Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preserve Adult Newborn Neurons and Reduce Neurological Injury after Cerebral Ischemia by Reducing the Number of Hypertrophic Microglia/Macrophages.
Microglia are the first source of a neuroinflammatory cascade, which seems to be involved in every phase of stroke-related neuronal damage. Two weeks after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), vehicle-treated rats displayed higher numbers of total ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells, greater cell body areas of Iba-1-positive cells, and higher numbers of hypertrophic Iba-1-positive cells (with a cell body area over 80 μm2) in the ipsilateral ischemic brain regions including the frontal cortex, striatum, and parietal cortex. In addition, MCAO decreased the number of migrating neuroblasts (or DCX- and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-positive cells) in the cortex, subventricular zone, and hippocampus of the ischemic brain, followed by neurological injury (including brain infarct and neurological deficits). Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs; 1 × 106 or 4 × 106) at 24 h after MCAO reduced neurological injury, decreased the number of hypertrophic microglia/macrophages, and increased the number of newborn neurons in rat brains. Thus, the accumulation of hypertrophic microglia/macrophages seems to be detrimental to neurogenesis after stroke. Treatment with hUC-MSCs preserved adult newborn neurons and reduced functional impairment after transient cerebral ischemia by reducing the number of hypertrophic microglia/macrophages.
['Lin|Willie|W|', 'Hsuan|Yogi Chang-Yo|YC|', 'Lin|Mao-Tsun|MT|', 'Kuo|Ting-Wei|TW|', 'Lin|Cheng-Hsien|CH|', 'Su|Yu-Chin|YC|', 'Niu|Ko-Chi|KC|', 'Chang|Ching-Ping|CP|0000-0003-0890-9414', 'Lin|Hung-Jung|HJ|']
D000704:Analysis of Variance D000818:Animals D002545:Brain Ischemia D049109:Cell Proliferation D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy D004195:Disease Models, Animal D000089662:Doublecortin Protein D006801:Humans D007150:Immunohistochemistry D008264:Macrophages D008297:Male D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells D017628:Microglia D009474:Neurons D051381:Rats D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley D014470:Umbilical Cord
umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells microglia stroke cell therapy