Anti-neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells upon treatment with methanol extract of Panax ginseng root.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) root by measuring the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells.


METHODS
Maximal non-toxic dose (MNTD) of methanol extract of P. ginseng root culture on BV2 microglia cells was first determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, followed by treatment and LPS stimulation of cells, and the measurement of NO using Griess assay and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 using ELISA assay.


RESULTS
The MNTD of P. ginseng root extract was determined to be (587 ± 57) µg/mL. Following that, NO and IL-6 levels were found to be insignificantly reduced by 6.88% and 0.14% respectively in stimulated cells upon treatment with MNTD. Treatment with MNTD yielded similar insignificant result, with only a reduction of 3.58% and 0.08% in NO and IL-6 levels respectively. However, TNF-α and IL-10 levels were significantly downregulated by 15.64% and 34.96% respectively upon treatment with P. ginseng root extract at MNTD.


CONCLUSION
Methanol extract of P. ginseng root culture did not show any significant anti-inflammatory effects on NO and IL-6 levels, but might potentially possess both anti-neuroinflammatory and pro-neuroinflammatory properties through the downregulation of TNF-α and IL-10 respectively.
['Chien Yi|Koay|K|', 'Anna Pick Kiong|Ling|L|', 'Ying Pei|Wong|W|', 'Rhun Yian|Koh|K|', 'Sobri|Hussein|H|']
D000818:Animals D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal D006801:Humans D007249:Inflammation D008070:Lipopolysaccharides D017628:Microglia D016328:NF-kappa B D009569:Nitric Oxide D005894:Panax D018517:Plant Roots
Panax Microglia Root culture Anti-inflammatory agents Cytokines Inflammation