Two distinct profiles of fMRI and neurophysiological activity elicited by acetylcholine in visual cortex.
Cholinergic neuromodulation is involved in all aspects of sensory processing and is crucial for processes such as attention, learning and memory, etc. However, despite the known roles of acetylcholine (ACh), we still do not how to disentangle ACh contributions from sensory or task-evoked changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we investigated the effects of local injection of ACh on fMRI and neural signals in the primary visual cortex (V1) of anesthetized macaques by combining pharmaco-based MRI (phMRI) with electrophysiological recordings, using single electrodes and electrode arrays. We found that local injection of ACh elicited two distinct profiles of fMRI and neurophysiological activity, depending on the distance from the injector. Near the injection site, we observed an increase in the baseline blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses, while their visual modulation decreased. In contrast, further from the injection site, we observed an increase in the visually induced BOLD and CBF modulation without changes in baseline. Neurophysiological recordings suggest that the spatial correspondence between fMRI responses and neural activity does not change in the gamma, high-gamma, and multiunit activity (MUA) bands. The results near the injection site suggest increased inhibitory drive and decreased metabolism, contrasting to the far region. These changes are thought to reflect the kinetics of ACh and its metabolism to choline.
['Zaldivar|Daniel|D|0000-0002-6838-355X', 'Rauch|Alexander|A|', 'Logothetis|Nikos K|NK|', 'Goense|Jozien|J|']
D000109:Acetylcholine D000818:Animals D001921:Brain D001931:Brain Mapping D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation D002794:Choline D018678:Cholinergic Agents D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena D004734:Energy Metabolism D005260:Female D007267:Injections D007700:Kinetics D008253:Macaca mulatta D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging D008297:Male D009482:Neurophysiology D010100:Oxygen D010775:Photic Stimulation D014793:Visual Cortex
visual cortex electrophysiology BOLD-fMRI CBF-fMRI nonhuman primate