Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?
Despite substantial progress in the global elimination of iodine deficiency, lactating mothers and their infants remain susceptible to insufficient iodine intake. This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers at four randomly selected health care centres in Tehran. Healthy infants <3 months old and their mothers were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Iodine was measured in urine and breast milk samples from each infant and mother as well as commercially available infant formula. The study included 124 postpartum mothers (29·2 (sd 4·9) years old) and their infants (2·0 (sd 0·23) months old). The iodine concentrations were 50-184 µg/l for infant formula, compared with a median breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) of 100 µg/l in the exclusive breast-feeding group and 122 µg/l in the partial formula feeding group. The median values for urinary iodine concentration in the exclusive breast-feeding group were 183 µg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 76-285) for infants and 78 µg/l (IQR 42-145) for mothers, compared with 140 µg/l (IQR 68-290) for infants and 87 µg/l (IQR 44-159) for mothers in the formula feeding group. These differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for BMIC, ANCOVA revealed that feeding type (exclusive breast-feeding v. partial formula feeding) did not significantly affect the infants' or mother's urinary iodine levels. Thus, in an area with iodine sufficiency, there was no difference in the iodine statuses of infants and mothers according to their feeding type.
['Nazeri|Pantea|P|', 'Dalili|Hosein|H|', 'Mehrabi|Yadollah|Y|', 'Hedayati|Mehdi|M|', 'Mirmiran|Parvin|P|', 'Azizi|Fereidoun|F|']
D000328:Adult D001942:Breast Feeding D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D019587:Dietary Supplements D005260:Female D006801:Humans D007223:Infant D041943:Infant Formula D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena D007455:Iodine D008297:Male D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena D008895:Milk, Human D009752:Nutritional Status D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary D055815:Young Adult
Formula-fed infants Infant formula Breast milk iodine concentrations Urinary iodine concentration BMIC breast milk iodine concentration ID iodine deficiency IQR interquartile range UIC urinary iodine concentration Breast-fed infants Iran