Gender-based differences in injecting drug use by young adults who experienced maltreatment in childhood: Findings from an Australian birth cohort study.
BACKGROUND
Childhood maltreatment has been associated with a range of adverse mental and psychosocial outcomes, but its association with subsequent injecting drug use (IDU) is less clear. This study investigates the associations between specific and multiple forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment and IDU reported at 21 years.


METHOD
The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy is a prospective birth cohort study. It recruited pregnant women at their first antenatal clinic visit and collected data on their children at 21 years. Data from 3750 participants (1769 males and 1981 females) were analysed using agency substantiated childhood maltreatment from birth to 14 years of age and self-reports of ever IDU at 21 years. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to control for possible confounders.


RESULTS
The sample's mean age was 20.6 years. Some 4.1% (n=72) of males and 4.6% (n=91) of females had experienced substantiated childhood maltreatment. The prevalence of IDU was 6.6% (n=118) and 4.6% (n=91) for males and females, respectively. In adjusted models, all forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment, with the exception of sexual abuse, were associated with IDU in females (adjusted odds ratios (AORs)=2.69-3.02) but only emotional abuse (AOR=2.51) was associated with IDU in males. Multiply occurring forms of childhood maltreatment were also associated with IDU in females (AORs=2.36-3.41) but not in males.


CONCLUSIONS
Injecting drug use appears to be an adverse outcome of childhood maltreatment particularly in females. Additional research is needed to better understand why females appear to be more affected than males.
['Abajobir|Amanuel Alemu|AA|', 'Kisely|Steve|S|', 'Williams|Gail|G|', 'Clavarino|Alexandra|A|', 'Strathearn|Lane|L|', 'Najman|Jake Moses|JM|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D002648:Child D002649:Child Abuse D015331:Cohort Studies D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008297:Male D001523:Mental Disorders D016017:Odds Ratio D015995:Prevalence D011446:Prospective Studies D011793:Queensland D012307:Risk Factors D012737:Sex Factors D013223:Statistics as Topic D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D055815:Young Adult
Injecting drug use Young adults Birth cohort Childhood maltreatment