Occurrence and risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in a branch of the Grand Canal in Hangzhou, China.
The Grand Canal is one of the most important waterways and sources of drinking water in China. The security of this water environment has a strong influence on national economic development and public health. However, data on the pollution status and potential risks due to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in this area is insufficient. In this study, we selected a branch of the Grand Canal in Hangzhou as the study subject from which 16 surface water samples were collected in the summer of 2016. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (including 4 hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and 6 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs)), 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 35 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the water samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Non-carcinogenic risk, carcinogenic risk, and cytotoxicity experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential health risks due to these POPs. Additionally, the toxicological data for the Danio rerio aquatic organism from the US EPA were employed for comparison with the residue from POPs in this area. The results showed that the total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, PCBs, and PAHs were 29.937, 60.2, 8.30, and 1670.2 ng/L, respectively. Some pollutants (including acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, hepta-PCBs and tetra-PCBs, octa-PCBs and hexa-PCBs, β-HCH and α-HCH, and δ-HCH and γ-HCH) showed a correlation, which indicated they might have a similar origin. There were no non-carcinogenic risks or ecological risks for adults, children, and aquatic organisms, but a relatively low carcinogenic risk for adults presented at certain sites. The data provided here will be helpful in fully understanding the pollution status of the surface water in this branch of the Grand Canal and the potential risks from this water. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
['Zhang|Quan|Q|http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-0662', 'Wang|Ximing|X|', 'Zhu|Jianqiang|J|', 'Li|Zhe|Z|', 'Wang|Ye|Y|']
D002681:China D004781:Environmental Exposure D004784:Environmental Monitoring D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane D006801:Humans D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated D010575:Pesticides D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons D018570:Risk Assessment D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical
Persistent organic pollutants Cytotoxicity Ecological risks Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks