Therapeutic ultrasound experiments in vitro: Review of factors influencing outcomes and reproducibility.
Current in vitro sonication experiments show immense variability in experimental set-ups and methods used. As a result, there is uncertainty in the ultrasound field parameters experienced by sonicated samples, poor reproducibility of these experiments and thus reduced scientific value of the results obtained. The scope of this narrative review is to briefly describe mechanisms of action of ultrasound, list the most frequently used experimental set-ups and focus on a description of factors influencing the outcomes and reproducibility of these experiments. The factors assessed include: proper reporting of ultrasound exposure parameters, experimental geometry, coupling medium quality, influence of culture vessels, formation of standing waves, motion/rotation of the sonicated sample and the characteristics of the sample itself. In the discussion we describe pros and cons of particular exposure geometries and factors, and make a few recommendations as to how to increase the reproducibility and validity of the experiments performed.
['Snehota|Martin|M|', 'Vachutka|Jaromir|J|', 'Ter Haar|Gail|G|', 'Dolezal|Ladislav|L|', 'Kolarova|Hana|H|']
D018929:Cell Culture Techniques D003198:Computer Simulation D004867:Equipment Design D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis D066298:In Vitro Techniques D008954:Models, Biological D015203:Reproducibility of Results D013010:Sonication D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
Therapeutic ultrasound Sonication Ultrasound exposure In vitro experiment