Study on the association of wall shear stress and vessel structural stress with atherosclerosis: An experimental animal study.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Artery is subject to wall shear stress (WSS) and vessel structural stress (VSS) simultaneously. This study is designed to explore the role of VSS in development of atherosclerosis.


METHODS
Silastic collars were deployed on the carotid to create two constrictions on 13 rabbits for a distinct mechanical environment at the constriction. MRI was performed to visualize arteries' configuration. Animals with high fat (n = 9; Model-group) and normal diet (n = 4; Control-group) were sacrificed after 16 weeks. 3D fluid-structure interaction analysis was performed to quantify WSS and VSS simultaneously.


RESULTS
Twenty plaques were found in Model-group and 3 in Control-group. In Model-group, 8 plaques located proximally to the first constriction (Region-1, close to the heart) and 7 distally to the second (Region-2, close to the head) and 5 plaques were found on the contralateral side of 3 rabbits. Plaques at Region-1 tended to be bigger than those at Region-2 and the macrophage density at these locations was comparable. Minimum time-averaged WSS (TAWSS) in Region-1 was significantly higher than that in Region-2, and both maximum oscillatory shear index (OSI) and particle relative residence time (RRT) were significantly lower. Peak and mean VSS in Region-1 were significantly higher than those in Region-2. Correlation analyses indicated that low TAWSS, high OSI and RRT were only associated with plaque in Region-2, while lesions in Region-1 were only associated with high VSS. Moreover, only VSS was associated with wall thickness of plaque-free regions in both regions.


CONCLUSIONS
VSS might contribute to the initialization and development of atherosclerosis solely or in combination with WSS.
['Teng|Zhongzhao|Z|', 'Wang|Shuo|S|', 'Tokgoz|Aziz|A|', 'Taviani|Valentina|V|', 'Bird|Joseph|J|', 'Sadat|Umar|U|', 'Huang|Yuan|Y|', 'Patterson|Andrew J|AJ|', 'Figg|Nichola|N|', 'Graves|Martin J|MJ|', 'Gillard|Jonathan H|JH|']
D000818:Animals D050197:Atherosclerosis D002339:Carotid Arteries D003251:Constriction, Pathologic D006439:Hemodynamics D008955:Models, Cardiovascular D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic D011817:Rabbits D033081:Shear Strength D013314:Stress, Mechanical
Wall shear stress Vessel structural stress Atherosclerosis Artery