COVID-19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis.
BACKGROUND
At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus tentatively named SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, a central city in China, was announced by the World Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that has become a major public health concern after the outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and 2012, respectively. As of 29 October 2020, the total number of COVID-19 cases had reached over 44 million worldwide, with more than 1.17 million confirmed deaths.


DISCUSSION
SARS-CoV-2 infected patients usually present with severe viral pneumonia. Similar to SARS-CoV, the virus enters respiratory tract cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor 2. The structural proteins play an essential role in budding the virus particles released from different host cells. To date, an approved vaccine or treatment option of a preventive character to avoid severe courses of COVID-19 is still not available.


CONCLUSIONS
In the present study, we provide a brief review of the general biological features of CoVs and explain the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and diagnostic approaches regarding monitoring future infectivity and prevent emerging COVID-19 infections.
['Mohamadian|Malihe|M|0000-0001-6255-5376', 'Chiti|Hossein|H|', 'Shoghli|Alireza|A|', 'Biglari|Sajjad|S|', 'Parsamanesh|Negin|N|0000-0002-1925-9165', 'Esmaeilzadeh|Abdolreza|A|']
D000086382:COVID-19 D000087123:COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing D006801:Humans D046228:Microarray Analysis D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction D000086402:SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus pathogenesis diagnostic methods genome structure