The role of surface implant treatments on the biological behavior of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells. An in vitro comparative study.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was an in vitro comparison of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation related to six dental implants with different surface characteristics, and to determine if the interaction between cells and implant is influenced by surface structure and chemical composition.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Six types of implants were tested, presenting four different surface treatments: turned, sandblasted, acid-etched, anodized. The implant macro- and microstructure were analyzed using SEM, and the surface chemical composition was investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. SaOS-2 osteoblasts were used for the evaluation of cell adhesion and proliferation by SEM, and cell viability in contact with the various surfaces was determined using cytotoxicity MTT assays. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic activity in contact with the six surfaces was evaluated. Data relative to MTT assay and ALP activity were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis not parametric test and Nemenyi-Damico-Wolfe-Dunn post hoc test.


RESULTS
All the implants tested supported cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, revealing neither organic contaminants nor cytotoxicity effects. The industrial treatments investigated changed the implant surface microscopic aspect and SaOS-2 cell morphology appeared to be influenced by the type of surface treatment at 6, 24, and 72 h of growth. SaOS-2 cells spread more rapidly on sandblasted surfaces. Turned surfaces showed the lowest cell proliferation at SEM observation. Sandblasted surfaces showed the greatest ALP activity values per cell, followed by turned surfaces (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
On the base of this in vitro investigation, differently surfaced implants affected osteoblast morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Sandblasted surfaces promoted the most suitable osteoblast behavior.
['Conserva|Enrico|E|', 'Menini|Maria|M|', 'Ravera|Giambattista|G|', 'Pera|Paolo|P|']
D000134:Acid Etching, Dental D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase D000537:Aluminum Oxide D002448:Cell Adhesion D002454:Cell Differentiation D045744:Cell Line, Tumor D002465:Cell Movement D049109:Cell Proliferation D048430:Cell Shape D002470:Cell Survival D004396:Coloring Agents D045662:Dental Etching D015921:Dental Implants D003764:Dental Materials D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design D055664:Electrochemical Techniques D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis D006801:Humans D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning D010006:Osteoblasts D010100:Oxygen D013499:Surface Properties D013778:Tetrazolium Salts D013844:Thiazoles D014025:Titanium
osteoblasts proliferation differentiation dental implants implant surface