Cardiometabolic Health in Submariners Returning from a 3-Month Patrol.
Confined space, limited exercise equipment, rotating shift work and reduced sleep may affect cardiometabolic health in submariners. To test this hypothesis, 53 male U.S. Submariners (20-39 years) were studied before and after a 3-month routine submarine patrol. Measures included anthropometrics, dietary and physical activity, biomarkers of cardiometabolic health, energy and appetite regulation, and inflammation. Before deployment, 62% of submariners had a body fat % (BF%) ≥ 25% (obesity), and of this group, 30% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. In obese volunteers, insulin, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, the leptin/adiponectin ratio, and pro-inflammatory chemokines growth-related oncogene and macrophage-derived chemokine were significantly higher compared to non-obese submariners. Following the patrol, a significant mean reduction in body mass (5%) and fat-mass (11%) occurred in the obese group as a result of reduced energy intake (~2000 kJ) during the patrol; and, independent of group, modest improvements in serum lipids and a mean reduction in interferon γ-induced protein 10 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 were observed. Since 43% of the submariners remained obese, and 18% continued to meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome following the patrol, the magnitude of weight loss was insufficient to completely abolish metabolic dysfunction. Submergence up to 3-months, however, does not appear to be the cause of obesity, which is similar to that of the general population.
['Gasier|Heath G|HG|', 'Young|Colin R|CR|', 'Gaffney-Stomberg|Erin|E|', 'McAdams|Douglas C|DC|', 'Lutz|Laura J|LJ|', 'McClung|James P|JP|']
D052242:Adiponectin D000273:Adipose Tissue D000328:Adult D001786:Blood Glucose D015992:Body Mass Index D018925:Chemokines D002149:Energy Intake D006801:Humans D007249:Inflammation D007328:Insulin D007333:Insulin Resistance D020738:Leptin D008297:Male D024821:Metabolic Syndrome D008889:Military Personnel D009765:Obesity D057185:Sedentary Behavior D012767:Ships D012890:Sleep D015431:Weight Loss D014937:Work D055815:Young Adult
physical activity inflammation obesity metabolic syndrome insulin resistance chemokines adipokines diet