Adverse events associated with weekly short course isoniazid and rifapentine therapy in pediatric patients with latent tuberculosis: A chart and literature review.
BACKGROUND
Effective yet safe treatment of latent tuberculosis is important for preventing the spread of tuberculosis and the progression to active disease in pediatric patients. As of 2017, the short course combination regimen of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) administered by directly observed therapy (DOT) has replaced 9 months of isoniazid as the standard of treatment for latent tuberculosis in pediatric patients. The literature, limited in size, has established the 3HP regimen's superior safety and adherence.


METHODS
We completed a retrospective chart review (n = 22) of pediatric patients at our institution receiving the 3HP regimen via DOT between 2017 and 2019. Frequencies of selected outcomes were compared to previously published data collected in a literature review.


RESULTS
In this retrospective chart review, pediatric patients ages 2-20 years receiving 3HP with DOT for latent tuberculosis experienced frequent adverse events, more severe adverse events such as anaphylaxis, and higher treatment discontinuation than that which has been previously reported in the literature. Of note, our cohort's race/ethnicity differed from the cohorts described in the literature.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggests that the short course combination regimen for pediatric latent tuberculosis patients may have a higher adverse event rate than previously established. Although this sample size is small, this study urges further investigation of more diverse cohorts to better establish the 3HP regimen's safety and tolerability.
['Peck|Gabrielle M|GM|0000-0002-1564-1850', 'Staat|Mary Allen|MA|', 'Huang|Felicia Scaggs|FS|', 'Khalil|Nadim|N|', 'Boyce|Catherine|C|', 'Kohlrieser|Cara M|CM|', 'Schlaudecker|Elizabeth P|EP|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000995:Antitubercular Agents D002648:Child D002675:Child, Preschool D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination D006801:Humans D007538:Isoniazid D055985:Latent Tuberculosis D012189:Retrospective Studies D012293:Rifampin D055815:Young Adult
therapy 3HP directly observed therapy antitubercular agents drug therapy