Canine and Phocine Distemper Viruses: Global Spread and Genetic Basis of Jumping Species Barriers.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper (PDV) are closely-related members of the Paramyxoviridae family, genus morbillivirus, in the order Mononegavirales. CDV has a broad host range among carnivores. PDV is thought to be derived from CDV through contact between terrestrial carnivores and seals. PDV has caused extensive mortality in Atlantic seals and other marine mammals, and more recently has spread to the North Pacific Ocean. CDV also infects marine carnivores, and there is evidence of morbillivirus infection of seals and other species in Antarctica. Recently, CDV has spread to felines and other wildlife species in the Serengeti and South Africa. Some CDV vaccines may also have caused wildlife disease. Changes in the virus haemagglutinin (H) protein, particularly the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptor binding site, correlate with adaptation to non-canine hosts. Differences in the phosphoprotein (P) gene sequences between disease and non-disease causing CDV strains may relate to pathogenicity in domestic dogs and wildlife. Of most concern are reports of CDV infection and disease in non-human primates raising the possibility of zoonosis. In this article we review the global occurrence of CDV and PDV, and present both historical and genetic information relating to these viruses crossing species barriers.
['Kennedy|Judith M|JM|', 'Earle|J A Philip|JAP|', 'Omar|Shadia|S|', "Abdullah|Hani'ah|H|", 'Nielsen|Ole|O|', 'Roelke-Parker|Melody E|ME|0000-0001-9332-8707', 'Cosby|S Louise|SL|']
D000818:Animals D000835:Animals, Wild D002415:Cats D002591:Cetacea D057231:Climate Change D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine D018104:Distemper Virus, Phocine D004285:Dogs D058507:Host Specificity D018103:Morbillivirus D018185:Morbillivirus Infections D057805:Pets D011323:Primates D014764:Viral Proteins
global spread species barriers canine distemper virus morbillivirus receptors climate change genetic analysis phocine distemper virus