Effects of new over-the-counter periodontal ointment-containing applicator with single-tuft brush on cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid during supportive periodontal therapy phase: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The biochemical effects of an over-the-counter (OTC) medication were studied, which consists of a single-tuft brush containing cetylpyridinium chloride as a bactericidal agent, dipotassium glycyrrhizate as an anti-inflammatory drug and allantoin as a promoter of cell proliferation and wound healing, for delivery to hardly brushed sites.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
This randomized controlled double-blind study was performed in 61 subjects with chronic periodontitis in supportive periodontal therapy phase (test group: n = 27; placebo group: n = 28; dropout: n = 6). The OTC medication was self-applied twice a day for 12 wk to two molars with probing pocket depths of 4-6 mm. Biochemical indicators were evaluated at baseline and 12 wk using the suspension array system for eight cytokines and chemokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in gingival crevicular fluid.


RESULTS
The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α remained significantly lower in the test group compared to the placebo group. In the placebo group, when the probing pocket depth at baseline was 4 mm, IL-1β increased, particularly in the second molar tooth, and the greatest increase was seen when PPD at baseline was 5-6 mm. In the test group, IL-1β decreased markedly in cases with furcation involvement and low bleeding on probing at baseline. In both groups, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were closely correlated with each other.


CONCLUSION
This OTC medication is biochemically effective for steady chronic periodontitis in the supportive periodontal therapy phase.
['Takeuchi-Hatanaka|K|K|', 'Yasuda|T|T|', 'Naruishi|K|K|', 'Katsuragi-Fuke|K|K|', 'Inubushi|J|J|', 'Ootsuki|H|H|', 'Maeda|H|H|', 'Takashiba|S|S|']
D000368:Aged D000481:Allantoin D002594:Cetylpyridinium D018932:Chemokine CCL2 D018925:Chemokines D055113:Chronic Periodontitis D016207:Cytokines D003774:Dental Plaque Index D004311:Double-Blind Method D004334:Drug Administration Schedule D005260:Female D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid D006801:Humans D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein D016753:Interleukin-10 D053583:Interleukin-1beta D015847:Interleukin-4 D015850:Interleukin-6 D016209:Interleukin-8 D007564:Japan D008297:Male D008875:Middle Aged D004366:Nonprescription Drugs D009823:Ointment Bases D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss D010512:Periodontal Index D014099:Toothbrushing D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
supportive periodontal therapy inflammatory cytokine over-the-counter medication self-medication