Homosalate aggravates the invasion of human trophoblast cells as well as regulates intracellular signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.
Homosalate is an organic ultraviolet filter used in most sunscreens but has been reported to be toxic to marine organisms. The estrogenic activity of homosalate has also been reported, but its endocrine-disrupting effect remains unclear. Although homosalate has been detected in human placental tissues, its effect on the survival of human trophoblast cells needs to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated if HTR8/SVneo, a human trophoblast cell line, treated with homosalate showed decreasing proliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner. Homosalate promoted the death of HTR8/SVneo cells with elevated lipid peroxidation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. It also induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial morphological disturbances associated with the differentiation of human trophoblast cells. However, when the intracellular Ca2+ or reactive oxygen species were removed using BAPTA-AM or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), the cell proliferation suppressed by homosalate was restored. Homosalate also significantly inhibited the invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells. Furthermore, it modulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which were involved in the cross-talk between both signaling pathways in HTR8/SVneo cells. Thus, homosalate adversely affects the survival, proliferation, and invasiveness of human trophoblast cells and therefore pregnant women should practice caution while using personal care products containing homosalate.
['Yang|Changwon|C|', 'Lim|Whasun|W|', 'Bazer|Fuller W|FW|', 'Song|Gwonhwa|G|']
D002460:Cell Line D002465:Cell Movement D049109:Cell Proliferation D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress D006801:Humans D008928:Mitochondria D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species D012459:Salicylates D015398:Signal Transduction D013473:Sunscreening Agents D018675:Toxicity Tests D014327:Trophoblasts
Homosalate Invasion Trophoblasts Proliferation Apoptosis