Determination of tryptoquialanines A and C produced by Penicillium digitatum in oranges: Are we safe?
A method was developed and validated for determination of tryptoquialanines A and C in orange samples on epicarp (exterior peel), mesocarp (white peel), and endocarp (fruit juice) based on QuEChERS extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. The method showed an excellent linearity over a range of 5-400 μg kg-1, with r2 ≥ 0.998. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 5 and 10 µg kg-1, respectively. Recoveries showed values between 57 and 101%, with RSD ≤ 12%. Analysis of infected oranges showed diffusion of the alkaloids between the orange layers after 4 days post infection in concentrations > LOQ. Mycotoxin diffusion to healthy oranges after direct contact with infected oranges for 48 h, showed alkaloid concentrations ≥10 µg kg-1 on epicarp layer. The developed method can be easily applied for quality control in routine analysis of orange fruit due to the high risk that these tremorgenic alkaloids represent to human health.
['de Vilhena Araújo|Éder|É|', 'Vendramini|Pedro Henrique|PH|', 'Costa|Jonas Henrique|JH|', 'Eberlin|Marcos Nogueira|MN|', 'Montagner|Cassiana Carolina|CC|', 'Fill|Taicia Pacheco|TP|']
D000470:Alkaloids D002853:Chromatography, Liquid D032084:Citrus sinensis D005638:Fruit D057230:Limit of Detection D009183:Mycotoxins D010407:Penicillium D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tryptoquialanines Penicillium digitatum QuEChERS Mycotoxins