Amputee socks: Sock thickness changes with normal use.
BACKGROUND
Prosthetic socks are expected to decrease in thickness and have reduced volume accommodation with normal use. It is unknown, however, to what degree they reduce in thickness over time.


OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to determine a correlation between the age of a prosthetic sock (defined as the out-of-package time) and the resulting change in thickness under standardized weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions.


STUDY DESIGN
Experimental, mechanical assessment.


METHODS
Used prosthetic socks were donated by donors with transtibial amputation. Sock thickness was measured on a custom instrument under conditions representative of normal use. Stress-thickness response was compared to that of equivalent new socks to quantify the effects of use on sock performance.


RESULTS
Sock thickness changed non-linearly over time. On average, socks were 75% ± 17% of their initial thickness after 1 month, while socks older than 1 month were 72% ± 18% of their initial thickness. The elasticity of socks did not change with age.


CONCLUSION
The volume accommodation provided by used socks cannot be reliably predicted by ply or age. Direct measurement of total sock thickness may provide meaningful insight to quantify prosthetic users' socket fit and guide volume accommodation recommendations.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The mean difference in thickness between 3-ply and 5-ply used socks was equal to the standard deviation of each ply group (0.3mm). Therefore, it is possible that a 3-ply sock worn for as a little as 1 month could have a greater thickness than a 5-ply sock worn for a month.
['Cagle|John C|JC|', "D'Silva|Krittika J|KJ|", 'Hafner|Brian J|BJ|', 'Harrison|Daniel S|DS|', 'Sanders|Joan E|JE|']
D000671:Amputation D000672:Amputation Stumps D001186:Artificial Limbs D003020:Clothing D006801:Humans D008422:Materials Testing D017755:Prosthesis Fitting D013314:Stress, Mechanical D013977:Tibia
Prosthetic socks volume accommodation limb management prosthetic fit