In vitro evaluation of variances between real and declared concentration of hydrogen peroxide in various tooth-whitening products.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the real hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration in various commercially available tooth-whitening products containing HP and/or carbamide peroxide (CP).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixteen commercially available tooth-whitening products containing various concentrations of CP or HP were investigated. The products were divided into four groups: dentist-supervised home bleaching products (Group 1, n = 5), in-office bleaching products (Group 2, n = 4), over-the-counter bleaching products (Group 3, n = 3) and whitening toothpastes and rinses (Group 4, n = 4). The peroxide concentration was determined using the oxy-reduction titration method. All the reagents used in the study were of analytic grade and freshly prepared before the experiment.


RESULTS
The HP concentration in various dentist-supervised home bleaching products and in-office bleaching products ranged from 3.02-37.08% (expected range = 3-38%). The HP concentration of over-the-counter whitening products ranged from 1.24-5.57% (expected range cannot be estimated as no concentration of active ingredient was provided). Among whitening toothpastes and rinses, Colgate Plax whitening rinse showed more than 1% HP concentration, whereas it was lower than 0.05% in other whitening toothpastes and oral rinses (expected range cannot be estimated as no active ingredient was mentioned).


CONCLUSIONS
HP concentration of most of the professional tooth-whitening products was different from the expected concentrations, although the deviations were small and most of the products were close to the expected concentration. No concentration of active ingredient was provided for over-the-counter whitening products and no active ingredient was mentioned for whitening toothpastes and rinses.
['Majeed|Abdul|A|', 'Farooq|Imran|I|', 'Grobler|Sias R|SR|', 'Moola|M H|MH|']
D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide D006801:Humans D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide D008422:Materials Testing D009067:Mouthwashes D004366:Nonprescription Drugs D010084:Oxidation-Reduction D010545:Peroxides D017186:Titrimetry D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents D014100:Toothpastes D014508:Urea
hydrogen peroxide carbamide peroxide Tooth bleaching tooth whitening