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Székelyszabar is a village in Baranya county, Hungary. External links Street map Category:Populated places in Baranya County

Edith Kiertzner Heath (May 24, 1911 – December 27, 2005) was an American studio potter and founder of Heath Ceramics. The company, well known for its mid-century modern ceramic tableware, including "Heathware," and architectural tiles, is still operating in Sausalito, California, after being founded in 1948. Life and work Kierzner was born on May 24, 1911, in Ida Grove, Iowa, forty miles east of Sioux City, Iowa, to Danish immigrants Nils and Karoline Kierzner. In 1931, Kierzner enrolled at the Chicago Normal School, later renamed Chicago Teachers College, and graduated in 1934. She enrolled part-time at the Art Institute of Chicago after graduation taking her first ceramic course. In 1938, Edith married Brian Heath. Relocating to San Francisco, Edith accepted a position as an art teacher at the Presidio Hill School and audited classes at the California School of Fine Arts. She developed a clay body in these classes which she adapted many times for her production work. Not being able to have as much access to the pottery equipment, Edith pursued her ceramic interests on her own converting a treadle sewing machine into a pottery wheel. In 1943, she studied eutectics with Willard Kahn through the University of California extension courses. In 1944, her first major show was at the California Palace of the Legion of Honor. She also participated in the Syracuse Ceramic Nationals. A buyer from San Francisco retailer Gumps approached Edith to supply their store with her high quality hand-thrown pottery using the company's pottery studio. She accepted the opportunity, while continuing to work in her own studio. Major retailers began to order tableware, and in 1948, she opened Heath Ceramics in Sausalito, California. By 1949, Heath was producing 100,000 pieces a year. Heath Ceramics was purchased by Robin Petravic and Catherine Bailey in 2003. Edith Heath died on December 27, 2005 at her home in Tiburon, California. Tableware Edith Heath's "Coupe" line remains in demand and has been in constant production since 1948, with periodic changes to the texture and color of the glazes. Other Heath pottery lines include "Rim," designed in 1960, and "Plaza," designed in the 1980s. Architectural tile The Pasadena Art Museum, now the Norton Simon Museum, in Pasadena, California and designed by Pasadena architects Thornton Ladd and John Kelsey of the firm 'Ladd + Kelsey' used the architectural tiles. The distinctive and modern curvilinear exterior facade is faced in 115,000 glazed tiles, in varying brown tones with an undulating surface, made by Edith Heath. They are part of the backdrop many see when viewing the New Year's Rose Parade. References Further reading Klausner, Amos. Heath Ceramics, The Complexity of Simplicity. Chronicle Books LLC, San Francisco (2006) External links Heath Ceramics KCET.org video: Heath Ceramics - The Making of a California Classic Category:American ceramists Category:American potters Category:American industrial designers Category:Women potters Category:1911 births Category:2005 deaths Category:California people in design Category:American designers Category:American women ceramists Category:Dinnerware designers Category:Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area Category:People from Tiburon, California Category:People from Sausalito, California Category:Modernist architecture in California Category:Ceramics manufacturers of the United States Category:20th-century American artists Category:20th-century ceramists Category:20th-century American women artists

Robert William Chapman (5 October 1881 in Eskbank, Scotland – 20 April 1960 in Oxford), usually known in print as R. W. Chapman, was a British scholar, book collector and editor of the works of Samuel Johnson and Jane Austen. Life Chapman was the youngest of six children born to an Anglican clergyman, who died when he was three years old. He was educated at the High School of Dundee, St Andrews University and Oriel College, Oxford, where he graduated with a First in classics and humanities. He worked as assistant to the secretary of the Clarendon Press. In 1913 he married Katherine Marion Metcalfe, an English tutor at Somerville College. Chapman did military service in Salonika during World War I, managing to study the works of Johnson there and continue to write for the Times Literary Supplement. After the war Chapman would remain in Oxford until his death. In 1920 he succeeded Charles Cannan as secretary of the Clarendon Press. He played a part in producing the Oxford English Dictionary, combining editorial and administrative responsibilities at the press. Although Chapman is generally credited as the scholar who established Austen’s canonical status in the twentieth century, his wife played a key role in igniting his interest in book collecting as well as Jane Austen’s works. He himself cited her antiquarian interests as the inspiration of his book collecting career, and her editions of Pride and Prejudice and Northanger Abbey both preceded Chapman’s own. Her contribution to his work is self-evident in her ubiquitous handwriting in the Chapman archives. However, Chapman’s own negligence in acknowledging his wife’s contribution to his Jane Austen edition caused her work to go uncredited until later scholars such as David Gilson, Kathryn Sutherland, and Janine Barchas proved otherwise. In 1923 Chapman produced an edition of five novels of Jane Austen; further Austen miscellanea were published separately in the 1920s and 1930s before being collected together as a sixth volume, Minor Works, of The Novels of Jane Austen. He also edited (1932) Austen's correspondence, though this involved him in some controversy with Austen's critics. After retirement from the Clarendon Press in 1943, Chapman worked on "what many consider his greatest accomplishment": a three-volume edition (1952) of Samuel Johnson's letters. In 1948, Chapman rejected the authenticity of the Rice portrait of Jane Austen based on costume evidence. Works Names, Designations and Appellations, 1946, SPE Tract No XLVII The Portrait of a Scholar and Other Essays Written in Macedonia 1916-1918, London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1920 (ed.) The Novels of Jane Austen: The Text Based on Collation of the Early Editions, 5 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1923; revised, 1933 (ed.) Jane Austen's Letters to Her Sister Cassandra and Others, 2 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1932; revised, 1952 (ed.) The Letters of Samuel Johnson: With Mrs Thrale's Genuine Letters to Him, 3 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952 (rev. and enlarged) Annals of English literature, 1475-1950; the principal publications of each year, together with an alphabetical index of authors with their works, by J. C. Ghosh & E. G. Withycombe, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961 References External links Category:1881 births Category:1960 deaths Category:British book and manuscript collectors Category:British book editors Category:People educated at the High School of Dundee Category:Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford Category:British bibliographers Category:Contributors to the Oxford English Dictionary Category:Jane Austen scholars Category:Samuel Johnson scholars

Corethrarcha is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae. See also List of Tortricidae genera References Category:Tortricidae genera Category:Olethreutinae

The Men's 100 metre freestyle S13 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 16 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Three heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final. Heats Heat 1 10:57 16 September 2016: Heat 2 11:00 16 September 2016: Heat 3 11:03 16 September 2016: Final 19:24 16 September 2016: Notes Category:Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon (February 13, 1707 – April 12, 1777), called "Crébillon fils" (to distinguish him from his father), was a French novelist. Born in Paris, he was the son of a famous tragedian, Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon. He received a Jesuit education at the elite Lycée Louis-le-Grand. Early on he composed various light works, including plays for the Italian Theatre in Paris, and published a short tale called Le Sylphe in 1730. From 1729 to 1739 he participated in a series of dinners called "Le Caveau" (named after the cabaret where they were held) with other artists, including Alexis Piron, Charles Collé, and Charles Duclos. The publication of Tanzaï et Neadarne, histoire japonaise (1734), which contained thinly veiled attacks on the Papal bull Unigenitus, the cardinal de Rohan and others, landed him briefly in the prison at Vincennes. His novel Les Égarements du cœur et de l'esprit was published between 1736 and 1738 and was, although he continued to edit it in 1738, never finished. Publication of Le Sopha, conte moral, an erotic political satire, in 1742 forced him into exile from Paris for several months. Around 1744 he entered into a romantic liaison with Lady Henrietta Maria Stafford, daughter of a Jacobite chamberlain, and they were married in 1748. A son was born in 1746 and died in 1750. Despite financial hardship, they lived together until her death in 1755. Meanwhile, he published La Nuit et le moment (1745), Ah! quel conte! and Les Heureux Orphelins (1754). Inheriting nothing from Henriette, he was forced to sell his large library in 1757 and eventually found steady income as a royal censor (like his father) in 1759. In 1768 and 1772 he published his last two novels, Lettres de la duchesse de *** au duc de *** and Lettres athéniennes. Works Le Sylphe ou Songe de Madame de R***. Écrit par elle-même à Madame de S*** (1730) (full text in French on Gallica) Lettres de la marquise de M*** au comte de R*** (1732) Tanzaï et Néadarné (incorrectly known as L'Écumoire, histoire japonaise) (1734) (full text in French on Gallica) Les Égarements du cœur et de l'esprit ou Mémoires de M. de Meilcour (1736–1738) Le Sopha, conte moral (1742) (full text in French on Gallica) Le dialogue des morts (1745) Les amours de Zéokinisul, roi des Kofirans (1746) (authorship disputed) Ah quel conte ! Conte politique et astronomique (1754) (full text in French on Gallica) Les Heureux Orphelins, histoire imitée de l'anglais (1754) La Nuit et le moment ou les matines de Cythère : dialogue (1755) (full text in French on Gallica) Le Hasard du coin du feu. Dialogue moral (1763) (full text in French on Gallica) Lettres de la Duchesse de *** au duc de *** (1768) (full text in French on Gallica) Lettres athéniennes. Extraites du porte-feuille d'Alcibiade (1771) (full text in French on Gallica) Recent editions Standard edition is Œuvres complètes, éd. Jean Sgard, 4 vols., Paris: Classiques Garnier, 1999-2002. Lettres de la marquise de M*** au comte de R***, Paris, Desjonquères, 1990. Les Égarements du cœur et de l'esprit, Paris: GF-Flammarion, 1985. Le Sopha, Paris, Desjonquères, 1984. La Nuit et le moment et Le Hasard du coin du feu, Paris, Desjonquères, 1983. La Nuit et le moment, Livre de Poche Classique, 2003. Les Heureux Orphelins, Paris, Desjonquères, 1995. References Jean Sgard, Crébillon fils, le libertin moraliste, Paris: Desjonquères, 2002. External links Nuit et Moment Category:1707 births Category:1777 deaths Category:Writers from Paris Category:18th-century French writers Category:18th-century male writers Category:18th-century French novelists Category:French male novelists

The 1994 World's Strongest Man was the 17th edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Magnus Ver Magnusson from Iceland. It was his second title after finishing second the previous 2 years in a row. Manfred Hoeberl from Austria finished second after finishing fourth the previous year, and Riku Kiri from Finland finished third for the second consecutive time. The contest was held in Sun City, South Africa. This was the first year that the qualifying heats were implemented, and surprisingly, the 1993 champion Gary Taylor failed to qualify for the finals. Heats Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Final results References External links Official site 1994 results at Bill Henderson's Strongest Man site Category:World's Strongest Man competitions Category:1994 in South African sport

Onespa is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Category:Hesperiini Category:Hesperiidae genera

Dzērbene Manor (; ) is a manor house in the historical region of Vidzeme, northern Latvia. Modern manor house is built on the place where old Dzērbene medieval castle once stood. Dzērbene manor is mentioned for the first time in 1555 when it was presented to chancellor of Archbishopric of Riga Christoph Sturz. In 1556 old castle was destroyed by army of Livonian Order and in 1577 also by Muscovites. During period of Swedish Livonia Dzērbene manor was owned by Svante Banner. After Great Northern War Dzērbene manor complex with more than 20 buildings became property of Russian Empire. In 1771 Russian empress Catharina II presented property to the major-general Otto Weismann von Weissenstein. His descendants owned the manor until 1891. From 1891 property was owned by von Laudohn family. Manor house was burned during Russian revolution of 1905 but was rebuilt later. During First world war manor saw further damage and last owners departed for Germany. After the Latvian agrarian reform of 1920 manor building and lands was nationalised and divided for 144 new farms. Manor building was restored and in 1927 Technical school of agriculture was located there. After the Second World war and one more fire in 1947 building was reconstructed in 1949 and still was occupied by agricultural school. In the 1980s building became property of local sovkhoz Dzērbene. The building currently houses the Dzērbene parish administration offices, a community center, a music school, and a coffee shop. Current manor building was built near the end of the 18th century in Classical style. A large Neo-Gothic tower was added near the end of the 19th century. See also List of palaces and manor houses in Latvia References External links Dzērbene Manor Category:Manor houses in Latvia

The suspensory muscle of duodenum is a thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery. It is also known as the ligament of Treitz. The suspensory muscle most often connects to both the third and fourth parts of the duodenum, as well as the duodenojejunal flexure, although the attachment is quite variable. The suspensory muscle marks the formal division between the first and second parts of the small intestine, the duodenum and the jejunum. This division is used to mark the difference between the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts, which is relevant in clinical medicine as it may determine the source of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. The suspensory muscle is derived from mesoderm and plays a role in the embryological rotation of the gut, by offering a point of fixation for the rotating gut. It is also thought to help digestion by widening the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare abnormality caused by a congenitally short suspensory muscle. Structure The duodenum and the jejunum are the first and second parts of the small intestine, respectively. The suspensory muscle of the duodenum marks their formal division. The suspensory muscle arises from the right crus of the diaphragm as it passes around the esophagus, continues as connective tissue around the stems of the celiac trunk (celiac artery) and superior mesenteric artery, passes behind the pancreas, and enters the upper part of the mesentery, inserting into the junction between the duodenum and jejunum, the duodenojejunal flexure. Here, the muscles are continuous with the muscular layers of the duodenum. Variation Considerable anatomic variation exists, in terms of length and point of attachment. Despite the classical description, the muscle only solely attaches to the duodenojejunal flexure in about 8% of people; it is far more common, 40 to 60% of the time to attach additionally to the third and fourth parts of the duodenum; and 20 to 30% of the time it only attaches to the third and fourth parts. Moreover, separate multiple attachments are not that uncommon. According to some authors, who use the original description by Treitz, the muscle may be divided into two sections: a ligamentous portion attaching the right crus of diaphragm to the connective tissue surrounding the coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery; and a lower muscular portion from the connective tissue attaching to the duodenum. The superior portion is also described as the Hilfsmuskel. These two parts are now considered anatomically distinct, with the suspensory muscle referring solely to the lower structure attaching at the duodenum. Function The ligament contains a slender band of skeletal muscle from the diaphragm and a fibromuscular band of smooth muscle from the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum. When it contracts, by virtue of connections to the third and fourth parts of the duodenum, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure, allowing movement of the intestinal contents. Embryology Embryologically, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum is derived from mesoderm. It plays an important role in the embryological rotation of the small intestine as the superior retention band. Clinical significance This ligament is an important anatomical landmark of the duodenojejunal flexure, separating the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. For example, bloody vomit or melena, black tarry stools, usually indicate a gastrointestinal bleed from a location in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, hematochezia, bright red blood or clots in the stool, usually indicates gastrointestinal bleeding from the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is an especially important landmark to note when looking at the bowel for the presence of malrotation of the gut, a syndrome often suspected in young children when they have episodes of recurrent vomiting. Visualising a normal location of the ligament of Treitz in radiological images is critical in ruling out malrotation of the gut in a child; it is abnormally located when malrotation is present. During a Whipple's procedure, commonly used to treat pancreatic cancer by removing the pancreas, duodenum, and part of the jejunum, the ligament of Treitz is separated from the duodenum and preserved. When the remaining jejunum is anastamosed with the pylorus of the stomach, it may be passed through the ligament. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA) is an extremely rare life-threatening condition that can either be congenital and chronic, or induced and acute. SMA Syndrome is characterised by compression of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, and may—when congenital—result from a short suspensory muscle. One surgical treatment is Strong's operation, which involves cutting the suspensory muscle, though this is not often carried out. History The suspensory muscle of the duodenum was first named in 1853 by Václav Treitz, as the (in Latin), and described as consisting of a lower muscular portion with a broad base, and an upper tendinous portion blending with connective tissue around the origins of the superior mesenteric and coeliac arteries. It is commonly termed the ligament of Treitz by clinicians and as the suspensory muscle of the duodenum by anatomists. It has also been likened to "a polar ice cap ... a structure that many refer to but few have seen." Additional images References Category:Digestive system

Vũ Muộn is a commune (xã) and village in Bạch Thông District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam. Category:Populated places in Bắc Kạn Province Category:Communes of Bắc Kạn Province

Melanoplus truncatus, the truncate-cercus short-wing grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America. References Category:Melanoplinae Category:Articles created by Qbugbot Category:Insects described in 1898

Push and shove may refer to: Push and Shove (album), an album and song by No Doubt Push and shove router, a type of router supported by various EDA layout programs

Sagaai is a 1966 Bollywood film starring Rajshree and Biswajeet. Plot Sheel (Rajshree) and Kailash's (Prem Chopra) marriage is planned by Sheel's father. But fate takes her into the arms of Rajesh Biswajeet, and they celebrate their engagement on Sheel's birthday. Rajesh meets with a car accident, conspired by Kailash, and is paralyzed waist down. Rai Sahebh refuses to acknowledge their engagement but Sheel adamantly leaves her home to be with the ailing Rajesh and marries him by Vedic rituals. She nurses him back to health, but is rudely preyed upon by Kailash, who wants to see the end of Rajesh. The film reflects upon the trails and travails of a woman whose husband is ill and paralyzed and she is desired by another man. A very beautiful dance number is performed by Sheel as Visha Kanya, very much before her life is thrown in such a turmoil. Cast Biswajit ... Rajesh Rajshree ... Sheel Prem Chopra ... Kailash Rehman ... Dr. Tandon Jayant ... Dwarkanath Raj Mehra ... Rai Sahib Raghu Prasad (Sheel's father) Durga Khote ... Sheel's mother Rajendra Nath ... Hariram 'Harry' Asit Sen ... Bansi Tun Tun ... Miss Anarkali Iftekhar ... Hospital Doctor Helen ... Dancer / Singer Soundtrack Music is composed by Ravi, while Rajinder Krishan wrote the songs. External links memsaabstory Category:1966 films Category:1960s Hindi-language films Category:Films scored by Ravi Category:Indian films

Dead Heat is a 1988 American buddy cop action zombie comedy film directed by Mark Goldblatt and starring Treat Williams and Joe Piscopo. The film is about an LAPD police officer who is murdered while attempting to arrest zombies who have been reanimated by the head of Dante Laboratories in order to carry out violent armed robberies, and decides to get revenge with the help of his former partner. Plot Detectives Roger Mortis and Doug Bigelow are called to the scene of a rather violent jewelry store robbery. The robbers take on a squadron of police in a messy shootout, but neither seem affected when they are riddled with bullets. Thanks to the combined, albeit extreme measures of Mortis and Bigelow, they are able to take out the criminals, their acts narrowly avoiding termination. Meanwhile, a coroner friend of Roger's, Rebecca informs the detectives that the two bodies they had brought in had previously been to the morgue: not only do they have autopsy scars, but she herself clearly remembers performing the autopsy and has pictures to prove it, suggesting they simply got up and left the morgue at their own volition. There is a preservative chemical compound found in the bodies that connect the pair of detectives to a company that had ordered a great amount of it recently. Mortis and Bigelow investigate and meet the company's head public relations person, Randi James who gives them a tour of the facility. When Doug wanders off to investigate a suspicious room, he encounters the reanimated corpse of a biker on a strange machine and in the fray, Roger is knocked into a decompression room used to humanely kill failed test animals and is asphyxiated to death. Encountering the machine, and realizing it is capable of bringing people back from the dead, Rebecca and Doug successfully bring Roger back from the dead. He says he feels fine, yet he has no heart beat and his skin is cold to the touch, Rebecca surmises he has about twelve hours before the reanimation process ends and he dissolves into a puddle of mush. Roger decides to take this time to find and exact his vengeance on the person who killed him. They go to Randi's house just shortly before she is attacked by two more undead thugs, which the partners are able to subdue. Randi says that she is the daughter of a rich industrialist, and the owner of the company she works for until his death, Arthur P. Laudermilk. The two of them pay another visit to Rebecca, who says that she might have found a way to keep Roger in healthy condition indefinitely, but the unsure nature of the theory has him decide to spend his final hours finding the man who killed him. He and Randi pay a visit to Laudermilk's tomb and Randi admits she's not his daughter, more a protégé or daughter he'd never had. While there, they encounter a numeric code, which Roger discovers later is a vital clue. Upon returning to Randi's home, they find Doug dead, having been suspended and drowned in a fish tank for some time. Randi tells Roger that she too is undead, having been one of Laudermilk's first test subjects for resurrection, shortly before abruptly dissolving while asking for Roger's forgiveness. Roger confronts the head coroner Dr. Ernest McNab who was indicated by the secret numeric code that Roger had found, but he turns the tables on Roger, capturing him, then locking him in an ambulance with Rebecca's dead body in order to wait out his last hour to dissolution. He releases the brakes on the ambulance and puts it in neutral, sending it careening down the highway into a massive collision, from which he emerges, even more zombified and scarred almost beyond recognition. He returns to the hospital where McNab and a resurrected Laudermilk are pitching the resurrection machine to a group of very rich clients. Mortis breaks in and the ensuing crossfire between him and McNab's men kill off most of the rich clients, leaving Laudermilk cowering in a corner. McNab reveals a test subject; Doug, resurrected from the machine. But because he's been dead for hours, the brain deterioration leaves him little more than an obedient zombie with no memory of who Roger is. Before he can obey McNab's orders to kill Mortis however, Roger manages to trigger Doug's short term memory and bring him back to normal. The pair go after McNab who immediately kills himself before they can do anything. Roger and Doug put McNab onto the resurrection table and resurrect him, but Doug starts the resurrection process again and it overloads, causing a screaming McNab to explode in the machine. Despite Laudermilk's pleas and promises of eternal life, the pair then destroy the machine completely, leaving the room pondering about the afterlife and reincarnation; Doug's fond wish of being reincarnated as a girl's bicycle seat intriguing the both of them. Roger says finally, "This could be the end of a beautiful friendship." Cast Treat Williams as Roger Mortis Joe Piscopo as Doug Bigelow Lindsay Frost as Randi James Darren McGavin as Doctor Ernest McNab Vincent Price as Arthur P. Loudermilk Clare Kirkconnell as Doctor Rebecca Smythers Keye Luke as Mr. Thule Robert Picardo as Lieutenant Herzog Mel Stewart as Captain Mayberry Professor Toru Tanaka as Butcher Martha Quinn as Newscaster Shane Black as Patrolman Beth Toussaint as Lab Technician Production According to The Hollywood Reporters chart from 1 September 1987, principal photography began on Dead Heat on 19 August 1987 in Southern California. The Los Angeles Times mentioned Darren Starr as a writer on the film along with Terry Black. The films credits only list Black as the screenwriter. Release Dead Heat opened in Los Angeles and New York on 6 May 1988. Reception Dead Heat received negative reviews from the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times. See also List of horror films of 1988 References External links Dead Heat review at SF, Horror and Fantasy Film Review Category:1988 horror films Category:1988 films Category:American comedy horror films Category:American films Category:American buddy films Category:American buddy cop films Category:New World Pictures films Category:American zombie comedy films Category:Buddy comedy films Category:1980s buddy cop films Category:American action comedy films Category:American action horror films Category:American science fiction horror films Category:American science fiction action films Category:1980s action films Category:1980s science fiction films Category:American science fiction comedy films Category:American films about revenge Category:1988 directorial debut films

En rachâchant is a 1982 short French film directed by Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub. Cast Olivier Straub as Ernesto Nadette Thinus as The Mom Bernard Thinus as The Dad Raymond Gérard as The Teacher References External links Category:1982 films Category:1980s short films Category:French films Category:French-language films Category:French black-and-white films Category:French short films Category:Films based on works by Marguerite Duras Category:Films directed by Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet

The CM-21 is an armoured vehicle designed and manufactured by the Republic of China Armoured Vehicle Development Center, based on the United States' model M113 APC. The first prototype was manufactured in 1979, and the CM-21 officially entered service in 1982. The CM-21 is still in use today, with over 1,000 units manufactured and a number of different variants. History At the end of 1967, the United States and the Republic of China (Taiwan) signed the Third-Nation Overhaul Program and began to repair US military equipment in Vietnam until the end of the Vietnam War. This allowed the RoC to accumulate experiences in the overhauling, welding, parts manufacturing, vehicle assembly, and testing of the M113 APC. In 1975, The Combined Logistics Command carried out the "Wan Cheng Program" (萬乘計劃), to domestically produce three M113 hulls using the aluminum alloy plates produced by the Taiwan Aluminum Corporation (known today as the Chinese Steel Aluminum Corporation). The Wan Cheng 1 was an imitation of the M106 mortar carrier, but the 4.2 inch rifled mortar was replaced with a larger Type 63 120 mm smoothbore mortar, and this innovation later became the CM-22 howitzer carrier. The Wan Cheng 2 is an attempt to create a light tank by moving the engine to the rear and lowering the front half of the hull to accommodate a M24 turret while keeping the vehicle from being top-heavy. The Wan Cheng 3 had mounted a "Worker Bees IV MLRS" (工蜂四型多管火箭), a Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS). The MLRS was later mounted on six more US made M113s. (An unrelated Wan Cheng 4 project involves one M48A1 tank re-fitted into a M48A5). The Wan Cheng Program provided a solid foundation for the design, manufacture and development of the CM-21 armoured vehicle. Design The standard version of CM-21 is an armoured personnel carrier (APC) that can carry up to 12 soldiers. It is largely the same as the basic M113 and inherits the same engine and transmission from the source design, but the welded aluminum alloy hull armour is further augmented with spaced armour at the front and the sides, the cavity within the spaced armour being filled with polyurethane to absorb the energy of incoming projectiles. Overall, the CM-21 is better protected than the M113, but the CM-21 is heavier than the M113 and has slightly inferior mobility. There are two firing ports on each side of the hull and one at the rear. Therefore, soldiers are sitting face to face in the front of the passenger compartment, and back to back in the rear. The CM-21 has floating capability, meaning it is able to cross water that is up to deep without preparation. There are two water pumps that are switched on to lower the front flap. It is propelled by its tracks while in water. Just like the M113, the CM-21 can also have external fuel tanks mounted on the rear. The basic armament of the CM-21 is one M2 Browning machine gun or an Mk 19 automatic grenade launcher, and a quad-mounted smoke grenade launcher on both sides of the front. A CM-21 is able carrying an M2 and an Mk 19 at the same time by using a bi-mounted gun rack. Variants CM-21 CM-21A1 The CM-21 models currently in service are CM-21A1. The CM-21 is still a basic Armoured Personnel Carrier, and it cannot be upgraded to the CM-21A2 Infantry Fighting Vehicle. Also, with the introduction of CM-32 wheeled Armoured Vehicle, it is more unlikely that the CM-21A1 will receive an upgrade. CM-21A2 CM-21A2 is a modified version of CM-21A1, inspired by the American M1132A2. The engine's intake has been modified to take air from the inside of the vehicle, rather than using exhausted gas, which reduces the crew's performance in combat. The side armour is also replaced with a net armour to protect the vehicle from anti tank weapons with shaped charges. CM-21A2 is predicted to be upgraded directly into an infantry fighting vehicle, and was tested with a French GIAT Dragar 25 mm gun turret, but it was not accepted; a simple command turret was also added for the testing. CM-22 Mortar Carrier CM-22 is a variant of CM-21 with a 107/ 120 mm mortar, very similar to the American M106 mortar carrier. CM-22 was developed in 1987 and was still in production in 1999, but the ammo rack is different with an M106 in the late version of CM-22, along with parts from CM-21 such as headlights. The passenger compartment is modified to carry mortar, and cancelled firing ports and spaced armour. The exterior of the CM-22 is basically the same as M106. CM-23 Mortar Carrier CM-23 is a variant of the CM-22 with an 81 mm mortar, identical to the American M125. CM-25 TOW Launcher CM-25 is a variant of the CM-21 which has the capability of firing TOW missiles, in order to engage armoured targets. The CM-25 has a modified passenger compartment to store TOW missiles, and has replaced the quad-mounted smoke grenade launcher with triple mounted ones. It also cancelled the firing ports and extended the spaced armour, but the protection of the CM-25 is not any stronger. The CM-25 is only operated by the Republic of China Marine Corps, while the Republic of China Army is still operating M113A1 TOW Launcher. The spaced armour of CM-25 is filled with polystyrene to increase buoyancy for the Marine Corps' amphibious operations. CM-26 Command Track CM-26 is a command track derived from the CM-22, and it is similar to the American M577. See also Design Timeline CM-11 TankCM-12 TankCM-21 Armoured VehicleCM-24 Ammo CarrierCM-31CM-32 Armoured Vehicle References Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of the Republic of China Category:Tracked armoured fighting vehicles

Events from the year 1911 in Scotland. Incumbents Monarch – George V Secretary for Scotland and Keeper of the Great Seal – John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland Law officers Lord Advocate – Alexander Ure Solicitor General for Scotland – William Hunter; then Andrew Anderson Judiciary Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Dunedin Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Kingsburgh Events 27 January – opening of Scottish Motor Exhibition in Edinburgh. March–April – eleven thousand workers at the Singer Manufacturing Co. sewing machine factory on Clydebank go on strike in solidarity with twelve female colleagues protesting against work process reorganisation; four hundred alleged ringleaders are dismissed. 2 May–4 November – Scottish Exhibition of National History, Art and Industry at Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow. 9 May – a fire at the Empire Palace Theatre in Edinburgh kills eleven people, including illusionist Sigmund Neuberger ("The Great Lafayette") and also his lion and horse; he is buried in Piershill Cemetery with his dog Beauty. 19 July – Thistle Chapel, designed by Robert Lorimer, dedicated in St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh. 24 July – start of Scottish leg of first Daily Mail Circuit of Britain air race, Hendon–Harrogate–Newcastle–Edinburgh–Stirling–Glasgow–Carlisle. 11 September – Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 10th Baronet, buys the ruined Duart Castle on the Isle of Mull to restore as the seat of the Clan Maclean. 16 October – new building for the Mitchell Library opened in Glasgow. The Pavilion opened at Ayr. Births 11 February – Alec Cairncross, economist (died 1998) 11 March – Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet, soldier, writer and politician (died 1996) 24 January – Muir Mathieson, film composer (died 1975) 14 May – Sir John Ritchie Inch, police Chief Constable (died 1993) 31 May – Leonard Boden, portrait painter (died 1999) 16 June – Bobby Ancell football player and manager (died 1987) 9 July – Brigadier Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat, Chief of Clan Fraser of Lovat and Commando (died 1995) 26 October – Sorley MacLean, poet (died 1996) 4 December – William Baxter, Labour MP for West Stirlingshire (1959–1974) (died 1979) Deaths 14 February – Eustace Balfour, architect (born 1854) 21 May – Williamina Fleming, astronomer, discoverer of the Horsehead Nebula (born 1857) 4 October – Joseph Bell, surgeon (born 1837) 11 December – William McGregor, football administrator and founder of the Football League (born 1846) Robert Hamilton Paterson, architect (born 1843) The arts Release of Rob Roy, the first British-made three-reel feature film, shot by the Scottish company United Films Ltd in studios at Rouken Glen on the edge of Glasgow and on location in Aberfoyle. Violet Jacob's historical novel Flemington is published. Harry Lauder writes the popular song "Roamin' In The Gloamin'". See also Timeline of Scottish history References Scotland Category:Years of the 20th century in Scotland Category:1910s in Scotland

Gajki (German: Uhlenhorst) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gryfino, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately south-east of Gryfino and south of the regional capital Szczecin. Before 1945 the area was part of Germany. The village has a population of 20. See also History of Pomerania. References Gajki

Dariusz Gajewski (born 3 December 1964, Częstochowa) is a Polish film director and screenwriter. He graduated from the National Film School in Łódź in 1993. He also studied law at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. His 2003 film Warszawa ("Warsaw") won the Golden Lions Award at the 28th Gdynia Film Festival. Between 2008–2016, he was the chairman of the Andrzej Munk Film Studio Młodzi i Film. Since 2016, he has served as deputy director of the Polish Filmmakers Association. In 2004, he married actress Agnieszka Grochowska. Filmography Nie bój, nie bój (1994) Utwór na chłopca i lampę (1996) Franciszek muzykant (1998) Anatol lubi podróże (1999) Stara muzyka (1999) Konwój (1999) Tu jest wszystko (2000) AlaRm (2002) Warszawa (2003) Lekcje pana Kuki (2007) Obce niebo (2015) Czas niedokończony. Wiersze księdza Jana Twardowskiego (2015) Legiony (2019) See also Polish cinema List of Poles References Category:Living people Category:1964 births Category:Polish film directors Category:Polish screenwriters Category:People from Częstochowa Category:National Film School in Łódź alumni

Finau Maka (born 10 July 1977) started his playing career for Auckland Rugby Union and NZ age group teams. He played over 50 games for Auckland NPC Team and the Hurricanes, Blues and Highlanders before leaving to play for the Stade Toulousain club in French Top 14. Whilst at Toulouse he helped them win the 2003 and 2005 Heineken Cups, as a replacement in 2003 and starting in the 2005 final. He played in two Rugby World Cups for Tonga and was one of the stars of the 2007 Rugby World Cup. In 2011 he led his country to beat France in the biggest upset in Rugby World Cup history. France went on to almost beat the All Blacks in the final. 2007 Rugby World Cup Maka made his international debut in the 2007 Rugby World Cup, in Tonga's first pool game against the United States of America. He opened the scoring with a try in the second minute. He went on to seal his spot as the first choice number 8 for Tonga against Samoa, South Africa and England. Boxing In 2014, Maka fought against David Letele for the Duco Event's Corporate World Title. The day before the fight at the weigh in both fighters got into a fight. Letele grabbed Maka on the throat pushing him back, Maka retaliated by tackling him to the ground, however the fight was broken off quickly. Maka lost by TKO in the first round. Professional boxing record | style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|0 Wins (0 knockouts, 0 decisions), 1 Losses (1 knockouts, 0 decisions), 0 Draws |- style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;" | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Res. | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Rd., Time | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location | style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes |- align=center |Loss |0–1 |align=left| David Letele | | | |align=left| |align=left| References External links Finau Maka player profile Scrum.com Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Tongan rugby union players Category:Expatriate rugby union players in France Category:Tonga international rugby union players Category:Pacific Islanders rugby union players Category:Stade Toulousain players Category:Tongan expatriate rugby union players Category:Expatriate rugby union players in New Zealand Category:Tongan expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand Category:Tongan expatriate sportspeople in France Category:People from Tongatapu Category:Rugby union flankers Category:Rugby union number eights

Alexandrov () is a town and the administrative center of Alexandrovsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located northeast of Moscow and has a population of It was previously known as Alexandrovskaya Sloboda. It operates on the EEST time zone, with the same time zone as Vladimir. History It was established in the mid-14th century and was known as Alexandrovskaya Sloboda (). It served as the capital of Russia for three months (from December 1564 to February 1565) under Tsar Ivan the Terrible until he agreed to return his court and the relics of Moscow which he had taken with him. Ivan agreed to return after the church gave him permission to found the Oprichnina. It was granted town status in 1778. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Alexandrov serves as the administrative center of Alexandrovsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Alexandrov is incorporated within Alexandrovsky Municipal District as Alexandrov Urban Settlement. Sister city Česká Lípa, Czech Republic Compton, California, United States References Notes Sources External links Official website of Alexandrov Unofficial website of Alexandrov Category:Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast

