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In the numerical experiments, we set, as suggested in [16], β = 10−2, η = 0.
[ "method" ]
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…of ER-mitochondria intersections within cells, and that Spire1CΔKIND-mediated disruption of mitochondrial fission (see Figure 4C, right panel) could be due to a reduction in ER-mediated mitochondrial constriction in these cells (Friedman et al., 2011; Korobova et al., 2013; Murley et al., 2013).
[ "background" ]
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Although these occipital components are modulated by spatially-focused attention (Hillyard and Anllo-Vento, 1998), it was not predicted that these components would
[ "background" ]
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This enables one to describe the trend in dietary pattern (or dietary pattern trajectories) over time while taking account of the correlation that exists between successive measures of dietary data (40).
[ "background" ]
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…analogous categorization applicable to this study region only, and these categories correspond approximately to those (in parentheses) described by Spitzer and Danks (2006) (Table 2): (1) bog specialist (tyrphobiontic)—restricted or nearly so to peatlands; (2) bog affiliate…
[ "method" ]
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For each syllable, F0 was time-normalized by extracting 10 temporally equidistant F0 measurements using the Praat script ProsodyPro [31].
[ "method" ]
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Such a conclusionmight also explain the apparent absence of structural protein fragments from 2DE maps in the tender group, as it has been reported that lower pH (other than actual proteolysis) contributes to fiber dissociation and triggers exposition of muscle fibers to proteolytic attacks [10].
[ "background" ]
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After being presented by Jacobs and Bruscos (1995), diverse IG-based algorithms have been applied to solve various scheduling problems, including single-machine scheduling problems (Ying et al, 2009), parallel-machine scheduling problems (Lin et al, 2011), flowshop scheduling problems (Ribas et al, 2011; Pan and Ruiz, 2014), HFSPs (Ying, 2009; Ying et al, 2014), distributed flowshop scheduling problems (Lin et al, 2013b; Fernandez-Viagas and Framinan, 2015; Ribas et al, 2017), and personnel task scheduling problems (Lin and Ying, 2014).
[ "background" ]
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For the sake of brevity, we used a seven-item version of the ECR (ECR-short), which included three anxiety and four avoidance items (for details, see Bartz & Lydon, 2004).
[ "method" ]
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For example, one of the two human Caf1 orthologs, hCaf1, associates with the arginine methyltransferase, PRMT1 [42].
[ "background" ]
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The results for veridical recall replicated previous results in the literature (Bal- lardini et al., 2008; McDermott & Watson, 2001), with the average recall of studied words increas- ing monotonically as SOA increased.
[ "result", "not_supportive" ]
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…that were negative for both DAF and CD59 (a PNH phenotype), which are known as reliable indicators of a favourable response to IST in AA (Sugimori et al, 2006), were detectable by our flow cytometry 5 months after the first appearance of NKG2D ligand-expressing granulocytes in 2004…
[ "background" ]
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This result is similar to that described in bovine and contrary to that described in equine in which both beta-1 and beta-2 globulin fractions are present (Kaneko et al. 1997).
[ "result", "not_supportive" ]
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To date, these reactions have primarily been investigated on an interpersonal level – the level of individual profiles (e.g., Hooper & Kalidas, 2012; McLaughlin & Vitak, 2012; Peña & Brody, 2014).
[ "background" ]
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After briefly summarizing our combined model, we proceed to review the individual techniques employed: query-likelihood (Lafferty & Zhai 2001), relevance and pseudo-relevance feedback (Lavrenko & Croft 2001), and Markov random field modeling of sequential term dependencies (Metzler & Croft 2005).
[ "method" ]
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This validation can be readily done using a specific PCR and PCR product sequencing, for which miR-RACE can be prefered method due to its effectiveness in the validation of precise sequences, especially both ends of miRNAs [19,36].
[ "method" ]
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+1-701-777-2624; Fax +1-701-777-3894 e-mail kevin'y~ medicine'und'n~ raise for reducing rejection of organ transplants in mammals (Kino and Goto 1993).
