Accuracy of fetal sex determination in the first trimester of pregnancy using 3D virtual reality ultrasound.
PURPOSE
Early detection of fetal sex is becoming more popular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fetal sex determination in the first trimester, using 3D virtual reality.


METHODS
Three-dimensional (3D) US volumes were obtained in 112 pregnancies between 9 and 13 weeks of gestational age. They were offline projected as a hologram in the BARCO I-Space and subsequently the genital tubercle angle was measured. Separately, the 3D US aspect of the genitalia was examined for having a male or female appearance.


RESULTS
Although a significant difference in genital tubercle angles was found between male and female fetuses, it did not result in a reliable prediction of fetal gender. Correct sex prediction based on first trimester genital appearance was at best 56%.


CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that accurate determination of the fetal sex in the first trimester of pregnancy is not possible, even using an advanced 3D US technique.
['Bogers|Hein|H|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-7324', 'Rifouna|Maria S|MS|', 'Koning|Anton H J|AHJ|', 'Husen-Ebbinge|Margreet|M|', 'Go|Attie T J I|ATJI|', 'van der Spek|Peter J|PJ|', 'Steegers-Theunissen|Régine P M|RPM|', 'Steegers|Eric A P|EAP|', 'Exalto|Niek|N|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D005260:Female D006801:Humans D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional D008137:Longitudinal Studies D011247:Pregnancy D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First D015203:Reproducibility of Results D012732:Sex Determination Analysis D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal D000076142:Virtual Reality D055815:Young Adult
sex first trimester 3D virtual reality ultrasound genital tubercle gender obstetrics