▁G ory e o , ▁Korean ▁king ▁( b . ▁ 9 2 5 ) ▁ 1 1 8 7 ▁– ▁Ray n ald ▁of ▁Ch ât illon , ▁French ▁kn ight ▁( b . ▁ 1 1 2 5 ) ▁ 1 3 0 7 ▁– ▁Rudolf ▁I ▁of ▁Boh emia ▁( b . ▁ 1 2 8 1 ) ▁ 1 3 3 6 ▁– ▁Saint ▁Elizabeth ▁of ▁Portugal ▁( b . ▁ 1 2 7 1 ) ▁ 1 4 2 9 ▁– ▁Carlo ▁I ▁T oc co , ▁r uler ▁of ▁Ep irus ▁( b . ▁ 1 3 7 2 ) ▁ 1 5 3 3 ▁– ▁John ▁Fr ith , ▁English ▁priest , ▁writer , ▁and ▁mart yr ▁( b . ▁ 1 5 0 3 ) ▁▁ 1 5 4 1 ▁– ▁Pedro ▁de ▁Al var ado , ▁Spanish ▁general ▁and ▁expl orer ▁( b . ▁ 1 4 9 5 ) ▁ 1 5 4 6 ▁– ▁Hay red din

▁Bar bar ossa , ▁Ott oman ▁adm iral ▁( b . ▁ 1 4 7 8 ) ▁ 1 5 5 1 ▁– ▁Gregory ▁C rom well , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁C rom well , ▁English ▁politician ▁( b . ▁ 1 5 1 4 ) ▁ 1 6 0 3 ▁– ▁Philippe ▁de ▁Monte , ▁F lem ish ▁composer ▁and ▁educ ator ▁( b . ▁ 1 5 2 1 ) ▁ 1 6 2 3 ▁– ▁William ▁By rd , ▁English ▁composer ▁( b . ▁c . ▁ 1 5 4 0 ) ▁ 1 6 4 4 ▁– ▁Brian ▁Tw y ne , ▁English ▁academic , ▁anti qu arian ▁ ▁and ▁archiv ist ▁( b . ▁ 1 5 8 1 ) ▁ 1 6 4 8 ▁– ▁Antoine ▁Daniel , ▁French ▁mission ary ▁and ▁saint ▁( b . ▁ 1 6 0 1 ) ▁ 1 7 4 2 ▁– ▁Luigi ▁Gu ido ▁Grand i , ▁Italian ▁mon k , ▁math ematic ian , ▁and ▁engineer ▁( b . ▁ 1 6 7 1 ) ▁ 1 7 5 4 ▁– ▁Philippe ▁N érica ult ▁Dest ouch es , ▁French ▁play w right ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 6 8 0 ) ▁ 1 7 6 1 ▁– ▁Samuel ▁Richard son , ▁English ▁author ▁and ▁painter ▁( b . ▁ 1 6 8 9 ) ▁ 1 7 8 0 ▁– ▁Prince ▁Charles ▁Alexander ▁of ▁Lor raine ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 1 2 )

▁ 1 7 8 7 ▁– ▁Charles , ▁Prince ▁of ▁Sou b ise , ▁Marsh al ▁of ▁France ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 1 5 ) ▁ 1 8 2 1 ▁– ▁Richard ▁Cos way , ▁English ▁painter ▁and ▁academic ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 4 2 ) ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁– ▁John ▁Adams , ▁American ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 2 nd ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 3 5 ) ▁▁▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Thomas ▁Jefferson , ▁American ▁architect , ▁lawyer , ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 3 rd ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 4 3 ) ▁ 1 8 3 1 ▁– ▁James ▁Mon roe , ▁American ▁soldier , ▁lawyer , ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 5 th ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 5 8 ) ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁– ▁François - R en é ▁de ▁Ch ate a ub ri and , ▁French ▁historian ▁and ▁politician ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 6 8 ) ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁– ▁William ▁Kir by , ▁English ▁ent om ologist ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 5 9 ) ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁– ▁Karl ▁Friedrich ▁E ich horn , ▁German ▁academic ▁and ▁jur ist ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 8 1 ) ▁ 1 8 5 7 ▁– ▁William ▁L . ▁Mar cy , ▁American ▁lawyer , ▁judge , ▁and ▁politician