The Gallery Golf Club is located east of Marana, Arizona, northwest of Tucson at Dove Mountain. The two 18-hole courses are approximately seven miles east of Interstate 10 at an average elevation of 2875 feet (850 m) above sea level. The Ritz-Carlton Dove Mountain sits to the Northwest. The Gallery North Course is ranked #1 in Southern Arizona by Golf Digest and is acknowledged as one of Golfweeks Top 100 Modern Courses. The Gallery South Course opened in December 2003 and was nominated as one of Golf Digests 100 Best. It is best known for hosting the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship, in 2007 and 2008. The Gallery is notable for having the longest par 5 in North America; the ninth hole is measured at a length of 725 yards. WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship winners at The Gallery 2008 Tiger Woods 2007 Henrik Stenson The Gallery is still the only Facility in Arizona where Tiger Woods has won an event as a Professional. Ownership From its inception in 1998 until 2016, The Gallery Golf Club was owned and developed by members of the MacMillan family (descendants of the Cargill family). The club was sold to Escalante Golf, Inc. in December 2016. References External links Gallery Golf.com - official site World Golf Championships.com - official site 2002 aerial photo (no south course) & topographic map from USGS via Microsoft Research Maps Category:Golf clubs and courses in Arizona Category:Buildings and structures in Pima County, Arizona Category:Tourist attractions in Pima County, Arizona

Pont is a hamlet in Cornwall, England. Pont is about half a km north of Lanteglos-by-Fowey churchtown and east of Pont Pill. References Category:Hamlets in Cornwall

Thomas Alfred Royds Littledale (2 April 1850 – 4 December 1938) was a British sailor who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the British boat Mouchette, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class. References External links Category:1850 births Category:1938 deaths Category:British male sailors (sport) Category:Olympic sailors of Great Britain Category:Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain Category:Olympic medalists in sailing Category:Sailors at the 1908 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre Category:Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics

Toran Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was the first police chief of Nepal Police after its establishment in the year 2007 B.S. However, he only remained chief for a short duration of three days., He was succeeded by Nara Shumsher J.B.R. as the police chief. He also served as the Royal Nepalese Army's Commander-in-Chief from 1956–1960. He was later succeeded by Gen Nir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana who later on became field marshal. Biography Toran Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was born in 1904 A.D at the Hattisar Durbar, son of Commanding Colonel Indra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana and Grandson of the late H.H Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, the 11th Prime Minister of Nepal. References Category:Nepalese police officers Category:Chiefs of police Category:Inspectors General of Police (Nepal) Category:1904 births Category:Year of death unknown

Robert Carlsson (born September 29, 1977) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently with the Södertälje SK team in the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan league. With the exception of an 18-game loan to Nyköpings Hockey in 1998 and the 2011-12 season played with the Malmö Redhawks, Carlsson has spent his entire career with Södertälje SK, including 463 regular season games played in the Swedish Elitserien. References External links Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Malmö Redhawks players Category:Södertälje SK players Category:Swedish ice hockey left wingers

Burritt College was a college located in Spencer, Tennessee, United States. Established in 1848, it was one of the first coeducational institutions in the South, and one of the first state-chartered schools in south-central Tennessee. Operating under the auspices of the Churches of Christ, the school offered a classical curriculum, and stressed adherence to a strict moral and religious code. While the school thrived under the leadership of presidents such as William Davis Carnes (1850–1858, 1872–1878) and William Newton Billingsley (1890–1911), it struggled to compete for students after the establishment of state colleges and public high schools in the early 20th century, and was forced to close in 1939. History The idea for a school in Spencer was first proposed by Nathan Trogdon, a brick mason who had built the second Van Buren County Courthouse in the town. By the late 1840s, a 12-member board of trustees had been formed with Charles Gillentine as president. In 1848, the Tennessee General Assembly passed a law chartering the institution, which was named in honor of activist Elihu Burritt. Funds for the school were raised from among the residents of White, Warren, and Van Buren counties. When classes began on February 26, 1849, the college had an enrollment of 73 students and employed three teachers. The first president of the college, Isaac Newton Jones, was a graduate of Irving College in nearby McMinnville. He established the college's curriculum, but left after only one year. His successor, William Davis Carnes, played a critical role in shaping the college's policies, most notably introducing coeducation in 1850 and instituting a strict moral and religious code. The policy allowing coeducation met staunch opposition at first, but Carnes defended it, stating, "It is God's law that the young of the opposite sexes should exert a healthful influence in the formation of each other's characters, and no place is better suited to this purpose than the classroom and lecture room." To alleviate fears, Carnes modified the school's code to bar all communication between the sexes outside classrooms or other supervised events. Carnes' moral code barred swearing, gambling, smoking and drinking. He struggled to curtail drinking, however, in spite of introducing increasingly stringent measures, including the expulsion of anyone caught in possession of alcoholic beverages. He finally turned to local law enforcement, pleading with them to hunt down moonshiners operating in the Spencer area, and destroy their stills. In an apparent act of retaliation, the president's house and the girls' dormitory were burned in 1857. Disgusted, Carnes resigned to become president at East Tennessee University (the modern University of Tennessee). He was succeeded by John Powell, who had been president of the Central Female Institute in McMinnville. The college closed at the outset of the Civil War in 1861 as many of its male students left to fight in the Confederate army. The college's relative isolation protected it during the first half of the war, though it was eventually occupied by Union troops. With the help of Carnes, who had returned to the area to escape the horrors of the war, the school briefly reopened in 1864. It was forced to close by the Union Army, however, due to concerns over Confederate guerrilla activity in the area. The Union Army occupants used the main hall as a barracks, and dormitories were converted into stables. The campus grounds were trampled and damaged, and the buildings were left in a state of ruin. At the end of the war, the college's trustees sold part of its campus to raise funds for repairs. With Carnes' help, the school managed to reopen shortly after the close of the war. Martin White, a Burritt graduate remembered by students for having walked the entire distance from his home in North Carolina to Spencer to enroll at the school, was hired as president. Carnes was rehired as president in 1872. During the 1870s, Thomas Wesley Brents, a physician who had recently relocated to Spencer, offered his assistance to Burritt, and began raising money for the college. With his help, the campus more than doubled in size, and a new administration building was constructed. However, Brents demanded he be made president. This angered Carnes, who resigned in 1878, allowing Brents to take over. During his four-year tenure, Brents increased the college's enrollment and overhauled its curriculum. By the time he had resigned in 1882, however, enrollment had started to decline. In subsequent years, the school struggled financially, and was finally forced to close in 1889. The Board of Trustees considered selling the college's campus, but ultimately decided to reopen the school. In hopes of reviving the college, the Board hired a Burritt graduate, William Newton Billingsley, as president. Billingsley stabilized the college's finances, and managed to increase enrollment to over two hundred students by the end of the decade. In 1897, the college reported an annual income of $25,000, 164 students, 10 teachers, and three thousand books. The early 1900s were among the most prosperous in the school's history, as enrollment never dipped below 200 during this period. On March 5, 1906, the college's main building was destroyed by fire. At a meeting the following day, the college's administrators and students agreed to finish the year and make plans to rebuild. Classes were held at the campus church and in private residences until the end of the term. The college was closed for several months while a new building was constructed. In spite of fundraising struggles, the new building was completed in 1907. Burritt again suffered with enrollment issues following the departure of Billingsley in 1911, due in part to the opening of two state normal schools in the region: Middle Tennessee State in Murfreesboro and Tennessee Polytechnic Institute (modern Tennessee Tech) in Cookeville. The Board struggled to find a permanent president until the hiring of Henry Eugene Scott in 1918. During the 1920s, Scott overhauled the curriculum to bring it more in line with that of a typical preparatory school and junior college, offering courses in agriculture, typing, bookkeeping, and teacher training, as well as high school courses. By the 1930s, Burritt had become dependent on the Van Buren County school board for much of its funding. When the school board decided to build a county high school in 1936, Burritt was no longer able to compete for students. It finally closed in 1939. List of presidents Isaac Newton Jones, 1849–1850 William Davis Carnes, 1850–1858 John Powell, 1858–1861 Martin White, 1867–1870 John Powell, 1870–1872 William Davis Carnes, 1872–1878 Thomas Wesley Brents, 1878–82 Aaron Tillman Seitz, 1882–1886 A.G. Thomas, 1886–1887 William Howard Sutton, 1887–1889 William Newton Billingsley, 1890–1911 White Solomon Graves, 1911–1915 Harvey Denson, 1915–1916 Henry Baker Walker, 1916–1917 White Solomon Graves, 1917–1918 Henry Eugene Scott, 1918–1939 Curriculum Throughout the 19th century, Burritt College provided a classical education, with a core that focused on sciences, philosophy, classical languages, and mastery of the English language. The college held session for two 21-week terms (Fall and Spring) per year. Students were required take at least three, but no more than four, classes per term. Students who completed the curriculum were awarded with a Bachelor of Arts or a Master of Arts. During its early decades the college was divided into two departments: the "academical" and the "collegiate." Students in the academical department were required to take Latin, mathematics, geography, spelling, writing and history during their first year, with Greek and English composition added in the second. Students in the collegiate department were to take courses in Latin, Greek and mathematics during the first three years, and chemistry, geology, political and moral philosophy, astronomy, "evidences of Christianity," and criticism during their senior year. Electives included French, German, drawing and painting, music, and needlework and embroidery. Anatomy, physiology, botany, and gymnastics were added to the curriculum during the Brents administration. Bible classes were added to the curriculum in the 1910s. By the 1920s, the curriculum focused on more practical trades such as teacher training, bookkeeping, typing, and agriculture. A typical day during the Carnes and Powell administrations began at 5 A.M., with students initially preparing their rooms for inspection. This was followed by a one-hour study period and a half-hour devotional in the main hall. Classes and recitations were held throughout the remainder of the day, which ended with another half-hour devotional. Students were required to engage in private study for two hours during the evening. Daily chapel attendance was initially mandatory, but this was no longer the case by the 1890s. Students were also required to engage in 30 minutes of calisthenics per day. Extracurricular activities initially focused on the college's two literary societies: the Philomathesian, founded in 1851, and the Calliopean, founded in 1878. Both societies possessed thousand-volume libraries, and engaged in weekly debates. Athletic programs were eventually added. By the 1920s, Burritt was competing with other regional schools and clubs in baseball, basketball, football, and tennis. The program included women's teams in basketball and tennis. Location It was located in primarily rural area, and at first an unincorporated area. The town of Spencer wasn't incorporated until 1909. The town lacked railroad access for most of Burritt's history. A catalog for the college from the early 1900s notes that the nearest railroad station was at Doyle, roughly to the north. The campus's location atop the rugged western Cumberland Plateau affected its culture. A walking trail connected the campus to a cliff at the edge of the Plateau known as "Lover's Leap." Burritt students occasionally took hiking trips to nearby Fall Creek Falls, which they simply called "Big Falls." The Burritt campus covered around 10 acres at the end of the Civil War, but had expanded to 25 acres by the 1880s. It initially included an administration building, dormitories for men and women, a chapel, and a presidential house. In 1878, the college constructed a new three-story, seventeen-room administration building that featured an by recitation hall. After this building burned in 1906, it was replaced by a building of similar size (three stories and eighteen rooms), but lacking exterior adornments. In the 1920s, the college added a two-story, 36-room building known as "Billingsley Hall," a gymnasium, and a new presidential house. Burritt's rustic stone entrance gate, which contains the college's name and charter date (1848), still stands facing College Street (TN-30) in Spencer. The old administration building is also still standing. The Burritt Alumni Museum and the Burritt Memorial Library, both of which are open to the public, are now located on the former Burritt campus. Notable alumni Foster V. Brown, U.S. congressman Charles Dickens Clark, U.S. district court judge Andrew Jackson Clements, U.S. congressman Joe H. Eagle, U.S. congressman Thomas A. Kercheval, state legislator and Nashville mayor John W. Preston, California state supreme court justice References External links Category:Defunct universities and colleges in Tennessee Category:Educational institutions established in 1848 Category:Educational institutions disestablished in 1939 Category:1848 establishments in Tennessee Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Churches of Christ Category:Van Buren County, Tennessee

This list of lists may include both lists that distinguish between ethnic origin and religious practice, and lists that make no such distinction. Some of the constituent lists also may have experienced additions and/or deletions that reflect incompatible approaches in this regard. By type List of converts to Judaism List of European Jewish nobility List of fictional Jews List of former Jews List of Jewish biblical figures List of Jewish Nobel laureates List of Karaite Jews List of LGBT Jews List of Sephardic Jews Lists of Jews associated with literature and journalism By occupation or activity in Judaism List of Jewish Kabbalists List of Jewish mysticism scholars List of Jews in religion List of High Priests of Israel List of Jewish atheists and agnostics List of rabbis By secular occupation or activity List of Jewish anarchists List of Jewish astronauts List of Jewish chess players List of Jewish economists List of Jewish feminists List of Jewish historians List of Jewish mathematicians List of Jewish scientists and philosophers List of Jewish United States Supreme Court justices List of Jews in politics List of Jews in sports List of Jews in the performing arts List of Jewish actors List of Jewish musicians Lists of Jews associated with the visual arts By country Lists of American Jews List of African-American Jews List of Jews from the Arab world List of Asian Jews List of Canadian Jews List of Caribbean Jews List of East European Jews List of French Jews List of Galician (Eastern Europe) Jews List of Jews from Sub-Saharan Africa List of Latin American Jews List of Mexican Jews List of North European Jews List of Oceanian Jews List of South-East European Jews List of West European Jews See also Crypto-Judaism

Jamie Huw Roberts (born 8 November 1986) is a Welsh rugby union player. He has played for Wales since 2008, and has represented the British and Irish Lions on their tours to South Africa in 2009 and Australia in 2013. Roberts is currently playing for Stormers in Super Rugby. His usual position is centre. He is a qualified doctor, and is studying for a MPhil in Medical Science at Queens' College, Cambridge. He is a fluent Welsh speaker. Career Early career Roberts represented Wales at all levels between Under 16s and Under 19s, and once again for the Under 21s. He was part of the Under 21s team which won the Six Nations Grand Slam in 2005. During the 2005–06 season, he represented Cardiff RFC. He played eleven times and scored five tries. In the 2006–07 season, he picked up a shoulder injury but recovered to play 17 times and score 10 tries for his amateur club. 2007–2008 Rise In Cardiff Blues Ranks With players away at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, Roberts was called up to play for the Cardiff Blues, making his debut against the Ospreys. The Blues won 17–15 in the first Magners League match to have a video referee. In the next two matches against the Dragons and Glasgow Warriors, he scored three tries, one against the former and two against the latter. This form led to continual selection for the Blues and led to selection in the Welsh squad for the Six Nations. 2008 Six Nations Although he was widely tipped to start the first match against England, Roberts was left out of the lineup. But Roberts made his debut against Scotland the next week. Starting on the wing, Roberts impressed with his hard running as Wales triumphed 30–15. He seemed to have booked his place in the team for the rest of the tournament. But Roberts was left out for the next match against Italy, with Mark Jones beating him to the number 14 jersey. Jones remained in that position for the rest of the tournament. Wales claimed their second grand slam in four years. 2008 Summer Tour of South Africa Roberts was included in the squad for the summer tour test series in South Africa. Due to an injury to Lee Byrne, Roberts started the match at full back. Despite Wales putting in a disappointing display, Roberts collected his first test try. He was replaced by Morgan Stoddart, who gifted two tries due to missed tackles. Wales lost the match 43–17. Roberts was again selected the following week, but in an unfamiliar position of inside centre. He had never played in that position before. Wales lost 37–21 with two infringements by Roberts leading to points for the South Africans. Wales lost the series 2–0, Roberts would stay in this position throughout his career. 2008–2009 2008 Autumn Tests After the game against South Africa, Blues coach Dai Young gave Roberts a chance in the position and he was named in the Welsh squad for the Autumn Internationals. For the first match against The Springboks, Roberts was selected at outside centre in a fourth new position for Wales in as many tests. He would be moved to inside centre as Gavin Henson pulled out with an injury and Tom Shanklin moved to outside centre. Wales lost the game 20–15., with Roberts having a quiet game on his 22nd birthday. Roberts was then named on the bench for the match against The Canucks. Wales won 34–13 with Roberts appearing as substitute., Roberts then returned for the match with The All Blacks. He played a better role in this with his crash ball getting over the gainline more. Wales lost the game though 29–9. He was once again selected at inside centre for the match against Australia, but Roberts collided with Aussie skipper Stirling Mortlock in the second minute of the game. Mortlock was immediately replaced but Roberts initially played on and was crucial in the build-up to Shane Williams' opening Wales try but the 22-year-old was later replaced by Andrew Bishop in the 18th minute. Wales finally claimed a victory over a southern hemisphere team, winning 21–18. After the game Roberts was rushed into hospital with a suspected fractured skull. This was later confirmed and he would be out for two months. 2009 Six Nations Roberts returned to the Blues setup two months later and played in the 14-man Blues victory away to Gloucester which saw the Blues become the fifth team to win all their games in the Heineken Cup group stage. Roberts was then selected in the Welsh squad for the 2009 Six Nations Tournament. For the opening match against The Scots, Roberts was once again selected to play outside centre for the first time with Gavin Henson inside him, but Henson pulled out with another injury. Roberts played an instrumental game, winning a man of the match award in the 26–13 win. He was again selected for the match against England. This time he was better marshalled with England flanker Joe Worsley man marking him for the entire game as Wales won 23–15. Roberts played again at 12 for the game against France. This time he was kept quiet and was replaced midway through the second half by Gavin Henson. Wales lost 21–15. For the third time, Roberts was selected at outside centre with Gavin Henson, and he finally played with him. But the combination didn't go as well as it was tipped to be with Roberts barely touching the ball the whole match. Wales won 20–15 but not by the amount they were hoping for, as they were looking to increase their points difference for the final round. Roberts was put on the bench for the tournament decider against Ireland. He came on just before halftime as Lee Byrne was injured. Roberts failed to match Brian O'Driscoll, who scored a try, as Ireland claimed victory 17–15 to win the Grand Slam for the first time in 61 years. End-of-season form Despite the disappointing end to the Six Nations, Roberts continued to play well for the Blues as they won the EDF Energy Cup with a 50–12 win over Gloucester. On 21 April 2009, Roberts was named as a member of the British and Irish Lions for the 2009 tour to South Africa. He was one of six Blues selected. The Blues also made it into the Heineken Cup semi-finals thanks to a win over Toulouse. But they lost in a penalty shoot-out against Leicester Tigers after the match was drawn 26–26. Roberts scored a try and set up another try. 2009 Lions Tour of South Africa Warm-up matches Before the tour, Roberts was in contention for the inside centre role. Roberts was selected to play in the opening match of the tour, against the Royal XV. He was partnered by Keith Earls in the centre. Despite a dour display from the Lions, Roberts held his own in the altitude and along with Lee Byrne and Tommy Bowe made an early claim for the test spot in the 37–25 win. In the same game, Flutey came on but picked up an injury ruling him out for a week and a half. This meant that Roberts was selected once again for the match against the Golden Lions, this time partnered with Brian O'Driscoll. He scored two tries and made several breaks, which gave the selectors thoughts about a test partnership with O'Driscoll as the Lions won 74–10. He was then left out of the next game against the Free State Cheetahs, as the Lions scraped victory 26–24. Roberts was once again selected in the centre with O'Driscoll for the next match against the . There were also signs of concerns as he hurt his shoulder and had to have strapped at the end but coach Ian McGeechan played down any injury worries, saying that it was just bruising. The Lions won 39–3.Riki Flutey was then given his first start against Western Province, but failed to impress. First test Roberts, as expected, was named in the centre with O'Driscoll for the first test match in Durban. The Lions lost the first test narrowly 26–21, despite outscoring them three tries to two. In the game Roberts released his partner to set up the first try for Tom Croft. He made a tandem tackle with O'Driscoll on winger JP Pietersen, knocking him back 20 metres. However, his performance was not enough for the Lions to win despite a late comeback. His partnership with O'Driscoll was touted as one of the Lions' best centre partnerships ever. Second test Roberts was selected again with O'Driscoll in the centre for the match at Loftus Versfeld. This was significant for Roberts because it was where he had played his first test in the centre (and also his first ever match at centre). He had a quieter game and never missed a tackle. But it wasn't enough for the Lions as they went down 28–25 to last minute Morné Steyn penalty from 53 metres out. This gave the Springboks an unassailable 2–0 lead in the series, to give them revenge for the 1997 defeat that the Boks had suffered to the Lions. They also outscored the Lions three tries to one with JP Pietersen, Bryan Habana and Jacque Fourie all scoring. Rob Kearney scored the Lions try. Roberts was taken off in 69th minute due to a sprained wrist and replaced by Ronan O'Gara. This proved costly as O'Gara missed a tackle which led to Fourie's try and conceded the penalty which Steyn kicked. Roberts wasn't the only one to pick up an injury. Props Gethin Jenkins (broken cheekbone), Adam Jones (dislocated shoulder) and centre partner Brian O'Driscoll (concussion) all picking up injuries. This led to uncontested scrums, which favoured the Springboks as they were being destroyed. This is what many believed to be the difference. This next day, coach Ian McGeechan announced that both props Jenkins and Jones would miss the final test and Roberts and O'Driscoll were major doubts. The following Monday, it was announced that O'Driscoll would be flying home but Roberts along with Tommy Bowe, would most likely play in the final test. But when the team was announced, Roberts' place was taken by Riki Flutey with Tommy Bowe in the outside centre. They said that he hadn't quite recovered. The Lions would go on to win 28–9 in the final test against a new look Springbok team, but the series was still lost 2–1. Roberts was selected as the Lions Player of the Series. 2009–2010 September – October (Magners League & Heineken Cup) After the Lions tour, Roberts, along with all the other Lions would be given a five-week break from the sport. Dafydd James said that it was a good thing. This was coming from his personal experience from being injured after being rushed back into rugby from the tour. Roberts would return to regional training with the Blues in late September or early October. And despite having become a well-known figure on the Lions tour, Roberts would also face stiff competition for a centre spot from new signings Casey Laulala and Gavin Evans alongside Dafydd Hewitt, who was returning from a long term injury. The Blues lost their opening two matches to Edinburgh and Munster, with Roberts being rested. He then returned for the match with Connacht but only lasted till halftime with an ankle injury forcing him off. The Blues lost again 18–16. The following Monday, Roberts was cleared to play in the game against the Scarlets in the first Welsh derby of the season. But he was once again forced off before halftime, this time with a neck injury. The Blues claimed their first victory of the season 19–15. But Roberts would be ruled out for ten days with the neck injury meaning he would miss the game against Glasgow Warriors, which the Blues would lose 21–5. Having lost 4 of the 5 games going into the Heineken Cup opener against Harlequins, Roberts returned to partner Tom Shanklin in the centre. The Blues claimed a 20–6 victory. Roberts set up the opening try for Tom James, as well as getting over the gainline, and also booting a 70-metre kick before halftime. The Blues then took on the Sale Sharks the following week. They lost 27–26 in a close game. Next up was the Ospreys in the biggest attendance at their new stadium. Roberts and Tom Shanklin were very good in defence. The Welsh squad was named the next day, with Roberts included. 2009 Autumn Internationals For the first game New Zealand, despite speculation he would be playing at 13, outside James Hook, he was retained at 12 partnering Tom Shanklin in the centre with Hook averting to full back. Wales ended up losing 19–12 in a thrilling encounter. The centre partnership with Shanklin lacked creativity meaning Roberts was expected to move 13 with Hook coming in at 12. For the game against Samoa, the partnership was retained with Hook remaining at full back. Roberts had a quiet game and Samoa pushed Wales all the way and nearly repeated the shock victories of the 1991 and 1999 Rugby World Cup's. But Wales held out for a 17–13 victory. Once again creativity was lacking until Tom Shanklin was replaced by Jonathan Davies. This was seen as the probable partnership for the game against Argentina although some were calling for James Hook to come in at 12 after making several breaks. On the Monday before the match, it was revealed that Tom Shanklin had broken his nose and would therefore miss the game against the Pumas. With Gatland keen to keep Hook at full back, Jonathan Davies was brought in, incidentally at 12, with Roberts shifting to outside centre for the second time in the red jersey. This was to give Roberts extra space to make the hard yards. Wales claimed victory by 33–16. Roberts was then named in the Barbarians squad along with two other Cardiff Blues players Andy Powell and Leigh Halfpenny. But attention wasn't on that for the moment as he was put under the spotlight and was told to have a big game in the final match of the series against Australia. Once again Roberts was selected at 13 with Davies at 12 despite Shanklin returning from injury. Roberts was the only player to make any headway as Wales were crushed 33–12 in their worst performance in Warren Gatland's reign. Roberts was then given a start for the Barbarians match against the All Blacks with Jaque Fourie partnering him in the centre. It would be seen as a chance to redeem himself after a disappointing international series. Roberts was finally given the chance to prove his worth with an instrumental performance as the Baa-baas claimed only their second ever win over the New Zealand by 25 points to 18. Roberts made breaks and combined superbly. This proved the critics that he wasn't lacking form but that Wales needed someone to give the opportunity to shine. December – January (Magners League & Heineken Cup) Roberts was selected for the Heineken Cup match against Toulouse in Cardiff. The Blues won 15–9 in a lacklustre match. In another lacklustre match, Toulouse claimed a 23–7 win, a blow to the Blues' quarter final hopes. He then played in the 42–13 win over rivals the Dragons. He also picked up a shoulder injury in this match and would miss the second derby match against the Ospreys. The understrength Blues were hammered 26–0. On 5 January 2010, Roberts signed a new contract with the Blues that would keep him at the region until at least 2013. After playing well in Blues 36–19 win over Sale Sharks, the Blues faced the probability of being knocked out of the Heineken Cup. And if they did not get a result against Harlequins, they would be knocked out of Europe altogether, and not be included in the European Challenge Cup. Roberts was also facing competition for his Welsh jersey, with James Hook and Andrew Bishop forming an excellent centre partnership at the Ospreys. But the Blues ended their Heineken Cup on a high note by beating Harlequins, 45–20, with Roberts hitting back at the critics with two tries, his first of the season. And although they were knocked out of the Heineken Cup, they did qualify for the Challenge Cup, by finishing second in their group. 2010 Six Nations There was plenty of competition for a place in the centres, with Roberts, James Hook, Andrew Bishop and Jonathan Davies all looking capable of doing a good job. There was also a dilemma over Lee Byrne, who was set to be banned for the England game, meaning Hook would play at full back again, even though the Welsh public were demanding for him to be played in the centre position. Lee Byrne overturned his ban and Roberts and Hook were selected in the centres with Roberts returning to his natural position of 12, having played two games at his less favoured position of 13 in the autumn. Roberts and Hook combined well, and Hook scored a superb individual try but they did not get enough of the ball as Wales lost 30–17, despite a strong fight back. They were again paired together for the match against Scotland. Roberts had an excellent game making several breaks. Wales were not as impressive but completed a comeback to defeat the Scots 31–24, having been 24–14 down with five minutes to go. The backline for Wales was retained in the following match against France, the second ever Friday night Six Nations match. Roberts and Hook managed to combine very well throughout the match but could not capitalise on their opportunities. France ended up winning 26–20 despite an excellent Welsh comeback, after scoring two interception tries in the first half to go up 20–0. Roberts played again against Ireland against Brian O'Driscoll, the man he partnered in the centre for the Lions. Ireland claimed a convincing victory 27–12. Once again, Roberts and Hook played in the centres in the final match against Italy. Wales won 33–10 with the pair combining well as Hook scored two tries. Gatland said after the match, that despite the two playing well, it would take possibly up to 12 months for them to become a great centre partnership. April – May (Magners League & Amlin Challenge Cup) Roberts returned to the Blues a couple weeks after the Six Nations in their 19–9 win over Ulster. This was a warm-up for their next against Newcastle Falcons in the Amlin Challenge Cup. The Blues romped home to win 55–20 with Roberts claiming a try. He then produced a man of the match display against the Scarlets in the Magners League, scoring two tries and setting up another in a comfortable 39–16 win over the west Wales region. This ended the Scarlets hopes of a spot in the Heineken Cup. Roberts then played in the 20–14 win over the Dragons at Rodney Parade. Next came London Wasps in the Amlin Challenge Cup semi final. The Blues claimed victory to move into the final against Toulon on 23 May. But before this, he played in the 13–12 victory over Munster, scoring a try. Next came the Amlin Final. The Blues claimed a victory by 28 points to 21, becoming the first Welsh team to win silverware in Europe. Roberts scored a try and caused trouble for the Toulon midfield defence. 2010 June Tests (Prince William Cup & Tour of New Zealand) Roberts was selected for the Welsh squad to go on tour to New Zealand and to take on South Africa on 5 June. It looked as if he would partner Andrew Bishop with James Hook take the tour off as he headed for shoulder surgery. But Hook delayed it by a week to play the Springboks and partnered Roberts for the sixth time in a row. In a decent match, Wales lost 31–34. Roberts had a great game combining excellently with Hook, getting over gainline a lot and putting in some decent tackles. This was not enough as Wales were outmuscled at the breakdown. Roberts was then partnered with Andrew Bishop in the centre for the first test against the All Blacks. Roberts was once again in defence, and made some breaks but it was again in vain as Wales were outmuscled by New Zealand going down 42–9 in the final ever test in Carisbrook. Roberts was taken off in the 69th minute with a shoulder injury but was deemed fine to play in the next test. His centre partner Bishop however picked up a hand injury, ruling him out of the next test. He was replaced by Jonathan Davies who played in the number 13 jersey. Wales lost the second test 29–10 but put in a slightly improved display. Roberts had another decent game once again putting in brutal tackles, making loads of tackle busts and breaks and got his 2nd test try as reward, Wales' first test try since 2006 against the All Blacks. He could have had another one but was held up over the line. 2010–2011 Wrist Surgery Coming back from the tour of New Zealand, Roberts required wrist surgery. It was an injury that he had picked up on the 2009 Lions Tour in the second test and had been an ongoing problem. The surgery would rule him out until Christmas. Roberts though was positive about the surgery saying it would give him time to recuperate before the 2011 Rugby World Cup. He later stated that he hoped to knock the return date down by a month or two. On 6 December, Roberts was cleared to play in the Heineken Cup matches against Northampton Saints, a few weeks earlier than expected. Roberts tweeted, '"Just had my appointment with the wrist surgeon. I walked out feeling like a kid at Christmas. Return to the playing field imminent." 2011 Six Nations Roberts returned for the Blues and was subsequently called up to the Six Nations squad. He was named at number 13 with Jonathan Davies at number 12 for the first game against England. He had a very quiet game only touching the ball 5 times. Wales lost 19-26 in a gripping encounter. He was retained for the game against Scotland with instructions to look for the ball against the Scots as Wales claimed a 24-6 victory. Davies was then ruled of the next match against Italy, so James Hook was moved to 13 and Roberts to 12. He had the same effect making some neat runs and some brutal hits, notably on Sergio Parisse, the Italian captain. Wales claimed victory 24-16. Davies then returned for the match against Ireland, with Roberts going back to 13. Wales claimed victory by 19 to 13, after a controversial try by Mike Phillips. The win kept Wales' championship hopes alive going into their final game against France. He was once again selected in a retained cetntre pairing but Wales were crushed by France 28-9, to end championship hopes and finish fourth. 2011–2012 2011 Rugby World Cup Warm-Ups Roberts was named in the preliminary 45-man World Cup squad which would attend to training camps in Spala, Poland. These were described as being ferocious. Jamie was then named in the Welsh starting line-up for the opening World Cup Warm-Up match against England at Twickenham, partnering Jonathan Davies in the centres to win his 30th Welsh cap. A Welsh team lost 23-19 to England with Roberts having a strong game. Roberts was then selected for the return fixture against England. He once again had a strong game running and tackling but picked up a yellow card for repeated ruck infringements. Wales claimed a 19-9 win - a huge confidence boost for the world cup. Roberts then started against Argentina, the final warm-up game which Wales won comfortably 28-13. The following Monday he was included in the Welsh squad to travel to New Zealand for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. 2011 Rugby World Cup Roberts was selected at 12 for the opening match of the Rugby World Cup against which was lost 17-16. He was selected at 12 again, in an unchanged XV for the game against Samoa which Wales won 17-10. Roberts was not selected for the match with Namibia. But he returned for the match against Fiji, where he scored two tries, in a 66-0 win against the Pacific Island team. Wales would then face Ireland in the first quarter final with Roberts face up to old Lions centre partner Brian O'Driscoll. Wales won 22-10 to move into the semi finals for the first time since 1987. Wales would then lose their respective semi final 8-9 to France after skipper Sam Warburton was red carded in the 18th minute for a tip tackle. Roberts had a superb game however, carrying hard throughout. Wales finished the tournament with an 18-21 loss in the third place play-off against Australia. Roberts was hailed for his performances in the tournament as one of Wales' best players. 2012 Six Nations Roberts was named in the Wales squad for the 2012 Six Nations Championship, starting all five games as Wales achieved their third Grand Slam in eight years. Roberts played all five games at inside centre and, apart from missing most of the second half of the match versus England, played every minute of the Welsh campaign. Roberts scored one try in Wales' 24-3 defeat of Italy. 2012–2013 2012 Autumn Internationals Wales fared badly in the 2012 Autumn internationals, losing all 4 of their games against Argentina, Australia, New Zealand and Samoa. But Roberts was a stand-out performer playing 3 games in the series in his usual inside centre position. 2013 Six Nations Wales were crowned 2013 Six Nations champions despite losing 22-30 at home to Ireland in the opening game. Roberts was central to this success, starting all 5 games including a famous 30-3 demolition over England at the Millennium Stadium in the final game, denying England a Grand Slam in the process. 2013 British and Irish Lions tour to Australia Roberts was selected for 2013 Lions tour down under and started in the decisive 3rd and final test at the ANZ Stadium in Sydney, where he scored the final try in the 41-16 demolition. Final season at Cardiff Blues Roberts played 12 games and scored 2 tries during his final season at Cardiff Blues, a record restricted by international demands and injury. 2013–2014 Racing 92 In July 2013, he signed for Racing Métro (now known as Racing 92) in the French Top 14. Roberts played 16 games and scored once during his first season at the Parisian club, his appearances were restricted by an injury which also caused him to miss the 2013 Autumn series. 2014 Six Nations Wales won 3 games during the 2014 Six Nations Championship with Roberts starting all 5 games. Wales victories included a 51-3 thrashing of Scotland in which Roberts scored two tries and a convincing 27-6 victory over France. Roberts also played two summer tests for Wales against South Africa, scoring a try in the narrow 31-30 second test defeat in Nelspruit. 2014–2015 Roberts started all 4 games of Wales's 2014 Autumn campaign, including the victories over Fiji and South Africa, earning many plaudits in the process for his strong performances. He played in all 5 of Wales's 2015 Six Nations games and scored one try. 2015–2016 2015 Rugby World Cup Roberts played 4 games for Wales in the 2015 Rugby World Cup Cambridge University After the 2015 Rugby World Cup, Roberts began a Master of Philosophy in medical science at the University of Cambridge. This entitled him to play rugby for Cambridge and he was selected for The Varsity Match which took place in London on December 10, 2015. Roberts was forced out of the game at half-time by injury as Cambridge were beaten by Oxford for a record sixth time in a row. Harlequins On 18 May 2015, it was announced Roberts had signed for English Aviva Premiership side Harlequins. His contract at Harlequins is rumoured to make him one of the highest paid players in the world, receiving £380,000 a year. Roberts' first game for Harlequins FC was on 19 December vs Calvisano. He scored a try on his debut. Bath In March 2018, it was confirmed that Roberts signed on to play for Bath in the summer of 2018 at the succession of the 2017–18 Premiership season. Stormers Roberts joined Stormers in Super Rugby on 16 January 2020. Professional record Statistics as of 9 January 2018: Overall professional points record Test Match record Wales British and Irish Lions Records vs. Nations Awards 2007/08 Cardiff Blues Most Promising Player 2009 British & Irish Lions Player of The Series 2009 BBC Wales Sports Personality Award Third Place Personal life He was educated at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf, and in 2013 graduated from Cardiff University School of Medicine after 8 years studying. Roberts is also a patron for the anti-smoking pressure group and charity ASH Wales. References External links Profile at WRU.co.uk Category:Alumni of Cardiff University Category:Barbarian F.C. players Category:Bath Rugby players Category:British and Irish Lions rugby union players from Wales Category:Cardiff Blues players Category:Cardiff RFC players Category:Living people Category:People educated at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf Category:Rugby union players from Newport, Wales Category:Racing 92 players Category:Rumney RFC players Category:Stormers players Category:Wales international rugby union players Category:Welsh rugby union players Category:1986 births Category:21st-century Welsh medical doctors Category:Cambridge University R.U.F.C. players Category:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge

