Non-lens-based surgical techniques for presbyopia correction.
INTRODUCTION
Presbyopia is the most prevalent refractive error. With a progressive aging population, its surgical correction is an important challenge for the ophthalmology community, as well as the millions of patients who suffer from it, and who are increasingly demanding alternatives to its correction with glasses or contact lenses.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
A review is presented with a synthesised discussion on the pathophysiological theories of presbyopia and an updated and analytical description of the non-lens involvement surgical techniques used to treat presbyopia.


RESULTS
Corneal procedures include various types of corneal implants and photo-ablative techniques that generate a multifocal cornea, or monovision. Scleral procedures exert a traction on supralenticular sclera that supposedly would improve the amplitude of accommodation.


CONCLUSIONS
None of the techniques are able to completely eliminate the need for near -vision glasses, but many of them manage to improve the refractive status of the patients. More studies with rigorous and standardised methods and longer follow-up are needed to evaluate the changes in the near vision of the patients, in order to corroborate the real and practical usefulness of many of these techniques.
['Bilbao-Calabuig|R|R|', 'Llovet-Osuna|F|F|']
D006801:Humans D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures D011305:Presbyopia
Monovision Cirugía de la presbicia Conductive keratoplasty Corneal inlays Implantes corneales Láser multifocal Monovisión Multifocal laser PresbiLASIK PresbyLASIK Presbyopia surgery Queratoplastia conductiva