Hip kinematics and kinetics in persons with and without cam femoroacetabular impingement during a deep squat task.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have indicated that hip and pelvis kinematics may be altered during functional tasks in persons with femoroacetabular impingement. The purpose of this study was to compare hip and pelvis kinematics and kinetics during a deep squat task between persons with cam femoroacetabular impingement and pain-free controls.


METHODS
Fifteen persons with cam femoroacetabular impingement and 15 persons without cam femoroacetabular impingement performed a deep squat task. Peak hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation, and mean hip extensor, adductor, and external rotator moments were quantified. Independent t-tests (α<0.05) were used to evaluate between group differences.


FINDINGS
Compared to the control group, persons with cam femoroacetabular impingement demonstrated decreased peak hip internal rotation (15.2° (SD 9.5°) vs. 9.4° (SD 7.8°); P=0.041) and decreased mean hip extensor moments (0.56 (SD 0.12) Nm/kg vs. 0.45 (SD 0.15) Nm/kg; P=0.018). In addition persons in the cam femoroacetabular impingement group demonstrated decreased posterior pelvis tilt during squat descent compared to the control group, resulting in a more anteriorly tilted pelvis at the time peak hip flexion (12.5° (SD 17.1°) vs. 23.0° (SD 12.4°); P=0.024).


INTERPRETATION
The decreased hip internal rotation observed in persons with cam femoroacetabular impingement may be the result of bony impingement. Furthermore, the decrease in posterior pelvis tilt may contribute to impingement by further approximating the femoral head-neck junction with the acetabulum. Additionally, decreased hip extensor moments suggest that diminished hip extensor muscle activity may contribute to decreased posterior pelvis tilt.
['Bagwell|Jennifer J|JJ|', 'Snibbe|Jason|J|', 'Gerhardt|Michael|M|', 'Powers|Christopher M|CM|']
D000077:Acetabulum D000328:Adult D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena D016022:Case-Control Studies D005260:Female D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement D005269:Femur D006621:Hip Joint D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D016059:Range of Motion, Articular D012399:Rotation D016474:Weight-Bearing
Hip Kinematics Kinetics Femoroacetabular impingement Squat Pelvis