Perspective and Potential of A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside which is an effective controller of inflammation. The inflammatory effect of adenosine is expressed via its four receptor subtypes viz. A1, A2A, A2B and A3. The various inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are initiated by adenosine receptors of which A2A and A3 play a vital role. RA primarily is an auto-immune disorder which is manifested as chronic inflammation in the synovial lining of joints. In order to develop an effective treatment, the role of cytokines, IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6 is crucial. Besides, the knowledge of PI3K-PKB/Akt and NF-kB signaling pathway is also important to understand the antiinflammatory targets. Methotrexate along with various other molecules like, NSAIDs and DMARDs are presently used as treatment lines for controlling RA. The enhanced knowledge of the preclinical stages and pathogenesis along with recent potent therapeutics raises the hopes that RA can be prevented in the near future.
['Pal|Yogendra|Y|', 'Bandyopadhyay|Nabamita|N|', 'Pal|Rashmi S|RS|', 'Ahmed|Sarfaraz|S|', 'Bandopadhyay|Shantanu|S|']
D000241:Adenosine D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists D018501:Antirheumatic Agents D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid D006801:Humans D008727:Methotrexate D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3 D015398:Signal Transduction
Inflammation cytokines TNF-α GPCR cAMP signaling pathway.