Methylene blue for vasoplegic syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the benefit of methylene blue as an adjunct treatment by assessing hemodynamic, morbidity rate, intensive care unit length of stay, and mortality rate outcomes in adult patients with vasoplegic syndrome.


METHODS
A systematic search through electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Medline for studies assessing the use of methylene blue in patients with vasoplegic syndrome compared to control treatments. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool was used for observational studies, and Jadad Scale was used for controlled trials to assess the risk of bias.


RESULTS
This systematic review included six studies for qualitative synthesis and five studies for quantitative synthesis. Pooled analysis revealed that mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, and hospital stay were not statistically significant in methylene blue administration compared to control. However, administration of methylene blue in vasoplegic syndrome patients significantly reduces renal failure (OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.08-0.75), development of multiple organ failure (OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.02-0.51), and mortality rate (OR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.03-0.46).


CONCLUSION
Adjunct administration of methylene blue for vasoplegic syndrome patients significantly reduces renal failure, multiple organ failure, and mortality.
['Perdhana|Fajar|F|', 'Kloping|Nabila A|NA|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-6452', 'Witarto|Andro P|AP|', 'Nugraha|David|D|', 'Yogiswara|Niwanda|N|', 'Luke|Kevin|K|', 'Kloping|Yudhistira P|YP|', 'Rehatta|Nancy M|NM|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-8077']
D000328:Adult D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass D006439:Hemodynamics D006801:Humans D008751:Methylene Blue D014655:Vascular Resistance D056987:Vasoplegia
Methylene blue vasoplegic syndrome cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgery nitric oxide