Validation of the Mandarin Chinese Version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), a self-reported scale, has been used to assess the pain sensitivity level in a Caucasian population. However, a validated Mandarin Chinese version of the PSQ is not available. This study was aimed to translate the PSQ into Mandarin Chinese (PSQ-C) and validate it to measure pain sensitivity among Chinese people.


METHODS
The English version of the PSQ has been translated into Mandarin Chinese (PSQ-C), according to the standard steps of cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported scales. Three of the 17 items were revised owing to cultural adaptation. The final version was validated on a population of 182 Chinese people in Changsha City, China, during October to December 2015. The participants underwent electrical experimental pain testing. The psychometric properties of the PSQ-C and its subscales were examined.


RESULTS
The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the PSQ-C-total, PSQ-C-moderate, and PSQ-C-minor were 0.90, 0.86, and 0.81, respectively. Acceptable test-retest reliability, content validity, and construct validity were demonstrated. Concurrent validity was shown via significant positive correlations between PSQ-C scores and perceived pain intensity at pain threshold and during pain stimulation with a fixed intensity. Convergent validity was shown via significant positive correlations between Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores and PSQ-C scores. Known group validity was demonstrated via higher PSQ-C-total and PSQ-C-moderate scores among those with high neuroticism scores. These results indicate that the PSQ-C has reasonably good psychometric properties, similar to the original English and German versions.


CONCLUSION
The PSQ-C is a reliable and useful tool to assess pain sensitivity levels in a Chinese population.
['Quan|Xiaoli|X|', 'Fong|Daniel Yee Tak|DYT|', 'Leung|Angela Yee Man|AYM|', 'Liao|Qin|Q|', 'Ruscheweyh|Ruth|R|', 'Chau|Pui Hing|PH|']
D000328:Adult D044466:Asians D002681:China D005260:Female D006801:Humans D007802:Language D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D010147:Pain Measurement D017288:Pain Threshold D011594:Psychometrics D015203:Reproducibility of Results D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D014177:Translations D055815:Young Adult
validation Chinese pain sensitivity questionnaire translation cultural adaptation experimental pain testing