Flavonoid-rich ethanol extract from the leaves of Diospyros kaki attenuates cognitive deficits, amyloid-beta production, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) initiates a cascade of pathological events, including activation of microglial cells, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to neuronal death and the typical pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Flavonoids have been reported to exert neuroprotective activities, not only through their generally accepted antioxidant effects, but also through their ability to protect against neurotoxin-induced injury. Flavonoids reduce Aβ production, inhibit neuroinflammation, increase cerebrovascular function, and improve cognitive performance. Here, we analyzed the effects of a flavonoid-rich ethanol extract from the leaves of Diospyros kaki (FLDK) in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. We found that oral treatment with FLDK reversed learning and memory impairment, reduced Aβ burden and expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), and decreased microglial activation in senile plaques. FLDK restored antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as reduced the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, and inflammatory mediators. These results demonstrate that FLDK alleviates cognitive decline and reduces Aβ burden, microglial activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation responses. Thus, FLDK treatment may be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating AD, at least in part via its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities and its effect on the Aβ producing enzyme BACE1.
['Ma|Yingjuan|Y|', 'Ma|Bin|B|', 'Shang|Yuying|Y|', 'Yin|Qingqing|Q|', 'Hong|Yan|Y|', 'Xu|Song|S|', 'Shen|Chao|C|', 'Hou|Xunyao|X|', 'Liu|Xueping|X|']
D000544:Alzheimer Disease D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor D000818:Animals D003071:Cognition D003072:Cognition Disorders D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction D029788:Diospyros D000431:Ethanol D005419:Flavonoids D006801:Humans D008569:Memory Disorders D051379:Mice D008822:Mice, Transgenic D017628:Microglia D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation D018384:Oxidative Stress D018515:Plant Leaves D058225:Plaque, Amyloid D053764:Presenilin-1
Diospyros kaki Inflammation Flavonoids Alzheimer’s disease Amyloid metabolism Cognitive dysfunction