, ▁ 2 1 st ▁United ▁States ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 8 6 ) ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁– ▁Johan ▁Vil helm ▁S nell man , ▁Finn ish ▁phil os opher ▁and ▁politician ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 0 6 ) ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁– ▁Joseph ▁Bra ck ett , ▁American ▁composer ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 9 7 ) ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁– ▁P ound maker , ▁Canadian ▁trib al ▁chief ▁( b . ▁ 1 7 9 7 ) ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁– ▁Hann ib al ▁Ham lin , ▁American ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 1 5 th ▁Vice ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 0 9 ) ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁– ▁Johannes ▁Schmidt , ▁German ▁lingu ist ▁and ▁academic ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 4 3 ) ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁– ▁V ive kan anda , ▁Indian ▁mon k ▁and ▁saint ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 6 3 ) ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁– ▁É l isée ▁Rec lus , ▁French ▁ge ograph er ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 3 0 ) ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁– ▁Mel ville ▁Full er , ▁American ▁lawyer ▁and ▁jur ist , ▁Chief ▁Justice ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 3 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Giovanni ▁Sch ia p arel li , ▁Italian

▁astronom er ▁and ▁historian ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 3 5 ) ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁– ▁Alan ▁Se eg er , ▁American ▁soldier ▁and ▁poet ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 8 ) ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁– ▁L oth ar ▁von ▁Rich th of en , ▁German ▁lieutenant ▁and ▁pilot ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 4 ) ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁– ▁Pier ▁Giorg io ▁Fr ass ati , ▁Italian ▁activ ist ▁and ▁saint ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0 1 ) ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁– ▁Marie ▁Cur ie , ▁French - Pol ish ▁phys ic ist ▁and ▁chem ist , ▁Nobel ▁Prize ▁la ure ate ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 6 7 ) ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁– ▁Otto ▁B auer , ▁Aust rian ▁phil os opher ▁and ▁politician , ▁Aust rian ▁Minister ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 1 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Su z anne ▁L eng len , ▁French ▁tennis ▁player ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 9 ) ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁– ▁Anton i ▁Ł om nick i , ▁Polish ▁math ematic ian ▁and ▁academic ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 1 ) ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁– ▁W ład ys ław ▁S ikor ski , ▁Polish ▁general ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 9 th ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Republic ▁of ▁Poland ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 1 )

▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁– ▁T aff y ▁O ' Call ag han , ▁Wel sh ▁footballer ▁and ▁coach ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0 6 ) ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁– ▁Monte iro ▁Lob ato , ▁Brazil ian ▁journalist ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 2 ) ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁– ▁François ▁Brand t , ▁Dutch ▁ro wer ▁and ▁engineer ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 7 4 ) ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁– ▁Bernard ▁Fre y berg , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Fre y berg , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁general ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 7 th ▁Governor - General ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 9 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁C ly de ▁Kenn ard , ▁American ▁activ ist ▁and ▁mart yr ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁P ing ali ▁V enk ay ya , ▁Indian ▁activ ist , ▁designed ▁the ▁Flag ▁of ▁India ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 7 6 ) ▁▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁– ▁Gab y ▁Mor lay , ▁French ▁actress ▁and ▁singer ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 3 ) ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁– ▁Henri ▁Dec oin , ▁French ▁director ▁and ▁screen writer ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 0 ) ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁– ▁Bar nett ▁New man , ▁American ▁painter ▁and ▁illustr ator ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0

