Motivators and barriers for HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Sweden.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To explore motivators and barriers to HIV testing and to assess the factors associated with testing among men who have sex with men.


BACKGROUND
Previous research has considered fear, worries and structural barriers as hindrances to HIV testing among men who have sex with men. However, few studies have included assessments of actual HIV testing when exploring barriers or motivators for such testing.


DESIGN
The design of the study was a stratified cross-sectional online survey (n = 2373).


METHOD
Factor analysis was conducted to analyse the barriers and motivators for HIV testing. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors for HIV testing.


RESULTS
Many men who have sex with men test for HIV regularly, and specific reasons for testing were having unprotected sex or starting/ending a relationship. A lack of awareness and a perception of being at low risk for exposure were common reasons for never being tested. Fear and anxiety as well as barriers related to the use of test services remain important hindrances for testing. Predictors associated with having been tested within the past 12 months were: younger age (15-25 years old compared with 47+); knowledge on where to take an HIV test on short notice as well as having talked with a counsellor, having received condoms for free, or having had unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners within the last 12 months.


CONCLUSION
Easily accessible test services offering testing and counselling on short notice should be available for all men who have sex with men. Outreach activities, distribution of free condoms and testing at venues where men who have sex with men meet are important prevention add-ons that can contribute to increased awareness about HIV and testing.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Test services must ensure confidentiality and health care professionals who meet men who have sex with men for testing need competency with regards to men who have sex with men sexual health needs.
['Persson|Kristina Ingemarsdotter|KI|', 'Berglund|Torsten|T|', 'Bergström|Jakob|J|', 'Eriksson|Lars E|LE|', 'Tikkanen|Ronny|R|', 'Thorson|Anna|A|', 'Forsberg|Birger C|BC|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D001007:Anxiety D017280:Condoms D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D015658:HIV Infections D006297:Health Services Accessibility D018451:Homosexuality, Male D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008403:Mass Screening D008875:Middle Aged D009042:Motivation D012747:Sexual Partners D013548:Sweden D055815:Young Adult
HIV testing men who have sex with men factor analysis HIV testing barriers HIV testing motivators