Influences of musk administration on the doping test.
Musk is widely used as a traditional drug in Asia for the treatment of stroke, tumour, and cardiopathy with an oral dosage of 0.03-0.1 g per day. Because of the potential anabolic effect, musk preparations have been included in the list of medical products containing prohibited substances employed for doping. The application of musk pod formulation was regarded as the reason of some adverse analytical findings in the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. In order to investigate the influence of musk administration on the doping test, we executed a chemical analysis and excretion study. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis demonstrated the diversity of steroid concentrations in musk samples. Furthermore, the δ(13)C-values of steroids from wild deer musk showed more depleted than those of domestic deer musk by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) analysis. Because the steroids from some musk had δ(13)C-values in the range of naturally produced steroids in human body, the possible abuse of this kind of musk is very hard to be detected by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in doping control. Musk grains from wild and domestic deer were administrated for the excretion study respectively. Spot urine samples were collected from two male volunteers before and after 100 mg musk grains administration. The profiles and carbon isotope ratios of urinary steroids were determined by GC-MS and GC/C/IRMS. The ingestion of either wild or domestic deer musk did not lead to the adverse analytical finding of doping control in the single dosage of 100mg.
['He|Yi|Y|', 'Wang|Jingzhu|J|', 'Liu|Xin|X|', 'Xu|Youxuan|Y|', 'He|Zhenwen|Z|']
D000328:Adult D045930:Anabolic Agents D000818:Animals D002247:Carbon Isotopes D003670:Deer D004300:Doping in Sports D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008519:Medicine, Traditional D013256:Steroids D055815:Young Adult
Musk An gas chromatography/mass spectrometry gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry GC/C/IRMS Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) Doping control 4-AD 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol 5α-diol 5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol 5β-diol Chol DHEA E EI ERC EpiA Etio GC–MS HPLC LC-MS/MS LLOD LLOQ MT PD Steroid profile T T/E TCM WADA androst-4-ene-3,17-dione androsterone cholesterol dehydroepiandrosterone electron impact endogenous reference compound epiandrosterone epitestosterone etiocholanolone high-performance liquid chromatography liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry lower limits of detection lower limits of quantification methyltestosterone testosterone testosterone/epitestosterone traditional chinese medicine world anti-doping agency