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However, rats are able to discriminate harmful food from harmless food by their well-developed olfactory system (Kalat and Rozin 1973; Rana et al. 1975; Bhardwaj and Prakash 1982; Balakrishnan and Alexander 1985).

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A subclone named M5 with enhanced metastatic abilities in liver and a subclone named SCP 51 with enhanced metastatic abilities in liver and lymph node were isolated by in vivo selection of SW480 cells through a process described in our previous studies [18-20].

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The use of bisimilarity in this context is particularly attractive because, as essentially shown in (Hennessy and Milner, 1985), bisimilarity provides an abstraction technique that preserves the truth and falsehood of any formula expressed in the µ-calculus (Kozen, 1983), and hence all CTL∗ (Dam,…

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Consistent with the results of previous studies using poeciliid fish (e.g., Dosen and Montgomerie 2004b; Plath et al. 2008; Wong and McCarthy 2009; Ziege et al. 2009; Jeswiet et al. 2011) and other taxa (e.g., Schwagmeyer and Parker 1990; White and Galef 1999), male guppies here tended to reduce…

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Only some plasma or blood values in field conditions in different areas from Morocco [3], China [4], and Saudi Arabia [5] are available in the literature.

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The previously published evaluation of outcomes took place three months after baseline measurement and the follow-up outcome measurement reported in the present paper was conducted one year after baseline measurement [18,19].

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This is not only an interesting problem by itself [3], but is also a key component to many potential applications including 3D reconstruction [1, 7, 8], graphical navigation [3, 2], and content-based retrieval [9].

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The effects of two osmolytes, sarcosine and sorbitol, were studied for their ability to stabilize hemoglobin against heat-induced dissociation followed by aggregation [55].

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The point probe for fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy was also evaluated in a Phase II study on a similar number of tissue specimens—and these results were comparable to those obtained by other groups.(54,55,74,75) This investigation helped to identify the causes of measurement variability in the clinical setting (eg, differences in menopausal status), giving information essential for developing effective downstream normalization and analytical approaches.

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In this scenario, actin filament polymerization within the gap between the ER tubule surrounding the mitochondria and the mitochondrial outer membrane (Figure 8A) results in localized pressure that drives mitochondrial constriction to diameters required for Drp1 helix formation (Korobova et al., 2013).

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Taken together with studies on the function of female ornamentation (Lebas 2006; Weiss 2006; Pryke 2007; reviewed in Amundsen & Parn 2006) and song in female songbirds (Ritchison 1983; Catchpole & Slater 1995; Searcy & Yasukawa 1995; Langmore 1998), these results suggest that the processes…

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We and others have applied several treatments for RN, such as anticoagulants, vitamin E, corticosteroids, and surgical resection [2-4].

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…(Xu, 1998a; Xu et al., 1995), as well as normalized RBF nets (Moody & Darken, 1989; Nowlan, 1990; Xu et al., 1994) and its extensions (Xu, 1998a), but also new adaptive algorithms for learning and new criteria for deciding the number of hidden units, experts, and basis functions (Xu, 1998a, 2001b).

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Lithium chloride is an inhibitor to both GSK3α and GSK3β isoforms, which has been shown to increase IL-17-induced gene expression in two previous studies (8, 20).

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For example, we could construct information divergence interpretations of other message-passing algorithms, such as generalized belief propagation (Yedidia et al., 2004), max-product versions of BP and TRW (Wainwright et al., 2005a), Laplace propagation (Smola et al., 2003), and bound propagation…

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Criteria for intracellular identification of the ventral superficial muscle motoneurons have been described in detail (Chapple and Krans 2004; Krans and Chapple 2005).

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For experiments measuring the effect of Sch-28080 and ouabain on pHi recovery in ICs, only basolateral Cl removal was used to differentiate IC types (15, 17).

