Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 As a Possible Neuroprotective Agent and Memory Enhancer-Its Comparative Expression, Processing and Signaling in Mammalian CNS.
A number of studies performed on rodents suggest that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) or its analogs may possibly be used for treating some conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, autistic spectrum disorders or aging-related cognitive impairment. Still, for translational research a comparative knowledge about the function of IGF-2 and related molecules in model organisms (rats and mice) and humans is necessary. There is a number of important differences in IGF-2 signaling between species. In the present review we emphasize species-specific patterns of IGF-2 expression in rodents, humans and some other mammals, using, among other sources, publicly available transcriptomic data. We provide a detailed description of Igf2 mRNA expression regulation and pre-pro-IGF-2 protein processing in different species. We also summarize the function of IGF-binding proteins. We describe three different receptors able to bind IGF-2 and discuss the role of IGF-2 signaling in learning and memory, as well as in neuroprotection. We hope that comprehensive understanding of similarities and differences in IGF-2 signaling between model organisms and humans will be useful for development of more effective medicines targeting IGF-2 receptors.
['Beletskiy|Alexander|A|', 'Chesnokova|Ekaterina|E|', 'Bal|Natalia|N|0000-0002-5894-9548']
D000544:Alzheimer Disease D000818:Animals D005786:Gene Expression Regulation D006801:Humans D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II D008568:Memory D051379:Mice D018696:Neuroprotective Agents D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational D051381:Rats D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 D015398:Signal Transduction
insulin-like growth factor 2 neuroprotection CNS IGF-binding proteins learning and memory IGF1R IGF2R/CI-M6P insulin receptor species-specific gene expression