Evaluation of three-dimensional porous chitosan-alginate scaffolds in rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration applications.
This study investigated the use of three-dimensional porous chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffolds for critical size calvarial defect (diameter, 5.0 mm) repair in Sprague-Dawley rats. CA scaffolds have been used for in vitro culture of many cell types and demonstrated osteogenesis in ectopic locations in vivo, but have yet to be evaluated for functional bone tissue engineering applications. CA scaffolds demonstrated the ability to support undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in culture for 14 days in vitro and promoted spherical morphology. In vivo tests were performed using CA scaffolds and CA scaffolds with treatments including undifferentiated MSCs, bone marrow aspirate, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) growth factor in comparison to unfilled bone defect used as a control. The samples were analyzed with MicroCT, histology, and immunohistochemical staining at 4 and 16 weeks. Partial defect closure was observed in all experimental groups at 16 weeks, with the greatest defect closure (71.56 ± 19.74%) in the animal group treated with CA scaffolds with BMP-2 (CA + BMP-2). The experimental samples demonstrated osteogenesis in histology and immunohistochemical staining, with the CA + BMP-2 group, showing the greatest level of osteogenesis. Tissue engineered CA scaffolds show promise in reconstruction of critical size bone defects.
['Florczyk|Stephen J|SJ|', 'Leung|Matthew|M|', 'Li|Zhensheng|Z|', 'Huang|Jerry I|JI|', 'Hopper|Richard A|RA|', 'Zhang|Miqin|M|']
D000464:Alginates D000818:Animals D001861:Bone Regeneration D002478:Cells, Cultured D048271:Chitosan D020723:Glucuronic Acid D006603:Hexuronic Acids D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells D015675:Osteocalcin D053495:Osteopontin D019919:Prosthesis Implantation D051381:Rats D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley D012886:Skull D054457:Tissue Scaffolds D014945:Wound Healing D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
calvarial defect bone tissue engineering alginate chitosan cranial defect