Carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan: A study of biocompatibility, antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Chemical modification of polysaccharides is an important route to enhance, develop or change polysaccharide properties. In this study, carboxymethylation of kappa-carrageenan (KC) with monochloroacetic acid was performed to achieve different degrees of substitution (DS) of carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan (CMKC). The degree of substitution ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 and was calculated from the 1H NMR spectra. The chemical structure of the CMKCs was further characterized by FT-IR, and 13C NMR. FT-IR confirmed the carboxymethylation. Carboxymethylation increased viscosity of KC in water and decreased viscosity of KC in synthetic human sweat. Tests with human adipose derived stem cells showed higher viability and lower cytotoxicity for CMKCs when compared to KC. CMKCs showed no hemolytic activity to human red blood cells. CMKCs have increased antioxidant activity compared to KC. In antibacterial assays, CMKCs with DS of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 exhibited growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CMKC with DS ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 are good candidate biomaterials for cell-contacting applications.
['Madruga|Liszt Y C|LYC|', 'Sabino|Roberta M|RM|', 'Santos|Elizabeth C G|ECG|', 'Popat|Ketul C|KC|', 'Balaban|Rosangela de C|RC|', 'Kipper|Matt J|MJ|']
D000085:Acetates D017667:Adipocytes D000273:Adipose Tissue D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents D000975:Antioxidants D001409:Bacillus cereus D001672:Biocompatible Materials D002351:Carrageenan D002470:Cell Survival D004926:Escherichia coli D016166:Free Radical Scavengers D006461:Hemolysis D006801:Humans D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests D011108:Polymers D011134:Polysaccharides D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa D012212:Rheology D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared D013211:Staphylococcus aureus D013234:Stem Cells
Carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan Biocompatibility Antibacterial activity Viscosity DPPH Hemolysis