Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by White Smoke Inhalation: a Potential Animal Model For Evaluating Pathological Changes and Underlying Mechanisms.
BACKGROUND/AIMS
White smoke inhalation (WSI) is an uncommon but potentially deadly cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, no clinical treatment protocol has been established for the treatment of WSI-induced ARDS. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of WSI in ARDS and the mechanisms underlying the effects of WSI to determine a novel therapeutic target.


METHODS
On the basis of the duration of continued inhalation of white smoke (3 min, 5 min, and 7 min), rats were divided into three groups (WSI-3 min, WSI-5 min, and WSI-7 min). The survival rate, pathological change, and computed tomography (CT) score were evaluated to determine the modeling conditions. In the established WSI-5 min models, evaluations were performed to evaluate the following: arterial blood gas levels, lung wet/dry weight ratio, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and the effect of NF-κB signaling pathway.


RESULTS
The survival rate of rats at 72 h post-WSI in the WSI-3 min, WSI-5 min, and WSI-7 min groups was 83.33%, 75%, and 25%, respectively. Results from evaluation of H&E staining, CT scan, arterial blood gas levels, and lung wet/dry weight ratio suggest that the pathological changes in the rat in the WSI-5 min and WSI-7 min groups are very similar to those in patients with ARDS induced by WSI. Additionally, the expression of INF-γ, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β were increased, and the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in the WSI-5 min group.


CONCLUSION
The rat model of WSI-5 min can be used as a WSI-induced ALI model for further experiments. The NF-κB signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of WSI- induced ARDS.
['Cui|Pei|P|', 'Feng|Xiaoyan|X|', 'Zhu|Feng|F|', 'Yao|Yongming|Y|', 'Xiao|Shichu|S|', 'Gong|Zhenyu|Z|', 'Xin|Haiming|H|', 'Zhan|Qiu|Q|', 'Yang|Fuwang|F|', 'Deng|Chunjiang|C|', 'Tang|Zhiping|Z|', 'Tong|Yalin|Y|', 'Xia|Zhaofan|Z|']
D000818:Animals D016207:Cytokines D004195:Disease Models, Animal D008297:Male D016328:NF-kappa B D051381:Rats D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome D015398:Signal Transduction D012906:Smoke
Acute respiratory distress syndrome White smoke inhalation Animal model Therapeutic target NF-κB