Systematically Optimized Ketoprofen-Loaded Novel Proniosomal Formulation for Periodontitis: In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Evaluation.
Various preclinical/clinical studies support the effectiveness of ketoprofen in periodontitis; however, the literature reveals that novel delivery systems have been less explored for the drug in periodontitis. The current investigation aims to explore the potential of a pro-vesicular approach-based proniosomal drug delivery of ketoprofen for its effectiveness and validation in experimental periodontal disease (EPD). Formulations were developed using I-optimal mixture design. Developed formulations were characterized for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, and in vitro drug release. Selected proniosomal gels were evaluated for mucoadhesiveness, ex vivo drug permeation, and retention studies. Optimized proniosomal gel was evaluated for surface morphology, rheological behavior, texture studies, and pharmacodynamic activity in EPD. The results showed that ketoprofen-loaded proniosomal formulations formed a mucoadhesive hydrogel comprising spherical and flexible vesicles. Viscosity and texture studies showed good adhesion and smoothness, which are desired for enhanced permeation. The disease condition was improved with preserved bone resorption process, that too with intact cementum vis-à-vis marketed gel formulation, when evaluated in the EPD model. The results lead to the conclusion that proniosomes can act as a promising carrier and can be effectively used for improved ketoprofen delivery in periodontal pockets.
['Yadav|N K|NK|', 'Nanda|Sanju|S|', 'Sharma|Gajanand|G|', 'Katare|O P|OP|']
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous D000818:Animals D002645:Chickens D004339:Drug Compounding D016503:Drug Delivery Systems D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical D065546:Drug Liberation D007660:Ketoprofen D008081:Liposomes D008297:Male D010518:Periodontitis D011355:Prodrugs D051381:Rats D017208:Rats, Wistar D012869:Skin Absorption D013552:Swine
proniosomes periodontitis ketoprofen I-optimal mixture design permeation studies