The Boston Breakers was an American professional soccer club based in the Boston neighborhood of Allston. The team competed in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). They replaced the original Breakers, who competed in the defunct Women's United Soccer Association, as the Boston area's professional women's soccer team. The Breakers played their home games at Jordan Field in Boston and were managed in their final season by Matt Beard. History Original franchise The original Boston Breakers played in the WUSA from 2001 to 2003. In the final season in the WUSA, the Breakers had their best record (10–4–7) and placed first in the regular season before losing to the Washington Freedom in the semifinals. Women's Professional Soccer Re-establishment (2007–2009) The formation of Women's Professional Soccer was announced on September 4, 2007, during which time it was also announced that a franchise had been awarded to Boston. The Boston Breakers franchise was officially unveiled on October 26, 2008. At the time it was the only professional women's sports team in Massachusetts. Joe Cummings was named the President and General Manager and he had previously worked for the Breakers franchise in the WUSA. In September 2007, Tony DiCicco was appointed as the club's first head coach. During the WPS national team player allocation on September 16, 2008 the Breakers acquired Heather Mitts and former Breakers players, Kristine Lilly and Angela Hucles. The club acquired Amy Rodriguez as the first overall pick in the 2009 WPS Soccer Draft in St. Louis on January 30, 2009. 2009 season The Breakers played their debut match in the inaugural season of Women's Professional Soccer against FC Gold Pride in Santa Clara, California losing 2–1. Its first home match was against St. Louis Athletica on April 11, 2009, in which the Breakers lost 2–0. The Breakers finished the season in fifth place with a 7–9–4 record. 2010 season 2011 season 2012 league suspension On January 16, 2012, the Breakers announced that they signed United States U-23 national team defender, Bianca D'Agostino. Australian national team forward, Kyah Simon, was acquired by the Breakers in anticipation of the 2012 season as well. Simon scored two goals against Norway in the 2011 World Cup, which advanced Australia to the quarter-finals. Her goals made her the first ever Aboriginal to score a goal in a World Cup tournament. The league announced on January 30, 2012 that the 2012 Women's Professional Soccer season was suspended. On February 9, 2012 the club announced it would compete in the newly formed WPSL Elite for the 2012 season, with the expectation that it would rejoin the WPS for the 2013 season. The semi-pro league has no restrictions on the types of players, whether they be professional or amateur. After the WPS suspension, goalkeeper Alyssa Naeher returned to her former club, Turbine Potsdam, after playing for the Breakers during the 2010 and 2011 seasons. Women's Premier Soccer League Elite In 2012, the Boston Breakers joined the Women's Premier Soccer League Elite. The team finished in first place clinching the regular season title with an 11–3–0 record, the best season in the franchise history. They lost 3–1 against the Chicago Red Stars in the WPSL Elite semifinals. National Women's Soccer League In November 2012, it was announced that the Breakers would be one of eight teams in a new women's professional soccer league sponsored by the United States Soccer Federation, the Canadian Soccer Association and the Mexican Football Federation. On January 11, 2013, the league held its player allocation for the national team players, with Boston receiving seven players, including two returning former Breakers Heather O'Reilly and Heather Mitts. The other players assigned to the Breakers were Anisa Guajardo, Adriana Leon, Sydney Leroux, Cecilia Santiago, and Rhian Wilkinson. 2013 season The 2013 Boston Breakers season was the club's eighth overall year of existence, fourth consecutive year, and first year as a member of the National Women's Soccer League. They played 22 games, finishing with 8 wins, 6 draws, and 8 losses. They did not qualify for the post-season playoffs, and finished the season at fifth place in an eight team league. 2014 season The 2014 Boston Breakers season was the club's ninth overall year of existence, fifth consecutive year, and second year as a member of the National Women's Soccer League. They played 24 games, finishing with 6 wins, 2 draws, and 16 losses. They did not qualify for the post-season playoffs, and finished the season at eighth place in a nine team league. 2015 season The 2015 Boston Breakers season, was the club's tenth overall year of existence, sixth consecutive year, and third year as a member of the National Women's Soccer League. They played 20 games, finishing with 4 wins, 3 draws, and 13 losses. They did not qualify for the post-season playoffs, and finished the season at ninth place in a nine team league. 2016 season The 2016 Boston Breakers season was the club's eleventh overall year of existence, seventh consecutive year, and fourth year as a member of the National Women's Soccer League. They played 20 games, finishing with 3 wins, 2 draws, and 15 losses. They did not qualify for the post-season playoffs, and finished the season at tenth place in a ten team league. 2017 season The 2017 Boston Breakers season was the club's twelfth overall year of existence, eighth consecutive year, and fifth year as a member of the National Women's Soccer League. They played 24 games, finishing with 4 wins, 7 draws, and 13 losses. They did not qualify for the post-season playoffs, and finished the season in ninth place of a ten team league. 2018 season The Boston Breakers officially folded on January 25, 2018 and did not participate in the NWSL in 2018. Stadium Jordan Field (2014–2017) The Boston Breakers played their home games for their final four seasons at Jordan Field, a 4,100 seat, multi-purpose facility located on the campus of Harvard University in Allston, Massachusetts. Jordan Field was formerly known as Soldiers Field Soccer Stadium. Dilboy Stadium (2012–2013) The Breakers played at Dilboy Stadium in the Boston suburb of Somerville, Massachusetts for their 2012 and 2013 seasons, the move from Harvard to Dilboy concurrent with their league move to the WPSL Elite. Harvard Stadium (2009–2011) Boston used Harvard Stadium, the 30,323 seat home football stadium of the Harvard Crimson, from 2009 through 2011. In 2012, shortly after joining the newly created Women's Premier Soccer League Elite, the Breakers moved their home field to Jordan Field. Broadcasting As of 2017, Boston Breakers games were streamed exclusively by Go90 for American audiences and via the NWSL website for international viewers. As part of a three-year agreement with A&E Networks, Lifetime broadcasts one NWSL Game of the Week on Saturday afternoons. The Breakers were featured in the nationally televised Game of the Week on September 2, 2017. Previous seasons' games were broadcast on YouTube, MediaBoss Television, ESPN, and Fox Sports. Supporters The team had an official supporters group called the Boston Armada. Players and coaches Final roster Head coaches Matt Beard (2016–2017) Tom Durkin (2014–2015) Cat Whitehill (2013) (interim) Lisa Cole (2012–2013) Tony DiCicco (2009–2011) Ownership and team management Michael Stoller was the managing partner of Boston Women's Soccer, LLC, the ownership group overseeing the Breakers. Records and statistics Honors Individual Player Awards Amy LePeilbet, WPS 2009, 2010 Defender of the Year Player of the Week Player of the Month Pillars of Excellence In summer 2009, the Breakers began a tradition of honoring legends from the past with commemorative banners at Harvard Stadium. The award's Pillars of Excellence name was influenced by the stadium's iconic colonnade. Players from both Boston Breakers (WUSA) and the WPS/WPSL Elite/NWSL entry are considered. Maren Meinert became the first inductee during a halftime ceremony on May 17, 2009 when the Breakers hosted the Washington Freedom. During her final season in 2003 Meinert was named the WUSA's Most Valuable Player for the regular season and MVP of the WUSA All-Star Game. Angela Hucles was inducted on May 1, 2010 during a home game against the Chicago Red Stars. Kristine Lilly was inducted during halftime of a match against the Philadelphia Independence May 23, 2011. Leslie Osborne was inducted during halftime of a home game against Sky Blue FC. Supporters Award In 2017 the official supporters group of the Boston Breakers, The Boston Armada, began a tradition of awarding one player at each home game with a supporters award. Officially dubbed, "The Chunk Award", it recognizes a player's individual contribution to the team during the match. The trophy for 2017 is representative of the unofficial mascot of the Boston Breakers, "Chunk", a British Bulldog owned by Boston Breakers Academy Head Coach, Lee Billard. See also List of top-division football clubs in CONCACAF countries List of professional sports teams in the United States and Canada Boston Breakers (WUSA) References External links Boston Breakers News at NWSL News Category:2008 establishments in Massachusetts Category:Association football clubs established in 2008 Category:Soccer clubs in Massachusetts Category:National Women's Soccer League teams Category:Soccer clubs in Boston Category:Women's Professional Soccer teams Category:Women's soccer clubs in the United States Category:Women's Premier Soccer League Elite teams Category:2018 disestablishments in Massachusetts Category:Association football clubs disestablished in 2018

Râmîêl (, , , ), or Remiel, is both a fallen Watcher and an archangel in the apocryphal Book of Enoch. Ramiel means "thunder of God" from the Hebrew elements ra'am and El, "God". As a fallen Watcher There are 20 leaders in the Book of Enoch, also called 1 Enoch. The section that mentions them reads: As described in 1 Enoch, these are the leaders of 200 angels that are turned into fallen Angels due to their taking wives, mating with human women, and teaching forbidden knowledge. One of 20 leaders, Ramiel is mentioned sixth. As an angel He is mentioned in 2 Baruch where he presides over true visions (55:3) and is listed as one of the seven Holy Angels in 1 Enoch 20:8. Ramiel is the archangel of hope, and he is credited with two tasks: he is responsible for divine visions, and he guides the souls of the faithful into Heaven. He is called Jeremiel or Uriel in various translations of IV Esdras, He is said to have been the archangel responsible for the destruction of the armies of Sennacherib, as well as being the bearer of the instructions of the seven archangels. See also 2 Baruch Azazel Remiel (DC Comics) Remiel (Tales of Symphonia) References The Book Of Enoch (1917) translated by R. H. Charles, introduction by W. O. E. Oesterley The Ethiopic Book Of Enoch (1978), Knibb, Michael A., Oxford: Clarendon Press, repr. 1982. Category:Watchers (angels) Category:Archangels Category:Ge'ez language

Mecate can refer to: Mecate (rein) Mecate (band)

Uri is a Swiss Talschaft and canton in the upper Reuss valley. First mentioned in the 8th century, it gained strategic importance with the opening of the Gotthard Pass in the 13th century and was a founding member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the late medieval period. Prehistory The oldest traces of humans in the Canton of Uri are from around 2200 BC and include a quartz production site and flint arrowheads at Hospental-Rossplatten and Gotthardmätteli. There are Bronze Age graves at Bürglen and possibly also some at Jagdmatt that are from 1300–900 BC. The earliest traces of a settlement were discovered at Amsteg and date from the Middle Bronze Age (1450–1200 BC). This village was located in a protected valley along a route into the Reuss and was near quartz, copper and iron deposits. An Iron Age village was built in the same spot around 500–450 BC. Pottery from the Bronze and Iron Ages show that these villages traded with surrounding villages and even crossed the alpine passes to trade with Quinto in Ticino and the alpine Rhine valley. The large Celtic treasure trove at Erstfeld, now generally interpreted as a votive offering to a mountain deity, indicates that there was a large, prosperous population in central alps during the 4th century BC. Early history During the Roman era, Uri remained mostly isolated from the Roman Empire. An analysis of the place names along the shores of Lake Lucerne show a Gallo-Roman influence, while in the mountain valleys Raetian names are more common. When the Roman Empire withdrew from the Alps, the lake side villages looked north to the towns along the lake for support, while the alpine villages in the valley called Urseren banded together. During the 7th century, Alemannic German speaking settlers from the Kingdom of the Franks began to move into the narrow plains around the southern end of Lake Lucerne. In a process that took about three centuries they spread into the alpine valleys. The number of place names with either German or Latin roots next to each other indicates that this migration was generally peaceful. The Alemanni grave at the church of St. Martin in Altdorf (660–680) shows the political and religious leadership roll that the Alemanni had in the upper Reuss valley. Uri is first mentioned in 732 as the place of banishment of Eto, the abbot of Reichenau, by the duke of Alamannia. In 853 it was given to the nunnery at Zürich by Louis the German, which he had founded for his daughter Hildegard. It is unclear whether the gift included the entire Reuss valley or just certain settlements. The abbess appointed a vogt to manage the lands, but ruled the lands with a light hand. Many of the surrounding villages became tenants of the abbey or obtained similar privileges. Under the abbess, the villages of the valley began to develop a sort of local government. In contrast, the Urseren remained more isolated, though they had some connections to the Leventina valley. Some of the villages in the Urseren were settled by Disentis Abbey and were part of the Diocese of Chur. By the 10th century, there were settlements of Romansh speakers from Disentis in the high valleys. Between approximately 920 and 976 the Duke of Swabia was the vogt under the abbess in Zurich. They were followed by the Lenzburgs from 976 to 1173 and then the Zähringens. In 1218, the Zähringens died out, and the bailiwick was given to the Habsburgs. According to Aegidius Tschudi's history, in 1231 King Henry of Germany, the son of Emperor Frederick II, bought Uri from the Habsburgs and granted it imperial immediacy. During the 13th century, the St. Gotthard Pass opened, which brought ever increasing trade and wealth to Uri. With the growing wealth, the towns and villages along the Gotthard route became increasing independent. As early as 1243 Uri had a district seal, and in 1274, Rudolph of Habsburg, who was now the Holy Roman Emperor, confirmed its historic privileges. In Urseren, Disentis Abbey appointed a vogt, though in 1239–40 Emperor Frederick II changed the vogt's office into a secular, imperial office. He appointed Count Rudolf of Rapperswil as his vogt. When the Rapperswil male line died out in 1283 the vogt office in Urseren also fell to the Habsburgs. Old Swiss Confederacy Formation of the Confederacy A treaty of mutual recognition and assistance with Schwyz, possibly concluded in 1291 and certainly by 1309, would come to be regarded as the foundational act of the Old Swiss Confederacy or Eidgenossenschaft. The Battle of Morgarten in 1315, while of limited strategic importance, was the first instance of the Confererates defeating the Habsburgs in the field. A few months after the victory at Morgarten, the three Forest Cantons met at Brunnen to reaffirm their alliance in the Pact of Brunnen. Over the following decades, the Confederacy expanded into the Acht Orte, now representing a regional power with the potential to challenge Habsburg hegemony. The Confederacy decisively defeated Habsburg in the Battle of Sempach 1386, opening the way to further territorial expansion. In the traditional history of the Eternal Alliance, the Habsburgs had appointed a tyrannical vogt named Albrecht Gessler to rule over Uri from his castle in Altdorf. According to Tschudi's version of the events (recorded in the 16th century) Gessler raised a pole in the village's central square, hung his hat on top of it, and demanded that all the townsfolk bow before the hat. On 18 November 1307, William Tell visited Altdorf with his young son and passed by Gessler's hat, publicly refusing to bow to it, and so was arrested. Gessler – intrigued by Tell's famed marksmanship, yet resentful of his defiance – devised a cruel punishment: Tell and his son would be executed, but he could redeem his life by shooting an apple off the head of his son, Walter, in a single attempt. Tell split the apple with a bolt from his crossbow. However, Gessler noticed that Tell had drawn two bolts and discovered that Tell had planned to kill him if the first bolt had killed Tell's son. Gessler took Tell captive, but Tell was able to escape. Tell then ran cross-country to Küssnacht where he assassinated Gessler with the second crossbow bolt. Tell's assassination sparked a rebellion, which led to the Rütlischwur, a further alliance between Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden. While the historicity of William Tell and specific events are questioned by modern historians, the cantons around Lake Lucerne and other nearby lakes had a long history of alliances. For example, in 1291, Uri, Schwyz and Zürich entered into a three-year defensive alliance. In 1309, Emperor Henry VII combined Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden into the Waldstätte or Forest Cantons. In 1314, Duke Louis IV of Bavaria (who would become Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor) and Frederick the Handsome, a Habsburg prince, each claimed the crown of the Holy Roman Emperor. The Confederates supported Louis IV because they feared the Habsburgs would annex their countries as Habsburg property — as they already had tried to do in the late 13th century. War broke out over a dispute between the Confederates of Schwyz and the Habsburg-protected monastery of Einsiedeln regarding some pastures, and eventually the Confederates of Schwyz conducted a raid on the monastery. The Habsburg response to the raid, led to the Battle of Morgarten in 1315 where the Confederate army, including some troops from Uri, destroyed the Habsburg army. A few months after the victory at Morgarten, the three Forest Cantons met at Brunnen to reaffirm their alliance in the Pact of Brunnen. In the following forty years, the alliance expanded as other cantons (Lucerne in 1332 and Zürich in 1351, Glarus and Zug in 1352 and Bern in 1353) joined the alliance. In 1386 Uri participated in the victory over the Austrians at the Battle of Sempach. Following the victory at Sempach, Uri began a program of territorial expansion to allow them to control the entire Gotthard route. As a first step, Uri annexed the lands of Urseren in 1410. The Urseren was allowed to retain its own mayor and assembly, and its own courts under those of Uri. It was not fully incorporated till 1888. In 1403, with the help of Obwalden, it won the Leventina valley from the duke of Milan, but lost it in 1422. Though in 1440 Uri alone reconquered it and kept it until 1798. Between 1410 and 1418, Uri occupied the Val d' Ossola in Italy. In 1419, with Obwalden, Uri conquered Bellinzona, but lost it at the Battle of Arbedo in 1422. In 1478, Uri marched into the Leventina valley, south of the Gotthard pass. The citizens of the valley welcomed Uri's troops as liberators from the Duke of Milan. They then attempted to besiege Bellinzona, but gave up after 14 days, when the Duke sent 10,000 troops to drive them out. About 600 men of the Confederate rear guard defeated the Milanese army at the Battle of Giornico and drove Milan out of the Leventina valley but did not take Bellinzona. In 1500, with Schwyz and Nidwalden, it captured Bellinzona again and held it until 1798. By 1503, Uri, Nidwalden and Schwyz jointly controlled the bailiwicks of Blenio, Bellinzona and Riviera. In 1512 Uri shared in the conquest of Lugano with the rest of the Confederation. Together with the rest of the Confederation, Uri shared in the conquest and rule over a number of subject territories under the administration of several cantons including; 1415–1712 Baden, 1460–1798 Thurgau, 1482–1798 Sargans, 1491–1798 Rheintal, 1512–1798 Locarno, the Maggia valley, Lugano and Mendrisio and 1532–1712 the Freiamt including the Upper Freiamt between 1712–98. Reformation and early modern era The region resisted the Protestant Reformation and remained Roman Catholic. In 1524–25 the Landammann Beroldingen of Josue asked the cantonal scribe Valentin Compar to write a polemic against the reformer Huldrych Zwingli, which was read to the cantonal congress and approved. As the Reformation spread through the Swiss Confederation, the five central, catholic cantons felt increasingly isolated and they began to search for allies. After two months of negotiations, the Five Cantons formed die Christliche Vereinigung (the Christian Alliance) with Ferdinand of Austria on 22 April 1529. Tensions continued to rise between the Protestant and Catholic cantons. After numerous minor incidents and provocations from both sides, a Catholic priest was executed in the Thurgau in May 1528, and the Protestant pastor J. Keyser was burned at the stake in Schwyz in 1529. The last straw was the installation of a Catholic reeve at Baden, and Zürich declared war on 8 June, occupied the Thurgau and the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and marched to Kappel at the border to Zug. By mediation of the Federal Tagsatzung, bloodshed in what was known as the First War of Kappel was barely avoided. The peace agreement (Erster Landfriede) was not exactly favourable for the Catholic party, who had to dissolve its alliance with the Austrian Habsburgs. The Protestant cantons also demanded that the catholic cantons allow Protestant preachers into them, and imposed a trade embargo to try to force them to agree. In late September 1531, about 8,000 soldiers from the Five Cantons (including Uri) marched against Zurich and Zwingli to lift this embargo. When they met Zwingli's forces on 11 October 1531 at the Second War of Kappel, the catholic forces were victorious and Zwingli was killed. The peace treaty after the Second War of Kappel established that each canton could choose which religion to follow, and Uri remained Catholic. During the early modern era, the population of Uri increased slowly. The limited arable land in mountain valleys, disease and crop failures all reduced population growth. The plague broke out in the canton in 1348–49, 1517–18, 1574–75 and 1629. In 1742–43 and again 1770–71, crop failures combined with cattle diseases led to starvation and mass emigration. The consequences for the population were severe, in 1743 Uri had 9,828 inhabitants, but by the end of the 18th Century there were only 9,464 people. Modern history Napoleonic period The government of Uri spoke out against the ideals of the French Revolution and opposed any attempt to institute changes in Switzerland. In 1797, pro-revolutionary propaganda from France was intercepted and burned in Uri. In January 1798, French revolutionary forces invaded Switzerland. On 28 January 1798, Uri sent troops to support Bern against the invaders. However, in early March it advised the Bernese authorities to make concessions to the French government. Then on 4 and 5 March, Uri's troops refused to join the battle and instead withdrew. At the conference in Brunnen on 11 March Uri, Schwyz, Nidwalden, Glarus and Zug decided to negotiate a separate peace with General Guillaume Brune. In preparation for these talks the council dissolved their protectorate over the Leventina valley on 14 March. In the following days, the negotiations fell through because the French insisted on creating an indivisible Swiss republic. On 11 April the victorious French announced the creation of the Helvetic Republic and gave the cantons twelve days to accept the new constitution. On 20 April, the council voted to defend the traditional constitution and to join the rebellious cantons of Schwyz, Nidwalden, Glarus and Zug. The uprising was quickly suppressed and on 5 May Uri agreed to accept the Helvetic Republic. The cantonal army was disarmed in September and the canton was occupied by French troops in October. During the Helvetic Republic, Uri was part of the Canton of Waldstätten, along with Zug, Obwalden, Nidwalden and the inner portions of Schwyz. The Leventina valley was given to the Canton of Ticino, which stripped Uri of its lands south of the Gotthard pass. Uri was divided into two districts, Andermatt and Altdorf. The government of Andermatt district supported the new, liberal constitution, while the government and people of Altdorf district opposed it. In April and May 1799, Franz Vincenz Schmid led an uprising against the occupying French army. This revolt, which gained support from the Leventina and Valais valleys, failed because they were unable to coordinate simultaneous uprisings in the other alpine cantons. After the uprising was put down, the victorious General Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult granted the people of Uri clemency for the rebellion. From June until the end of September 1799, troops of the Second Coalition fought the French in Uri. In connection with the uprising, Austrian troops invaded the Urseren and Reuss Valleys in late May and early June. The Austrians, together with a Capuchin friar named Paul Styger, attempted to restore the old cantonal government. However, in August the French position in the war began to improve. With the defeat of the Russian general Alexander Korsakov at the Second Battle of Zurich, the only other Coalition army, under Alexander Suvorov, was forced to retreat out of Switzerland though the alps in winter, a feat unheard of since the time of Hannibal. While he is considered a folk hero in Switzerland,<ref name="BZ 2009">{{cite news|url=http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/schweiz/standard/Wie-ein-russischer-General-zum-schweizerischen-Volkshelden-wurde/story/23978465|title=Wie ein russischer General zum schweizerischen Volkshelden wurde ('How A Russian General Became A Swiss Folk Hero)|last=Nussbaumer|first=Hannes|work=Berner Zeitung|language=German|accessdate=19 September 2009}}</ref> his army stripped the villages of Uri bare of food and cattle. The damage from fighting, Suvorov's retreat and other disasters (including a fire that destroyed much of Altdorf in 1799) caused a famine in Uri. Although the government commissioner, Heinrich Zschokke, organized a relief effort to prevent starvation, it took years for Uri to repair the damage to the villages and towns. In October 1801, a new government came to power in the Helvetic Republic and in early November the Canton of Waldstätten was dissolved and Uri became a canton again. The governor, Josef Anton von Beroldingen, attempted unsuccessfully to bring the Leventina valley back into Uri. Half a year later, on 17 April 1802, the Unitarian party took power back in the Republic and revised the constitution once again. In early June, Uri rejected the newest constitution while at the same time French troops withdrew from Switzerland. Without the French army to suppress them, Uri and other rural populations successfully rebelled against the government in the Stecklikrieg. In response to the collapse of the Helvetic Republic, Napoleon issued the Act of Mediation in 1803. As part of the Act of Mediation, Uri regained its independence and all attempts towards religious or constitutional reform were resisted. Toward the federal state After the invasion of the Sixth Coalition into Switzerland on 29 December 1813, the Act of Mediation lost its power. While the neighbouring cantons of Schwyz and Nidwalden wanted to return to the organization of the Old Swiss Confederation, Uri was part of the Zurich-led party, which sought to reorganize the 19 cantons created by the Act. Uri also attempted, unsuccessful, to reincorporate the Leventina valley, but was only able to receive the rights to one-half of the taxes on all trade over Monte Piottino into the Leventina. On 5 May 1815 the Landsgemeinde approved the federal constitution. Uri then mediated between the Tagsatzung and Nidwalden, which had refused to recognize the treaty. Uri remained without an official constitution until 1820. The document included only six principles that were based on traditional practice and existing state laws. The government remained deeply conservative during the Restoration period. Discontent with the cantonal government collected until 1834 when a reform party demanded a number of liberal constitutional changes. The Landsgemeinde, however, rejected these calls for reform. In the 1840s, urban, Protestant liberals gained the majority in the Tagsatzung and proposed a new constitution. To protect their traditional religion and power structure, the seven conservative, catholic cantons formed a separate alliance or Sonderbund in 1843. In 1847, the Sonderbund broke with the Federal Government and the Sonderbund War broke out. During the conflict, Uri sent troops to participate in the fighting along the Reuss-Emme defensive line as well as on the foray over the Gotthard into Ticino. After the defeat of the Sonderbund troops in Gisikon on 23 November 1847 Uri withdrew from the alliance and surrendered on 28 November 1847. Two days later federal troops moved into Uri. Within modern Switzerland After the defeat of the Sonderbund, Uri supported the new Swiss Federal Constitution. They established a cantonal constitution that included some liberal changes including; the abolition of lifetime alderman positions, eliminating the privy council and secret council meetings and the establishment of a provisional executive council. The Landsgemeinde was the supreme sovereign power. The Cantonal Council, which included the presiding government councils and the Cantonal Court President, and the eleven-member Executive Council formed the legislative and executive branches. Ecclesiastical and school matters were under the Diocesan and Education Committees. The Catholic Church continued to enjoy privileges, but freedom of worship was now available for other faiths. The overall structure of the state remained cumbersome, because of the numerous commissions and the poor separation of powers. The new Federal Constitution of 1874, which was rejected by the voters of Uri, led to a total revision of the cantonal constitution in 1888. The new constitution streamlined the government and addressed many of the issues of the 1848 cantonal constitution. The Landsgemeinde'' continued to meet on a local level until the last one was held in Bötzlingen in the municipality of Schattdorf on 6 May 1928. The Christian Democratic Party (CVP) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) have dominated politics in Uri during the 20th Century. References Category:Canton of Uri Uri

Moon Bay is a bay wide which recedes between Edinburgh Hill and Renier Point, on the east side of Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Islands off Antarctica. The glaciers Sopot Ice Piedmont, Iskar, Huron, Struma, Kaliakra, Panega and Debelt feed the bay. The bay was known to sealers in the area as early as 1821. It was recharted in 1935 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II, and probably named by them for nearby Half Moon Island, which lies in the entrance to the bay. Maps South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 60. Tolworth, UK, 1968. South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 58. Tolworth, UK, 1968. Islas Livingston y Decepción. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:100000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991. L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005. L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016. References SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica Category:Bays of Livingston Island

