Lysolipids in Vascular Development, Biology, and Disease.
Membrane phospholipid metabolism forms lysophospholipids, which possess unique biochemical and biophysical properties that influence membrane structure and dynamics. However, lysophospholipids also function as ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors that influence embryonic development, postnatal physiology, and disease. The 2 most well-studied species-lysophosphatidic acid and S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate)-are particularly relevant to vascular development, physiology, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the role of lysophosphatidic acid and S1P in vascular developmental processes, endothelial cell biology, and their roles in cardiovascular disease processes. In addition, we also point out the apparent connections between lysophospholipid biology and the Wnt (int/wingless family) pathway, an evolutionarily conserved fundamental developmental signaling system. The discovery that components of the lysophospholipid signaling system are key genetic determinants of cardiovascular disease has warranted current and future research in this field. As pharmacological approaches to modulate lysophospholipid signaling have entered the clinical sphere, new findings in this field promise to influence novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
['Engelbrecht|Eric|E|', 'MacRae|Calum A|CA|', 'Hla|Timothy|T|']
D000818:Animals D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases D002319:Cardiovascular System D042783:Endothelial Cells D006801:Humans D008024:Ligands D008246:Lysophospholipids D009024:Morphogenesis D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid D013110:Sphingosine D000081025:Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway
lysophospholipids embryonic development sphingosine cardiovascular diseases endothelial cells