Submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system using four adsorbents to remove nitrate from water.
Nitrate contamination of ground and surface waters causes environmental pollution and human health problems in many parts of the world. This study tests the nitrate removal efficiencies of two ion exchange resins (Dowex 21K XLT and iron-modified Dowex 21K XLT (Dowex-Fe)) and two chemically modified bio-adsorbents (amine-grafted corn cob (AG corn cob) and amine-grafted coconut copra (AG coconut copra)) using a dynamic adsorption treatment system. A submerged membrane (microfiltration) adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS) was used for the continuous removal of nitrate with a minimal amount of adsorbents. The efficiency of membrane filtration flux and replacement rate of adsorbent were studied to determine suitable operating conditions to maintain the effluent nitrate concentration below the WHO drinking standard limit of 11.3 mg N/L. The volume of water treated and the amount of nitrate adsorbed per gramme of adsorbent for all four flux tested were in the order Dowex-Fe > Dowex > AG coconut copra > AG corn cob. The volumes of water treated (L/g adsorbent) were 0.91 and 1.85, and the amount of nitrate removed (mg N/g adsorbent) were 9.8 and 22.2 for AG corn cob and Dowex-Fe, respectively, at a flux of 15 L/(m2/h).
['Kalaruban|Mahatheva|M|', 'Loganathan|Paripurnanda|P|', 'Kandasamy|Jaya|J|', 'Vigneswaran|Saravanamuthu|S|']
D000327:Adsorption D000588:Amines D003059:Cocos D005374:Filtration D006801:Humans D007475:Ion Exchange Resins D007501:Iron D009566:Nitrates D009589:Nitrogen Oxides D018514:Plant Structures D012117:Resins, Synthetic D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical D018508:Water Purification D003313:Zea mays
Nitrate removal Ion exchange resin Bio-adsorbents Membrane filtration/adsorption system Transmembrane pressure