Location, Location, Location: Compartmentalization of NAD+ Synthesis and Functions in Mammalian Cells.
The numerous biological roles of NAD+ are organized and coordinated via its compartmentalization within cells. The spatial and temporal partitioning of this intermediary metabolite is intrinsic to understanding the impact of NAD+ on cellular signaling and metabolism. We review evidence supporting the compartmentalization of steady-state NAD+ levels in cells, as well as how the modulation of NAD+ synthesis dynamically regulates signaling by controlling subcellular NAD+ concentrations. We further discuss potential benefits to the cell of compartmentalizing NAD+, and methods for measuring subcellular NAD+ levels.
['Cambronne|Xiaolu A|XA|', 'Kraus|W Lee|WL|']
D000818:Animals D002451:Cell Compartmentation D009243:NAD D015398:Signal Transduction D013347:Subcellular Fractions
CD38 nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) sirtuin