Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry in preschool patients with orofacial clefts after neonatal cheiloplasty.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate facial asymmetry changes in pre-school patients with orofacial clefts after neonatal cheiloplasty and to compare facial asymmetry with age-matched healthy controls.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
The sample consisted of patients with unilateral cleft lip (UCL), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). The patients were divided in two age groups with a mean age of 3 years (n = 51) and 4.5 years (n = 45), respectively, and 78 age-matched individuals as controls. Three-dimensional (3D) facial scans were analyzed using geometric morphometry and multivariate statistics.


RESULTS
Geometric morphometry showed positive deviations from perfect symmetry on the right side of the forehead in the intervention groups and the controls. The UCL groups showed the greatest asymmetric nasolabial area on the cleft-side labia and the contralateral nasal tip. The UCLP group showed, moreover, asymmetry in buccal region due to typical maxillar hypoplasia, which was accentuated in the older group. The BCLP groups showed slightly similar but greater asymmetry than the control groups, except for the philtrum region.


CONCLUSIONS
Asymmetry of each of the cleft groups significantly differed from the controls. Except for the buccal region in the UCLP and BCLP groups, asymmetry did not significantly increase with age.
['Moslerová|Veronika|V|', 'Dadáková|Martina|M|', 'Dupej|Ján|J|', 'Hoffmannova|Eva|E|', 'Borský|Jiří|J|', 'Černý|Miloš|M|', 'Bejda|Přemysl|P|', 'Kočandrlová|Karolína|K|', 'Velemínská|Jana|J|']
D002648:Child D002675:Child, Preschool D002971:Cleft Lip D002972:Cleft Palate D005145:Face D005146:Facial Asymmetry D005260:Female D006801:Humans D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional D007223:Infant D007231:Infant, Newborn D008046:Lip D008297:Male D019651:Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Asymmetry Cleft Neonatal cheiloplasty Geometric morphometry 3D scanning