Low Self-Efficacy and High Kinesiophobia Are Associated With Worse Function in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.
CONTEXT
Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a painfully debilitating hip condition disproportionately affecting active individuals. Mental health disorders are an important determinant of treatment outcomes for individuals with FAIS. Self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, and pain catastrophizing are psychosocial factors that have been linked to inferior outcomes for a variety of orthopedic conditions. However, these psychosocial factors and their relationships with mental health disorders, pain, and function have not been examined in individuals with FAIS.


OBJECTIVE
(1) To examine relationships between self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, pain, and function in patients with FAIS and (2) to determine if these variables differ between patients with and without a self-reported depression and/or anxiety.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional.


SETTING
University health center.


PARTICIPANTS
Fifty-one individuals with FAIS (42 females/9 males; age 35.7 [11.6] y; body mass index 27.1 [4.9] kg/m2).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Participants completed the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, visual analog scale for hip pain at rest and during activity, and the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool. Self-reported depression and/or anxiety were recorded. The relationships between psychosocial factors, pain, and function were examined using Spearman rank-order correlations. Independent t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate the effect of self-reported depression and/or anxiety on psychosocial factors, pain and function.


RESULTS
The 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool was correlated with pain during activity (ρ = -.57, P ≤ .001), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (ρ = -.52, P ≤ .001), and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (ρ = .71, P ≤ .001). The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was also correlated with pain at rest (ρ = -.43, P = .002) and pain during activity (ρ = -.46, P = .001). Individuals with self-reported depression and/or anxiety (18/51; 35.3%) had worse self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing (P ≤ .01).


CONCLUSION
Self-reported depression and/or anxiety, low self-efficacy, and high kinesiophobia were associated with more hip pain and worse function for patients with FAIS. These findings warrant further examination including psychosocial treatment strategies to improve the likelihood of a successful clinical outcome for this at-risk population.
['Jochimsen|Kate N|KN|', 'Mattacola|Carl G|CG|', 'Noehren|Brian|B|', 'Picha|Kelsey J|KJ|', 'Duncan|Stephen T|ST|', 'Jacobs|Cale A|CA|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D058443:Catastrophization D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D005260:Female D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D010147:Pain Measurement D000076604:Physical Functional Performance D020377:Self Efficacy D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D055815:Young Adult
pain catastrophizing psychosocial factors depression anxiety hip pain