Engineering microbes for targeted strikes against human pathogens.
Lack of pathogen specificity in antimicrobial therapy causes non-discriminant microbial cell killing that disrupts the microflora present. As a result, potentially helpful microbial cells are killed along with the pathogen, altering the biodiversity and dynamic interactions within the population. Moreover, the unwarranted exposure of antibiotics to microbes increases the likelihood of developing resistance and perpetuates the emergence of multidrug resistance. Synthetic biology offers an alternative solution where specificity can be conferred to reduce the non-specific, non-targeted activity of currently available antibiotics, and instead provides targeted therapy against specific pathogens and minimising collateral damage to the host's inherent microbiota. With a greater understanding of the microbiome and the available genetic engineering tools for microbial cells, it is possible to devise antimicrobial strategies for novel antimicrobial therapy that are able to precisely and selectively remove infectious pathogens. Herein, we review the strategies developed by unlocking some of the natural mechanisms used by the microbes and how these may be utilised in targeted antimicrobial therapy, with the promise of reducing the current global bane of multidrug antimicrobial resistance.
['Hwang|In Young|IY|', 'Lee|Hui Ling|HL|', 'Huang|James Guoxian|JG|', 'Lim|Yvonne Yijuan|YY|', 'Yew|Wen Shan|WS|', 'Lee|Yung Seng|YS|', 'Chang|Matthew Wook|MW|http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-6319']
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents D001419:Bacteria D001435:Bacteriophages D003141:Communicable Diseases D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation D005818:Genetic Engineering D006801:Humans D064307:Microbiota D000071059:Phage Therapy D019936:Probiotics
Synthetic biology Targeted therapy Microbiome Infectious pathogen Antibiotic resistance Antimicrobial peptide Live biotherapeutics Phage engineering