Changes in antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements during cattle manure composting after inoculation with Bacillus subtilis.
This study explored the effects of Bacillus subtilis at four levels (0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/w compost) on the variations in ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and the bacterial community during composting. The composting process had a greater impact on ARGs than Bacillus subtilis. The main ARG detected was sul1. The addition of Bacillus subtilis at 0.5% reduced the relative abundances of ARGs, MGEs, and human pathogenic bacteria (by 2-3 logs) in the mature products. Network and redundancy analyses suggested that intI1, Firmicutes, and pH were mainly responsible for the changes in ARGs, thus controlling these factors might help to inhibit the spread of ARGs.
['Duan|Manli|M|', 'Zhang|Yuhua|Y|', 'Zhou|Beibei|B|', 'Wang|Quanjiu|Q|', 'Gu|Jie|J|', 'Liu|Guohuan|G|', 'Qin|Zhenlun|Z|', 'Li|Zhijian|Z|']
D000818:Animals D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents D001412:Bacillus subtilis D002417:Cattle D000076282:Composting D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial D005798:Genes, Bacterial D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences D008372:Manure
Antibiotic resistance gene Composting Bacillus subtilis Bacterial community intI1