Scandalous decisions: explaining shifts in UK medicinal cannabis policy.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Opening up access to scheduled drugs such as cannabis in the United Kingdom rarely happens, yet on 1 November 2018 the United Kingdom changed the law to allow cannabis-derived products to be prescribed for medicinal purposes, albeit in tightly controlled circumstances. This followed substantial media interest in the cases of two children with epilepsy. This article focuses upon the role of scandal in bringing about legislative change.


METHODS
We used political science and social policy theories (punctuated equilibrium theory and scandal theory) to guide a qualitative content analysis of media articles published in 2018 in UK national newspapers. We focused in particular on the 6-month period prior to the policy change.


RESULTS
The concentrated attention by the media given to the suffering of children with epilepsy appears to have prompted the rapid change in policy by the UK government. A variety of strategies were used to develop a highly emotive response to garner support for reform. Media stories emphasized the injustice of two extremely sick children being unable to access the medicine they apparently needed to enable them to have a 'normal' childhood. Three groups of 'claim-makers' were identified as important in influencing public opinion: families, high-profile individuals and campaigning groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The case of medicinal cannabis in the United Kingdom suggests that policy reform can occur when a scandal is successfully manufactured. We must be cautious, however, about over-emphasizing the role of scandal as a driver of policy change in this context: only a limited set of circumstances will permit a prescription for cannabis-based medicine to be issued in the United Kingdom.
['Monaghan|Mark|M|0000-0002-8672-432X', 'Wincup|Emma|E|', 'Hamilton|Ian|I|0000-0001-9796-1147']
D002188:Cannabis D002648:Child D006076:Government D006801:Humans D064086:Medical Marijuana D011640:Public Policy D006113:United Kingdom
scandal medicine Cannabis schedules punctuated equilibrium content analysis