Using both principal component analysis and reduced rank regression to study dietary patterns and diabetes in Chinese adults.
OBJECTIVE
We examined the association between dietary patterns and diabetes using the strengths of two methods: principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the eating patterns of the population and reduced rank regression (RRR) to derive a pattern that explains the variation in glycated Hb (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting glucose.


DESIGN
We measured diet over a 3 d period with 24 h recalls and a household food inventory in 2006 and used it to derive PCA and RRR dietary patterns. The outcomes were measured in 2009.


SETTING
Adults (n 4316) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.


RESULTS
The adjusted odds ratio for diabetes prevalence (HbA1c≥6·5 %), comparing the highest dietary pattern score quartile with the lowest, was 1·26 (95 % CI 0·76, 2·08) for a modern high-wheat pattern (PCA; wheat products, fruits, eggs, milk, instant noodles and frozen dumplings), 0·76 (95 % CI 0·49, 1·17) for a traditional southern pattern (PCA; rice, meat, poultry and fish) and 2·37 (95 % CI 1·56, 3·60) for the pattern derived with RRR. By comparing the dietary pattern structures of RRR and PCA, we found that the RRR pattern was also behaviourally meaningful. It combined the deleterious effects of the modern high-wheat pattern (high intakes of wheat buns and breads, deep-fried wheat and soya milk) with the deleterious effects of consuming the opposite of the traditional southern pattern (low intakes of rice, poultry and game, fish and seafood).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that using both PCA and RRR provided useful insights when studying the association of dietary patterns with diabetes.
['Batis|Carolina|C|', 'Mendez|Michelle A|MA|', 'Gordon-Larsen|Penny|P|', 'Sotres-Alvarez|Daniela|D|', 'Adair|Linda|L|', 'Popkin|Barry|B|']
D000328:Adult D001786:Blood Glucose D002681:China D003920:Diabetes Mellitus D004032:Diet D005191:Family Characteristics D005247:Feeding Behavior D005260:Female D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin A D006801:Humans D007333:Insulin Resistance D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D009749:Nutrition Surveys D016017:Odds Ratio D025341:Principal Component Analysis D012107:Research Design
Principal component analysis Reduced rank regression Dietary patterns Diabetes