Novel stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)-based partial tumor irradiation targeting hypoxic segment of bulky tumors (SBRT-PATHY): improvement of the radiotherapy outcome by exploiting the bystander and abscopal effects.
BACKGROUND
Despite the advances in oncology, patients with bulky tumors have worse prognosis and often receive only palliative treatments. Bulky disease represents an important challenging obstacle for all currently available radical treatment options including conventional radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess a retrospective outcome on the use of a newly developed unconventional stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for PArtial Tumor irradiation of unresectable bulky tumors targeting exclusively their HYpoxic segment (SBRT-PATHY) that exploits the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy: bystander effects (local) and the abscopal effects (distant).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-three patients with bulky tumors received partial bulky irradiation in order to induce the local non-targeted effect of radiation (bystander effect). The hypoxic tumor segment, called the bystander tumor volume (BTV), was defined using PET and contrast-enhanced CT, as a hypovascularized-hypometabolic junctional zone between the central necrotic and peripheral hypervascularized-hypermetabolic tumor segment. Based on tumor site and volume, the BTV was irradiated with 1-3 fractions of 10-12 Gy prescribed to 70% isodose-line. The pathologic lymph nodes and metastases were not irradiated in order to assess the distant non-targeted effects of radiation (abscopal effect). No patient received any systemic therapy.


RESULTS
At the time of analysis, with median follow-up of 9.4 months (range: 4-20), 87% of patients remained progression-free. The bystander and abscopal response rates were 96 and 52%, respectively. Median shrinkage of partially irradiated bulky tumor expressing intensity of the bystander effect was 70% (range 30-100%), whereas for the non-irradiated metastases (intensity of the abscopal effect), it was 50% (range 30-100%). No patient experienced acute or late toxicity of any grade.


CONCLUSIONS
SBRT-PATHY showed very inspiring results on exploitation of the radiation-hypoxia-induced non-targeted effects that need to be confirmed through our ongoing prospective trial. Present study has been retrospectively registered by the local ethic committee under study number A 26/18.
['Tubin|Slavisa|S|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4543-5863', 'Popper|Helmut H|HH|', 'Brcic|Luka|L|']
D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D024201:Bystander Effect D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation D005260:Female D006801:Humans D000860:Hypoxia D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D009369:Neoplasms D058958:Organs at Risk D011379:Prognosis D016634:Radiosurgery D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted D012107:Research Design D012189:Retrospective Studies D047368:Tumor Burden
Novel Partial Bulky Bystander Abscopal SBRT Hypoxia Oligometastases