[ "background" ]
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rufifacies were still observed flying around deer carrion when the ambient temperature was ∼9 °C in South Carolina of USA (Cammack and Nelder 2010).
[ "background" ]
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(orb), egl, and BicD (Costa et al., 2005; Mach and Lehmann, 1997; Suter and Steward, 1991).
[ "background" ]
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, 2011); (ii) 99 metabolites allowed discrimination of humanised and gnotobiotic mice, although they possess quite distinct microbiota (85% of the microbial genera and species are different) (Marcobal et al., 2013); (iii) 43 metabolites were found to differ when comparing the human, mouse and rat faecal metabolomes (Saric et al.
[ "background" ]
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Following the discovery of the receptors, fatty acid endogenous ligands, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), and a degradation system including a re-uptake mechanism and hydrolytic enzymes have been identi®ed (Devane et al., 1992; Deutsch and Chin, 1993; Mechoulam et al., 1995; Dinh et al., 2002).
[ "background" ]
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These results are similar to those reports for Trichoderma harzianum (Benhamou and Chet, 1993, 1996, 1997) and P. oligandrum (Benhamou et al., 1999) as well as Microsphaeropsis sp. (Carisse et al., 2001).
[ "result", "not_supportive" ]
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The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was evaluated on the initial non-enhanced CT [21].
[ "method" ]
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These results were evident when comparing levels in fasting pregnant women with non-fasting [21,24-29], non-pregnant [24], or lactating women [24] or even with their own levels measured before and after breaking fast [33].
[ "result", "supportive" ]
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For some PESP-models, the genetic algorithm that has been proposed by Nachtigall and Voget ([15]), constitutes a competitive alternative ([11, 5]).
[ "method" ]
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errors of all expressed transcripts in the diploid C57Bl/6J, Cast/EiJ transcriptome were estimated using MMSEQ (Turro et al., 2011) for each mapped
[ "method" ]
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The 8-point RLS is widely used in Sweden in some emergency departments and neurosurgical units instead of the GCS.
[ "method" ]
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It was related for females of Bitis nasicornis (Marsh and Glatston, 1974), Crotalus adamanteus (Mebs and Kornalik, 1984), and Calloselasma rhodostoma (Daltry et al.
[ "background" ]
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Because most off-target nicks are not adjacent to each other and do not form DSBs, these nicks are repaired precisely and rarely lead to indels (Ran et al. 2013a; Shen et al. 2014).
[ "background" ]
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…personality and a general tendency to engage in high-risk/externalizing behaviors, such as drinking, illicit drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and other antisocial behaviors (Conrod et al., 2010; Finn, Sharkansky, Brandt, & Turcotte, 2000; Krueger et al., 2002; Mackie, Castellanos, & Conrod, 2011).
[ "background" ]
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However this mostly affects preprocessor macros and demacrofication [76] allows those to be replaced by function calls, which are accurately represented in the bitcode.
[ "background" ]
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Gui et al. (2006) reported that CatD in B. mori is ecdysteroid-induced, differentially and spatially expressed in the larval fat body of the final instar and in the larval gut of pupal stage, and its expression led to programmed cell death.
[ "background" ]
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Cell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005).
[ "background" ]
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A video version of this idea has been explored as well [8,9], with varying degrees of success.
[ "background" ]
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…Smt3 and Ubc9 1379 © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Molecular Microbiology, 51, 1375–1387 Proteolysis of cyclin and non-cyclin APC/C substrates is impaired in ubc9-2 and smt3-331 mutants Previous results described a role for Ubc9 in the degradation of cyclins Clb2 and Clb5 (Seufert et al., 1995).
[ "background" ]
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T1Rs and T2Rs, when activated, transduce taste signals to G-proteins (Kusakabe et al. 2000; Wong et al. 1996) and then to the effector enzyme, namely phospholipase C-b 2 (PLC-b 2) (Adler et al. 2000).
[ "background" ]
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Another MAGE family member, Dlxin-1 (encoded by the Maged1 gene), has also been shown to complex with necdin and Msx/Dlx family members (17).
