Dietary patterns associated with overweight and obesity among Brazilian schoolchildren: an approach based on the time-of-day of eating events.
Several studies reported that the timing of eating events has critical implications in the prevention of obesity, but dietary patterns regarding the time-of-day have not been explored in children. The aim of this study was to derive latent food patterns of daily eating events and to examine their associations with overweight/obesity among schoolchildren. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 7-10-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren (n 1232) who completed the Previous Day Food Questionnaire, illustrated with twenty-one foods/beverages in six daily eating events. Latent class analysis was used to derive dietary patterns whose association with child weight status was evaluated by multivariate multinomial regression. Four mutually exclusive latent classes of dietary patterns were identified and labelled according to the time-of-day of eating events and food intake probability (FIP): (A) higher FIP only at lunch; (B) lower FIP at all eating events; (C) higher FIP at lunch, afternoon and evening snacks; (D) lower FIP at breakfast and at evening snack, higher FIP at other meals/snacks. The percentages of children within these classes were 32·3, 48·6, 15·1 and 4·0 %, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, the mean probabilities of obesity for these classes were 6 % (95 % CI 3·0, 9·0), 13 % (95 % CI 9·0, 17·0), 12 % (95 % CI 6·0, 19) and 11 % (95 % CI 5·0, 17·0), in the same order. In conclusion, the children eating traditional lunch with rice and beans as the main meal of the day (class A) had the lowest obesity risk, thus reinforcing the importance of both the food type and the time-of-day of its intake for weight status.
['Kupek|Emil|E|', 'Lobo|Adriana S|AS|', 'Leal|Danielle B|DB|', 'Bellisle|France|F|', 'de Assis|Maria Alice A|MA|']
D015992:Body Mass Index D001938:Brazil D002648:Child D002652:Child Behavior D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D004032:Diet D005247:Feeding Behavior D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008297:Male D062407:Meals D009749:Nutrition Surveys D050177:Overweight D063766:Pediatric Obesity D015995:Prevalence D012306:Risk D012574:Schools D062410:Snacks D013223:Statistics as Topic D013997:Time Factors D014504:Urban Health
Time-of-day Eating events Latent class analysis DP dietary patterns FIP food intake probability LCA latent class analysis PDFQ-3 third version of the Previous Day Food Questionnaire Childhood obesity Children’s dietary patterns