Corytophanids Replaced the Pleurodont XY System with a New Pair of XY Chromosomes.
Almost all lizard families in the pleurodont clade share the same XY system. This system was meticulously studied in Anolis carolinensis, where it shows a highly degenerated Y chromosome and a male-specific X chromosome dosage compensation mechanism. Corytophanids (casque-headed lizards) have been proposed as the only family in the pleurodont clade to lack the XY system. In this study, we worked with extensive genomic and transcriptomic data from Basiliscus vittatus, a member of the Corytophanidae family that inhabits the tropical rainforests of Mexico. We confirmed that B. vittatus underwent a sex chromosome system turnover, which consisted in the loss of the pleurodont XY system and the gain of a new pair of XY chromosomes that are orthologous to chicken chromosome 17. We estimated the origin of the sex chromosome system to have occurred ∼63 Ma in the ancestor of corytophanids. Moreover, we identified 12 XY gametologues with particular attributes, such as functions related to the membrane and intracellular trafficking, very low expression levels, blood specificity, and incomplete dosage compensation in males.
['Acosta|Armando|A|', 'Suárez-Varón|Gabriel|G|', 'Rodríguez-Miranda|Luis A|LA|', 'Lira-Noriega|Andrés|A|', 'Aguilar-Gómez|Diana|D|', 'Gutiérrez-Mariscal|Mariana|M|', 'Hernández-Gallegos|Oswaldo|O|', 'Méndez-de-la-Cruz|Fausto|F|', 'Cortez|Diego|D|']
D000818:Animals D005260:Female D020869:Gene Expression Profiling D008116:Lizards D008297:Male D010802:Phylogeny D012730:Sex Chromosomes D019849:Sex Determination Processes D059467:Transcriptome
XY chromosomes casque-headed lizards Basiliscus vittatus sex chromosome system turnovers sex chromosome evolution