Characterization of Inner and Outer Membrane Proteins from Francisella tularensis Strains LVS and Schu S4 and Identification of Potential Subunit Vaccine Candidates.
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and a potential bioterrorism agent. In the present study, we isolated, identified, and quantified the proteins present in the membranes of the virulent type A strain, Schu S4, and the attenuated type B strain, LVS (live vaccine strain). Spectral counting of mass spectrometric data showed enrichment for membrane proteins in both strains. Mice vaccinated with whole LVS membranes encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing the adjuvant polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I·C)] showed significant protection against a challenge with LVS compared to the results seen with naive mice or mice vaccinated with either membranes or poly(I·C) alone. The PLGA-encapsulated Schu S4 membranes with poly(I·C) alone did not significantly protect mice from a lethal intraperitoneal challenge with Schu S4; however, this vaccination strategy provided protection from LVS challenge. Mice that received the encapsulated Schu S4 membranes followed by a booster of LVS bacteria showed significant protection with respect to a lethal Schu S4 challenge compared to control mice. Western blot analyses of the sera from the Schu S4-vaccinated mice that received an LVS booster showed four immunoreactive bands. One of these bands from the corresponding one-dimensional (1D) SDS-PAGE experiment represented capsule. The remaining bands were excised, digested with trypsin, and analyzed using mass spectrometry. The most abundant proteins present in these immunoreactive samples were an outer membrane OmpA-like protein, FopA; the type IV pilus fiber building block protein; a hypothetical membrane protein; and lipoproteins LpnA and Lpp3. These proteins should serve as potential targets for future recombinant protein vaccination studies.IMPORTANCE The low infectious dose, the high potential mortality/morbidity rates, and the ability to be disseminated as an aerosol make Francisella tularensis a potential agent for bioterrorism. These characteristics led the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to classify F. tularensis as a Tier 1 pathogen. Currently, there is no vaccine approved for general use in the United States.
['Post|Deborah M B|DMB|', 'Slütter|Bram|B|', 'Schilling|Birgit|B|', 'Chande|Aroon T|AT|', 'Rasmussen|Jed A|JA|', 'Jones|Bradley D|BD|', "D'Souza|Alexandria K|AK|", 'Reinders|Lorri M|LM|', 'Harty|John T|JT|', 'Gibson|Bradford W|BW|', 'Apicella|Michael A|MA|']
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic D000818:Animals D001428:Bacterial Vaccines D004195:Disease Models, Animal D005604:Francisella tularensis D019344:Lactic Acid D008264:Macrophages D013058:Mass Spectrometry D008565:Membrane Proteins D051379:Mice D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C D053758:Nanoparticles D011070:Poly I-C D011100:Polyglycolic Acid D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer D040901:Proteomics D014406:Tularemia D014611:Vaccination D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated D022223:Vaccines, Subunit
outer membrane proteins Franscisella tularensis immunity inner membrane proteins proteomics