Extracting ligands from receptors by reversed targeted molecular dynamics.
Short targeted MD trajectories are used to expel ligands from binding sites. The expulsion is governed by a linear increase of the target RMSD value, growing from zero to an arbitrary chosen final RMSD that forces the ligand to a selected distance outside of the receptor. The RMSD lag (i.e., the difference between the imposed and the actual RMSD) can be used to follow barriers encountered by the ligand during its way out of the receptor. The force constant used for the targeted MD can transform the RMSD lag into a strain energy. Integration of the (time-dependent) strain energy over time yields a value with the dimensions of "action" (i.e, energy multiplied by time) and can serve as a measure for the overall effort required to extract the ligand from its binding site. Possibilities to compare (numerically and graphically) the randomly detected exit pathways are discussed. As an example, the method is tested on the exit of bisphenol A from the human estrogen-related receptor [Formula: see text] and of GW0072 from the peroxysome proliferator activated receptor.
['Wolf|Romain M|RM|']
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds D001665:Binding Sites D006801:Humans D008024:Ligands D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors D010636:Phenols D011485:Protein Binding D011960:Receptors, Estrogen
Ligand exit pathways Nuclear receptors Reversed targeted MD