Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Septum: Assessment of Bioactive Molecules and In Vitro Biological Effects.
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) septum represents an interesting bioactive compound source by-product. In our study, a rich phenolic walnut septum extract, previously selected, was further examined. The tocopherol content determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed higher amounts of α-tocopherol compared to γ- and δ-tocopherols. Moreover, several biological activities were investigated. The in vitro inhibiting assessment against acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, or lipase attested a real management potential in diabetes or obesity. The extract demonstrated very strong antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis. It also revealed moderate (36.08%) and strong (43.27%) antimutagenic inhibitory effects against TA 98 and TA 100 strains. The cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed on cancerous (A549, T47D-KBluc, MCF-7) and normal (human gingival fibroblasts (HGF)) cell lines. Flow cytometry measurements confirmed the cytotoxicity of the extract in the cancerous cell lines. Additionally, the extract demonstrated antioxidant activity on all four cell types, as well as anti-inflammatory activity by lowering the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β)) evaluated in HGF cells. To the best of our knowledge, most of the cellular model analyses were performed for the first time in this matrix. The results prove that walnut septum may be a potential phytochemical source for pharmaceutical and food industry.
['Rusu|Marius Emil|ME|0000-0002-0880-9889', 'Fizesan|Ionel|I|', 'Pop|Anca|A|', 'Mocan|Andrei|A|0000-0001-5848-8457', 'Gheldiu|Ana-Maria|AM|0000-0003-4865-0777', 'Babota|Mihai|M|', 'Vodnar|Dan Cristian|DC|0000-0001-5407-8071', 'Jurj|Ancuta|A|', 'Berindan-Neagoe|Ioana|I|', 'Vlase|Laurian|L|0000-0002-0664-3387', 'Popa|Daniela-Saveta|DS|0000-0001-7449-5753']
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents D016587:Antimutagenic Agents D000975:Antioxidants D017209:Apoptosis D045744:Cell Line, Tumor D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors D002853:Chromatography, Liquid D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors D006801:Humans D053583:Interleukin-1beta D015850:Interleukin-6 D016209:Interleukin-8 D031324:Juglans D008049:Lipase D009754:Nuts D010936:Plant Extracts D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa D012477:Salmonella enteritidis D013211:Staphylococcus aureus D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry D024505:Tocopherols
by-product walnut septum tocopherols LC-MS/MS antimicrobial antimutagenic antioxidant anti-inflammatory activity enzyme inhibitor