Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I-Source, Fate and Occurrence.
Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a systematic review on their source, fate and occurrence in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The results obtained evidence that concentrations of pharmaceuticals are present, in decreasing order, in wastewater influents (WWIs), wastewater effluents (WWEs) and surface waters, with values up to 14 mg L-1 for ibuprofen in WWIs. The therapeutic groups which presented higher detection frequencies and concentrations were anti-inflammatories, antiepileptics, antibiotics and lipid regulators. These results present a broad and specialized background, enabling a complete overview on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic compartments.
['Pereira|André|A|', 'Silva|Liliana|L|', 'Laranjeiro|Célia|C|', 'Lino|Celeste|C|', 'Pena|Angelina|A|']
D004784:Environmental Monitoring D006801:Humans D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations D018570:Risk Assessment D045483:Rivers D062065:Waste Water D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical D018508:Water Purification
pharmaceuticals aquatic compartments environmental contaminants pharmaceuticals occurrence