Environmental cadmium exposure and noncancer mortality in a general Japanese population in cadmium nonpolluted regions.
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of environmental cadmium exposure according to urinary cadmium concentration (U-Cd) on noncancer mortality in a general Japanese population. We conducted a longitudinal study for 19 years in 2804 inhabitants (1107 men and 1697 women) in some cadmium nonpolluted regions in Japan. The participants were classified into quartiles based on U-Cd (μg/g cre) adjusted for urinary creatinine. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for continuous U-Cd or the quartiles of U-Cd were calculated for noncancer mortality. By applying a Fine and Gray competing risk model, continuous U-Cd (+1 μg/g cre) showed significant HR for cardiocerebrovascular diseases (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.11), cerebrovascular diseases (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.16), and cerebral infarction (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.20) in men. However, notable significant HR for continuous and quartered U-Cd were not observed in women. In this study, U-Cd was associated with increased cardiocerebrovascular mortality in a general Japanese population, suggesting that environmental cadmium exposure is detrimental to the life prognosis in cadmium nonpolluted regions in Japan.
['Suwazono|Yasushi|Y|0000-0003-3612-2395', 'Nogawa|Kazuhiro|K|0000-0001-8034-2243', 'Sakurai|Masaru|M|0000-0002-4929-3225', 'Watanabe|Yuuka|Y|', 'Nishijo|Muneko|M|', 'Ishizaki|Masao|M|', 'Morikawa|Yuko|Y|', 'Kido|Teruhiko|T|', 'Nakagawa|Hideaki|H|']
cadmium exposure noncancer mortality urinary cadmium life prognosis cohort study