Green synthesis and characterization of biologically active nanosilver from seed extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.
This article reports the utilization of seed extract (GSE) from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Gs-AgNPs) with versatile biological activities. The synthesized Gs-AgNPs were spherical in shape, crystal lattice with an average size of 20 nm as confirmed by UV-vis spectrum, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) and particle size analyses (PSA). Phenolic compounds, proteins, and terpenoids were likely involved in the Gs-AgNPs synthesis, as indicated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Gs-AgNPs was 12.5 μg·ml-1 for S. enterica Typhimurium and 10 μg·ml-1 for S. aureus. The MBC of the Gs-AgNPs induced >70% bacterial cell death within 60 min, as confirmed by growth curve analysis followed by Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Gs-AgNPs showed the highest scavenging activity for 1, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH radical (92.3 ± 0.86%), Nitric oxide (NO) radical (72.5 ± 2.15%), and Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 radical (85.25 ± 1.45%). Anticancer results revealed an IC50 of 15.625 ± 1.3 μg·ml-1 for Gs-AgNPs, whereas it was 580.54 ± 2.5 μg·ml-1 for GSE. The Gs-AgNPs generated high reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in induced apoptosis as evident by up-regulation of apoptosis-related protein. In addition, the photocatalytic results revealed about 92% of the reduction in Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye color with Gs-AgNPs. Hence, this work provided economically viable and ecologically sustainable Gs-AgNPs as an alternative biomaterial for future therapeutic applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer agents and in dye degradation for water remediation.
['Saravanakumar|Kandasamy|K|', 'Chelliah|Ramachandran|R|', 'Shanmugam|Sabarathinam|S|', 'Varukattu|Nipun Babu|NB|', 'Oh|Deog-Hwan|DH|', 'Kathiresan|Kandasamy|K|', 'Wang|Myeong-Hyeon|MH|']
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents D017209:Apoptosis D002384:Catalysis D016166:Free Radical Scavengers D032062:Gardenia D055772:Green Chemistry Technology D006367:HeLa Cells D006801:Humans D008027:Light D053768:Metal Nanoparticles D010936:Plant Extracts D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species D019779:Salmonella enterica D012639:Seeds D012834:Silver D013211:Staphylococcus aureus
Silver nanoparticles Anticancer Antioxidant Antibacterial Green chemistry Photo-catalytic