Secondary Metabolites from Solanum rostratum and Their Antifeedant Defense Mechanisms against Helicoverpa armigera.
Solanum rostratum is a worldwide malignant invasive weed, causing serious harm to the ecological environment and biodiversity. Strong chemical defense against herbivorous insects is supposed to be one of the successful invasive mechanisms of this exotic plant. However, the real defense components and their action mechanisms and distributions are still unknown. To address these problems, we bioassay-guided isolated compounds from the aerial part of S. rostratum and determined their structures using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electronic circular dichroism calculation. One new and seven known compounds were identified, and all of the isolates exhibited different levels of antifeedant activities, especially compounds 1 and 4. Consistently, compounds 1 and 4 displayed potent inhibitory effects on antifeedant-related enzymes (AchE and CarE). The action mechanisms of active compounds 1 and 4 were revealed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies. Furthermore, the distributions of the active compounds in leaves, stems, and flowers were also analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
['Liu|Ce|C|', 'Tian|Jinlong|J|http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-9441', 'An|Tong|T|', 'Lyu|Feinan|F|', 'Jia|Pengfei|P|', 'Zhou|Mingjia|M|', 'Liu|Zhixiang|Z|http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-6134', 'Feng|Yulong|Y|']
D000818:Animals D005247:Feeding Behavior D035264:Flowers D007306:Insecticides D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation D015394:Molecular Structure D009036:Moths D010936:Plant Extracts D018515:Plant Leaves D057685:Plant Weeds D064210:Secondary Metabolism D032322:Solanum D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
Solanum rostratum Helicoverpa armigera bioassay-guided isolation molecular docking antifeedant chemicals