Development of a water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion system integrating biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanodroplets for protein entity stabilization. Part II: process and product characterization.
The aqueous-core enclosed in lipid nanoballoons integrating multiple emulsions of the type water-in-oil-in-water mimic, at least in theory, the environment within viable cells, thus being suitable for housing hydrophilic protein entities such as bioactive proteins, peptides and bacteriophage particles. This study reports a complete physicochemical characterization of optimized biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanoballoons housing hydrophilic (BSA) protein entities, evolved from a statistical 23×31 factorial design study (three variables at two levels and one variable at three levels) that was the subject of the first paper of a series of three, aiming at complete stabilization of the three-dimensional structure of protein entities attempted via housing the said molecular entities within biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanoballoons integrating a multiple (W/O/W) emulsion. The statistical factorial design followed led to the production of an optimum W/O/W multiple emulsion possessing quite homogeneous particles with an average hydrodynamic size of (186.2 ± 2.6) nm and average Zeta potential of (-36.5 ± 0.9) mV, and exhibiting a polydispersity index of 0.206 ± 0.014. Additionally, the results obtained for the diffusion coefficient of the lipid nanoballoons integrating the optimized W/O/W multiple emulsion were comparable and of the same order of magnitude (10-12 m2 s-1) as those published by other authors since, typically, diffusion coefficients for molecules range from 10-10 to 10-7 m2 s-1, but diffusion coefficients for nanoparticles are typically of the order of magnitude of 10-12 m2 s-1.
['Glasser|Cássia A|CA|', 'Vila|Marta M D C|MM|', 'Pereira|Júlio C|JC|', 'Chaud|Marco V|MV|', 'Oliveira Júnior|José M|JM|', 'Tubino|Matthieu|M|', 'Balcão|Victor M|VM|']
water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsions protein entities Aqueous-core lipid nanoballoons diffusion coefficient Stokes–Einstein equation X-ray diffraction analysis infrared spectrophotometry with Fourier transform structural and functional stabilization