Real-world Outcomes of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Immediately After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma.
BACKGROUND/AIM
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated a survival benefit for patients with cancer. However, the clinical outcomes of subsequent tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) after ICI failure in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remain unclear.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively examined 38 patients with mRCC who started TKIs immediately after nivolumab with (combination group) or without ipilimumab (nivolumab group) between September 2016 and July 2019.


RESULTS
Of the 38 patients, 16 and 11 achieved partial response and stable disease, respectively, resulting in a 42.1% objective response rate and 71.1% disease control rate. The median progression-free survival (PFS) from TKI initiation was 8.8 and 12.9 months in the nivolumab and combination groups, respectively. PFS and overall survival were significantly longer in patients with long-term responses to previous ICI treatment (p=0.0152 and p=0.0155, respectively).


CONCLUSION
TKIs demonstrate adequate anti-tumour activity after treatment with ICIs in real-world settings.
['Kato|Taigo|T|', 'Nagahara|Akira|A|', 'Kawamura|Norihiko|N|', 'Nakata|Wataru|W|', 'Soda|Tetsuji|T|', 'Matsuzaki|Kyosuke|K|', 'Hatano|Koji|K|', 'Kawashima|Atsunari|A|', 'Ujike|Takeshi|T|', 'Imamura|Ryoichi|R|', 'Nishimura|Kensaku|K|', 'Takada|Shingo|S|', 'Tsujihata|Masao|M|', 'Yamaguchi|Seiji|S|', 'Takao|Tetsuya|T|', 'Nakai|Yasutomo|Y|', 'Nakayama|Masashi|M|', 'Nonomura|Norio|N|', 'Uemura|Motohide|M|']
D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D005260:Female D006801:Humans D000082082:Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors D000074324:Ipilimumab D007680:Kidney Neoplasms D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D000077594:Nivolumab D000077982:Progression-Free Survival D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors D012189:Retrospective Studies D013997:Time Factors D016896:Treatment Outcome
tyrosine kinase inhibitor immune checkpoint inhibitor Renal cell carcinoma nivolumab ipilimumab