Physiological and Metabolic Requirements, and User-Perceived Exertion of Immersive Virtual Reality Exergaming Incorporating an Adaptive Cable Resistance System: An Exploratory Study.
To measure metabolic and physiological demand, subjective fatigue, and enjoyment during a signature 30-minute immersive virtual reality (IVR) adaptive cable resistance exergaming session.  Fourteen healthy college-aged individuals (seven females) were initially acquainted with the IVR equipment and gameplay dynamics. Participants then underwent a 30-minute IVR exergaming session performing six different cable resistance exercises. A portable metabolic gas exchange analyzer concurrently assessed energy expenditure (EE) through indirect calorimetry while a chest-worn monitor captured heart rate (HR). Participants subsequently completed questionnaires, including the Borg scale for rating of perceived exertion (RPE), Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), and Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ).  The mean EE, mean metabolic equivalent, and average total calories expended during the 30-minute session were 14.7 (standard deviation [SD] 2.8) kcal/minute, 12.9 (SD 0.5), and 440 (SD 84) kcals respectively. The mean HR was 176 (SD 3.1) beats per minute (bpm) with a mean max HR of 188 SD (SD 2.9) bpm. The combined training volume among all participants was 16,102 kg (SD 4137). Participants classified the IVR training session to be "somewhat hard-to-hard" with a RPE score of 14 (SD 1) while indicating the session to be "enjoyable" with a PACES score of 4.31 (SD 0.36). The participants did not report any cybersickness symptoms, demonstrating an average total SSQ score of 24.04 (SD 24.13).  IVR exergaming incorporating cable resistance training elicits high EE and physiological demand with high enjoyment scores while attenuating perceived fatigue. The potential for IVR to elicit these acute training effects over long-term training periods warrants further investigation into its contribution to fitness and health.
['Hu|Jonathan|J|0000-0002-1916-5839', 'Browne|Jonathan D|JD|0000-0002-6233-2997', 'Arnold|Michael T|MT|0000-0003-3936-8593', 'Robinson|Anthony|A|0000-0003-2417-2483', 'Heacock|Marin F|MF|0000-0002-8056-3086', 'Ku|Richard|R|0000-0002-6389-350X', 'Mologne|Mitchell|M|0000-0002-1595-8495', 'Baum|Gracie R|GR|0000-0002-5104-0868', 'Ikemiya|Kayla A|KA|0000-0002-5895-4566', 'Neufeld|Eric V|EV|0000-0002-7247-7671', 'Dolezal|Brett A|BA|']
D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect D015444:Exercise D005260:Female D006801:Humans D005082:Physical Exertion D018910:Video Games D000076142:Virtual Reality D055815:Young Adult
Immersive virtual reality Exergaming Resistance training Adaptive resistance Gamification