Annual research review: Infant development, autism, and ADHD--early pathways to emerging disorders.
BACKGROUND
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with a high degree of co-occurrence.


METHODS
Prospective longitudinal studies of infants who later meet criteria for ASD or ADHD offer the opportunity to determine whether the two disorders share developmental pathways.


RESULTS
Prospective studies of younger siblings of children with autism have revealed a range of infant behavioral and neural markers associated with later diagnosis of ASD. Research on infants with later ADHD is less developed, but emerging evidence reveals a number of relations between infant measures and later symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity.


CONCLUSIONS
We review this literature, highlighting points of convergence and divergence in the early pathways to ASD and ADHD.
['Johnson|Mark H|MH|', 'Gliga|Teodora|T|', 'Jones|Emily|E|', 'Charman|Tony|T|']
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity D001321:Autistic Disorder D001921:Brain D002657:Child Development D002658:Developmental Disabilities D006801:Humans D007223:Infant D008137:Longitudinal Studies D011446:Prospective Studies D012307:Risk Factors
autism spectrum disorders ADHD Neurodevelopmental disorder developmental pathways prediction, risk factors