Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: insights on clinical outcomes, prognostic markers, and functional status changes.
OBJECTIVES
This study sought to determine the effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and to determine the factors associated with worse outcomes in COPD patients.


BACKGROUND
No data exist on the factors determining poorer outcomes in COPD patients undergoing TAVI.


METHODS
A total of 319 consecutive patients (29.5% with COPD) who underwent TAVI were studied. Functional status was evaluated by New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, Duke Activity Status Index, and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) at baseline and at 6 to 12 months. The TAVI treatment was considered futile if the patient either died or did not improve in NYHA functional class at 6-month follow-up.


RESULTS
Survival rates at 1 year were 70.6% in COPD patients and 84.5% in patients without COPD (p = 0.008). COPD was an independent predictor of cumulative mortality after TAVI (hazard ratio: 1.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.08 to 3.13; p = 0.026). Improvement in functional status was observed after TAVI (p < 0.001 for NYHA functional class, Duke Activity Status Index, and 6MWT), but COPD patients exhibited less (p = 0.036) improvement in NYHA functional class. Among COPD patients, a shorter 6MWT distance predicted cumulative mortality (p = 0.013), whereas poorer baseline spirometry results (FEV1 [forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration]) determined a higher rate of periprocedural pulmonary complications (p = 0.040). The TAVI treatment was futile in 40 COPD patients (42.5%) and a baseline 6MWT distance <170 m best determined the lack of benefit after TAVI (p = 0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
COPD was associated with a higher rate of mortality at mid-term follow-up. Among COPD patients, a higher degree of airway obstruction and a lower exercise capacity determined a higher risk of pulmonary complications and mortality, respectively. TAVI was futile in more than one-third of the COPD patients, and a shorter distance walked at the 6MWT predicted the lack of benefit after TAVI. These results may help to improve the clinical decision-making process in this challenging group of patients.
['Mok|Michael|M|', 'Nombela-Franco|Luis|L|', 'Dumont|Eric|E|', 'Urena|Marina|M|', 'DeLarochellière|Robert|R|', 'Doyle|Daniel|D|', 'Villeneuve|Jacques|J|', 'Côté|Mélanie|M|', 'Ribeiro|Henrique B|HB|', 'Allende|Ricardo|R|', 'Laflamme|Jerôme|J|', 'DeLarochellière|Hugo|H|', 'Laflamme|Louis|L|', 'Amat-Santos|Ignacio|I|', 'Pibarot|Philippe|P|', 'Maltais|François|F|', 'Rodés-Cabau|Josep|J|']
D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis D006328:Cardiac Catheterization D005080:Exercise Test D017079:Exercise Tolerance D005260:Female D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation D006801:Humans D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate D008168:Lung D008297:Male D018579:Patient Selection D011237:Predictive Value of Tests D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive D020127:Recovery of Function D012307:Risk Factors D012720:Severity of Illness Index D013147:Spirometry D013997:Time Factors D016896:Treatment Outcome D016138:Walking
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease transcatheter aortic valve implantation COPD TAVI New York Heart Association NYHA Duke Activity Status Index 6-min walk test 6MWT hazard ratio confidence interval forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration BMI CI DASI FEV(1) HR IQR ROC SAVR STS Society of Thoracic Surgeons TA TAo TF VARC Valve Academic Research Consortium aortic stenosis body mass index eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate interquartile range pulmonary function receiver-operating characteristic surgical aortic valve replacement transaortic transapical transfemoral