Chronic Intake of Energy Drinks and Their Sugar Free Substitution Similarly Promotes Metabolic Syndrome.
Energy drinks containing significant quantities of caffeine, taurine and sugar are increasingly consumed, particularly by adolescents and young adults. The putative effects of chronic ingestion of either standard energy drink, MotherTM (ED), or its sugar-free formulation (sfED) on metabolic syndrome were determined in wild-type C57BL/6J mice, in comparison to a soft drink, Coca-Cola (SD), a Western-styled diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA), and a combination of SFA + ED. Following 13 weeks of intervention, mice treated with ED were hyperglycaemic and hypertriglyceridaemic, indicating higher triglyceride glucose index, which was similar to the mice maintained on SD. Surprisingly, the mice maintained on sfED also showed signs of insulin resistance with hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and greater triglyceride glucose index, comparable to the ED group mice. In addition, the ED mice had greater adiposity primarily due to the increase in white adipose tissue, although the body weight was comparable to the control mice receiving only water. The mice maintained on SFA diet exhibited significantly greater weight gain, body fat, cholesterol and insulin, whilst blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations remained comparable to the control mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the consumption of both standard and sugar-free forms of energy drinks induces metabolic syndrome, particularly insulin resistance.
['Graneri|Liam T|LT|', 'Mamo|John C L|JCL|', "D'Alonzo|Zachary|Z|", 'Lam|Virginie|V|', 'Takechi|Ryusuke|R|0000-0001-6359-3382']
D052436:Adipose Tissue, White D050154:Adiposity D000818:Animals D001786:Blood Glucose D001835:Body Weight D002253:Carbonated Beverages D066273:Diet, Western D004195:Disease Models, Animal D061215:Energy Drinks D005227:Fatty Acids D006801:Humans D008297:Male D024821:Metabolic Syndrome D051379:Mice D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D013549:Sweetening Agents D014280:Triglycerides
energy drinks metabolic syndrome triglycerides insulin body fat cholesterol blood glucose artificial sweetener brown adipose tissue