Covid-19 interface with drug misuse and substance use disorders.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic intensified the already catastrophic drug overdose and substance use disorder (SUD) epidemic, signaling a syndemic as social isolation, economic and mental health distress, and disrupted treatment services disproportionally impacted this vulnerable population. Along with these social and societal factors, biological factors triggered by intense stress intertwined with incumbent overactivity of the immune system and the resulting inflammatory outcomes may impact the functional status of the central nervous system (CNS). We review the literature concerning SARS-CoV2 infiltration and infection in the CNS and the prospects of synergy between stress, inflammation, and kynurenine pathway function during illness and recovery from Covid-19. Taken together, inflammation and neuroimmune signaling, a consequence of Covid-19 infection, may dysregulate critical pathways and underlie maladaptive changes in the CNS, to exacerbate the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms and in the vulnerability to develop SUD. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
['Cisneros|I E|IE|', 'Cunningham|K A|KA|']
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 D000818:Animals D001369:Axons D000086382:COVID-19 D015897:Comorbidity D004198:Disease Susceptibility D000076064:Drug Misuse D042783:Endothelial Cells D006801:Humans D007113:Immunity, Innate D007249:Inflammation D007737:Kynurenine D009474:Neurons D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents D009831:Olfactory Mucosa D058873:Pandemics D000086402:SARS-CoV-2 D012934:Social Isolation D013315:Stress, Psychological D019966:Substance-Related Disorders D014364:Tryptophan D056189:Viral Tropism
Substance use disorders Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) Central nervous system SARS-CoV2 Inflammation Host immune responses