Effects of a ketogenic diet on adipose tissue, liver, and serum biomarkers in sedentary rats and rats that exercised via resisted voluntary wheel running.
We investigated the effects of different diets on adipose tissue, liver, serum morphology, and biomarkers in rats that voluntarily exercised. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (∼9-10 wk of age) exercised with resistance-loaded voluntary running wheels (EX; wheels loaded with 20-60% body mass) or remained sedentary (SED) over 6 wk. EX and SED rats were provided isocaloric amounts of either a ketogenic diet (KD; 20.2%-10.3%-69.5% protein-carbohydrate-fat), a Western diet (WD; 15.2%-42.7-42.0%), or standard chow (SC; 24.0%-58.0%-18.0%); n = 8-10 in each diet for SED and EX rats. Following the intervention, body mass and feed efficiency were lowest in KD rats, independent of exercise (P < 0.05). Absolute and relative (body mass-adjusted) omental adipose tissue (OMAT) masses were greatest in WD rats (P < 0.05), and OMAT adipocyte diameters were lowest in KD-fed rats (P < 0.05). None of the assayed OMAT or subcutaneous (SQ) protein markers were affected by the diets [total acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC), CD36, and CEBPα or phosphorylated NF-κB/p65, AMPKα, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)], although EX unexpectedly altered some OMAT markers (i.e., higher ACC and phosphorylated NF-κB/p65, and lower phosphorylated AMPKα and phosphorylated HSL). Liver triglycerides were greatest in WD rats (P < 0.05), and liver phosphorylated NF-κB/p65 was lowest in KD rats (P < 0.05). Serum insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were greater in WD and/or SC rats compared with KD rats (P < 0.05), and serum β-hydroxybutyrate was greater in KD vs. SC rats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, KD rats presented a healthier metabolic profile, albeit the employed exercise protocol minimally impacts any potentiating effects that KD has on fat loss.
['Holland|Angelia Maleah|AM|', 'Kephart|Wesley C|WC|', 'Mumford|Petey W|PW|', 'Mobley|Christopher Brooks|CB|', 'Lowery|Ryan P|RP|', 'Shake|Joshua J|JJ|', 'Patel|Romil K|RK|', 'Healy|James C|JC|', 'McCullough|Danielle J|DJ|', 'Kluess|Heidi A|HA|', 'Huggins|Kevin W|KW|', 'Kavazis|Andreas N|AN|', 'Wilson|Jacob M|JM|', 'Roberts|Michael D|MD|']
D000273:Adipose Tissue D000818:Animals D015415:Biomarkers D001835:Body Weight D055423:Diet, Ketogenic D066273:Diet, Western D004435:Eating D004734:Energy Metabolism D008099:Liver D008297:Male D009929:Organ Size D051381:Rats D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley D055070:Resistance Training D012146:Rest D057185:Sedentary Behavior D014836:Volition
ketogenic diet adipose tissue liver exercise insulin