CCL23: a new CC chemokine involved in human brain damage.
BACKGROUND
CCL23 role in the inflammatory response after acute brain injuries remains elusive. Here, we evaluated whether CCL23 blood levels associate with acquired cerebral lesions and determined CCL23 predictive capacity for assessing stroke prognosis. We used preclinical models to study the CCL23 homologous chemokines in rodents, CCL9 and CCL6.


METHODS
Baseline CCL23 blood levels were determined on 245 individuals, including ischaemic strokes (IS), stroke mimics and controls. Temporal profile of circulating CCL23 was explored from baseline to 24 h in 20 of the IS. In an independent cohort of 120 IS with a 3-month follow-up, CCL23 blood levels were included in logistic regression models to predict IS outcome. CCL9/CCL6 cerebral expression was evaluated in rodent models of brain damage. Both chemokines were also profiled in circulation and histologically located on brain following ischaemia.


RESULTS
Baseline CCL23 blood levels did not discriminate IS, but permitted an accurate discrimination of patients presenting acute brain lesions (P = 0.003). IS exhibited a continuous increase from baseline to 24 h in circulating CCL23 (P < 0.001). Baseline CCL23 blood levels resulted an independent predictor of IS outcome at hospital discharge (ORadj : 19.702 [1.815-213.918], P = 0.014) and mortality after 3 months (ORadj : 21.47 [3.434-134.221], P = 0.001). In preclinics, expression of rodent chemokines in neurons following cerebral lesions was elevated. CCL9 circulating levels decreased early after ischaemia (P < 0.001), whereas CCL6 did not alter within the first 24 h after ischaemia.


CONCLUSIONS
Although preclinical models do not seem suitable to characterize CCL23, it might be a novel promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of cerebral lesions and might facilitate the prediction of stroke patient outcome.
['Simats|A|A|', 'García-Berrocoso|T|T|', 'Penalba|A|A|', 'Giralt|D|D|', 'Llovera|G|G|', 'Jiang|Y|Y|', 'Ramiro|L|L|', 'Bustamante|A|A|', 'Martinez-Saez|E|E|', 'Canals|F|F|', 'Wang|X|X|', 'Liesz|A|A|', 'Rosell|A|A|', 'Montaner|J|J|0000-0003-4845-2279']
D000368:Aged D000369:Aged, 80 and over D000818:Animals D015415:Biomarkers D016022:Case-Control Studies D018925:Chemokines D019742:Chemokines, CC D004195:Disease Models, Animal D042241:Early Diagnosis D005260:Female D005500:Follow-Up Studies D006801:Humans D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins D008297:Male D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL D009474:Neurons D009504:Neutrophils D011379:Prognosis D017208:Rats, Wistar D020521:Stroke D015854:Up-Regulation
CCL23 brain injury stroke biomarker inflammation