Nanban () is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language coming-of-age comedy drama film directed by Shankar. It is a remake of Rajkumar Hirani's 3 Idiots (2009). The film features an ensemble cast that includes Vijay, Jiiva, Srikanth, Ileana D'Cruz, Sathyan and Sathyaraj. The plot of the film illustrates the embarkment of two friends on a quest for a lost buddy, who was once an optimistic and successful student. On their journey, they recount their college life and special moments that the three shared up until their lost friend secretly parted ways after convocation. During their quest, the two encounter a rival classmate who once made a long forgotten bet with them, a funeral that goes impossibly out of control, and a wedding they must crash. The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by Harris Jayaraj and cinematography was handled by Manoj Paramahamsa. The film was produced by Gemini Film Circuit. A lengthy and controversial delay in casting delayed filming by a year. Filming took place for a total of eight months in various locations in Europe and India. The film was released on 12 January 2012. Its dubbed version in Telugu, Snehithudu, released on 26 January 2012 in Andhra Pradesh. The film was also screened at the Melbourne Film Festival. Plot Venkat Ramakrishnan, Sevarkodi Senthil and Panchavan Parivendan alias Pari are three first year engineering students who share a room in the hostel of Ideal Engineering College (IEC), Chennai. While Venkat and Senthil are average students who come from a modern background, Pari is from a rich family. Venkat studies engineering as per his father's wishes, over his own wish – to become a wildlife photographer, while Senthil, whose family is poor, studies engineering to improve his family's financial situation and get his sister married. Pari, however, studies engineering for his simple passion for machines and devices. He believes that one should follow excellence, not success, as success will take care of itself if excellence is followed. This approach to studies is sneered upon by the dean of the college, Professor Virumandi "Virus" Santhanam . Virus and the faculty favour Pari's classmate Srivatsan alias Silencer who believes in mindless rote learning over understanding to reach his goals of corporate status. Pari constantly spars with Virus and Silencer due to their differences in their educational approaches. Pari falls in love with Virus' daughter Ria, a medical student when he, Venkat and Senthil accidentally gatecrash her elder sister Swetha's wedding reception to obtain a free meal. Ria is not impressed with Pari's antics and complains to her father about them. Virus becomes furious with Pari and his friends and tries to break their friendship by claiming that the "rich" Pari is a bad influence on the "less privileged" Venkat and Senthil. While Venkat refuses to break his friendship with Pari, Senthil believes Virus and distances himself from Pari, though they reconcile when Pari saves the life of Senthil's paralysed father, who had suffered a heart attack, by taking him to hospital on Ria's scooter when the ambulance had not arrived on time. Ria too appreciates Pari's practicality and concern for others and reciprocates Pari's feelings. In the yearly exam, Pari stands first in his class, while both Venkat and Senthil come last. Three years later, during their final year, Pari, Venkat and Senthil break into Virus's house drunk one night to allow Pari to propose to Ria. Venkat and Senthil, who are both drunk, cause a ruckus and urinate on the front door before fleeing. Virus notices Senthil and the next day, he threatens to expel him unless he snitches on Pari. Not wanting to betray his friend or let down his family, Senthil attempts suicide by jumping from Virus' office window and ends up in a coma. However, Senthil soon recovers and following his recovery, he discards his fear of the future. His frankness impresses the interviewers from a company during a campus placement drive and they hire him. Meanwhile, Venkat successfully convinces his parents to allow him to pursue his wildlife photography dream. Virus, enraged at Senthil's success, sets an extremely hard final exam to fail Senthil, as the job offer is contingent on graduation. When Ria learns of her father's plan, she helps Pari and Venkat to leak the question paper by providing them with the keys to her father's office. However, Virus catches them and expels them as well as Senthil on the spot. Ria angrily confronts her father, revealing that her late brother committed suicide because he was unable to get into IEC as his father had desired, despite having ambitions of becoming a writer. Meanwhile, Swetha, who is pregnant, goes into labour. A heavy thunderstorm cuts all power and floods the streets, making it impossible for the ambulance to reach Swetha. Pari, Venkat and Senthil deliver the baby using available equipment and an inverter developed by Pari, with Ria instructing him via VoIP. After the newborn baby is apparently stillborn, Pari manages to resuscitate the baby. Virus forgives Pari and his friends and gives the astromical inventory pen to him, which was given to Virus by his former director, and allows them to write their final exams. After the convocation however, Pari disappears and goes into seclusion. Ten years later, Venkat, who is now a successful wildlife photographer and Senthil, who is married, has a good middle class life, and works as a software engineer in the company he was ten years ago set out on a journey to Ooty to find Pari, since he is last claimed to be found there by Silencer. They are joined by Silencer, who is now a wealthy and successful professional businessman, who is a vice-president in his own company, while also being married and having kids in the United States, who is looking to seal a deal with Kosaksi Pasapugazh, a famous scientist and prospective business associate. Silencer's main intention in finding Pari is to see whether Pari is more successful than him; they had made a bet in their first year of engineering on who would be more successful with their study approaches. However, when they reach Pari's house in Ooty, they find a completely different man: the real Panchavan Parivendan. Confronting Parivendan, Venkat and Senthil learn that their friend was actually a destitute servant boy nicknamed Pappu. Pappu, who worked in Parivendan's household, loved learning, while Parivendan disliked studies. After noticing the boy's intelligence, Parivendan's father agreed to allow Pappu to study in his place instead of working as a servant. In return, Parivendan would pocket Pappu's qualifications and after graduating, Pappu should cease all contact with him and his family. Parivendan reveals that Pappu is now a schoolteacher in Dhanushkodi. Later, Venkat and Senthil discover that as "Pari" had disappeared, Ria had decided to marry her former boyfriend – a price obsessed banker Rakesh whom she had dumped when "Pari" made her realise that he loves his expensive items more than her. Venkat and Senthil rescue Ria from her wedding in Coimbatore and they, along with Silencer, drive to Dhanushkodi. At "Pari's" school, Venkat and Senthil reunite with their long-lost friend, Ria and "Pari" rekindle their romance, and Silencer mocks "Pari" for becoming a lowly schoolteacher. He asks him to sign a "Declaration of Defeat" document for losing the bet. He also sees the virus's given pen on his hand while signing and dumbs him by telling that he is a loser and vatsan is a winner. On seeing "Pari"'s signature, Silencer realises that "Pari" is actually Kosaksi Pasupugazh, and he accepts defeat. Cast Vijay as Kosaksi Pasapugazh / Panchavan Pariventhan Jeeva as Sevarkodi Senthil Srikanth as Venkat Ramakrishnan Ileana D'Cruz as Riya Sathyaraj as Virumandi Santhanam ('Virus') Sathyan as Srivatsan alias Silencer Anuya Bhagvath as Swetha Santhanam S. J. Surya as Panchavan Pariventhan Vijay Vasanth as Paneer Selvam T. M. Karthik as Rakesh Manobala as Librarian Bose Shanmugasundaram as Kalvi Minister Ajay Rathnam as Panchavan's father Uma Padmanabhan as Mrs. Ramakrishnan Aadukalam Naren as Ramakrishnan Sreeja Ravi as Doctor Rani as Senthil's sister Indrans as Govindan Balaji Venugopal as Ragging Senior<ref name = "End credits">Nanban (DVD): End credits from 3:05:14 to 3:05:18</ref> Venkat Sundar as Ragging Senior Rinson Simon as younger Manimaran, nicknamed "Millimetre" Vikas as older Manimaran, nicknamed "Centimetre" Shankar Sundaram as Examiner Shankar in a special appearance as Director in Asku Laska song Atlee in a special appearance as Assistant Director in Asku Laska song Shobi in a special appearance in Asku Laska song Production Development Following Gemini Film Circuit's purchase of the remake rights for 3 Idiots in January 2010, there was much speculation in regards to the three title roles played by Aamir Khan, R. Madhavan and Sharman Joshi in the original. Gemini Film Circuit approached noted directors Shankar, Vishnuvardhan and S. Dharani to replace Rajkumar Hirani as the director, with the approval from Shankar leading to him being signed. Despite speculation that he was set to pull out from directing his first remake as it would be a step down from his previous film, Enthiran, Shankar stated his commitment in October 2010. He later added that, "he came across 3 Idiots during the making of Endhiran, and it was that moment he decided to break his self-imposed rule – making only original movies – and decided to direct his first remake venture." Harris Jayaraj and Yuvan Shankar Raja were approached to compose the soundtrack, with Shankar settling for the former with whom he had worked in the 2005 action film Anniyan earlier. Meanwhile, Manoj Paramahamsa, whose work in Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa and Eeram had been critically acclaimed, was signed on as the cinematographer. Sound designer Resul Pookutty and visual effects designer V. Srinivas Mohan joined the crew, following a successful collaboration in Enthiran. Casting For the lead role, played in 3 Idiots by Aamir Khan, initial reports suggested that Suriya, Mahesh Babu and Pawan Kalyan were the front runner, who however dismissed the link citing that his commitments had left him busy. A special screening for the film industry included Vijay, who expressed his desire to work in the film, and was subsequently signed up by Gemini Film Circuits to portray the lead role. However, by mid-December 2010, soon after trial shoots were held, Vijay walked out the film following disputes over his dates, with Suriya being labelled as his likely replacement. Reports claimed that talks with Suriya failed, since the actor had demanded salary increase and dubbing rights for the Telugu-version of the film. Suriya's reasons for refusing the offer was later confirmed not to be true, with Suriya himself revealing that he had opted out only because of other film commitments and "did not want to keep Shankar waiting". As a result, Vijay was once again finalised for the role. The roles of the other two title characters took considerably longer to confirm. R. Madhavan was initially approached to reprise his role from the original but made it clear that he was unwilling to be a part of the remake, citing the film had already "gone down in history". Early indications suggested that Udhayanidhi Stalin had replaced him but the claims were false. In November 2010, reports emerged that Vinay Rai or Nakul were set to play the role, however Vinay cited that he refused the project as the role was not as meaty as the other two characters. Consequently, the production house signed Srikanth to play the role, after seeing his performance in Drohi, which had come after several box-office failures for him. Sharman Joshi's role was originally offered to Silambarasan, but after discussions, it was revealed that Silambarasan could not do as he felt he didn't suit the character. Subsequently, the role was offered to Siddharth, a protege of Shankar, who also went on to refuse the project. Despite further reports that Arya and Jiiva were being considered, the latter signed on and agreed with Shankar that he would play Joshi's role instead of Madhavan's. The role played by Kareena Kapoor in the original was reported to be played by either Shruti Haasan or Asin. However Ileana D'Cruz was signed on for the film after attempts to cast Katrina Kaif in the film had failed. The college professor's role was given to Sathyaraj, despite early indications that Prakash Raj would be approached. Omi Vaidya was unable to reprise his role from the original and comedian Sathyan Sivakumar was signed on to essay his role after attempts to sign Sricharan of Payanam fame has failed, while S. J. Surya signed on to appear in a guest role, portraying the role enacted by Javed Jaffrey.‘Billa 2, a learning experience’. Newindianexpress.com. Retrieved on 1 June 2015. Anuya Bhagvath was signed up for a supporting role. Stage artist Sreedevi Gengiah was selected to play Jeeva's sister. Filming The first schedule of filming was held in Ooty, where scenes involving Ileana, Srikanth and Jiiva were shot. During the second schedule scenes involving the lead cast were canned at Forest Research Institute, Dehradun and a car chase at various places in Chennai, while two songs were filmed in London and Buckingham during the third schedule. Some significant parts of the film were shot in Chennai at Sun Studios, Kothandapani Studios and the Ampa Skywalk Mall, as well as in the Koyambedu water tank for three days, for which an Akila crane was used. Further filming, including the climax, was held at various locations in Europe, Andamans and Coimbatore. Filming was wrapped-up in October with a song featuring Vijay and Ileana, which was choreographed by Farah Khan. The filming process lasted for eight months. Shankar wanted to paint a train for the song sequence, so the team decided to stick paper and then paste the painting on it. Art director Muthuraj hired some 250 artists from various states who were well versed in folk drawings and finished the entire job at breakneck speed and returned the train in time. Themes and influences The film is a remake of Rajkumar Hirani's 3 Idiots (2009), which itself was adapted from the novel Five Point Someone – What not to do at IIT! by Chetan Bhagat. The film deals with the theme that one shouldn't run behind success and rather pursue his/her own interests. If one develops right skill anything is possible. According to Gauthaman Bhaskaran of Hindustan Times, "Nanban’s message is profound [..] given India’s exploitative and unimaginative education system. The film lambasts bookishness, the mad chase for marks, [..] the joy of discovering. Parental and peer pressure and the frightfully huge fees for professional courses push boys and girls into performing puppets. The higher your grades, the closer you are to securing a centum, the brighter become your chances of making it in life". The film shows characters having various interests. The character Pari is against the educational system and insists his classmates not to run behind grades rather derive pleasure by understanding and assimilating things while his principal Virumandi Sandhanam aka Virus (Sathyaraj) wants students to become a book worm to excel in academics. Venkat is interested in wildlife photography but his parents compel him to study engineering. Senthil hails from a poor family and is compelled to study professional course only to bail out his family from all troubles. The film also uses real inventions by little-known people in India's backyards. The brains behind the innovations were Remya Jose, a student from Kerala, who created the exercise-bicycle/washing-machine; Mohammad Idris, a barber from Meerut district in Uttar Pradesh, who invented a bicycle-powered horse clipper; and Jahangir Painter, a painter from Maharashtra, who made the scooter-powered flour mill which was featured in the original Hindi film. Soundtrack The soundtrack and background score was composed by Harris Jayaraj, collaborating with Shankar for the second time after Anniyan (2005). This film also marks Vijay's first collaboration with Harris Jayaraj. The album features six tracks, with lyrics being provided by Pa. Vijay, Viveka, Na. Muthukumar and Madhan Karky, the latter two penning lyrics for two songs each. Notably, Karky's lyrics in "Asku Laska" include more than 16 different languages. The full soundtrack album was released on 23 December 2011. Telugu version The release of the Telugu version album Snehithudu was held on 19 January 2012 in Hyderabad. Lyrics are Penned by Sirivennela Sitaramasastri, Vanamali, Ramajogayya Sastry. It was attended by Ram Charan Teja, Vijay, S. Shankar, Ileana, Srikanth, Harris Jayaraj, Sathyaraj, S. J. Surya, Sathyan and Dil Raju. Rajkumar Hirani, Vidhu Vinod Chopra and Sharman Joshi, who were part of the original film 3 Idiots, were also present at the event.IndiaGlitz.com wrote that the music album is "ready to mesmerize you". Behindwoods.com labelled it a "winner all the way", adding that it had "good variety all through the album [...] and ample scope for festivities in the theater". Top10cinema.com wrote that it had three songs that "strike spectacularly with its rich music and commendable lyrics", calling it a "good work by Harris". KollyTalk.com called it "Youthful and refreshing". On the contrary, Pavithra Srinivasan from Rediff wrote that there was "nothing new about the music in Nanban", concluding that Harris Jayaraj had "obviously taken the safe route, sticking to his usual template for most of the songs in this album". Release Prior to the release, Nanban was voted the "most expected film" of 2012 through an online public poll conducted by Vikatan. The film was released on 12 January 2012 for Pongal in 925 screens worldwide.Nanban advance booking opened well in Chennai city and suburbs. It had the highest number of 77 shows in a single day at Mayajaal multiplex in Chennai at that time. The film opened in nearly 625 screens in Tamil Nadu. It was released in 50 screens in Chennai and 31 screens in Hyderabad. It released simultaneously in UK, the US, Malaysia and Singapore. Nanban became the first Tamil film to be released with French subtitles in France. It also became the first film to get exempted from the 30 percent entertainment tax in Tamil Nadu by the new scheme introduced by the Government of Tamil Nadu. Distribution Telugu film distributor Dil Raju bought the theatrical rights of Snehitudu, the Telugu dubbed version of Nanban for Andhra Pradesh market. Snehitudu was released on 26 January 2012. Home Media The Television broadcasting was sold for a record sum to STAR Vijay for . Indian DVD were marketed by Moser Baer. Overseas DVD were marketed by Suara DVD. Reception Critical response Sify called it an "engaging film with noble intentions. It deserves viewing because films like this are hard to find". Behindwoods.com rated the film 3.5/5 and wrote: "Nanban has got more than something for everyone. It is very unlikely that a person finds such a wholesome package unsatisfying. All is absolutely well!" Pavithra Srinivasan from Rediff.com gave the film 3/5 stars, describing it as "the perfect feel-good fare for the festive season, despite minor glitches". Malathi Rangarajan from The Hindu wrote: "Nanban is an enjoyable cocktail of humour with some sentiment and sadness thrown in for that extra appeal. Once again Shankar proves the master craftsman that he is". Anupama Subramanian from Deccan Chronicle gave the film 3/5 stars, while labelling it as a "feel-good film with a larger message and a brilliant feat by Vijay which makes the film a not-to-be-missed one!" Venkateswaran Narayanan from Times of India noted several anachronisms in the film (such as YouTube being used in 2002 when it was actually launched in 2005) but wrote: "Such minor cribbing apart, all is well with Nanban because Shankar's retelling of 3 Idiots retains its soul and has its heart in the right place". Zee News wrote: "Nanban is a must watch, grab your tickets now. It’s the best gift Vijay could have given to his diehard fans this Pongal". IndiaGlitz.com named it a "clear entertainer", "a whiff of fresh air from the mindless masala movies" and a welcome change". Rohit Ramachandran of nowrunning.com rated it 3/5 stating that "Nanban is Rajkumar Hirani's 3 Idiots staged and presented by Shankar in a different language with grandeur. The base material is solid and Shankar obediently traces it. Out comes an uplifting entertainer that will draw raves from viewers of all kinds". Oneindia.in gave a positive verdict and wrote, "All is well. It is a Shankar's Sankrathi feast for the audience! Do not hesitate to watch Nanban even if you have seen 3 Idiots". CNN-IBN said that it was "sweet and satisfying". Acclaimed actor Kamal Hassan appreciated Vijay's performance in the movie and lauded the team's effort in making such a good entertainer. At the Internet Movie Database the film stands up with a rating of 7.8 out of 10 stars. Jeevi from Idlebrain.com with regards to the Telugu dubbed version Snehithudu commented that "the magic of 3 idiots is missing", and gave 3/5 stars. Indiaglitz stated that Snehithudu was a "passable remake". On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an audience rating of 96% based on nearly 1200 votes. Box office India In Chennai city, the film netted in its first weekend and 64% of the takings,Nanban opened at No.1 in Chennai. Behindwoods.com. Retrieved on 2 June 2014. and at the end of the first week, staying at first rank. The film accounted for 66% of the takings at the Chennai box office on its second weekend and 64% on its third weekend. The film grossed around in Chennai after seven weeks, out of which about came from Sathyam Cinemas multiplex. In Coimbatore and Nilgiris area, Nanban opened in 70 screens and netted in the first week. It also got a great opening at the Bangalore box-office, where it was still featured in Top 5 even one month after its release. The film's gross collection after its first week from 4 circuits of Coimbatore was around , the highest yield since Endhiran. OverseasNanban'' was released in 7 screens in Australia and grossed $76,580 in its first weekend. Overall it had grossed $110,422. In UK, it collected $173,789 in its first week with a per screen average of $7,241 in 24 theatres. After its 4-week run the film collected £ (16.6 million) and became the 4th highest grosser in UK. It also secured the first place in the Malaysian box-office in the first week released in 37 screens, and collected a total of $871,959 after a six-week run. It collected a sum of after 18 days at the Australian box office, whereas it had collected at the Malaysian box office within the same period. Awards and nominations Notes References External links Category:2012 films Category:2010s Tamil-language films Category:2010s buddy films Category:2010s comedy-drama films Category:Films about the education system in India Category:Films directed by S. Shankar Category:Tamil film scores by Harris Jayaraj Category:Films shot in Ooty Category:Films shot in London Category:Films shot in Madurai Category:Films shot in Uttarakhand Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh Category:Indian films Category:Indian buddy films Category:Indian comedy films Category:Indian comedy-drama films Category:Indian coming-of-age films Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films Category:Films set in universities and colleges Category:Films shot in Spain Category:Films set in Chennai

Edward Fiennes de Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln, KG (151216 January 1584/85) was an English nobleman and Lord High Admiral. He rendered valuable service to four of the Tudor monarchs. Family Edward Clinton was born at Scrivelsby in Lincolnshire, the son of Thomas Clinton, 8th Baron Clinton (1490–1517), by Jane (or Joan) Poynings, one of the seven illegitimate children of Sir Edward Poynings (1459–1521) of Westenhanger, Kent. She was the sister of Thomas Poynings, 1st Baron Poynings (died 1545), Edward Poynings (died 1546), and Sir Adrian Poynings. After the death of the 8th Baron Clinton in 1517, Jane Poynings married, as his second wife, Sir Robert Wingfield (died 1539).. Clinton succeeded his father as 9th Baron Clinton in 1517. As he was only 5 years old when his father died he was made a royal ward and by 1530 had been married off to the King's ex-mistress, the 30-year-old Bessie Blount. Career France He joined the retinue of King Henry VIII at Boulogne and Calais in 1532. He sat in the House of Lords in 1536 and later served in the Royal Navy against French and Scottish naval forces from 1544 to 1547. He was knighted in Edinburgh by Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford for his role in the capture of that city in 1544. He also took part in the Siege of Boulogne in September 1544. Under John Dudley, Viscount Lisle he saw action against the French at the Battle of Spithead in 1545 and was sent as one of the peace commissioners to France the following year. Scotland In August 1547 he was sent to Scotland with 12 ships to the Siege of St Andrews Castle to prevent a French intervention, but arrived too late. He captured Broughty Castle on 24 September, refortified it with the aid of an Italian military engineer, and installed Andrew Dudley as its captain, leaving him three ships, the Mary Hamborough, the Barque Eger, and the Phoenix. He commanded the English fleet during the invasion of Scotland by Edward Seymour and provided naval artillery support at the Battle of Pinkie on 15 September 1547. In August 1548 he sailed into the Firth of Forth and scattered French and Scottish ships near Leith. He then landed 500 men to burnt the ships in the harbour of Burntisland, and contemplated fortifying the harbour for English use. He was aboard the Great Barque. Governor of Boulogne Appointed Governor of Boulogne in 1547, he successfully defended the city against a French siege from 1549 to 1550. That same year, with Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire and of Nottinghamshire and served as Lord High Admiral under King Edward VI from 1550 to 1553, and again from 1559 to 1585. He was a Privy Counsellor from 1550 to 1553, and briefly served as an envoy to France in 1551. After appointment as Lord-Lieutenant of Lincolnshire in 1552, Clinton later took part in the defeat of Wyatt's Rebellion in Kent in 1554. He was a commander of the expedition of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke to support the Spanish forces at the Battle of Saint Quentin in northern France on 10 August 1557, but arrived after the battle was largely won. Upon his return to England, Clinton took command of the English fleet, raided the French coast and in 1558 burnt the town of Le Conquet and the surrounding area. Nothern Rebellion He was a joint commander with Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick of a large army during the Northern Rebellion; however the army was still being assembled when the rebellion was defeated in January 1570. He was created Earl of Lincoln in 1572, and served as ambassador to France, during which time he undertook several commissions from Queen Elizabeth I until his death in London on 16 January 1585. In 1541-42 following the dissolution of the monasteries, Clinton and his wife, Ursula, were granted the lands of the earlier Aslackby Preceptory of the Knights Templar—later belonging to the Knights Hospitaller—at Aslackby in Lincolnshire. Marriage and progeny He married three times: Firstly to Elizabeth Blount, Henry VIII's former mistress, by whom he produced three daughters: Lady Bridget Clinton (born c. 1536), married Robert Dymoke (Dymock or Dymocke), of Scrivelsby, Lincolnshire, c. 1556 and had ten children. He was a devout Catholic and was declared a martyr after his death. Lady Katherine Clinton (c. 153814 August 1621), married William Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh of Gainsborough (c. 152210 October 1584), son of Thomas Burgh, 1st Baron Burgh. They had two children which included Thomas Burgh, 3rd Baron Burgh. Lady Margaret Clinton (born c. 1539), married Charles Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby of Parham (died 1603), and had five children. Secondly to Ursula Stourton, daughter of William Stourton, 7th Baron Stourton by whom he produced six children: Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln, eldest son and heir. William Clinton Thomas Clinton (1548–1610); he married Mary Tyrell. Lady Frances Clinton (155212 September 1623). She was born at Scrivelsby, Lincolnshire and died at Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire. She married Giles Brydges, 3rd Baron Chandos. Anne Clinton (1553–1629) Elizabeth Clinton (1554–1634) Thirdly on 1 October 1552 to Elizabeth FitzGerald ("the fair Geraldine"), daughter of Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare and the widow of Sir Anthony Browne. The marriage was childless. Death He died in London on 16 January 1585. Further reading Charles William Chadwick Oman, A History in the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century, New York, 1937 Michael Sanderson, Sea Battles, London, 1975 Notes References External links Edward CLINTON FIENNES (1 E. Lincoln) |- Category:1512 births Category:1585 deaths Edward Category:Lord High Admirals of England Category:People from Scrivelsby Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Lincolnshire Category:English people of the Rough Wooing Category:Knights of the Garter Category:16th-century English nobility Category:16th-century Royal Navy personnel Category:People of the Tudor period Edward

Cherupuzha may refer to: Cherupuzha (Kannur), a village in the state of Kerala, India Cherupuzha (Karulai), Kerala, a river Cherupuzha (Mavoor), Kerala, a river Cherupuzha (Areekode), Kerala, a river

Pulchellidin (Pl) is an O-methylated anthocyanidin. It is a blue-red plant pigment. It can be found in Plumbago pulchella. Glycosides Pulchellidin 3-rhamnoside (molecular formula : C22H23O11, exact mass : 463.124036578) is reported in Plumbago coerulea whereas pulchellidin 3-glucoside (C22H23O12, exact mass : 479.1189512) is reported in Plumbago pulchella References Category:O-Methylated anthocyanidins Category:Pyrogallols

Private Parts & Pieces VII: Slow Waves, Soft Stars is the twelfth studio album by English multi-instrumentalist and composer Anthony Phillips. It was released in August 1987 in the United States by Audion Recording as the seventh instalment in his Private Parts & Pieces album series. The album sees Phillips explore ambient and new-age music with synthesisers and guitars. Background and recording Following the release of his previous album, Private Parts and Pieces VI: Ivory Moon, in 1986, Phillips found himself in a situation where he was "plodding along doing the same kind of things" until a lack of commissions for television music had created a gap of free time. He was unavailable to produce an album of a large scale due to insufficient funds and resources available, but wished for his next release to be "something with a more interesting and wider canvas". Having focused Private Parts & Pieces V: Twelve (1985) on guitar pieces and Ivory Moon on piano pieces, Phillips turned to a synthesiser-based album for Slow Waves, Soft Stars, an early working title for which was Flights of Fancy. Its ambient and New-age style marked a change in musical direction for Phillips, as his previous released focused more on acoustic instruments. He was not influenced by New-age albums at the time. The album contains a mixture of arranged and "adapted improvisations"; Phillips reasoned the latter style down to "the strong atmosphere of these tracks compensates for any deficiencies in the form or development". Phillips noted the fact that Slow Waves, Soft Stars broke the tradition of each album in the Private Parts & Pieces series having at least one song with a vocal track. He felt that one with vocals would not have fit the overall style of Slow Waves, Soft Stars. The album was recorded between July 1983 and March 1987 at Englewood Studios, the name of Phillips's home studio in Clapham, south London. Its front cover was photographed by Phillips in Portugal using the wrong exposure, "but that shows that sometimes good things can come out of mistakes". The photo was not his original idea as he wished for it to be the back cover, but when the record label gained enthusiasm over its New-age theme Phillips felt it was necessary to put it on the front. The back cover photo was taken by Tif Hunter using a fisheye lens on a boat trip to France in 1981 for a friend's stag party. Music Phillips recorded the five-part "Ice Flight" suite with a Roland Jupiter-8 keyboard loaned to him. He did not write any of the settings down; instead, he searched for sounds he liked and played them. "Beachrunner" and "End of the Affair" feature Argentine musician Enrique Berro Garcia, who Phillips had collaborated with on Private Parts and Pieces III: Antiques (1982) before Garcia returned to Argentina. Garcia arrived in the United Kingdom in early 1986. Both tracks originate from much longer pieces that they had devised during a spontaneous session in April 1986. "Sospirando" originates from a demo that Phillips had assembled in his pitch to score the drama film The Honorary Consul (1983). "Vanishing Streets" and "Slow Waves, Soft Stars" are improvised pieces that were played on a Casio CZ-5000 synthesiser, which Phillips does not rate highly but noted its usefulness for only certain sounds. He was particularly impressed by its ability to create "A constant series of rising and falling envelopes and the characteristics of those pieces was that you got long, sustained notes dipping and before they dip, another one comes in". "The Golden Pathway" originates from the 1986 television film God's Chosen Car Park which Phillips had scored music for in the summer of 1986. Release The album was released in August 1987 in the United States by Audion Recording. It remained unreleased in the United Kingdom until Virgin Records put it out in 1991. The album was reissued in 1996 and 2010, the latter as a double release with Private Parts & Pieces VIII: New England (1992). In 2016, the album was included in the Private Parts & Pieces V–VIII box set. Track listing All titles composed, performed, and produced by Anthony Phillips, except "Beachrunner" and "End of the Affair" composed by Phillips and Enrique Berro Garcia. Personnel Credits taken from the album's 1987 liner notes. Music Anthony Phillips – Roland Jupiter-8, Casio CZ-5000, ARP 2600, Polymoog, Yari classical guitar, Rudloff 8-string guitar, Alvarez 12-string guitar on "Goodbye Serenade", Tom drum machine, Tibetan bells and chimes, zither on "Behind the Waterfall" Enrique Berro Garcia – classical guitar on "Flight of the Whale-Birds: Blizzard Mountain" and "Flight of the Albatross: Ice Island" Production Anthony Phillips (aka "Vic Stench of Thrombosis") – production, back cover photography Paul Graves – technical supervision John Lee – inspiration Tif Hunter – front cover photo Murray Brenman – design References Category:1987 albums Category:Anthony Phillips albums

Miles Anderson (born 23 October 1947) is a Zimbabwean stage and television actor, who has appeared in television serials both in the United Kingdom, and North America. He recently appeared as Alistair the photographer in the film La La Land. Born in 1947 in Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, Anderson was educated at Prince Edward School. His father commanded the Rhodesian Army and in 1964 was dismissed for his opposition to the Government. His mother, Daphne, wrote 'The Toerags' a memoir of her difficult childhood in Rhodesia. He has appeared in the US television series, Criminal Minds, as well as the ongoing show Ultimate Force in which he played Colonel Aiden Dempsey for the entirety of its production. He had previously played Lt. Col. Dan Fortune in ITV's Soldier Soldier (series 1 and 2 only, 1991–92). He was awarded the 1982 London Critics' Circle Drama Theatre Award for Best Supporting Actor of 1981 for his performances in The Twin Rivals and The Witch of Edmontonand an Olivier Nomination for his performance as Sigismund in Calderon's Life's A Dream at the Royal Shakespeare Company. His numerous performances for television include Fall of Eagles, Z-Cars, The Sweeney. Campion, House of Cards, Oliver's Travels, Every Woman Knows a Secret and Holby City. Anderson has also appeared in two episodes of Midsomer Murders entitled "Death In Disguise" and "Last Year's Model", and was the voice of Poseidon in the 1997 TV adaptation of The Odyssey. Anderson was seen as Major Marchbanks in the BBC adaptation of Philip Pullman's The Ruby in the Smoke and in 2007, he appeared in the sixth series of the crime-drama Waking the Dead. In 2008, he made a brief appearance as Edward Tunstall in the BBC's EastEnders. He also narrated the Sky1 version of the New Zealand documentary The Lion Man and appeared in an episode of A Touch of Frost. In 2010, Anderson appeared as the title character in The Madness of George III mounted by director Adrian Noble at San Diego's Old Globe Theatre. He won the San Diego's Critics' Circle award for Best Actor. In 2011, he played Prospero in The Tempest and Salieri in Amadeus, both directed by Noble. In 2013, he again won the San Diego Critic's Circle Award for his Shylock in Adrian Noble's production of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. In 2015, Anderson appeared as Renard in the BBC TV series The Musketeers (episode 2.5 "The Return"). His film credits include roles in The Thirty Nine Steps (1978), The Shillingbury Blowers (1980), Sky Bandits (1986) and Cry Freedom. Anderson is an associate member of RADA. He is the father of actor Joe Anderson and chef Max Anderson. Filmography The Thirty Nine Steps (1978) The Shillingbury Blowers (1980) Sky Bandits (1986) Cry Freedom (1987) A Far Off Place (1993) The Odyssey (1997) (voice role) Fast Food (1999) The King Is Alive (2000) The Silent Fall (2007) Ninja (2009) Vishwaroopam (2013) La La Land (2016) References External links Category:1947 births Category:English male television actors Category:Living people Category:Alumni of Prince Edward School Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Category:Rhodesian emigrants to the United Kingdom

Isaria is a genus of fungi mostly in the order Hypocreales and family Clavicipitaceae, or by some authorities the Cordycipitaceae. It includes a large number of entomopathogenic species, some of them exploited as biopesticides (e.g. I. fumosorosea): often previously assigned to the genus Paecilomyces. The teleomorph of this genus appears to be Ophiocordyceps. Species The Encyclopaedia of Life lists the following species: References Category:Clavicipitaceae Category:Biological pest control

Edward Richard Buxton Shanks (11 June 1892 – 4 May 1953) was an English writer, known as a war poet of World War I, then as an academic and journalist, and literary critic and biographer. He also wrote some science fiction. He was born in London, and educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He passed his B.A. in History in 1913. He was editor of Granta from 1912–13. He served in World War I with the British Army in France, but was invalided out in 1915, and did administrative work until war's end. He was later a literary reviewer, working for the London Mercury (1919–22) and for a short while a lecturer at the University of Liverpool (1926). He was the chief leader-writer for the Evening Standard from 1928 to 1935. The People of the Ruins (1920) was a science-fiction novel in which a man wakes after being put into suspended animation in 1924, to discover a devastated Britain 150 years in the future. The People of the Ruins has an anti-communist subtext (the future 1924 is devastated by Marxist revolutionaries). Awards and honors He was the first recipient of the Hawthornden Prize in 1919. Works Songs (1915) poems Hilaire Belloc, the man and his work (1916) with C. Creighton Mandell Poems (1916) The Queen of China and Other Poems (1919) poems The Old Indispensables (1919) novel The People of the Ruins (1920) novel Text at Project Gutenberg Australia The Island of Youth and Other Poems (1921) poems The Richest Man (1923) novel First Essays on Literature (1923) criticism Fête Galante (1923) opera libretto Bernard Shaw (1924) criticism The Shadowgraph and Other Poems (1925) Collected Poems (1900–1925) (1926) The Beggar's Ride (1926) drama Second Essays on Literature (1927) criticism (W.Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., London) Queer Street (1933) The Enchanted Village (1933)(A sequel "Queer Street", however, this one more uncommon)Poems 1912–1932 (1933)Tom Tiddler's Ground (1934)Old King Cole (1936) novelEdgar Allan Poe (1937)My England (1939)Rudyard Kipling – A Study in Literature and Political Ideas (1940)Poems 1939–1952 (1953) Notes Further reading Ross, Robert H. (1965). The Georgian Revolt, 1910–1922 : Rise and Fall of a Poetic Ideal'', Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press. External links Category:1892 births Category:1953 deaths Category:English science fiction writers Category:English male journalists Category:People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood Category:Artists' Rifles soldiers Category:British male poets Category:English male novelists Category:20th-century English poets Category:20th-century English novelists Category:20th-century British male writers

Polish 19th Infantry Division was formed in 1923, from three regiments of the divisions that had previously formed armed forces of the Republic of Central Lithuania. Originally, it consisted of the following infantry regiments: 85th Wilno Regiment (formerly part of the 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division), 86th Minsk Regiment (formerly part of the 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division), 77th Kowno Regiment (formerly part of the 2nd Lithuanian-Belarusian Division). During the interbellum period, the division was stationed in the city of Wilno, which in 1922–1939 was part of the Second Polish Republic. Until 1927, it was commanded by General Michal Tokarzewski-Karaszewicz, who was replaced by General Tadeusz Kasprzycki (1927–1931). For most of the 1930s, the division was commanded by General Eugeniusz Godziejewski, who in mid-April 1936 was replaced by its last interbellum commandant, General Jozef Kwaciszewski. The 19th I.D. fought in the September 1939 German Invasion of Poland, as part of the Prusy Army. Later it was recreated as a Home Army unit, taking part in the Operation Ostra Brama in the summer of 1944. The 19th I.D. under General Jozef Kwaciszewski belonged to northern group of Prusy Army, under General Stefan Dąb-Biernacki. On September 5, 1939, the division was sent to the area of Piotrków Trybunalski, where it faced the 1st Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht. Under German pressure, it had to withdraw on September 6, and on the same day, the Germans captured General Kwaciszewski. On September 7 in the evening, units of the division scattered, trying to break through German lines and escape eastwards, towards the Vistula. On September 8 Colonel Tadeusz Pelczynski began reconstruction of the division, with two infantry regiments (77th, 86th), and some artillery, which managed to cross the Vistula. Following the order of General Dab-Biernacki, its name was changed to the 19th Infantry Brigade. The unit took part in the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski, capitulating on September 27. Reserve center of the division was stationed in Lida. On September 17, 1939, when news of the Soviet Invasion of Poland reached the town, an assault company of 150 men was formed in Lida, with the task of breaking through the advancing Red Army, and reaching Wilno. The plan was changed, and the company headed for Grodno, where it took place in the Battle of Grodno. Sources See also Polish army order of battle in 1939 Polish contribution to World War II List of Polish divisions in World War II 19th Category:Military units and formations established in 1923 pl:19 Dywizja Piechoty (II RP)

The Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex () is a mosque complex designed and built between 1580 and 1587 by Mimar Sinan, who at the time was in his 90s. The mosque itself was constructed in 1578-1580. The complex is located in the Tophane neighbourhood of the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey. It is named after Kılıç Ali Pasha. It consists of a mosque, a medrese, a hamam, a türbe, and a fountain. Originally, it had been on the coastline, but since the sea in front of it has been filled again, it is now surrounded by other buildings. The complex was built on the orders of the Kapudan-i Derya (Grand Admiral) Kılıç Ali Pasha. When the Pasha was told to build the complex on the sea for being the Chief Captain, he had the mosque built on the land reclaimed from the sea. Architecture There are two chronograms that date the mosque, both yielding the year 988 in the Hijri (Islamic) calendar (1580 in the Julian calendar). One of the two inscriptions, at the outer entrance of the complex, features a 4-verse poem in jali thuluth calligraphic script in Ottoman Turkish by the poet Ulvî and written by calligrapher Demircikulu Yusuf: Mîr-i bahr â’nî Kılıç Paşa Kapudan-ı zemân Yaptı çün bu camii ola yeri Darüsselâm Hâtif-i kudsî görüp Ulvî dedi tarihini Ehl-i imâna ibâdetgâh olsun bu makam The letters in the final line, “May this be a house of worship for people of the faith,” add up to the number 988. All three doors of the courtyard are ornamented. The courtyard also has a marble fountain for ablution before prayer with eight columns and a dome. The outer porch has a sloping roof supported by twelve columns on the west façade and three on each side, all with rhombus-shaped capitals. In the center is a marble portal. At the outer courtyard in the graveyard stands an octagonal türbe with a dome also made by Mimar Sinan. Its wooden doors are inlaid with mother-of-pearl. Kılıç Ali Pasha's tomb lies inside the türbe. The medrese, opposite the southeast corner of the mosque, is almost square. This structure might not be constructed by Mimar Sinan as it is not in the official list of his works, the Tazkirat-al-Abniya. To the right of the mosque is the hamam, of which the construction was completed in 1583. The glass doors lead into two separate soğukluks (cool rooms) that are placed on either sides of the hararet (caldarium-hot room) which is hexagonal in plan with open bathing places in four of its six arched recesses, the other two opening to the soğukluks. The placement of the soğukluks and the plan of the hararet differ from the usual application carried out by Sinan in his other extant hamams. Mosque The central dome of the mosque is in diameter, carried on pendentives on granite piers and two half-domes on the Qibla axis. Towards the entrance, on two sides, there is a two-story gallery. The dome is placed at the center with two exedrae similar to a Byzantine basilica, thus the resemblance to Hagia Sophia. Above the prayer hall are five small domes carried on six marble columns. The tile panels placed high in the prayer hall are inscribed with ayats (verses) from the Quran. The mosque has only one minaret with one gallery. There are 247 windows including the 24 of the central dome. The mihrab is in a square projecting apse. A 16th-century ship lamp that used to hang from the central dome was taken off to be displayed at the Museum of Ottoman and Turkish Naval History in 1948. Gallery Rumours The Turkish researcher Rasih Nuri İleri claimed during his examination of the complex's foundation documents that Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes was a forced worker at the construction of the complex during his enslavement, like the Captive character in his novel Don Quixote. It is said that when Kılıç Ali Pasha decided to endow a mosque toward the end of his life, he applied to the state for a grant of land (since all land belonged to the state in the Ottoman Empire). He and Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha shared a strong dislike for each other, so the Vizier reportedly said: "Since he is the admiral, let him build his mosque on the sea." Undeterred, Kılıç Ali Pasha had tons of rocks brought from all over the region and built the mosque on an artificial island connected to the mainland by a narrow causeway. The mosque is now well inland, since the sea was filled during the construction of a modern port. See also List of Friday mosques designed by Mimar Sinan References External links Interior pictures of Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque a map and a short guide for Sinan's works in Istanbul Outside exterior photos of Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque Over 50 pictures, mainly of the interior Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1580 Category:16th-century mosques Category:Mimar Sinan buildings Category:Ottoman mosques in Istanbul Category:Religious buildings and structures with domes Category:Beyoğlu

Albert Green (also known as A. B. Green) was an American record industry executive, and founder and president of National Records. Biography Green was born in Chicago where he worked as a union organizer for the Painters Union. He moved to Phillipsburg, New Jersey where he owned a plastic pressing plant. During World War II, his factory switched from producing toilet seat covers to producing plastic records - which had previously been made from shellac. Seeing that the real money was in producing records and not knowing anything about the business, he hired Sylvia Langler (later his wife), who had experience in the industry. In 1944, he founded National Records and hired Herb Abramson, a friend of his wife, as his A&R man. As the business grew, he brought in more A&R men including Lee Magid, Bob Shad, and Jesse Stone. Personal life He married his secretary, Sylvia Langler. His son is Irving Green. References Category:Businesspeople from Chicago Category:American Jews Category:American record producers

