Effect of oral hygiene maintenance on HbA1c levels and peri-implant parameters around immediately-loaded dental implants placed in type-2 diabetic patients: 2 years follow-up.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present 2-year follow-up study was to assess the effect of oral hygiene maintenance on hemoglobin Alc (HbA1c) levels and peri-implant parameters around immediately-loaded dental implants placed in type-2 diabetic patients with varying glycemic levels.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ninety-one individuals were divided into three groups. In group 1, 30 systemically healthy individuals were included (HbA1c < 6%). Patients in group 2 and 3, comprised of 30 patients with T2DM (HbA1c 6.1-8%); and 31 patients with T2DM (HbA1c 8.1-10%) respectively. In all groups, patients received immediately loaded bone level implants. All participants were enrolled in a 6 monthly periodontal/peri-implant maintenance program. Peri-implant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured at 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up.


RESULTS
Mean preoperative HbA1c levels in patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 4.5%, 6.8%, and 8.7% respectively. In group-1, there was no significant difference in HbA1c levels at all follow-up durations. Among patients in groups 2 and 3, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c levels at 24-months follow-up than 6-months follow-up. At 6 months follow-up, BOP, PD, and MBL were significantly higher among patients in group-3 than group-1. At 12 and 24 months follow-up, there was no significant difference in BOP, PD, and MBL in all groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Oral hygiene maintenance reduces hyperglycemia and peri-implant inflammatory parameters around immediately loaded dental implants placed in type 2 diabetic patients.
['Al Amri|Mohammad D|MD|', 'Kellesarian|Sergio Varela|SV|', 'Al-Kheraif|Abdulaziz A|AA|', 'Malmstrom|Hans|H|', 'Javed|Fawad|F|', 'Romanos|Georgios E|GE|']
D015921:Dental Implants D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 D005500:Follow-Up Studies D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin A D006801:Humans D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D009910:Oral Hygiene D010512:Periodontal Index
oral hygiene peri-implant immediately loaded implant type 2 diabetes mellitus