Annular Indentation of the Ventricles in a Stillborn: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Idiopathic indentation of the cardiac ventricles in a fetus has not been previously reported. Reported cases of congenital ventricle indentation are either caused by pericardial abnormalities or myocardial defects. Case report: We describe an incidental finding of annular indentation of the lower part of both ventricles in a stillborn male. The fetus was well-developed and the cause of stillborn was pronounced cord entanglement twice around the neck. Conclusion: Circumferential indentation of ventricles is distinguished from constrictive pericarditis and other myocardial defects as histologically the three layers of endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium are intact.
['Rastegar|Shima|S|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1989-6305', 'Akmal|Amer|A|', 'Heller|Debra S|DS|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-4642']
indentation of the ventricles annular constriction of the myocardium congenital cardiac malformation fetal heart anomalies incidental cardiac finding