Estimation on local transmission of malaria by serological approach under low transmission setting in Myanmar.
BACKGROUND
As the prevalence of the malaria has been decreasing in many endemic countries including Myanmar, malaria elimination in Greater Mekong Region was targeted not later than 2030. The relevance of molecular and serological tools to identify residual transmission remains to be established in this setting.


METHODS
One-year cohort study was conducted and sera samples were collected in every 3 months with active and passive case detection for clinical malaria episodes by RDT, microscopy and molecular method. The sera were used to detect the malaria antibody against PfMSP1-19, PvAMA1, PvDBPII and PvMSP1-19 by protein microarray.


RESULTS
Among the recruited 1182 participants, there was no RDT positive case for malaria infection although two vivax infections were detected by microscopy in initial collection. Molecular methods detected the asymptomatic cases of 28/1182 (2.37%) in first, 5/894 (0.42%) in second, 12/944 (1.02%) in third, 6/889 (0.51%) in fourth collection, respectively. Seropositivity rates against the PfMSP1-19, PvMSP1-19, PvAMA1 and PvDBPII were 73/270 (27.0%), 85/270 (31.5%), 65/270 (24.1%) and 160/270 (59.3%), respectively. PfMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-19 showed high and stable antigenicity in acute and subacute samples but declining in 1-year history samples. No cross reactivity of PfMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-19 between the two species and higher seropositivity among the asymptomatic carriers were observed. Mapping data indicated serological surveillance can detect the geographical pattern of malaria infection under low transmission setting.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings support that PfMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-19 are suggested for serosurveillance of the malaria especially in low transmission setting for further necessary actions have to be carried out to eliminate the malaria.
['Nyunt|Myat Htut|MH|', 'Soe|Than Naing|TN|', 'Shein|Thinzar|T|', 'Zaw|Ni Ni|NN|', 'Han|Soe Soe|SS|', 'Muh|Fauzi|F|', 'Lee|Seong-Kyun|SK|', 'Han|Jin-Hee|JH|', 'Park|Ji-Hoon|JH|', 'Ha|Kwon-Soo|KS|', 'Park|Won Sun|WS|', 'Hong|Seok-Ho|SH|', 'Kyaw|Myat Phone|MP|', 'Han|Eun-Taek|ET|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan D002353:Carrier State D002846:Chromatography, Affinity D015331:Cohort Studies D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring D005260:Female D005500:Follow-Up Studies D006801:Humans D008137:Longitudinal Studies D008288:Malaria D008297:Male D046228:Microarray Analysis D008853:Microscopy D008875:Middle Aged D002052:Myanmar D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction D015995:Prevalence D040081:Protein Array Analysis D012698:Serologic Tests D055815:Young Adult
Malaria Myanmar Asymptomatic cases Serological surveillance