Cigarette smoking impairs clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies: A meta-analysis of the literature.
There is convincing evidence that cigarette smoking can impair female reproductive potential. This meta-analysis updates the knowledge regarding the effects of cigarette smoking on clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Twenty-six studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and statistical heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated with Higgins (I2), Breslow (τ2), Birge's ratio (H2) indices and Chi-square test (χ2). A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The analysis showed a significant decrease in live birth rate per cycle for smoking patients (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.79; P = 0.0005), a significant lower clinical pregnancy rate per cycle for smoking women (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.41-0.68; P < 0.0001), and a significant increase in terms of spontaneous miscarriage rate (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.10-4.48; P = 0.025) for smokers. These findings demonstrate clear negative effects of cigarette smoking on the outcome of ART programs.
['Budani|Maria Cristina|MC|', 'Fensore|Stefania|S|', 'Di Marzio|Marco|M|', 'Tiboni|Gian Mario|GM|']
D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous D000073865:Cigarette Smoking D005260:Female D006801:Humans D011247:Pregnancy D011256:Pregnancy Outcome D018873:Pregnancy Rate D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted D016896:Treatment Outcome
Cigarette smoking Meta-Analysis Assisted reproductive technology outcomes In vitro fertilization Infertility Key words