A pilot study comparing bone marrow aspirates and venous blood for emergency point-of-care blood parameters in healthy dogs.
OBJECTIVE
To compare intravenous and intraosseous blood aspirates using point-of-care diagnostic equipment available in veterinary hospitals.


DESIGN
Prospective study.


SETTING
Private referral hospital.


ANIMALS
Dogs undergoing a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or extracapsular anterior cruciate ligament stabilization procedure were enrolled.


METHODS
Under general anesthesia, simultaneous 0.5 mL intravenous and intraosseous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and proximal tibia, respectively. Samples were evaluated in duplicate within 10 minutes of collection and averaged for each of the following parameters: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, packed cell volume, total plasma protein (TPP), plasma lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, glucose, pH, anion gap, pO2, and pCO2 . Normalcy was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A Student's t-test and Bland-Altman plot were used to compare intravenous and intraosseous samples.


RESULTS
Twelve dogs were recruited into the study. There were statistically significant differences between intravenous and intraosseous samples for sodium (P = 0.0216), chloride (P = 0.0225), BUN (P = 0.014), and potassium (P < 0.0001), respectively. No significant differences were detected for the other parameters evaluated.


DISCUSSION
The intraosseous space provides an easily accessible, noncollapsible alternative for assessing blood parameters. Omitting potassium, the statistically significant differences noted between sites was not felt to be clinically significant. Although statistically insignificant, the large difference in hematocrit values indicates that the samples should not be used interchangeably.


CONCLUSION
Intraosseous aspirates, excluding potassium and hematocrit, appear to be a reliable alternative for assessing most point-of-care analytes in healthy dogs, although a larger sample size should be investigated. The application of these data in shock patients is unknown.
['Ackert|Lindsey|L|', 'Boysen|Søren R|SR|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-4834', 'Schiller|Teresa|T|']
D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium D000818:Animals D001784:Blood Gas Analysis D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen D001853:Bone Marrow D002712:Chlorides D004285:Dogs D004630:Emergencies D006400:Hematocrit D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous D007601:Jugular Veins D019344:Lactic Acid D010865:Pilot Projects D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing D011188:Potassium D011446:Prospective Studies
intravenous intraosseous EZ-IO minimum emergency diagnostics