Changes in T helper cell-related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after empagliflozin therapy.
The immune factors related to T helper (Th) 1 (T-bet, STAT1, and IFN-γ), Th17 (ROR-γt, STAT3, and IL-17), and Treg (FOXP3, STAT5, and IL-10) cells, and SOCS1/3 and the proliferation of Th cells were investigated in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients before (baseline) and after empagliflozin therapy. A total of 56 patients on metformin and gliclazide were separated into two groups: Group 1 did not receive empagliflozin (EMPA-) and the Group 2 received 10 mg/day of empagliflozin for 6 months (EMPA+). The expressions of T-bet, ROR-γt, FOXP3, STAT1/3/5 and SOCS1/3 were evaluated in CD4+ T cells with real-time PCR. The production of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 from CD4+ T cells was measured using ELISA. The proliferation of Th cells was assessed with flow cytometry. Six months of empagliflozin therapy significantly reduced the expression of ROR-γt and increased FOXP3 and STAT5 expression, compared to baseline. Production of IL-17 decreased after empagliflozin treatment, while IL-10 was enhanced in the EMPA+ group. Oral administration of empagliflozin or the addition of empagliflozin to the cell cultures diminished the proliferation of Th cells. Empagliflozin showed anti-inflammatory effects on Th cells by decreasing Th17-related factors, reducing proliferation capacity, and increasing Treg cell properties.
['Borzouei|Shiva|S|', 'Moghimi|Hamid|H|', 'Zamani|Alireza|A|', 'Behzad|Mahdi|M|']
D000328:Adult D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds D049109:Cell Proliferation D002478:Cells, Cultured D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 D005260:Female D005960:Glucosides D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins D018417:Th1 Cells D058504:Th17 Cells D055815:Young Adult
Type 2 diabetes mellitus Empagliflozin Cytokine T helper cell