Diversity of the Bosmina (Cladocera: Bosminidae) in China, revealed by analysis of two genetic markers (mtDNA 16S and a nuclear ITS).
BACKGROUND
China is an important biogeographical zone in which the genetic legacies of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods are abundant, and the contemporary geography environment plays an important role in species distribution. Therefore, many biogeographical studies have focused on the organisms of the region, especially zooplankton, which is essential in the formation of biogeographical principles. Moreover, the generality of endemism also reinforces the need for detailed regional studies of zooplankton. Bosmina, a group of cosmopolitan zooplankton, is difficult to identify by morphology, and no genetic data are available to date to assess this species complex in China. In this study, 48 waterbodies were sampled covering a large geographical and ecological range in China, the goal of this research is to explore the species distribution of Bosmina across China and to reveal the genetic information of this species complex, based on two genetic markers (a mtDNA 16S and a nuclear ITS). The diversity of taxa in the Bosmina across China was investigated using molecular tools for the first time.


RESULTS
Two main species were detected in 35 waterbodies: an endemic east Asia B. fatalis, and the B. longirostris that has a Holarctic distribution. B. fatalis had lower genetic polymorphism and population differentiation than B. longirostris. B. fatalis was preponderant in central and eastern China, whereas B. longirostris was dominated in western China. The third lineage (B. hagmanni) was only detected in a reservoir (CJR) of eastern China (Guangdong province). Bosmina had limited distribution on the Tibetan plateau.


CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that the biogeography of Bosmina appear to be affected by historical events (Pleistocene glaciations) and contemporary environment (such as altitude, eutrophication and isolated habitat).
['Wang|Liufu|L|', 'Zhuang|Hang|H|', 'Zhang|Yingying|Y|', 'Wei|Wenzhi|W|']
D000818:Animals D002467:Cell Nucleus D002681:China D033361:Cladocera D021901:DNA, Intergenic D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial D017753:Ecosystem D005819:Genetic Markers D014644:Genetic Variation D005843:Geography D006239:Haplotypes D016013:Likelihood Functions D008928:Mitochondria D010802:Phylogeny D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic D015048:Zooplankton
Bosmina China Distribution Genetic investigation