Anti-depressant effects of phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol in chronic mild stress-treated mice after ischemic stroke.
RATIONALE
Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor cilostazol ameliorates negative effects of cerebral hypoperfusion against cerebral ischemic injury through the phosphodiesterase 3-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade.


OBJECTIVES
We investigated the question of whether cilostazol would have an anti-depressant effect on chronic mild stress (CMS)-treated mice after ischemic stroke.


METHODS
An animal model of post-stroke depression was developed by additional CMS procedures in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We performed behavioral, histological, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), immunohistochemical, Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).


RESULTS
In the open field, sucrose preference, forced swim and Morris water maze test, treatment with cilostazol resulted in reduction of all depressive behaviors examined, particularly in the Morris water maze test. Treatment with cilostazol reduced prominent atrophic changes in the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus of CMS-treated ischemic mice through inhibition of neuronal cell death and microglial activation. In addition, treatment of the CMS-treated ischemic mice with cilostazol resulted in significantly increased phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and expression of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus. Phosphorylation of CREB was also demonstrated in the dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain. Treatment with cilostazol also resulted in an increased number of newly formed cells and enhanced differentiation into neurons in the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol may have anti-depressant effects on post-stroke depression through inhibition of neurodegeneration in the primary lesion and secondary extrafocal sites and promotion of neurogenesis. These beneficial effects on post-stroke depression may be involved in activation of CREB/BDNF signaling.
['Kim|Yu Ri|YR|', 'Kim|Ha Neui|HN|', 'Hong|Ki Whan|KW|', 'Shin|Hwa Kyoung|HK|', 'Choi|Byung Tae|BT|']
D000818:Animals D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor D000077407:Cilostazol D003342:Corpus Striatum D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein D003863:Depression D004195:Disease Models, Animal D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons D006624:Hippocampus D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery D008297:Male D051379:Mice D055495:Neurogenesis D058987:Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors D010766:Phosphorylation D013315:Stress, Psychological D020521:Stroke D013777:Tetrazoles
Cilostazol Stroke Chronic mild stress Depression BDNF