Nitric oxide determines the development of actinomycetoma by Nocardia brasiliensis in eNOS knockout C57BL/6 mice.
Mycetoma is a chronic human infectious disease that produces severe deformation frequently in the lower extremities. Etiological agents include fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma) that produce similar clinical and microscopic changes. The clinical appearance includes swelling, abscesses, ulcers, scars and sinuses that drain purulent material with microbe microcolonies. The pathogenesis of actinomycetoma has been studied mainly in rodents. Using this approach, it was found that Nocardia brasiliensis produces proteases that may play a role in tissue damage, as well as immunosuppressive molecules, such as brasilicardin A. Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule with biological activities depending on its local concentration. Its effect on killing intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been known for decades. NO plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. It can promote or suppress some biological activities despite its short half-ife. NO is produced by three different nitric oxide synthases (NOS). We used the genetic blockade of eNOS in C57BL/6 mice to demonstrate the role of NO in actinomycetoma development. Inflammation and actinomycetoma were prevented in genetically modified mice infected with N. brasiliensis. T cell proliferation was increased in these rodents, and antibody production, IL-6 and IL-10 expression were similar and TNF-α was lower.
['Vazquez-Marmolejo|Anna V|AV|', 'Lopez-Lopez|Nallely|N|', 'Ascacio-Martinez|Jorge A|JA|', 'Valadez-Calderon|Jose G|JG|', 'Espinoza-Martinez|Pablo E|PE|', 'Salinas-Carmona|Mario C|MC|0000-0002-2181-9950']
D000818:Animals D016207:Cytokines D005260:Female D008213:Lymphocyte Activation D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D018345:Mice, Knockout D008271:Mycetoma D009569:Nitric Oxide D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III D009615:Nocardia D013601:T-Lymphocytes
nitric oxide actinomycetoma Nocardia brasiliensis eNOS inflammation knockout mice