Translation and cultural adaptation of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Portuguese (Brazil) to evaluate patients with head and neck cancer.
INTRODUCTION
Head and neck cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide and its treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The surgical procedure may cause mutilating sequelae, that can alter patient self-image. Thus, head and neck cancer is often connected to the negative stigma with decreased quality of life. Few studies assess the social stigma and shame perceived by patients with head and neck cancer.


OBJECTIVE
To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Portuguese (Brazil).


METHODS
Two independent translations (English into Portuguese) were carried out by two professionals fluent in the English language. After the synthesis of the translations, two independent back-translations (from Portuguese into English) were performed by two translators whose native language is English. All translations were critically assessed by a committee of experts consisting of five members. A sample of 15 patients answered the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SSS to carry out the pretest. At this step, the patients were able to suggest modifications and evaluate the understanding of the items.


RESULTS
There was no need to change the scale after this step. Based on the previous steps, we obtained the Portuguese (Brazil) version of the SSS, which was called "Escala de Vergonha e Estigma".


CONCLUSION
The Portuguese (Brazil) version of the SSP was shown to be adequate to be applied to the population with HNC and, therefore, the psychometric properties of the tool will be evaluated during following steps.
['Pirola|William Eduardo|WE|', 'Paiva|Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro|BSR|', 'Barroso|Eliane Marçon|EM|', 'Kissane|David W|DW|', 'Serrano|Claudia Valéria Maseti Pimenta|CVMP|', 'Paiva|Carlos Eduardo|CE|']
D000368:Aged D001938:Brazil D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison D003466:Cultural Characteristics D005260:Female D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms D006801:Humans D007802:Language D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D011788:Quality of Life D015203:Reproducibility of Results D012752:Shame D018434:Sickness Impact Profile D057545:Social Stigma D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires D014177:Translations
Shame Head and neck cancer Quality of life Social stigma Vergonha Estigma social Neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço Qualidade de vida