Combination of Whole Grapeseed Flour and Newly Isolated Kefir Lactic Acid Bacteria Reduces High-Fat-Induced Hepatic Steatosis.
SCOPE
This study aims to determine the separate and combined effect of a prebiotic (catechin-rich wine grapeseed flour, GSF) and a probiotic (newly isolated kefir lactic acid bacteria, LAB) on hepatic steatosis of obese mice.


METHODS AND RESULTS
High-fat (HF)-induced obese mice are fed a HF diet containing 6% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control), 10% GSF, orally administrated LAB, or a combination of GSF and LAB for 9 weeks. There is a significant reduction of body weight gain and liver weights, plasma insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR in all experimental groups compared to control. Total lipid content, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations of the liver are also significantly lowered. The combination of GSF and LAB further significantly affects cecum propionate content, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT), and zonulin concentrations, which is significantly correlated with hepatic lipid content. Analysis of hepatic microarray data reveals that genes related to lipid synthesis, bile acid and cholesterol synthesis, antioxidant activities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver function are significantly modulated following the combination of GSF and LAB.


CONCLUSION
These data suggest that amelioration of HF-induced hepatic steatosis after consumption of GSF and LAB is partially mediated via alteration of cecum propionate and intestinal permeability, which modulates hepatic gene expression.
['Kwon|Ji-Hye|JH|', 'Lee|Hyeon Gyu|HG|', 'Seo|Kun-Ho|KH|', 'Kim|Hyunsook|H|0000-0001-7345-4167']
D000818:Animals D059305:Diet, High-Fat D005433:Flour D000070716:Kefir D056546:Lactobacillales D008099:Liver D008297:Male D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D008820:Mice, Obese D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease D009765:Obesity D056692:Prebiotics D019936:Probiotics D012639:Seeds D059467:Transcriptome D027843:Vitis
grapeseed flour lactic acid bacteria hepatic steatosis prebiotics probiotics