Graphene oxide induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in bluegill sunfish cells.
Graphene oxide (GO) is considered a promising material for biological application due to its unique properties. However, the potential toxicity of GO to aquatic organism particularly bluegill sun fish cells (BF-2) is unexplored or remains poorly understood. GO-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in BF-2 cells were assessed using a battery of biomarkers. Two different biological assays (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GO on BF-2 cells. It was found that GO induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity on BF-2 cells. BF-2 cells exposed to lower concentration of GO (40 μg ml-1 ) for 24 induced morphological changes when compared to their respective controls. As evidence for oxidative stress lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were increased and glutathione levels were found to decline in BF-2 cells after treatment with GO. Our findings demonstrate that GO when exposed to BF-2 fish cells cause oxidative stress.
['Srikanth|Koigoora|K|0000-0002-8547-4680', 'Sundar|L Syam|LS|', 'Pereira|Eduarda|E|', 'Duarte|Armando Costa|AC|']
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine D000818:Animals D002374:Catalase D002460:Cell Line D003849:Deoxyguanosine D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug D006108:Graphite D015227:Lipid Peroxidation D018384:Oxidative Stress D010473:Perciformes D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
graphene oxide cytotoxicity oxidative stress bluegill sunfish 8-OHdG