Kuniyoshi (written: 国吉 or 國吉) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: , Japanese footballer , American painter and photographer , Japanese baseball player Kuniyoshi (written: 邦嘉, 邦佳, 邦栄, 國義 or 國芳) is also a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: , Japanese mixed martial artist , Japanese painter, illustrator and photographer , Japanese educational theorist and publisher , Japanese scientist , Japanese daimyō , Japanese artist in woodblock printing and painting Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi (1873–1929), member of the Japanese imperial family and field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army References Category:Japanese-language surnames Category:Japanese masculine given names

Under ConTroll aka Goblin - Das ist echt Troll / Goblin - Out of ConTroll is a German horror film by director Eric Dean Hordes. The film is based on the legend of Burkart Keller, a knight from Baden-Baden, Germany. It was partially funded through a successful crowdfunding campaign. Plot Habermann Version Based on a legend from the Black Forest of Germany, Under ConTROLL follows an evil troll who was cast into stone and sealed inside a statue in the 15th century. He is inadvertently brought back to life in the present day and is hell-bent on getting revenge for 700 years of imprisonment. To stay undetected, the troll possesses the body of a beautiful, sexy local villager, and sets his sights on opening a portal to the underworld which would unleash an army of trolls to help him take over the world. Only a prominent scientist, a nosy neighbor, and the woman's teenage daughter suspect that something is amiss, and desperately try to stop the troll from destroying mankind. Hordes Version During construction work in Baden-Baden, Germany, an evil troll, who was turned into stone by a magician in the 15th century, is accidentally brought back to life. The troll tries to free his demonic companions from another dimension. Therefore he needs the Great Book of Spells and the blood of a virgin. In order not to be discovered, the troll takes the form of Vanessa Majer and turns her cousin Helga into his involuntary slave. Under the influence of the spell, Helga assists the troll in his attempt to catch Charlie, the virgin boyfriend of Vanessa's daughter Natalja. The plan of the troll seems to come true if it wasn't for the writer Dr. Fischer, the unsuccessful magician Rumburak, and the nosy neighbor Béatrice, who want to expose the troll. Cast Helmut Krauss – Dr. Fischer Katy Karrenbauer – Helga Wolf Jiří Lábus – Rumburak Désirée Nick – Katharina von Baden Cecilia Pillado – Béatrice Nadir Sisman – Charlie George Hardy – Michael Waits Ralf Bauer – Bengelhart Keller Billie Zöckler – Tipi Santiago Ziesmer – César Britta Selling – Madame Pimèle Eva Habermann – Vanessa Majer Desiree Altig – Natalja Majer Production Under ConTROLL aka Goblin - That is really Troll is the first feature film produced by the production company Merkurfilm GmbH. Eric Dean Hordes and Alexander König wrote the script inspired by the B horror film Troll 2 and the French comedy Les Visiteurs. They were supported by screenwriter Simon Hauschild and Katy Karrenbauer. The book captures the Keller Saga and transforms the historic notes into a story set in the present time set in the 1980s. The original story is centered around the legendary figure Burkart Keller. It delivers a motif that goes back into the late Middle Ages which can be found in the Trinkhalle, diverse crosses, the Battert Rock, and various other old sources. Creature Artist Jörg Steegmüller became co-producer from the very beginning and provided a monetary value of 130,000 euros. Actress Eva Habermann later took on a role as co-producer. Public dispute Desiree Nick claimed, Habermann offered her €500 to sign a paper that states Habermann owns the movie rights. Habermann now wants to ban the film. Eva Habermann's production company Fantomfilm GmbH bought the film rights from the bankruptcy estate of Merkurfilm. On October 25, 2019 the German newspaper BILD announced to show the film in the Hordes version for 48 hours on their website for subscribers. That announcement was deleted one day later. Under Controll aka Goblin- That is really Troll and Troll 2 After reaching an agreement with Troll 2 director Claudio Fragasso, Eric Dean Hordes was allowed to integrate the Troll 2 character Michael Waits into Goblin - That is really Troll. They engaged the original actor, George Hardy, to reprise his role as Michael Waits and establish Goblin - That is really Troll as a film crossover that draws on Michael Waits’ events and mixes them with the story. In Goblin - That is really Troll, it's the other way around: the main character is a Troll and there are no Goblins. References External links Goblin - Das ist echt Troll on IMDb Startnext (deutsch) Category:German films Category:2010s monster movies Category:Internet memes Category:2019 films

Kornilyevskaya Sloboda () is a rural locality (a village) in Rostilovskoye Rural Settlement, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 14 as of 2002. Geography The distance to Gryazovets is 4 km, to Rostilovo is 6 km. Gorka is the nearest rural locality. References Category:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast Category:Rural localities in Gryazovetsky District

George Richardson Cottrelle (March 2, 1879 – January 1, 1953) was born and raised in the former Township of Esquesing, which is now the Town of Milton. After graduating from the Ontario Agricultural College, he spent some years working for the Department of Agriculture, before joining the Canadian Bank of Commerce in 1925, where he became a Bank Director from 1938 to 1953. Cottrelle served on several boards including: Maple Leaf Gardens, Abitibi Power and Paper Company and the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. He was an executive with the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1930s and 1940s, and helped to finance the building of Maple Leaf Gardens in Downtown Toronto (on the northwest corner of Carlton Street and Church Street) in 1931. His name is inscribed on the Stanley Cup with the Maple Leafs for their victory in 1942. He was a banker by profession and was appointed Oil Controller for Canada on June 29, 1940 by the wartime government of MacKenzie King on the recommendation of his Minister of Transport C. D. Howe. This was described as "the toughest of all jobs during the war," but Cottrelle was awarded the Order of the British Empire for his service to Canada through his position. On February 22, 2014, George R. Cottrelle was inducted into the Milton Walk Of Fame. References External links Picture of George Cottrelle's Name on the 1942 Stanley Cup Plaque George Cottrelle Appointed National Oil Controller June 29, 1940 Category:1879 births Category:1953 deaths Category:Toronto Maple Leafs executives Category:Stanley Cup champions

The 1988 Bristol City Council election took place on 5 May 1988 to elect members of Bristol City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of seats were up for election. This was the first election following the merger of the Liberal Party and SDP to form the Social & Liberal Democrats. There were also several candidates representing the continuing SDP. There was a general small swing to Labour. Ward results The change is calculated using the results when these actual seats were last contested, i.e. the 1984 election. Avonmouth The Conservatives won Avonmouth in a by-election in 1987 and lost the seat back to Labour at this election. Bishopston Bishopsworth Brislington East Brislington West Clifton Cotham Hartcliffe Henbury Hengrove Henleaze Horfield Kingsweston Knowle Redland St George East St George West Southmead Stockwood Stoke Bishop Westbury-on-Trym Whitchurch Park Windmill Hill Sources Bristol Evening Post 6 May 1988 1988 Category:1988 English local elections Category:1980s in Bristol

was a professional Go player. Biography Ohira was born in Gifu, Japan. Taken under the wing of the prolific Kitani Minoru in 1941, Ohira quickly rose in rank. By 1947, he had obtained professional 1 dan, being promoted to 2 dan in the same year. By 1955 he was 6 dan, and by 1963 he reached the peak of 9 dan. His first big break came in 1966 when he won the Nihon Ki-in Championship, and defended it for 3 years. Along with Takagawa Kaku, Sakata Eio, and Ishida Yoshio, Ohira was the only player to win this title. In 1977, he won his first major title by winning the Hayago Championship. Ten years later her set a new record of successive wins, with 17. During his time, he was an active player in the Meijin and Honinbo leagues. He lived in Yokohama, Japan before he died. Titles & runners-up Category:1930 births Category:1998 deaths Category:Japanese Go players

The Torres–Banks languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in the Torres Islands and Banks Islands of northern Vanuatu. Languages François (2011) recognizes 17 languages spoken by 9,400 people in 50 villages, including 16 living (3 of which are moribund) and one extinct language. The 17 languages, ranked from northwest to southeast, are: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Language !! Number of speakers !! ISO 639-3 code !! Island(s) spoken |- | Hiw || 280 || || Hiw |- | Lo-Toga || 580 || || Tegua, Lo, Toga |- | Lehali || 200 || || Ureparapara |- | Löyöp || 240 || || Ureparapara |- | Volow || extinct || || Mota Lava |- | Mwotlap || 2100 || || Mota Lava |- | Lemerig || 2 (moribund) || || Vanua Lava |- | Vera'a || 500 || || Vanua Lava |- | Vurës || 2000 || || Vanua Lava |- | Mwesen || 10 (moribund) || || Vanua Lava |- | Mota || 750 || || Mota |- | Nume || 700 || || Gaua |- | Dorig || 300 || || Gaua |- | Koro || 250 || || Gaua |- | Olrat || 3 (moribund) || || Gaua |- | Lakon || 800 || || Gaua |- | Mwerlap || 1100 || || Merelava |} Codrington (1885) also lists the Alo-Teqel language, long since extinct. Comparative studies A. François has published several studies comparing various features of the Torres–Banks languages: François (2005): Inventories of vowel systems, and their historical development; François (2007): Systems of noun articles, and their historical development; François (2009): How several languages grammaticalized a set of light personal pronouns into markers for “aorist” aspect; François (2011): How Torres–Banks languages tend to show structural isomorphism, yet lexical diversity; François (2013): Etymological reconstruction of spiritual terms in Torres–Banks languages; François (2015): Systems of geocentric space directionals, and their historical development; François (2016): Historical morphology of personal pronouns. François (2012) is a sociolinguistic study of the area. Genealogical structure of the Torres–Banks linkage The internal structure of the Torres–Banks linkage was assessed based on the Comparative method, and presented in the framework of historical glottometry (François 2014, 2017; Kalyan & François 2018). Kalyan & François (2018: 81) identified the following best-supported subgroups (in decreasing order of genealogical closeness): Mwotlap – Volow Hiw – Lo-Toga Vurës – Mwesen Lemerig – Vera'a Koro – Olrat – Lakon Dorig – Koro – Olrat – Lakon Olrat – Lakon Lehali – Löyöp – Mwotlap – Volow 15 Banks languages together (Lehali – Löyöp – Mwotlap – Volow – Lemerig – Vera'a – Vurës – Mwesen – Mota – Nume – Dorig – Koro – Olrat – Lakon – Mwerlap) etc. Notes References Codrington, Robert Henry (1885). The Melanesian Languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press (full text from the Internet Archive). . External links Map and information on the 17 Torres & Banks languages. Category:Languages of Vanuatu *

Freightdynamics is a subsidiary of South Africa's state-owned transport giant Transnet. The company operates four main terminals: Johannesburg, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban. See also Intermodal freight transport External links Freightdynamics Category:Companies based in Johannesburg Category:Transport operators of South Africa

End of Everything are a Progressive death metal band from Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. Their album Three is out now and received a 7/10 from Metal Hammer. They have supported Fear Factory and recently played the Taste of Chaos Festival. References External links Official website with samples from album Myspace page for the band Category:British progressive metal musical groups Category:Scottish death metal musical groups

Allied Air Command İzmir was a component command within NATO. History Previously designated AIRSOUTH and located in Italy, the Headquarters of the Allied Air Component Command for Southern Europe was established in İzmir, Turkey, on 11 August 2004. The command, which was renamed the Allied Air Command İzmir in 2010, reported to the Allied Joint Force Command Naples based in Naples, Italy. The last commander of the NATO Allied Air Component Command İzmir was Lieutenant General Ralph Jodice. It was deactivated on 1 June 2013 when Allied Air Command at Ramstein became the sole allied air component command. References Category:Formations of the NATO Military Command Structure 1994–present Category:Military units and formations established in 2004 Category:Military in İzmir Province

Sinclair House was a 19th-century hotel which stood at 754 Broadway His New York Times obituary described him as "one of the best-known hotel keepers in this country." After Ashman died, his widow thereafter operated the hotel until it closed on April 4, 1908, the same day that the Fifth Avenue Hotel closed. Visitors to Sinclair House included Horace Greeley, William Cullen Bryant, Grover Cleveland, and Sam Ward, the namesake for the hotel restaurant's "Sam Ward Steak." The restaurant in the hotel was well known, described by one New York paper in 1920 as "celebrated for its toothsome terrapin, its canvasback ducks, its turtle soup, its oyster and tripe stews, no less than for its more plebeian corned beef and cabbage." Francis Marion Crawford's novel Katharine Lauderdale was partially written while he stayed there, and its events are laid out in the same neighborhood. Henry Cuyler Bunner stayed there while writing Short Sixes and his Washington Square stories. Other well-known guests included playwright Paul Potter and explorer Paul Du Chaillu. The Sinclair House hosted many events. For example, in November 1863 it hosted a meeting of the mayoralty convention of New York City and the County of New York, organized by the Democratic Party general committee. The same month the establishment was the location of delegate selection of several conventions pertinent to the 5th Ward Union Association. Replacement building The hotel was demolished shortly after closing in April 1908 to make way for an office building. A 12-story building was constructed in 1908–09, aka "The Sinclair Building", and is still standing as of 2015. See also List of former hotels in Manhattan References External links 1895 photo at New York Heritage digital collections 1900 Menu for Sinclair House, New York Public Library (note steaks with more expensive "a la Sam Ward" option) Sinclair House records (1893–1908) information, New York Public Library Archives & Manuscripts Category:Defunct hotels in Manhattan Category:History of New York City Category:1908 disestablishments in New York (state) Category:19th-century establishments in New York (state) Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Manhattan Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1908 Category:Broadway (Manhattan)

The rodent family Diatomyidae, found in Asia, is represented by a single known living species, Laonastes aenigmamus. "Lazarus effect" Before Laonastes was discovered, the family Diatomyidae was known only from fossils. The family has a nearly continuous fossil range from Early Oligocene fossils of Fallomus from the Lower Chitarwata Formation (32.5 million years ago, Bugti Member, Bugti Hills,) in Balochistan, Pakistan, to Middle/Late Miocene fossils (11 Mya) of Diatomys. Jenkins et al. reported the discovery of a wholly unique new species of rodent, Laonastes aenigmamus, for which they created a new family, Laonastidae. They suggested it was a hystricognath rodent, but basal to all other hystricognaths. Dawson, et al, re-evaluated the phylogenetic position of Laonastes based on morphology and included fossil taxa in their analysis. They determined Laonastes is actually sciurognathous and belongs to the Diatomyidae. They also described the Diatomyidae as a Lazarus taxon due to the 11-million-year gap between the most recent diatomyid in the fossil record and the existence of Laonastes today. The only other comparable length of time for a mammal Lazarus taxon is the monito del monte, which is part of a family (Microbiotheriidae), also most recently known from Miocene deposits. Mary Dawson described Laonastes as the "coelacanth of rodents" . Characteristics The Diatomyidae are similar to both the Ctenodactylidae and the Anomaluromorpha in being simultaneously hystricomorphous and sciurognathous. The masseteric fossa in diatomyids is enlarged and extends to below the first cheek tooth. The enamel on incisors is multiserial (similar to the springhare, gundis, and Hystricognathi). The single premolar on both the upper and lower tooth rows is enlarged (unlike the reduced state in Ctenodactylidae). Most diatomyids have cheek teeth with four roots except for the first. In Laonastes, the lower molars have four roots, but upper cheek teeth have three roots including a U-shaped anterior root that may be derived from the merging of two roots. Living diatomyids are only represented by the Laotian rock rat from the Khammouan region of Laos. Fossil diatomyids have been recovered in Pakistan, India, Thailand, China, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. Relationship to other rodents The uniqueness of the Laotian rock rat was clear upon its initial discovery. The results of the phylogenetic analyses were somewhat inconclusive and contradictory. Both morphological and molecular studies suggested Laonastes is a member of the rodent suborder Hystricognathi. The morphological analysis suggested it is the most basal hystricognath. Fossil taxa were not included in the morphological analysis. Analysis of mtDNA 12S rRNA and cytochrome b sequence, however, suggested Laonastes might be related to living African hystricognaths such as the dassie rat and the naked mole rat. Another type of analysis on the cytochrome b sequence data produced the same result as morphology. Neither analysis, however, showed entirely robust statistical support for the position of Laonastes within the hystricognaths; altogether, it appeared to belong among the basal African radiation. Dawson et al. also refuted the notion that Laonastes is a hystricognath and instead argued that the mandible is sciurognathous. They evaluated Laonastes in comparison to several fossil rodents and determined it is closely related to the diatomyids, particularly Diatomys. Their results suggested the Diatomyidae are a sister group to the Ctenodactylidae, and this diatomyid/ctenodactylid clade (along with the Yuomyidae) is sister to the Hystricognathi. Besides Laonastes, other diatomyids have also been placed in different families. Some placed Diatomys in the family Pedetidae (springhares). Others considered Fallomus to belong to the Chapattimyidae (a completely fossil group). The family Diatomyidae was erected and considered to be a member of the superfamily Ctenodactyloidea. Marivaux et al. united the two into a single family (Diatomyidae), but also suggested this family might be related to the Pedetidae. Dawson's fossil study was corroborated by more comprehensive DNA sequence analyses, which suggested a roughly Lutetian (about 44 Mya, Early/Middle Eocene) divergence date between the ancestors of the Laotian rock rat and the African gundis, which are each other's closest living relatives. Considering the present-day distribution, the fossil record, and Eocene paleogeography, this divergence probably took place in one of three regions. Either the lineages split in Eurasia, somewhere in today's Zagros Mountains or adjacent ranges of the Alpide belt. These at that time formed a rugged and broken coastline with many offshore islands, as they emerged from the shrinking Tethys Sea. Alternatively, the entire Ctenodactyloidea might be of African origin, or the lineage split took place on India as it joined the Asian mainland, with the gundis reaching Africa via the Mascarene Plateau's archipelagos and island continents. Each hypothesis would unite the paleontological, anatomical, and molecular findings into a robust model. Which one is preferred depends on whether the Hystricomorpha were Laurasian or Gondwanan in origin. Species †Fallomus †Fallomus razae †Fallomus ginsburgi †Fallomus quraishyi †Diatomys †Diatomys shantungensis †Diatomys liensis †Diatomys chitaparwalensis †Marymus †Marymus dalanae †Pierremus †Pierremus explorator †Pierremus ladakhensis †Willmus †Willmus maximus †Inopinatia †Inopinatia balkanica Laonastes Laonastes aenigmamus - Laotian rock rat References External links Carnegie Museum Press Release: "New family of mammal really living fossil" with images Detailed article on finding that Laonastes is a diatomyid Another article on finding that Laonastes is a diatomyid Category:Rodent families Category:Extant Rupelian first appearances

Sir Gerald Grove, 3rd Baronet (18 December 1886 – 3 March 1962) was a British military leader and filmmaker. He was one of the Grove Baronets. Life and career He was educated at Sherborne School in Sherborne, Dorset. Grove joined the British South Africa Police in Rhodesia in 1911 and served during World War I in the South-West Africa Campaign and East African Campaign and with the King's African Rifles, rising to rank of lieutenant. He was co-director of the 1929 film A Dangerous Woman and served in technical advisory roles in Tower of London, Christopher Strong, and the 1930 version of Raffles. After holding several government positions, he succeeded to his title on 9 February 1932 and died unmarried 30 years later. He had inherited the manor of Sedgehill, Wiltshire, which was sold after his death. References External links Category:1886 births Category:1962 deaths Category:British South Africa Police officers Category:King's African Rifles officers Category:British military personnel of World War I Category:People educated at Sherborne School Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom

The Fox Oakland Theatre is a 2,800-seat concert hall, a former movie theater, located at 1807 Telegraph Avenue in Downtown Oakland. It originally opened in 1928, running films until 1970. Designed by Weeks and Day, the theatre is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was refurbished in the 2000s and reopened as a concert venue on February 5, 2009. History Originally intended to be named "The Bagdad" because of its Middle Eastern influenced architecture, the theater instead displayed the name "The Oakland" on the marquee, with the word "Oakland" forming the main portion of the vertical blade sign above the marquee. It was also known as the "West Coast Oakland". The Oakland became the 251st theater to open in the West Coast Theater chain. Opening day was October 27, 1928, after two years of construction. The opening celebration was highly anticipated by the Bay Area residents, as the theater's 3,200 seats made it the largest in Oakland, more than the nearby Orpheum Theatre in San Francisco which held 2,561, and more than the new 1,075-seat Dufwin which had opened three weeks earlier. The first film shown at the Oakland was Fox's The Air Circus, an early sound film. Live performances took place on stage between films and newsreels, including "King of the Banjo" Eddie Peabody. House Music was provided by the Hermie King band with 20 members, and by an organist playing the house organ, a Wurlitzer Opus 1960 with 3 manuals and 15 ranks of pipes. A staff of 150 was required to run the theater. In March 1929, the theater was renamed the "Fox Oakland" when William Fox bought the West Coast Theatres chain and merged it with his Fox Theatres chain. The launch of the Fox was expected to earn high earnings in the downtown district. Reestablishing the movie industry, the Fox offered the opportunity to stray from the silent films and helped introduce the “talkies” by having a live stage show. Years of Closure Attendance significantly dropped in the 1960s and on September 14, 1965 the Fox closed, "temporarily," according to the San Francisco Chronicle, "The movie ... which will be shown on the Fox Oakland's last day is the Marlon Brando spy melodrama, Morituri". During the next seven years the theater opened sporadically for movies and special events, but never found a market that could support the required overhead and maintenance. In 1973 the theater building was twice the victim of arson after the owner refused to hire a quota of Black Panthers and pay for their "protection". In 1977 the theater was used during the filming of the horror film Nightmare in Blood directed by John Stanley. In 1983 and 1984 the Dickens Fair used the theater for Victorian England reenactments, setting up a mock village. By 1975 the building was in such disrepair that the City's Public Works Department presented a plan for the City to purchase the property, demolish the building, and create a parking lot. However, their plans floundered and on Jan. 24 1978 the Mann Theater Group sold the theater at auction to Mario and Erma DeLucchi for $340,000. A few months after the purchase, Mr. DeLucchi died of a heart attack and plans for a restoration of the theater never took off. With the support of then-Oakland Mayor Lionel Wilson the building was designated an Oakland City Landmark in 1978 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places the following year. Restoration In 1996, the Oakland Redevelopment Agency bought the building for $3 million. In 1999 a group of concerned citizens formed the Friends of The Oakland Fox and some badly needed restoration work began. In December 2004, the Oakland Redevelopment Agency received a $2.9 million grant for further restoration of the theater. When mayor Jerry Brown needed to find a new home for the Oakland School for the Arts, a charter high school dedicated to the arts, the task fell to the Redevelopment Staff who conceived of the idea of placing the school in the retail and office space that surrounded, and were part of, the Fox Theatre building. Restoring and reopening the theater in a shared use plan with the school was quickly championed by local developer Phil Tagami. Friends of the Oakland Fox played a role with the Oakland Redevelopment Agency in raising funding for the elaborate $75 million restoration process. Reopening February 2009 marked the beginning of a new era for the Fox. After being neglected for forty years, the once glamorous theater made its comeback as a 2,800-seat concert hall. Accentuating its revival, the theater's grand opening night featured a “roaring twenties” theme celebrating the newly renovated theater MC'ed by Oakland native, comedian Don Reed (East 14th, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Snap Judgment). The first paid performance after reopening was Social Distortion The Oakland Fox Theatre now serves as a school, restaurant, and prominent live concert venue. It has hosted many concerts by artists such as B.B. King, Paul Simon, Korn, Kylie Minogue, The Allman Brothers, Widespread Panic, Bob Dylan, Green Day, Twenty One Pilots, Marina and the Diamonds, Metallica, Primus, Alice in Chains, Atoms For Peace, Black Star, Lorde, Animal Collective, X Japan, The Decemberists, and Van Morrison since 2009. President Barack Obama spoke at the Fox during his 2012 Reelection Campaign. New Features The Oakland Fox Theatre is the home of the Oakland School for the Arts, a charter school founded in 2002 which enrolls students from 6-12th grade specializing in the arts. In 2011 Rudy's Can't Fail Cafe opened their second location in the building: it is co-owned by Green Day's Mike Dirnt. Rudy's closed on Thursday, July 26, 2018. Architecture With terra cotta, rich colors, intricate gold accents, and distinctive dome, the theater's design redefined architecture in the 1920s. The interior of the Fox Theatre was delicately crafted and said to be described as “mystical”. With its intriguing resemblance of an Indian temple, the Fox Theatre was a fascinating attribute to downtown Oakland. At this time, theaters across the nation strived to be more than just a typical building. The designs of various theaters were inspired greatly by Middle Eastern and Indian architecture. See also Fox Theater (disambiguation) for Fox Theatres in other U.S. cities Grand Lake Theatre Paramount Theatre (Oakland, California) References Sources Bagwell, Beth. Oakland: The Story of a City. Oakland Heritage Alliance, 1996. Fox Oakland Theatre Restoration Project. 2007. Oct. 2009 http://www.oaklandfox.com. Friends of the Oakland Fox. 2004-2009. Oct. 2009 http://www.foxoakland.org. "Kylie Minogue preps for first ever North American tour." Live Daily. 6 May 2009. Oct. 2009 Oakland School for the Arts. 2009. Oct. 2009 website. The Fox Oakland. 2009. Another Planet. Oct. 2009 Fox Oakland.com. "Oakland's Historic Fox Theatre Reopens." CBS Channel 5, 5 Feb. 2009; Oct. 2009. External links The Oakland Fox Theatre website Friends of the Oakland Fox website Oakland Fox Theatre at Cinema Treasures Fox Oakland Theatre Restoration Project Category:Movie palaces Category:Theatres in Oakland, California Category:Cinemas and movie theaters in the San Francisco Bay Area Category:History of Oakland, California Category:National Register of Historic Places in Oakland, California Category:Theatres completed in 1928 Category:1928 establishments in California Category:Event venues established in 1928 Category:Art Deco architecture in California Category:Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in California Category:Weeks and Day buildings

The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada will be held on November 3, 2020, to elect the four U.S. Representatives from the state of Nevada, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections will coincide with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. District 1 The 1st district encompasses the Las Vegas Strip, taking in Downtown Las Vegas, Winchester, Paradise, Spring Valley, and Whitney. The incumbent is Democrat Dina Titus, who was re-elected with 66.2% of the vote in 2018. Democratic primary Candidates Declared Allen Rheinhart, candidate for U.S. Senate in 2016 Dina Titus, incumbent U.S. Representative Anthony Thomas Jr., security guard Endorsements Primary results Republican primary Candidates Declared Joyce Bentley, realtor and nominee for Nevada's 1st congressional district in 2018 Josh Elliott Eddie Hamilton, businessman and perennial candidate Citlaly Larios-Elias, fashion designer Primary results General election Predictions Results District 2 The 2nd district covers much of northern Nevada, including Reno, Sparks and Carson City. The incumbent is Republican Mark Amodei, who was re-elected with 58.2% of the vote in 2018. Republican primary Candidates Declared Mark Amodei, incumbent U.S. Representative Joel Beck, U.S. Air Force veteran and candidate for Nevada's 2nd congressional district in 2018 Declined Heidi Gansert, state senator Ben Kieckhefer, state senator Adam Laxalt, former Nevada Attorney General and candidate for Governor of Nevada in 2018 James Settelmeyer, minority leader of the Nevada Senate Danny Tarkanian, attorney, businessman and perennial candidate Jim Wheeler, minority leader of the Nevada Assembly Polling Primary results Democratic primary Candidates Declared Patricia Ackerman, candidate for Nevada State Assembly in 2018 Ed Cohen, communications consultant Reynaldo Hernandez Clint Koble, nominee for Nevada's 2nd congressional district in 2018 Ian Luetkehans Steve Schiffman, former U.S. diplomat Rick Shepherd, progressive activist Primary results General election Predictions Results District 3 The 3rd district encompasses the southern Las Vegas suburbs including Enterprise, Boulder City, Henderson, and Summerlin South. The incumbent is Democrat Susie Lee, who was elected with 51.9% of the vote in 2018. Democratic primary Candidates Declared Gary Crispin, marketing consultant Susie Lee, incumbent U.S. Representative Dennis Sullivan, physician Tiffany Watson Primary results Republican primary Candidates Declared Brian Nadell, professional poker player Cory Newberry, businessman Mindy Robinson, actress Daniel Rodimer, former WWE professional wrestler and candidate for Nevada State Senate in 2018 Dan Schwartz, former Nevada State Treasurer and candidate for Governor of Nevada in 2018 Victor Willert Endorsements Primary results General election Predictions Results District 4 The 4th district covers the northern Las Vegas suburbs, including North Las Vegas, and takes in rural central Nevada. The incumbent is Democrat Steven Horsford, who was elected with 51.9% of the vote in 2018. Democratic primary Candidates Declared George Brucato, painting contractor Chris Colley Gabrielle D'Ayr, risk manager Jennifer Eason, progressive activist Steven Horsford, incumbent U.S. Representative Gregory Kempton, teacher Primary results Republican primary Candidates Declared Rosalie Bingham, businesswoman Leo Blundo, Nye County commissioner Jim Marchant, former state assemblyman Charles Navarro, former district director for former U.S. Representative Cresent Hardy and U.S. Navy veteran Sam Peters, U.S. Air Force veteran and businessman Randi Reed, entrepreneur Lisa Song Sutton, businesswoman, attorney and former Miss Nevada USA Rebecca Wood, businesswoman Endorsements Primary results General election Predictions Results Notes Partisan clients References External links Official campaign websites for 1st district candidates Dina Titus (D) for Congress Citlaly Larios-Elias (R) for Congress Official campaign websites for 2nd district candidates Mark Amodei (R) for Congress Clint Koble (D) for Congress Official campaign websites for 3rd district candidates Susie Lee (D) for Congress Dan Rodimer (R) for Congress Dan Schwartz (R) for Congress Official campaign websites for 4th district candidates Leo Blundo (R) for Congress Leo Dunson (R) for Congress Steven Horsford (D) for Congress Jim Marchant (R) for Congress Charles Navarro (R) for Congress Sam Peters (R) for Congress Randi Reed (R) for Congress Lisa Song Sutton (R) for Congress Rebecca Wood (R) for Congress Nevada 2020 House

Sir Barry William Ife (born 19 June 1947) was Principal of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama from 2004-2016 He was educated at King's College London (BA, 1968) and Birkbeck, University of London (PhD 1984). He was knighted in the 2017 New Year Honours. The second principal of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama to be so honoured, the first being Sir Landon Ronald in 1922. References Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of King's College London Category:Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London Category:Fellows of King's College London Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:Knights Bachelor

Stairway to the Stars was an early Australian television series which aired on Melbourne station HSV-7. The first episode aired 9 November 1956, with the series ending circa November 1958. Hosts of the series included Eric Pearce for early episodes, and Geoff McComas for later episodes. Originally broadcast on Fridays, it later moved to Wednesdays. Competition in the time-slot varied. At first, since HSV-7 was the only station in Melbourne, the series had no competition in the time-slot. By March 1957 the series competed against U.S. series Alfred Hitchcock Presents on GTV-9 and UK series The World is Ours on ABV-2. By November 1958 episodes competed against U.S. comedy series Susie on GTV-9, while ABV-2 featured Election Talk and UK series Fabian of the Yard. The series was a talent show. For example, the episode broadcast 21 December 1956 featured a pop vocalist, a soprano, a dancer, a tenor, and a saxophonist, as well as Sonia Korn as the guest. References External Stairway to the Stars at IMDb Category:Seven Network shows Category:1956 Australian television series debuts Category:1958 Australian television series endings Category:1950s Australian television series Category:Black-and-white Australian television programs Category:English-language television programs Category:Australian variety television shows

Mstów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jodłownik, within Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Jodłownik, north-west of Limanowa, and south-east of the regional capital Kraków. External links References Category:Villages in Limanowa County

Prostitution in Kenya is widespread. The legal situation is complex. Although prostitution is not criminalised by Federal law, municipal by-laws may prohibit it. (Nairobi banned all sex work in December 2017). It is illegal to profit from the prostitution of others, and to aid, abet, compel or incite prostitution. (Sections 153 and 154 of the Penal Code). UNAIDS estimate there to be 133,675 prostitutes in the country. Many foreign men and women take part in sex tourism, which is thriving at resorts along Kenya's coast. Thousands of girls and boys are involved in full-time child prostitution due to poverty in the region. Sex workers report abuse, extortion and violence from the police. Sex tourism on the coast The ministry for tourism in Kenya has been severely criticised because of its lack of response to the booming sex tourism and child exploitation on the Kenyan coast. In 2006, a study by UNICEF reported that up to 30% of the population of children aged between 12 and 18 in the coastal regions of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi and Diani were engaged in some form of sex work. Prostitution and health Access to health services is guaranteed by Article 43 of the Kenyan Constitution. However sex workers are often discriminated against and access to health services limited. Kenya is one of the world's most HIV affected countries. Sex workers are the most affected group within the country. Research has shown that around 30% of sex workers are HIV positive. Lack of condom use, (both amongst sex workers and the general public), fuelled the spread of HIV and other STIs. Since 2001, the Kenyan Government has been distributing free condoms (180 million in 2013) and educating the public on their use. The University of Nairobi and Prof Elizabeth Ngugi established a program with local prostitutes to educate and empower them by encouraging condom use. A study of Nairobi sex workers in 2015 reported about two thirds always use condoms with clients. This compares with 40% amongst members of the general public who have two or more partners. HIV and STI testing is voluntary, however as the HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act 2006 criminalised HIV transmission, there is some reluctance for sex workers to get tested. The 2015 Nairobi sex workers' study found 86% had been tested, 63% within the previous 12 months. This booming trade in sex tourism goes on with the Kenyan Tourism Police's full knowledge. They do not want to discourage the hundreds of thousands of white tourists from coming to Kenya's coast, regardless of the damage it does to young Kenyans. Sex trafficking Kenya is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking. Boys were increasingly subjected to trafficking. Girls and boys are exploited in commercial sex throughout Kenya, including in sex tourism in Nairobi, Kisumu, and on the coast, particularly in informal settlements; at times, their exploitation is facilitated by family members. Children are also exploited in sex trafficking by people working in khat (a mild narcotic) cultivation areas, near gold mines in western Kenya, by truck drivers along major highways, and by fishermen on Lake Victoria. Kenyans are recruited by legal or illegal employment agencies or voluntarily migrate to Europe, the United States, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Kuwait, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman, in search of employment, where at times they are exploited in massage parlours and brothels,. Reports allege gay and bisexual Kenyan men are deceptively recruited from universities with promises of overseas jobs, but are forced into prostitution in Qatar and UAE. Kenyan women are subjected to forced prostitution in Thailand by Ugandan and Nigerian traffickers. Some children in Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps may be subjected to sex trafficking. Children from East Africa and South Sudan are subjected to sex trafficking in Kenya. Trucks transporting goods from Kenya to Somalia returned to Kenya with girls and women subsequently exploited in brothels in Nairobi or Mombasa. Nepalese and Indian women recruited to work in mujra dance clubs in Nairobi and Mombasa face debt bondage, which they are forced to pay off by dancing and forced prostitution. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Kenya as a 'Tier 2' country. See also Sex for fish References External links Sex Tourism Older white women join Kenya's sex tourists Bibliography Robinson: Risk-Coping through Sexual Networks. 2011 Nairobi Nights: Blog of a Nairobi sex worker Luise White: The Comforts of Home: Prostitution in Colonial Nairobi. University of Chicago 1990 Anatomy of prostitutes and prostitution in Kenya. University of Nairobi 1973 'Prostitution', 'Risk,'and 'Responsibility': Paradigms of AIDS Prevention and Women's Identities in Thika, Kenya, K Kielmann, in An anthropology of infectious disease: international health perspectives, By Marcia Claire Inhorn, Peter J. Brown. Routledge 1997 Anatomy of Prostitutes and Prostitution in Kenya. JM Gachuhi 1973. Institute for Development Studies, History Prostitution, Identity, and Class Consciousness in Nairobi during World War II. Luise White. Signs. Vol. 11, No. 2 (Winter, 1986), pp. 255–273 Women's domestic labor in colonial Kenya: Prostitution in Nairobi, 1909-1950. Luise White, Boston University 1980 Category:Kenyan society

