The effect of aircraft, road, and railway traffic noise on stroke - results of a case-control study based on secondary data.
Aim
To examine the stroke risks associated with aircraft, road traffic, and railway noise exposure in a large case-control study.


Materials and Methods
All people aged ≥40 years living around the Frankfurt airport that were insured by one of three large statutory health insurance funds between 2005 and 2010 were included in the study (n = 1,026,670). Address-specific exposure to aircraft, road, and railway traffic noise was estimated for 2005. We used insurance claim data to identify 25,495 newly diagnosed cases of stroke between 2006 and 2010 and compared them with 827,601 control participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, local proportion of people receiving unemployment benefits, and if available individual indicators of socioeconomic status (education, occupation).


Results
For 24-h continuous aircraft noise exposure, neither increased risk estimates nor a positive linear exposure-risk relation was found. However, stroke risk was statistically significantly increased by 7% [95% confidence intervals (95%CI): 2-13%] for people who were exposed to <40 dB of 24-h continuous aircraft noise, but ≥6 events of maximum nightly sound pressure levels ≥50 dB. For road and railway traffic noise, there was a positive linear exposure-risk relation: Per 10 dB the stroke risk increased by 1.7% (95%CI: 0.3-3.2%) for road traffic noise and by 1.8% (95%CI: 0.1-3.3%) for railway traffic noise. The maximum risk increase of 7% (95%CI: 0-14%) for road traffic noise and 18% (95%CI: 2-38%) for railway traffic noise was found in the exposure category ≥65 to <70 dB.


Conclusion
This large case-control study indicates that traffic noise exposure may lead to an increase in stroke risk. It furthermore suggests that maximum aircraft noise levels at night increase the stroke risk even when continuous noise exposure is low, and thus highlights the relevance of maximum noise levels for research and policies on noise protection.
['Seidler|Anna Lene|AL|', 'Hegewald|Janice|J|', 'Schubert|Melanie|M|', 'Weihofen|Verena Maria|VM|', 'Wagner|Mandy|M|', 'Dröge|Patrik|P|', 'Swart|Enno|E|', 'Zeeb|Hajo|H|', 'Seidler|Andreas|A|']
D000328:Adult D000401:Aircraft D059028:Airports D016022:Case-Control Studies D004781:Environmental Exposure D005260:Female D005858:Germany D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D018986:Motor Vehicles D009624:Noise, Transportation D016017:Odds Ratio D011890:Railroads D012307:Risk Factors D020521:Stroke
traffic noise stroke Case–control study