Restriction spectrum imaging: An evolving imaging biomarker in prostate MRI.
Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) is a novel diffusion-weighted MRI technique that uses the mathematically distinct behavior of water diffusion in separable microscopic tissue compartments to highlight key aspects of the tissue microarchitecture with high conspicuity. RSI can be acquired in less than 5 min on modern scanners using a surface coil. Multiple field gradients and high b-values in combination with postprocessing techniques allow the simultaneous resolution of length-scale and geometric information, as well as compartmental and nuclear volume fraction filtering. RSI also uses a distortion correction technique and can thus be fused to high resolution T2-weighted images for detailed localization, which improves delineation of disease extension into critical anatomic structures. In this review, we discuss the acquisition, postprocessing, and interpretation of RSI for prostate MRI. We also summarize existing data demonstrating the applicability of RSI for prostate cancer detection, in vivo characterization, localization, and targeting.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:323-336.
['Brunsing|Ryan L|RL|', 'Schenker-Ahmed|Natalie M|NM|', 'White|Nathan S|NS|', 'Parsons|J Kellogg|JK|', 'Kane|Christopher|C|', 'Kuperman|Joshua|J|', 'Bartsch|Hauke|H|', 'Kader|Andrew Karim|AK|', 'Rakow-Penner|Rebecca|R|', 'Seibert|Tyler M|TM|', 'Margolis|Daniel|D|', 'Raman|Steven S|SS|', 'McDonald|Carrie R|CR|', 'Farid|Nikdokht|N|', 'Kesari|Santosh|S|', 'Hansel|Donna|D|', 'Shabaik|Ahmed|A|', 'Dale|Anders M|AM|', 'Karow|David S|DS|']
D001834:Body Water D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine D006801:Humans D007089:Image Enhancement D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted D008297:Male D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms D015203:Reproducibility of Results D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
restriction spectrum imaging biomarker prostate cancer diffusion-weighted imaging