Leadership Amongst Regional and National Surgical Organizations: The Tides Are Changing.
INTRODUCTION
Leadership amongst professional organizations is a key opportunity for scholarly activity which is essential for academic advancement. Our objective was to examine the differences between men and women in leadership within surgical organizations.


METHODS
Credentials were obtained through an internet search. Variables included organization type, leadership role, gender, advanced degree, medical school graduation year, and publications. A bivariate analysis was performed between genders. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
Five hundred forty-three leaders were identified in 43 surgical organizations. There was a significant difference in the number of male and female leaders (72.7% vs 27.3%, p=0.016). Women were most likely to hold the role of "Other", which consisted of lower-level leadership roles including committee chair positions and resident and medical student delegates (35.5%). Fewer women had publications (85.8% vs 92.9%, p=0.01), more women had advanced degrees (24.5% vs 17.0%, p=0.049), and women were involved earlier in their careers (5.9 years, 95% CI 4.1-7.7 years, p<0.001) than their male colleagues.


CONCLUSION
Gender disparity in leadership of surgical organizations exists. Women are involved earlier in their careers and hold lower-level leadership positions reflecting potential for increased involvement in high-level leadership roles in the future. Data need to be trended to discern if women in surgical organizations rise within leadership roles as more women continue to enter surgical subspecialties.
['Krise|Stephanie M|SM|', 'Etheart|Ian|I|', 'Perzynski|Adam|A|', 'Como|John|J|', 'Carneval|Mary|M|', 'Conrad-Schnetz|Kristen|K|']
surgical organization women in leadership academic leadership academic promotion academic surgery gender equity gender parity organization leadership surgical careers women in surgery