Prevalence of talon cusp: Systematic literature review, meta-analysis and new scoring system.
OBJECTIVES
Talon cusp is a developmental anomaly consisting of a vertical ridge or cusp projecting labially or lingually from an anterior permanent or primary tooth. A range of prevalence between 0.06 % and 40.8 % has been reported in the literature. Although many epidemiological studies have been conducted, no synthesis of these data has been performed to date. The aim of this paper was to determine the prevalence of talon cusp and to investigate the link between sex and talon cusp.


SOURCE
A systematic search was undertaken using the PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library electronic databases for publications from 1981 to 2020 investigating the prevalence of talon cusp and the link between talon cusp and sex.


STUDY SELECTION
Three reviewers selected the studies independently, extracted the data in accordance with the PRISMA statement, and assessed the risk of bias via the GRADE & Cochrane approaches.


RESULTS
From 39 potentially eligible studies, 9 were selected for full text analysis and 8 were included in the meta-analysis, representing 35,224 participants. The meta-analyses were performed with a random model, calculating a weighted-mean prevalence (at least one talon cusp per individual) of 1.67 %. Sex and talon cusp were not statistically significantly associated in our study (OR = 1.10; 95 % CI [0.82-1.47]; p > 0.05).


DISCUSSION
We report the first prevalence of talon cusp provided by meta-analysis in a non-syndromic sample. A non-statistically significant association between sex and talon cusp is relevant in terms of genetic etiology. In order to improve the homogeneity and accuracy of the results of further studies, we propose a new universal scoring system for talon cusp.


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Talon cusp is a developmental anomaly with various clinical implications. Therapeutics may vary from simple monitoring to extraction of the supporting tooth. This condition occurs in approximately 1.67 % of the population.
['Decaup|Pierre-Hadrien|PH|', 'Garot|Elsa|E|', 'Rouas|Patrick|P|']
D006801:Humans D007180:Incisor D015995:Prevalence D014071:Tooth Abnormalities D019228:Tooth Crown D014094:Tooth, Deciduous
Prevalence Talon cusp Developmental anomaly Classification Systematic review