Dietary and supplemental antioxidant intake and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in older men: The concord health and ageing in men project.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The role of antioxidant intake in cardiovascular disease remains inconclusive. This study evaluates the association between antioxidant intake and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among older Australian men.


METHODS AND RESULTS
794 men aged ≥75 years participated in the 3rd wave of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Dietary adequacy of antioxidant intake was assessed by comparing participants' intake of vitamins A, E, C and zinc to the Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) for Australia. Attainment of NRVs of antioxidants was categorised into a dichotomised variable 'inadequate' (meeting≤2 of 4 antioxidants) or 'adequate' (meeting≥3 of 4 antioxidants). The usage of antioxidant supplements was assessed. The outcome measure was MACE. The composite MACE endpoint was defined as having one of the following: death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, congestive cardiac failure (CCF), and revascularization during the period of observation. There was no significant association between dietary (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.48) or supplemental antioxidant intake (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.63) and overall MACE. However, a significant association was observed between inadequate antioxidant intake and CCF (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.50). The lowest quartile of zinc intake (<11.00 mg/d) was significantly associated with CCF (HR 2.36; 95% CI: 1.04, 5.34). None of the other antioxidants were significantly associated with CCF or other MACE components.


CONCLUSION
Inadequate dietary antioxidant intake, particularly zinc, is associated with increased risk of CCF in older Australian men but not associated with overall MACE.
['Das|Arpita|A|', 'Cumming|Robert G|RG|', 'Naganathan|Vasi|V|', 'Blyth|Fiona|F|', 'Le Couteur|David G|DG|', 'Handelsman|David J|DJ|', 'Waite|Louise M|LM|', 'Ribeiro|Rosilene V R|RVR|', 'Simpson|Stephen J|SJ|', 'Hirani|Vasant|V|']
D000367:Age Factors D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D000975:Antioxidants D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases D000072001:Diet, Healthy D019587:Dietary Supplements D000073656:Healthy Aging D000082742:Heart Disease Risk Factors D006801:Humans D008297:Male D054526:Men's Health D009517:New South Wales D009752:Nutritional Status D011379:Prognosis D011446:Prospective Studies D065840:Protective Factors D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances D018570:Risk Assessment D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior D012737:Sex Factors D013997:Time Factors D015032:Zinc
Antioxidant Zinc Congestive cardiac failure