Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of pediatric cardiovascular diseases of the offspring: A population-based cohort study with up to 18-years of follow up.
BACKGROUND
Cigarette smoke is a well-known reproductive toxicant. We aimed to study the long-term effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on the risk for childhood cardiovascular morbidity of the offspring.


METHODS
A population-based cohort analysis was performed comparing total and subtypes of cardiovascular related pediatric hospitalizations among offspring of smoking mothers versus offspring of non-smoking mothers. The analysis included all singletons born between the years 1999-2014.A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the cumulative cardiovascular morbidity, and a Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to adjust for confounders.


RESULTS
The study population included 242,342 newborns which met inclusion criteria; among them 2861 were born to smoking mothers. Offspring of smoking mothers had higher rates of cardiovascular-related hospitalizations (1.3% vs. 0.6%, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-2.9; p < 0.001; Kaplan-Meier log-rank test p < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
Smoking exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for long-term pediatric cardiovascular morbidity of the offspring.
['Leybovitz-Haleluya|Noa|N|', 'Wainstock|Tamar|T|', 'Landau|Daniella|D|', 'Sheiner|Eyal|E|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases D002648:Child D002675:Child, Preschool D005260:Female D005500:Follow-Up Studies D006760:Hospitalization D006801:Humans D007223:Infant D007231:Infant, Newborn D007557:Israel D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate D008297:Male D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange D011247:Pregnancy D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects D016016:Proportional Hazards Models D012307:Risk Factors D012907:Smoking D055815:Young Adult
Arrhythmia Epigenetics Nicotine Rheumatic fever Smoking cessation