Multimodal imaging of poppers maculopathy.
PURPOSE
To describe a case of poppers maculopathy by means of multimodal imaging.


METHODS
A 26-year-old male presented to our Department in April 2018 with a history of visual disturbances. He underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and ultra-widefield fundus photograph.


RESULTS
At baseline, the patient presented a visual acuity of 20/25 Snellen bilaterally, with an altered foveal reflex on funduscopic examination. Structural optical coherence tomography showed disruption of the outer retinal layers in both eyes. After 6-month observation, the status of the outer retinal layers on optical coherence tomography and his vision (20/20) appeared improved. In this occasion, we performed optical coherence tomography angiography that revealed clear and persisting choriocapillaris alterations. Upon further interrogation, he admitted the episodic use of poppers, hence leading to the diagnosis.


CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that microvascular toxicity at the level of choriocapillaris may act as primary pathogenetic insult in poppers maculopathy.
['Romano|Francesco|F|', 'Arrigo|Alessandro|A|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4715-8414', 'Sperti|Andrea|A|', 'Bandello|Francesco|F|', 'Battaglia Parodi|Maurizio|M|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-7961']
D000328:Adult D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological D005451:Fluorescein Angiography D005584:Fovea Centralis D006801:Humans D013287:Illicit Drugs D008297:Male D064847:Multimodal Imaging D009887:Ophthalmoscopy D061848:Optical Imaging D012164:Retinal Diseases D012171:Retinal Vessels D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence D014786:Vision Disorders D014792:Visual Acuity
multimodal imaging Poppers maculopathy poppers optical coherence tomography angiography choriocapillaris