Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from patients in Turkey reveals the presence of novel mutations in spike and nsp12 proteins.
Novel mutations have been emerging in the genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); consequently, the evolving of more virulent and treatment resistance strains have the potential to increase transmissibility and mortality rates. The characterization of full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes is critical for understanding the origin and transmission pathways of the virus, as well as identifying mutations that affect the transmissibility and pathogenicity of the virus. We present an analysis of the mutation pattern and clade distribution of full-length SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences obtained from specimens tested at Gazi University Medical Virology Laboratory. Viral RNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal specimens. Next-generation sequencing libraries were prepared and sequenced on Illumina iSeq 100 platform. Raw sequencing data were processed to obtain full-length genome sequences and variant calling was performed to analyze amino acid changes. Clade distribution was determined to understand the phylogenetic background in relation to global data. A total of 293 distinct mutations were identified, of which 152 missense, 124 synonymous, 12 noncoding, and 5 deletions. The most frequent mutations were P323L (nsp12), D614G (ORF2/S), and 2421C>T (5'-untranslated region) found simultaneously in all sequences. Novel mutations were found in nsp12 (V111A, H133R, Y453C, M626K) and ORF2/S (R995G, V1068L). Nine different Pangolin lineages were detected. The most frequently assigned lineage was B.1.1 (17 sequences), followed by B.1 (7 sequences) and B.1.1.36 (3 sequences). Sequence information is essential for revealing genomic diversity. Mutations might have significant functional implications and analysis of these mutations provides valuable information for therapeutic and vaccine development studies. Our findings point to the introduction of the virus into Turkey through various sources and the subsequent spread of several key variants.
['Sahin|Erdem|E|0000-0002-1389-3253', 'Bozdayi|Gulendam|G|0000-0002-6036-6819', 'Yigit|Selin|S|', 'Muftah|Hager|H|', 'Dizbay|Murat|M|', 'Tunccan|Ozlem G|OG|', 'Fidan|Isil|I|', 'Caglar|Kayhan|K|']
D000328:Adult D000086382:COVID-19 D000086422:Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase D005260:Female D016679:Genome, Viral D006801:Humans D008297:Male D009154:Mutation D059645:Mutation Rate D010802:Phylogeny D012367:RNA, Viral D000086402:SARS-CoV-2 D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus D014421:Turkey
SARS-CoV-2 Turkey next-generation sequencing full-length genome mutation analysis phylogenetic tree