A prospective case-control study on the association of Rhinovirus nasopharyngeal viral load and viremia in South African children hospitalized with severe pneumonia.
Rhinovirus (RV) role in pathogenesis of severe childhood disease remains controversial. We aimed to explore the association between RV molecular subtyping, nasopharyngeal viral loads and viremia with childhood pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal and blood samples from cases and controls were tested for RV and the 5' non-coding region sequenced. The cases compared to controls had a similar prevalence of RV detection in the nasopharynx (23 % vs. 22 %, P = 0.66), similar RV species distribution (A, B, C = 44 %, 8%, 44 % vs. 48 %, 7%, 38 %; respectively; P = 0.66) and similar viral load (4.0 and 3.7 log10 copies/mL, P = 0.062). However, RV-viremia was 4.01-fold (aOR 95 % CI: 1.26-12.78) more prevalent among cases (7%) than controls (2%), P = 0.019. Furthermore, among cases and controls RV-C was more commonly associated with viremia (14 % and 4%, P = 0.023), than RV-A (2% and 1%; P = 0.529). Thus RV-viremia could be used as a measure for attributing causality to RV in children hospitalized for pneumonia.
['Baillie|Vicky L|VL|', 'Moore|David P|DP|', 'Mathunjwa|Azwifarwi|A|', 'Morailane|Palesa|P|', 'Simões|Eric A F|EAF|', 'Madhi|Shabir A|SA|']
D016022:Case-Control Studies D005260:Female D006760:Hospitalization D006801:Humans D007223:Infant D008297:Male D009305:Nasopharynx D010850:Picornaviridae Infections D011024:Pneumonia, Viral D015995:Prevalence D011446:Prospective Studies D012367:RNA, Viral D012229:Rhinovirus D013019:South Africa D019562:Viral Load D014766:Viremia
Rhinovirus Viral load Viremia Children Pneumonia Molecular epidemiology