Role of surface modification in zinc oxide nanoparticles and its toxicity assessment toward human dermal fibroblast cells.
The wide-scale applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) in photocatalysts, gas sensors, and cosmetics may cause toxicity to humans and environments. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to reduce the toxicity of ZnO NPs by coating them with a silica (SiO2) layer, which could be used in human applications, such as cosmetic preparations. The sol-gel method was used to synthesize core ZnO with SiO2-shelled NPs (SiO2/ZnO NPs) with varying degrees of coating. Diverse studies were performed to analyze the toxicity of NPs against cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To ensure the decreased toxicity of the produced SiO2/ZnO NPs, cytotoxicity in membrane damage and/or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by employing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin, and lipid peroxide estimations. The cores of ZnO NPs exhibited cytotoxicity over time, regardless of shell thickness. Nevertheless, the thicker SiO2/ZnO NPs revealed reduced enzyme leakage, decreased peroxide production, and less oxidative stress than their bare ZnO NPs or thinner SiO2/ZnO NPs. Therefore, thicker SiO2/ZnO NPs moderated the toxicity of ZnO NPs by restricting free radical formation and the release of zinc ions, and decreasing surface contact with cells.
['Ramasamy|Mohankandhasamy|M|', 'Das|Minakshi|M|', 'An|Seong Soo A|SS|', 'Yi|Dong Kee|DK|']
D002460:Cell Line D049109:Cell Proliferation D048430:Cell Shape D002470:Cell Survival D005347:Fibroblasts D006801:Humans D053768:Metal Nanoparticles D018384:Oxidative Stress D012822:Silicon Dioxide D013499:Surface Properties D015034:Zinc Oxide
zinc oxide human dermal fibroblast membrane damage oxidative stress photostability silica coating