Anaemia worsens early functional outcome after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study.
OBJECTIVE
To determine early effects on outcome from traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) associated with anaemia in mice.


HYPOTHESIS
Outcome from TBI with concomitant anaemia would be worse than TBI without anaemia.


METHODS
CCI was induced with electromagnetic impaction in four groups of C57BL/6J mice: sham, sham+anaemia; TBI; and TBI+anaemia. Anaemia was created by withdrawal of 30% of calculated intravascular blood volume and saline replacement of equal volume. Functional outcome was assessed by beam-walking test and open field test (after pre-injury training) on post-injury days 3 and 7. After functional assessment, brains removed from sacrificed animals were pathological reviewed with haematoxylin and eosin, cresyl violet, Luxol Fast Blue, and IBA-1 immunostains.


RESULTS
Beam-walking was similar between animals with TBI and TBI+anaemia (p = 0.9). In open field test, animals with TBI+anaemia walked less distance than TBI alone or sham animals on days 3 (p < 0.001) and 7 (p < 0.05), indicating less exploratory and locomotion behaviours. No specific pathologic differences could be identified.


CONCLUSIONS
Anaemia associated with TBI from CCI is associated with worse outcome as measured by less distance travelled in the open field test at three days than if anaemia is not present.
['Litofsky|N Scott|NS|', 'Miller|Douglas C|DC|', 'Chen|Zhenzhou|Z|', 'Simonyi|Agnes|A|', 'Klakotskaia|Diana|D|', 'Giritharan|Andrew|A|', 'Feng|Qi|Q|', 'McConnell|Diane|D|', 'Cui|Jiankun|J|', 'Gu|Zezong|Z|']
D000740:Anemia D000818:Animals D001921:Brain D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins D004195:Disease Models, Animal D018450:Disease Progression D005106:Exploratory Behavior D008297:Male D051379:Mice D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D008840:Microfilament Proteins D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care D011596:Psychomotor Disorders D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
Anaemia outcome traumatic brain injury electromagnetic impactor haemoglobin mouse