Systemic Determinants in Surgery: Nonclinical Factors Affecting Time to Operation for Incarcerated Ventral Hernias.
INTRODUCTION
We explore nonclinical factors affecting the amount of time from admission to the operating room for patients requiring nonelective repair of ventral hernias.


METHODS
Using the 2005-2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified adult patients with a primary diagnosis of ventral hernia without obstruction/gangrene, who underwent nonelective repair. The outcome variable of interest was time from admission to surgery. We performed univariate and multivariable analyses using negative binomial regression, adjusting for age, sex, race, income, insurance, admission day, comorbidity status (van Walraven score), diagnosis, procedure, hospital size, location/teaching status, and region.


RESULTS
7,253 patients met criteria, of which majority were women (n = 4,615) and white (n = 5,394). The majority of patients had private insurance (n = 3,015) followed by Medicare (n = 2,737). Median time to operation was 0 days. Univariate analysis comparing operation <1 day to ≥1 day identified significant differences in race, day of admission, insurance, length of stay, comorbidity status, hospital location, type, and size. Negative binomial regression showed that weekday admission (IRR 4.42, P < .0001), private insurance (IRR 1.53-2.66, P < .0001), rural location (IRR 1.39-1.76, P < .01), small hospital size (IRR 1.26-1.36, P < .05), white race (IRR 1.30-1.34, P < .01), healthier patients (van Walraven score IRR 1.05, P < .0001), and use of mesh (IRR 0.39-0.56, P < .02) were associated with shorter time until procedure.


CONCLUSION
Shorter time from admission to the operating room was associated with several nonclinical factors, which suggest disparities may exist. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate these disparities affecting patient care.
['Wang|David E|DE|', 'Chung|Paul J|PJ|', 'Barrera|Rafael|R|', 'Coppa|Gene F|GF|', 'Alfonso|Antonio E|AE|', 'Sugiyama|Gainosuke|G|']
hernia acute care surgery general surgery socioeconomic