The effects of sildenafil and n-acetylcysteine on ischemia and reperfusion injury in gastrocnemius muscle and femoral artery endothelium.
PURPOSE
We aimed to examine the effects of sildenafil and n-acetylcystein on ischemia/reperfusion injury in femoral artery endothelium and gastrocnemius muscle.


BASIC METHODS
32 rats of Sprague-Dawley breed were randomly divided into four groups (n=8). Median laparotomy was performed, then a 120-minute ischemia was created by microvascular clamping of infrarenal aorta, followed by the release of clamping. In sildenafil group, 1 mg/kg of sildenafil infusion and in the n-acetylcystein group, 100 mg/kg of n-acetylcystein infusion was administered after release of clamps. Blood samples and tissue samples of femoral artery and gastrocnemius muscle were extracted for a histopathological evaluation.


PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Serum levels of malondialdehyde in ischemia/reperfusion group (6.16±0.79) were higher compared to the control group (4.69±0.33), whereas a significant decrease was detected in sildenafil (5.17±0.50) and n-acetylcystein (4.96±0.49) groups. Femoral artery tissue sections of the control group, mean tumor necrosis factor alpha and hypoxy-induced factor-1 alpha immunoreactivity were found to be negative. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, mean tumor necrosis factor α immunoreactivity was intense and mean hypoxy-induced factor-1 alpha immunoreactivity was 51-75%. In the ischemia/reperfusion+Sildenafil and ischemia/reperfusion+NAS groups, mean tumor necrosis factor α immunoreactivity was slight and mean hypoxy-induced factor-1 alpha immunoreactivity was 26-50%.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, sildenafil and n-acetylcystein may reduce femoral artery endothelium and gastrocnemius muscle injury following lower extremity ischemia/reperfusion.
['Aksu|Volkan|V|', 'Yüksel|Volkan|V|', 'Chousein|Serchat|S|', 'Taştekin|Ebru|E|', 'İşcan|Şahin|Ş|', 'Sağiroğlu|Gönül|G|', 'Canbaz|Suat|S|', 'Sunar|Hasan|H|']
D000111:Acetylcysteine D000818:Animals D000975:Antioxidants D015415:Biomarkers D019610:Cytoprotection D004195:Disease Models, Animal D004730:Endothelium, Vascular D005263:Femoral Artery D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit D015227:Lipid Peroxidation D008315:Malondialdehyde D018482:Muscle, Skeletal D018384:Oxidative Stress D010879:Piperazines D011687:Purines D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley D015427:Reperfusion Injury D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate D013449:Sulfonamides D013997:Time Factors D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha D014665:Vasodilator Agents
sildenafil n-acetylcystein ischemia reperfusion gastrocnemius muscle Femoral artery endothelium