Management of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.
Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a common complication following cataract surgery. Acute PCME may resolve spontaneously, but some patients will develop chronic macular edema that affects vision and is difficult to treat. This disease was described more than 50 years ago, and there are multiple options for clinical management. We discuss mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of these treatment modalities. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids are widely used and, when combined, may have a synergistic effect. Intravitreal corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have shown promise when topical medications either fail or have had limited effects. Randomized clinical studies evaluating anti-VEGF agents are needed to fully evaluate benefits and risks. When PCME is either refractory to medical therapy or is associated with significant vitreous involvement, pars plana vitrectomy has been shown to improve outcomes, though it is associated with additional risks.
['Guo|Suqin|S|', 'Patel|Shriji|S|', 'Baumrind|Ben|B|', 'Johnson|Keegan|K|', 'Levinsohn|Daniel|D|', 'Marcus|Edward|E|', 'Tannen|Brad|B|', 'Roy|Monique|M|', 'Bhagat|Neelakshi|N|', 'Zarbin|Marco|M|']
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal D002387:Cataract Extraction D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination D005938:Glucocorticoids D006801:Humans D008269:Macular Edema D019591:Pseudophakia D012307:Risk Factors D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A D014821:Vitrectomy
pseudophakic cystoid macular edema non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents corticosteroids anti-vascular endothelial growth factor pars plana vitrectomy