Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disorder that carries significant morbidity. The diagnosis requires sinus symptoms that persist despite standard medical therapy greater than 3 months. Viral infections, allergies, and anatomic differences in children lead to chronic obstruction of the osteomeatal complex.


RECENT FINDINGS
Chronic rhinosinusitis as a diagnosis is a conglomeration of multiple phenotypes and endotypes. As such, the diagnosis and management are complex. New survey studies provide some consensus on prevalence and management of this disease in children. In this review, we highlight the differential diagnosis of pediatric CRS, including non-eosinophilic/infectious variants, eosinophilic variants with and without nasal polyps, allergic fungal sinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, primary immunodeficiency, and disorders of mucociliary clearance. Further, we detail treatment options that should be considered. Finally, we feature emerging potential treatment options of CRS, including anti-immunoglobulin E, interleukin-5, and interleukin-4 receptor alpha subunit.
['Heath|Jordan|J|', 'Hartzell|Larry|L|', 'Putt|Claire|C|', 'Kennedy|Joshua L|JL|']
D002648:Child D003937:Diagnosis, Differential D006801:Humans D009298:Nasal Polyps D012220:Rhinitis D012852:Sinusitis
Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis Osteomeatal complex Nasal polyps Mucociliary clearance Monoclonal antibodies Treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis