Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Primed Unmanipulated Haploidentical Blood and Marrow Transplantation.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a growth factor for neutrophils, has been successfully used for stem cell mobilization and T cell immune tolerance induction. The establishment of G-CSF-primed unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation (The Beijing Protocol) has achieved outcomes for the treatment of acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and severe aplastic anemia with haploidentical allografts comparable to those of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor transplantation. Currently, G-CSF-mobilized bone marrow and/or peripheral blood stem cell sources have been widely used in unmanipulated haploidentical transplant settings. In this review, we summarize the roles of G-CSF in inducing T cell immune tolerance. We discuss the recent advances in the Beijing Protocol, mainly focusing on strategies that have been used to improve transplant outcomes in cases of poor graft function, virus infections, and relapse. The application of G-CSF-primed allografts in other haploidentical modalities is also discussed.
['Chang|Ying-Jun|YJ|', 'Zhao|Xiang-Yu|XY|', 'Huang|Xiao-Jun|XJ|']
D000818:Animals D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor D006239:Haplotypes D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation D006801:Humans D007108:Immune Tolerance D013601:T-Lymphocytes
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor poor graft function virus infections relapse haploidentical stem cell transplantation