Autistic Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria.
Studies have shown an increase of symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in gender dysphoria (GD). Various hypotheses try to explain this possible co-occurrence (e.g., a role of resistance to change, stereotyped behaviors or prenatal testosterone exposure). This study examined ASD symptoms with the Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) in 490 children with GD compared to 2507 typically developing (TD) and 196 children with ASD. CSBQ total scores of the GD sample were in between scores from the TD and ASD sample. The GD sample showed elevated levels of autistic symptomatology on all subdomains, not only on stereotyped and resistance to change. Further, no gender differences and interaction effects were found on the total CSBQ, making a sole role for prenatal testosterone unlikely.
['van der Miesen|Anna I R|AIR|', 'de Vries|Annelou L C|ALC|', 'Steensma|Thomas D|TD|', 'Hartman|Catharina A|CA|']
D000293:Adolescent D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder D016022:Case-Control Studies D002648:Child D005260:Female D000068116:Gender Dysphoria D006801:Humans D008297:Male D011247:Pregnancy D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects D012727:Sex Characteristics D012919:Social Behavior D013239:Stereotyped Behavior D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Gender dysphoria Autism spectrum disorder Co-occurrence Comorbidity Gender identity disorder