Association Between Passive Smoking and the Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 in Korean Women.
BACKGROUND
The role of passive smoking on cervical carcinogenesis remains controversial. We investigated the association of passive smoking with the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer.


METHODS
The study recruited 1,322 women, aged 18-65 with normal cytology (n = 592), CIN1 (n = 420), CIN2/3 (n = 165), and cervical cancer (n = 145) from 2006 to 2009. This study is a cross-sectional analysis using the baseline data from the Korean human papillomavirus (HPV) cohort study. Detailed information on smoking behaviors and lifestyles were collected using questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs).


RESULTS
Passive smoking was not statistically related to the risk of CINs and cervical cancer. However, passive smoking among non-smokers was associated with higher CIN 1 risk (OR 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.18), compared to not passive smoking, after adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyles, and oncogenic-HPV infection status. CIN 1 risk increased with longer time exposed to passive smoking (P for trend <0.0003). Multivariate odds of <2 hours/day of passive smoking and that of ≥2 hours/day of passive smoking were 2.48 (95% CI, 1.49-4.14) and 2.28 (95% CI, 1.21-4.26) for CIN 1, compared to not passive smoking.


CONCLUSIONS
This study found that passive smoking among non-smoking women is associated with the risk of CIN 1.
['Min|Kyung-Jin|KJ|', 'Lee|Jae-Kwan|JK|', 'So|Kyeong A|KA|', 'Kim|Mi Kyung|MK|http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-4162']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D018290:Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia D015331:Cohort Studies D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008875:Middle Aged D056910:Republic of Korea D012307:Risk Factors D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms D055815:Young Adult
passive smoking smoking cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cervical cancer