Clinical findings of acute acquired comitant esotropia in young patients.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify the characteristics of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) in young patients from a single institution; and clarify their relationship with the excess use of digital devices.


STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective, observational.


METHODS
We extracted the clinical charts of patients aged between 5 and 35 years who presented at the Hamamatsu University Hospital with AACE symptoms from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. The age of onset, angle of deviation, refractive errors, history of near work, including excess smartphone use, and treatment modality were retrieved. Patients were divided into three groups: CHILD (aged 5-12 years), JUNIOR (aged 13-17 years), and ADULT (aged 18-35 years) and statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test.


RESULTS
Forty-one patients were retrieved, with a mean age at onset of 15.8 (5-28) years; eight in the CHILD group, 23 in the JUNIOR group, and 10 in the ADULT group. Refractive errors and age of patients were correlated, but were not significantly different among groups. The mean angle of deviation at distance was 28.0 ± 12.8 prism diopters (PD) and 28.6 ± 17.2 PD at near. The CHILD group showed the largest near-distant dissociation. History of excessive near work was found in all groups.


CONCLUSION
AACE was most commonly found in the JUNIOR group, especially those aged 15-16 years. AACE may encompass multiple diseases; using common diagnostic criteria and asking common questions regarding digital device usage is necessary to clarify the influence of digital device usage, and a multicenter prospective study is recommended.
['Iimori|Hirohito|H|', 'Suzuki|Hiroko|H|', 'Komori|Miwa|M|', 'Hikoya|Akiko|A|', 'Hotta|Yoshihiro|Y|', 'Sato|Miho|M|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-6274']
Esotropia Digital device Diplopia Strabismus