Lower genetic variability of HIV-1 and antiretroviral drug resistance in pregnant women from the state of Pará, Brazil.
BACKGROUND
The present study aimed to describe the genetic diversity of HIV-1, as well as the resistance profile of the viruses identified in HIV-1 infected pregnant women under antiretroviral therapy in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil.


METHODS
Blood samples were collected from 45 HIV-1 infected pregnant to determine the virus subtypes according to the HIV-1 protease (PR) gene and part of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) gene by sequencing the nucleotides of these regions. Drug resistance mutations and susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs were analyzed by the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.


RESULTS
Out of 45 samples, only 34 could be amplified for PR and 30 for RT. Regarding the PR gene, subtypes B (97.1%) and C (2.9%) were identified; for the RT gene, subtypes B (90.0%), F (6.7%), and C (3.3%) were detected. Resistance to protease inhibitors (PI) was identified in 5.8% of the pregnant, and mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 3.3%, while mutations conferring resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 3.3%.


CONCLUSIONS
These results showed a low frequency of strains resistant to antiretroviral drugs, the prevalence of subtypes B and F, and the persistent low transmission of subtype C in pregnant of the state of Pará, Brazil.
['Machado|Luiz Fernando Almeida|LF|', 'Costa|Iran Barros|IB|', 'Folha|Maria Nazaré|MN|', 'da Luz|Anderson Levy Bessa|AL|', 'Vallinoto|Antonio Carlos Rosário|AC|', 'Ishak|Ricardo|R|', 'Ishak|Marluisa Oliveira Guimarães|MO|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D019380:Anti-HIV Agents D001938:Brazil D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral D005260:Female D014644:Genetic Variation D005838:Genotype D015658:HIV Infections D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase D015497:HIV-1 D006801:Humans D008297:Male D009154:Mutation D010298:Parity D010802:Phylogeny D011247:Pregnancy D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious D037841:Pregnant Women D015995:Prevalence D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors D055815:Young Adult
HIV-1 Pregnant Molecular epidemiology