Diagnostic Approaches to Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Site.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arise from cells of neuronal and endocrine differentiation. While they are a rare entity, an increasing proportion of patients with NEN present with metastatic disease and no evident primary site using routine imaging or histopathology. NENs of unknown primary site have a poorer prognosis, often due to the challenge of selecting appropriate evidence-based management. We review the available literature and guidelines for the management of NENs of unknown primary site including clinical features, biochemical tests, histopathology, imaging, surgical exploration and localised and systemic treatments. We also discuss novel molecular techniques currently under investigation to aid primary site identification.
['Berner|Alison May|AM|', 'Pipinikas|Christodoulos|C|', 'Ryan|Anna|A|', 'Dibra|Harpreet|H|', 'Moghul|Ismail|I|', 'Webster|Amy|A|', 'Luong|Tu Vinh|TV|', 'Thirlwell|Christina|C|']
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor D003952:Diagnostic Imaging D003940:Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine D006801:Humans D008495:Medical Oncology D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms
Neuroendocrine neoplasm Unknown primary Imaging Molecular Diagnosis Immunohistochemistry Neuroendocrine tumour