Altered long- and short-range functional connectivity density associated with poor sleep quality in patients with chronic insomnia disorder: A resting-state fMRI study.
INTRODUCTION
Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested that brain functional impairment and hyperarousal occur during the daytime among patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID); however, alterations to the brain's intrinsic functional architecture and their association with sleep quality have not yet been documented.


METHODS
In this study, our aim was to investigate the insomnia-related alterations to the intrinsic connectome in patients with CID (n = 27) at resting state, with a data-driven approach based on graph theory assessment and functional connectivity density (FCD), which can be interpreted as short-range (intraregional) or long-range (interregional) mapping.


RESULTS
Compared with healthy controls with good sleep, CID patients showed significantly decreased long-range FCD in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and the putamen. These patients also showed decreased short-range FCD in their multimodal-processing regions, executive control network, and supplementary motor-related areas. Furthermore, several regions showed increased short-range FCD in patients with CID, implying hyper-homogeneity of local activity.


CONCLUSIONS
Together, these findings suggest that insufficient sleep during chronic insomnia widely affects cortical functional activities, including disrupted FCD and increased short-range FCD, which is associated with poor sleep quality.
['Zhou|Fuqing|F|0000-0002-0890-910X', 'Zhu|Yanyan|Y|', 'Zhu|Yujun|Y|', 'Huang|Muhua|M|', 'Jiang|Jian|J|', 'He|Laichang|L|', 'Huang|Suhua|S|', 'Zeng|Xianjun|X|', 'Gong|Honghan|H|']
D001921:Brain D001931:Brain Mapping D006801:Humans D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging D009434:Neural Pathways D012146:Rest D012890:Sleep D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
functional connectivity density sleep quality chronic insomnia disorder esting-state fMRI