A review of Sulfur Mustard-induced pulmonary immunopathology: An Alveolar Macrophage Approach.
Despite many studies investigating the mechanism of Sulfur Mustard (SM) induced lung injury, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Inflammatory and subsequent fibroproliferative stages of SM-toxicity are based upon several highly-related series of events controlled by the immune system. The inhalation of SM gas variably affects different cell populations within the lungs. Various studies have shown the critical role of macrophages in triggering a pulmonary inflammatory response as well as its maintenance, resolution, and repair. Importantly, macrophages can serve as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory populations depending on the present conditions at any pathological stage. Different characteristics of macrophages, including their differentiation, phenotypic, and functional properties, as well as interactions with other cell populations determine the outcomes of lung diseases and the extent of long- or short-term pulmonary damage induced by SM. In this paper, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of alveolar macrophages and their mediators in the pathogenesis of SM in pulmonary injury. Investigating the specific cells and mechanisms involved in SM-lung injury may be useful in finding new target opportunities for treatment of this injury.
['Sadeghi|Somaye|S|', 'Tapak|Mahtab|M|', 'Ghazanfari|Tooba|T|', 'Mosaffa|Nariman|N|']
D056704:Adaptive Immunity D000818:Animals D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents D006801:Humans D007113:Immunity, Innate D018928:Immunity, Mucosal D008168:Lung D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar D009151:Mustard Gas
Alveolar macrophage Sulfur mustard Inflammation Oxidative stress