Fabrication of fluorescent labeled ginseng polysaccharide nanoparticles for bioimaging and their immunomodulatory activity on macrophage cell lines.
Polysaccharides are a major active component of American ginseng root showing various biological activities including anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging, immunostimulatory and antioxidant effects. Although their biological activity has been reported by several groups, no research has explored their cellular uptake and biodistribution, owing to the lack of suitable detection techniques in living cells. This work examines a novel, simple and efficient fluorescent labeling procedure of ginseng polysaccharides (PS), in order to examine their cellular distribution using confocal microscopy. This procedure utilized a one-pot strategy with fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide (FTSC) to introduce a thiosemicarbazide group onto the aldehyde group at the reducing saccharide end to form a stable amino derivative through reductive amination. This polysaccharide-FTSC derivative was then characterized by GPC, UV, FTIR, photoluminescence and fluorescence microscopy to confirm attachment and any structural changes. The results demonstrated that the labeled ginseng PS nanostructure showed high fluorescence with minimal changes in PS molecular weight. The labeled PS exhibited almost no cytotoxicity effect against tumor induced macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7) while retaining high immunostimulating activity similar to the non-labeled ginseng PS. Therefore, the developed approach provides a convenient and highly efficient fluorescent labeling procedure for understanding the mechanism of ginseng PS uptake in macrophage cell lines.
['Akhter|Kazi Farida|KF|', 'Mumin|Md Abdul|MA|', 'Lui|Edmund M K|EMK|', 'Charpentier|Paul A|PA|']
D000818:Animals D002470:Cell Survival D016207:Cytokines D005456:Fluorescent Dyes D007155:Immunologic Factors D008264:Macrophages D051379:Mice D057054:Molecular Imaging D053758:Nanoparticles D009569:Nitric Oxide D005894:Panax D010936:Plant Extracts D011134:Polysaccharides D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared D013194:Staining and Labeling
Ginseng polysaccharide Confocal microscopy Fluorescent dye Immunostimulating effect