Haploidy in Humans: An Evolutionary and Developmental Perspective.
Although haploidy has not been observed in vertebrates, its natural occurrence in various eukaryotic species that had diverged from diploid ancestors suggests that there is an innate capacity for an organism to regain haploidy and that haploidy may confer evolutionary benefits. Haploid embryonic stem cells have been experimentally generated from mouse, rat, monkey, and humans. Haploidy results in major differences in cell size and gene expression levels while also affecting parental imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, and mitochondrial metabolism genes. We discuss here haploidy in evolution and the barriers to haploidy, in particular in the human context.
['Sagi|Ido|I|', 'Benvenisty|Nissim|N|']
D000818:Animals D004171:Diploidy D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells D018392:Genomic Imprinting D006238:Haploidy D006801:Humans D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation
Human Diploidization Haploid Embryonic stem cells X chromosome inactivation Evolution Differentiation Genomic imprinting Ploidy Pluripotent stem cells