Prenatal nicotine exposure induces thymic hypoplasia in mice offspring from neonatal to adulthood.
Clinical study showed that smoking during pregnancy deceased the thymus size in newborns. However, the long-term effect remains unclear. This study was aimed to observe the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on the development of thymus and the T-lymphocyte subpopulation in mice offspring from the neonatal to adulthood. Both the thymus weight and cytometry data indicated that PNE caused persistent thymic hypoplasia in male offspring from neonatal to adult period and transient changes in female offspring from neonatal to prepuberal period. Flow cytometry analysis disclosed a permanent decreased proportion and number of mature CD4 single-positive (SP) T cells in thymus of both sex. In addition, the PNE male offspring showed a more serious thymus atrophy in the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized model. Moreover, increased autophagic vacuole and elevated mRNA expression of Beclin 1 were noted in PNE fetal thymus. In conclusion, PNE offspring showed thymus atrophy and CD 4 SP T cell reduction at different life stages. Mechanically, PNE induced excessive autophagy in fetal thymocytes might be involved in these changes. All the results provided evidence for elucidating the PNE-induced programmed immune diseases.
['Qu|Wen|W|', 'Zhao|Wen-Hao|WH|', 'Wen|Xiao|X|', 'Yan|Hui-Yi|HY|', 'Liu|Han-Xiao|HX|', 'Hou|Li-Fang|LF|', 'Ping|Jie|J|']
D000367:Age Factors D000818:Animals D000831:Animals, Newborn D001343:Autophagy D000071186:Beclin-1 D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes D005260:Female D007154:Immune System Diseases D008297:Male D018811:Maternal Exposure D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C D009538:Nicotine D018722:Nicotinic Agonists D010047:Ovalbumin D010641:Phenotype D011247:Pregnancy D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects D060168:Thymocytes D013950:Thymus Gland
Prenatal nicotine exposure Thymic hypoplasia Thymus Autophagy