Applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the pediatric abdomen.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a radiation-free, safe, and in specific clinical settings, highly sensitive imaging modality. Over the recent decades, there is cumulating experience and a large volume of published safety and efficacy data on pediatric CEUS applications. Many of these applications have been directly translated from adults, while others are unique to the pediatric population. The most frequently reported intravenous abdominal applications of CEUS in children are the characterization of focal liver lesions, monitoring of solid abdominal tumor response to treatment, and the evaluation of intra-abdominal parenchymal injuries in selected cases of blunt abdominal trauma. The intravesical CEUS application, namely contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS), is a well-established, pediatric-specific imaging technique entailing the intravesical administration of ultrasound contrast agents for detection and grading of vesicoureteral reflux. In Europe, all pediatric CEUS applications remain off-label. In 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the most commonly used worldwide second-generation ultrasound contrast SonoVue®/Lumason® for pediatric liver and intravesical applications, giving new impetus to pediatric CEUS worldwide.
['Ntoulia|Aikaterini|A|0000-0002-9853-4873', 'Anupindi|Sudha A|SA|', 'Darge|Kassa|K|', 'Back|Susan J|SJ|']
D000005:Abdomen D002648:Child D003287:Contrast Media D006801:Humans D061214:Patient Safety D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity D014463:Ultrasonography
Applications Contrast-enhanced ultrasound CEUS Safety Pediatric population Intravenous Children Intravesical ceVUS IV CEUS Intracavitary