Obesity as risk factor for subtypes of breast cancer: results from a prospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND
Earlier epidemiological studies indicate that associations between obesity and breast cancer risk may not only depend on menopausal status and use of exogenous hormones, but might also differ by tumor subtype. Here, we evaluated whether obesity is differentially associated with the risk of breast tumor subtypes, as defined by 6 immunohistochemical markers (ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, Bcl-2 and p53, separately and combined), in the prospective EPIC-Germany Study (n = 27,012).


METHODS
Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues of 657 incident breast cancer cases were used for histopathological analyses. Associations between BMI and breast cancer risk across subtypes were evaluated by multivariable Cox regression models stratified by menopausal status and hormone therapy (HT) use.


RESULTS
Among postmenopausal non-users of HT, higher BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of less aggressive, i.e. ER+, PR+, HER2-, Ki67low, Bcl-2+ and p53- tumors (HR per 5 kg/m2: 1.44 [1.10, 1.90], p = 0.009), but not with risk of more aggressive tumor subtypes. Among postmenopausal users of HT, BMI was significantly inversely associated with less aggressive tumors (HR per 5 kg/m2: 0.68 [0.50, 0.94], p = 0.018). Finally, among pre- and perimenopausal women, Cox regression models did not reveal significant linear associations between BMI and risk of any tumor subtype, although analyses by BMI tertiles showed a significantly lower risk of less aggressive tumors for women in the highest tertile (HR: 0.55 [0.33, 0.93]).


CONCLUSION
Overall, our results suggest that obesity is related to risk of breast tumors with lower aggressiveness, a finding that requires replication in larger-scale analyses of pooled prospective data.
['Nattenmüller|Cina J|CJ|', 'Kriegsmann|Mark|M|', 'Sookthai|Disorn|D|', 'Fortner|Renée Turzanski|RT|', 'Steffen|Annika|A|', 'Walter|Britta|B|', 'Johnson|Theron|T|', 'Kneisel|Jutta|J|', 'Katzke|Verena|V|', 'Bergmann|Manuela|M|', 'Sinn|Hans Peter|HP|', 'Schirmacher|Peter|P|', 'Herpel|Esther|E|', 'Boeing|Heiner|H|', 'Kaaks|Rudolf|R|', 'Kühn|Tilman|T|http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-317X']
D000328:Adult D000367:Age Factors D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor D015992:Body Mass Index D001940:Breast D001943:Breast Neoplasms D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy D005260:Female D005858:Germany D006801:Humans D015994:Incidence D008875:Middle Aged D009765:Obesity D017697:Premenopause D011446:Prospective Studies D012307:Risk Factors
Obesity Breast cancer Tumor subtypes Bcl-2 p53 Estrogen receptor Ki-67