5 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Harold ▁St ir ling ▁V ander b ilt , ▁American ▁sail or ▁and ▁business man ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 4 ) ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁– ▁August ▁Der le th , ▁American ▁anth ologist ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0 9 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Thomas ▁C . ▁Hart , ▁American ▁adm iral ▁and ▁politician ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 7 7 ) ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁– ▁Ge or get te ▁He yer , ▁English ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0 2 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁André ▁Rand all , ▁French ▁actor ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 2 ) ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁– ▁Y on atan ▁Net any ahu , ▁Isra eli ▁colon el ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 6 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Anton i ▁S ł on im ski , ▁Polish ▁poet ▁and ▁play w right ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 5 ) ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁– ▁G ers h ▁Bud ker , ▁Ukrain ian ▁phys ic ist ▁and ▁academic ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 8 ) ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁– ▁Lee ▁W ai ▁T ong , ▁Chinese ▁footballer ▁and ▁manager ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0 5 ) ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁– ▁Maurice ▁Gre vis se , ▁Belg ian ▁lingu

ist ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 5 ) ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁– ▁J imm ie ▁Sp he er is , ▁American ▁singer - song writer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 9 ) ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁– ▁Paul - G il bert ▁L ange vin , ▁French ▁music ologist , ▁critique ▁musical ▁and ▁phys ic ist ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Flor ▁Pe eters , ▁Belg ian ▁organ ist ▁and ▁composer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0 3 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Oscar ▁Z aris ki , ▁Bel arus ian - American ▁math ematic ian ▁and ▁academic ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 9 ) ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁– ▁Ad rian ▁Ad on is , ▁American ▁wrest ler ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 4 ) ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁– ▁O live ▁Ann ▁Burn s , ▁American ▁journalist ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 4 ) ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁– ▁Victor ▁Ch ang , ▁Chinese - Austral ian ▁sur geon ▁and ▁phys ician ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 6 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Art ▁Sans om , ▁American ▁cart oon ist ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 0 ) ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁– ▁Ast or ▁Pia zz ol la , ▁Argent in ian ▁band one on ▁player ▁and

▁composer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 1 ) ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁B ona ▁Ar sen ault , ▁Canadian ▁historian , ▁gene alog ist , ▁and ▁politician ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0 3 ) ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁– ▁Jo ey ▁Mare lla , ▁American ▁wrest ling ▁ref eree ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁– ▁Eva ▁G abor , ▁Hung arian - American ▁actress ▁and ▁singer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 9 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Bob ▁Ross , ▁American ▁painter ▁and ▁television ▁host ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 2 ) ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁– ▁Charles ▁Kur alt , ▁American ▁journalist ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 4 ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁John ▁Zach ary ▁Young , ▁English ▁zo ologist ▁and ▁ne uro phys i ologist ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 0 7 ) ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁– ▁Leo ▁G arel , ▁American ▁illustr ator ▁and ▁educ ator ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 7 ) ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁– ▁Gust aw ▁Her ling - Gr ud zi ński , ▁Polish ▁journalist ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 9 ) ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁– ▁Ger ald ▁B ales , ▁Canadian ▁organ ist ▁and ▁composer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 9 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Benjamin

▁O . ▁Davis , ▁Jr ., ▁American ▁general ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 2 ) ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁– ▁Larry ▁Bur k ett , ▁American ▁author ▁and ▁radio ▁host ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 9 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁André ▁Cla ve au , ▁French ▁singer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 5 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Barry ▁White , ▁American ▁singer - song writer , ▁pian ist , ▁and ▁producer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 4 ) ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁– ▁Jean - Marie ▁A ub erson , ▁Swiss ▁viol in ist ▁and ▁conduct or ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 0 ) ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁– ▁Cl iff ▁G oup ille , ▁Canadian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 5 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁H ank ▁Str am , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁coach ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 3 ) ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁– ▁Bill ▁P ink ney , ▁American ▁singer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 5 ) ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁– ▁Thomas ▁M . ▁D isch , ▁American ▁author ▁and ▁poet ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 0 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁J esse ▁Hel ms , ▁American ▁politician ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 1 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Ev

ely n ▁Key es , ▁American ▁actress ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 6 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Terr ence ▁K iel , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Charles ▁Whe eler , ▁German - English ▁soldier ▁and ▁journalist ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 3 ) ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁Br enda ▁Joy ce , ▁American ▁actress ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 7 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Allen ▁Klein , ▁American ▁business man ▁and ▁talent ▁agent , ▁founded ▁AB K CO ▁Records ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 1 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Dra ke ▁Le vin , ▁American ▁guitar ist ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 6 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Steve ▁Mc N air , ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁L asse ▁Str öm sted t , ▁Swedish ▁author ▁and ▁actor ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 5 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁T ati ▁L out ard , ▁Cong ol ese ▁poet ▁and ▁politician ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁– ▁Robert ▁Neil ▁Butler , ▁American ▁phys ician ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁ 2

