Interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNL1R) transcript is highly expressed in rhinovirus bronchiolitis and correlates with disease severity.
BACKGROUND
As the expression of type III IFN receptor is restricted to the mucosal surfaces, its evaluation could be crucial to characterize the role of IFNλs during bronchiolitis.


OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to investigate airway type III IFN receptor (IFNLR1/IL10RB) expression during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or human rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis.


STUDY DESIGN
Seventy-one 1-6 month old infants hospitalized with their first episode of acute RSV or HRV bronchiolitis were selected for this study. Expression of IFNLR1, IL10RB and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) MxA and ISG56 in cells of nasopharyngeal washings taken within the first 48 h of admission were determined by a real-time hydrolysis probe RT-PCR assay. The ability of types I and III IFNs to induce the expression of both IFNLR1 and IL10RB in vitro was also evaluated.


RESULTS
Airway IFNLR1 transcript levels were significantly higher in HRV bronchiolitis infants compared to those with RSV bronchiolitis. No differences were recorded for IL10RB-mRNA between RSV or HRV infection. IFNLR1 mRNA levels increased significantly in infants infected with the C species of HRV and in those with a higher clinical score index and with an eosinophil count >3%. There were no correlations in vivo between type III IFN receptors and those of ISGs and neither IFNLR1 nor IL10RB were induced in vitro by IFNs.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that IFNLR1 are increased in HRV-infected infants with more severe bronchiolitis and blood eosinophilia and in those infected with the HRVC species.
['Pierangeli|Alessandra|A|', 'Statzu|Maura|M|', 'Nenna|Raffaella|R|', 'Santinelli|Letizia|L|', 'Petrarca|Laura|L|', 'Frassanito|Antonella|A|', 'Gentile|Massimo|M|', 'Antonelli|Guido|G|', 'Midulla|Fabio|F|', 'Scagnolari|Carolina|C|']
D001990:Bronchiolitis, Viral D004802:Eosinophilia D005260:Female D006760:Hospitalization D006801:Humans D007223:Infant D007231:Infant, Newborn D008297:Male D009305:Nasopharynx D010850:Picornaviridae Infections D012333:RNA, Messenger D018121:Receptors, Cytokine D017471:Receptors, Interferon D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human D012229:Rhinovirus D012720:Severity of Illness Index
Rhinovirus Bronchiolitis IFN RSV ISGs IFN lambda receptor