Cannabinoid and nitric oxide signaling interplay in the modulation of hippocampal hyperexcitability: Study on electrophysiological and behavioral models of temporal lobe epilepsy in the rat.
A growing bulk of evidence suggests that cannabinoid system plays a pivotal role in the control of hyperexcitability phenomena. Notwithstanding, the anticonvulsant action of cannabinoids has not been fully addressed, in particular the involvement of potential cellular neuromodulators, for instance nitric oxide. In the current study, we focused on two distinct rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy, the Maximal Dentate Activation and the pilocarpine-induced acute seizures, providing both electrophysiological and behavioral data on cannabinoid and nitrergic system interplay. We evaluated the antiepileptic effects of WIN 55,212-2, (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-Yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN), a CB agonist, and of 7-Nitroindazole (7NI), a preferential neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, at different doses, alone and in combination. MDA study showed that these drugs protected animals in a dose-dependent manner from electrically induced epileptiform discharges. In pilocarpine model, a dose-related activity of 7NI and WIN: a) decreased the behavioral scoring, used to describe the severity of chemically induced acute seizures; b) affected latency of the onset of acute convulsions; c) dampened mortality rate. Interestingly, the combination of the treatments brought to light that individually ineffective doses of WIN turn into effective when nNOS activity is pharmacologically inhibited in both experimental conditions. This effect is mediated by CB1 receptor since the co-administration of N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251), a CB1 receptor specific antagonist, thwarted the 7NI-WIN convergent action. In the light of this, our findings suggest a putative antagonism between CBr-activated pathway and NO signaling in the context of neuronal hyperexcitability and contribute to elucidate possible synaptic processes underlying neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids, with a view to better integrate antiepileptic therapy.
['Carletti|F|F|', 'Gambino|G|G|', 'Rizzo|V|V|', 'Ferraro|G|G|', 'Sardo|P|P|']
D000818:Animals D048588:Benzoxazines D063386:Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists D002186:Cannabinoids D004195:Disease Models, Animal D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe D006624:Hippocampus D007191:Indazoles D008297:Male D009025:Morpholines D009281:Naphthalenes D009569:Nitric Oxide D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase D010862:Pilocarpine D010880:Piperidines D011720:Pyrazoles D051381:Rats D017208:Rats, Wistar D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1
cannabinoids electrophysiology behavior temporal lobe epilepsy hippocampus percentage of protection