Spotlight on nivolumab in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: design, development, and place in therapy.
Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and molecules inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin are being used for management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC); however, there is still a potential for improvement. Immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab and other PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors provide an alternative approach for patients with mRCC. In this article, the authors review the safety profile and outcomes of phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials of nivolumab in mRCC.
['Venur|Vyshak Alva|VA|', 'Joshi|Monika|M|', 'Nepple|Kenneth G|KG|', 'Zakharia|Yousef|Y|']
D000818:Animals D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal D000970:Antineoplastic Agents D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic D015195:Drug Design D006801:Humans D007680:Kidney Neoplasms D000077594:Nivolumab
nivolumab renal cell carcinoma PD-1 immunotherapy kidney cancer