Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: review and recommendations for screening and management.
Anal cancer is a rare malignancy of the distal gastrointestinal tract, often associated with human papillomavirus, the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Currently available screening methods for anal intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor for anal cancer, combine anal Papanicolaou cytology and high resolution anoscopy with biopsy of suspicious lesions. Significant barriers to establishing anal cancer screening programmes include the small number of healthcare professionals performing high resolution anoscopy and the lack of data showing that anal cancer screening can reduce morbidity and mortality related to anal carcinoma. Despite several controversies surrounding anal cancer screening, the rising incidence of this disease in some groups supports routine screening programmes in high-risk populations, especially in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. This review outlines the epidemiology of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer and summarizes issues related to the introduction of anal cancer screening programmes.
['Smyczek|Petra|P|', 'Singh|Ameeta E|AE|', 'Romanowski|Barbara|B|']
D001003:Anal Canal D001004:Anus Diseases D001005:Anus Neoplasms D001706:Biopsy D002278:Carcinoma in Situ D003581:Cytodiagnosis D055088:Early Detection of Cancer D018451:Homosexuality, Male D006801:Humans D008297:Male D065006:Papanicolaou Test D030361:Papillomavirus Infections D011230:Precancerous Conditions D011351:Proctoscopy
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia screening anal cancer human papillomavirus men who have sex with men AIDS AIN HIV HPV MSM anal cytology treatment