Prehospital ketamine administration to pediatric trauma patients with head injuries in combat theaters.
BACKGROUND
Head injuries frequently occur in combat. Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines recommend pre-hospital use of ketamine for analgesia. Yet the use of this medication in patients with head injuries remains controversial, particularly among pediatric patients. We compare survival to hospital discharge rates among pediatric head injury subjects who received prehospital ketamine versus those who did not.


METHODS
We queried the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DODTR) for all pediatric (<18 years of age) subjects from January 2007 to January 2016. We performed a sub-analysis of subjects with an abbreviated injury severity score for the head of 3 (serious) or higher and at least one documented Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤13.


RESULTS
Of the 3439 pediatric patients within our dataset, 555 subjects met inclusion criteria for head injury - 36 (6.5%) received prehospital ketamine versus 519 (93.5%) who did not. There was no significant difference noted between groups regarding median age (10 versus 8, p = 0.259), percent male gender (72.2% versus 76.3%, p = 0.579), mechanism of injury (p = 0.143), median composite injury scores (22 versus 20, p = 0.082), median ventilator-free days (28 versus 27, p = 0.068), median ICU-free days (27.5 versus 27, p = 0.767), median hospital days (3.5 versus 4, p = 0.876) or survival to discharge (66.7% versus 70.7%, p = 0.607).


CONCLUSIONS
Within this data set, we were unable to detect any differences in mortality among pediatric head trauma subjects administered ketamine compared to subjects not receiving this medication in the prehospital setting.
['Hill|Guyon J|GJ|', 'April|Michael D|MD|', 'Maddry|Joseph K|JK|', 'Schauer|Steven G|SG|']
D000293:Adolescent D000698:Analgesia D002648:Child D002675:Child, Preschool D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma D004632:Emergency Medical Services D005260:Female D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale D006801:Humans D007649:Ketamine D016015:Logistic Models D008297:Male D010146:Pain D059408:Pain Management D012042:Registries D012189:Retrospective Studies D014481:United States D059030:United States Department of Defense D000067398:War-Related Injuries
Prehospital Ketamine Pediatric Trauma Head TBI