Combined Effects of Strengthening and Proprioceptive Training on Stability, Balance, and Proprioception Among Subjects with Chronic Ankle Instability in Different Age Groups: Evaluation of Clinical Outcome Measures.
Background
Lateral ankle sprains are among the common injuries in the physically active population in different age groups and progress to chronic ankle instability (CAI). Accordingly, the current study assesses the effectiveness of strengthening and proprioceptive training programs on proprioception and balance in those suffering from CAI.


Design
Quasi-experimental design.


Methods
Thirty-six individuals with self-reported CAI were assigned into three groups based on age: group 1 (23 ± 1.84), group 2 (35.80 ± 1.68), group 3 (44.25 ± 4.86), then performed strength and balance exercises for 6 weeks. The study furthermore measured pre- and post-training of joint position sense (JPS), static balance, dynamic balance, chronic ankle instability tool (CAIT) and lower extremity functional scale (LEFS).


Results
Statistical analysis showed significant improvement (P < 0.01) on all outcome measures among all groups. In group 1, mainly the plantar flexion JPS improved to 3.7°, while in group 2 and group 3 the eversion JPS improved to 3.1° and 1.78° (P < 0.01). With reference to static balance with one's eyes closed and eyes open, the improvement in group 1 was 4.46, 11.05 s, group 2 was 2.23, 7.85 s and group 3 was 1.69, 4.68 s. In relation to dynamic balance, the development in group 1 was 5.85 cm, while group 2 was 4.71 cm and group 3 was 2.49 cm. Moreover, both CAIT and LEFS showed significant differences (P < 0.01) after training.


Conclusion
This study found that combined strengthening and proprioceptive training effectively improves stability, proprioception, balance, and self-reported functional outcomes.
['Alahmari|Khalid A|KA|0000-0002-6367-1317', 'Kakaraparthi|Venkata Nagaraj|VN|0000-0002-8145-1625', 'Reddy|Ravi Shankar|RS|0000-0001-6638-0585', 'Silvian|Paul|P|0000-0002-4920-6347', 'Tedla|Jaya Shanker|JS|0000-0002-2876-4227', 'Rengaramanujam|Kanagaraj|K|0000-0002-0244-7645', 'Ahmad|Irshad|I|0000-0002-6012-9207']
Ankle sprains Joint position sense Postural balance Rehabilitation