Analysis of Recent Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses from Livestock in Kenya: Evidence of Four Independently Evolving Lineages.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Kenya where four serotypes (O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2) of the virus are currently in circulation. Within 2010 and 2011, the National Laboratory recorded an increase in the number of FMD outbreaks caused by serotype O virus. The characteristics of these viruses were determined to ascertain whether these were independent outbreaks or one single strain spreading throughout the country. The sequences of the complete VP1-coding region were analysed from viruses sampled within different areas of Kenya during 2010 and 2011. The results indicated that the 2010 to 2011 outbreaks in Kenya were caused by four independent strains. By comparison with earlier type O isolates from Eastern Africa, it was apparent that the outbreaks were caused by viruses from three different lineages of topotype EA-2 and a fourth virus strain belonging to topotype EA-4. The topotypes EA-1 and EA-3 were not detected from these outbreaks. Implications of these results for FMD control in Eastern Africa are discussed.
['Wekesa|S N|SN|', 'Muwanika|V B|VB|', 'Siegismund|H R|HR|', 'Sangula|A K|AK|', 'Namatovu|A|A|', 'Dhikusooka|M T|MT|', 'Tjørnehøj|K|K|', 'Balinda|S N|SN|', 'Wadsworth|J|J|', 'Knowles|N J|NJ|', 'Belsham|G J|GJ|']
D000818:Animals D002417:Cattle D004196:Disease Outbreaks D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus D014644:Genetic Variation D007630:Kenya D010802:Phylogeny D012367:RNA, Viral D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA D012703:Serotyping
foot-and-Mouth disease Kenya outbreaks topotype East Africa serotype O FMDV