The surgical technique of the convergent procedure.
The convergent procedure is a newly developed hybrid ablation procedure that involves extensive epicardial ablation of the posterior left atrial wall followed by endocardial mapping and addition of pulmonary vein isolation. It is a team-based approach that provides a promising option for patients with persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation. In this manuscript, we present a detailed description of the surgical component of this procedure and include potential pitfalls based on our experience in performing it.
['Yammine|Maroun|M|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0189-7644', 'Puskas|John|J|', 'El Moheb|Mohamad|M|http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-2145', 'Lattouf|Omar|O|']
convergent procedure epicardial ablation atrial fibrillation endocardial ablation minimally invasive