PM2.5-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in the Nasal Mucosa of Rats.
Exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm) increases the risk of nasal lesions, but the underlying mechanisms, especially the mechanisms leading to mitochondrial damage, are still unclear. Thus, we investigated the in vivo effects of PM2.5 exposure on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, the enzyme activities of Na⁺K⁺-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, and the morphology and function of mitochondria in the nasal mucosa of rats. Exposure to PM2.5 occurred through inhalation of a PM2.5 solution aerosol. The results show that the PM2.5 exposure induced increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and levels of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These changes were accompanied by decreases in the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), Na⁺K⁺-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase in rat nasal mucosa. PM2.5 significantly affected the expression of specific mitochondrial fission/fusion genes (OPA1, Mfn1, Fis1, and Drp1) in nasal mucosa. These changes were accompanied by abnormal alterations of mitochondrial structures, including mitochondrial swelling, cristae disorder, and even fission resulting from higher doses of PM2.5. Our data shows that oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be the toxic mechanisms that cause nasal lesions after exposure to PM2.5.
['Guo|Zhiqiang|Z|', 'Hong|Zhicong|Z|', 'Dong|Weiyang|W|', 'Deng|Congrui|C|', 'Zhao|Renwu|R|', 'Xu|Jian|J|', 'Zhuang|Guoshun|G|', 'Zhang|Ruxin|R|']
D000393:Air Pollutants D000818:Animals D004195:Disease Models, Animal D005260:Female D007249:Inflammation D015850:Interleukin-6 D016209:Interleukin-8 D008315:Malondialdehyde D008928:Mitochondria D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins D009297:Nasal Mucosa D018384:Oxidative Stress D010316:Particle Size D052638:Particulate Matter D051381:Rats D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
oxidative stress nasal mucosa inflammatory response mitochondria fine particulate matter (PM2.5)