Evaluating Changes in Ocular Redness Using a Novel Automated Method.
PURPOSE
To evaluate interobserver concordance in measured ocular redness among a group of raters using an objective computer-assisted method (ocular redness index [ORI]) and a group of clinicians using an ordinal comparative scale.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective study to evaluate ocular redness in clinical photographs of 12 patients undergoing pterygium surgery. Photographs were acquired preoperatively, and at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. One group of clinicians graded conjunctival redness in the photographs using an image-based comparative scale. A second group applied the ORI to measure redness in the same photographs. We evaluated redness change between time points, level of agreement among raters, and assessed redness score differences among observers within each group.


RESULTS
Interobserver agreement using the image-based redness scale was 0.458 (P < 0.001). Interobserver agreement with the ORI was 0.997 (P < 0.001). We observed statistically significant differences among clinicians' measurements obtained with the image-based redness scale (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences among measurements obtained with the ORI (P = 0.27). We observed a significant change in redness between baseline and follow-up visits with all scoring methods. Detailed analysis of redness change was performed only in the ORI group due to availability of continuous scores.


CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that the ORI scores provide higher consistency among raters than ordinal scales, and can discriminate redness changes that clinical observers often can miss.


TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
The ORI may be a reliable alternative to measure ocular redness objectively in the clinic and in clinical trials.
['Amparo|Francisco|F|', 'Yin|Jia|J|', 'Di Zazzo|Antonio|A|', 'Abud|Tulio|T|', 'Jurkunas|Ula V|UV|', 'Hamrah|Pedram|P|', 'Dana|Reza|R|']
ocular redness conjunctival redness continuous scale hyperemia objective measurement