Adherence profiles in kidney transplant patients: Causes and consequences.
OBJECTIVE
Adherence is a dynamic phenomenon and a critical determinant of transplant patients outcome. The objective of this longitudinal study was to explore adherence in kidney transplant patients followed-up for up to three years after transplantation.


METHODS
Adherence was repeatedly estimated using the Morisky-Green-Levine 4-Item Medication Adherence Scale, in two successive cohorts of 345 (EPIGREN) and 367 (EPHEGREN) kidney transplant recipients. Mixed effect modeling with latent processes and latent classes was used to describe adherence time-profiles.


RESULTS
Two latent classes were identified. The adherent class represented 85% of the patients. Patients of the poorer-adherence class displayed a lower adherence at one month (p<10-3), which worsened over time. Good adherence was associated with age >50 years, fewer depression episodes (5% vs. 13%, p = 0.001) and a better mental health component of quality of life (MCS-SF36 47 ± 11 vs. 41 ± 13, p = 0.015). Survival without acute rejection episodes was longer in the adherent class (p = 0.004).


CONCLUSIONS
The risk of poor adherence in renal transplant patients can be detected as early as one month post-transplantation, using appropriate and easy tools adapted to routine monitoring.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
An early focus on vulnerable patients should allow putting into place actions in order to reduce the risk of poor outcome related to poor adherence.
['Villeneuve|Claire|C|', 'Rousseau|Annick|A|', 'Rerolle|Jean-Phillipe|JP|', 'Couzi|Lionel|L|', 'Kamar|Nassim|N|', 'Essig|Marie|M|', 'Etienne|Isabelle|I|', 'Westeel|Pierre-Francois|PF|', 'Büchler|Mathias|M|', 'Esposito|Laure|L|', 'Thierry|Antoine|A|', 'Marquet|Pierre|P|', 'Monchaud|Caroline|C|']
D006801:Humans D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents D016030:Kidney Transplantation D008137:Longitudinal Studies D055118:Medication Adherence D008875:Middle Aged D011788:Quality of Life
Adherence Kidney transplantation Immunosuppressant