Faecal microbial metabolism of olive oil phenolic compounds: in vitro and in vivo approaches.
SCOPE
In the present study, the individual colonic metabolism of the main components of the virgin olive oil phenolic fraction was evaluated by an in vitro model using human faecal microbiota. To assess differences in metabolism related to the molecular structure, four phenolic standards were selected, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate and oleuropein. After studying the in vitro colonic metabolism pathways of the individual phenols, the presence of their colonic metabolites was investigated in human faecal samples obtained before and after the sustained intake (3 weeks) of a daily dose of 25 mL of a phenol-enriched olive oil.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The in vitro colon fermentation of the four individual phenolic compounds revealed (i) an increase in phenolic acids, (ii) the stability of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol and (iii) the high degradation of hydroxytyrosol acetate and oleuropein. Additionally, a moderate intake of a phenol-rich olive oil raised the concentration in human faeces of free hydroxytyrosol and phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids.


CONCLUSION
The products of colonic catabolism of olive oil phenolic compounds could be good candidates for novel preventive strategies and open a promising line of research into the preventive action of olive oil phenols in colon and other bowel diseases.
['Mosele|Juana I|JI|', 'Martín-Peláez|Sandra|S|', 'Macià|Alba|A|', 'Farràs|Marta|M|', 'Valls|Rosa-Maria|RM|', 'Catalán|Úrsula|Ú|', 'Motilva|María-José|MJ|']
D000085:Acetates D002396:Catechols D003106:Colon D005243:Feces D005285:Fermentation D006801:Humans D066298:In Vitro Techniques D057888:Iridoid Glucosides D039823:Iridoids D007700:Kinetics D064307:Microbiota D033281:Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation D000069463:Olive Oil D010636:Phenols D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol D010938:Plant Oils
Faecal microbial metabolism Olive oil phenolic compounds Hydroxytyrosol Metabolic pathways Gut phenolic metabolites