Evidence synthesis - Where are children and adults physically active and sedentary? - a rapid review of location-based studies.
INTRODUCTION
Geographical positioning systems (GPS) have the capacity to provide further context around where physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) are accrued especially when overlaid onto objectively measured movement. The objective of this rapid review was to summarize evidence from location-based studies which employed the simultaneous use of GPS and objective measures of PA and/or ST.


METHODS
Six databases were searched to identify studies that employed the simultaneous use of GPS and objective measures of PA or ST to quantify location of movement. Risk of bias was assessed, and a qualitative synthesis completed.


RESULTS
Searching identified 3446 articles; 59 were included in the review. A total of 22 studies in children, 17 in youth and 20 in adults were captured. The active transportation environment emerged as an important location for moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in children, youth and adults. In children and youth, the school is an important location for MVPA, especially the schoolyard for children. Indoor locations (e.g., schools, homes) appear to be greater sources of lighter intensities of PA and ST. The review was limited by a lack of standardization in the nomenclature used to describe the locations and methods, as well as measures of variance.


CONCLUSION
Evidence suggests that the active transportation environment is a potentially important contributor of MVPA across an individual's lifespan. There is a need for future location-based studies to report on locations of all intensity of movement (including minutes and proportion) using a whole-day approach in larger representative samples.
['Prince|Stephanie A|SA|', 'Butler|Gregory P|GP|', 'Rao|Deepa P|DP|', 'Thompson|Wendy|W|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000076624:Built Environment D002648:Child D015444:Exercise D005260:Female D040362:Geographic Information Systems D006801:Humans D008297:Male D000068316:Parks, Recreational D012111:Residence Characteristics D012574:Schools D057185:Sedentary Behavior D012737:Sex Factors D014186:Transportation D017132:Workplace
sedentary time location active transportation built environment motor activity