A Novel Etiology of Hypophysitis: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Checkpoint inhibitors trigger an immune process against cancer cells while causing cytotoxicity and self-antibody production against normal cells. Hypophysitis is a common endocrine toxicity. Hypophysitis may occur at any time during and after therapy, necessitating close clinical monitoring and screening for pituitary deficiencies. Treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids and temporary cessation of immunotherapy is indicated for severe hypophysitis with intractable headaches and vision changes, and for adrenal crisis. Increased awareness about this novel hypophysitis and multidisciplinary collaboration are needed to improve outcomes. This article reviews the function of immune checkpoint inhibitors and pituitary adverse effects with immune checkpoint inhibitor use.
['Fernandes|Stuti|S|', 'Varlamov|Elena V|EV|', 'McCartney|Shirley|S|', 'Fleseriu|Maria|M|']
D000074322:Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions D006801:Humans D000072659:Hypophysitis D000082082:Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors D007167:Immunotherapy
Hypophysitis Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Adrenal insufficiency Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 Endocrine dysfunction Programmed cell death T lymphocytes