Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Screening and Diagnosis.
An ideal screening test for gestational diabetes should be capable of identifying not only women with the disease but also the women with a high risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Screening and diagnosis are the main steps leading to the way of management. There is a lack of consensus among healthcare professionals regarding the screening methods worldwide. Different study groups advocate a variety of screening methods with the support of evidence-based comprehensive data. Some of the organizations suggest screening for high risk or all pregnant women, while others prefer to offer definitive testing without screening. Glycemic thresholds are also not standardized to decide GDM among different guidelines. Prevalence rates of GDM vary between populations and with the choice of glucose thresholds for both screening and definitive tests. One-step or two-step methods have been used for GDM diagnosis. However, screening includes selecting patients with historical risk factors, 50 g 1-h glucose challenge test, fasting plasma glucose, random plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c with different cutoffs. In this chapter, screening and diagnosis methods of GDM accepted by different study groups will be discussed which will be followed by the evaluation of different glycemic thresholds. Then the advantages and disadvantages of used methods will be explained and the chapter will finish with an evaluation of the current international guidelines.
['Sert|U Yasemin|UY|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0862-4793', 'Ozgu-Erdinc|A Seval|AS|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6132-5779']
D001786:Blood Glucose D016640:Diabetes, Gestational D005260:Female D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test D006801:Humans D008403:Mass Screening D011247:Pregnancy
Gestational diabetes mellitus Screening Diagnosis Fasting plasma glucose Random plasma glucose Hemoglobin A1c 100-g Oral glucose tolerance test 50-g glucose challenge test 75-g Oral glucose tolerance test Postprandial glucose