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Recently, Korayem and Bamdad [4] determined the dynamic load carrying capacity of a typical cable suspended manipulator regarding tensile capacity of cables and actuators torque capacity for a given trajectory in a specified time, and Korayem et al.

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The preparation of plasma membrane and isolation of caveolae were achieved using the methods mentioned above (35, 40).

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Moreover, reinforcement learning allows the agent to be both reactive and adaptive, but it requires a simple yet consistent representation of the task environment [24].

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PAN is directly activated by RTA and is the most abundant viral transcript in the lytic cycle [3,6–8].

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PCR Testing The PCR assays performed at our institutions have been described previously in detail (2, 12, 13, 15).

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for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) [142, 143], and label-free quantitative methods [144, 145] such as selected/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) [146,

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On the other hand, ATP recognition has been studied because of its significant roles in biological systems, and thus number of ATP-targeting fluorescent probes have been reported over the last few decades [25–27].

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In fact, we were able to explain up to 39% of the ethnic differences in EBV seroprevalences, of which socioeconomic position was the most important contributor, which is in line with previous studies.(42,44) However, it has been suggested that ethnic differences could not be explained by crowding.

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…Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) Sulindac sulphid Ras-Raf Interaction – 100 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) ZM336372 Raf, competitive inhibition 0.07– 0.007 3 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) PD98059 prevents MEK activation by Raf 4–50 50 de Lamirande and Gagnon (2002) U126 inhibits activated MEK…

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Redistribution of synaptic efficacy has been observed following Hebbian pairing (Markram and Tsodyks, 1996) and this change reflects a change in U (Tsodyks and Markram, 1997).

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The first subclass is discussed by Trivers (1971) in terms of reciprocal altruism.

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Although the time-constants of the learning window used in this study were much shorter than those reported for hippocampal neurons by Bi and Poo [27] (viz.

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, shootin1 and Singar1/2 (44, 45)] resulting from asymmetric intrinsic or extrinsic factors could also serve as the initial trigger for the activation of PI3K.

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The average rate at which these radioactive boluses were transported along the trachea by mucociliary activity was measured by using six aligned 8-mm-thick scintillation detectors in conjunction with a six-channel count/time recorder, as previously described (31, 38).

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In Table 1, we also include the 40-core times for a modified version of the best publicly available parallel suffix tree code of Blelloch and Shun [2] (labeled PST).

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Similar data were found by Nir et al. (1994a) and Nir et al. (1995), who reported that the pelleting process reduced proventriculus and gizzard weight, as well as their contents, without changing the pH of these segments.

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…co-infection to be associated with increased variability of parasite strains (Chicharro et al. 2003; Mathis et al. 2005) or the discovery of previously unknown strains (Pieniazek et al. 1999; Gramiccia, 2003), but the origin and epidemiological characteristics of these strains are often unknown.

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Data on sex, age, health characteristics such as hospital stay, antibiotic therapy during the previous three months and surgery within the past 30 days, current healthcare-associated infection and/ or antibiotic therapy, presence of urinary or vascular catheters, pressure sores and other wounds as well as case history for MDRO were obtained for all participants, using the well-established HALT questionnaire (healthcare-associated infections in LTCFs) in Europe [32].

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Although these studies indicate that the invasion process is at least in part deterministic (Duncan et al., 2003), none identify specific mechanisms by which successful invaders establish and expand their new ranges (Ehrlich, 1989; Mack et al., 2000; Viet and Lewis, 1996).

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Notice that this implementation of the framework is a reconstruction of the implementation proposed in Peng et al. (2012) by following the MAPE-K architecture, integrating uncertainty handling and adopting quantitative goal reasoning.

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The rapid growth of aquatic plants such as harmful algal blooms and consequently depletion of dissolved oxygen takes place in the eutrophication phenomenon [1,2].

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Several laparoscopic techniques have been described as alternatives for the endoscopic treatment of ovarian endometriomas: cyst wall laser vaporization preceded or not by medical therapy (Brosens et al., 1996; Donnez et al., 1996; Sutton et al., 1997), drainage and bipolar coagulation of the cyst wall (Beretta et al.

