Endocrine-Disrupting Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Breast Milk: Changes during Lactation.
The aim of the present study was to assess infant safety associated with the occurrence of endocrine-disrupting organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in breast milk. Moreover, the association between pregnant mothers' dietary habits and these compounds levels in breast milk was investigated. Breast milk was collected at various stages of lactation. The samples were analyzed by the GC-MS method. The OCP concentrations ranged from < limit of detection (LOD) to 6.81 ng/g lipids. The highest OCP concentrations in breast milk occurred primarily within the first month of lactation, and decreased over the lactation period. It was found that the maternal consumption of certain food products-in particular pork, beef, poultry, eggs, and dairy products-could have affected the content of 1,1'-(2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene), called DDT and its metabolites in the breast milk. The levels of beta-endosulfan were positively correlated with fish and poultry consumption. The redundancy analysis indicated that the diets of the pregnant women had an important impact on pesticide residues in the breast milk. There is a potential possibility of lowering the content of organochlorine compounds in breast milk by adhering to nutritional recommendations, e.g., avoiding the excessive consumption of fish and other raw food materials of unknown origin.
['Witczak|Agata|A|0000-0002-7705-2138', 'Pohoryło|Anna|A|', 'Abdel-Gawad|Hassan|H|0000-0002-6166-1342']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D004032:Diet D052244:Endocrine Disruptors D005260:Female D006801:Humans D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated D007774:Lactation D008895:Milk, Human D010573:Pesticide Residues D011247:Pregnancy D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D055815:Young Adult
human breast milk lactation OCPs endocrine disrupting pesticides infant health