Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults with diabetes mellitus in northern Sudan: a cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), are highly prevalent worldwide health non-communicable diseases, and are associated with chronic complications. The co-existence of both conditions accelerates the related complications and increases morbidities and mortalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nahr an Nil State (River Nile State) in Sudan between May and August 2018 to identify the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among patients with DM in that region.


RESULTS
The median (interquartile) age of the 1,973 enrolled patients was 58.0 (50.0‒65.0) years, and 818 (45.6%) were males. The median (interquartile) duration of diabetes was 5.0 (3.0‒9.0) years. Of the 1,973 enrolled participants, 21.7%, 1.3%, 37.1%, and 39.9% were normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Of 1,973 854 (47.6%) patients also had hypertension. Logistic regression analyses showed that elderly patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.03, 95%; confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‒1.04), males (AOR = 2.96, 95%; CI = 2.15‒4.07), employed patients (AOR = 1.92, 95%; CI = 1.38‒2.70), obese patients (AOR = 1.59, 95%; CI = 1.21‒2.08), and patients with diabetic foot (DF) (AOR = 2.45, 95%; CI = 1.72‒3.47) were at higher risk for hypertension. Conversely, patients with Type 2 DM (T2DM) (AOR = 0.63, 95%; CI = 0.50‒0.80) were at lower risk for hypertension. There was no significant association between overweight, uncontrolled DM, and hypertension.


CONCLUSION
This study showed a high prevalence of hypertension among patients with DM. Notably, older age, male gender, employment, duration of DM, DF, underweight, and obesity were significant predictors of hypertension among patients with DM.
['Abdelbagi|Omer|O|', 'Musa|Imad R|IR|', 'Musa|Shaza M|SM|', 'ALtigani|Salim A|SA|', 'Adam|Ishag|I|']
D000328:Adult D000367:Age Factors D000368:Aged D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D003920:Diabetes Mellitus D004651:Employment D005260:Female D006801:Humans D006973:Hypertension D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D009765:Obesity D015995:Prevalence D018570:Risk Assessment D012307:Risk Factors D012737:Sex Factors D013397:Sudan D013851:Thinness D013997:Time Factors
Prevalence Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Sudan Risk factors