Exposure treatment in multiple contexts attenuates return of fear via renewal in high spider fearful individuals.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Research has demonstrated that after exposure treatment, re-exposure to a previously feared stimulus outside of the treatment context can result in renewal of fear. The current study investigated whether conducting exposure treatment in multiple real-life contexts can attenuate renewal of fear.


METHODS
Forty-six moderate to high spider fearful individuals were randomly allocated to groups that received exposure treatment in either one context or three contexts. Follow-up testing was conducted one week and four weeks after exposure in the treatment context or a novel context.


RESULTS
Renewal of fear was found for the single extinction context group when exposed to the feared object in a novel context with self-report of fear, heart rate, and behavioural avoidance. However, renewal of fear was attenuated for the multiple extinction context group.


LIMITATIONS
The sample included moderate to high spider fearful participants rather than clients with spider phobia, potentially limiting the generalisability of the findings to clinical populations.


CONCLUSIONS
Using multiple extinction contexts in combination with other methods of attenuating renewal (e.g., context similarity) may provide a means to reduce the risk of renewal of fear.
['Bandarian-Balooch|Siavash|S|', 'Neumann|David L|DL|', 'Boschen|Mark J|MJ|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D000818:Animals D001362:Avoidance Learning D003214:Conditioning, Classical D005108:Extinction, Psychological D005239:Fear D005260:Female D006339:Heart Rate D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D010698:Phobic Disorders D012008:Recurrence D013112:Spiders D013997:Time Factors D016896:Treatment Outcome D055815:Young Adult
Context Return of fear Renewal Extinction Exposure therapy