15-Epi-LXA4 and MaR1 counter inflammation in stromal cells from patients with Achilles tendinopathy and rupture.
Resolution of inflammation is poorly understood in Achilles tendon disorders. Herein, we investigated the bioactive lipid mediator profiles of tendon-derived stromal cells isolated from patients with Achilles tendinopathy (AT) or Achilles rupture (AR) under baseline and IL-1β-stimulated conditions. We also determined whether incubating these cells with 2 of the mediators produced by tendon-derived stromal cells, 15-epi-Lipoxin A4 (15-epi-LXA4) or maresin (MaR)-1, moderated their proinflammatory phenotype. Under baseline conditions, AT cells showed concurrent increased levels of proinflammatory eicosanoids and proresolving mediators compared with AR cells. IL-1β treatment induced profound prostaglandin E2 release in AR compared with AT cells. Incubation of IL-1β treated AT and AR tendon-derived stromal cells in 15-epi-LXA4 or MaR1 reduced proinflammatory eicosanoids and potentiated the release of proresolving mediators. These mediators also induced specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) biosynthetic enzymes arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) 12 and ALOX15 and up-regulated the proresolving receptor ALX compared with vehicle-treated cells. Incubation in 15-epi-LXA4 or MaR1 also moderated the proinflammatory phenotype of AT and AR cells, regulating podoplanin, CD90, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1, IL-6, IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 5, and TLR4 and suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2/3, Lyn, STAT-3, and STAT-6 phosphokinase signaling. In summary, we identify proresolving mediators that are active in AT and AR and propose SPMs, including 15-epi-LXA4 or MaR1, as a potential strategy to counterregulate inflammatory processes in these cells.-Dakin, S. G., Colas, R. A., Newton, J., Gwilym, S., Jones, N., Reid, H. A. B., Wood, S., Appleton, L., Wheway, K., Watkins, B., Dalli, J., Carr, A. J. 15-Epi-LXA4 and MaR1 counter inflammation in stromal cells from patients with Achilles tendinopathy and rupture.
['Dakin|Stephanie G|SG|', 'Colas|Romain A|RA|', 'Newton|Julia|J|', 'Gwilym|Stephen|S|', 'Jones|Natasha|N|', 'Reid|Hamish A B|HAB|', 'Wood|Simon|S|', 'Appleton|Louise|L|', 'Wheway|Kim|K|', 'Watkins|Bridget|B|', 'Dalli|Jesmond|J|', 'Carr|Andrew J|AJ|']
D000125:Achilles Tendon D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase D001706:Biopsy D002478:Cells, Cultured D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids D015777:Eicosanoids D005260:Female D020869:Gene Expression Profiling D006801:Humans D018836:Inflammation Mediators D053583:Interleukin-1beta D044045:Lipoxins D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D012421:Rupture D015398:Signal Transduction D017154:Stromal Cells D052256:Tendinopathy
resolution tendon 15-epi-LipoxinA maresin-1