Loss of control of alcohol use and severity of alcohol dependence in non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers are related to lower glutamate in frontal white matter.
BACKGROUND
The development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders (AUD) have been hypothesized to be associated with an imbalance of glutamate (GLU) homeostasis. White matter (WM) loss, especially in anterior brain regions, has been reported in alcohol dependence, which may involve disturbances in both myelin and axonal integrity. Frontal lobe dysfunction plays an important role in addiction, because it is suggested to be associated with the loss of control over substance use. This study investigated magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-detectable Glu levels in frontal WM of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers and its associations with AUD symptoms.


METHODS
Single-voxel MR spectra optimized for Glu assessment (TE 80 ms) were acquired at 3T from a frontal WM voxel in a group of heavy drinking, non-treatment-seeking subjects in comparison with a group of subjects with only light alcohol consumption.


RESULTS
The results corroborate previous findings of increased total choline in heavy drinking subjects. A negative association of Glu levels with severity of alcohol dependence and especially loss of control over time and amount of alcohol intake was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to the rather unspecific rise in choline-containing compounds, low Glu in frontal WM may be specific for the shift from nondependent heavy drinking to dependence and does not reflect a simple effect of the amount of alcohol consumption alone.
['Ende|Gabriele|G|', 'Hermann|Derik|D|', 'Demirakca|Traute|T|', 'Hoerst|Mareen|M|', 'Tunc-Skarka|Nuran|N|', 'Weber-Fahr|Wolfgang|W|', 'Wichert|Svenja|S|', 'Rabinstein|Juri|J|', 'Frischknecht|Ulrich|U|', 'Mann|Karl|K|', 'Vollstädt-Klein|Sabine|S|']
D000328:Adult D000428:Alcohol Drinking D000437:Alcoholism D015415:Biomarkers D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders D005260:Female D005625:Frontal Lobe D018698:Glutamic Acid D006801:Humans D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated D012720:Severity of Illness Index
Loss of Control Alcohol Dependence Glutamate Frontal White Matter Heavy Drinking Choline-Containing Compounds