Fermented Korean Red Ginseng Extract Enriched in Rd and Rg3 Protects against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Regulation of mTORC1.
The fermentation of Korean red ginseng (RG) increases the bioavailability and efficacy of RG, which has a protective role in various diseases. However, the ginsenoside-specific molecular mechanism of the fermented RG with Cordyceps militaris (CRG) has not been elucidated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A mouse model of NAFLD was induced by a fast-food diet (FFD) and treated with CRG (100 or 300 mg/kg) for the last 8 weeks. CRG-mediated signaling was assessed in the liver cells isolated from mice. CRG administration significantly reduced the FFD-induced steatosis, liver injury, and inflammation, indicating that CRG confers protective effects against NAFLD. Of note, an extract of CRG contains a significantly increased amount of ginsenosides (Rd and Rg3) after bioconversion compared with that of conventional RG. Moreover, in vitro treatment with Rd or Rg3 produced anti-steatotic effects in primary hepatocytes. Mechanistically, CRG protected palmitate-induced activation of mTORC1 and subsequent inhibition of mitophagy and PPARα signaling. Similar to that noted in hepatocytes, CRG exerted anti-inflammatory activity through mTORC1 inhibition-mediated M2 polarization. In conclusion, CRG inhibits lipid-mediated pathologic activation of mTORC1 in hepatocytes and macrophages, which in turn prevents NAFLD development. Thus, the administration of CRG may be an alternative for the prevention of NAFLD.
['Choi|Su-Yeon|SY|', 'Park|Jeong-Su|JS|', 'Shon|Chang-Ho|CH|', 'Lee|Chae-Young|CY|', 'Ryu|Jae-Myun|JM|', 'Son|Dong-Ju|DJ|', 'Hwang|Bang-Yeon|BY|', 'Yoo|Hwan-Soo|HS|', 'Cho|Young-Chang|YC|', 'Lee|Jin|J|', 'Kim|Jong-Won|JW|', 'Roh|Yoon-Seok|YS|']
D000818:Animals D004195:Disease Models, Animal D000074421:Fermented Foods D036145:Ginsenosides D008297:Male D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 D051379:Mice D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease D005894:Panax D010936:Plant Extracts D020011:Protective Agents
fermented Korean red ginseng mTORC1 NAFLD