[ "background" ]
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This transient response to +CO2 has been observed in several experiments (Norby and others 1999; Körner 2006).
[ "background" ]
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In the Philippines, the National Newborn Screening Program enables early detection of newborns with CAH so that timely and appropriate management is instituted (Padilla and Therrell 2007).
[ "background" ]
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…role of CA1 structural damage in episodic encoding deficits evidenced here in aMCI is therefore consistent with both hypotheses of an anterior (Lepage et al., 1998) and an antero-posterior (Schacter and Wagner, 1999) in se rm -0 06 42 17 6, v er si on 1 - 21 N ov 2 01 1 14 specialization…
[ "result", "supportive" ]
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…can be used to determine parameter values of the Farquhar model (Farquhar et al., 1980), and leaf venation, which has recently been defined in a consistent way and appears to be correlated with other leaf functional traits (Sack & Frole, 2006; Brodribb et al., 2007; Blonder et al., 2011).
[ "method" ]
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Comparing Saudi DIDS with previously reported cases [Table III] [10, 18, 19], our patients have less rate of cutaneous viral infections [p value: 0.0019 ].
[ "result" ]
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A large part of Shannon’s seminal work [16] is devoted to both theoretical and practical aspects of products, and his invocation of the pastry dough mixing analogy [16, p.
[ "background" ]
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The PCR reactions were multiplex PCR using three sets of primers: Mycgen-F, Mycgen-R, Mycav-R; RD4F, RD4R, RD4intF; and RD10F, RD10R, RD10intR [28].
[ "background" ]
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Positive control sections for SPARC were of mouse kidney (Kopp et al., 1992) and were always positive.
[ "background" ]
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in allele substitution effect, due to the overall rarity of such genetic effects when measured in large sample sizes [16,19,20,21].
[ "background" ]
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Dearman and Peirce [1] extended this investigation to a population of academics and industry workers, and documented how these users
[ "background" ]
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These findings were generated in the presence of counterbalancing and IL-12- and IFN- -mediated Th1-type responses, which are also expressed in BALB/c mice by the second week of infection (30, 45).
[ "background" ]
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Similar results were found by Sideris et al. (1999) in Greece and Mohebali et al. (2005) in Iran.
[ "result", "not_supportive" ]
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Statistical methods employed by this group (see Table 1) to incorporate filters or informative priors are mostly based on regression models [27, 30, 33, 36, 37]; one is also based on counting methods [28].
[ "method" ]
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Given that the determination of phenolic OH groups of lignins with 1H NMR has also been recommended (Faix et al., 1994), we calculated functional groups (phenolic hydroxyl (ArOH), aliphatic hydroxyl (AlkOH), and methoxyl (MeO) groups) with 1H NMR (Pan et al., 2006b).
[ "background" ]
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In the literature there are some papers related with this topic by studying changes between two time-invariant filter banks [10,11,12].
[ "background" ]
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However, it is a general principle of adaptive evolution that oscillations in the intensity of environmental stressors results in higher mutation rates and a greater need to adapt when compared with constant stressor pressure [24, 25].
[ "background" ]
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Fecal fat was estimated by Van de Kamer quantitative method and fecal fat content >7 g/day in adults was taken as abnormal [15].
[ "method" ]
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LA Volume: The measurement of left atrial (LA) volume was obtained from the biplane method of disks (modified Simpson’s rule) using apical 4-chamber (A4C) and apical 2-chamber (A2C) views at ventricular end systole [7].
[ "method" ]
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…metazon divergence Molecular clock analyses have challenged the conventional wisdom about the emergence of several metazoan phyla in late Vendian and early Cambrian periods [<600 million years ago (mya)] (e.g., Runnager 1982; Doolittle et al. 1996; Wray et al. 1996; Nikoh et al. 1997).
[ "background" ]
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This is also indicative of the results of Kerzenmacher and Gardiner (1998), who applied an inversion method on data from a spruce forest and obtained a CD = 0.2 for the stem region (below 8 m) and a CD = 0.1 for the crown region (above 8 m), i.e. a Pm of 2.
