Transglutaminase type 2 affects cell migration through post-translational modification of platelet-derived growth factor-BB.
Migration is a key cellular function with important implications in cell physiology. Impairment of such function is observed in angiogenesis, cancer, central nervous system development, and many other physiological and pathological events. Serum is considered among the most potent physiological chemotactic stimuli. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is involved in most of the mentioned processes, suggesting the hypothesis that TG2 may modulate cell movement and chemotaxis by acting on serum factors. Cell biology and biochemistry studies confirmed this hypothesis, showing that human serum contains potent chemotactic signals significantly impaired by activated TG2. Bioinformatics studies indicated that one potent serum factor potential substrate of TG2-dependent transamidation is platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Cell biology and immunometric experiments carried out with U87MG human glioma cell line showed that human recombinant PDGF-BB pre-incubated with calcium-activated TG2 lost about 70 % of its chemotactic activity and antigenicity. These data indicate that PDGF-BB is a substrate of TG2-transamidating activity, and such modification may play a key role in the modulation of PDGF's chemotactic features. Further, these findings suggest a novel point of view to study the extracellular functions of TG2 and to understand how protein signals, such as growth factors and cytokines, act in the extracellular space to reach their specific targets.
['Cordella|Martina|M|', 'Tabolacci|Claudio|C|', 'Rossi|Stefania|S|', 'Senatore|Cinzia|C|', 'Facchiano|Angelo M|AM|', "D'Arcangelo|Daniela|D|", 'Facchiano|Antonio|A|', 'Facchiano|Francesco|F|']
D000077214:Becaplermin D002118:Calcium D045744:Cell Line, Tumor D002465:Cell Movement D004789:Enzyme Activation D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells D006801:Humans D009457:Neuroglia D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis D011994:Recombinant Proteins D011503:Transglutaminases
Transglutaminase type 2 Migration Angiogenesis Cancer Serum PDGF