Immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment by Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) ligands.
In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, the intratumoral expression of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) correlates with prolonged survival. We demonstrated that TLR3 ligands can operate through three independent mechanisms: by directly killing TLR3-expressing cancer cells, by inducing T- and natural killer (NK)-cell infiltration and by activating TLR3-expressing NK cells.
['Chew|Valerie|V|', 'Abastado|Jean-Pierre|JP|']
tumor microenvironment hepatocellular carcinoma Toll-like receptor cancer vaccine chemokine immunotherapy