Pleurotus giganteus (Berk. Karun & Hyde), the giant oyster mushroom inhibits NO production in LPS/H2O2 stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via STAT 3 and COX-2 pathways.
BACKGROUND
Pleurotus giganteus (Berk. Karunarathna and K.D. Hyde), has been used as a culinary mushroom and is known to have medicinal properties but its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent to mitigate inflammation triggered diseases is untapped. In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of ethanol extract of P. giganteus (EPG) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and combination of LPS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced inflammation on RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated.


METHOD
The effect of EPG on nitric oxide (NO) production as an indicator of inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages was estimated based on Griess reaction that measures nitrite level. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NF-kB activating protein (NKAP), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein (STAT 3) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) genes were assessed using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach.


RESULTS
EPG (10 μg/ml) showed the highest reduction in the LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) the expression iNOS, STAT 3 and COX-2. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in combination of LPS and H2O2- induced iNOS production when compared to the LPS-induced iNOS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and this concurred with the NO production which was attenuated by EPG at 10 μg/ml. A significant (p < 0.05) down regulation was observed in the combination of LPS and H2O2-induced iNOS and GPx expression by EPG.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of EPG is mediated via the suppression of the STAT 3 and COX-2 pathways and can serve as potential endogenous antioxidant stimulant.
['Baskaran|Asweni|A|', 'Chua|Kek Heng|KH|', 'Sabaratnam|Vikineswary|V|', 'Ravishankar Ram|Mani|M|', 'Kuppusamy|Umah Rani|UR|']
D000818:Animals D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents D001685:Biological Factors D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide D008070:Lipopolysaccharides D008264:Macrophages D051379:Mice D009569:Nitric Oxide D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II D020076:Pleurotus D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor D015398:Signal Transduction
Pleurotus giganteus Mushroom NO production STAT 3 COX-2 Lipopolysaccharide Macrophage anti-inflammation