The prevalence of metabolic syndrome components, individually and in combination, in male patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome, without previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
BACKGROUND
Mortality from cardiovascular disease in the Middle East is projected to increase substantially in the coming decades. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) continues to raise interest, but data from the Middle East is limited, especially in non-diabetic patients. This study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of MS and frequency of its components, individually and in combination, in a male population presenting with ACS, but without a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM).


METHODS
This is a prospective study of 467 consecutive male patients hospitalized for ACS. They were categorized according to the specific criteria stated in the latest joint statement for the global definition of MS.


RESULTS
The mean age was (49.7±10.7 years). Of the 467 patients, 324 (69.4%) fulfilled the criteria for MS. ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) was identified in 178 patients (54.9%), and non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) in 146 patients (45.1%). These proportions were not significantly different from those without MS (STEMI 51.7% vs. NSTE-ACS 48.3%, respectively). However, patients with MS were older (50.6±10 vs. 47.9±11 years; p=0.012), and more than half of those with MS were above 50 years. The most common abnormal metabolic components were reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c; 94.1%), elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG; 89.8%), and elevated triglycerides (81.8%), followed by increased waist circumference (61.7%) and raised blood pressure (40.4%). The majority of patients with MS had three or more metabolic components (326 patients, 69.4%), and 102 (21.8%) had two components, but only 37 (8.4%) had a single component.


CONCLUSIONS
In ACS patients, without previous history of DM, MS is highly prevalent. Reduced HDL, elevated FBG and triglycerides were the most frequent metabolic components. The majority had multiple components. These findings raise alarm and show that drug therapy alone may not be fully effective, unless the underlying risk factors causing MS, such as weight and exercise, are also tackled.
['Al-Aqeedi|Rafid Fayadh|RF|', 'Abdullatef|Waleed Khalid|WK|', 'Dabdoob|Wafer|W|', 'Bener|Abdulbari|A|', 'Albinali|Hajar A|HA|', 'Gehani|Abdurrazzak|A|']
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome D000328:Adult D001786:Blood Glucose D001794:Blood Pressure D015992:Body Mass Index D008076:Cholesterol, HDL D006760:Hospitalization D006801:Humans D008297:Male D024821:Metabolic Syndrome D008875:Middle Aged D015995:Prevalence D011446:Prospective Studies D011780:Qatar D012307:Risk Factors D014280:Triglycerides D055105:Waist Circumference
metabolic syndrome male acute coronary syndrome diabetes mellitus