Recognizing Isolated Ulnar Fractures as Potential Markers for Intimate Partner Violence.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in women with isolated ulnar fractures and compare the injury characteristics in victims of IPV with those who sustained the same fractures due to other causes.


METHODS
Electronic health records from three level I trauma centers were queried to identify a cohort of women, aged 18 to 50, sustaining isolated ulnar fractures from 2005 to 2019. Radiographs were reviewed for fracture location, comminution, and displacement. Demographic data, number of visits to the emergency department, and documentation of IPV were also collected. Patients were stratified into four groups based on clinical chart review: confirmed IPV, possible IPV, not suspected for IPV, and not IPV. Historical imaging analysis for IPV prediction was also performed.


RESULTS
There were 62 patients, with a mean age of 31 years (IPV: 12 confirmed, 8 possible, 8 suspected not IPV, 34 confirmed not IPV). Comparative analysis with and without suspected cases demonstrated IPV to be associated with nondisplaced fractures (95% versus 43%; P < .001 and 91% versus 44%; P = .012). Confirmed cases were also associated with homelessness (46% versus 0%; P < .001), and the number of documented emergency department visits (median 7.0; interquartile range 2.0-12.8 versus 1.0; interquartile range 1.0-2.0; P < .001). Formal documentation of IPV evaluation was completed in only 14 of 62 (22.5%) patients. Historical imaging analysis predicted IPV in 8 of 12 (75%) confirmed IPV cases.


CONCLUSION
Up to one-third of adult women sustaining isolated ulnar fractures may be the victims of IPV. Lack of displacement on radiographs, frequent emergency department visits, and homelessness would favor IPV etiology.
['Khurana|Bharti|B|', 'Sing|David|D|', 'Gujrathi|Rahul|R|', 'Keraliya|Abhishek|A|', 'Bay|Camden P|CP|', 'Chen|Irene|I|', 'Seltzer|Steven E|SE|', 'Boland|Giles W|GW|', 'Harris|Mitchel B|MB|', 'Dyer|George S M|GSM|', 'Tornetta|Paul|P|']
D000328:Adult D015331:Cohort Studies D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital D005260:Female D050723:Fractures, Bone D006801:Humans D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence D012189:Retrospective Studies
fracture intimate partner violence Domestic Violence