Mitochondriopathies as a Clue to Systemic Disorders-Analytical Tools and Mitigating Measures in Context of Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized (3P) Medicine.
The mitochondrial respiratory chain is the main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cell. Although mitochondria possess a powerful antioxidant system, an excess of ROS cannot be completely neutralized and cumulative oxidative damage may lead to decreasing mitochondrial efficiency in energy production, as well as an increasing ROS excess, which is known to cause a critical imbalance in antioxidant/oxidant mechanisms and a "vicious circle" in mitochondrial injury. Due to insufficient energy production, chronic exposure to ROS overproduction consequently leads to the oxidative damage of life-important biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and amino acids, among others. Different forms of mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondriopathies) may affect the brain, heart, peripheral nervous and endocrine systems, eyes, ears, gut, and kidney, among other organs. Consequently, mitochondriopathies have been proposed as an attractive diagnostic target to be investigated in any patient with unexplained progressive multisystem disorder. This review article highlights the pathomechanisms of mitochondriopathies, details advanced analytical tools, and suggests predictive approaches, targeted prevention and personalization of medical services as instrumental for the overall management of mitochondriopathy-related cascading pathologies.
['Liskova|Alena|A|', 'Samec|Marek|M|0000-0002-2545-7694', 'Koklesova|Lenka|L|', 'Kudela|Erik|E|', 'Kubatka|Peter|P|0000-0003-4312-5076', 'Golubnitschaja|Olga|O|']
D000818:Animals D063646:Carcinogenesis D004734:Energy Metabolism D006801:Humans D008928:Mitochondria D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases D018384:Oxidative Stress D057285:Precision Medicine D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
mitochondriopathy oxidative damage vicious circle injury ROS overproduction dysfunction pathology ATP synthesis COVID-19 DNA repair antioxidant mechanisms apoptosis biomarker panels cancer chronic inflammation diagnostic tools dietary habits disease predisposition energy metabolism health policy individualised patient profile life-style liquid biopsy mitochondrial function multi-parametric analysis and machine learning neurodegeneration predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) socio-economic burden suboptimal health conditions systemic disorders tumorigenesis vasoconstriction