Changes in the Morphology, Number, and Pathological Protein Levels of Plasma Exosomes May Help Diagnose Alzheimer's Disease.
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that are secreted by cells and usually found in body fluids. Since they freely cross the blood-brain barrier, neuronal exosomes respond directly to changes in the brain's environment. Recent studies have shown that exosomes contain both amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins and have a controversial role in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) process. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of P-S396-tau and Aβ1-42 in plasma exosomes. We found that levels of P-S396-tau and Aβ1-42 in plasma exosomes of AD patients were significantly higher compared to those in matched healthy controls. The difference between plasma exosomes of AD patients and those of matched healthy controls was determined using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Exosomes from AD patients were smaller and lower in quantity. These data together may provide a basis for early diagnosis of AD.
['Sun|Ruihua|R|', 'Wang|Huayuan|H|', 'Shi|Yingying|Y|', 'Sun|Zhikun|Z|', 'Jiang|Haisong|H|', 'Zhang|Jiewen|J|']
D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D000544:Alzheimer Disease D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides D015415:Biomarkers D001921:Brain D055354:Exosomes D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D010446:Peptide Fragments D016875:tau Proteins
pathological protein plasma exosomes transmission electron microscopy nanoparticle tracking analysis Alzheimer’s disease