Preclinical safety evaluation of the aqueous extract from Mangifera indica Linn. (Anacardiaceae): genotoxic, clastogenic and cytotoxic assessment in experimental models of genotoxicity in rats to predict potential human risks.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Medicinal plants widely used by the population contain significant concentrations of biologically active compounds and, although they have proven pharmacological properties, can cause DNA damage and develop fatal diseases.


AIM OF THE STUDY
The present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic, cytotoxic potential and clastogenic effects of the aqueous extract from Mangifera indica leaves (EAMI) on rats submitted to experimental genotoxicity models and through the SMART test performed in Drosophila melanogaster.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The comet assay and the micronucleus test were performed on peripheral and bone marrow blood, respectively, of Wistar rats, orally treated with EAMI at doses of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/bw for 28 days. In the SMART test, the standard cross between three mutant D. melanogaster strains was used. Larvae were treated with EAMI at different concentrations, and the wings of adult flies were evaluated for the presence/frequency of mutant spots and compared to the negative control group.


RESULTS
Phytochemical analysis of EAMI indicated high levels of flavonoids. The tests performed in rats showed that EAMI did not present significant genotoxic or clastogenic effects. The results showed a critical dose-dependent cytoprotective effect exerted by EAMI. This result was attributed to the high content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The biotransformation metabolites of EAMI did not present genotoxic activity, as demonstrated by the SMART test.


CONCLUSIONS
These results are relevant since they provide safety information about a plant species of great therapeutic, economical, nutritious and ethnopharmacological value for the population.
['Villas Boas|Gustavo Roberto|GR|', 'Rodrigues Lemos|João Marcos|JM|', 'de Oliveira|Matheus William|MW|', 'Dos Santos|Rafael Claudino|RC|', 'Stefanello da Silveira|Ana Paula|AP|', 'Bacha|Flávia Barbieri|FB|', 'Aguero Ito|Caren Naomi|CN|', 'Cornelius|Ediane Bortolotte|EB|', 'Lima|Fernanda Brioli|FB|', 'Sachilarid Rodrigues|Andrea Marisa|AM|', 'Costa|Nathália Belmal|NB|', 'Bittencourt|Felipe Francisco|FF|', 'Freitas de Lima|Fernando|F|', 'Paes|Marina Meirelles|MM|', 'Gubert|Priscila|P|', 'Oesterreich|Silvia Aparecida|SA|']
D000818:Animals D020552:Comet Assay D004331:Drosophila melanogaster D005260:Female D005419:Flavonoids D006801:Humans D008297:Male D031022:Mangifera D015162:Micronucleus Tests D064209:Phytochemicals D010936:Plant Extracts D018515:Plant Leaves D017208:Rats, Wistar D018570:Risk Assessment
Preclinical safety Mangifera indica Genotoxicity SMART test Comet assay Micronucleus Mutagenesis