Sex, age, and hospitalization drive antibody responses in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma donor population.
Convalescent plasma is a leading treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there is a paucity of data identifying its therapeutic efficacy. Among 126 potential convalescent plasma donors, the humoral immune response was evaluated using a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus neutralization assay with Vero-E6-TMPRSS2 cells; a commercial IgG and IgA ELISA to detect the spike (S) protein S1 domain (EUROIMMUN); IgA, IgG, and IgM indirect ELISAs to detect the full-length S protein or S receptor-binding domain (S-RBD); and an IgG avidity assay. We used multiple linear regression and predictive models to assess the correlations between antibody responses and demographic and clinical characteristics. IgG titers were greater than either IgM or IgA titers for S1, full-length S, and S-RBD in the overall population. Of the 126 plasma samples, 101 (80%) had detectable neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers. Using nAb titers as the reference, the IgG ELISAs confirmed 95%-98% of the nAb-positive samples, but 20%-32% of the nAb-negative samples were still IgG ELISA positive. Male sex, older age, and hospitalization for COVID-19 were associated with increased antibody responses across the serological assays. There was substantial heterogeneity in the antibody response among potential convalescent plasma donors, but sex, age, and hospitalization emerged as factors that can be used to identify individuals with a high likelihood of having strong antiviral antibody responses.
['Klein|Sabra L|SL|', 'Pekosz|Andrew|A|', 'Park|Han-Sol|HS|', 'Ursin|Rebecca L|RL|', 'Shapiro|Janna R|JR|', 'Benner|Sarah E|SE|', 'Littlefield|Kirsten|K|', 'Kumar|Swetha|S|', 'Naik|Harnish Mukesh|HM|', 'Betenbaugh|Michael J|MJ|', 'Shrestha|Ruchee|R|', 'Wu|Annie A|AA|', 'Hughes|Robert M|RM|', 'Burgess|Imani|I|', 'Caturegli|Patricio|P|', 'Laeyendecker|Oliver|O|', 'Quinn|Thomas C|TC|', 'Sullivan|David|D|', 'Shoham|Shmuel|S|', 'Redd|Andrew D|AD|', 'Bloch|Evan M|EM|', 'Casadevall|Arturo|A|', 'Tobian|Aaron Ar|AA|']
D000328:Adult D000367:Age Factors D000368:Aged D000818:Animals D000914:Antibodies, Viral D000917:Antibody Formation D000073640:Betacoronavirus D001782:Blood Donors D000086382:COVID-19 D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops D003289:Convalescence D018352:Coronavirus Infections D005260:Female D006760:Hospitalization D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D058873:Pandemics D011024:Pneumonia, Viral D000086402:SARS-CoV-2 D012737:Sex Factors D014709:Vero Cells
COVID-19 Immunoglobulins