Examination of the severity of two-lane highway traffic barrier crashes using the mixed logit model.
INTRODUCTION
Vehicles in transport sometimes leave the travel lane and encroach onto natural or artificial objects on the roadsides. These types of crashes are called run-off the road crashes, which account for a large proportion of fatalities and severe crashes to vehicle occupants. In the United States, there are about one million such crashes, with roadside features leading to one third of all road fatalities. Traffic barriers could be installed to keep vehicles on the roadways and to prevent vehicles from colliding with obstacles such as trees, boulder, and walls. The installation of traffic barriers would be warranted if the severity of colliding with the barrier would be less severe than colliding with other fix objects on the sides of the roadway. However, injuries and fatalities do occur when vehicle collide with traffic barriers. A comprehensive analysis of traffic barrier features is lacking due to the absence of traffic barrier features data. Previous research has focused on simulation studies or only a general evaluation of traffic barriers, without accounting for different traffic barrier features.


METHOD
This study is conducted using an extensive traffic barrier features database for the purpose of investigating the impact of different environmental and traffic barrier geometry on this type of crash severity. This study only included data related to two-lane undivided roadway systems, which did not involve median barrier crashes. Crash severity is modeled using a mixed binary logistic regression model in which some parameters are fixed and some are random.


RESULTS
The results indicated that the effects of traffic barrier height, traffic barrier offset, and shoulder width should not be separated, but rather considered as interactions that impact crash severity. Rollover, side slope height, alcohol involvement, road surface conditions, and posted speed limit are some factors that also impact the severity of these crashes. The effects of gender, truck traffic count, and time of a day were found to be best modeled with random parameters in this study. The effects of these risk factors are discussed in this paper.


PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Results from this study could provide new guidelines for the design of traffic barriers based upon the identified roadway and traffic barrier characteristics.
['Rezapour|Mahdi|M|', 'Wulff|Shaun S|SS|', 'Ksaibati|Khaled|K|']
D000063:Accidents, Traffic D000328:Adult D000428:Alcohol Drinking D016208:Databases, Factual D004779:Environment Design D000431:Ethanol D005260:Female D006801:Humans D016015:Logistic Models D008297:Male D018986:Motor Vehicles D012307:Risk Factors D012449:Safety D014195:Travel D014481:United States D014947:Wounds and Injuries
Traffic barrier Crash severity Random parameter Guardrail Interaction terms