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These data are in agreement with reports of clinical cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats which have only been reported from Southeastern, Midwestern, and Mid-Atlantic states and not from California, Colorado, North Dakota, Ohio, or West Virginia.

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Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that responses to HDR appear to be independent of the influences of neck muscle afferents, baroreflexes, central command, visual input, and increased intracranial pressure (14, 25, 26, 34).

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In particular, this research is situated within the broader framework of the social shaping of technology (SST) approach (MacKenzie & Wajcman, 1999; Williams & Edge, 1996).

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The pathogenesis of PCOS still remains largely obscure, but more and more studies have implicated a number of genes [5].

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For the individual species mapping approach, predictive models were developed from the museum occurrence data using the GARP modeling system (Stockwell and Noble, 1992; Stockwell and Peters, 1999; Stockwell, 1999).

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Examples include minimum variance portfolio (Jorion, 1985; 1986), short-sell constrained minimum variance portfolios (Jagannathan and Ma, 2003), the equally weighted diversification (DeMiguel, Garlappi and Uppal, 2009), and other modifications to the mean-variance portfolio rule (see, e.g., Pesaran…

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As a consequence, by their activities, earthworms could therefore modify metal speciation, mobility (Sizmur and Hodson, 2009) and bioavailability (Capowiez et al.

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As a means to evaluate the effects of the Prrx1 isoforms upon cell polarity, we employed three-dimensional (3D) cyst assays (Wescott et al. 2009).

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Soluble plasma (p) FN is required for the stability of blood clots (Ni et al., 2003b).

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In our aim to analyse the transcriptional programme that determines fruiting body formation of the ascomycete A. nidulans, we made use of a simple but straightforward approach as it had been described recently (Ray et al., 2004).

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Several OPG polymorphisms have been studied in osteoporosis, but not surprisingly published results about the association between the OPG polymorphisms and osteoporosis are highly variable [6–12].

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The TGF-b superfamily has wide variety of activities, but the signaling cascade is relatively simple [4–7].

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S3B) and, together, these observations are consistent with a previously defined role for Pk in the clustering of Vang (Bastock et al., 2003; Cho et al., 2015; Strutt and Strutt, 2007).

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…(anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which are known to modulate synaptic transmission throughout the brain (Zogopoulos et al., 2013). mental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy. or Brain Research/Fondazione . a), [email protected] Unlike other…

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suggested that longer followup is needed because there may be some regret after the first couple of years [4].

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Parsing accuracy is measured in the experiments by three different metrics: • Attachment score (AS): The proportion of tokens (excluding punctuation) that are assigned the correct head (or no head if the token is a root) (Eisner, 1996; Collins et al., 1999).

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All ‘don’t know’ and ‘unsure’ responses (Table 1) were classed as missing values in the dataset and Maximum Likelihood (ML) imputation was used to estimate replacement values for all missing data [52,53].

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of Rosenstein et al. (1993). Using the model free method of Rosenstein et al. (1993), the three treatments were all found to result in slightly positive LEs, but the results were deemed inconclusive given the small sample size (4 replicates of 18 generations) and the sensitivity of the method to any kind of stochastic noise (demographic or environmental).

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Detailed description of micro-core sampling and culturing conditions can be found in (Davelos et al., 2004a).

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Illustra PuReTaq ReadyTo-Go PCR beads (0.5 ml tubes, GE healthcare) were used to amplify DTL, SLFN5, TRIM47, WRAP53 and CHN1 transcripts (denaturing at 94uC for 30 s, annealing at 58uC for 1 min and elongation at 72uC for 2 min, 25–35 cycles).

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Such a converge conveys an increased bilineal vulnerability to affective disorders in the parents’ offspring (3, 4).

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In contrast to the above finding, the relationship between population structure and AMB susceptibility was small.

