The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Events to Smoking, Overweight, Obesity and Binge Drinking Among Women in Hawaii.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate how the associations of adverse childhood events (ACEs) with smoking, overweight, obesity and binge drinking differ by race/ethnicity among women, including a large, understudied cohort of Asians and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs).


METHODS
The number and type (household dysfunction, and physical, verbal and sexual abuse) of ACEs were examined in relation to adulthood smoking, overweight, obesity and binge drinking among 3354 women in Hawaii using the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data using Poisson regression with robust error variance. We additionally investigated for interaction by race/ethnicity. Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, education, emotional support, healthcare coverage, and the other health outcomes.


RESULTS
Overall, 54.9 % reported at least 1 ACE. The prevalence of smoking (PR = 1.40 (1 ACE) to PR = 2.55 [5+ ACEs]), overweight (PR = 1.22 [1 ACE] to PR = 1.31 [5+ ACEs]) and obesity (PR = 1.00 [1 ACE] to PR = 1.85 [5+ ACEs]) increased with increasing ACE count. Smoking was associated with household dysfunction (PR = 1.67, CI = 1.26-2.22), and physical (PR = 2.04, CI = 1.50-2.78) and verbal (PR = 1.62, CI = 1.25-2.10) abuse. Obesity was also significantly related to household dysfunction (PR = 1.22, CI = 1.01-1.48), and physical (PR = 1.36, CI = 1.10-1.70), verbal (PR = 1.35, CI = 1.11-1.64) and sexual (PR = 1.53, CI = 1.25-1.88) abuse. Among Asians, sexual abuse was associated with a lower prevalence of binge drinking (PR = 0.26, CI = 0.07-0.93), which was significantly different from the null association among Whites (interaction p = 0.02).


CONCLUSION
Preventing/addressing ACEs may help optimize childhood health, and reduce the likelihood of smoking/obesity among women including Asians/NHOPIs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the sexual abuse-binge drinking association among Asians, which may support the need for culturally-tailored programs to address ACEs.
['Remigio-Baker|Rosemay A|RA|', 'Hayes|Donald K|DK|', 'Reyes-Salvail|Florentina|F|']
D000328:Adult D000428:Alcohol Drinking D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System D015992:Body Mass Index D001835:Body Weight D016009:Chi-Square Distribution D004522:Educational Status D005260:Female D006254:Hawaii D006801:Humans D008016:Life Change Events D008875:Middle Aged D009765:Obesity D050177:Overweight D016012:Poisson Distribution D015995:Prevalence D012307:Risk Factors D012907:Smoking D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Adverse childhood events Smoking Obesity Binge drinking Asians, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders Women’s health