New pharmacotherapy options for noninfectious posterior uveitis.
INTRODUCTION
Noninfectious inflammation of the posterior eye segment represents an important cause of visual impairment. It often affects relatively young people and causes a significant personal and social impact. Although steroids and nonbiologic- Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (nbDMARDs) are effective both in acute and long- lasting diseases, however they are increasingly being replaced by biologic (DMARDs). bDMARD. This article therefore aims to identify recent advances in the therapy of noninfectious posterior segment uveitis.


METHODS
A Medline-search was conducted using the terms: nbDMARD, bDMARD, posterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, treatment, corticosteroid. In addition, clinical studies were included as registered at ClinicalTrials.gov.


RESULTS
Currently two major lines of treatments can be identified: (1) the intraocular application of anti-inflammatory agents and (2) the introduction of new agents, e.g., (bDMARDs) and small-molecule-inhibitors. Whereas intravitreal treatments have the advantage to avoid systemic side effects, new systemic agents are progressively earning credit on the basis of their therapeutic effects.


CONCLUSION
Even when current treatment strategies are still hampered by the limited number of randomized controlled trials, promising progress and continuous efforts are seen.
['Pleyer|Uwe|U|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5569-1473', 'Neri|Piergiorgio|P|', 'Deuter|Christoph|C|']
D000293:Adolescent D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501:Antirheumatic Agents D006801:Humans D014605:Uveitis D015867:Uveitis, Intermediate D015866:Uveitis, Posterior
Uveitis nbDMARD bDMARD Therapy Corticosteroid tsDMARD