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treatment with Fgf8b is shown, because Fgf8b, the most potent isoform of Fgf8, is the only gene of the studied FGF family members that has been found to be crucial in mesoderm development in the mouse (Guo and Li, 2007).

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Individual flight activity was scored using the one-zero sampling method (Altmann, 1974; Martin & Bateson, 1986).

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Five of 8 subscales of this previously validated instrument were used: (1) limitations in physical activities because of physical or emotional problems; (2) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; (3) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional health problems; (4) general health perceptions; and (5) general mental health.

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These results are contrary to the previous study [29] reporting that the time interval between seeding osteoblasts and adding culture medium significantly affected the osteoblast proliferation.

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XY, ZW, including multiple sex chromosomes) and temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), as well as species in which the two modes of sex determination interact [6,8,27-29].

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Regarding the RNA content of EVs, they were found to carry both mRNAs and small RNAs (Valadi et al., 2007; Crescitelli et al., 2013).

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This fact is because overweight individuals are more likely to have difficulty moving around, resulting in greater economy of movement, increased energy expenditure and early fatigue in aerobic activities, reducing performance in physical tests (32).

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The similar profile of memory dysfunction has been described between MCI and AD (Petersen, 2004b; Petersen et al., 1999), and in MCI subjects with a higher risk of conversion to AD (Petersen, 2007; Sarazin et al., 2010).

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In accordance with previous results obtained in our laboratory and by other groups, we have observed that the limited access protocol leads to the development of fat-bingeing behaviors (Corwin et al., 1998; Corwin, 2004; Wojnicki et al., 2008; Blanco-Gandia et al., 2017).

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We analyzed gamma-band activity over central parietal and occipital electrodes, the electrodes that produced activity correlated with microsaccades in adults (Yuval-Greenberg et al., 2008).

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Finally, pigeons may even be superior to humans in their capacity to mentally rotate visual information, as they show no increase in reaction time when judging the identity of stimuli presented at increasingly different angular orientations, whereas humans do (Hollard & Delius, 1982).

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These models are the radial-modesof-vibration model of Abdullah (1966), the tornado/ boundary interaction model of Tatom et al. (1995), and the corotating vortex model (Powell 1964; Georges 1976; Mitchell et al. 1992).

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NSP1 also binds specifically to all rotavirus mRNAs [4, 15], and while the sequence necessary for NSP1 binding has not been precisely identified, it is known to be located near the 5′-end, since gene 5 mRNA probes containing the first 278 nucleotides are sufficient for NSP1 binding [15].

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4910, which contains a PK domain most similar to PDK1, a master AGC kinase in other eukaryotes [32] the CAMK Tb927.

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To support regional applications, ALEXI couples The Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model [4] with an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) model to simulate changes in near surface air temperature (Ta) that are consistent with TSEB modeled surface fluxes[2,3].

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Figure 3 shows the fit of the model to the dynamics of divergence and diversity of patients S-P1—SP11 [13].

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Recent results on the computational universality in language equations of an extremely simple form, obtained by Kunc [10,11] and by Jeż and Okhotin [7,8], make one suspect universality even in this restricted case.

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To illuminate the evolutionary history of GBP family, all newly identified genes combined with 13 previously described GBP genes (Olszewski et al. 2006; Degrandi et al. 2007) were used to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree.

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Moreover, the values obtained were similar to those reported in other qPCR assays designed to quantify several biological control agents (15, 32, 55).

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Another work [9] proposes a blind reversible watermarking approach for medical images based on histogram shifting in a wavelet domain.

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72 The percent reflectance (R) is equated to a form of a pseudo-absorption coefficient (K/S) with this method, similar to that obtained through transmission experiments.(72)

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Based on the kinetics data in Figure 1 and Figure S2, the previously reported kinetics data [17,18], and a crystal structure study of the ATP-RT complex [11], we assumed mixed noncompetitive inhibition of ATP and competitive inhibition of NRTIs (Figure 2C).

