Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status, and Birth-Related Factors Influencing Offspring's Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review of Observational, Cohort, and Randomized Controlled Trials.
There is growing evidence that bone health may be programmed in the first years of life. Factors during the prenatal period, especially maternal nutrition, may have an influence on offspring's skeletal development and thus the risk of osteoporosis in further life, which is an increasing societal, health and economic burden. However, it is still inconclusive which early life factors are the most important and to what extent they may affect bone health. We searched through three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library) and after eligibility criteria were met, the results of 49 articles were analyzed. This narrative review is an overall summary of up-to-date studies on maternal diet, nutritional status, and birth-related factors that may affect offspring bone development, particularly bone mineral density (BMD). Maternal vitamin D status and diet in pregnancy, anthropometry and birth weight seem to influence BMD, however other factors such as subsequent growth may mediate these associations. Due to the ambiguity of the results in the analyzed studies, future, well-designed studies are needed to address the limitations of the present study.
['Masztalerz-Kozubek|Daria|D|0000-0002-3295-2415', 'Zielinska-Pukos|Monika A|MA|0000-0001-8894-6746', 'Hamulka|Jadwiga|J|0000-0003-4933-9016']
D000328:Adult D001724:Birth Weight D015519:Bone Density D001846:Bone Development D002648:Child D002675:Child, Preschool D015331:Cohort Studies D004032:Diet D005260:Female D006801:Humans D007223:Infant D007231:Infant, Newborn D018811:Maternal Exposure D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena D009752:Nutritional Status D064887:Observational Studies as Topic D010024:Osteoporosis D011247:Pregnancy D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
bone mineral density bone health osteoporosis bone development prenatal exposure prenatal nutrition