Strength training improves muscle aerobic capacity and glucose tolerance in elderly.
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term resistance training (RET) on mitochondrial protein content and glucose tolerance in elderly. Elderly women and men (age 71 ± 1, mean ± SEM) were assigned to a group performing 8 weeks of resistance training (RET, n = 12) or no training (CON, n = 9). The RET group increased in (i) knee extensor strength (concentric +11 ± 3%, eccentric +8 ± 3% and static +12 ± 3%), (ii) initial (0-30 ms) rate of force development (+52 ± 26%) and (iii) contents of proteins related to signaling of muscle protein synthesis (Akt +69 ± 20 and mammalian target of rapamycin +69 ± 32%). Muscle fiber type composition changed to a more oxidative profile in RET with increased amount of type IIa fibers (+26.9 ± 6.8%) and a trend for decreased amount of type IIx fibers (-16.4 ± 18.2%, P = 0.068). Mitochondrial proteins (OXPHOS complex II, IV, and citrate synthase) increased in RET by +30 ± 11%, +99 ± 31% and +29 ± 8%, respectively. RET resulted in improved oral glucose tolerance measured as reduced area under curve for glucose (-21 ± 26%) and reduced plasma glucose 2 h post-glucose intake (-14 ± 5%). In CON parameters were unchanged or impaired. In conclusion, short-term resistance training in elderly not only improves muscular strength, but results in robust increases in several parameters related to muscle aerobic capacity.
['Frank|P|P|', 'Andersson|E|E|', 'Pontén|M|M|', 'Ekblom|B|B|', 'Ekblom|M|M|', 'Sahlin|K|K|']
D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D001786:Blood Glucose D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase D042963:Electron Transport Complex II D014450:Electron Transport Complex III D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV D017079:Exercise Tolerance D005260:Female D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test D006801:Humans D008297:Male D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal D053580:Muscle Strength D018482:Muscle, Skeletal D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt D055070:Resistance Training D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
resistance training Exercise insulin sensitivity mTOR mitochondria