In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Eucarobustol E against Candida albicans.
Formyl-phloroglucinol meroterpenoids (FPMs) are important types of natural products with various bioactivities. Our antifungal susceptibility assay showed that one of the Eucalyptus robusta-derived FPMs, eucarobustol E (EE), exerted a strong inhibitory effect against Candida albicans biofilms at a concentration of 16 μg/ml. EE was found to block the yeast-to-hypha transition and reduce the cellular surface hydrophobicity of the biofilm cells. RNA sequencing and real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that exposure to 16 μg/ml of EE resulted in marked reductions in the levels of expressions of genes involved in hyphal growth (EFG1, CPH1, TEC1, EED1, UME6, and HGC1) and cell surface protein genes (ALS3, HWP1, and SAP5). Interestingly, in response to EE, genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis were downregulated, while the farnesol-encoding gene (DPP3) was upregulated, and these findings were in agreement with those from the quantification of ergosterol and farnesol. Combined with the obvious elevation of negative regulator genes (TUP1, NRG1), we speculated that EE's inhibition of carbon flow to ergosterol triggered the mechanisms of the negative regulation of hyphal growth and eventually led to biofilm inhibition.
['Liu|Rui-Huan|RH|', 'Shang|Zhi-Chun|ZC|', 'Li|Tian-Xiao|TX|', 'Yang|Ming-Hua|MH|', 'Kong|Ling-Yi|LY|']
D000935:Antifungal Agents D018441:Biofilms D002176:Candida albicans D002177:Candidiasis D002460:Cell Line D004875:Ergosterol D005052:Eucalyptus D005204:Farnesol D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal D006801:Humans D025301:Hyphae D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests D010696:Phloroglucinol D028321:Plant Preparations D013729:Terpenes D015533:Transcriptional Activation
antibiofilm eucarobustol E Candida albicans formyl-phloroglucinol meroterpenoids negative regulation natural antimicrobial products