Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Major Depression in Patients With Upper Extremity Conditions.
PURPOSE
To determine the prevalence of an estimated diagnosis of major depression in patients with upper extremity conditions and factors that help identify patients who might benefit from psychological treatment.


METHODS
In this observational cross-sectional study, 190 patients completed questionnaires measuring symptoms of depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire, upper extremity disability with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity, pain interference with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Interference, and health anxiety with the Short Health Anxiety Inventory.


RESULTS
The estimated prevalence of an estimated diagnosis of major depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 ≥ 10) among this group of patients was 12%. Having multiple pain conditions, a history of depression, and greater limitation from pain for daily activities were independently associated with an estimated diagnosis of major depression.


CONCLUSIONS
The finding that 1 in 8 patients presenting to a hand surgeon have untreated or undertreated symptoms of depression sufficient to qualify for an estimated diagnosis of major depression emphasizes the importance of assessing for depression at all levels of care.
['Oflazoglu|Kamilcan|K|', 'Mellema|Jos J|JJ|', 'Menendez|Mariano E|ME|', 'Mudgal|Chaitanya S|CS|', 'Ring|David|D|', 'Chen|Neal C|NC|']
D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D003865:Depressive Disorder, Major D005260:Female D006801:Humans D016015:Logistic Models D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases D010146:Pain D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures D015995:Prevalence D012959:Socioeconomic Factors D034941:Upper Extremity
prevalence Depression upper extremity hand orthopedics