0 1 2 ▁– ▁Hir en ▁Bh attach ary ya , ▁Indian ▁poet ▁and ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 2 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jimmy ▁B iv ins , ▁American ▁box er ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 9 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Je ong ▁Min - h ye ong , ▁South ▁Korean ▁footballer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Eric ▁Sy kes , ▁English ▁actor , ▁director , ▁and ▁screen writer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 3 ) ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁– ▁On ll w yn ▁Bra ce , ▁Wel sh ▁rugby ▁player ▁and ▁sport sc aster ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 2 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Jack ▁C rom pton , ▁English ▁footballer ▁and ▁manager ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 1 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁James ▁F ult on , ▁American ▁der mat ologist ▁and ▁academic ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 0 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Charles ▁A . ▁H ines , ▁American ▁general ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 5 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Bern ie ▁N olan , ▁Irish ▁singer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 6 0 ) ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁– ▁Giorg io ▁F ale tt i , ▁Italian ▁author , ▁screen writer , ▁and ▁actor

▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 0 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁C . ▁J . ▁Hend erson , ▁American ▁author ▁and ▁critic ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 1 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Earl ▁Robinson , ▁American ▁baseball ▁player ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 6 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Richard ▁M ell on ▁S ca ife , ▁American ▁business man ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 2 ) ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁– ▁Ned el cho ▁Ber on ov , ▁Bulgar ian ▁judge ▁and ▁politician ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 8 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁▁ ▁– ▁William ▁Con rad ▁Gib b ons , ▁American ▁historian , ▁author , ▁and ▁academic ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 6 ) ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁– ▁Abb as ▁K iar ost ami , ▁Iran ian ▁film ▁director , ▁screen writer , ▁poet , ▁and ▁photograph er ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 0 ) ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁– ▁John ▁Black well , ▁American ▁R & B , ▁fun k , ▁and ▁jazz ▁drum mer ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁▁ ▁– ▁D ani il ▁Gran in , ▁Soviet ▁and ▁Russian ▁author ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 1 9 ) ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁– ▁Henri ▁Dir ick x , ▁Belg ian ▁footballer ▁( b . ▁ 1

9 2 7 ) ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁▁ ▁– ▁Rob by ▁Müller , ▁Dutch ▁cinemat ograph er ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 0 ) ▁ ▁Hol id ays ▁and ▁observ ances ▁Christian ▁fe ast ▁day : ▁Andrew ▁of ▁Cre te ▁Ber tha ▁of ▁Ar to is ▁B less ed ▁Catherine ▁J arr ige ▁B less ed ▁Pier ▁Giorg io ▁Fr ass ati ▁Elizabeth ▁of ▁Arag on ▁( or ▁of ▁Portugal ) ▁O da ▁of ▁Can ter bury ▁Ulrich ▁of ▁A ugs burg ▁July ▁ 4 ▁( E astern ▁Orth odox ▁lit urg ics ) ▁B irth day ▁of ▁Queen ▁Son ja ▁( N or way ) ▁The ▁first ▁evening ▁of ▁D ree ▁Festival , ▁celebrated ▁until ▁July ▁ 7 ▁( A pat ani ▁people , ▁Ar un ach al ▁Pr adesh , ▁India ) ▁Independ ence ▁Day , ▁celebr ates ▁the ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁from ▁Great ▁Britain ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 6 . ▁( Un ited ▁States ▁and ▁its ▁dependencies ) ▁Liber ation ▁Day ▁( N or thern ▁Mar iana ▁Islands ) ▁Liber ation ▁Day ▁( R w anda ) ▁Republic ▁Day ▁( Ph ili pp ines ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁BBC : ▁On ▁This ▁Day ▁▁▁ ▁On ▁This ▁Day ▁in ▁Canada ▁ ▁Category : Days ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁Category : J uly <0x0A> </s> ▁H ina ▁Per va iz ▁But t ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 1 9 ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Pak ist