In the Acts of the Apostles, Joseph Barsabbas (also known as Justus) is one of two candidates qualified to be chosen for the office of apostle after Judas Iscariot lost his apostleship when he betrayed Jesus and committed suicide. After the casting of lots he was not chosen, the lot instead favoring Matthias to be numbered with the remaining eleven apostles. 21Wherefore of these men who have companied with us, all the time that the Lord Jesus came in and went out among us, 22Beginning from the baptism of John, until the day wherein he was taken up from us, one of these must be made a witness with us of his resurrection. 23And they appointed two, Joseph, called Barsabas, who wa s surnamed Justus, and Matthias. 24And praying, they said: Thou, Lord, who knowest the heart of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen, 25To take the place of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas hath by transgression fallen, that he might go to his own place. 26And they gave them lot, and the lot fell upon Matthias, and he was numbered with the eleven apostles. —Acts 1:21–26 D-R Both Joseph and Matthias had been followers of Jesus from the beginning of Jesus' public ministry after the baptism he received from John. He had continued as a member of the larger company of disciples even to the time that Jesus was taken up from them. Further identification of Joseph is uncertain. In Christian tradition he is numbered among the Seventy disciples mentioned in , although the biblical text mentions no names. "After these things the Lord appointed other seventy also, and sent them two and two before his face into every city and place, whither he himself would come." (10:1) Theologian Robert Eisenman has read the shadowy figure of "Joseph Justus" as either a not-so-subtle cover for James the Just, or a cloned conflation who represents in a single figure all the Desposyni (Brothers of Jesus)—rejected, according to the author of Acts in favor of the otherwise-unknown Matthias. Barnes’ Notes on the Bible says that he was “surnamed Justus” or who “was called Justus”: “This is a Latin name, meaning just, and was probably given him on account of his distinguished integrity.” The Anglican Bible scholar J.B. Lightfoot “supposes that he [Joseph Barsabbas] was the son of Alphaeus and brother of James the Less, and that he was chosen on account of his relationship to the family of the Lord Jesus.” In Christian tradition, this Justus went on to become Bishop of Eleutheropolis, where he died a martyr and is venerated as Saint Justus of Eleutheropolis. The location provides a date for this legend, since the site of Eleutheropolis was a mere village called Betaris in the 1st century, whose inhabitants were slain and enslaved with others by Vespasian in AD 68 (Josephus). The site was refounded, as Eleutheropolis, in AD 200 by Septimius Severus. The first historical bishop, Macrinus, can be found in the 4th century, when Eleutheropolis was an important city. References Category:Seventy disciples Category:1st-century bishops Category:People in Acts of the Apostles Category:Saints from the Holy Land

The 1996 Bradford Bulls season was the 90th in the club's history. Coached by Brian Smith and captained by Robbie Paul the newly branded Bradford Bulls competed in Super League I. The Bulls finished the regular season in 3rd place and made the semi final, losing 36-42 to Wigan Warriors. The Bulls also competed in the 1996 Challenge Cup, reaching the final which they lost 32-40 to St. Helens. Season review February 1996 The 1996 season started off well for the Bradford Northern club newly re-branded as the Bradford Bulls. In their first competitive match they defeated Batley 60–18 in the 4th Round of the 1996 Challenge Cup. Australian import Jeremy Donougher scored the club's first try under the Bulls brand. Bradford's form in the Cup continued after beating Division 1 side Leigh 44–12 at Hilton Park. The Bulls success continued as they hosted Wakefield Trinity in the quarter-finals, however after a brief scare Bradford managed to overcome Wakefield and win 30–18. March 1996 March started off with a great performance in the Challenge Cup semi-final against arch-rivals Leeds, the Bulls played some brilliant rugby to ensure a 28–6 win earning them a place in the 1996 Challenge Cup Final. Bradford also kicked off the brand new Super League I with a 30–18 win over Castleford Tigers in front of a 10,027 crowd. April 1996 A trip to Sheffield Eagles was on the cards for the Bulls first away trip of the Super League season, however the Eagles were just too powerful for Bradford and the Bulls were soundly beaten 24–40. However April got a little brighter as the Bulls bounced back to beat London 31–24 to take them up to 5th in the league table. The Bulls were brought back down to earth after their win against London as St. Helens beat Bradford 26–20 at Knowsley Road. Bradford suffered back to back defeats for the first time this season, losing 22–6 to Wigan. Bradford narrowly lost in the 1996 Challenge Cup Final against St. Helens, Bradford went 26–12 at one point but Saints halfback Bobbie Goulding peppered the Bradford fullback Nathan Graham with bombs which turned out to be fruitful for the Saints who scored 3 tries of Goulding's kicks to win the match 40–32 leaving the Bradford players and fans feeling dejected. May 1996 Bradford started off May in good form after losing the Challenge Cup Final by beating Warrington 36–14 at Odsal Stadium, the Bulls then travelled to Oldham and beat Oldham Bears 30–10. This would be Bradford's first back to back win of the season. The Bulls then beat Paris St Germain 60–32 at home before destroying arch rivals Leeds 54–8 in Round 9. These wins took the Bulls to four games unbeaten and unbeaten for the whole of May. June 1996 The Bulls started June with a massive 52–4 win over bottom of the league Workington, Bradford ran in 10 tries in this emphatic win. Bradford carried on their form at Thrum Hall where they scraped a win at local rivals Halifax Blue Sox in a hard-fought 22–20 contest. Bradford's 6 game unbeaten run was put to an end by a great performance by Castleford Tigers led by their talisman Frano Botica, the Tigers clinched the game 26–23. However the Bulls responded the following week by destroying the Sheffield Eagles 64–22 at Odsal. The Bulls followed up this win with a hard fought 22–16 win over London Broncos. July 1996 Bradford beat St. Helens in an excellent display of rugby league, they took the Saints apart and won 50–22 to exact revenge for their Challenge Cup Final defeat. The Bulls excellent form continued as they battled Wigan at Odsal Stadium and the Yorkshire club came up with a 20–12 win. Their 5th consecutive win came at Wilderspool Stadium where they took on Warrington and came away with the spoils beating Warrington 30–20. The Bulls dished out another thumping however this one wasn't as impressive as it was against Oldham Bears, they did keep Oldham to zero points though as Bradford were 56–0 victors. August 1996 August started off well for Bradford as they demolished arch-rivals Leeds 56–18 with the mercurial Robbie Paul grabbing his 3rd hat-trick of the season. The Bulls extended their winning streak to eight games when they beat bottom of the league Workington 28–14 in a hard fought contest. Local team Halifax Blue Sox put an end to the Bulls' winning streak as Bradford succumbed to a 27–26 defeat in the final home game of the season. The last regular season game came in Paris where the Bulls beat Paris St Germain 27–14 which meant they finished 3rd in the league, 5 points behind Wigan and 6 points behind league leaders St. Helens. This meant that the Bulls had to travel to Central Park to play Wigan in the Premiership Trophy Semi-final, in what was his last game in a Wigan shirt Shaun Edwards scored 4 tries to end Bradford's hopes of a Premiership final appearance in a hard fought 42–36 Wigan win. Milestones CCR4: Bradford Bulls win their first competitive game after re-branding. CCR4: Jeremy Donougher scored the Bulls first try under the re-branded club. CCR4: Jeremy Donougher, Sonny Nickle, Davide Longo, Gary Christie, Paul Cook, Karl Fairbank, Carlos Hassan, Paul Loughlin and Paul Medley all scored their 1st tries for the Bulls. CCR4: Davide Longo scored his 1st hat-trick for the Bulls. CCR4: Paul Cook kicked his 1st goal for the Bulls. CCR5: Jon Scales and Simon Knox scored their 1st tries for the Bulls. CCQF: Graeme Bradley and Jason Donohue scored their 1st tries for the Bulls. CCSF: Jon Scales scored his 1st hat-trick for the Bulls. CCSF: Matt Calland scored his 1st try for the Bulls. Round 1: Jeremy Donougher scored his 1st hat-trick for the Bulls. Round 1: Robbie Paul scored his 1st try for the Bulls. Round 1: Paul Loughlin kicked his 1st goal for the club. Round 2: James Lowes scored his 1st try for the Bulls. Round 3: Bernard Dwyer scored his 1st try for the Bulls. Round 3: Paul Cook kicked his 1st drop-goal for the Bulls. Round 4: Matt Calland scored his 1st hat-trick for the Bulls. Round 4: Steve McNamara kicked his 1st goal for the Bulls. CC Final: Robbie Paul scored the 1st ever hat-trick in a cup final and scored his 1st hat-trick for the Bulls. Round 7: Brian McDermott scored his 1st try for the Bulls. Round 8: Glen Tomlinson scored his 1st try for the Bulls. Round 9: Stuart Spruce and Steve McNamara scored their 1st tries for the Bulls. Round 10: Paul Cook reached 100 points for the Bulls becoming the first player to do so under the new brand. Round 10: Joe Tamani scored his 1st try for the Bulls. Round 12: Steve McNamara kicked his 1st drop-goal for the Bulls. Round 18: Robbie Paul scored his 2nd hat-trick for the Bulls. Round 19: Robbie Paul scored his 3rd hat-trick for the Bulls. Premiership Trophy Semi-final: Graeme Bradley scored his 1st hat-trick for the Bulls. Table Fixtures Super League I Challenge Cup Squad Statistics include appearances and points in the Super League, Challenge Cup and Premiership Trophy. Transfers In Out References External links Bradford Bulls Website Bradford Bulls in T&A Bradford Bulls on Sky Sports Bradford on Super League Site Red,Black And Amber BBC Sport-Rugby League Category:Bradford Bulls seasons Bradford Bulls

Leisler's Rebellion was an uprising in late-17th century colonial New York in which German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of the colony's south and ruled it from 1689 to 1691. The uprising took place in the aftermath of Britain's Glorious Revolution and the 1689 Boston revolt in the Dominion of New England, which had included New York. The rebellion reflected colonial resentment against the policies of deposed King James II. Royal authority was not restored until 1691 when English troops and a new governor were sent to New York. Leisler was arrested by these forces, who tried and convicted him of treason. He was executed, but the revolt left the colony polarized, bitterly split into two rival factions. Background English forces took control of New Netherland in 1664 and King Charles II gave the territory to his brother James, then Duke of York, to rule as he pleased. James partitioned off East and West Jersey to other proprietors and established an essentially autocratic government with a strong governor and council but no elected legislature. James succeeded his brother to the throne in 1685 and established the Dominion of New England the following year. In May 1688, he added New York and the Jerseys to the dominion. Its governor Sir Edmund Andros came to New York that summer to establish his authority and install Francis Nicholson, a captain in the British Army, to administer those colonies as his lieutenant governor. Nicholson was assisted by a local council but no legislative assembly. He was seen by many New Yorkers as the next in a line of royal governors who "had in a most arbitrary way subverted our ancient privileges". Nicholson justified his rule by stating that the colonists were "a conquered people, and therefore ... could not so much [as] claim rights and priviledges as Englishmen". In late 1688, the Glorious Revolution deposed the Catholic King James and replaced him with the Protestants William III and Mary II. The rule of Andros was highly unpopular, especially in New England, and his opponents in Massachusetts used the change of royal power for their political benefit by organizing an uprising. On April 18, 1689, a mob formed in Boston led by former Massachusetts political figures, and they arrested Andros and other dominion officials. This led to a cascade of events in which Massachusetts and the other New England colonies rapidly restored their pre-dominion governments. Rising tensions Lieutenant Governor Nicholson learned of the uprising in Boston by April 26. He took no steps to announce news of it or of the revolution in England for fear of raising prospects of rebellion in New York. Politicians and militia leaders became more assertive on Long Island when they learned of Boston, and dominion officials were ousted from a number of communities by mid-May. At the same time, Nicholson learned that France had declared war on England, bringing the threat of French and Indian attacks on New York's northern frontier. He was also short of troops, since most of the New York garrison had been sent by Andros to deal with Indian activity in Maine. He found that his regulars had also been swayed by populists into believing that he was attempting to impose Catholic rule on New York. He attempted to mollify panicked citizenry over rumored Indian raids by inviting the militia to join the army garrison at Fort James on Manhattan island. New York's defenses were in poor condition, and Nicholson's council voted to impose import duties to improve them. This action was met with immediate resistance, with a number of merchants refusing to pay the duty. One in particular was Jacob Leisler, a well-born German Calvinist immigrant merchant and militia captain. Leisler was a vocal opponent of the dominion regime, which he saw as an attempt to impose popery on the province, and he may have played a role in subverting Nicholson's regulars. On May 22, Nicholson's council was petitioned by the militia, who sought more rapid improvement to the city's defenses and also wanted access to the powder magazine in the fort. This latter request was denied, heightening concerns that the city had inadequate powder supplies. This concern was further exacerbated when city leaders began hunting through the city for additional supplies. Rebellion Nicholson made an intemperate remark to a militia officer on May 30, 1689, and the incident flared into open rebellion. Nicholson was well known for his temper, and he told the officer, "I rather would see the Towne on fire than to be commanded by you". Rumors flew around the town that Nicholson was prepared to burn it down. He summoned the officer and demanded that he surrender his commission. Abraham de Peyster was the officer's commander and one of the wealthiest men in the city, and he engaged in a heated argument with Nicholson, after which de Peyster and his brother Johannis, also a militia captain, stormed out of the council chamber. The militia was called out and descended en masse to Fort James, which they occupied. An officer was sent to the council to demand the keys to the powder magazine, which Nicholson eventually surrendered to "hinder and prevent bloodshed and further mischiefe". The following day, a council of militia officers called on Jacob Leisler to take command of the city militia. He did so, and the rebels issued a declaration that they would hold the fort on behalf of the new monarchs until they sent a properly accredited governor. Leisler's exact role in the militia uprising is unknown, but a number of observations point to his involvement. He and militia captain Charles Lodewick presented the petition on May 22. Jost Stoll, one of his officers, led the militia to the gates of Fort James, and another of his officers delivered the demand for the keys to the powder magazine. However, none of the depositions which Nicholson collected prior to his departure directly implicates Leisler as a ringleader. Leisler takes control At this point, the militia controlled the fort which gave them control over the harbor. When ships arrived in the harbor, they brought passengers and captains directly to the fort, cutting off outside communications to Nicholson and his council. On June 6, Nicholson decided to leave for England and began gathering depositions for use in proceedings there. He left the city on June 10 for the Jersey shore where he hoped to join Thomas Dongan, who was expected to sail for England soon thereafter. Leisler's control of the province was limited at first. His councilors were Dutch patroons Nicholas Bayard, Stephanus van Cortlandt, and Frederick Philipse, and they were still in the city. They did not recognize his authority, nor did the city's civil administration, with van Cortlandt as mayor. A proclamation was made in Hartford, Connecticut concerning William and Mary, and both sides of the controversy in New York raced to meet the messenger bringing copies of the proclamation. Leisler's agents won the race, and Leisler published the proclamation on June 22. Two days later, van Cortlandt received a copy of the official notice that William and Mary had prepared for Andros. The transmission of this document had been delayed at the behest of Massachusetts agents in London. It specifically retained all non-Catholic officeholders until further notice, and technically legitimized the rule of the council in Nicholson's absence. In accordance with this document, van Cortlandt fired the customs collector, who was Catholic, and replaced him with Bayard and others to oversee customs activities. Leisler objected to this assertion of power and descended on the customs house with a troop of militia. Accounts left by both sides of the dispute state that there was a near riot, and Bayard claimed to barely escape being killed by a mob. Bayard then fled to Albany, followed by van Cortlandt a few days later. Philipse withdrew from political life, leaving Leisler in effective control of the city. On June 26, a convention composed of delegates from a number of communities from lower New York and East Jersey established a committee of safety to oversee affairs. This committee essentially became the nucleus of Leisler's later government. They chose Leisler to be the province's commander-in-chief "till orders shall come from their Majesties." Through July and August, his hand-picked militia exercised de facto control over the city, financed by provincial funds which Nicholson had deposited in the fort. He was assisted by sympathetic officials from Connecticut who sent a troop of militia to assist in holding the fort. Nicholson's company of regulars was formally disbanded on August 1, about the same time that formal word arrived that France and England were at war. Leisler dispatched Jost Stoll and Matthew Clarkson to England on August 15 to bolster his position with the government in London. They carried documents intended to support accusations that Nicholson had been conspiring against the people of New York and to justify the propriety of Leisler's actions against his "oppressive" rule. The agents were instructed to request a new charter for the province and to claim that the united colonies could defeat New France without assistance from the home country. He made no specific requests that the new charter include any sort of democratic representation. An election ordered Leisler's committee of safety formally to turn van Cortlandt out of office in October, consolidating Leisler's command over New York except the Albany area. According to Bayard, the turnout in New York City was extremely low, with barely 100 voters participating. Councilors Bayard and Philipse issued a proclamation on October 20 calling Leisler's rule illegal, and ordered other militia commanders to stop supporting him. The proclamation had no effect. Resistance in Albany Leisler's opponents had assumed control of Albany and the immediate area. On July 1, they formally proclaimed William and Mary and, on August 1, established a convention to rule. The convention included local militia leaders and the city fathers of Albany, wealthy landowners from the Hudson River valley, and it became the nucleus of anti-Leisler activities in the province. The convention categorically refused to recognize Leisler's rule unless he presented a commission from William and Mary. Albany's situation became tense in September when local Indians brought rumors of an imminent attack from French Canada. Leisler was interdicting movement of military supplies up the Hudson, so Albany officials ended up making an appeal to him. He responded by sending Jacob Milborne, a close advisor and future son-in-law, with a militia troop to take military control of Albany in November. However, the convention objected to the terms that Milborne demanded in exchange for his support, and he was refused entry to the city and Fort Frederick. He was warned by an Iroquois woman that a large body of Indians near Albany saw him as a threat to their friends in Albany and would react if he attempted to assert military control over the area. Milborne returned to New York City. The convention also appealed to the neighboring colonies for military assistance, which Connecticut answered by sending 80 militiamen to Albany in late November. Leisler finally gained control over Albany early in 1690. He called for elections at Schenectady in January 1690, in a move calculated to divide neighboring communities. In early February, during King William's War, Schenectady was attacked by French and Indian raiders, exposing the weakness of the Albany Convention's position. Each side blamed the other for the failure to defend Schenectady, but Leisler was able to capitalize on the situation. He convinced Connecticut to withdraw its militia and sent his own militia north to take control of the area. The convention capitulated, lacking any significant outside support. Leisler's rule A letter arrived in December 1689 from William and Mary addressed to Nicholson or "in his absence to such as for the time being take care for preserving the peace and administering the laws in our said Province of New York". The recipient was instructed to "take upon you the government of the said province". The messenger apparently sought to deliver the message to van Cortlandt and Philipse, but Leisler's militia had him seized. Leisler used this document to claim legitimacy for his governance, began styling himself "lieutenant governor", and established a governor's council to replace the committee of safety. Leisler then began attempting to collect taxes and customs duties. He was in part successful, although he met with significant resistance from officials opposed to his rule. Some were arrested, and most of those who refused to act on his instructions were replaced. By April 1690, virtually every community in New York had officials appointed by Leisler in some of its posts. These appointed officials represented a cross-section of New York society and included prominent Dutch and English residents. However, resistance continued to his policies, and he was attacked by a small mob on June 6 who demanded the release of political prisoners and refused to pay taxes which he had imposed. In October 1690, diverse communities protested his rule, from Dutch Harlem to Protestant English Queens County to Albany. Leisler's principal activity in 1690 was the organization of an expedition against New France. This idea first began to take shape in a meeting in May with representatives from the neighboring colonies. To provide for New York's troops, he ordered merchants to offer up their goods and broke into their storehouses if they did not. He kept a fairly careful account of these activities, and many merchants were later repaid. Connecticut officials were unwilling to grant command to Jacob Milborne, Leisler's choice of commander, citing the experience of their own commanders. Leisler acquiesced to their choice of Fitz-John Winthrop. The expedition was a complete failure, dissolving amidst disease and difficulties in transport and supply. However, Winthrop did avenge the Schenectady massacre of February 1690, to some extent, by sending a small party north to raid La Prairie, Quebec. Leisler blamed Winthrop for the failure (for which there were numerous causes) and briefly arrested him, eliciting protests from Connecticut Governor Robert Treat. Royal response King William III commissioned Colonel Henry Sloughter to be provincial governor in late 1690, but a variety of issues delayed Sloughter's departure from England. His ship was then further delayed by bad weather, and the ship carrying his lieutenant governor Major Richard Ingoldesby was first to arrive in January 1691. Ingoldesby lacked official documents (which were on Sloughter's ship), but he insisted that Leisler surrender the government and Fort James to him. There was minor skirmishing during six weeks of stubborn resistance on the part of Leisler and stubborn imperious behavior on the part of Ingoldesby, and the city was split into armed camps with several hundred Leisler supporters occupying the fort. Ingoldesby was supported in his efforts by members of the old dominion council. By mid-March, Ingoldesby had surrounded the fort and was threatening to take it by storm. Leisler occasionally had the fort's guns fired at suspicious movements, but these only succeeded in killing a few colonists. Sloughter arrived in New York amid this tension and proclaimed his commission on March 19, demanding that Leisler surrender the fort. Leisler was not certain that Sloughter was in fact the person appointed, but Jost Stoll had been to London and was able to convince him that Sloughter was legitimate. Leisler then sent emissaries out to negotiate with Sloughter, but he stated that he did not negotiate with his subjects and had them arrested. Leisler repeatedly rebuffed Sloughter's demands, but he was eventually convinced to surrender, probably by his now-restive garrison. Sloughter had Leisler and ten others arrested on charges of treason and imprisoned in the fort which they had just been occupying. Execution Sloughter established a special Court of Oyer and Terminer to hear the trials of Leisler and other defendants. Some individuals were not charged, including Abraham De Peyster and Charles Lodewick, the apparent ringleaders of the initial militia action. The panel of judges included a significant number of anti-Leislerians, including Richard Ingoldesby, and was presided over by former dominion official Joseph Dudley. Leisler was arraigned by this court on March 31. The main charge against him concerned the militant resistance to Ingoldesby's attempts to take control. Leisler and his son-in-law Jacob Milborne both refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the court, and did not enter pleas. Leisler asked for and was granted counsel, even though English law did not mandate it. Most of the other defendants acknowledged the court's legitimacy and pleaded not guilty. On April 1, Leisler was arraigned on a count of murder over an incident that had taken place during his rule. On April 9, Sloughter convened a new colonial assembly. It passed a bill on April 17 condemning Leisler's government and activities, despite attempts by pro-Leislerians to control the body, and even blamed him for the 1690 Schenectady Massacre. Leisler and Milborne were convicted on April 17, after repeated attempts by the court to get them to enter pleas, and they were sentenced to be "hanged, drawn and quartered, and their estates confiscated." No execution was scheduled. There matters stood until mid-May. By early May, the court had heard 32 cases, convicted and sentenced eight men to death (including Leisler and Milborne), and either acquitted or pardoned the rest. Partisan forces, however, continued to be active. Anti-Leisler forces agitated for his execution, and there were riots on Staten Island in late April, supposedly instigated by Leisler supporters. Sloughter, however, believed that the executions should be stayed until the king's will could be known. On May 7, he sent reports to the king and the Lords of Trade describing the situation and including the trial transcripts. The letter to the king painted Leisler in an extremely negative light, and neither report mentioned the death sentence. On May 14, the court refused to transport Leisler and Milborne to England for appeal, and Sloughter's council was dominated by anti-Leislerians who urged him to execute the two men. He acquiesced and signed the death warrants that evening. Nicholas Bayard and others claim that Sloughter was drunk at the time (or at least strongly under the influence of alcohol), and accusations circulated afterward that he had been bribed. On May 16, Leisler and Milborne were executed by hanging. Leisler is reported to have made a long speech, claiming that he acted "for the glory of the Protestant interest, the establishment of the present government", and to protect the province from outside forces. The remains of the two men were buried beneath the gallows, and their estates were seized by attainder. On May 19, Governor Sloughter issued a proclamation of amnesty for all except about 20 named individuals. Aftermath The execution made martyrs of Leisler and Milborne and did nothing to lessen the deep divisions between pro- and anti-Leislerian factions. His supporters sent agents to London, eventually joined by his son Jacob, to petition the government for redress. In January 1692, their petition was heard by the king, and the Lords of Trade recommended pardons for the convicted in April. On , Queen Mary instructed incoming governor Benjamin Fletcher to pardon the six remaining prisoners. Governor Sloughter's sudden death on July 23, 1691, was viewed in some circles with suspicion that he had been poisoned, although the autopsy indicated that the cause was pneumonia. He left behind a letter in which he claimed to have been "constrained" by the forces around him to order the execution. Other acts during his tenure also sparked comment. Ingoldesby took the reins of government after his death and accused him of pocketing £1,100 intended to pay the troops, and he was said to have seized a prize ship that had been captured and sold at auction during his time in office, and then sold it a second time. One of Leisler's supporters had stopped in Boston while en route to England and was offered support by Sir William Phips, the new governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Massachusetts agents in London then worked on behalf of Leisler's heirs to have the attainder reversed and the family properties restored. A bill was introduced into Parliament to do so in 1695, with the assistance of Massachusetts supporters Sir Henry Ashurts and Sir Constantine Henry Phipps. The bill quickly passed in the House of Lords, although anti-Leislerian agents succeeded in having it sent to committee in the lower chamber. It was finally passed on , after extensive hearings in which Joseph Dudley defended his actions by accusing Leisler of improperly seizing power because he was a foreigner. It received the royal assent the next day. However, it was not until 1698 that Leisler's heirs finally received their due. The Earl of Bellomont arrived that year, commissioned as New York's governor in 1695 and an outspoken supporter of Leisler in the parliamentary debate. He died in office in 1701, but during his tenure he placed pro-Leislerians in key positions in his government. He oversaw the restoration of the family estate, and had the bodies of Leisler and Milborne properly reburied in the yard of the Dutch Reform Church. Pro- and anti-Leisler factions remained in contention at the provincial level until the arrival of Governor Robert Hunter in 1710. Over time, the Leislerians tended to associate with the British Whig faction, and the anti-Leislerians with the Tories. Hunter was a Whig who generally favored the Leislerians, but he was able to calm the bitterness that existed between the factions. Significance As Waterman shows, many historians see the rebellion as a Dutch revolt against English control. However, Leisler failed to win the backing of the Dutch Reformed Church. Leisler, the son of a German Reformed minister, exploited popular anti-Catholicism and was supported by artisans and small traders who opposed the rich merchants. His followers saw themselves as people who had resisted anglicization and were the true heirs of Dutch religion. Leisler's Rebellion follows a pattern, however, with other rebellions in the same period: Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, the 1689 Boston revolt that deposed Andros, 1683's failed Gove's Rebellion in New Hampshire, Culpeper's Rebellion in North Carolina in 1677, and the Protestant Rebellion against the Catholic-dominated government in Maryland in 1689. In all of these rebellions, a group of middle-class planters, merchants, or tradesmen rebelled against a group of well-entrenched elites who held a monopoly on power. In none of these cases did participants rebel against British rule. Rather, their struggle was with local authorities whom they saw as preventing access to greater wealth or power within the British system. At the same time, the presence of British soldiers on colonial soil and the enforcement of the neglected Navigation Acts led to increased tension between colonists and British forces. See also Protestant Revolution in Maryland References Bibliography External links The Jacob Leisler Papers Homepage at New York University – virtual archive of Leisler-related papers What Was Leisler's Rebellion? at New-York Historical Society – an overview of Leisler's Rebellion Category:1689 in New York Category:1690 in New York Category:1691 in New York Category:1689 in the Thirteen Colonies Category:1690 in the Thirteen Colonies Category:1691 in the Thirteen Colonies Category:Conflicts in 1689 Category:Conflicts in 1690 Category:Conflicts in 1691 Category:Dominion of New England Category:Glorious Revolution Category:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies Category:Pre-statehood history of New York (state) Category:Rebellions in the United States

Zane Duquemin (born 23 September 1991) is an athlete representing Jersey and Great Britain who specialises in the shot put and discus throw. He competed at three consecutive Commonwealth Games starting in 2010. His sister, Shadine Duquemin, competes in the same events as Zane. International competitions Personal bests Outdoor Shot put – 19.42 (Hässleholm 2013) Discus throw – 63.46 (Hendon 2012) Indoor Shot put – 18.86 (Växjö 2014) References Category:1991 births Category:Living people Category:Jersey athletes Category:British male discus throwers Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games

Mattias Elfström (born 8 January 1997) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward currently playing for IF Troja/Ljungby of the Hockeyettan (Div.1). He was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the seventh round, 197th overall, in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft. Elfström played nine games in the Swedish Hockey League for the Malmö Redhawks. Approaching the 2018–19 season, Elfström left Västerviks IK of the HockeyAllsvenskan, moving down a tier to the Hockeyettan with Hanhals IF on September 21, 2018. Career statistics References External links Category:1997 births Category:Living people Category:Detroit Red Wings draft picks Category:Malmö Redhawks players Category:Nybro Vikings players Category:Swedish ice hockey forwards Category:Tyringe SoSS players Category:Västerviks IK players

Maria Andrade (born 19 March 1993) is a Cape Verdean taekwondo athlete. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in the women's 49 kg, where she lost to Panipak Wongpattanakit in the preliminaries. She was the flag bearer for Cape Verde during the Parade of Nations and the closing ceremony. References Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:Cape Verdean female taekwondo practitioners Category:Olympic taekwondo practitioners of Cape Verde Category:Taekwondo practitioners at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Matchless Amplifiers is a Los Angeles-based company which designs and makes electric guitar amplifiers, specializing in class-A tube circuitry. History Mark Sampson started Matchless while living in Hollywood, California in 1989. He, along with partners Rick Perotta, Steve Goodale and Chris Perrotta were the initial force behind the company, often working on Rick's kitchen table. When Rick and Mark started working on their first prototype amp, the C-30, they wanted it to sound significantly better than the amplifiers that were currently being mass-produced. They also wanted their amps to take the rigors of the road and remain completely reliable for musicians who played night after night. Chris explains "A lot of work went into those early prototypes. Mark and Rick worked tirelessly perfecting the amp's pre-amplifier section and tone circuits. They were very passionate about it. They'd spend hours reverse-engineering older transformers by unraveling them and counting every turn of wire. They'd experiment with different speaker combinations and speaker modifications." As part of their research, they'd solicit working musicians to play through the prototypes. By listening to their feedback, they'd incorporate those desirable changes into the amp design. Rick explains "During that time, some of the components were getting very difficult to find because the whole industry had embraced semiconductors and was going away from the older vacuum tube technology. Most of the well known tube manufacturers had either shut down production or sold off their tooling to other countries. We had to hunt down and purchase NOS (new old stock) tubes that were warehoused in small lots across the country. We also had to import tubes from other countries. Often, those tubes had a very high rejection rate and didn't make the grade, many had to be scrapped out. We had difficulties finding other components as well, like large carbon-composition resistors. Even commercially available transformers didn't seem to do the trick. In the end, we had to have them hand wound in small batches by a private company. The transformers were by far the heaviest and most costly part of the amp; they needed to be because they were the heart of it. It wasn't just about the amp's power, it was also about delivering punchy, clear, complex voicing. Naturally, the amps were very labor intensive to construct. Just one DC-30 amp took over 13 hours to complete. Because the amplifiers were so costly to make, we didn't know if customers would actually buy them. After all, it was like taking a step backwards into an older "garage technology" and then asking more money for it." As prototyping neared completion, Mark and Rick came up with the name MATCHLESS—because that's what they intended their "no-compromise" amplifier to be. Chris designed the amp's trademark light-up logo. Steve Goodale joined them as a co-founder in 1991, bringing financing and marketing to the company. Goodale insisted that they participate in the 1992 Guitar Player Magazine boutique amplifier shootout by delivering an early DC-30 (Dual Combo 30) from Los Angeles to Cupertino. The amplifier wound up in the hands of editor Andy Widders-Ellis from Guitar Player Magazine. The amplifier won first place and effectively helped launch the company. Mark Sampson went on to design the Clubman 35', followed by the 15 watt series consisting of the Spitfire, Tornado, and Lightning. This series was followed by the Chieftain, Superchief, and Thunderchief. These models were all designed while the company was in the early stages of its development in North Hollywood, California. The models created following the C-30 series were an attempt by the company to create a unique entity within the market place. While Mark was the chief design engineer, Rick handled production duties and administration with much overlap in job duties as the company grew. Chris handled computer related assignments, CAD engineering and purchasing. Due to the growing demand, the founders elected to become partners with the U.S. Music Corporation in January 1994. This merger was done to acquire much needed growth and capital. During the partners tenure at U.S. Music, Mark Sampson became head of Corporate R&D which consisted of Guild guitars, Matchless amplifiers, Randall amplifiers and Vinci strings. Rick Perrotta became the manager of the Anaheim production facility where Matchless, Randall, and Vinci were located. Chris Perrotta would be responsible for mechanical engineering, blueprinting, and other fine detail work for all the brands of the corporation. This merger lasted until October 1995 when Mark Sampson acquired Matchless without the other founding partners. Sampson stayed on with the company as President and C.E.O. until late 1999. Matchless is widely regarded as being the company that kick-started the boutique amplifier craze in the early nineties, paving the way for other smaller manufacturers like Dr. Z Amplification, Bad Cat and Victoria Amp Company, all specializing in making handmade, high-end tube amplifiers. The company also manufactured tube stompboxes such as the Hotbox, the Hotbox II, the Dirtbox (higher gain version of the Hotbox), the Coolbox (a Booster pedal), the Splitbox (a tube buffered signal splitter), the Mixbox (a tube buffered mixer), and the Vibrobox (a tube tremolo effect), as well an echo/delay pedal called the Echobox, which employed a tape format from an adapted cassette. Currently The drop in value of the yen caused terminal financial problems, as Matchless had invested heavily in a new production facility. When their Japanese distributor withdrew an order for amplifiers, the company went under. Matchless Amplifiers closed down in 1998 but reopened in 2000 under new administration. They currently manufacture several lines of amplifiers and speaker cabinet enclosures. Current models C-30 series HC-30 SC-30 DC-30 Chieftain series CH-40 CH-112 CH-212 CH-210 Phoenix series PH-35 PH-212 PH-112 Lightning series LG-112 LG-212 LG-15 LG-210 Nighthawk series NH-212 NH-112 NH-15 NH-210 Independence series Independence 212 Independence 112 Independence 35 Avenger series Avenger 212 Avenger 112 Avenger 30 Avenger 210+112 Spitfire series SP-112 SP-212 Avalon 30 Clubman 35 Notes External links Matchless Amplifiers official site GigRig's interview with Matchless's Phil Jamison Gold Records Custom Made Royer Labs Lock-it Guitar Straps NAMM Oral History Interview with Mark Sampson Category:Guitar amplifier manufacturers Category:Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States

