Interplay between the Mediterranean diet and C-reactive protein genetic polymorphisms towards inflammation in adolescents.
AIM
From a nutrigenetics perspective, we aim to investigate the moderating role of the Mediterranean diet and each of its subgroups in the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphisms and CRP blood concentration in adolescents.


METHODS
In 562 adolescents (13-17 y) of the European HELENA study, data was available on circulating CRP levels as inflammatory biomarker, three CRP gene SNPs (rs3093068, rs1204, rs1130864), food intake determined by a self-administered computerized 24 h-dietary recall for 2 days, and body composition. A 9-point Mediterranean diet score and each food subgroup were tested as moderator via SNP*diet interaction. Analyzes were adjusted for age, sex, puberty, adiposity and socioeconomic status.


RESULTS
The minor allele frequencies of rs3093068 and rs1130864 SNPs (GG and TT, respectively) were associated with higher CRP concentrations, while rs1205 (CT/TT) was associated with lower CRP concentrations. There were significant interactions between rs3093068 and Mediterranean diet (B = -0.1139, p = 0.011), or the fish food subgroup (B = -0.0090, p = 0.022), so that those with the highest genetic CRP risk underwent the highest CRP attenuation by a healthier diet. Although the effect of diet and SNP was substantial, the explained variance by interaction was only 1%.


CONCLUSION
Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and particularly its fish component was associated with a lower CRP blood concentrations especially in those at highest genetic risk due to the rs3093068 SNP.
['Arouca|Aline B|AB|', 'Meirhaeghe|Aline|A|', 'Dallongeville|Jean|J|', 'Moreno|Luis A|LA|', 'Lourenço|Gustavo Jacob|GJ|', 'Marcos|Ascensión|A|', 'Huybrechts|Inge|I|', 'Manios|Yannis|Y|', 'Lambrinou|Christina-Paulina|CP|', 'Gottrand|Frederic|F|', 'Kafatos|Anthony|A|', 'Kersting|Mathilde|M|', 'Sjöström|Michael|M|', 'Widhalm|Kurt|K|', 'Ferrari|Marika|M|', 'Molnár|Denes|D|', 'González-Gross|Marcela|M|', 'Forsner|Maria|M|', 'De Henauw|Stefaan|S|', 'Michels|Nathalie|N|', '|||']
D000293:Adolescent D000367:Age Factors D000818:Animals D002097:C-Reactive Protein D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D038441:Diet, Mediterranean D005060:Europe D005260:Female D005399:Fishes D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease D006801:Humans D007249:Inflammation D008297:Male D054647:Nutrigenomics D009753:Nutritive Value D010641:Phenotype D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide D018570:Risk Assessment D012307:Risk Factors D017747:Seafood
Mediterranean diet C-reactive protein Inflammation Interaction Nutrigenomics Single nucleotide polymorphism