Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits Human Glioma U373 Cell Progression via Regulating the SRC/MAPKs Signal Pathway: Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis.
Introduction
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a type of polyphenolic substance that is widely extracted from many traditional Chinese medicines (eg, Lonicera japonica Thunb, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) and exhibits a wide range of anti-tumor effects. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of CGA in glioma U373 cells remain unclear.


Methods
Network pharmacology analysis was used to explore the potential therapeutic targets of CGA in glioma. Human glioma U373 cells were treated with different concentrations of CGA for 24 h. CCK-8 assays were used to detect the inhibitory rate of cell growth. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to detect apoptosis. PI staining was used to investigate cell-cycle progression. Wound healing assays and transwell assays were used to detect the cell migration and invasion, respectively. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure protein levels in vitro and in vivo.


Results
The proliferation of U373 cells was significantly inhibited by CGA in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CGA significantly arrested the cell cycle of U373 cells in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Moreover, CGA significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of U373 cells. Additionally, we found that CGA inhibited the growth of U373 cells in vivo. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis suggested that the anti-tumor effects of CGA on U373 cells were associated with the down-regulation of the SRC/MAPKs signaling pathway.


Discussion
The present study indicated that CGA had anti-glioma effects on U373 cells by down-regulating SRC/MAPKs signal pathway.
['Zhou|Jiabin|J|', 'Zhang|Fengqi|F|', 'Chen|Jun|J|', 'Zhang|Shilin|S|', 'Wang|Haijun|H|']
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents D017209:Apoptosis D049109:Cell Proliferation D002470:Cell Survival D002726:Chlorogenic Acid D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug D015536:Down-Regulation D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor D006801:Humans D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases D015398:Signal Transduction D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured D019061:src-Family Kinases
chlorogenic acid SRC/MAPKs signal pathway network pharmacology apoptosis migration and invasion