Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer to treat an intracranial arteriovenous malformation in a dog.
A 6-year-old neutered male German shepherd dog was evaluated for obtundation, blindness, and bilateral exophthalmos. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain was performed and identified an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with several feeding arterial branches, and venous drainage through the cavernous sinus. Venous vessels rostral to the AVM were severely distended and extended into the retrobulbar spaces. Liquid embolization by injection of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer was performed from access points in the maxillary arteries and internal carotid arteries. No intraprocedural complications were encountered, and the dog was discharged the next day. Bilateral enucleation eventually was performed because of exposure keratopathy. At 31 months post-embolization, owners reported that the dog was doing very well clinically with high activity level and normal appetite, and the dog also appeared to be pain free. Although intracranial AVMs are very rare in companion animals, successful treatment using liquid embolization is possible and should be considered.
['Culp|William T N|WTN|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-156X', 'Gratzek|Ann|A|', 'Burtch|Merrianne|M|', 'Dahlin|Brian C|BC|', 'Dong|Paul R|PR|', 'Phillips|Kathryn L|KL|', 'Sturges|Beverly K|BK|', 'Glaiberman|Craig B|CB|', 'Mitchell|Jeffrey W|JW|', 'Griffin|Maureen A|MA|', 'Gibson|Erin A|EA|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3785-7791']
D000818:Animals D004283:Dog Diseases D004285:Dogs D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging D008297:Male D011145:Polyvinyls
angiography interventional neurology interventional radiology neurovascular vascular anomaly