Lower fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels are associated with depressive symptom in males: A population-based cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
We examined cross-sectional associations between depression and both inflammatory markers and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).


METHODS
This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of the data of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2016 (1,148 subjects). We analyzed the subjects' characteristics and laboratory data including plasma interleukin (IL)-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and FeNO. The subjects with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores ≥16 were assigned to the depression group. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine whether inflammatory markers and FeNO were associated with depression.


RESULTS
We assessed 1,099 subjects (430 males, 669 females). The depression group was 237 subjects (21.5%) [84 males (19.5%), 153 females (22.9%)]. The non-depression group was 862 subjects (346 males and 516 females). There were no significant differences in IL-6, hs-CRP, or FeNO between both groups. However, the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that lower FeNO was significantly associated with depression in males after adjusting for possible confounding factors (age, BMI, comorbidities, high-sensitivity troponin T, FEV1%, asthma, antidepressant use, smoker and alcohol drinker) (per 1 bpm increase, OR: 0.982; 95%CI: 0.967-0.998; p = 0.032).


CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that lower FeNO may be associated with depression in males.
['Takekawa|Daiki|D|', 'Kudo|Takashi|T|', 'Saito|Junichi|J|', 'Nikaido|Yoshikazu|Y|', 'Sawada|Kaori|K|', 'Takanashi|Shingo|S|', 'Hirota|Kazuyoshi|K|']
D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D015415:Biomarkers D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D003863:Depression D045853:Exhalation D005260:Female D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume D006801:Humans D018836:Inflammation Mediators D007564:Japan D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D009569:Nitric Oxide D011159:Population Surveillance
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide Depression Male Inflammation