Risk factors associated with nephrolithiasis: a case-control study in China.
Nephrolithiasis is a multifactorial disease. The authors conducted a case-control study in China to explore its associated risk factors. A total of 725 nephrolithiasis patients and 553 controls were asked to complete a questionnaire that asked for information about psychological, behavioral, and dietary factors along with a physical and blood biochemical examination. For men, higher education was negatively associated with nephrolithiasis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-1.0), whereas hypso-waist-to-hip ratio (hypso-WHR), defined as WHRs >0.9 for men and >0.8 for women (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4-3.4); overexercise (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.3-3.5); and having experienced negative life events (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.1) were positively associated with nephrolithiasis. For women, higher fluid intake was negatively associated with nephrolithiasis (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.3-0.9), and abnormal status of blood pressure (BP) and blood lipids was positively associated with nephrolithiasis. Varied factors were related to differences in nephrolithiasis occurrence between genders. Besides taking enough fluids, maintaining a normal metabolic status, avoiding overexercise, and reducing BP might be beneficial in preventing nephrolithiasis.
['Zhao|Ai|A|', 'Dai|Meng|M|', 'Chen|Yu Juan|YJ|', 'Chang|Hong En|HE|', 'Liu|Ai Ping|AP|', 'Wang|Pei Yu|PY|']
D000328:Adult D001794:Blood Pressure D016022:Case-Control Studies D002681:China D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D053040:Nephrolithiasis D016017:Odds Ratio D012307:Risk Factors D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
nephrolithiasis case-control study behaviors metabolic status psychological factors