Imaging analysis of nuclear antiviral factors through direct detection of incoming adenovirus genome complexes.
Recent studies involving several viral systems have highlighted the importance of cellular intrinsic defense mechanisms through nuclear antiviral proteins that restrict viral propagation. These factors include among others components of PML nuclear bodies, the nuclear DNA sensor IFI16, and a potential restriction factor PHF13/SPOC1. For several nuclear replicating DNA viruses, it was shown that these factors sense and target viral genomes immediately upon nuclear import. In contrast to the anticipated view, we recently found that incoming adenoviral genomes are not targeted by PML nuclear bodies. Here we further explored cellular responses against adenoviral infection by focusing on specific conditions as well as additional nuclear antiviral factors. In line with our previous findings, we show that neither interferon treatment nor the use of specific isoforms of PML nuclear body components results in co-localization between incoming adenoviral genomes and the subnuclear domains. Furthermore, our imaging analyses indicated that neither IFI16 nor PHF13/SPOC1 are likely to target incoming adenoviral genomes. Thus our findings suggest that incoming adenoviral genomes may be able to escape from a large repertoire of nuclear antiviral mechanisms, providing a rationale for the efficient initiation of lytic replication cycle.
['Komatsu|Tetsuro|T|', 'Will|Hans|H|', 'Nagata|Kyosuke|K|', 'Wodrich|Harald|H|']
D000256:Adenoviridae D000257:Adenoviridae Infections D045744:Cell Line, Tumor D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect D016679:Genome, Viral D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions D006801:Humans D007372:Interferons D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence D009504:Neutrophils D009687:Nuclear Proteins D010750:Phosphoproteins D014157:Transcription Factors D014779:Virus Replication
Adenovirus PML nuclear body IFI16 PHF13/SPOC1 Antiviral response Intrinsic immunity