Plasma Biomarkers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Systemic Inflammation and Immune Activation in Sub-Saharan Africa Before and During Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.
We evaluated immune biomarker profiles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults (n = 398) from 5 African countries. Although all biomarkers decreased after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, levels of C-X-C chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, C-reactive protein, soluble CD163, and soluble scavenger receptor CD14 were significantly higher during ART than in an HIV-uninfected reference group (n = 90), indicating persistent monocyte/macrophage activation, inflammation, and microbial translocation. Before ART initiation, high HIV viral load was associated with elevated CXCL10 and tuberculosis coinfection was associated with elevated soluble CD14. High pre-ART levels of each biomarker strongly predicted residual immune activation during ART. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 were differentially expressed between countries. Further research is needed on the clinical implications of residual immune dysregulation.
['Kroeze|Stefanie|S|', 'Wit|Ferdinand W|FW|', 'Rossouw|Theresa M|TM|', 'Steel|Helen C|HC|', 'Kityo|Cissy M|CM|', 'Siwale|Margaret|M|', 'Akanmu|Sulaimon|S|', 'Mandaliya|Kishor|K|', 'de Jager|Marleen|M|', 'Ondoa|Pascale|P|', 'Reiss|Peter|P|', 'Rinke de Wit|Tobias F|TF|', 'Kootstra|Neeltje|N|', 'Hamers|Raph L|RL|']
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins D000328:Adult D017954:Africa South of the Sahara D019380:Anti-HIV Agents D015703:Antigens, CD D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic D015415:Biomarkers D002097:C-Reactive Protein D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count D002352:Carrier Proteins D018932:Chemokine CCL2 D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 D015331:Cohort Studies D060085:Coinfection D005260:Female D015658:HIV Infections D015497:HIV-1 D006801:Humans D007249:Inflammation D015850:Interleukin-6 D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors D008297:Male D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface D014376:Tuberculosis D019562:Viral Load
biomarkers inflammation immune activation sub-Saharan Africa antiretroviral therapy HIV