Melt Electrospinning Writing of Highly Ordered Large Volume Scaffold Architectures.
The additive manufacturing of highly ordered, micrometer-scale scaffolds is at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research. The fabrication of scaffolds for the regeneration of larger tissue volumes, in particular, remains a major challenge. A technology at the convergence of additive manufacturing and electrospinning-melt electrospinning writing (MEW)-is also limited in thickness/volume due to the accumulation of excess charge from the deposited material repelling and hence, distorting scaffold architectures. The underlying physical principles are studied that constrain MEW of thick, large volume scaffolds. Through computational modeling, numerical values variable working distances are established respectively, which maintain the electrostatic force at a constant level during the printing process. Based on the computational simulations, three voltage profiles are applied to determine the maximum height (exceeding 7 mm) of a highly ordered large volume scaffold. These thick MEW scaffolds have fully interconnected pores and allow cells to migrate and proliferate. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study to report that z-axis adjustment and increasing the voltage during the MEW process allows for the fabrication of high-volume scaffolds with uniform morphologies and fiber diameters.
['Wunner|Felix M|FM|', 'Wille|Marie-Luise|ML|', 'Noonan|Thomas G|TG|', 'Bas|Onur|O|', 'Dalton|Paul D|PD|', 'De-Juan-Pardo|Elena M|EM|', 'Hutmacher|Dietmar W|DW|http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-2134']
electrospinning additive manufacturing electrostatics 3D printing in-process control