Implications of tobacco smoking on the oral health of older adults.
Cigarette smoking is the foremost health risk issue affecting individuals of all age groups globally. It specifically influences the geriatric population as a result of chronic exposure to toxins. Its role in various systemic and oral diseases including cancer, premalignant lesions, periodontitis, tooth loss, dental caries and implant failures is well established. Smoking causes immuno-inflammatory imbalances resulting in increased oxidative stress in the body. The latter hastens the immunosenescence and inflammaging process, which increases the susceptibility to infections. Thus, implementation of smoking cessation programs among older adults is imperative to prevent the development and progression of oral and systemic diseases. The present review focuses on smoking-associated oral health problems in older adults, and the steps required for cessation of the habit.
['Agnihotri|Rupali|R|', 'Gaur|Sumit|S|']
D000367:Age Factors D000368:Aged D006801:Humans D009059:Mouth Diseases D012907:Smoking D016540:Smoking Cessation D014076:Tooth Diseases
smoking dental caries smoking cessation chronic periodontitis oral cancer oral premalignant lesions