Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Mediates Vascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV)-Induced Hemorrhage.
Hemorrhage is one of the most obvious pathological phenomena in grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. The etiology of GCRV-induced hemorrhage is unclear. We found inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may relate to viral hemorrhage according to the previous studies, which is expressed at high levels after GCRV infection and is related to apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of iNOS on apoptosis and hemorrhage at the cell level and individual level on subjects who were infected with GCRV and treated with S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT), an iNOS inhibitor. Cell structure, apoptosis rate, and hemorrhage were evaluated through fluorescence microscopy, Annexin V-FITC staining, and H&E staining, respectively. Cell samples and muscle tissues were collected for Western blotting, NO concentration measure, caspase activity assay, and qRT-PCR. iNOS-induced cell apoptosis and H&E staining showed that the vascular wall was broken after GCRV infection in vivo. When the function of iNOS was inhibited, NO content, apoptosis rate, caspase activity, and hemorrhage were reduced. Collectively, these results suggested iNOS plays a key role in apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in GCRV-induced hemorrhage. This study is the first to elucidate the relationship between iNOS-induced cell apoptosis and GCRV-induced hemorrhage, which lays the foundation for further mechanistic research of virus-induced hemorrhage.
['Liang|Bo|B|', 'Su|Jianguo|J|0000-0002-9083-0715']
D000818:Animals D000925:Anticoagulants D017209:Apoptosis D001777:Blood Coagulation D002347:Carps D002460:Cell Line D042783:Endothelial Cells D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors D005393:Fish Diseases D006470:Hemorrhage D007550:Isothiuronium D008954:Models, Biological D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II D012087:Reoviridae D012088:Reoviridae Infections
inducible nitric oxide synthase apoptosis grass carp reovirus hemorrhage S-methylisothiourea sulfate