Maternal and cord blood vitamin D status and childhood infection and allergic disease: a systematic review.
CONTEXT
It is unclear how in utero vitamin D deficiency affects the extraskeletal health of children, despite the known risks for adverse pregnancy/birth outcomes.


OBJECTIVE
This systematic review seeks to assess the effect of in utero vitamin D exposure on childhood allergy and infection outcomes using the PRISMA guidelines.


DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched.


STUDY SELECTION
Literature published through April 2015 was searched for studies reporting on the association between maternal pregnancy or cord blood vitamin D status and childhood allergy and infection.


DATA EXTRACTION
Of 4175 articles identified, 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. They examined a wide variety of outcomes, using many different vitamin D cutoff values in their analyses.


DATA SYNTHESIS
For most outcomes, results were inconsistent, although there appeared to be a protective effect between higher in utero vitamin D status and childhood lower respiratory tract infection (5 of 10 studies).


CONCLUSIONS
More research is needed on childhood allergy and infection outcomes, and future studies should standardize outcome reporting, especially with regard to cutoff values for vitamin D concentrations. Evidence of a protective association between in utero vitamin D exposure and lower respiratory tract infection was found, while the other outcomes were either understudied or showed inconsistent results.PROSPERO registration no. CRD42013006156.
['Fried|David A|DA|', 'Rhyu|Jane|J|', 'Odato|Karen|K|', 'Blunt|Heather|H|', 'Karagas|Margaret R|MR|', 'Gilbert-Diamond|Diane|D|']
D005260:Female D005312:Fetal Blood D006801:Humans D006967:Hypersensitivity D007239:Infections D011247:Pregnancy D011256:Pregnancy Outcome D014807:Vitamin D D014815:Vitamins
vitamin D infection pregnancy allergy epidemiology pediatrics