Magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique for preconcentration and ultra-trace determination of Cd in honey.
A simple, highly efficient, batch, and centrifuge-less dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on a magnetic ionic liquid (MIL-DLLME) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) detection was developed for ultra-trace Cd determination in honey. Initially, Cd(II) was chelated with ammonium diethyldithiophosphate (DDTP) at pH 0.5 followed by its extraction with the MIL trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tetrachloroferrate(III) ([P6,6,6,14]FeCl4) and acetonitrile as dispersant. The MIL phase containing the analyte was separated from the aqueous phase using only a magnet. A back-extraction procedure was applied to recover Cd from the MIL phase using diluted HNO3 and this solution was directly injected into the graphite furnace of ETAAS instrument. An extraction efficiency of 93% and a sensitivity enhancement factor of 112 were obtained under optimal experimental conditions. The detection limit (LOD) was 0.4 ng L-1 Cd, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.8% (at 2 μg L-1 Cd and n = 10), calculated from the peak height of absorbance signals. This work reports the first application of the MIL [P6,6,6,14]FeCl4 along with the DLLME technique for the successful determination of Cd at trace levels in different honey samples. Graphical abstract Preconcentration of ultratraces of Cd in honey using a magnetic ionic liquid and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique.
['Fiorentini|Emiliano F|EF|', 'Escudero|Leticia B|LB|', 'Wuilloud|Rodolfo G|RG|']
D002104:Cadmium D004867:Equipment Design D006722:Honey D052578:Ionic Liquids D057230:Limit of Detection D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction D008280:Magnetics D059346:Magnets D009994:Osmolar Concentration D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Microextraction Preconcentration Honey Magnetic ionic liquids Cadmium