Toxic and essential elements in Nigerian rice and estimation of dietary intake through rice consumption.
In this study, levels and estimated daily intake (EDI) of two toxic elements, Cd and Pb, and eight essential elements: Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Se and Mo, were determined in Nigerian rice samples. The mean levels of Cd, Pb and Co were 5.43±0.88, 38.66±5.42, 25.8±3.18 ng/g. The mean levels of Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se and Mo were 71.5±7.31, 951±52.0, 10.2±0.63, 8.5±0.47, 3.07±0.18, 40.1±9.2 and 0.39±0.05 µg/g, respectively. The percentage contribution to the reference values for each element was 0.54, 7.71, 0.38, 9.51, 8.97, 31.3, 30.7, 5.1 and 60.7% for Cd, Pb, Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se and Mo, respectively. The elemental nutrient levels in Nigerian rice samples are comparable to those obtained from other regions and their consumption does not pose any serious health risk to consumers.
['Adedire|Chris O|CO|', 'Adeyemi|Joseph A|JA|', 'Paulelli|Ana Carolina|AC|', 'da Cunha Martins-Junior|Airton|A|', 'Ileke|Kayode D|KD|', 'Segura|Fabiana Roberta|FR|', 'de Oliveira-Souza|Vanessa C|VC|', 'Batista|Bruno L|BL|', 'Barbosa|Fernando|F|']
D002104:Cadmium D004032:Diet D002523:Edible Grain D004781:Environmental Exposure D005506:Food Contamination D006801:Humans D007854:Lead D019216:Metals, Heavy D009549:Nigeria D012275:Oryza D014131:Trace Elements
essential elements toxic elements ICP-MS cadmium estimated dietary intake lead local rice