Recession, employment and self-rated health: a study on the gender gap.
OBJECTIVES
Employment status and economic recession have been associated with negative effects on self-rated health, and this effect differs by gender. We analysed the effects of the Spanish economic recession in terms of self-rated health, its differential effect among genders and its influence on gender gap.


STUDY DESIGN
Repeated cross-sectional study using Spanish health surveys (2001-2014).


METHODS
Logistic regression models were conducted to explore the association between self-rated health and employment status and its evolution over time and gender. To test the impact of the economic recession, pooled data regression models were conducted.


RESULTS
In this study, we considered 104,577 subjects. During the last 15 years, women have entered the labour market, leading to wide changes in the Spanish traditional family roles. Instead of an increasing proportion of women workers, gender employment differences persist. Therefore, in 2014, the prevalence of workers was 55.77% in men, whereas in women, it was 44.01%. Self-rated health trends during the economic recession differ by gender, with women improving slightly their self-rated health from a low self-rated health prevalence of 38.76% in 2001 to 33.78% in 2014. On the contrary, men seem more vulnerable to employment circumstances, which have led to substantial reduction in the gender gap.


CONCLUSIONS
Although a gender gap persists, the change in socio-economic roles seems to increase women's self-rated health, reducing this gap. It is important to promote women's labour market inclusion, even in economic recession periods.
['Aguilar-Palacio|I|I|', 'Carrera-Lasfuentes|P|P|', 'Sánchez-Recio|R|R|', 'Alonso|J P|JP|', 'Rabanaque|M J|MJ|']
D000328:Adult D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation D057172:Economic Recession D004651:Employment D005260:Female D054624:Health Status Disparities D006306:Health Surveys D006801:Humans D008297:Male D012737:Sex Factors D013030:Spain
Recession Employment Self-rated health Gender inequalities