Genomic Analysis of Plasmodium vivax in Southern Ethiopia Reveals Selective Pressures in Multiple Parasite Mechanisms.
The Horn of Africa harbors the largest reservoir of Plasmodium vivax in the continent. Most of sub-Saharan Africa has remained relatively vivax-free due to a high prevalence of the human Duffy-negative trait, but the emergence of strains able to invade Duffy-negative reticulocytes poses a major public health threat. We undertook the first population genomic investigation of P. vivax from the region, comparing the genomes of 24 Ethiopian isolates against data from Southeast Asia to identify important local adaptions. The prevalence of the Duffy binding protein amplification in Ethiopia was 79%, potentially reflecting adaptation to Duffy negativity. There was also evidence of selection in a region upstream of the chloroquine resistance transporter, a putative chloroquine-resistance determinant. Strong signals of selection were observed in genes involved in immune evasion and regulation of gene expression, highlighting the need for a multifaceted intervention approach to combat P. vivax in the region.
['Auburn|Sarah|S|', 'Getachew|Sisay|S|', 'Pearson|Richard D|RD|', 'Amato|Roberto|R|', 'Miotto|Olivo|O|', 'Trimarsanto|Hidayat|H|', 'Zhu|Sha Joe|SJ|', 'Rumaseb|Angela|A|', 'Marfurt|Jutta|J|', 'Noviyanti|Rintis|R|', 'Grigg|Matthew J|MJ|', 'Barber|Bridget|B|', 'William|Timothy|T|', 'Goncalves|Sonia Morgado|SM|', 'Drury|Eleanor|E|', 'Sriprawat|Kanlaya|K|', 'Anstey|Nicholas M|NM|', 'Nosten|Francois|F|', 'Petros|Beyene|B|', 'Aseffa|Abraham|A|', 'McVean|Gil|G|', 'Kwiatkowski|Dominic P|DP|', 'Price|Ric N|RN|']
D000220:Adaptation, Biological D000293:Adolescent D000818:Animals D002648:Child D002675:Child, Preschool D005002:Ethiopia D005260:Female D005838:Genotype D006801:Humans D007223:Infant D007231:Infant, Newborn D016780:Malaria, Vivax D008297:Male D010966:Plasmodium vivax D015995:Prevalence D012641:Selection, Genetic
genomics Plasmodium vivax Ethiopia Duffy malaria