Insight into Discovery of Next Generation Reversible TMLR Inhibitors Targeting EGFR Activating and Drug Resistant T790M Mutants.
BACKGROUND
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-recognised drug target exploited for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib and erlotinib are first generation clinically employed inhibitors used against EGFR activating mutants. However, during course of treatment these inhibitors become ineffective due to the emergence of an acquired secondary mutation. Subsequently, in order to overcome non-responsiveness second and third generation inhibitors were designed having covalent bond and irreversible mode of action. However, these inhibitors were shown to be toxic. This led to the discovery of lead candidates with completely different mode of action and therapeutic efficacy.


OBJECTIVE
We have reviewed the recent efforts undertaken by researchers in discovering newer noncovalent reversible next generation inhibitors for treating NSCLC.


METHODS
We first studied the optimization steps and pharmacokinetic variables of the synthesised molecules. We also analysed bonds and interactions using PDB X-ray crystal structures as well as scaffold and selectivity analysis was undertaken.


RESULTS
We identified that ligand lipophilic efficiency driven potency is a preferable optimisation parameter for maintaining drug likeliness of the molecule. Also, few h-bonds were recognised as major players in affecting the binding of compound. The scaffold analysis revealed that ligand molecules with pyrimidine core exhibit higher inhibitory activity against TMLR, as well as higher selectivity with respect to other kinases.


CONCLUSION
Next generation reversible inhibitors exhibited unique binding mode and were found to occupy three major pockets (ribose pocket, back pocket and hinge region), which is critical for increasing the selectivity of the compound against TMLR mutants.
['Agarwal|Subhash Mohan|SM|', 'Pal|Divyani|D|', 'Gupta|Mansi|M|', 'Saini|Ravi|R|']
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents D001665:Binding Sites D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung D055808:Drug Discovery D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm D066246:ErbB Receptors D000077156:Gefitinib D006801:Humans D008175:Lung Neoplasms D009154:Mutation D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors D011687:Purines D011728:Pyridones D011743:Pyrimidines D011799:Quinazolines D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
TMLR inhibitors EGFR reversible inhibitors activating mutation covalent inhibitors secondary mutant