Optimization of Vacuum-Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Natural Polyphenols and Flavonoids from Raw Solid Waste of the Orange Juice Producing Industry at Industrial Scale.
Orange pomace (OP) is a solid waste produced in bulk as a byproduct of the orange juice industry and accounts for approximately 50% of the quantity of the fruits processed into juice. In numerous literature references there is information about diverse uses of orange pomace for the production of high-added-value products including production of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts rich in polyphenols and flavonoids which can substitute the hazardous chemical antioxidants/antimicrobials used in agro-food and cosmetics sectors. In this work and for the first time, according to our knowledge, the eco-friendly aqueous vacuum microwave assisted extraction of orange pomace was investigated and optimized at real industrial scale in order to produce aqueous antioxidant/antimicrobial extracts. A Response Surface Optimization methodology with a multipoint historical data experimental design was employed to obtain the optimal values of the process parameters in order to achieve the maximum rates of extraction of OP total polyphenols and/or total flavonoids for economically optimum production at industrial scale. The three factors used for the optimization were: (a) microwave power (b) water to raw pomace ratio and (c) extraction time. Moreover, the effectiveness and statistical soundness of the derived cubic polynomial predictive models were verified by ANOVA.
['Petrotos|Konstantinos|K|', 'Giavasis|Ioannis|I|0000-0001-9066-1627', 'Gerasopoulos|Konstantinos|K|', 'Mitsagga|Chrysanthi|C|', 'Papaioannou|Chryssoula|C|', 'Gkoutsidis|Paschalis|P|']
D005591:Chemical Fractionation D032084:Citrus sinensis D005419:Flavonoids D005525:Food-Processing Industry D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices D008872:Microwaves D010936:Plant Extracts D059808:Polyphenols D062611:Solid Waste D014618:Vacuum
polyphenols flavonoids orange pomace response surface optimization historical data design industrial scale optimization vacuum-microwave-assisted extraction (VMAE)