[ "method" ]
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In another study, 550 V of high-voltage electrical stimulation was applied to Cabrito carcasses, and ES increased a∗ and b∗ values of carcasses [10].
[ "background" ]
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The Cornell protocol [2] applied to 1127 patients with symptoms of and/or exposure to inhalational anthrax (IA) presenting to emergency departments and evaluated during the 2001 bioterrorism-related outbreak of IA.
[ "method" ]
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CDK complexes, and if control of the cell cycle is disrupted, progress through the cycle might be stimulated by overexpressed cyclins, enhanced CDK activity or inactivated CDK inhibitors (Hunter and Pines, 1994; Sherr, 1995; Malumbres and Barbacid, 2001; Chulu and Liu, 2009).
[ "background" ]
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A similar result was obtained by Monteiro et al. (2011), who also found no seasonal differences in bark regeneration of M. urundeuva.
[ "result", "not_supportive" ]
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…copy number (genome equivalents) per mitochondrial particle was determined from the total mtDAPI FI relative to DAPI FI from vaccinia virus using a method analogous to that described in (Miyamura et al. 1986) and used to determine ptDNA copy number (Oldenburg and Bendich 2004; Zheng et al. 2011).
[ "method" ]
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Since the hypothetical Q1 chair GQ is stable in standard simulations with full ion binding, we applied the unfolding (denaturing) no-salt simulation (60,78).
[ "method" ]
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In addition, it has also been reported that Dox impairs cardiac autophagosome formation and its degradation, resulting in cardiac dysfunction (18).
[ "background" ]
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Left renal glucose utilization and splanchnic glucose utilization (utilization) were calculated using the formula utilization 5 FEGlc 3 3Glc4a 3 R1H2PF (4) where R(H)PF equals either unilateral renal plasma flow or hepatic plasma flow.
[ "method" ]
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The maturation and mineralization of the newly formed bone in the extraction socket can be accelerated or improved by graft materials[13].
[ "background" ]
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…ago from the mouse cerebellum (Furuichi et al., 1989), numerous inositol trisphosphate receptor genes have been identified and grouped into a family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (Vannier et al., 1998; Blondel et al., 1993; Maranto, 1994; Ross et al., 1992; Sudhof et al., 1991).
[ "background" ]
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We have focused herein on the importance of TJs in maintaining the proper compartmentalization of bile constituents, a concept that is supported by results from recent studies using experimental models of colitis or bile duct ligation (16, 18, 21, 31, 34).
[ "result", "not_supportive" ]
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See for instance Nishimura and Ozaki (2007), p681. ha ls hs -0 05 34 02 7, v er si on 1 - 8 N ov 2 01 0 (unique) critical value *W such that option is exercised if and only if * tW W ; if not, the option is kept moving forward, defining a continuation region where * tW W .
[ "background" ]
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…that there is ample evidence from functional magnetic imaging experiments that in humans prediction errors are indeed encoded in the dorsal striatum (e.g. Valentin & O’Doherty, 2009; Cooper et al., 2011), including regions of dorsal putamen most comparable to rat DLS (e.g. Garrison et al., 2013).
[ "background" ]
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66cff403dcc51acca22bc0d274a7cec93072f1a9
These were derived from prior non-operative studies for inguinal hernia and ventral hernia [15, 23, 28, 29].
[ "method" ]
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…of the common 59 leader sequence to the different 39 body segments present in arterivirus and coronavirus sg mRNAs (previously reviewed by e.g. Sawicki & Sawicki, 1995, 2005; van der Most & Spaan, 1995; Lai & Cavanagh, 1997; Brian & Spaan, 1997; Snijder & Meulenberg, 1998; Lai & Holmes, 2001).
[ "method" ]
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Although Arpp/Ankrd2 has been reported to be localized mainly in the I-band of striated muscle (Tsukamoto et al. 2002; Miller et al. 2003), a recent study has revealed that Arpp/Ankrd2 can interact with nuclear proteins, including premyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), p53 and YB-1, in vitro (Kojic…
[ "background" ]
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…and negatively regulated by different p80 katanin domains The contradictory findings that human p60 binds stably to microtubules in vitro but never co-localizes with microtubules in vivo (McNally and Thomas, 1998) suggested that katanin might interact transiently with microtubules in vivo.
