General Anesthesia Versus Local Anesthesia in Carotid Endarterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The choice of anesthetic technique in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been controversial. This study compared the outcomes of general anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) in CEA.


DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.


SETTING
Hospitals.


PARTICIPANTS
Adult patients undergoing CEA with either LA or GA.


INTERVENTIONS
The effects of GA and LA on CEA outcomes were compared.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
PubMed, OVID, Scopus, and Embase were searched to June 2018. Thirty-one studies with 152,376 patients were analyzed. A random effect model was used, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 and chi-square tests. LA was associated with shorter surgical time (weighted mean difference -9.15 min [-15.55 to -2.75]; p = 0.005) and less stroke (odds ratio [OR] 0.76 [0.62-0.92]; p = 0.006), cardiac complications (OR 0.59 [0.47-0.73]; p < 0.00001), and in-hospital mortality (OR 0.72 [0.59-0.90]; p = 0.003). Transient neurologic deficit rates were similar (OR 0.69 [0.46-1.04]; p = 0.07). Heterogeneity was significant for surgical time (I2 = 0.99, chi-square = 1,336.04; p < 0.00001), transient neurologic deficit (I2 = 0.41, chi-square = 28.81; p = 0.04), and cardiac complications (I2 = 0.42, chi-square = 43.32; p = 0.01) but not for stroke (I2 = 0.22, chi-square = 30.72; p = 0.16) and mortality (I2 = 0.00, chi-square = 21.69; p = 0.65). Randomized controlled trial subgroup analysis was performed, and all the aforementioned variables were not significantly different or heterogenous.


CONCLUSION
The results from this study showed no inferiority of using LA to GA in patients undergoing CEA. Future investigations should be reported more systematically, preferably with randomization or propensity-matched analysis, and thus registries will facilitate investigation of this subject. Anesthetic choice in CEA should be individualized and encouraged where applicable.
['Harky|Amer|A|', 'Chan|Jeffrey Shi Kai|JSK|', 'Kot|Thompson Ka Ming|TKM|', 'Sanli|Dilan|D|', 'Rahimli|Rashad|R|', 'Belamaric|Zlatka|Z|', 'Ng|Marcus|M|', 'Kwan|Ian Yu Young|IYY|', 'Bithas|Christiana|C|', 'Makar|Ragai|R|', 'Chandrasekar|Ramasubramanyan|R|', 'Dimitri|Sameh|S|']
D000328:Adult D000768:Anesthesia, General D000772:Anesthesia, Local D016893:Carotid Stenosis D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid D006801:Humans D012307:Risk Factors D020521:Stroke D016896:Treatment Outcome
general anesthesia local anesthesia carotid endarterectomy anesthetic technique