'Dignity therapy', a promising intervention in palliative care: A comprehensive systematic literature review.
BACKGROUND
Dignity therapy is psychotherapy to relieve psychological and existential distress in patients at the end of life. Little is known about its effect.


AIM
To analyse the outcomes of dignity therapy in patients with advanced life-threatening diseases.


DESIGN
Systematic review was conducted. Three authors extracted data of the articles and evaluated quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Data were synthesized, considering study objectives.


DATA SOURCES
PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO. The years searched were 2002 (year of dignity therapy development) to January 2016. 'Dignity therapy' was used as search term. Studies with patients with advanced life-threatening diseases were included.


RESULTS
Of 121 studies, 28 were included. Quality of studies is high. Results were grouped into effectiveness, satisfaction, suitability and feasibility, and adaptability to different diseases and cultures. Two of five randomized control trials applied dignity therapy to patients with high levels of baseline psychological distress. One showed statistically significant decrease on patients' anxiety and depression scores over time. The other showed statistical decrease on anxiety scores pre-post dignity therapy, not on depression. Nonrandomized studies suggested statistically significant improvements in existential and psychosocial measurements. Patients, relatives and professionals perceived it improved end-of-life experience.


CONCLUSION
Evidence suggests that dignity therapy is beneficial. One randomized controlled trial with patients with high levels of psychological distress shows DT efficacy in anxiety and depression scores. Other design studies report beneficial outcomes in terms of end-of-life experience. Further research should understand how dignity therapy functions to establish a means for measuring its impact and assessing whether high level of distress patients can benefit most from this therapy.
['Martínez|Marina|M|', 'Arantzamendi|María|M|', 'Belar|Alazne|A|', 'Carrasco|José Miguel|JM|', 'Carvajal|Ana|A|', 'Rullán|María|M|', 'Centeno|Carlos|C|']
D003376:Counseling D006801:Humans D010166:Palliative Care D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief D011788:Quality of Life D013315:Stress, Psychological D013727:Terminal Care D019452:Terminally Ill
Dignity therapy palliative care psychotherapy end of life terminal