Short- and Long-Term Effects of Parent Training for Preschool Children With or at Risk of ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to synthesize the evidence of parent training (PT) as an early intervention for preschool children aged 2.5 to 6 years with ADHD or ADHD symptoms.


METHOD
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.


RESULTS
Sixteen studies including 1,003 children were analyzed. Parent-rated outcomes revealed moderate effect sizes (ESs; Hedges' g) of 0.51 for ADHD symptoms, 0.4 for conduct problems, and 0.63 for negative parenting. Based on independent assessment, results were only significant for negative parenting. Parent-rated outcomes were sustained at follow-ups of 3 to 12 months. Program type, intervention modality, and child diagnostic status did not moderate the effect.


CONCLUSION
PT was partially supported as an efficacious intervention for preschool children with ADHD or ADHD symptoms with moderate ESs on parent-rated outcomes, but no significant results on independently assessed ADHD symptoms.
['Rimestad|Marie Louise|ML|', 'Lambek|Rikke|R|', 'Zacher Christiansen|Helene|H|', 'Hougaard|Esben|E|']
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity D002648:Child D002675:Child, Preschool D004505:Education, Nonprofessional D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008297:Male D016487:Parenting D010290:Parents D000066553:Problem Behavior D016896:Treatment Outcome
parent training ADHD meta-analysis early intervention