Antiarthritic and chondroprotective activity of Lakshadi Guggul in novel alginate-enclosed chitosan calcium phosphate nanocarriers.
AIM
This study aimed to evaluate the antiarthritic and chondroprotective potentials of Lakshadi Guggul (LG) and Cissus quadrangularis encapsulated in novel alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate nanocarriers (NCs) both in vitro in primary human chondrocytes and in vivo in mice with collagen-induced arthritis.


MATERIALS & METHODS
Chondrocytes exposed to IL-1β and osteoarthritis chondrocytes grown in an ex vivo inflammation-based coculture were incubated with different concentrations of herbals, and cell modulatory activities were determined. For in vivo studies, herbals and their encapsulated nanoformulations were administered orally to DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis.


RESULTS
C. quadrangularis and LG showed enhanced chondroprotective and proliferative activity in IL-1β-exposed primary chondrocytes, with LG showing the highest therapeutic potency. LG increased viability, proliferative and mitogenic activity, and inhibited cell apoptosis and mitochondrial depolarization. In vivo studies with LG and alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate LG NCs revealed cartilage regenerative activity in those administered with the nanoformulation. The NCs were nontoxic to mice, reduced joint swelling and paw volume, and inhibited gene expression of MMPs and cytokines.


CONCLUSION
The promising results from this study reveal, for the first time, the novel polymeric NC encapsulating LG as a potential therapeutic for rheumatic diseases.
['Samarasinghe|Rasika M|RM|', 'Kanwar|Rupinder K|RK|', 'Kumar|Kuldeep|K|', 'Kanwar|Jagat R|JR|']
D000464:Alginates D000818:Animals D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents D001169:Arthritis, Experimental D002130:Calcium Phosphates D002460:Cell Line D048271:Chitosan D019902:Chondrocytes D029744:Commiphora D004337:Drug Carriers D020723:Glucuronic Acid D006603:Hexuronic Acids D006801:Humans D053583:Interleukin-1beta D008297:Male D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA D049329:Nanostructures D010936:Plant Extracts D053149:Plant Gums
antiarthritic Lakshadi Guggul chitosan nanocarrier Cissus quadrangularis collagen-induced arthritis osteoarthritis alginate anti-inflammatory oral delivery