Chronic Latent Magnesium Deficiency in Obesity Decreases Positive Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators.
BACKGROUND
Obesity and micronutrient deficiencies contribute to the risk of cardiometabolic diseases such are type 2 diabetes mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).


OBJECTIVE
We examined the frequency of concomitant deficit of Magnesium (Mg) and vitamin D in obese patients and evaluated the connection of these combined deficiencies with indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic subjects.


METHODS
Non-diabetic middle aged adults (n = 80; mean age 36 ± 4 years, 52% women) were recruited based on weight/adiposity parameters [i.e. Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage (FAT%)]. Cardiometabolic risk indicators [insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) and CVD risk (Framingham risk score for predicting 10-year CVD)], Mg status (i.e. total serum Mg concentration (TMg), Chronic Latent Mg Deficiency (CLMD) - 0.75-0.85 mmol/L), vitamin D status (i.e. serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), vitamin D deficiency <50 nmol/l) were assessed.


RESULTS
Among obese subjects 36% presented a combination of vitamin D deficiency and CLMD. In all studied patients, 25(OH)D and TMg levels both, individually and combined, showed a negative linear correlation with HOMA-IR and CVD risk. In subjects with CLMD (TMg <0.85 mmol/L), a negative linear coefficient was found between 25(OH)D and, HOMA-IR and CVD risk, compared with subjects with normal TMg status (TMg ≥0.85 mmol/L).


CONCLUSION
CLMD and vitamin D deficiency may commonly be present in obese non-diabetic subjects. Individually and combined, both deficiencies predispose non-diabetic patients to increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Maintaining normal Mg status may improve the beneficial effects of vitamin D on cardiometabolic risk indicators.
['Stokic|Edita|E|', 'Romani|Andrea|A|', 'Ilincic|Branislava|B|', 'Kupusinac|Aleksandar|A|', 'Stosic|Zoran|Z|', 'Isenovic|Esma R|ER|']
D000328:Adult D015415:Biomarkers D002908:Chronic Disease D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008275:Magnesium Deficiency D008297:Male D024821:Metabolic Syndrome D009765:Obesity D011379:Prognosis D018570:Risk Assessment D012307:Risk Factors D014807:Vitamin D D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency
chronic latent magnesium deficiency Obesity cardiometabolic risk indicators micronutrients insulin resistance vitamin D deficiency.