Development of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Symptom Diary and Symptom Impact Questionnaire.
BACKGROUND
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disease that affects patients' functioning and well-being. This study aimed to develop patient-reported outcome questionnaires to measure patient experiences related to FSGS.


STUDY DESIGN
Qualitative patient interviews to identify important symptoms and concepts (concept elicitation) formed the basis for the development of 2 questionnaires, one on symptoms and one on their impact. Additional qualitative interviews were implemented to evaluate/refine the questionnaires (cognitive debriefing). Transcripts of concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews, conducted by telephone, were analyzed for concepts of interest using qualitative text analysis.


SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
Patients with FSGS (aged 18-65 years with estimated glomerular filtration rates ≥ 40mL/min/1.73m2) whose disease remained inadequately controlled after 2 or fewer courses of treatment.


METHODOLOGY
Qualitative concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews.


ANALYTICAL APPROACH
Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative software, MAXQDA.


RESULTS
30 patients completed concept elicitation interviews; 9 patients completed cognitive debriefing interviews. Frequently mentioned symptoms included swelling from the waist down/legs/knees/feet/ankles (67%), fatigue (57%), stomach/abdomen swelling (43%), body pain/pressure (30%), and shortness of breath (20%), as well as impacts on physical (52%), emotional (68%), and social functioning (89%). Based on analyses of interview transcripts and clinical input, 2 questionnaires, one on symptoms and one on the impact of the symptom, were drafted. The 23-item FSGS Symptom Diary (assessing the frequency and severity of FSGS symptoms during the past 24 hours) and the FSGS Symptom Impact Questionnaire (17 items assessing interference with activities and emotions during the past 7 days) were iteratively revised based on cognitive debriefing interviews.


LIMITATIONS
The study was restricted to English-speaking adults located in the United States, and the concept elicitation interview group had a low number of African Americans.


CONCLUSIONS
The FSGS Symptom Diary and FSGS Symptom Impact Questionnaire are new FSGS-specific patient-reported outcomes measures designed to support a comprehensive assessment of symptoms and symptom impact in adults with FSGS. Future research is needed to evaluate their quantitative measurement properties.
['Mathias|Susan D|SD|', 'Vallow|Susan|S|', 'Gipson|Debbie S|DS|', 'Thorneloe|Kevin S|KS|', 'Sprecher|Dennis|D|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation D005260:Female D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures D011446:Prospective Studies D055815:Young Adult
symptom impact focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) kidney disease swelling FSGS Symptom Diary FSGS Symptom Impact Questionnaire Patient reported outcome (PRO) cognitive debriefing (CD) concept elicitation (CE) edema idiopathic FSGS qualitative research semi-structured interview side effect