Examining mechanisms of change in a yoga intervention for women: the influence of mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and emotion regulation on PTSD symptoms.
OBJECTIVE
This study explored possible mechanisms through which symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were reduced in a randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of a yoga intervention with an assessment control.


METHOD
We examined whether changes in psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and emotion regulation strategies (expressive suppression and reappraisal) were associated with posttreatment PTSD symptoms for 38 women with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition full or subthreshold PTSD.


RESULTS
Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that expressive suppression significantly decreased for the yoga group relative to the assessment control. Psychological flexibility increased significantly for the control but not yoga group. However, increases in psychological flexibility were associated with decreases in PTSD symptoms for the yoga but not control group.


CONCLUSION
Preliminary findings suggest that yoga may reduce expressive suppression and may improve PTSD symptoms by increasing psychological flexibility. More research is needed to replicate and extend these findings.
['Dick|Alexandra M|AM|', 'Niles|Barbara L|BL|', 'Street|Amy E|AE|', 'DiMartino|Dawn M|DM|', 'Mitchell|Karen S|KS|']
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D004644:Emotions D005260:Female D006801:Humans D016014:Linear Models D008875:Middle Aged D064866:Mindfulness D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D014481:United States D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs D016387:Women's Health D015013:Yoga D055815:Young Adult
yoga mindfulness emotion regulation PTSD acceptance complementary and alternative medicine