Factors associated with poor functional outcome in bipolar disorder: sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables.
OBJECTIVE
The current investigation aimed at studying the sociodemographic, clinical, and neuropsychological variables related to functional outcome in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder(BD) presenting moderate-severe levels of functional impairment.


METHODS
Two-hundred and thirty-nine participants with BD disorders and with Functioning Assessment Short Test(FAST) scores equal or above 18 were administered a clinical and diagnostic interview, and the administration of mood measure scales and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Analyses involved preliminary Pearson bivariate correlations to identify sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with the FAST total score. Regarding neuropsychological variables, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to group the variables in orthogonal factors. Finally, a hierarchical multiple regression was run.


RESULTS
The best fitting model for the variables associated with functioning was a linear combination of gender, age, estimated IQ, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), number of previous manic episodes, Factor 1 and Factor 2 extracted from the PCA. The model, including all these previous variables, explained up to 29.4% of the observed variance.


CONCLUSIONS
Male gender, older age, lower premorbid IQ, subdepressive symptoms, higher number of manic episodes, and lower performance in verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed were associated with lower functioning in patients with BD.
['Sanchez-Moreno|J|J|0000-0003-1520-093X', 'Bonnin|C M|CM|', 'González-Pinto|A|A|', 'Amann|B L|BL|', 'Solé|B|B|', 'Balanzá-Martinez|V|V|0000-0001-7772-7396', 'Arango|C|C|', 'Jiménez|E|E|', 'Tabarés-Seisdedos|R|R|', 'Garcia-Portilla|M P|MP|0000-0003-3643-1622', 'Ibáñez|A|A|', 'Crespo|J M|JM|', 'Ayuso-Mateos|J L|JL|', 'Martinez-Aran|A|A|0000-0002-0623-6263', 'Torrent|C|C|0000-0003-0335-582X', 'Vieta|E|E|0000-0002-0548-0053', '|||']
D000328:Adult D001714:Bipolar Disorder D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008570:Memory, Short-Term D008875:Middle Aged D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders D009483:Neuropsychological Tests D013030:Spain D013064:Speech Disorders
bipolar disorder neurocognition functional impairment depressive symptoms