Postoperative remote lung injury and its impact on surgical outcome.
Postoperative remote lung injury is a complication following various surgeries and is associated with short and long-term mortality and morbidity. The release of proinflammatory cytokines, damage-associated molecular patterns such as high-mobility group box-1, nucleotide-biding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 and heat shock protein, and cell death signalling activation, trigger a systemic inflammatory response, which ultimately results in organ injury including lung injury. Except high financial burden, the outcome of patients developing postoperative remote lung injury is often not optimistic. Several risk factors had been classified to predict the occurrence of postoperative remote lung injury, while lung protective ventilation and other strategies may confer protective effect against it. Understanding the pathophysiology of this process will facilitate the design of novel therapeutic strategies and promote better outcomes of surgical patients. This review discusses the cause and pathology underlying postoperative remote lung injury. Risk factors, surgical outcomes and potential preventative/treatment strategies against postoperative remote lung injury are also addressed.
['Chen|Lin|L|', 'Zhao|Hailin|H|', 'Alam|Azeem|A|', 'Mi|Emma|E|', 'Eguchi|Shiori|S|', 'Yao|Shanglong|S|', 'Ma|Daqing|D|0000-0002-0688-2097']
D000818:Animals D016207:Cytokines D006801:Humans D055370:Lung Injury D011183:Postoperative Complications D065840:Protective Factors D012121:Respiration, Artificial D012307:Risk Factors
Remote lung injury Cytokine Risk factor Pathophysiology Therapeutic strategy