Florian Chabrolle (born 7 April 1998) is a French professional footballer who plays as a striker for Ligue 1 side Marseille. Club career Marseille Chabrolle made his professional debut on 29 November 2018 in the UEFA Europa League Group Stage against Eintracht Frankfurt. He replaced Valère Germain after 64 minutes in a 4–0 away loss. Career statistics Club References External links Marseille profile Category:1998 births Category:Living people Category:Association football forwards Category:French footballers Category:France youth international footballers Category:Olympique de Marseille players Category:Ligue 1 players

Black Hollywood Live (BHL) is a web television and podcast network devoted to African American entertainment. Its programming consists of tabloid journalism, commentary, and celebrity interviews. History Producer Keven Undergaro and E! host Maria Menounos created Black Hollywood Live for the purpose of delivering intelligent, thought-provoking commentary, as well as serving as an insider source for news, information and resources. The two had previous experience in online broadcasting with Menounos serving as the 2014 CES ambassador and the duo having created and launched AfterBuzz TV. Through successful AfterBuzz TV after-shows such as Scandal, Real Husbands of Hollywood, Love and Hip Hop, and The Game, Undergaro noticed an increasing demand for African American online talk, news, and entertainment. Menounos and Undergaro decided to work together to meet that demand. In building the network and assigning a network head, Undergaro met with Derrial Christon. Christon, who had previously worked at AfterBuzz, was named Executive Producer of the network and President of Programming. Programming BHL produces live and on-demand content in both audio and video forms. Black Hollywood Live's hosts include Derrial Christon, Courtney Stewart, Jesse Janedy, Rachel True, Sam Sarong, Stacy Ike, Ashley Gray, Chevonne Hughes, Mari Fagel, Spicy Mari, Nick Perdue, Erica Renee Davis, Josh Rodriguez, Rheina Ale, Alia Kruz, Akili Shine, Eboni K. Williams, Shaka Smith, Joe Braswell, Courtney Tezeno, Megan Thomas and Kevin John Peters. Shows 100% Reel – discussion and breakdown of various movie titles Athletes – in-depth interviews with various athletes Black Tea Party – weekly discussions on political news and current affairs Breaking Into – in-depth interviews with entertainment figures highlighting their tips, tricks and techniques on breaking into the entertainment industry Broadway Breakdown – in-depth interviews with Broadway actors, writers, producers and directors Confessions of An Erotica Dancer – round-table discussions from exotic dancers and members of the strip tease community Doing Laundry With – Black Hollywood Live hosts and celebrities in an offbeat, playful interview format, literally washing and folding their clothes, while opening up about themselves and "airing out their laundry". Fashion 411 – news and inside information as well as insight, discussion and commentary on the current state of fashion. Fit Club – fitness and health information and motivation, with topics ranging from fitness fads and health products to recent studies on diet and nutrition Geek. Nerd. Tech – commentary on the latest trending gadgets, electronics and consumer products Gospel Takeover – discussions and in-depth interviews with gospel talent Justice Is Served – news and inside information as well as insight, discussion and commentary, on current and trending legal affairs Let's Talk About Sex – in-depth discussions on dating, intimacy and relationships Life Changers – in-depth interviews with individuals positively impacting society Next – interviews with up-and-coming talent in Hollywood Phenomenal Women – in-depth interviews with inspiring women Portraits – interviews with legendary entertainers in the African American Community Reality Check – in-depth interviews with reality TV stars School of Modeling – tips, tricks and techniques on breaking into the modeling industry Stand Up / Sit Down – in-depth interviews with comedians discussing their careers, and inspirations as well as the art of stand-up comedy and comedic acting, in general Success Is the New Black – interviews with top businessmen and women Success Under 30 – in-depth interviews with individuals who have achieved success under the age of 30 The Beat – commentary, discussions and interviews with musical artists in the industry The Casting Call – commentary and insight as well as tips, tricks and techniques from Hollywood casting directors and agents This Week – reports and discuss about trending news headlines within the African American community Urban Wellness and Beauty – commentary, information and news on urban health, beauty and lifestyle Write On – interviews with writers and show runners in the entertainment industry YouTube Stars – interviews with YouTube personalities Staff There are over 25 hosts that make up the Black Hollywood Live Network. The core staff consists of Derrial Christon; Tiona Hobson, Nick Perdue, Ashley Gray, Jesse Janedy, Stephen Lemiuex and Phil Svitek. External links Category:African-American media Category:Podcasting companies Category:Audio podcasts Category:Internet television in the United States

Henderson Lake is a lake on Vancouver Island that drains south into head of Uchucklesit Inlet on the north side of lower Alberni Inlet. Weather data from the Henderson Lake fish hatchery shows that the lake is situated in the wettest place in North America. Henderson Lake averages of precipitation, and in 1997 fell, setting the all-time Canadian record. See also Wettest places on Earth Cherrapunji Big Bog Mount Waialeale Quibdó References Category:Alberni Valley Category:Lakes on Vancouver Island

The 1990 South American Cross Country Championships took place on February 11, 1990. The races were held in Caracas, Venezuela. Complete results, results for junior and youth competitions, and medal winners were published. Medallists Race results Senior men's race (12 km) Junior (U20) men's race (8 km) Senior women's race (8 km) Junior (U20) women's race (6 km) Medal table (unofficial) Participation According to an unofficial count, 26 athletes from 3 countries participated. (5) (9) (12) See also 1990 in athletics (track and field) References External links GBRathletics Category:South American Cross Country Championships South American Cross Country Championships South American Cross Country Championships Category:International athletics competitions hosted by Venezuela Category:Cross country running in Venezuela

The 1980 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 4, 1980, as part of the 1980 United States presidential election. The Democratic Party candidate, incumbent President Jimmy Carter, won the state over former California Governor Ronald Reagan by 43,549 votes, giving him one of just seven victories in the election (other than Rhode Island, Carter also carried Maryland, Minnesota, Hawaii, West Virginia, the District of Columbia and his home state of Georgia). As a result of Rhode Island voting for Carter, it became the only state in New England to vote for a Democratic presidential candidate in 1980. While Carter was able to win Rhode Island by more than 10%, some of his votes were taken away by the strong third party candidacy of John B. Anderson, a liberal Republican Congressman who ran in 1980 as an independent after failing to win the Republican Party's own presidential nomination. Anderson proved very popular with liberal and moderate voters in New England who viewed Reagan as too far to the right and with normally leaning Democratic voters who were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration. New England overall would prove to be Anderson's strongest region in the nation, with all six New England states giving double-digit percentages to Anderson. In fact, Rhode Island would ultimately prove to be John Anderson's third strongest state in the nation after neighboring Massachusetts and Vermont, his 14.38% of the vote in the state more than double the 6.61% he got nationwide. Nationally, Reagan won the election with 489 electoral votes and 50.75% of the popular vote. Results References Rhode Island 1980 Category:1980 Rhode Island elections

Comeby is a ghost town in Rankin County, Mississippi, United States. Comeby was a sawmill town, and was named for the favorite expression of the mill owner, John R. Webster: "come by to see me". Comeby had a post office from 1903 to 1918, and was a stop on the Illinois Central Railroad. References Category:Former populated places in Rankin County, Mississippi Category:Former populated places in Mississippi

NanoSail-D2 was a small satellite built by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and Ames Research Center to study the deployment of a solar sail in space. It was a three-unit CubeSat, measuring with a mass of . Its solar sail had an area of , and was deployed in around five seconds. It was planned to be deployed from the FASTSAT satellite around 3 December 2010, two weeks after launch. The satellite did not eject at that time, but on January 17, 2011, it ejected on its own and deployed its sail three days later on the 20th. The beacon signal began transmitting after ejection and was first received on the afternoon of January 19, 2011. Chronology NanoSail-D2 was originally built as a ground spare for the NanoSail-D satellite, which was launched aboard a Falcon 1 in 2008, and was subsequently lost when the rocket malfunctioned during stage separation. Over the next two years improvements were made to the spare, and the satellite was incorporated into the FASTSAT mission. NanoSail-D2 was launched aboard a Minotaur IV/HAPS rocket, inside the FASTSAT satellite. FASTSAT was a secondary payload on the launch, with the primary payload being STPSat-2. The launch also carried RAX, O/OREOS, FalconSat-5, and the two FASTRAC satellites; Sara-Lily and Emma. The Minotaur was launched from Launch Pad 1 of the Kodiak Launch Complex at 01:25 UTC on 20 November 2010. Orbital Sciences Corporation conducted the launch under a contract with the United States Air Force. FASTSAT was deployed into a low Earth orbit with a circular orbit of of altitude and 72 degrees of inclination. NanoSail-D2 was expected to separate from FASTSAT on December 6, but the bay door did not open, preventing its ejection. Successful ejection was confirmed on 19 January 2011; it is unclear what caused the ejection mechanism to fail and then ultimately release at this later date. NASA requested amateur radio operators listen for the beacon signal from NanoSail-D. They did and picked up the 1-second beacon transmissions which were transmitted every 10 seconds. While battery power was soon exhausted, as predicted by the principal investigator, Dean Alhorn, the spacecraft was expected to sail on in low-Earth orbit for 70 to 120 days, depending on atmospheric conditions, before it burnt up, and to become easier to view after the atmosphere stabilized its tumbling. To generate publicity and to encourage observations while the sail was still in orbit, NASA and Spaceweather.com announced a photography competition with a grand prize of $500 to capture images of the solar sail in orbit. On September 17, 2011, the solar sail re-entered the atmosphere after 240 days in orbit, though this was only announced on November 29, 2011. See also NanoSail-D, the failed predecessor to NanoSail-D2, launched in August 2008 IKAROS, a Japanese solar sail, launched in May 2010 LightSail 2, a controlled solar sail CubeSat launched in July 2019 CubeSail (UltraSail), a sail technology demonstration launched in 2018. Near-Earth Asteroid Scout, a solar sail CubeSat planned to launch in 2020 CubeSail, a planned cubesat sail mission Sunjammer, a solar sail that was cancelled before launch in 2014 References External links NASA NanoSail-D Mission page NanoSail-D dashboard Twitter page An index of images by astrophotographer Ralf Vandebergh created with a telescope mounted camera. information about NanoSail-D2 on eoportal.org Category:Spacecraft launched in 2010 Category:Solar sail spacecraft Category:CubeSats Category:Spacecraft launched by Minotaur rockets Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 2011

Stephen F. Brown (April 4, 1841 – September 8, 1903) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War, and became famous for taking part in the Battle of Gettysburg armed only with a camp hatchet. Early life Stephen Flavius Brown was born in Swanton, Vermont, on April 4, 1841. He was educated in Swanton, became a teacher, and planned to begin studies at the University of Vermont in the fall of 1862. Instead of beginning college, Brown enlisted for the Civil War as a Private in Company K, 13th Vermont Infantry Regiment. He was soon elected the company's First Lieutenant. The 13th Vermont was part of the 2nd Vermont Brigade, and carried out duties in Maryland and Virginia during 1862 and 1863. Battle of Gettysburg In July 1863, the 2nd Vermont Brigade marched from Maryland to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania as part of the VI Corps. While en route, Brown violated a "no straggling" order and disobeyed a security detail guarding a well to refill the canteens of several soldiers in his company who were succumbing to the effects of the summer heat. Brown was placed under arrest and relieved of his sword and pistol, an officer's symbols of authority. Given the circumstances unfolding at the Battle of Gettysburg, Brown was not detained and was allowed to keep marching with his men. Once the 2nd Brigade arrived at Gettysburg, Brown determined to reclaim his honor by taking part in the fight. Arming himself with a hand axe from a woodpile near his regiment's camp, Brown charged into battle to the cheers of his men. During the hand-to-hand combat he compelled the surrender of a Confederate officer, whose sword and pistol Brown seized before making the Confederate a prisoner. During the battle Brown suffered head trauma from the concussion of an artillery shell which exploded near him as he rendered aid to a member of the regiment who had lost a leg during the fighting. Despite the hearing loss and other effects from the shell's concussion, Brown refused to leave the field, telling the regimental surgeon that he would continue to fight unless the entire regiment was ordered to retreat. The 13th Vermont's role at Gettysburg included taking part in the counterattack on Pickett's Charge. Units of the 2nd Vermont Brigade, commanded by George J. Stannard, marched out from the Union lines, executed a left flank maneuver, and fired directly into the flank of Pickett's men as they advanced. Stannard's timely action effectively ended Pickett's Charge and the Battle of Gettysburg. Brown continued to wear the captured sword and pistol until the end of his service. The charges against him for violating the "no straggling" order were not pursued. Later military service After the 13th Vermont's term of service ended, Brown reenlisted, this time as a member of the 17th Vermont Infantry. Promoted to Captain, he was assigned as commander of the regiment's Company A. In May, 1864 Brown was wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness, when a bullet struck his left shoulder as he was giving orders to his company. His left arm had to be amputated, and Brown was discharged in August, 1864. Later life After the war Brown enrolled at Albany Law School, from which he graduated in 1868. He then relocated to Chicago, where he established a successful law practice and was also successful as a real estate investor. During the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 he lost his law library, the building containing his law office and several other buildings he owned, but he was able to recover and continue his law practice and business activities. In May, 1882 the U. S. Grant Grand Army of the Republic Post (Number 28) in Chicago held a testimonial dinner in Brown's honor, and presented him with a medal to commemorate his heroism at Gettysburg. In 1891 Brown returned to Swanton so he could care for his aged parents, and he continued to reside there after their deaths. Brown was elected President of the Reunion Society of Vermont Officers in 1901. He was active in the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS). Death and burial Brown died in Swanton on September 8, 1903. He is buried at Church Street Cemetery in Swanton. Family Brown was the son of Samuel G. Brown (1816-1891) and Anne M. Crawford Brown (1817-1896). Samuel G. Brown was a Civil War veteran, having served in Company A, 1st Vermont Infantry. Stephen F. Brown's brother, Samuel G. Brown, Jr. (1842-1864), was a lieutenant in the 17th Vermont Infantry. He died in Washington, D.C. as the result of contracting typhoid fever. In 1896 Brown married Mary N. McDonough (1851-1925) in Swanton. Legacy The monument to the 13th Vermont on the Gettysburg battlefield is topped with a statue of Brown. The War Department would not allow Brown to be depicted carrying his axe, regarding that as a tribute to disobedience of orders. Instead, the statue depicts him with a sword at his side and an axe at his feet. One panel on the base of the monument is dedicated to Brown. It reads: "The statue represents Stephen F. Brown, Co. K, who arrived on the field without a sword, but seized a camp hatchet, and carried it in the battle until he captured a sword from a Confederate officer. Persevering and determining like him were all the men of this regiment of Green Mountain Boys." Brown presented to the Vermont Historical Society the sword he seized at Gettysburg. References External links Stephen F. Brown at Vermont in the Civil War Ralph Orson Sturtevant, Pictorial History Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers (1910) Category:1841 births Category:1903 deaths Category:People from Swanton (town), Vermont Category:People from Chicago Category:Union Army officers Category:People of Vermont in the American Civil War Category:2nd Vermont Brigade Category:Albany Law School alumni Category:Illinois lawyers Category:Vermont lawyers Category:Burials in Vermont Category:American amputees

Northern Ireland national cerebral palsy football team is the national cerebral football team for Northern Ireland that represents the team in international competitions. The team was ranked thirteenth in the world in 2016. At the 2015 IFCPF World Championships, they finished fourteenth in a fifteen deep field. Background The Irish Football Association manages the national team. While Northern Ireland was active in participating on the World Championship level by 2016, the country did not have a national championships to support national team player development. Ranking Northern Ireland was ranked thirteenth in the world by the IFCPF in November 2014 and 2016. In August 2013, the team was ranked fifteenth. Northern Ireland was ranked twenty-first in July 2011 and September 2012. Results Northern Ireland has participated in a number of international tournaments. The team was scheduled to participate in the 2016 IFCPF Qualification Tournament World Championships in Vejen, Denmark in early August. The tournament was part of the qualifying process for the 2017 IFCPF World Championships. Other teams scheduled to participate included Scotland, Canada, Portugal, Iran, Australia, Venezuela, Japan, Republic of South Korea, Germany, Denmark, and Spain. IFCPF World Championships Northern Ireland has participated in the IFCPF World Championships. References Cerebral Palsy Category:Great Britain at the Paralympics Category:National cerebral palsy football teams

Trześń may refer to the following places: Trześń, Kolbuszowa County in Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland) Trześń, Mielec County in Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland) Trześń, Tarnobrzeg County in Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)

Chal Seyl (, also Romanized as Chāl Seyl; also known as Chāl Seyl-e Cherāghābād and Chāl Seyl-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Nurabad Rural District, in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 14 families. References Category:Towns and villages in Delfan County

Tkhkut (; formerly, Maralzami) is a village in the rural community of Vardanidzor in the Syunik Province of Armenia. The National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia (ARMSTAT) reported its population was 49 at the 2001 census. References Category:Populated places in Syunik Province

The ochre-breasted antpitta (Grallaricula flavirostris) is a species of bird placed in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. References ochre-breasted antpitta Category:Birds of Costa Rica Category:Birds of Panama Category:Birds of the Northern Andes ochre-breasted antpitta Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Lynn Crosbie (born 7 August 1963) is a Canadian poet and novelist. She teaches at the University of Toronto. Life and career Crosbie was born in Montreal, Quebec, and now lives in Toronto, Ontario. She received her PhD in English from the University of Toronto, writing her PhD thesis on the work of the American poet Anne Sexton. She has taught at York, U f T, Guelph, and OCAD universities, and has taught shorter classes/workshops at Rutgers, Workman, Sistering,Flying Books And more. In 1997, Insomniac Press published her controversial book on the Canadian criminal Paul Bernardo, Paul's Case. In 2006, Crosbie published a book-length poem titled Liar, available through House of Anansi Press. Liar is a personal work that deals with the end of her seven-year relationship with the professional wrestling fan Michael Holmes, author of the poetry book Parts Unknown. Her long relationship with the writer Tony Burgess is chronicled in Pearl (1996). Crosbie is a cultural critic, and the author of several books of poetry including Miss Pamela's Mercy, Corpses of the Future, and Missing Children. Crosbie has lectured on and written about visual art at the AGO, the Power Plant, the McMicahel Gallery, the Oakville Galleyr and OCAD University (where she taught for six years.) She is an award-winning journalist who has a regular column titled "Pop Rocks" in the Toronto newspaper The Globe and Mail and was a regular contributor to Toronto Life Fashion. Her Trampoline Hall Lecture was entitled "Don't Have Casual Sex". Her book Life Is About Losing Everything, a roman à clef/fictional memoir, was released in April 2012 by House of Anansi. The book won the 2013 ReLit Award in the fiction category. Her novel Where Did You Sleep Last Night was published in 2015 from House of Anansi. It was shortlisted for Ontario’s Trillium Award. Her 2018 novel Chicken was optioned by filmmaker Bruce McDonald. Bibliography Miss Pamela's Mercy (Coach House, 1992) The Girl Wants To: Women's Representations of Sex and the Body (Coach House, 1993) (as editor) Villainelle (Coach House, 1994) Pearl (House of Anansi, 1995) Paul's Case (Insomniac Press, 1997) Click: Becoming Feminists (MacFarlane, Walter & Ross, 1997) (as editor) Queen Rat: New and Selected Poems (House of Anansi, 1998) Dorothy L'Amour (HarperCollins, 1999) Phoebe 2002: An Essay in Verse (Turtle Point, 2003) (with Jeffery Conway and David Trinidad) Missing Children (McClelland & Stewart, 2003) Liar (House of Anansi, 2006) Life Is About Losing Everything (House of Anansi, 2012) Where Did You Sleep Last Night? (2015) Chicken (House of Anansi, 2018) See also Canadian literature Canadian poetry List of Canadian poets List of Canadian writers References External links Lynn Crosbie archives at the Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections, York University Libraries, Toronto, Ontario Lynn Crosbie Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:Anglophone Quebec people Category:Canadian women non-fiction writers Category:Canadian women novelists Category:Canadian women poets Category:Canadian columnists Category:Journalists from Montreal Category:University of Toronto alumni Category:Women columnists Category:Writers from Montreal Category:Canadian women journalists Category:University of Toronto faculty Category:20th-century Canadian novelists Category:21st-century Canadian novelists Category:20th-century Canadian poets Category:21st-century Canadian poets Category:20th-century Canadian women writers Category:21st-century Canadian women writers

Johanne Dybwad (2 August 1867 – 4 March 1950) was a Norwegian stage actress and stage producer. She was the leading actress in Norwegian theatre for half a century. Early and personal life Johanne was born in Christiania (now Olso) as the daughter of actor Mathias Juell (1835–1894) and actress Johanne Regine Elvig (1847–1882). Both her parents were acting for the Christiania Theatre. Her mother was the first Norwegian to play "Nora" in Ibsen's A Doll's House, in 1880. Her mother died in 1882, only 34 years old, and Johanne grew up with her aunt in Bergen. Her foster parents wanted to keep her away from the theatre, but she wanted to become an actress. Career Actress Johanne made her debut at Den Nationale Scene in Bergen 7 November 1887, in the comedy play Gertrude eller den lille skat. Her next role was "Nora" in A Doll's House. She had her breakthrough as "Fanchon" in Birch-Pfeiffer's play En liden Hex, first in Bergen, and later at Christiania Theatre in 1888. The scene when she danced in the moonshine, with her own shadow, fascinated the public, and theatre director and critic Gunnar Heiberg described the scene as "a big artist was born". She continued to play at Christiania Theatre, from 1888 to 1899. She joined theatre director Bjørn Bjørnson at the Nationaltheatret from its opening in 1899, and played here most of her career. During her time at Christiania Theatre she played 76 roles, including "Hedvig" in The Wild Duck (1889), "Nora" in A Doll's House (1890), and "Juliet" in Romeo and Juliet (1899). At Nationaltheatret she played roles such as "Klara Sang" in Over Ævne I (1899), "Maja" in When We Dead Awaken and "Gerd" in Brand. She also toured with the theatre, to Copenhagen in 1903, to Berlin in 1907, and to Paris in 1937. Stage producer In 1906 she produced her first play, Maeterlinck's Pelléas and Mélisande. She would later produce more than forty plays, often playing the leading role herself. Among her productions were Euripides' classical tragedy Medea (1918), Nordahl Grieg's Barabbas (1927), and Schiller's Mary Stuart (1929). Honours Johanne Dybwad was awarded the King's Medal of Merit (Kongens fortjenstmedalje) in gold. She was awarded Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1924. At her 60 years' anniversary as actress, 7 November 1947, she played "Mor Aase" in Ibsen's Peer Gynt, and she was honoured with the Grand Cross of St. Olav. Her last stage appearance was one month later, 8 December 1947. She died 4 March 1950 in Oslo, 82 years old. She was buried Vår Frelsers gravlund in Oslo. In 1962 a bronze statue of her was revealed at the front of the National Theatre in Oslo, sculptured by Per Ung. In 1967, she was the first Norwegian actor to be depicted on a postage stamp. The area in front of the National Theatre, Johanne Dybwads plass, is named after her, and the theatre's address is "Johanne Dybwads plass 1". Personal life She was married to barrister and songwriter Vilhelm Dybwad (1863–1950) from 1891 to 1916. She was the mother of lawyer Nils Juell Dybwad (1892-1972). Further reading Kristian Elster, Jr.: Skuespillerinden Johanne Dybwad. Til belysning av realismen i skuespillkunsten (1931) Axel Otto Normann: Johanne Dybwad. Liv og kunst (1937) C. R. Waal: Johanne Dybwad. Norwegian Actress (1967) References Category:1867 births Category:1950 deaths Category:Actresses from Oslo Category:Norwegian stage actresses Category:Norwegian theatre managers and producers Category: Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal Category:Recipients of the King's Medal of Merit in gold Category:Burials at Vår Frelsers gravlund

Rita Razmaitė (born 20 June 1967) is a Lithuanian former cyclist. She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics. References Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:Lithuanian female cyclists Category:Olympic cyclists of Lithuania Category:Cyclists at the 1992 Summer Olympics Category:Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Olympics Category:Sportspeople from Kretinga

Emal is an Afghan masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: Emal Gariwal (born 1984), Afghan football goalkeeper Emal Pasarly (born 1974), Afghan multimedia editor for the BBC Emal Zeni (born 1932-2017), Afghan weapons trader See also Amal (given name) Category:Afghan masculine given names

In 1896 and named after its inventor, Georges-Fernand Widal, is a presumptive serological test for enteric fever or undulant fever whereby bacteria causing typhoid fever is mixed with a serum containing specific antibodies obtained from an infected individual. In cases of Salmonella infection, it is a demonstration of the presence of O-soma false-positive result. Test results need to be interpreted carefully to account for any history of enteric fever, typhoid vaccination, and the general level of antibodies in the populations in endemic areas of the world. Typhidot is the other test used to ascertain the diagnosis of typhoid fever. As with all serological tests, the rise in antibody levels needed to perform the diagnosis takes 7–14 days, which limits its applicability in early diagnosis. Other means of diagnosing Salmonella typhi (and paratyphi) include cultures of blood, urine and faeces. These organisms produce H2S from thiosulfate and can be identified easily on differential media such as bismuth sulfite agar. 2-mercaptoethanol is often added to the Widal test. This agent more easily denatures the IgM class of antibodies, so if a decrease in the titer is seen after using this agent, it means that the contribution of IgM has been removed leaving the IgG component. This differentiation of antibody classes is important as it allows for the distinction of a recent (IgM) from an old infection (IgG). The Widal test is positive if TO antigen titer is more than 1:160 in an active infection, or if TH antigen titer is more than 1:160 in past infection or in immunized persons. A single Widal test is of little clinical relevance due to the high number of cross-reacting infections, including malaria. If no other tests (either bacteriologic culture or more specific serology) are available, a fourfold increase in the titer (e.g., from 1:40 to 1:640) in the course of the infection, or a conversion from an IgM reaction to an IgG reaction of at least the same titer, would be consistent with a typhoid infection. A new serological test called the Tubex test is neither superior nor better performing than the Widal test. Therefore, Tubex test is not recommended for diagnosis of typhoid fever. See also Georges-Fernand Widal Kauffman-White classification Mean corpuscular hemoglobin§ References Further reading Category:Immunologic tests Category:Bacterial diseases Category:Blood tests Category:Typhoid fever

This is a list of members of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 30 May 1904 to 21 May 1906. The chamber had thirty seats made up of ten provinces each electing three members, on a system of rotation whereby one-third of the members would retire at each biennial election. Notes On 9 July 1904, East Province MLC Edward Vivien Harvey Keane died. Vernon Hamersley won the resulting by-election on 5 August 1904. On 10 August 1904, Central Province MLC John Drew was appointed Minister for Lands in the new Ministry led by Labor premier Henry Daglish. He was therefore required to resign and contest a ministerial by-election, at which he was returned unopposed on 27 August 1904. On 25 August 1905, Metropolitan-Suburban Province MLC Walter Kingsmill was appointed Colonial Secretary and Minister for Education in the new Ministry led by Cornthwaite Rason. He was therefore required to resign and contest a ministerial by-election, at which he was returned unopposed on 6 September 1905. Sources Category:Members of Western Australian parliaments by term

Gaberlunzie is a medieval Scots word for a licensed beggar. The name may derive from the wallet that such people carried, but there is no other known derivation. The word appears in several of Sir Walter Scott's books. Gaberlunzies were also known as King's Bedesmen or blue gouns (the gowns were part of the alms given by the monarch). Scott gives an account of the customs and of particular Bedesmen he knew in the introduction to The Antiquary. Scotsman Donald Farfrae uses the word in Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge: "There are not perpetual snow and wolves at all in it!—except snow in winter, and—well—a little in summer just sometimes, and a 'gaberlunzie' or two stalking about here and there, if ye may call them dangerous." The word also makes an appearance in novels in Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin series - Treason's Harbour and The Hundred Days. The word is also referenced in the Outlander series--Episode 8 of Season 1. A character by the name of Hugh Munro wears many tokens on his chest, granting him permission to beg in different Scottish parishes. It can be spelled gaberlunyie, since the z was originally a yogh. There is a Scottish folk duo of the same name, who have performed since the early 1970s. See also "The Jolly Beggar", a ballad also known as "The Gaberlunzieman". References External links Traditional poem: The Gaberlunyie Man Category:Beggars Category:Informal occupations Category:Medieval occupations Category:Scottish society in the Middle Ages It also appears in The Fiery Cross by Diana Gabaldon.

Goat Story 2 (AKA - Goat story with Cheese) is a 2012 Czech teen 3D computer-animated comedy feature film (). Directed by Jan Tománek and produced by Art And Animation studio. It is a sequel to the 2008 Goat Story. The film was animated by a changed team from the first film, with animators joining the project from countries such as Spain, Bulgaria and India. The film was released in 2D and 3D. The movie was rendered in in-house GPU renderer FurryBall. It was also probably the first world feature animated movie rendered completely on GPU. In 2015 put producers the movie on YouTube for free. As with the original, there are many language versions—- the original Czech, English, Spanish, Portuguese, German, French, Turkish, Italian, Russian, and Hindi. Plot The Goat leaves old Prague for the fairy cheese kingdom and must save the parents of her new friends. Cast The film stars the voice talents of: Jiří Lábus as Goat Matěj Hádek as Kuba Mahulena Bočanová as Máca Michal Dlouhý as Matěj Miroslav Táborský as Priest Ignác Karel Heřmánek as Devil / Leader Dalimil Klapka as Beggar Ota Jirák as Taverner Filip Jevič as Student See also List of animated feature films List of computer-animated films References External links Goat story on YouTube for free Official website (in Czech) Category:2012 films Category:2012 computer-animated films Category:Czech animated films Category:Czech sequel films Category:Czech films Category:2010s sequel films Category:2010s teen films Category:2012 3D films

Greatest Hits is the second compilation album from American country music singer Dan Seals. It features his hits from his previous studio albums such as Won't Be Blue Anymore, Rage On, and On Arrival. All tracks were previously released except for the track "Ball and Chain", which was previously unreleased, and newly recorded for this Greatest Hits album. This album peaked at #15 on the Country albums chart. Track listing "Love on Arrival" (Dan Seals) - 3:49 "Big Wheels in the Moonlight" (Bob McDill, Seals) - 3:49 "Addicted" (Cheryl Wheeler) - 4:11 "Everything That Glitters (Is Not Gold)" (McDill, Seals) - 4:50 "Bop" (Paul Davis, Jennifer Kimball) - 3:37 "Good Times" (Sam Cooke) - 3:34 "Bordertown" (McDill, Seals) - 3:56 "They Rage On" (McDill, Seals) - 4:38 "Water Under the Bridge" (John Porter McMeans, Bruce Burch) - 3:06 "Ball and Chain" (Seals) - 3:44 References Category:Dan Seals albums Category:Albums produced by Kyle Lehning Category:1991 greatest hits albums Category:Capitol Records compilation albums

Ljunga is a locality situated in Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 688 inhabitants in 2010. References Category:Populated places in Östergötland County Category:Populated places in Norrköping Municipality

Greater administrative areas () were early top-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China that directly governed provinces and municipalities. These were the largest-ever political divisions of China and were controlled by the Central People's Government. They were dissolved between June and November 1954. List The greater administrative areas originated from the districts governed by governors-general () established during the late Qing dynasty. The six greater administrative areas were: History The highest officials of the greater administrative areas were known as chairmen (). (From this historical origin derives the term still used today for the top officials of China's autonomous regions.) North China Area was the first to be abandoned on October 31, 1949 when New China's capital was established in Beijing. The provinces it governed were thenceforth directly controlled by the North China Branch () of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government instead. In May 1952, control was again transferred, this time to the North China Administrative Council () of the Government Administration Council. Several other large-scale entities governed parts of China's territory during this time and were equivalent to greater administrative areas: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Local Government of Tibet () i.e. (Kashag) The Executive Committee of Qiongyai Minority Nationality Autonomous Region () from 1949, later assigned to Central and South China Area; the predecessor of Hainan Except the Northeast, which was governed by a People's Government, the areas' highest government bodies were Military and Administrative Committees (), which were replaced by administrative councils in November 1952. Several domains in China today retain the same structure of geographic divisions as the GAAs. Military administrative regions, the divisions of some major banks, and civilian aviation districts are still divided in the same form as the greater administrative areas. See also History of the political divisions of China Category:Administrative divisions of China Category:Federalism in China