[ "background" ]
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As in other studies, major depression among the gay men we surveyed was strongly associated with weaker social support, less community involvement, the experience of more stress and a reliance on passive coping strategies (Dew et al. 1997; Mao et al. 2009b; Mills et al. 2004; Prachakul et al. 2007).
[ "result", "supportive" ]
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The present results confirm earlier studies that the increased NH3(aq) concentration and temperature may increase the inactivation of microorganisms (Pecson et al.,2007; Nordin et al., 2009).
[ "result", "not_supportive" ]
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Literature values for hydrolysis of DG and DGS range from 100 to 180 mg/g (Kim et al., 2008b; Tucker et al., 2004; Bals et al., 2009; Noureddini et al., 2009).
[ "background" ]
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3f00bbb14df492a54fab0b610251dc56e6876a91
, 2006; Hengst and Jaffrey, 2007), the question of whether local protein translation is required for growth cone responses to guidance cues remains unresolved as a result of conflicting findings from different neuronal populations (Piper et al., 2006; Yao et al., 2006; Lin and Holt, 2007; Bouchard et al., 2008; Lang et al., 2008; Roche et al., 2009).
[ "background" ]
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Intakes of calcium were obtained from the EPIC Nutrient Data Base (ENDB); in which the nutritional composition of foods across the different countries has been standardized [23].
[ "method" ]
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This is possible because the generation time is shorter, the genetic material can be manipulated easily and the cultural conditions can be optimized easily (Gupta et al., 2004).
[ "background" ]
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8a15c6059bc1fd08e9cfbf34f3113add464da0a3
FaultTracer [80] and TestTube [13] collect dependencies on methods, Echelon [68] collects dependencies on basic blocks, etc.
[ "method" ]
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Substrata such as surrogate geological materials (Reardon et al. 2004; Bennett et al. 2000) or Bio-sep beads (Microbial Insights, Inc., Rockford, TN) (Geyer et al. 2005; Kastner et al. 2006) can also be deployed to investigate the in situ microbial community.
[ "background" ]
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MMP-2 is considered a constitutively expressed MMP, whereas MMP-9 is expressed at low levels under normal conditions (Gottschall et al., 1995; Yong et al., 1998; Planas et al., 2001) but is induced under pathological conditions, such as cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration (Aoki et al., 2002; Lo…
[ "background" ]
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4% of the cells contained in human ADH/dysplasia [29], and in 59% of the cells within human DCISs at Penylvania State U niersity on Feruary 3, 2013 http://carcfordjournals.
[ "background" ]
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Later, due to spontaneous symplasmic isolation, plasmatic connections between shield cells as well as between shield cell, basal cell and manubrial cell break [10].
[ "background" ]
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crime and traffic), which might account for the limited association (Ding et al., 2011).
[ "background" ]
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…α subunits that are required for L-AChR function at the NMJ but are also expressed in the nervous system (Fleming et al., 1997); (Culetto et al., 2004); (Eimer et al., 2007). unc-50 and unc-74 encode genes previously implicated in L-AChR maturation and are broadly expressed in muscles and neurons.
[ "background" ]
08baac54a3dcf69a804483504c0807361ce65923>None_0
08baac54a3dcf69a804483504c0807361ce65923
Why our results differ from studies of tropical forests (e.g., Augspurger 1983, 1984; Augspurger and Kelly 1984; Kitajima and Augspurger 1989) is unclear.
[ "result", "supportive" ]
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Several common abnormal laboratory results are known to be predictive of poor outcomes in older persons, such as high C-reactive protein (CRP) level [7], high homocysteine level [8], low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) [9], low albumin level [10], low alanine transaminase level [11], low hemoglobin level [12,13], and poor kidney function (low creatinin clearance) [14].
