Prevalence and correlates of mitral annular calcification in adults with chronic kidney disease: Results from CRIC study.
BACKGROUND
Risk factors for mitral annular calcification (MAC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) demonstrate significant overlap in the general population. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there are independent relationships between MAC and demographics, traditional and novel CVD risk factors using cardiac CT in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) in a cross-sectional study.


METHODS
A sample of 2070 subjects underwent coronary calcium scanning during the CRIC study. Data were obtained for each participant at time of scan.


SUBJECTS
were dichotomized into the presence and absence of MAC. Differences in baseline demographic and transitional risk factor data were evaluated across groups. Covariates used in multivariable adjustment were age, gender, BMI, HDL, LDL, lipid lowering medications, smoking status, family history of heart attack, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, phosphate, PTH, albuminuria, and calcium.


RESULTS
Our study consisted of 2070 subjects, of which 331 had MAC (prevalence of 16.0%). The mean MAC score was 511.98 (SD 1368.76). Age and white race remained independently associated with presence of MAC. Decreased GFR was also a risk factor. African American and Hispanic race, as well as former smoking status were protective against MAC. In multivariable adjusted analyses, the remaining covariates were not significantly associated with MAC. Among renal covariates, elevated phosphate was significant.


CONCLUSION
In the CRIC population, presence of MAC was independently associated with age, Caucasian race, decreased GFR, and elevated phosphate. These results are suggested by mechanisms of dysregulation of inflammation, hormones, and electrolytes in subjects with renal disease.
['Abd Alamir|Moshrik|M|', 'Radulescu|Vlad|V|', 'Goyfman|Michael|M|', 'Mohler|Emile R|ER|', 'Gao|Yan Lin|YL|', 'Budoff|Matthew J|MJ|', '|||']
D000367:Age Factors D000368:Aged D000419:Albuminuria D002114:Calcinosis D002118:Calcium D015331:Cohort Studies D015897:Comorbidity D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D003920:Diabetes Mellitus D050171:Dyslipidemias D005006:Ethnicity D005260:Female D006349:Heart Valve Diseases D006801:Humans D006973:Hypertension D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D008943:Mitral Valve D009765:Obesity D010281:Parathyroid Hormone D010710:Phosphates D015995:Prevalence D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic D012307:Risk Factors D012737:Sex Factors D012907:Smoking D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Mitral annular calcification Cardiac computed tomographic angiography Coronary atherosclerosis