Imaging in tuberculosis.
Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is necessary for effective treatment. In primary pulmonary TB, chest radiography remains the mainstay for the diagnosis of parenchymal disease, while computed tomography (CT) is more sensitive in detecting lymphadenopathy. In post-primary pulmonary TB, CT is the method of choice to reveal early bronchogenic spread. Concerning characterization of the infection as active or not, CT is more sensitive than radiography, and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) has yielded promising results that need further confirmation. The diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB sometimes remains difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality in the diagnosis and assessment of tuberculous spondylitis, while (18)F-FDG PET shows superior image resolution compared with single-photon-emitting tracers. MRI is considered superior to CT for the detection and assessment of central nervous system TB. Concerning abdominal TB, lymph nodes are best evaluated on CT, and there is no evidence that MRI offers added advantages in diagnosing hepatobiliary disease. As metabolic changes precede morphological ones, the application of (18)F-FDG PET/CT will likely play a major role in the assessment of the response to anti-TB treatment.
['Skoura|Evangelia|E|', 'Zumla|Alimuddin|A|', 'Bomanji|Jamshed|J|']
D042241:Early Diagnosis D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 D006801:Humans D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging D064847:Multimodal Imaging D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed D016896:Treatment Outcome D014376:Tuberculosis D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Computed tomography Positron emission tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Extrapulmonary tuberculosis Fluorodeoxyglucose Pulmonary tuberculosis