Cross cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Bengali version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5).
BACKGROUND
The oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children in Bangladesh has not yet been measured, as there is no validated OHRQoL measure for that population. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the child self-report and parental proxy report versions of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) into Bengali and test their psychometric properties: face validity, construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity) and reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), among 5-9-year-old children and their parents in Bangladesh and assess associations between dental caries/sepsis and OHRQoL in this population.


METHODS
The forward-backward translated Bengali SOHO-5 was piloted among 272 children and their parents to test its face validity. The questionnaire was administered to 788 children and their parents to evaluate its psychometric properties. Internal consistency of Bengali SOHO-5 was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was assessed using Kappa. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed through nonparametric tests. The calculation of effect sizes and standard error of measurement facilitated the assessment of minimally important difference (MID) for SOHO-5. The associations of reporting an oral impact with caries and sepsis were assessed via logistic regression models.


RESULTS
Both child self-report and parental proxy report questionnaires showed good face validity. Cronbach's alpha scores were 0.79 and 0.87 for child and parental questionnaire, respectively. A weighted Kappa score of 0.85 demonstrated test-retest reliability of child questionnaire. SOHO-5 scores were significantly associated with subjective oral health outcomes and discriminated clearly between different caries severity and sepsis groups. These differences were considerably higher than the MID. After adjusting for child's age, sex, setting, maternal education and family income, the odds of reporting an oral impact were 2.25 (95% CI 1.98-2.56) and 4.44 (95% CI 3.14-6.28) times higher for each additional tooth with caries and sepsis, respectively.


CONCLUSION
This study provided strong evidence supporting the validity and reliability of both versions of Bengali SOHO-5 as OHRQoL measures. Dental caries and sepsis were associated with poor OHRQoL in this population. The Bengali SOHO-5 is expected to be a useful outcome measure for research and clinical purposes in Bengali speaking child populations.
['Mishu|Masuma Pervin|MP|', 'Watt|Richard G|RG|', 'Heilmann|Anja|A|', 'Tsakos|Georgios|G|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-235X']
D001459:Bangladesh D002675:Child, Preschool D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison D003731:Dental Caries D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008297:Male D009909:Oral Health D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care D010290:Parents D011594:Psychometrics D011788:Quality of Life D015203:Reproducibility of Results D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D014175:Translating
Bengali Scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) Children Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) Validity Dental caries