Screening and assessment of solidification/stabilization amendments suitable for soils of lead-acid battery contaminated site.
Lead exposure via ingestion of soil and dust generally occurs at lead-acid battery manufacturing and recycling sites. Screening solidification/stabilization (S/S) amendments suitable for lead contaminated soil in an abandoned lead-acid battery factory site was conducted based on its chemical forms and environmental risks. Twelve amendments were used to immobilize the Pb in soil and assess the solidification/stabilization efficiency by toxicity leaching tests. The results indicated that three amendments, KH₂PO₄ (KP), KH₂PO₄:oyster shell power=1:1 (by mass ratio; SPP), and KH₂PO₄:sintered magnesia=1:1 (by mass ratio; KPM) had higher remediation efficiencies that led to a 92% reduction in leachable Pb with the addition of 5% amendments, while the acid soluble fraction of Pb (AS-Pb) decreased by 41-46% and the residual fraction (RS-Pb) increased by 16-25%. The S/S costs of the three selected amendments KP, SPP, and KPM could be controlled to $22.3 per ton of soil when the Pb concentration in soil ranged from 2000 to 3000 mg/kg. The results of this study demonstrated that KP, SPP, and KPM can effectively decrease bioavailability of Pb. These findings could provide basis for decision-making of S/S remediation of lead-acid battery contaminated sites.
['Zhang|Zhuo|Z|', 'Guo|Guanlin|G|', 'Teng|Yanguo|Y|', 'Wang|Jinsheng|J|', 'Rhee|Jae Seong|JS|', 'Wang|Sen|S|', 'Li|Fasheng|F|']
D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis D004391:Dust D011211:Electric Power Supplies D004787:Environmental Pollution D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation D007854:Lead D008903:Minerals D010316:Particle Size D010710:Phosphates D012037:Refuse Disposal D012989:Soil Pollutants
Solidification/stabilization Lead-acid battery contaminated site Screening and assessment of amendments