Trifluoperazine as an alternative strategy for the inhibition of tumor growth of colorectal cancer.
The development of cancer in patients with schizophrenia is affected by genetic and environmental factors and antipsychotic medication. Several studies found that schizophrenia was associated with decreased risk of some cancers, and the neuroleptic medication might help to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Phenothiazine drugs including trifluoperazine (TFP) are widely used antipsychotic drugs and showed some antitumor effects, we here investigated the potential application of TFP in the treatment of colon cancer. A series doses of TFP were treated to the colon cancer cell line HCT116 and the inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of TFP for HCT116 was determined by cell counting kit-8. The results indicated that the treatment of TFP impaired the cell vitality of HCT116 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the Edu assay demonstrated that the proliferation was also inhibited by TFP, which was accompanied with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. The expression of CCNE1, CDK4, and antiapoptosis factor BCL-2 was downregulated but the proapoptosis factor BAX was upregulated. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine could significantly reverse the TFP-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the ability of migration and invasion of HCT116 was found to be suppressed by TFP, which was associated with the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The function of TFP in vivo was further confirmed. The results showed that the administration of TFP remarkably abrogated the tumor growth with decreased tumor volume and proliferation index Ki-67 level in tumor tissues. The EMT phenotype was also confirmed to be inhibited by TFP in vivo, suggesting the promising antitumor effects of TFP in CRC.
['Qian|Kun|K|0000-0003-4469-3593', 'Sun|Laiyu|L|', 'Zhou|Guoqing|G|', 'Ge|Haixia|H|', 'Meng|Yue|Y|', 'Li|Jingfen|J|', 'Li|Xiao|X|', 'Fang|Xinqiang|X|']
D000818:Animals D000970:Antineoplastic Agents D045744:Cell Line, Tumor D002465:Cell Movement D049109:Cell Proliferation D002470:Cell Survival D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic D045325:HCT116 Cells D006801:Humans D051379:Mice D008819:Mice, Nude D013997:Time Factors D014268:Trifluoperazine D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
trifluoperazine colorectal cancer apoptosis autophagy epithelial-mesenchymal transition