Lumpy Skin Disease Is Characterized by Severe Multifocal Dermatitis With Necrotizing Fibrinoid Vasculitis Following Experimental Infection.
Lumpy skin disease is a high-consequence disease in cattle caused by infection with the poxvirus lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). The virus is endemic in most countries in Africa and an emerging threat to cattle populations in Europe and Asia. As LSDV spreads into new regions, it is important that signs of disease are recognized promptly by animal caregivers. This study describes the gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural changes that occur over time in cattle experimentally challenged with LSDV. Four calves were inoculated with wildtype LSDV and monitored for 19 to 21 days. At 7 days after inoculation, 2 of the 4 cattle developed multifocal cutaneous nodules characteristic of LSD. Some lesions displayed a targetoid appearance. Histologically, intercellular and intracellular edema was present in the epidermis of some nodules. Occasional intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were identified in keratinocytes. More severe and consistent changes were present in the dermis, with marked histiocytic inflammation and necrotizing fibrinoid vasculitis of dermal vessels, particularly the deep dermal plexus. Chronic lesions consisted of full-thickness necrosis of the dermis and epidermis. Lesions in other body organs were not a major feature of LSD in this study, highlighting the strong cutaneous tropism of this virus. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy identified LSDV-infected histiocytes and fibroblasts in the skin nodules of affected cattle. This study highlights the noteworthy lesions of LSDV and how they develop over time.
['Sanz-Bernardo|Beatriz|B|', 'Haga|Ismar R|IR|', 'Wijesiriwardana|Najith|N|', 'Hawes|Philippa C|PC|', 'Simpson|Jennifer|J|', 'Morrison|Linda R|LR|', 'MacIntyre|Neil|N|', 'Brocchi|Emiliana|E|', 'Atkinson|John|J|', 'Haegeman|Andy|A|', 'De Clercq|Kris|K|0000-0002-2928-3521', 'Darpel|Karin E|KE|', 'Beard|Philippa M|PM|0000-0002-2285-810X']
D000818:Animals D001208:Asia D002417:Cattle D002418:Cattle Diseases D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging D003872:Dermatitis D019353:Endemic Diseases D005060:Europe D008166:Lumpy Skin Disease D008167:Lumpy skin disease virus D012867:Skin D014657:Vasculitis
skin dermatitis vasculitis lumpy skin disease virus bovine poxviridae transboundary animal diseases