Influence of fat/carbohydrate ratio on progression of fatty liver disease and on development of osteopenia in male rats fed alcohol via total enteral nutrition (TEN).
Alcohol abuse is associated with the development of fatty liver disease and also with significant osteopenia in both genders. In this study, we examined ethanol-induced pathology in response to diets with differing fat/carbohydrate ratios. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed intragastrically with isocaloric liquid diets. Dietary fat content was either 5% (high carbohydrate, HC) or 45% (high fat, HF), with or without ethanol (12-13 g/kg/day). After 14, 28, or 65 days, livers were harvested and analyzed. In addition, bone morphology was analyzed after 65 days. HC rats gained more weight and had larger fat pads than HF rats with or without ethanol. Steatosis developed in HC + ethanol (HC + EtOH) compared to HF + ethanol (HF + EtOH) rats, accompanied by increased fatty acid (FA) synthesis and increased nuclear carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) (p < 0.05), but in the absence of effects on hepatic silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT-1) or nuclear sterol regulatory binding element protein (SREBP-1c). Ethanol reduced serum leptin (p < 0.05) but not adiponectin. Over time, HC rats developed fatty liver independent of ethanol. FA degradation was significantly elevated by ethanol in both HC and HF groups (p < 0.05). HF + EtOH rats had increased oxidative stress from 28 days, increased necrosis compared to HF controls and higher expression of cytochromes P450, CYP2E1, and CYP4A1 compared to HC + EtOH rats (p < 0.05). In contrast, HC + EtOH rats had no significant increase in oxidative stress until day 65 with no observed increase in necrosis. Unlike liver pathology, no dietary differences were observed on ethanol-induced osteopenia in HC compared to HF groups. These data demonstrate that interactions between diet composition and alcohol are complex, dependent on the length of exposure, and are an important influence in development of fatty liver injury. Importantly, it appears that diet composition does not affect alcohol-associated skeletal toxicity.
['Ronis|Martin J J|MJ|', 'Mercer|Kelly|K|', 'Suva|Larry J|LJ|', 'Vantrease|Jamie|J|', 'Ferguson|Matthew|M|', 'Hogue|William R|WR|', 'Sharma|Neha|N|', 'Cleves|Mario A|MA|', 'Blackburn|Michael L|ML|', 'Badger|Thomas M|TM|']
D000818:Animals D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 D042926:Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System D059305:Diet, High-Fat D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates D004041:Dietary Fats D018450:Disease Progression D004750:Enteral Nutrition D000431:Ethanol D005227:Fatty Acids D005234:Fatty Liver D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic D008297:Male D051381:Rats D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
Carbohydrate Fatty liver disease Liver Alcohol Diet Ethanol Bone Steatosis Fatty acid synthesis Polyunsaturated fat