Cost of incorrect application of antithrombotic prophylaxis prior to invasive procedures.
BACKGROUND
We analyze the cost of an incorrect application, by the haematologist, of bridging anticoagulation in patients with low-risk atrial fibrillation (AF) needing interruption of treatment prior to a scheduled invasive procedure. Although not recommended, bridging therapy is widely used, resulting in avoidable costs and increased workload.


METHODS
Observational retrospective study. We recorded demographic and clinical data including age, sex, type of procedure, use of bridging therapy with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and haemorrhagic complications within 30 days of acenocoumarol withdrawal.


RESULTS
Acenocoumarol was stopped in 161 patients, 97 (60%) were male and 64 (40%) female. Average age was 76,11 ± 8,45 years. Procedures included: minor surgical intervention 58 (36%), colonoscopy 61 (38%), gastroscopy 11 (7%), breast biopsy 4 (2.5%), prostate biopsy 4 (2.5%), infiltration 5 (3%), and other 18 (11%). All patients received bridging anticoagulation with LMWH (40 mg enoxaparin per day) 3 days before and 3 days after the procedure (6 doses). We used a total of 966 doses, at €4.5 per unit, resulted in €4347 of total cost. No complications occurred in 156 patients (97%). Haemorrhage was observed in 5 cases: 1 major haemorrhage needing 6 days of hospital stay and transfusion, and 4 minor haemorrhages (2 patients needed emergency attendance and 2 required hospital admission for 3 and 2 days, respectively). The cost of emergency care was €237.36, and the cost of hospital stay was €6860.81 (€623.71 per day, for 11 days). The total cost of the incorrect application of the protocol was €11,445.17.


CONCLUSION
Guidelines about bridging anticoagulation in low risk AF patients undergoing scheduled invasive procedures were not followed. This practice increments the complications and supposes an increase in costs besides to an inadequate use of the human resources.
['Cuevas|Ma Victoria|MV|', 'Martínez-Sancho|Ignacio|I|', 'Arribas|Jana|J|', 'García-Díaz|Covadonga|C|', 'Cuevas|Beatriz|B|']
D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D000925:Anticoagulants D001281:Atrial Fibrillation D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug D005260:Female D019983:Guideline Adherence D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight D006801:Humans D008297:Male D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic D012189:Retrospective Studies
Atrial fibrillation Bridging therapy Avoidable costs Workload Guidelines