The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sulforaphane in Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-associated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system and results in serious disability. Although many disease-modifying therapy drugs have been developed, these drugs have shown limited clinical efficacy and some adverse effects in previous studies, therefore, there has been reasonable need for less harmful and cost-effective therapeutics. Herein, we tested the anti-inflammatory effect of sulforaphane (SFN) in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).


METHODS
The EAE mice were randomly assigned into two experimental groups: the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated EAE group and SFN-treated EAE group. After EAE mice induction by auto-immunization against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide, we evaluated EAE symptom scores and biochemical analyses such as infiltration of inflammatory cells and demyelination of the spinal cord. Furthermore, western blotting was performed using the spinal cords of EAE mice.


RESULTS
In the behavioral study, the SFN-treated EAE mice showed favorable clinical scores compared with PBS-treated EAE mice at the 13th day (1.30 ± 0.15 vs. 1.90 ± 0.18; P = 0.043) and 14th day (1.80 ± 0.13 vs. 2.75 ± 0.17; P = 0.003). Additionally, the biochemical studies revealed that SFN treatment inhibited the inflammatory infiltration, demyelinating injury of the spinal cords, and the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the EAE mice.


CONCLUSION
The SFN treatment showed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in the EAE mice. Conclusively, this study suggests that SFN has neuroprotective effects via anti-inflammatory processing, so it could be a new therapeutic or nutritional supplement for MS.
['Yoo|Il Han|IH|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-1617', 'Kim|Myung Jin|MJ|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9199-1724', 'Kim|Jiyoung|J|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-3320', 'Sung|Jung Joon|JJ|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-5313', 'Park|Sung Taek|ST|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-4532', 'Ahn|Suk Won|SW|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5258-3469']
D000818:Animals D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents D001522:Behavior, Animal D002584:Cervix Uteri D018450:Disease Progression D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental D005260:Female D017879:Isothiocyanates D051379:Mice D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II D013116:Spinal Cord D013454:Sulfoxides D015854:Up-Regulation
Sulforaphane Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Multiple Sclerosis Neuromyelitis Optica Phytochemical