Remote rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the effectiveness and risk management of remote rehabilitation for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients.


DESIGN
Single-centre, retrospective, observational study.


PATIENTS
COVID-19 patients undergoing rehabilitation (24 April to 24 May 2020).


METHODS
All COVID-19 inpatients undergoing rehabilitation in the general ward were assessed. Data were collected on age, sex, physical ability, rehabilitation modality (remote/direct), need for intubation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, degree of pneumonia, oxygen therapy from the start of rehabilitation, D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels, and rehabilitation-related complications. Activities of daily living were measured using the Barthel Index.


RESULTS
Out of a total of 43 patients, 14 were initially provided with remote rehabilitation and 29 with direct rehabilitation. Four patients were switched from direct to remote rehabilitation during the study, thus at the end of the study there were 18 in the remote rehabilitation group and 25 in the direct rehabilitation group. Patients in remote rehabilitation were significantly younger than those in direct rehabilitation. Of 12 patients who required intubation, 3 were given remote rehabilitation. One extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivor underwent direct rehabilitation. All patients on remote rehabilitation were discharged home or to a hotel. Twelve out of 29 patients were transferred to a rehabilitation hospital due to delayed recovery of activities of daily living. No serious adverse events occurred.


CONCLUSION
Effective and safe remote rehabilitation was performed in 41.9% of COVID-19 patients in this study, which resulted in improved rehabilitation in COVID-19 zones.
['Sakai|Tomoko|T|', 'Hoshino|Chisato|C|', 'Yamaguchi|Reiko|R|', 'Hirao|Masanobu|M|', 'Nakahara|Rui|R|', 'Okawa|Atsushi|A|']
D000328:Adult D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D000073640:Betacoronavirus D000086382:COVID-19 D018352:Coronavirus Infections D005260:Female D006801:Humans D007564:Japan D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D058873:Pandemics D011024:Pneumonia, Viral D012189:Retrospective Studies D012308:Risk Management D000086402:SARS-CoV-2 D000069350:Telerehabilitation D016896:Treatment Outcome
rehabilitation risk management coronavirus early ambulation infection pulmonary embolism