Chest ultrasonography in patients with HIV: a case series and review of the literature.
INTRODUCTION
Pulmonary disease is common in HIV-infected patients. Diagnostic means, however, are often scarce in areas where most HIV patients are living. Chest ultrasonography has recently evolved as a highly sensitive and specific imaging tool for diagnosing chest conditions such as pneumothorax, pneumonia and pulmonary edema in critically ill patients. This article addresses the issue of imaging and differentiating common pulmonary conditions in HIV-infected patients by chest ultrasonography.


METHODS
We report chest ultrasound features of five different common pulmonary diseases in HIV-infected patients (bacterial pneumonia, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and review the respective literature.


CONCLUSIONS
We observed characteristic ultrasound patterns especially in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and pulmonary lymphoma. Further exploration of chest ultrasonography in HIV-infected patients appears promising and may translate into new diagnostic approaches for pulmonary conditions in patients living with HIV.
['Heuvelings|Charlotte C|CC|', 'Bélard|Sabine|S|', 'Janssen|Saskia|S|', 'Wallrauch|Claudia|C|', 'Grobusch|Martin P|MP|', 'Brunetti|Enrico|E|', 'Giordani|Maria Teresa|MT|', 'Heller|Tom|T|']
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections D015658:HIV Infections D006801:Humans D008171:Lung Diseases D013909:Thorax
Chest ultrasonography HIV Pulmonary Diagnostic imaging Infection Lung disease