Enteric viruses evoke broad host immune responses resembling those elicited by the bacterial microbiome.
The contributions of the viral component of the microbiome-the virome-to the development of innate and adaptive immunity are largely unknown. Here, we systematically defined the host response in mice to a panel of eukaryotic enteric viruses representing six different families. Infections with most of these viruses were asymptomatic in the mice, the magnitude and duration of which was dependent on the microbiota. Flow cytometric and transcriptional profiling of mice mono-associated with these viruses unveiled general adaptations by the host, such as lymphocyte differentiation and IL-22 signatures in the intestine, as well as numerous viral-strain-specific responses that persisted. Comparison with a dataset derived from analogous bacterial mono-association in mice identified bacterial species that evoke an immune response comparable with the viruses we examined. These results expand an understanding of the immune space occupied by the enteric virome and underscore the importance of viral exposure events.
['Dallari|Simone|S|', 'Heaney|Thomas|T|', 'Rosas-Villegas|Adriana|A|', 'Neil|Jessica A|JA|', 'Wong|Serre-Yu|SY|', 'Brown|Judy J|JJ|', 'Urbanek|Kelly|K|', 'Herrmann|Christin|C|', 'Depledge|Daniel P|DP|', 'Dermody|Terence S|TS|', 'Cadwell|Ken|K|']
D000818:Animals D058345:Asymptomatic Infections D001419:Bacteria D016207:Cytokines D004769:Enterovirus Infections D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial D005856:Germ-Free Life D000076662:Host Microbial Interactions D007109:Immunity D007422:Intestines D051379:Mice D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D013559:Symbiosis D013601:T-Lymphocytes D059467:Transcriptome D000083422:Virome D014780:Viruses
enteric virome virome host-virome relationship regulation of the enteric immune system virus