Increased fat cell size: a major phenotype of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in non-obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
We aimed to elucidate the impact of fat cell size and inflammatory status of adipose tissue on the development of type 2 diabetes in non-obese individuals.


METHODS
We characterised subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue by examining stromal cell populations by 13 colour flow cytometry, measuring expression of adipogenesis genes in the progenitor cell fraction and determining lipolysis and adipose secretion of inflammatory proteins in 14 non-obese men with type 2 diabetes and 13 healthy controls matched for age, sex, body weight and total fat mass.


RESULTS
Individuals with diabetes had larger fat cells than the healthy controls but stromal cell population frequencies, adipose lipolysis and secretion of inflammatory proteins did not differ between the two groups. However, in the entire cohort fat cell size correlated positively with the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages, TNF-α secretion, lipolysis and insulin resistance. Expression of genes encoding regulators of adipogenesis and adipose morphology (BMP4, CEBPα [also known as CEBPA], PPARγ [also known as PPARG] and EBF1) correlated negatively with fat cell size.


CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION
We show that a major phenotype of white adipose tissue in non-obese individuals with type 2 diabetes is adipocyte hypertrophy, which may be mediated by an impaired adipogenic capacity in progenitor cells. Consequently, this could have an impact on adipose tissue inflammation, release of fatty acids, ectopic fat deposition and insulin sensitivity.
['Acosta|Juan R|JR|', 'Douagi|Iyadh|I|', 'Andersson|Daniel P|DP|', 'Bäckdahl|Jesper|J|', 'Rydén|Mikael|M|', 'Arner|Peter|P|', 'Laurencikiene|Jurga|J|']
D017667:Adipocytes D052436:Adipose Tissue, White D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D016022:Case-Control Studies D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 D005260:Female D006801:Humans D007328:Insulin D007333:Insulin Resistance D008066:Lipolysis D008264:Macrophages D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D009765:Obesity D050151:Subcutaneous Fat D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Non-obese Type 2 diabetes Adipocyte hypertrophy Subcutaneous adipose