The Bicycle Drawing Test: What Does It Measure in Developmentally Typical Children?
To verify the dimensionality of Bicycle Drawing Test (BDT), we applied the coding system of Greenberg, Rodriguez, and Sesta to bicycle drawings made by 295 boys and 320 girls (6-10 years old) with typical development, and submitted the data to item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. These analyses confirmed only two of the original four dimensions of the BDT: spatial reasoning and visual-motor control. The scores in these two factors were correlated with the Colored Progressive Matrices, the Rey Complex Figure (Copy and Memory) and with the teachers' ratings in mathematics, language, and drawing. The correlations, albeit moderate in magnitude, were consistent with the hypothesized convergent and discriminant validity. After checking for measurement invariance across gender and age, we conducted two analyses of variance, the first of which showed a significant difference between younger children (6-8 years old) and older children (9-10 years old); the analysis of variance by gender did not yield significant differences. These data enhance the usefulness of the BDT as a measure of separate cognitive components, but do not support its use as a measure of mechanical reasoning.
['Cannoni|Eleonora|E|', 'Di Norcia|Anna|A|', 'Bombi|Anna Silvia|AS|', 'Di Giunta|Laura|L|']
D000367:Age Factors D000704:Analysis of Variance D002648:Child D003071:Cognition D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008297:Male D011386:Projective Techniques D002666:Psychology, Child D011594:Psychometrics D011597:Psychomotor Performance D012737:Sex Factors D013028:Space Perception
Bicycle Drawing Test spatial reasoning childhood visual-motor ability