Disruption of Pten speeds onset and increases severity of spontaneous colitis in Il10(-/-) mice.
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Early-onset ulcerative colitis, which is considered severe colonic inflammation that develops in infants and young children, can be caused by alterations in interleukin (IL)-10 signaling, although other factors are involved in its pathogenesis. We investigated whether loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), which regulates many important cell functions such as cell proliferation, cell survival, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, contributes to the development of colitis in Il10(-/-) mice.


METHODS
We generated Il10(-/-) mice (in C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJBir background strains) with disruption of Pten in the intestinal epithelium (Ints(ΔPten/ΔPten);Il10(-/-) mice) and Ints(ΔCont);Il10(-/-) (control) mice. Colon tissues were collected and histological, transmission electron microscopy, and gene expression analysis were performed. Fecal microbiota samples were analyzed by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. We disrupted Tlr4 in Ints(ΔPten/ΔPten);Il10(-/-) mice. Lipopolysaccharide signaling via TLR4 was blocked by treating mice with polymyxin B.


RESULTS
Il10(-/-) mice developed colitis when they were 6 to 7 months old, whereas Ints(ΔPten/ΔPten);Il10(-/-) mice developed severe colitis and colon tumors by the time they were 36 days old. Within 3 months of birth, 80% of Ints(ΔPten/ΔPten);Il10(-/-) mice developed severe colitis and colonic malignancy, whereas none of the Ints(ΔCont);Il10(-/-) mice had these phenotypes. Ints(ΔPten/ΔPten);Il10(-/-) mice had alterations in fecal microbiota compared with controls, such as increased proportions of Bacteroides species, which are gram negative. Disruption of Tlr4 or treating Ints(ΔPten/ΔPten);Il10(-/-) mice with polymyxin B delayed the development of colitis and reduced disease severity.


CONCLUSIONS
Disruption of Pten in the intestinal epithelium of Il10(-/-) mice speeds the onset and increases the severity of colitis. Fecal microbiota from Ints(ΔPten/ΔPten);Il10(-/-) mice have increased proportions of Bacteroides species. Development of colitis is delayed and reduced by blocking TLR4 signaling. Ints(ΔPten/ΔPten);Il10(-/-) mice may be studied as a model for early-onset ulcerative colitis and used to identify new therapeutic targets.
['Im|Eunok|E|', 'Jung|Jane|J|', 'Pothoulakis|Charalabos|C|', 'Rhee|Sang Hoon|SH|']
D000367:Age Factors D000818:Animals D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents D003092:Colitis D003106:Colon D003110:Colonic Neoplasms D004195:Disease Models, Animal D005243:Feces D005786:Gene Expression Regulation D005838:Genotype D016753:Interleukin-10 D007413:Intestinal Mucosa D051379:Mice D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D018345:Mice, Knockout D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase D010641:Phenotype D011112:Polymyxin B D012720:Severity of Illness Index D015398:Signal Transduction D013997:Time Factors D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Innate Immunity Intestinal Epithelial Cells Pediatric