Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women.
This study quantified five perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and two perfluorosulfonic acids in cereals, meats, seafood, eggs, pork liver, and milk in Taiwan using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and evaluated the dietary exposure of the general population and pregnant women using per capita consumption and a questionnaire, respectively. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFCAs of 10-12 carbons were found in almost all of the samples in considerable concentrations in rice and pork liver, reaching as high as 283 ng/g (PFOA in pork liver); the levels are two to three orders of magnitude higher than previous reports. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the most frequently mentioned perfluoroalkyl substance, was rarely detected in many food items (detection frequencies <20% in rice, flour, pork, chicken, salmon, squid, eggs, and milk) at <0.4 ng/g, except for beef, pork liver and some seafood (detection frequencies: 100%, GMs: 0.05-3.52 ng/g). Compared to populations in Western countries, people in Taiwan are exposed to much more perfluorohexanoic acid, PFOA, perfluorodecanoic acid, and perfluoroundecanoic acid (11.2, 85.1, 44.2, and 4.45 ng/kg b.w./day, respectively), mainly due to the higher contaminations in food. The exposure of 8.0 μg PFOA/person/day in the 95 percentile of pregnant women was due to their frequent consumption of pork liver.
['Chen|Wen-Ling|WL|', 'Bai|Fang-Yu|FY|', 'Chang|Ying-Chia|YC|', 'Chen|Pau-Chung|PC|', 'Chen|Chia-Yang|CY|']
D000328:Adult D000818:Animals D002417:Cattle D002645:Chickens D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid D000074341:Dietary Exposure D005260:Female D005466:Fluorocarbons D005506:Food Contamination D006801:Humans D008099:Liver D008460:Meat D008892:Milk D012275:Oryza D011247:Pregnancy D037841:Pregnant Women D017747:Seafood D013552:Swine D013624:Taiwan D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Liver Perfluorooctanoic acid Perfluorodecanoic acid Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid Tandem mass spectrometry