Allodemic distribution of plasmids co-harbouring blaCTX-M-15/aac(6')-Ib-cr/qnrB in Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main source of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Uruguay's paediatric hospital.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to describe the characteristics of clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria (EPE) in Uruguay's paediatric hospital.


METHODS
ESBLs, qnr alleles and aac(6')-Ib-cr were sought and characterised in EPE isolated between March 2010 and March 2012. Transfer of resistance determinants was assessed by conjugation. Incompatibility (Inc) groups, plasmid toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS) and plasmid size were determined in transconjugants. Clonality was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Multilocus sequence typing was done for ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.


RESULTS
A total of 77 EPE isolates were characterised, comprising 43% K. pneumoniae, 19.5% Serratia marcescens, 19.5% Escherichia coli, 17% Enterobacter cloacae and 1% Klebsiella oxytoca. ESBLs belonged mainly to the blaCTX-M family (69.6%) [blaCTX-M-15 (45%) and blaCTX-M-2 (31%)]. The aac(6')-Ib-cr/qnrB duplex was the most frequently detected plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanism; this association was detected in K. pneumoniae harbouring blaCTX-M-15. Transconjugants were obtained for 71% of the EPE. Amongst transconjugants, certain combinations were found between ESBLs and Inc group, e.g. IncA/C-blaCTX-M-2, IncHI1/HI2-blaCTX-M-9 and IncHI1/HI2-blaSHV-12. In addition, the combination ccdAB-blaCTX-M-15 was also found. K. pneumoniae isolates harbouring blaCTX-M-15/aac(6')-Ib-cr/qnrB showed allodemic behaviour, with a predominance of ST14, ST45 and ST48.


CONCLUSIONS
In this study, epidemiological changes in ESBL distribution could be explained by the spread of K. pneumoniae harbouring blaCTX-M-15/aac(6')-Ib-cr/qnrB, encoded mainly on conjugative plasmids featuring ccdAB TAS. Since reports of TAS in K. pneumoniae plasmids are scarce, new strategies are needed to combat intrinsic selection pressure exerted by the association, in conjugative plasmids, of resistance mechanisms with TAS.
['Garcia-Fulgueiras|V|V|', 'Araujo|L|L|', 'Bado|I|I|', 'Cordeiro|N F|NF|', 'Mota|M I|MI|', 'Laguna|G|G|', 'Algorta|G|G|', 'Vignoli|R|R|']
D000123:Acetyltransferases D001426:Bacterial Proteins D003227:Conjugation, Genetic D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric D006801:Humans D007710:Klebsiella Infections D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing D010957:Plasmids D000075704:Toxin-Antitoxin Systems D014583:Uruguay D001618:beta-Lactamases
Paediatrics Enterobacteria Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance PMQR Toxin–antitoxin system bla(CTX-M-15)