Preparation, Characterization, and Formulation Optimization of Ionic-Liquid-in-Water Nanoemulsions toward Systemic Delivery of Amphotericin B.
Amphotericin B (AmB) is an antifungal agent that poses a challenge for intravenous drug delivery due to its hydrophobicity and severe side effects that are attributed to the self-aggregation of AmB in aqueous solution. To overcome this problem, we have rationally designed an ionic-liquid-in-water nanoemulsion drug delivery system that harnesses the unique properties of ionic liquids. The complex drug AmB serves as a model pharmaceutical agent to demonstrate the robustness of ionic-liquid-in-water nanoemulsions. High concentrations of AmB were solubilized in a new hydrophobic dicholinium-based ionic liquid. The absorption spectrum of AmB in an ionic liquid mixture and prepared nanoemulsion indicates AmB solubilization in the monomeric form. The hydrophobic ionic liquid exhibits high in vivo biocompatibility with zebrafish. The hemolytic activity of the AmB nanoemulsion was negligible, yet it maintained antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The preliminary results presented in this Communication indicate that ionic-liquid-in-water nanoemulsions may allow for the delivery of a variety of pharmaceuticals intravenously, broadening the scope of ionic liquids in the pharmaceutical sciences.
['Esson|Moira M|MM|', 'Mecozzi|Sandro|S|0000-0003-0828-1399']
D061605:Administration, Intravenous D000666:Amphotericin B D000818:Animals D000935:Antifungal Agents D001672:Biocompatible Materials D002176:Candida albicans D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical D004337:Drug Carriers D016503:Drug Delivery Systems D004655:Emulsions D006461:Hemolysis D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions D052578:Ionic Liquids D008823:Micelles D053761:Nanocomposites D010316:Particle Size D013057:Spectrum Analysis D014867:Water D015027:Zebrafish
nanoemulsions amphotericin B drug delivery ionic liquids