Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and primary care costs in England: an interrupted time series analysis.
BACKGROUND
Sleepio is an automated digital programme that delivers cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I). Sleepio has been proven effective in improving sleep difficulties. However, evidence for the possible impact of Sleepio use on health care costs in the United Kingdom has not previously been developed.


AIM
We sought to identify the effect of a population-wide rollout of Sleepio in terms of primary care costs in the National Health Service (NHS) in England.


DESIGN & SETTING
The study was conducted in the Thames Valley region of England, where access to Sleepio was made freely available to all residents between October 2018 and January 2020. The study relies on a quasi-experimental design, using an interrupted time series to compare the trend in primary care costs before and after the rollout of Sleepio.


METHOD
We use primary care data for people with relevant characteristics from nine general practices in Buckinghamshire. Primary care costs include general practice contacts and prescriptions. Segmented regression analysis was used to estimate primary and secondary outcomes.


RESULTS
For the 10,704 patients included in our sample, the total saving over the 65-week follow-up period was £71,027. This corresponds to £6.64 per person in our sample or around £70.44 per Sleepio user. Secondary analyses suggest that savings may be driven primarily by reductions in prescribing.


CONCLUSION
Sleepio rollout reduced primary care costs. National adoption of Sleepio may reduce primary care costs by £20 million in the first year. The expected impact on primary care costs in any particular setting will depend on the uptake of Sleepio.
['Sampson|Chris|C|http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-2369', 'Bell|Eleanor|E|', 'Cole|Amanda|A|', 'Miller|Christopher B|CB|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2936-7717', 'Marriott|Tracey|T|', 'Williams|Matt|M|', 'Rose|James|J|']
insomnia interrupted time series analysis health care costs cognitivebehaviouraltherapy digital technology primary health care