Review of the Relationships Among Psychosocial Stress, Secondhand Smoke, and Perinatal Smoking.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize and evaluate the recently published literature in which the relationships among psychosocial stress, smoking, and exposure to secondhand smoke during the perinatal period are examined, and to describe the characteristics and demographics of the samples.


DATA SOURCES
Electronic databases MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and PsychINFO. In addition, hand searches of reference lists supplemented the electronic search.


STUDY SELECTION
English language, peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2015 on the relationships of self-reported or perceived stress, smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy and postpartum were included. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria.


DATA EXTRACTION
Data that specified the relationships among smoking, stress, and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy and postpartum were extracted from the studies. A table matrix, available as supplemental material, to summarize the literature and sample characteristics and demographics was created.


DATA SYNTHESIS
Evidence from the included studies supported an association between psychosocial stress specific to pregnancy or from other sources and smoking or smoking relapse during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. In the studies in which it was included, exposure to secondhand smoke was cited as a barrier to abstinence.


CONCLUSION
It is probable that women who persistently smoke in pregnancy experience elevated stress. Further research with longitudinal designs and inclusion of secondhand smoke as a variable are needed.
['Damron|Karen R|KR|']
D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine D005260:Female D006801:Humans D015994:Incidence D020380:Needs Assessment D018743:Perinatal Care D011247:Pregnancy D037841:Pregnant Women D011584:Psychology D018570:Risk Assessment D057566:Self Report D012907:Smoking D013315:Stress, Psychological D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution D014481:United States
secondhand smoke smoking in pregnancy psychosocial stress and smoking