Novel insights of dietary polyphenols and obesity.
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the past three decades both in the United States and worldwide. Recent studies have shown the role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Here, we evaluated the impact of commonly consumed polyphenols, including green tea catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallates, resveratrol and curcumin, on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. Cellular studies demonstrated that these dietary polyphenols reduce viability of adipocytes and proliferation of preadipocytes, suppress adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation, stimulate lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, and reduce inflammation. Concomitantly, the polyphenols modulate signaling pathways including the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma activator 1-alpha, sirtuin 1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, uncoupling proteins 1 and 2, and nuclear factor-κB that regulate adipogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Animal studies strongly suggest that commonly consumed polyphenols described in this review have a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by lower body weight, fat mass and triglycerides through enhancing energy expenditure and fat utilization, and modulating glucose hemostasis. Limited human studies have been conducted in this area and are inconsistent about the antiobesity impact of dietary polyphenols probably due to the various study designs and lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), chemical forms of the dietary polyphenols used and confounding factors such as other weight-reducing agents. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to reconcile the discrepancies between preclinical efficacies and inconclusive clinic outcomes of these polyphenols.
['Wang|Shu|S|', 'Moustaid-Moussa|Naima|N|', 'Chen|Lixia|L|', 'Mo|Huanbiao|H|', 'Shastri|Anuradha|A|', 'Su|Rui|R|', 'Bapat|Priyanka|P|', 'Kwun|InSook|I|', 'Shen|Chwan-Li|CL|']
D017667:Adipocytes D000818:Animals D002392:Catechin D002454:Cell Differentiation D003474:Curcumin D004032:Diet D006801:Humans D009765:Obesity D010936:Plant Extracts D059808:Polyphenols D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic D000077185:Resveratrol D013267:Stilbenes D013662:Tea
Dietary polyphenols Obesity green tea catechin epigallocatechin epigallocatechin gallate triglyceride fatty acid adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α sirtuin 1 uncoupling protein nuclear factor-κB Antioxidants Animal body weight fat mass Human randomized controlled trial ABCA1 ACAT ACC AGP AMPK ATGL Apo BMI BW C/EBPα CPT-1 CVD Cell DBP EC ECG EGC EGCG FA FABP4 FAS FASN FFA FFM FM FOXO1 GPAT GPX GSSG GTC GTE GTP HDL-C HF HOMA-IR HSL IFN IGF-I IL LDL-C LPL LXR MAPK MCP-1 MDA MMP Molecular mechanism NF-κB PAI-1 PDEs PGC-1α PON PPARγ RCT ROS SBP SCD1 SIRT1 SOD SREBP-1c TBARS TC TG TNF-α UCP aP2 acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette A1 adipocyte P2 protein, which is also known as aFABP, the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein or FAPB-4 adipose triglyceride lipase aminoalkyl glucosaminide 4-phosphate apolipoprotein body mass index cAMP cardiovascular disease carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 cyclic adenosine monophosphate diastolic blood pressure epicatechin epicatechin gallate fat-free mass fatty acid binding protein 4 fatty acid synthase forkhead box protein O1 free fatty acid glutathione disulfide glutathione peroxidase glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase green tea extracts green tea polyphenols high fat high-density lipoprotein cholesterol homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance hormone-sensitive lipase insulin-like growth factor-I interferon interleukin lipoprotein lipase liver X receptor low-density lipoprotein cholesterol malondialdehyde matrix metalloproteinase mitogen-activated protein kinase monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 paraoxonase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha phosphodiesterases plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 reactive oxygen species stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c superoxide dismutase systolic blood pressure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances total cholesterol tumor necrosis factor-alpha