Can influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers influence the risk of nosocomial influenza-like illness in hospitalized patients?
BACKGROUND
Approximately 20% of healthcare workers are infected with influenza each year, causing nosocomial outbreaks and staff shortages. Despite influenza vaccination of healthcare workers representing the most effective preventive strategy, coverage remains low.


AIM
To analyse the risk of nosocomial influenza-like illness (NILI) among patients admitted to an acute care hospital in relation to influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers.


METHODS
Data collected over seven consecutive influenza seasons (2005-2012) in an Italian acute care hospital were analysed retrospectively. Three different sources of data were used: hospital discharge records; influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers; and incidence of ILI in the general population. Clinical modification codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 9(th) Revision were used to define NILI.


FINDINGS
Overall, 62,343 hospitalized patients were included in the study, 185 (0.03%) of whom were identified as NILI cases. Over the study period, influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers decreased from 13.2% to 3.1% (P < 0.001), whereas the frequency of NILI in hospitalized patients increased from 1.1‰ to 5.7‰ (P < 0.001). A significant inverse association was observed between influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers and rate of NILI among patients (adjusted odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.94-0.99).


CONCLUSION
Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers could reduce the risk of NILI in patients hospitalized in acute hospitals. This study offers a reliable and cost-saving methodology that could help hospital management to assess and make known the benefits of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers.
['Amodio|E|E|', 'Restivo|V|V|', 'Firenze|A|A|', 'Mammina|C|C|', 'Tramuto|F|F|', 'Vitale|F|F|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D003428:Cross Infection D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D005260:Female D006282:Health Personnel D006801:Humans D017053:Infection Control D007252:Influenza Vaccines D007251:Influenza, Human D007558:Italy D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D012189:Retrospective Studies D018570:Risk Assessment D014611:Vaccination D055815:Young Adult
Influenza vaccination Healthcare workers Infection control Nosocomial influenza