The Complexity of Mitochondrial Complex IV: An Update of Cytochrome c Oxidase Biogenesis in Plants.
Mitochondrial respiration is an energy producing process that involves the coordinated action of several protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane to finally produce ATP. Complex IV or Cytochrome c Oxidase (COX) is the last electron acceptor of the respiratory chain, involved in the reduction of O₂ to H₂O. COX is a multimeric complex formed by multiple structural subunits encoded in two different genomes, prosthetic groups (heme a and heme a₃), and metallic centers (CuA and CuB). Tens of accessory proteins are required for mitochondrial RNA processing, synthesis and delivery of prosthetic groups and metallic centers, and for the final assembly of subunits to build a functional complex. In this review, we perform a comparative analysis of COX composition and biogenesis factors in yeast, mammals and plants. We also describe possible external and internal factors controlling the expression of structural proteins and assembly factors at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, and the effect of deficiencies in different steps of COX biogenesis to infer the role of COX in different aspects of plant development. We conclude that COX assembly in plants has conserved and specific features, probably due to the incorporation of a different set of subunits during evolution.
['Mansilla|Natanael|N|', 'Racca|Sofia|S|', 'Gras|Diana E|DE|', 'Gonzalez|Daniel H|DH|', 'Welchen|Elina|E|0000-0001-7470-9635']
D000818:Animals D020134:Catalytic Domain D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV D004734:Energy Metabolism D004789:Enzyme Activation D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant D006801:Humans D008322:Mammals D008928:Mitochondria D009154:Mutation D063245:Plant Development D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena D010944:Plants D021122:Protein Subunits D015003:Yeasts
biogenesis COX OXPHOS mETC plant growth