Potential of stem cell-derived exosomes to regenerate β islets through Pdx-1 dependent mechanism in a rat model of type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes, has been recognized as an autoimmune disease. Like other immunological conditions, regulation of immune response is a key strategy to control the autoimmunity in diabetic patients. Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to have a distinct potential in modulating the immune reactions. However, treatment with stem cells is combined with concerns about safety issues. To overcome these concerns, in this study, we have utilized the regenerative potential of exosomes isolated from menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells to restore the β-cell mass and insulin production in type 1 diabetes. Exosomes are nanovesicles containing various cargos involved in cellular communications. Streptozotocin was used to induce islet destruction and diabetes in male Wistar rats. Then, exosomes were intravenously injected into animals at different time points and in a single or repeated therapeutic doses. After about 6 weeks, animals were euthanized and the pancreas was analyzed for the presence of the regenerated β islets as well as the insulin secretion. The non-fasting blood glucose and the serum insulin level were also monitored during the study. Our results represented that menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enhance the β-cell mass and insulin production in the pancreas of diabetic animals that received repeated doses of exosomes. Immunohistochemistry analysis also confirmed the presence of insulin in the islets of treated animals. Further investigations proposed that exosomes induce the islet regeneration through pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 pathway. The exosome tracking also revealed the homing of injected exosomes to the pancreas.
['Mahdipour|Elahe|E|0000-0002-8797-4718', 'Salmasi|Zahra|Z|', 'Sabeti|Nona|N|']
D000818:Animals D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 D004195:Disease Models, Animal D055354:Exosomes D018398:Homeodomain Proteins D006801:Humans D007328:Insulin D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells D008297:Male D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells D010179:Pancreas D017208:Rats, Wistar D012038:Regeneration D013234:Stem Cells D015534:Trans-Activators
exosome type 1 diabetes mesenchymal stem cell pancreas menstrual blood β cell