Role of P2 receptors in normal brain development and in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders.
The purinergic signaling system, including P2 receptors, plays an important role in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Over the last few decades, a substantial amount of accumulated data suggest that most P2 receptor subtypes (P2X1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, and P2Y1, 2, 6, 12, and 13) regulate neuronal/neuroglial developmental processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration of neuronal precursors, and neurite outgrowth. However, only a few of these subtypes (P2X2, P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2) have been investigated in the context of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. The activation of these potential target receptors and their underlying mechanisms mainly influence the process of neuroinflammation. In particular, P2 receptor-mediated inflammatory cytokine release has been indicated to contribute to the complex mechanisms of a variety of CNS disorders. The released inflammatory cytokines could be utilized as biomarkers for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders to improve the early diagnosis intervention, and prognosis. The population changes in gut microbiota after birth are closely linked to neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders in later life; thus, the dynamic expression and function of P2 receptors on gut epithelial cells during disease processes indicate a novel avenue for the evaluation of disease progression and for the discovery of related therapeutic compounds.
['Huang|Lumei|L|', 'Otrokocsi|Lilla|L|', 'Sperlágh|Beáta|B|']
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate D001921:Brain D002118:Calcium D002454:Cell Differentiation D002465:Cell Movement D049109:Cell Proliferation D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome D006801:Humans D001523:Mental Disorders D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation D009474:Neurons D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 D015398:Signal Transduction
P2 receptors Development Neuroinflammation Gut microbiota ATP Autism spectrum disorder Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Schizophrenia