The Iranian peoples or the Iranic peoples, are a diverse Indo-European ethno-linguistic group. The Proto-Iranians are believed to have emerged as a separate branch of the Indo-Iranians in Central Asia in the mid-2nd millennium BCE. At their peak of expansion in the mid-1st millennium BCE, the territory of the Iranian peoples stretched across the entire Eurasian Steppe from the Great Hungarian Plain in the west to the Ordos Plateau in the east, to the Iranian Plateau in the south. The Western Iranian empires of the south came to dominate much of the ancient world from the 6th century BCE, leaving an important cultural legacy; and the Eastern Iranians of the steppe played a decisive role in the development of Eurasian nomadism and the Silk Road. The ancient Iranian peoples who emerged after the 1st millennium BCE include the Alans, Bactrians, Dahae, Khwarezmians, Massagetae, Medes, Parthians, Persians, Sagartians, Sakas, Sarmatians, Scythians, Sogdians, and probably Cimmerians, among other Iranian-speaking peoples of Western Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Eastern Steppe. In the 1st millennium CE, their area of settlement, which was mainly concentrated in steppes and deserts of Eurasia, was reduced as a result of Slavic, Germanic, Turkic, and Mongol expansions and many were subjected to Slavicisation and Turkification. Modern Iranian-speaking peoples include the Baloch, Gilaks, Kurds, Lurs, Mazanderanis, Ossetians, Pamiris, Pashtuns, Persians, Tajiks, the Talysh, Wakhis, and Yaghnobis. Their current distribution spreads across the Iranian Plateau, stretching from the Caucasus in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south and from Eastern Turkey in the west to Western Xinjiang in the east—a region that is sometimes called the Iranian Cultural Continent, representing the extent of the Iranian-speakers and the significant influence of the Iranian peoples through the geopolitical reach of Greater Iran. Name The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān () and Parthian Aryān. The Middle Iranian terms ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (in Middle Persian) and ary- (in Parthian), both deriving from Old Persian ariya- (), Avestan airiia- () and Proto-Iranian *arya-. There have been many attempts to qualify the verbal root of ar- in Old Iranian arya-. The following are according to 1957 and later linguists: Emmanuel Laroche (1957): ara- "to fit" ("fitting", "proper").Old Iranian arya- being descended from Proto-Indo-European , meaning "(skillfully) assembler". Georges Dumézil (1958): ar- "to share" (as a union). Harold Walter Bailey (1959): ar- "to beget" ("born", "nurturing"). Émil Benveniste (1969): ar- "to fit" ("companionable"). Unlike the Sanskrit (Aryan), the Old Iranian term has solely an ethnic meaning. Today, the Old Iranian arya- remains in ethno-linguistic names such as Iran, Alan, Ir, and Iron.< In the Iranian languages, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of Avesta. The earliest epigraphically attested reference to the word arya- occurs in the Bistun Inscription of the 6th century BCE. The inscription of Bistun (or Behistun; ) describes itself to have been composed in Arya [language or script]. As is also the case for all other Old Iranian language usage, the arya of the inscription does not signify anything but Iranian. In royal Old Persian inscriptions, the term arya- appears in three different contexts: As the name of the language of the Old Persian version of the inscription of Darius I in the Bistun Inscription. As the ethnic background of Darius the Great in inscriptions at Rustam Relief and Susa (Dna, Dse) and the ethnic background of Xerxes I in the inscription from Persepolis (Xph). As the definition of the God of Iranians, Ohrmazd, in the Elamite version of the Bistun Inscription. In the Dna and Dse, Darius and Xerxes describe themselves as "an Achaemenid, a Persian, son of a Persian, and an Aryan, of Aryan stock". Although Darius the Great called his language arya- ("Iranian"), modern scholars refer to it as Old Persian because it is the ancestor of the modern Persian language. The trilingual inscription erected by the command of Shapur I gives a more clear description. The languages used are Parthian, Middle Persian, and Greek. In Greek inscription says "ego ... tou Arianon ethnous despotes eimi", which translates to "I am the king of the kingdom (nation) of the Iranians". In Middle Persian, Shapur says "ērānšahr xwadāy hēm" and in Parthian he says "aryānšahr xwadāy ahēm". The Avesta clearly uses airiia- as an ethnic name (Videvdat 1; Yasht 13.143–44, etc.), where it appears in expressions such as airyāfi daiŋˊhāvō ("Iranian lands"), airyō šayanəm ("land inhabited by Iranians"), and airyanəm vaējō vaŋhuyāfi dāityayāfi ("Iranian stretch of the good Dāityā"). In the late part of the Avesta (Videvdat 1), one of the mentioned homelands was referred to as Airyan'əm Vaējah which approximately means "expanse of the Iranians". The homeland varied in its geographic range, the area around Herat (Pliny's view) and even the entire expanse of the Iranian Plateau (Strabo's designation). The Old Persian and Avestan evidence is confirmed by the Greek sources. Herodotus, in his Histories, remarks about the Iranian Medes that "Medes were called anciently by all people Arians" (7.62). In Armenian sources, the Parthians, Medes and Persians are collectively referred to as Iranians. Eudemus of Rhodes (Dubitationes et Solutiones de Primis Principiis, in Platonis Parmenidem) refers to "the Magi and all those of Iranian (áreion) lineage". Diodorus Siculus (1.94.2) considers Zoroaster (Zathraustēs) as one of the Arianoi. Strabo, in his Geographica (1st century CE), mentions of the Medes, Persians, Bactrians and Sogdians of the Iranian Plateau and Transoxiana of antiquity: The Bactrian (a Middle Iranian language) inscription of Kanishka (the founder of the Kushan Empire) at Rabatak, which was discovered in 1993 in an unexcavated site in the Afghan province of Baghlan, clearly refers to this Eastern Iranian language as Arya. All this evidence shows that the name Arya was a collective definition, denoting peoples who were aware of belonging to the one ethnic stock, speaking a common language, and having a religious tradition that centered on the cult of Ohrmazd. The academic usage of the term Iranian is distinct from the state of Iran and its various citizens (who are all Iranian by nationality), in the same way that the term Germanic peoples is distinct from Germans. Some inhabitants of Iran are not necessarily ethnic Iranians by virtue of not being speakers of Iranian languages. Some scholars such as John Perry prefer the term Iranic as the anthropological name for the linguistic family and ethnic groups of this category (many of which exist outside Iran), while Iranian for anything about the country Iran. He uses the same analogue as in differentiating German from Germanic or differentiating Turkish and Turkic. History and settlement Indo-European roots Proto-Indo-Iranians The Proto-Indo-Iranians are commonly identified with the Sintashta culture and the subsequent Andronovo culture within the broader Andronovo horizon, and their homeland with an area of the Eurasian steppe that borders the Ural River on the west, the Tian Shan on the east. The Indo-Iranians interacted with the Bactria-Magiana Culture, also called "Bactria-Magiana Archaeological Complex". Proto-Indo-Iranian arose due to this influence. The Indo-Iranians also borrowed their distinctive religious beliefs and practices from this culture. The Indo-Iranian migrations took place in two waves. The first wave consisted of the Indo-Aryan migration into the Levant, founding the Mittani kingdom, and a migration south-eastward of the Vedic people, over the Hindu Kush into northern India. The Indo-Aryans split-off around 1800–1600 BCE from the Iranians, where-after they were defeated and split into two groups by the Iranians, who dominated the Central Eurasian steppe zone and "chased [the Indo-Aryans] to the extremities of Central Eurasia." One group were the Indo-Aryans who founded the Mitanni kingdom in northern Syria; (c. 1500–1300 BCE) the other group were the Vedic people. Christopher I. Beckwith suggests that the Wusun, an Indo-European Caucasian people of Inner Asia in antiquity, were also of Indo-Aryan origin. The second wave is interpreted as the Iranian wave, and took place in the third stage of the Indo-European migrations from 800 BCE onwards. Sintashta-Petrovka culture The Sintashta culture, also known as the Sintashta-Petrovka culture or Sintashta-Arkaim culture, is a Bronze Age archaeological culture of the northern Eurasian steppe on the borders of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, dated to the period 2100–1800 BCE. It is probably the archaeological manifestation of the Indo-Iranian language group. The Sintashta culture emerged from the interaction of two antecedent cultures. Its immediate predecessor in the Ural-Tobol steppe was the Poltavka culture, an offshoot of the cattle-herding Yamnaya horizon that moved east into the region between 2800 and 2600 BCE. Several Sintashta towns were built over older Poltovka settlements or close to Poltovka cemeteries, and Poltovka motifs are common on Sintashta pottery. Sintashta material culture also shows the influence of the late Abashevo culture, a collection of Corded Ware settlements in the forest steppe zone north of the Sintashta region that were also predominantly pastoralist. Allentoft et al. (2015) also found close autosomal genetic relationship between peoples of Corded Ware culture and Sintashta culture. The earliest known chariots have been found in Sintashta burials, and the culture is considered a strong candidate for the origin of the technology, which spread throughout the Old World and played an important role in ancient warfare. Sintashta settlements are also remarkable for the intensity of copper mining and bronze metallurgy carried out there, which is unusual for a steppe culture. Because of the difficulty of identifying the remains of Sintashta sites beneath those of later settlements, the culture was only recently distinguished from the Andronovo culture. It is now recognised as a separate entity forming part of the 'Andronovo horizon'. Andronovo culture The Andronovo culture is a collection of similar local Bronze Age Indo-Iranian cultures that flourished c. 1800–900 BCE in western Siberia and the west Asiatic steppe. It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon. The name derives from the village of Andronovo (), where in 1914, several graves were discovered, with skeletons in crouched positions, buried with richly decorated pottery. The older Sintashta culture (2100–1800), formerly included within the Andronovo culture, is now considered separately, but regarded as its predecessor, and accepted as part of the wider Andronovo horizon. At least four sub-cultures of the Andronovo horizon have been distinguished, during which the culture expands towards the south and the east: Sintashta-Petrovka-Arkaim (Southern Urals, northern Kazakhstan, 2200–1600 BCE) the Sintashta fortification of ca. 1800 BCE in Chelyabinsk Oblast the Petrovka settlement fortified settlement in Kazakhstan the nearby Arkaim settlement dated to the 17th century Alakul (2100–1400 BCE) between Oxus and Jaxartes, Kyzylkum desert Alekseyevka (1300–1100 BCE "final Bronze") in eastern Kazakhstan, contacts with Namazga VI in Turkmenia Ingala Valley in the south of the Tyumen Oblast Fedorovo (1500–1300 BCE) in southern Siberia (earliest evidence of cremation and fire cult) Beshkent-Vakhsh (1000–800 BCE) The geographical extent of the culture is vast and difficult to delineate exactly. On its western fringes, it overlaps with the approximately contemporaneous, but distinct, Srubna culture in the Volga-Ural interfluvial. To the east, it reaches into the Minusinsk depression, with some sites as far west as the southern Ural Mountains, overlapping with the area of the earlier Afanasevo culture. Additional sites are scattered as far south as the Koppet Dag (Turkmenistan), the Pamir (Tajikistan) and the Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan). The northern boundary vaguely corresponds to the beginning of the Taiga. In the Volga basin, interaction with the Srubna culture was the most intense and prolonged, and Federovo style pottery is found as far west as Volgograd. Most researchers associate the Andronovo horizon with early Indo-Iranian languages, though it may have overlapped the early Uralic-speaking area at its northern fringe. Scythians and Persians From the late 2nd millennium BCE to early 1st millennium BCE the Iranians had expanded from the Eurasian Steppe, and Iranian peoples such as Medes, Persians, Parthians and Bactrians populated the Iranian Plateau. Scythian tribes, along with Cimmerians, Sarmatians and Alans populated the steppes north of the Black Sea. The Scythian and Sarmatian tribes were spread across Great Hungarian Plain, South-Eastern Ukraine, Russias Siberian, Southern, Volga, Uralic regions and the Balkans, while other Scythian tribes, such as the Saka, spread as far east as Xinjiang, China. Scythians as well formed the Indo-Scythian Empire, and Bactrians formed a Greco-Bactrian Kingdom founded by Diodotus I, the satrap of Bactria. The Kushan Empire, with Bactrian roots/connections, once controlled much of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. The Kushan elite (who the Chinese called the Yuezhi) were an Eastern Iranian language-speaking people. Western and Eastern Iranians The division into an "Eastern" and a "Western" group by the early 1st millennium is visible in Avestan vs. Old Persian, the two oldest known Iranian languages. The Old Avestan texts known as the Gathas are believed to have been composed by Zoroaster, the founder of Zoroastrianism, with the Yaz culture (c. 1500 BCE – 1100 BCE) as a candidate for the development of Eastern Iranian culture. Western Iranian peoples During the 1st centuries of the 1st millennium BCE, the ancient Persians established themselves in the western portion of the Iranian Plateau and appear to have interacted considerably with the Elamites and Babylonians, while the Medes also entered in contact with the Assyrians. Remnants of the Median language and Old Persian show their common Proto-Iranian roots, emphasized in Strabo and Herodotus' description of their languages as very similar to the languages spoken by the Bactrians and Sogdians in the east. Following the establishment of the Achaemenid Empire, the Persian language (referred to as "Farsi" in Persian) spread from Pars or Fars Province to various regions of the Empire, with the modern dialects of Iran, Afghanistan (also known as Dari) and Central-Asia (known as Tajiki) descending from Old Persian. At first, the Western Iranian peoples in the Near East were dominated by the various Assyrian empires. An alliance of the Medes with the Persians, and rebelling Babylonians, Scythians, Chaldeans, and Cimmerians, helped the Medes to capture Nineveh in 612 BCE, which resulted in the eventual collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire by 605 BCE. The Medes were subsequently able to establish their Median kingdom (with Ecbatana as their royal centre) beyond their original homeland and had eventually a territory stretching roughly from northeastern Iran to the Halys River in Anatolia. After the fall of the Assyrian Empire, between 616 BCE and 605 BCE, a unified Median state was formed, which, together with Babylonia, Lydia, and Egypt, became one of the four major powers of the ancient Near East Later on, in 550 BCE, Cyrus the Great, would overthrow the leading Median rule, and conquer Kingdom of Lydia and the Babylonian Empire after which he established the Achaemenid Empire (or the First Persian Empire), while his successors would dramatically extend its borders. At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire would encompass swaths of territory across three continents, namely Europe, Africa and Asia, stretching from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east. The largest empire of ancient history, with their base in Persis (although the main capital was located in Babylon) the Achaemenids would rule much of the known ancient world for centuries. This First Persian Empire was equally notable for its successful model of a centralised, bureaucratic administration (through satraps under a king) and a government working to the profit of its subjects, for building infrastructure such as a postal system and road systems and the use of an official language across its territories and a large professional army and civil services (inspiring similar systems in later empires), and for emancipation of slaves including the Jewish exiles in Babylon, and is noted in Western history as the antagonist of the Greek city states during the Greco-Persian Wars. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, was built in the empire as well. The Greco-Persian Wars resulted in the Persians being forced to withdraw from their European territories, setting the direct further course of history of Greece and the rest of Europe. More than a century later, a prince of Macedon (which itself was a subject to Persia from the late 6th century BCE up to the First Persian invasion of Greece) later known by the name of Alexander the Great, overthrew the incumbent Persian king, by which the Achaemenid Empire was ended. Old Persian is attested in the Behistun Inscription (c. 519 BCE), recording a proclamation by Darius the Great. In southwestern Iran, the Achaemenid kings usually wrote their inscriptions in trilingual form (Elamite, Babylonian and Old Persian) while elsewhere other languages were used. The administrative languages were Elamite in the early period, and later Imperial Aramaic, as well as Greek, making it a widely used bureaucratic language. Even though the Achaemenids had extensive contacts with the Greeks and vice versa, and had conquered many of the Greek-speaking area's both in Europe and Asia Minor during different periods of the empire, the native Old Iranian sources provide no indication of Greek linguistic evidence. However, there is plenty of evidence (in addition to the accounts of Herodotus) that Greeks, apart from being deployed and employed in the core regions of the empire, also evidently lived and worked in the heartland of the Achaemenid Empire, namely Iran. For example, Greeks were part of the various ethnicities that constructed Darius' palace in Susa, apart from the Greek inscriptions found nearby there, and one short Persepolis tablet written in Greek. The early inhabitants of the Achaemenid Empire appear to have adopted the religion of Zoroastrianism. The Baloch who speak a west Iranian language relate an oral tradition regarding their migration from Aleppo, Syria around the year 1000 CE, whereas linguistic evidence links Balochi to Kurmanji, Soranî, Gorani and Zazaki language. Eastern Iranian peoples While the Iranian tribes of the south are better known through their texts and modern counterparts, the tribes which remained largely in the vast Eurasian expanse are known through the references made to them by the ancient Greeks, Persians, Chinese, and Indo-Aryans as well as by archaeological finds. The Greek chronicler, Herodotus (5th century BCE) makes references to a nomadic people, the Scythians; he describes them as having dwelt in what is today southern European Russia and Ukraine. He was the first to make a reference to them. Many ancient Sanskrit texts from a later period make references to such tribes they were witness of pointing them towards the southeastern-most edges of Central Asia, around the Hindukush range in northern Pakistan. It is believed that these Scythians were conquered by their eastern cousins, the Sarmatians, who are mentioned by Strabo as the dominant tribe which controlled the southern Russian steppe in the 1st millennium CE. These Sarmatians were also known to the Romans, who conquered the western tribes in the Balkans and sent Sarmatian conscripts, as part of Roman legions, as far west as Roman Britain. These Iranian-speaking Scythians and Sarmatians dominated large parts of Eastern Europe for a millennium, and were eventually absorbed and assimilated (e.g. Slavicisation) by the Proto-Slavic population of the region. The Sarmatians differed from the Scythians in their veneration of the god of fire rather than god of nature, and women's prominent role in warfare, which possibly served as the inspiration for the Amazons. At their greatest reported extent, around the 1st century CE, these tribes ranged from the Vistula River to the mouth of the Danube and eastward to the Volga, bordering the shores of the Black and Caspian Seas as well as the Caucasus to the south. Their territory, which was known as Sarmatia to Greco-Roman ethnographers, corresponded to the western part of greater Scythia (mostly modern Ukraine and Southern Russia, also to a smaller extent north eastern Balkans around Moldova). According to authors Arrowsmith, Fellowes and Graves Hansard in their book A Grammar of Ancient Geography published in 1832, Sarmatia had two parts, Sarmatia Europea and Sarmatia Asiatica covering a combined area of 503,000 sq mi or 1,302,764 km2. Throughout the 1st millennium CE, the large presence of the Sarmatians who once dominated Ukraine, Southern Russia, and swaths of the Carpathians, gradually started to diminish mainly due to assimilation and absorption by the Germanic Goths, especially from the areas near the Roman frontier, but only completely by the Proto-Slavic peoples. The abundant East Iranian-derived toponyms in Eastern Europe proper (e.g. some of the largest rivers; the Dniestr and Dniepr), as well as loanwords adopted predominantly through the Eastern Slavic languages and adopted aspects of Iranian culture amongst the early Slavs, are all a remnant of this. A connection between Proto-Slavonic and Iranian languages is also furthermore proven by the earliest layer of loanwords in the former. For instance, the Proto-Slavonic words for god (*bogъ), demon (*divъ), house (*xata), axe (*toporъ) and dog (*sobaka) are of Scythian origin. A further point on behalf of the extensive contact between these Scytho-Sarmatian Iranian tribes in Eastern Europe and the (Early) Slavs is to be shown in matters regarding religion. After Slavic and Baltic languages diverged –- also evidenced by etymology –- the Early Slavs interacted with Iranian peoples and merged elements of Iranian spirituality into their beliefs. For example, both Early Iranian and Slavic supreme gods were considered givers of wealth, unlike the supreme thunder gods in many other European religions. Also, both Slavs and Iranians had demons –- given names from similar linguistic roots, Daêva (Iranian) and Divŭ (Slavic) –- and a concept of dualism, of good and evil. The Sarmatians of the east, based in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, became the Alans, who also ventured far and wide, with a branch ending up in Western Europe and then North Africa, as they accompanied the Germanic Vandals and Suebi during their migrations. The modern Ossetians are believed to be the direct descendants of the Alans, as other remnants of the Alans disappeared following Germanic, Hunnic and ultimately Slavic migrations and invasions. Another group of Alans allied with Goths to defeat the Romans and ultimately settled in what is now called Catalonia (Goth-Alania). Some of the Saka-Scythian tribes in Central Asia would later move further southeast and invade the Iranian Plateau, large sections of present-day Afghanistan and finally deep into present day Pakistan (see Indo-Scythians). Another Iranian tribe related to the Saka-Scythians were the Parni in Central Asia, and who later become indistinguishable from the Parthians, speakers of a northwest-Iranian language. Many Iranian tribes, including the Khwarazmians, Massagetae and Sogdians, were assimilated and/or displaced in Central Asia by the migrations of Turkic tribes emanating out of Xinjiang and Siberia. The modern Sarikoli in southern Xinjiang and the Ossetians of the Caucasus (mainly South Ossetia and North Ossetia) are remnants of the various Scythian-derived tribes from the vast far and wide territory they once dwelled in. The modern Ossetians are the descendants of the Alano-Sarmatians, and their claims are supported by their Northeast Iranian language, while culturally the Ossetians resemble their North Caucasian neighbors, the Kabardians and Circassians. Various extinct Iranian peoples existed in the eastern Caucasus, including the Azaris, while some Iranian peoples remain in the region, including the Talysh and the Tats (including the Judeo-Tats, who have relocated to Israel), found in Azerbaijan and as far north as the Russian republic of Dagestan. A remnant of the Sogdians is found in the Yaghnobi-speaking population in parts of the Zeravshan valley in Tajikistan. Later developments Starting with the reign of Omar in 634 CE, Muslim Arabs began a conquest of the Iranian Plateau. The Arabs conquered the Sassanid Empire of the Persians and seized much of the Byzantine Empire populated by the Kurds and others. Ultimately, the various Iranian peoples, including the Persians, Pashtuns, Kurds and Balochis, converted to Islam, while the Alans converted to Christianity, thus laying the foundation for the fact that the modern-day Ossetians are Christian. The Iranian peoples would later split along sectarian lines as the Persians adopted the Shi'a sect. As ancient tribes and identities changed, so did the Iranian peoples, many of whom assimilated foreign cultures and peoples. Later, during the 2nd millennium CE, the Iranian peoples would play a prominent role during the age of Islamic expansion and empire. Saladin, a noted adversary of the Crusaders, was an ethnic Kurd, while various empires centered in Iran (including the Safavids) re-established a modern dialect of Persian as the official language spoken throughout much of what is today Iran and the Caucasus. Iranian influence spread to the neighbouring Ottoman Empire, where Persian was often spoken at court (though a heavy Turko-Persian basis there was set already by the predecessors of the Ottomans in Anatolia, namely the Seljuks and the Sultanate of Rum amongst others) as well to the court of the Mughal Empire. All of the major Iranian peoples reasserted their use of Iranian languages following the decline of Arab rule, but would not begin to form modern national identities until the 19th and early 20th centuries (just as many European communities, such as Germany and Italy, began to formulate national identities of their own). Demographics There are an estimated 150 to 200 million native speakers of Iranian languages, the six major groups of Persians, Lurs, Kurds, Tajiks, Baloch, and Pashtuns accounting for about 90% of this number. Currently, most of these Iranian peoples live in Iran, Afghanistan, the Caucasus (mainly Ossetia, other parts of Georgia, Dagestan, and Azerbaijan), Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish majority populated areas of Turkey, Iran and Syria, Tajikistan, Pakistan and Uzbekistan. There are also Iranian peoples living in Eastern Arabia such as northern Oman and Bahrain. Due to recent migrations, there are also large communities of speakers of Iranian languages in Europe, the Americas, and Israel. Culture Iranian culture is today considered to be centered in what is called the Iranian Plateau, and has its origins tracing back to the Andronovo culture of the late Bronze Age, which is associated with other cultures of the Eurasian Steppe. It was, however, later developed distinguishably from its earlier generations in the Steppe, where a large number of Iranian-speaking peoples (i.e., the Scythians) continued to participate, resulting in a differentiation that is displayed in Iranian mythology as the contrast between Iran and Turan. Like other Indo-Europeans, the early Iranians practiced ritual sacrifice, had a social hierarchy consisting of warriors, clerics, and farmers, and recounted their deeds through poetic hymns and sagas. Various common traits can be discerned among the Iranian peoples. For instance, the social event of Nowruz is an ancient Iranian festival that is still celebrated by nearly all of the Iranian peoples. However, due to their different environmental adaptations through migration, the Iranian peoples embrace some degrees of diversity in dialect, social system, and other aspects of culture. With numerous artistic, scientific, architectural, and philosophical achievements and numerous kingdoms and empires that bridged much of the civilized world in antiquity, the Iranian peoples were often in close contact with people from various western and eastern parts of the world. Religion The early Iranian peoples practiced the ancient Iranian religion, which, like that of other Indo-European peoples, embraced various male and female deities. Fire was regarded as an important and highly sacred element, and also a deity. In ancient Iran, fire was kept with great care in fire temples. Various annual festivals that were mainly related to agriculture and herding were celebrated, the most important of which was the New Year (Nowruz), which is still widely celebrated. Zoroastrianism, a form of the ancient Iranian religion that is still practiced by some communities, was later developed and spread to nearly all of the Iranian peoples living in the Iranian Plateau. Other religions that had their origins in the Iranian world were Mithraism, Manichaeism, and Mazdakism, among others. The various religions of the Iranian peoples are believed by some scholars to have been significant early philosophical influences on Christianity and Judaism. Cultural assimilation Iranian languages were and, to a lesser extent, still are spoken in a wide area comprising regions around the Black Sea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Russia and the northwest of China. This population was linguistically assimilated by smaller but dominant Turkic-speaking groups, while the sedentary population eventually adopted the Persian language, which began to spread within the region since the time of the Sasanian Empire. The language-shift from Middle Iranian to Turkic and New Persian was predominantly the result of an "elite dominance" process. Moreover, various Turkic-speaking ethnic groups of the Iranian Plateau are often conversant also in an Iranian language and embrace Iranian culture to the extent that the term Turko-Iranian would be applied. A number of Iranian peoples were also intermixed with the Slavs, and many were subjected to Slavicisation. The following either partially descend from or are sometimes regarded as descendants of the Iranian peoples. Turkic-speakers: Azerbaijanis: In spite of being native speakers of a Turkic language (Azerbaijani Turkic), they are believed to be primarily descended from the earlier Iranian-speakers of the region. They are possibly related to the ancient Iranian tribe of the Medes, aside from the rise of the subsequent Persian and Turkic elements within their area of settlement, which, prior to the spread of Turkic, was Iranian-speaking. Thus, due to their historical, genetic and cultural ties to the Iranians, the Azerbaijanis are often associated with the Iranian peoples. Genetic studies observed that they are also genetically related to the Iranian peoples. (See also: Old Azeri language and Origin of the Azerbaijanis) Turkmens: Genetic studies show that the Turkmens are characterized by the presence of local Iranian mtDNA lineages, similar to the eastern Iranian populations, but modest female Mongoloid mtDNA components were observed in Turkmen populations with the frequencies of about 20%. This likely indicates an ancestral combination of Turkic and Iranian groups that the modern Turkmens have inherited, apparently corresponding to the historical record that indicates the presence of various Iranian tribes in the region prior to the migration of Turkic tribes. Uzbeks: The unique grammatical and phonetical features of the Uzbek language, as well as elements within the modern Uzbek culture, reflect the older Iranian roots of the Uzbek people. According to recent genetic genealogy testing from a University of Oxford study, the genetic admixture of the Uzbeks clusters somewhere between the Iranian peoples and the Mongols. Prior to the Russian conquest of Central Asia, the local ancestors of the Turkic-speaking Uzbeks and the Iranian-speaking Tajiks, both living in Central Asia, were referred to as Sarts, while Uzbek and Turk were the names given to the nomadic and semi-nomadic populations of the area. Still, as of today, modern Uzbeks and Tajiks are known to their Turkic neighbors, the Kazakhs and the Kyrgyz, as Sarts. Some Uzbek scholars also favor the Iranian origin theory. Uyghurs: Contemporary scholars consider modern Uyghurs to be the descendants of, apart from the ancient Uyghurs, the Iranian Saka (Schytian) tribes and other Indo-European peoples who inhabited the Tarim Basin before the arrival of the Turkic tribes. Slavic-speakers: Croats and Serbs: Some scholars suggest that the Slavic-speaking Serbs and Croats are descended from the ancient Sarmatians, an ancient Iranian people who once settled in most of southern European Russia and the eastern Balkans, and that their ethnonyms are of Iranian origin. It is proposed that the Sarmatian Serboi and alleged Horoathos tribes were assimilated with the numerically superior Slavs, passing on their name. Iranian-speaking peoples did inhabit parts of the Balkans in late classical times, and would have been encountered by the Slavs. However, direct linguistic, historical, or archaeological proof for such a theory is lacking. (See also: Origin hypotheses of the Serbs and Origin hypotheses of the Croats) Swahili-speakers: Shirazis: The Shirazi are a sub-group of the Swahili people living on the Swahili coast of East Africa, especially on the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, and Comoros. Local traditions about their origin claim they are descended from merchant princes from Shiraz in Iran who settled along the Swahili coast. Genetics Regueiro et al (2006) and Grugni et al (2012) have performed large-scale sampling of different ethnic groups within Iran. They found that the most common Haplogroups were: J1-M267; typical of Semitic-speaking people, was rarely over 10% in Iranian groups. J2-M172: is the most common Hg in Iran (~23%); almost exclusively represented by J2a-M410 subclade (93%), the other major sub-clade being J2b-M12. Apart from Iranians, J2 is common in Arabs, Mediterranean and Balkan peoples (Croats, Serbs, Greeks, Bosniaks, Albanians, Italians, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Turks), in the Caucasus (Armenians, Georgians, Chechens, Ingush, northeastern Turkey, north/northwestern Iran, Kurds, Persians); whilst its frequency drops suddenly beyond Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India. In Europe, J2a is more common in the southern Greece and southern Italy; whilst J2b (J2-M12) is more common in Thessaly, Macedonia and central – northern Italy. Thus J2a and its subgroups within it have a wide distribution from Italy to India, whilst J2b is mostly confined to the Balkans and Italy, being rare even in Turkey. Whilst closely linked with Anatolia and the Levant; and putative agricultural expansions, the distribution of the various sub-clades of J2 likely represents a number of migrational histories which require further elucidation. R1a-M198: is common in Iran, more so in the east and south rather than the west and north; suggesting a migration toward the south to India then a secondary westward spread across Iran. Whilst the Grongi and Regueiro studies did not define exactly which sub-clades Iranian R1a haplogrouops belong to, private genealogy tests suggest that they virtually all belong to "Eurasian" R1a-Z93. Indeed, population studies of neighbouring Indian groups found that they all were in R1a-Z93. This implies that R1a in Iran did not descend from "European" R1a, or vice versa. Rather, both groups are collateral, sister branches which descend from a parental group hypothesized to have initially lived somewhere between central Asia and Eastern Europe. R1b – M269: is widespread from Ireland to Iran, and is common in highland West Asian populations such as Armenians, Turks and Iranians – with an average frequency of 8.5%. Iranian R1b belongs to the L-23 subclade, which is an older than the derivative subclade (R1b-M412) which is most common in western Europe. Haplogroup G and subclades: most concentrated in the southern Caucasus, it is present in 10% of Iranians. Haplogroup E and various subclades are markers of various northern and eastern African populations. They are present in less than 10% of Iranians (see Afro-Iranians). Two large – scale papers by Haber (2012) and Di Cristofaro (2013) analyzed populations from Afghanistan, where several Iranian-speaking groups are native. They found that different groups (e.g. Baluch, Hazara, Pashtun) were quite diverse, yet overall: R1a (subclade not further analyzed) was the predominant haplogroup, especially amongst Pashtuns, Balochi and Tajiks. The presence of "east Eurasian" haplogroup C3, especially in Hazaras (33–40%), in part linked to Mongol expansions into the region. The presence of haplogroup J2, like in Iran, of 5–20%. A relative paucity of "Indian" haplgroup H (< 10%). Internal diversity and distant affinities Overall, Iranian-speaking populations are characterized by high internal diversity. For Afghanistan, "It is possibly due to the strategic location of this region and its unique harsh geography of mountains, deserts and steppes, which could have facilitated the establishment of social organizations within expanding populations, and helped maintaining genetic boundaries among groups that have developed over time into distinct ethnicities" as well as the "high level of endogamy practiced by these groups". The data ultimately suggests that Afghanistan, like other northern-central Asian regions, has continually been the recipient rather than a source of gene flow. Although, populations from Iran proper are also diverse, J2a-M530 likely spread out of Iran, and constitutes a common genetic substratum for all Iranian populations, which was then modified by further differential gene flows. In Iran, language was a greater determinant of genetic similarity between different groups, whereas in Afghanistan and other areas of northern central Asia, this was not the case. Overall in Iran, native population groups do not form tight clusters either according to language or region. Rather, they occupy intermediate positions among Near Eastern and Caucasus clusters. Some of the Iranian groups lie within the Near Eastern group (often with such as the Turks and Georgians), but none fell into the Arab or Asian groups. Some Iranian groups in Iran, such as the Gilakis and Mazandaranis, have paternal genetics (Y-DNA) virtually identical to South Caucasus ethnic groups. In Afghanistan, Iranian population groups such as the Pashtuns and Tajiks occupy intermediate positions amongst northwestern South Asian ethnic groups, such as along the Baloch, Brahui, Kashmiris and Sindhis, with a small minor pull towards West Asia. Iranians are only distantly related to Europeans as a whole, predominantly with southern Europeans like Greeks, Albanians, Serbs, Croatians, Italians, Bosniaks, Spaniards, Macedonians, Portuguese, and Bulgarians, rather than northern Europeans like Norwegians, Danes, Swedes, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, English, Finns, Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians. Nevertheless, Iranian-speaking Central Asians do show closer affinity to Europeans than do Turkic-speaking Central Asians. See also Greater Iran Pan-Iranism Iranian diaspora Turko-Iranian List of ancient Iranian peoples List of Iranian dynasties and countries List of geographic names of Iranian origin References Citations Sources Banuazizi, Ali and Weiner, Myron (eds.). The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East), Syracuse University Press (August, 1988). . Canfield, Robert (ed.). Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2002). Curzon, R. The Iranian People of the Caucasus. . Derakhshani, Jahanshah. Die Arier in den nahöstlichen Quellen des 3. und 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr., 2nd edition (1999). . Frye, Richard, Greater Iran, Mazda Publishers (2005). . Frye, Richard. Persia, Schocken Books, Zurich (1963). ASIN B0006BYXHY. Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates, Longman, New York, NY (2004). Khoury, Philip S. & Kostiner, Joseph. Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press (1991). . Mallory, J.P. In Search of the Indo-Europeans, Thames and Hudson, London (1991). . McDowall, David. A Modern History of the Kurds, I.B. Tauris, 3rd Rev edition (2004). . Nassim, J. Afghanistan: A Nation of Minorities, Minority Rights Group, London (1992). . Riasanovsky, Nicholas. A History of Russia, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2004). . Sims-Williams, Nicholas. Indo-Iranian Languages and People, British Academy (2003). . Iran Nama, (Iran Travelogue in Urdu) by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Tibbi Academy, Aligarh, India (1998). Chopra, R. M.,"Indo-Iranian Cultural Relations Through The Ages", Iran Society, Kolkata, 2005. Further reading Iranian peoples Category:Indo-European peoples Category:Modern Indo-European peoples Category:Ethnic groups in the Middle East

Chah-e Ali Akbar Shahzehi (, also Romanized as Chāh-e ʿAlī Āḵbar Shāhzehī; also known as Chāh-e Nīzeh Gāb Do) is a village in Doreh Rural District, in the Central District of Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 87, in 22 families. References Category:Populated places in Sarbisheh County

In the Fishtank 9 is an album of songs by alternative rock bands Sonic Youth, the Instant Composers Pool Orchestra, and the Ex. It was released in 2001 on the Konkurrent label. Reception Thom Jurek of Allmusic praised the collaboration as "a wonder", praising the fact that "everyone participates in creating something fresh and new, without anybody getting in anybody else's way. The spirit of cooperation and the excitement of discovery here are both prescient. The result is neither rock nor jazz, but a free-form music that dispenses with formality and ego and goes for the heart of the thing itself." He concludes: "For nearly a half-hour, the listener gets to eavesdrop on the purest kind of music-making by those dedicated to nothing else than the pursuit of its creation." Track listing "III" – 3:27 "IV" – 4:28 "V" – 2:45 "VI" – 3:03 "VII" – 4:14 "VIII" – 2:16 "IX" – 3:24 "X" – 5:49 References External links Konkurrent 09 Category:The Ex (band) albums Category:Split EPs Category:2002 compilation albums Category:2002 EPs Category:Sonic Youth compilation albums Category:Konkurrent compilation albums

Shuangqiao () may refer to the following locations in China: Shuangqiao District, Chengde, Hebei Shuangqiao District, Chongqing Shuangqiao Station, station on the Batong Line Beijing Subway Shuangqiao Subdistrict, Xuancheng, in Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng, Anhui Shuangqiao Subdistrict, Yangzhou, in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Towns Shuangqiao, Anhui, in Shou County Shuangqiao, Guangxi, in Wuming County Shuangqiao, Tangshan, in Kaiping District, Tangshan, Hebei Shuangqiao, Hunan, in Qidong County Shuangqiao, Wanzai County, in Wanzai County, Jiangxi Shuangqiao, Shaanxi, in Ziyang County Shuangqiao, Shandong, in Yuncheng County Shuangqiao, Danleng County, Sichuan Shuangqiao, Nanchong, in Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Shuangqiao, Zhoushan, in Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Townships Shuangqiao Township, Henan, in Yongcheng Shuangqiao Township, Jiangsu, in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou Shuangqiao Township, Jiangxi, in Suichuan County Shuangqiao Township, Sichuan, in Dongxing District, Neijiang Shuangqiao Township, Zhejiang, in Qujiang District, Quzhou