Role of metallothioneins 1 and 2 in ocular neovascularization.
PURPOSE
The incidence of blindness is increasing, in part, because of abnormal ocular neovascularization. Anti-VEGF therapies have yielded impressive results; however, they are not a cure for blindness. Recently, metallothioneins (MTs) 1 and 2 have been implicated in the process of angiogenesis. Therefore, we investigated whether MT-1 and MT-2 were also involved in ocular neovascularization.


METHODS
The concentrations of MT-1 and MT-2 (hereafter MT-1/2) were observed by ELISA. We examined the role of MT-1/2 in ocular neovascularization by using both an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model. We investigated the localization of MT-1/2 in retina. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and VEGF in OIR. In vitro, we investigated the degradation of HIF-1α.


RESULTS
The MT-1/2 were significantly elevated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. Ocular neovascularization, which was induced in both the OIR model and the CNV model, was decreased in MT-1/2 knockout (KO) mice. We confirmed that although MT-1/2 was expressed throughout the murine retina, its expression levels were highest in the endothelial cells. Further, OIR enhanced MT-1/2 expression in the retina. Interestingly, in the OIR model, both HIF-1α and VEGF levels were significantly decreased in the retina of MT-1/2 KO mice. In addition, we found that knockdown of MT-1/2 accelerated ubiquitination of HIF-1α.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that MT-1/2 are involved in retinal and choroidal neovascularization, and that MT-1/2 might be a new therapeutic target in diseases in which ocular angiogenesis is implicated.
['Nakamura|Shinsuke|S|', 'Shimazawa|Masamitsu|M|', 'Inoue|Yuki|Y|', 'Takata|Shinsuke|S|', 'Ito|Yasushi|Y|', 'Tsuruma|Kazuhiro|K|', 'Ikeda|Tsunehiko|T|', 'Honda|Akiko|A|', 'Satoh|Masahiko|M|', 'Hara|Hideaki|H|']
D000368:Aged D000818:Animals D015153:Blotting, Western D004195:Disease Models, Animal D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay D005128:Eye Diseases D005260:Female D005451:Fluorescein Angiography D005654:Fundus Oculi D006801:Humans D015151:Immunoblotting D007150:Immunohistochemistry D008297:Male D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 D051379:Mice D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D018345:Mice, Knockout D008875:Middle Aged D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic D014822:Vitreous Body
metallothionein neovascularization VEGF HIF-1α