Differences in incidence of diabetic retinopathy between type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: a nine-year follow-up study.
BACKGROUND/AIMS
To determine the incidence of any diabetic retinopathy (any-DR), sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and their risk factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) over a screening programme.


METHODS
Nine-year follow-up, prospective population-based study of 366 patients with T1DM and 15 030 with T2DM. Epidemiological risk factors were as follows: current age, age at DM diagnosis, sex, type of DM, duration of DM, arterial hypertension, levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR).


RESULTS
Sum incidence of any-DR was 47.26% with annual incidence 15.16±2.19% in T1DM, and 26.49% with annual incidence 8.13% in T2DM. Sum incidence of STDR was 18.03% with annual incidence 5.77±1.21% in T1DM, and 7.59% with annual incidence 2.64±0.15% in T2DM. Sum incidence of DMO was 8.46% with annual incidence 2.68±038% in patients with T1DM and 6.36% with annual incidence 2.19±0.18% in T2DM. Cox's survival analysis showed that current age and age at diagnosis were risk factors at p<0.001, as high HbA1c levels at p<0.001, LDL cholesterol was significant at p<0.001, eGFR was significant at p<0.001 and UACR at p=0.017.


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of any-DR and STDR was higher in patients with T1DM than those with T2DM. Also, the 47.26% sum incidence of any-DR in patients with T1DM was higher than in a previous study (35.9%), which can be linked to poor metabolic control of DM. Our results suggest that physicians should be encouraged to pay greater attention to treatment protocols for T1DM in patients.
['Romero-Aroca|Pedro|P|0000-0002-7061-8987', 'Navarro-Gil|Raul|R|', 'Valls-Mateu|Aida|A|', 'Sagarra-Alamo|Ramon|R|', 'Moreno-Ribas|Antonio|A|', 'Soler|Nuria|N|']
D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy D005260:Female D005500:Follow-Up Studies D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin A D006801:Humans D015994:Incidence D008269:Macular Edema D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D015999:Multivariate Analysis D011446:Prospective Studies D012307:Risk Factors
Epidemiology Retina Telemedicine