Incidence, demographics, types and risk factors of dry eye disease in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics report I.
PURPOSE
To describe the incidence, demographics, types and risk-factors of dry eye disease (DED) in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India.


METHODS
This was an observational hospital-based study of 1,458,830 new patients presenting between 2010 and 2018. Patients with recent onset of both symptoms and signs, as defined by the tear film and ocular surface society dry eye work shop (TFOS DEWS) II guidelines, were considered as DED subjects. The data was prospectively collected using an electronic medical record system. Multiple logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) estimation was performed to identify the high risk-factors of DED.


RESULTS
Overall, 21,290 (1.46%) patients were diagnosed with recent-onset DED. The incidence of DED was 2688 and 16,482 per million population in children and adults, respectively (p < 0.0001). While incidence was significantly greater in males in 3rd, 4th, 9th and 10th decade (p < 0.03), it was greater in females in 5th and 6th decade (p < 0.0001) of life. Classified etiologically 35.5%, 20.6% and 39.9% of patients had evaporative, aqueous deficient and mixed type of DED, respectively. Age (OR 3.7-13.5), urban residence (OR 1.6), professional work (OR 1.5); homemaking (OR 1.42), retirement/unemployment (OR 1.24) and socio-economic affluence (OR 1.6-3.2) were identified as high risk-factors for developing DED.


CONCLUSION
The study results indicate that age, sex, residence, occupation, and socio-economic status have significant impact on development of DED. Since India is an emerging economy with a growing middle-class, increasing urban-migration and large aging population, the country is on the brink of a DED epidemic.
['Donthineni|Pragnya Rao|PR|', 'Kammari|Priyanka|P|', 'Shanbhag|Swapna S|SS|', 'Singh|Vivek|V|', 'Das|Anthony Vipin|AV|', 'Basu|Sayan|S|']
D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D000077558:Big Data D002648:Child D003710:Demography D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes D057286:Electronic Health Records D005260:Female D006801:Humans D015994:Incidence D007194:India D008297:Male D012307:Risk Factors
Dry eye disease Electronic medical records Big data Epidemiology