Embolization of high-flow priapism: technical aspects and clinical outcome from a single-center experience.
PURPOSE
High-flow priapism is an incomplete and painless persistent erection caused by trauma. Its diagnosis is performed thanks to clinic and imaging evaluation with detection of fistula/pseudoaneurysm in the cavernous tissue. This paper aims to retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of superselective arterial embolization in patients with high-flow priapism.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 2008 to March 2017, nine patients with high-flow priapism have been treated in a single center with embolization. The main etiology was trauma in eight subjects. The patients were evaluated with laboratory examinations and clinical and imaging findings (color Doppler ultrasonography and angiography). The mean follow-up time after embolization was 24 months.


RESULTS
Eleven procedures were performed in nine patients: two of them required a second treatment session because of recurrence after 1-2 weeks. Embolic agents were microcoils, microparticles (300-500 μm) and Spongostan. Restoration of erectile function was monitored by clinical and color Doppler evaluation during follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Superselective embolization should be the procedure of choice in patients affected by high-flow priapism; this technique appears to be successful in preserving erectile function. The choice of the embolic agent is crucial, and it should be tailored for each patient.
['De Magistris|Giuseppe|G|', 'Pane|Francesco|F|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-9292', 'Giurazza|Francesco|F|', 'Corvino|Fabio|F|', 'Coppola|Milena|M|', 'Borzelli|Antonio|A|', 'Silvestre|Mattia|M|', 'Amodio|Francesco|F|', 'Cangiano|Gianluca|G|', 'Cavaglià|Enrico|E|', 'Niola|Raffaella|R|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000792:Angiography D002648:Child D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic D057510:Endovascular Procedures D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D010410:Penile Erection D010413:Penis D011317:Priapism D012008:Recurrence D012039:Regional Blood Flow D019233:Retreatment D012189:Retrospective Studies D013997:Time Factors D016896:Treatment Outcome D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color D055815:Young Adult
High-flow priapism Pseudoaneurysm Pelvic arteriography Penile color-Doppler Traumatic embolization