Persistence of an iatrogenic atrial septal defect after a second-generation cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation.
Persistent iatrogenic atrial septal defects (iASDs) can be observed after intervention requiring a left atria (LA) access, including pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) of atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated the incidence of iASDs post-second-generation cryoballoon ablation and the pre-procedural predictors. Eighty-three paroxysmal AF patients underwent PVI using second-generation cryoballoons. The LA was accessed with single 15-Fr steerable sheaths following a radiofrequency transseptal puncture, and the iASD was evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), a median of 9.3 (7.1-13.3) months post-procedure. All patients underwent pre-procedural contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the LA and PV anatomy. iASDs were detected by TTE in 7 (8.4%) patients, a median of 15.5 (6.8-17.3) months post-procedure. Patients with iASDs had significantly larger LA volumes and smaller atrial septal angles, defined as the angle between the atrial septum and sagittal line on the horizontal section at the height of the fossa ovalis, which could be the transseptal puncture site measured on CT, and more likely hypertension than those without. Multivariate analyses revealed that the atrial septal angle was the sole predictor of iASDs [odds ratio 0.764, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.624-0.935, p = 0.009], and the optimal cut-off value was 57.5° (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 88.2%, 95% CI 0.873-0.995, p < 0.0001). Patients with iASDs were asymptomatic and had no adverse clinical events during a 17.7 (14.4-25.8) month median follow-up. iASDs were still detectable in 8.4% of patients a median of 15.5 months after the second-generation CB ablation, and the atrial septal angle might aid in predicting persistent iASDs.
['Watanabe|Tomonori|T|http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-1575', 'Miyazaki|Shinsuke|S|', 'Kajiyama|Takatsugu|T|', 'Ichijo|Sadamitsu|S|', 'Takagi|Takamitsu|T|', 'Igarashi|Miyako|M|', 'Nakamura|Hiroaki|H|', 'Taniguchi|Hiroshi|H|', 'Hachiya|Hitoshi|H|', 'Iesaka|Yoshito|Y|']
D001281:Atrial Fibrillation D054087:Atrial Septum D003452:Cryosurgery D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal D004867:Equipment Design D005260:Female D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial D006801:Humans D007049:Iatrogenic Disease D015994:Incidence D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography D011183:Postoperative Complications
Iatrogenic atrial septal defect Cryoballoon ablation Atrial fibrillation Pulmonary vein isolation Transseptal puncture