[ "background" ]
5b36a10ab1c0b5454959edc29a00b0e6c2546974>777cb6d460aba93eda5d7bf2e6f01c5bf9666171_1
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decussata is similar to those of some long-lived, wind-pollinated species with fragmented distributions (Huang et al. 2002; Petit et al. 2005; Jaramillo-Correa et al. 2006; Provan et al. 2007).
[ "background" ]
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b603e41fe01e780dc3320ff0245005e193afe17e
…(Balana et al., 2011; Bottcher et al., 2012; Cai et al., 2011; Ghai et al., 2013; Ghai et al., 2011; Hayashi et al., 2012; Joubert et al., 2004; Knauth et al., 2005; Lauffer et al., 2010; Lunn et al., 2007; Steinberg et al., 2013; Temkin et al., 2011; Valdes et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013).
[ "background" ]
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SVMs have also been proved to outperform other nonlinear techniques including neural network-based techniques such as multilayer perceptrons (MLP) [8].
[ "background" ]
901db74191c2acef694ee0ae9c22b64fde422901>5f5426242a8eba77a976e97ab98ef953590c5470_3
901db74191c2acef694ee0ae9c22b64fde422901
guidance, angiogenesis, and long-term potentiation, a form of associative synaptic plasticity observed at hippocampal synapses (Klein, 2008).
[ "background" ]
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881de858dc8a1025d3433a292218e767850f1936
Age or growth-dependent increases of trace-elements (such as Hg and Se) were often found in tissues of top-predators (Kunito et al., 2004; Seixas et al., 2009).
[ "background" ]
010e24d584def4077e56fc9831f935e9d0bc1121>b87dc0d3b3572ead969e5691c79f022125440fcd_0
010e24d584def4077e56fc9831f935e9d0bc1121
Interestingly, association of TXNIP hypo-me at the same CpG3 with type 2 diabetes and related traits (including fasting glucose, HbA1C, and insulin resistance) (57–60), serum metabolites related to diabetes (61), and high blood triglycerides (62) in WB DNA from various cohorts was recently reported.
[ "background" ]
0b8bdc9a685b682f08b6337296c98f5c5e731a08>a57e5cff0fcc4dfcdd552af023a3da0406401b89_1
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Imagebased models yielded joint kinematics, net joint moments, hip joint forces, muscle activation patterns and bone strains in the proximal-lateral femoral shaft in agreement with earlier studies (Aamodt et al., 1997; Bergmann et al., 2001; Inman et al., 1989; Kadaba et al., 1989; Stacoff et al., 2005). We found errors in the hip-joint-centre location of up to 2.01 cm for the scaled-generic model, which is similar to the 2.09 proximal shift of the hip-jointcentre location reported by Lenaerts et al. (2009). Errors in the flexion–extension moment arms of the hip-spanning muscles over the investigated activities were as high as 38.
[ "result", "supportive" ]
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The rows represent the model from Bikel and Chiang (2000) and Bikel (2004), the SVM and ensemble models from Wang et al. (2006), and our parser, respectively.
[ "method" ]
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The use of a throat pack increased the risk of developing sore throat by more than 3 times; this finding is in contrast to previous studies in which the presence of a throat pack was not found to be a risk factor in the development of POST.17,18 Our patients predominantly underwent ENT surgery, in which it is common to use a throat pack to prevent blood from trickling into the stomach and leading to postoperative nausea and vomiting.
[ "result", "supportive" ]
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Aortic segments were used for immunoblotting as described above and for the determination of vascular nitrate levels while aortic rings were used to measure vascular reactivity as described previously.(28,29) Immunoblotting in aortic homogenates was performed following a pull-down with eNOS as described in an available protocol (Cell Signaling); therefore, IgG was used as a loading control and corresponded directly with eNOS levels.
[ "method" ]
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during B deficiency has been considered harmful for the plant growth through their enhanced oxidation (Cakmak and Römheld 1997) and the B-deficiency induced production of excess phenolic acids has even been proposed to cause eventual death of plants (Lee and Aronoff 1967).
[ "background" ]