Modulation of neuroinflammation by cysteinyl leukotriene 1 and 2 receptors: implications for cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases.
Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process and has been known to play an important role in age-related cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators that exhibit actions mainly through activating type 1 and type 2 CysLT receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2). Accumulating evidence shows that CysLT1 and CysLT2 are activated at different stages of pathological process in various cell types in the brain such as vascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in response to insults. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of CysLT1 and CysLT2 in regulating the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease are not fully understood. In this article, we focus on current advances that link activation of CysLT1 and CysLT2 to the pathological process during brain ischemia and neurodegeneration and discuss mechanisms by which CysLT1 and CysLT2 mediate inflammatory process and brain injury. Multitarget anti-inflammatory potentials of CysLT1 and CysLT2 antagonism for neuroinflammation and brain injury will also be reviewed.
['Wang|Yuxi|Y|', 'Yang|Yi|Y|', 'Zhang|Siran|S|', 'Li|Chengtan|C|', 'Zhang|Lihui|L|']
D000544:Alzheimer Disease D001253:Astrocytes D001927:Brain Diseases D002545:Brain Ischemia D042783:Endothelial Cells D006801:Humans D007249:Inflammation D017628:Microglia D009474:Neurons D010300:Parkinson Disease D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene
Cerebral ischemia Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Brain injury Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor Inflammation