Detection of cytomegalovirus, herpes virus simplex, and parvovirus b19 in spontaneous abortion placentas.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the presence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes virus simplex (HSV), and parvovirus B19 (PVB19) in the placental tissue of patients who underwent abortions without an otherwise-defined aetiology.


STUDY DESIGN
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a high-risk obstetric maternity facility at a University Hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from January 2013 to December 2015. We included placenta samples obtained from spontaneous abortions of unknown aetiology. Seventy placenta samples were identified and were classified according to histopathological characteristics. All samples were analysed using immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for CMV, PVB19, and HSV. The clinical variables were collected from the medical records of patients to verify the association of infection with villitis. The patients were divided into the following groups: I) with villitis (n = 28) and II) without villitis (n = 42).


METHODS
Immunohistochemistry used monoclonal anti-CMV antibody (NCL-CMVpp65, Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany), anti-PVB19 antibody (NCL-PARVO, Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany), and anti-HSV1/HSV2 antibodies (NCL-HSV-1 and HSV2, Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany). The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) 19.0.


RESULTS
Viral agents were detected in five patients (7.14%) in the villitis group. Three patients were positive for CMV, one for PVB19, and one for HSV type 2. Foetal and maternal complications were significantly higher in the group with villitis compared with those in the group without villitis (p = .002).


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of transplacental viral infections as a cause of spontaneous abortion should be considered high in the placenta with villitis. Thus, this study highlights the need for developing diagnostic tests to clarify the aetiology of abortion and foetal loss.
['Oliveira|Gabriela Mafra de|GM|', 'Pascoal-Xavier|Marcelo Antônio|MA|', 'Moreira|Daniel R|DR|', 'Guimarães|Vitor Souza|VS|', 'Aguiar|Regina Amélia Lopes Pessoa de|RALP|', 'Miranda|Débora Marques de|DM|', 'Romanelli|Roberta Maia de Castro|RMC|']
D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous D000328:Adult D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies D003587:Cytomegalovirus D005260:Female D006801:Humans D016732:Parvovirus B19, Human D010920:Placenta D011247:Pregnancy D018139:Simplexvirus D055815:Young Adult
cytomegalovirus herpes virus simplex parvovirus B19 spontaneous abortion vertical transmission