Estimation of local incidence of jellyfish envenomation in developed marine coastal areas and large populated island on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia using case surveillance of government health facilities in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island.
BACKGROUND
Jellyfish stings are one of the commonest causes of marine animal related injuries in human. Despite mostly being harmless, box jellyfish species can cause major stings with fatalities or systemic envenoming symptoms. There are 15-20 species identified to be life-threatening. There are few reported cases that suggest the presence of deadly box jellyfish in the Malaysian coast. However, numbers of stings around Malaysia are still under reported.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This observational study was conducted in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island to look at the pattern and incidence of jellyfish stings which occur within 1 year.


RESULTS
There were 45 sting incidents reported with the highest number of cases occurred in December and February. Cases mainly involved young adults aged 10 to 29 years old. The most common clinical symptom that presented was sudden and persistent pain. Vinegar was applied as first aid in 53.3% of reported stings. All patients were treated symptomatically and discharged well. Stings occurred at mean sea surface temperature of 29.38°C and the wind speed of 7.6 knots. All cases were mild and did not require antivenom.


CONCLUSIONS
The study showed that the occurrence of jellyfish stings are affected by weather conditions. Jellyfish stings occur seasonally, thus making it predictable and easily preventable with public awareness, early first aid application and use of jellyfish nets.
['Mubarak|Aaina Iryani|AI|', 'Wan Mohd Shukri|Wan Nur Aida|WNA|', 'Ismail|Ahmad Khaldun|AK|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000818:Animals D001733:Bites and Stings D002648:Child D006076:Government D006268:Health Facilities D006801:Humans D015994:Incidence D008296:Malaysia D055815:Young Adult
jellyfish stings clinical toxinology emergency first-aid