Absorption and Bioavailability of Nano-Size Reduced Calcium Citrate Fortified Milk Powder in Ovariectomized and Ovariectomized-Osteoporosis Rats.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fortification and nano-size reduction on calcium absorption and bioavailability of milk powder formula in sham, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized-osteoporosis rats as a menopause and menopause-osteoporosis model. Skim milk powder and skim milk powder fortified with calcium citrate and the suitable doses of inulin, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamins D3, K1, and B6 were formulated based on the North American and Western European recommended dietary allowances. Optimization on cycle and pressure of high-pressure homogenizer was done to produce nano-fortified milk powder. In vivo study demonstrated that fortification and calcium citrate nano-fortified milk powder increased absorption and bioavailability of calcium, as well as bone stiffness and bone strength in sham, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized-osteoporosis rats. This study successfully developed an effective fortified milk powder for food application.
['Erfanian|Arezoo|A|', 'Mirhosseini|Hamed|H|', 'Rasti|Babak|B|', 'Hair-Bejo|Mohd|M|', 'Bin Mustafa|Shuhaimi|S|', 'Abd Manap|Mohd Yazid|MY|']
D000818:Animals D001682:Biological Availability D015519:Bone Density D019355:Calcium Citrate D002762:Cholecalciferol D019587:Dietary Supplements D005260:Female D005527:Food, Fortified D006801:Humans D008892:Milk D010024:Osteoporosis D010052:Ovariectomy D011208:Powders D051381:Rats
fortified milk calcium absorption menopause in vivo study calcium bioavailability nanoparticle osteoporosis