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The present study was not able to confirm any of the studied anatomical variables as predictive factors of venous congestion, despite being suggested in the literature.[5,6,13,14] The abdominal superficial venous dominance is one of the most extended and accepted (but not proved) hypothesis for explaining the diffuse congestion as a large diameter SIEV may denote dominance over the deep venous system.

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Experience of using technology has a significant impact on an individual’s attitude and intention to use technology (Igbaria and Guimaraes, 1995; Kim and Garrison, 2009).

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Fatigue crack growth is promoted at the rim from these microcrack sites, particularly when max= Y is high ( max ≈ 12 Y) (Peters et al., 2002).

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Our CSU diagnostic evaluation, described in greater detail elsewhere (Carroll et al., 1981) consists of a 14-day drug-free period (patients are completely free of psychotropic medications during this period): several clinical interviews; a structured diagnostic interview, the Schedule for Affective…

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This procedure is consistent with earlier experiments [5,8] Next, they watched a second video with a different story and visualization followed by a questionnaire about the second story.

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For the second problem, we have employed a design policy of interactive behaviors, such as a pseudo-learning mechanism and talking about personal matters (Kanda et al. 2004 b).

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A high LDL-C level was treated in accordance with the evidence-based practice guideline 2009 for the treatment of chronic kidney disease established by the Japanese Society of Nephrology and clinical guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients established by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy [17,18].

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This may be due to poor cell cycle synchronization in the former or to a higher level of Mrc1 protein in hsk1-89 cells, which can potentially cause adverse effects on signal enrichment in a ChIP assay (41).

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Hajos et al. (2001) found that WIN55,212-2 depressed excitatory transmission in the hippocampus of both wildtype and CB1-/- mice, while two other groups have found that excitatory transmission was depressed only in wildtype mice (Kawamura et al., 2006; Takahashi and Castillo, 2006).

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Recent studies have implicated several risk factors for ESBL-E colonization at admission: prior ESBL-E carriage, transfer from hospitalization units and especially long-term care facilities or ICUs, coming from a high-prevalence country, poor functional status, current antibiotic use and chronic renal insufficiency [14,17,19-23].

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This result is consistent with findings by Bland et al.21 Several ultrasonography studies after carpal tunnel release have been reported previously.13,14,22–25 However, the clinical significance of a reduction in the CSA after carpal tunnel release remains controversial.

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Advantages: Good cosmetic result by forming a cylindrical phallus, creation of an acceptable sensate phallus,(25) providing good sensory nerves for its neurovascular pedicle,(12) excellent phallus sensation if the nerve is well-functioned,(54) and well-vascularized neourethra that allows voiding from a standing position.(29,47)

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These results resembled those of the previous report that the Taiwan clone (SCCmecVT-ST59-spa t437 or t441-pvl+) with resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline constituted most of the pvl+ CC59 CA-MRSA strains found in Western Australia [49].

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…forests through important stand development phases (for example, establishment, canopy closure, age-related declines in stand productivity) to examine whether the early stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO2 persists as stands mature after reaching maximum productivity (Körner 2006).

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Solutions exist for specific connectivity [14, 2, 13] and syntax/form [18, 4, 19] problems.

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Further, we assume based on available experimental results (Pimanda et al., 2007b; Smith et al., 2008) that the increase in the transcriptional rate occurs via modulation of the state of chromatin rather than through direct interaction with transcriptional machinery.

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Our observations, showing increased sIL2R levels during acute exercise, are supported by the results of others (Baum et al. 1994; Dufaux and Order 1989; Sprenger et al. 1992; Tilz et al. 1993); together these findings suggest that elevated receptor levels during exercise could bind IL-2, and hence down-regulate IL-2-dependent cell-mediated immune responses by reducing free circulating IL-2 levels and/or mitogen-stimulated cell proliferation.