Acute effects of waterpipe smoking on blood pressure and heart rate: a real-life trial.
BACKGROUND
Waterpipe smoking is becoming a popular way of tobacco use in the world. Its acute effects on the cardiovascular system are not well investigated.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a trial designed to evaluate the acute effects of waterpipe smoking on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in healthy adults. Individuals who ordered waterpipe in 6 Lebanese restaurants were enrolled (cases) and were compared to controls who consisted of subjects who were sitting at the same table of smokers but who did not smoke (passive smokers) and of subjects who were sitting in nonsmoking sections (nonsmokers). BP and HR were measured immediately before and 15 min after smoking or at baseline and 15 min later in controls.


RESULTS
A total of 194 subjects were enrolled: 101 waterpipe smokers, 51 passive smokers, and 42 nonsmokers. Systolic and diastolic BP and HR significantly increased after 15 min of smoking in cases (mean 3.1 mm Hg (95% CI 0.8-5.5; p = 0.009) for systolic BP, 2.1 mm Hg (95% CI 0-4.2; p = 0.053) for diastolic BP, and 6.3 beats/minute (95% CI 4.3-8.3; p < 0.001) for HR, but did not change in controls.


CONCLUSIONS
Waterpipe smoking for duration as short as 15 min has acute hemodynamic effects and significantly increases systolic BP and HR.
['Azar|Rabih R|RR|', 'Frangieh|Antonio H|AH|', 'Mroué|Jad|J|', 'Bassila|Lilliane|L|', 'Kasty|Mohamad|M|', 'Hage|Georges|G|', 'Kadri|Zena|Z|']
D000328:Adult D001794:Blood Pressure D005260:Female D006339:Heart Rate D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D012907:Smoking D000073867:Water Pipe Smoking D055815:Young Adult
waterpipe smoking Blood pressure heart rate