Biochemistry of Copper Site Assembly in Heme-Copper Oxidases: A Theme with Variations.
Copper is an essential cofactor for aerobic respiration, since it is required as a redox cofactor in Cytochrome c Oxidase (COX). This ancient and highly conserved enzymatic complex from the family of heme-copper oxidase possesses two copper sites: CuA and CuB. Biosynthesis of the oxidase is a complex, stepwise process that requires a high number of assembly factors. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art in the assembly of COX, with special emphasis in the assembly of copper sites. Assembly of the CuA site is better understood, being at the same time highly variable among organisms. We also discuss the current challenges that prevent the full comprehension of the mechanisms of assembly and the pending issues in the field.
['Llases|María-Eugenia|ME|0000-0003-0867-3405', 'Morgada|Marcos N|MN|0000-0002-4397-7546', 'Vila|Alejandro J|AJ|0000-0002-7978-3233']
D000818:Animals D001692:Biological Transport D002384:Catalysis D003300:Copper D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV D006418:Heme D006801:Humans D007477:Ions D056511:Metallochaperones D008954:Models, Biological D008968:Molecular Conformation D010084:Oxidation-Reduction D010088:Oxidoreductases D011485:Protein Binding
copper site assembly heme-copper oxidases copper trafficking metallochaperone