Direct-to-consumer advertising of success rates for medically assisted reproduction: a review of national clinic websites.
OBJECTIVES
To establish how medically assisted reproduction (MAR) clinics report success rates on their websites.


SETTING
Websites of private and NHS clinics offering in vitro fertilisation (IVF) in the UK.


PARTICIPANTS
We identified clinics offering IVF using the Choose a Fertility Clinic facility on the website of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). Of 81 clinics identified, a website could not be found for 2, leaving 79 for inclusion in the analysis.


PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Outcome measures reported by clinic websites. The numerator and denominator included in the outcome measure were of interest.


RESULTS
53 (67%) websites reported their performance using 51 different outcome measures. It was most common to report pregnancy (83% of these clinics) or live birth rates (51%). 31 different ways of reporting pregnancy and 9 different ways of reporting live birth were identified. 11 (21%) reported multiple birth or pregnancy rates. 1 clinic provided information on adverse events. It was usual for clinics to present results without relevant contextual information such as sample size, reporting period, the characteristics of patients and particular details of treatments.


CONCLUSIONS
Many combinations of numerator and denominator are available for the purpose of reporting success rates for MAR. The range of reporting options available to clinics is further increased by the possibility of presenting results for subgroups of patients and for different time periods. Given the status of these websites as advertisements to patients, the risk of selective reporting is considerable. Binding guidance is required to ensure consistent, informative reporting.
['Wilkinson|Jack|J|0000-0003-3513-4677', 'Vail|Andy|A|', 'Roberts|Stephen A|SA|']
D000328:Adult D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D000067088:Direct-to-Consumer Advertising D005260:Female D006801:Humans D020407:Internet D011247:Pregnancy D011256:Pregnancy Outcome D018873:Pregnancy Rate D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted D006113:United Kingdom
advertising success rates assisted reproduction in vitro fertilisation live birth rate