Effects of Pacap on Schwann Cells: Focus on Nerve Injury.
Schwann cells, the most abundant glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, represent the key players able to supply extracellular microenvironment for axonal regrowth and restoration of myelin sheaths on regenerating axons. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells respond adaptively to damage by acquiring a new phenotype. In particular, some of them localize in the distal stump to form the Bungner band, a regeneration track in the distal site of the injured nerve, whereas others produce cytokines involved in recruitment of macrophages infiltrating into the nerve damaged area for axonal and myelin debris clearance. Several neurotrophic factors, including pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), promote survival and axonal elongation of injured neurons. The present review summarizes the evidence existing in the literature demonstrating the autocrine and/or paracrine action exerted by PACAP to promote remyelination and ameliorate the peripheral nerve inflammatory response following nerve injury.
['Maugeri|Grazia|G|', "D'Amico|Agata Grazia|AG|", 'Musumeci|Giuseppe|G|0000-0002-8260-8890', 'Reglodi|Dora|D|', "D'Agata|Velia|V|0000-0003-1114-8265"]
D000818:Animals D001369:Axons D002470:Cell Survival D006801:Humans D009186:Myelin Sheath D009412:Nerve Fibers D009416:Nerve Regeneration D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries D010525:Peripheral Nerves D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide D012583:Schwann Cells D020196:Trauma, Nervous System
PACAP Schwann cells peripheral nervous system regeneration neuroprotection