Urinary Stones and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study.
AIM
Evidence is lacking about whether urinary stones are associated with the subsequent risk of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we investigated the association between history of urinary stones and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke among middle-aged Japanese.


METHODS
This cohort study included 89,037 Japanese men and women (45-74 years) registered in the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident CHD and stroke among Japanese adults with a self-reported history of urinary stones compared with those without it. The following covariates were included in the regression models: age, sex, area, body mass index, and histories of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking habit, alcohol intake, and physical activity.


RESULTS
In total, 1.31% of Japanese adults reported a positive history of urinary stones. Throughout a median follow-up period of 12 years, 1.16% of Japanese adults developed CHD, and 4.96% developed stroke. No associations were detected between history of urinary stones and the risk of CHD (HR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.64-1.67), stroke (HR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.71-1.20), or total CVD (HR 0.95; 95% CI: 0.75-1.19). Younger urinary stone formers (45-59 years) tended to have a higher, though statistically insignificant, risk of CHD than older urinary stone formers (60-74 years): [(HR 1.15; 95% CI: 0.61-2.15) versus (HR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.40-1.76)], respectively.


CONCLUSION
The history of urinary stones was shown to be not associated with the risk of CVD among Japanese adults.
['Arafa|Ahmed|A|', 'Eshak|Ehab S|ES|', 'Iso|Hiroyasu|H|', 'Shirai|Kokoro|K|', 'Muraki|Isao|I|', 'Sawada|Norie|N|', 'Tsugane|Shoichiro|S|', '|||']
D000368:Aged D003327:Coronary Disease D005260:Female D005500:Follow-Up Studies D006801:Humans D015994:Incidence D007564:Japan D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D016016:Proportional Hazards Models D011446:Prospective Studies D012044:Regression Analysis D012306:Risk D012307:Risk Factors D020521:Stroke D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D016896:Treatment Outcome D014545:Urinary Calculi
Urinary stones Coronary heart disease Stroke Cardiovascular diseases Cohort study