Spinosad induces autophagy of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells and the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Spinosad, a high-selectivity neural toxin, has been widely used in agricultural production. However, the mode of action of spinosad on insect non-neural cells is not yet clear and hence requires further investigation. Therefore, to reveal the cytotoxic mechanisms of spinosad, we investigated whether and how it can induce autophagic cell death. After treating Sf9 cells with spinosad, the resulting autophagosome was observed by transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine staining. Interestingly, spinosad induced the accumulation of Beclin-1, degradation of p62, and intensification of LC3-B formation and translocation and thus autophagy, whereas, 3-MA treatment reverted the phenotype. Under ATP depletion conditions, spinosad induced autophagy of Sf9 cells and activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
['Yang|Mingjun|M|', 'Hao|Youwu|Y|', 'Gao|Jufang|J|', 'Zhang|Yang|Y|', 'Xu|Wenping|W|', 'Tao|Liming|L|']
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases D000818:Animals D001343:Autophagy D000071186:Beclin-1 D015153:Blotting, Western D049109:Cell Proliferation D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug D004338:Drug Combinations D004789:Enzyme Activation D019476:Insect Proteins D018942:Macrolides D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins D008928:Mitochondria D061987:Sf9 Cells D015398:Signal Transduction D018411:Spodoptera D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases D014617:Vacuoles
Spinosad Autophagy Sf9 cells AMPK mTOR