Smoking worsens multiple sclerosis prognosis: two different pathways are involved.
Smoking worsens multiple sclerosis (MS) prognosis. Our study provides evidence that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is reduced in MS patients who smoke, leading to increased production of IL-6 and IL-13. Additionally, both degree of expression and renin-angiotensin system activity levels were increased in MS patients who smoked, inducing increase in IL-17 and IL-22-producing cell numbers as well as significantly greater production of CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL10 chemokines by monocytes. Finally, both pathways contributed to a significant decrease in the number of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in MS patients who smoked. Both pathways could be responsible for the association between smoking and MS risk.
['Correale|Jorge|J|', 'Farez|Mauricio F|MF|']
D000328:Adult D015331:Cohort Studies D005260:Female D006801:Humans D018836:Inflammation Mediators D008297:Male D009103:Multiple Sclerosis D011379:Prognosis D012907:Smoking D055815:Young Adult
Smoking Multiple sclerosis Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase Renin–angiotensin-system