In vitro fermentation of hyaluronan by human gut microbiota: Changes in microbiota community and potential degradation mechanism.
Hyaluronan (HA) has been widely used as a dietary supplement which can be degraded by gut microbiota. However, the interactions between HA and gut microbiota have not been fully characterized. Here, using an in vitro system, we found that HA is readily fermented by human gut microbiota but with differing fermentative activities among individuals. HA-fermentation boosted Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Dialister spp., Faecalibacterium spp. and produced a significant amount of acetate, propionate and butyrate. Fermentation products profiling indicated that HA could be degraded into unsaturated even-numbered and saturated odd-numbered oligosaccharides. Further, polysaccharide lyases (PLs) and glycoside hydrolases (GHs) including GH88, PL8, PL29, PL35 and PL33 were identified from B. ovatus E3, which can help to explain the structure of the fermentation products. Collectively, our study sheds new light into the metabolism of HA and forms the basis for understanding the bioavailability of HA from a gut microbiota perspective.
['Pan|Lin|L|', 'Ai|Xuze|X|', 'Fu|Tianyu|T|', 'Ren|Li|L|', 'Shang|Qingsen|Q|', 'Li|Guoyun|G|', 'Yu|Guangli|G|']
D000328:Adult D001419:Bacteria D001426:Bacterial Proteins D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile D005243:Feces D005260:Female D005285:Fermentation D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases D006801:Humans D006820:Hyaluronic Acid D008297:Male D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases
Hyaluronan Gut microbiota Bacteroides ovatus Bacteroides xylanisolvens Hyaluronan degradation enzymes