Mental health and school dropout across educational levels and genders: a 4.8-year follow-up study.
BACKGROUND
Education is a key determinant of future employment and income prospects of young people. Poor mental health is common among young people and is related to risk of dropping out of school (dropout). Educational level and gender might play a role in the association, which remains to be studied.


METHODS
Mental health was measured in 3146 Danish inhabitants aged 16-29 years using the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey and examined across genders and educational levels. For students, educational level at baseline was used; for young people who were not enrolled in school at baseline (non-students), the highest achieved educational level was used. The risk of dropout in students was investigated in administrative registers over a 4.8-year period (1(st) March 2010-31(th) December 2014). Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for mental health and in relation to dropout in logistic regression models, adjusting for age, gender, educational level, parental education, parental income and ethnicity.


RESULTS
Poor mental health was present in 24 % (n = 753) of the participants, 29 % (n = 468) in females and 19 % (n = 285) in males (p < 0.0001). The prevalence differed from 19 to 39 % across educational levels (p < 0.0001). Females had a statistically significantly higher adjusted risk of poor mental health than males (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.5-2.2). Among the students the lowest risk was found at the elementary level (OR = 1.3, CI = 0.8-2.3), while students in higher education had a statistically significantly higher risk (OR = 1.9, CI = 1.2-2.9). The lowest-educated non-students had the highest OR of poor mental health (OR = 3.3, CI = 2.1-5.4). Dropout occurred in 8 % (n = 124) of the students. Poor mental health was associated to dropout in vocational (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.0-3.2) and higher education (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.0-4.2). For males in higher education, poor mental health was a predictor of dropout (OR = 5.2, CI = 1.6-17.3), which was not seen females in higher education (OR = 1.2, CI = 0.5-3.1).


CONCLUSIONS
Poor mental health was significantly associated to dropout among students in vocational and higher education. Males in higher education had five times the risk of dropout when reporting poor mental health, while no such association was found for females.
['Hjorth|Cathrine F|CF|', 'Bilgrav|Line|L|', 'Frandsen|Louise Sjørslev|LS|', 'Overgaard|Charlotte|C|', 'Torp-Pedersen|Christian|C|', 'Nielsen|Berit|B|', 'Bøggild|Henrik|H|']
D000293:Adolescent D000328:Adult D003718:Denmark D004522:Educational Status D005260:Female D005500:Follow-Up Studies D006801:Humans D016015:Logistic Models D008297:Male D001523:Mental Disorders D016017:Odds Ratio D010290:Parents D015995:Prevalence D012307:Risk Factors D012574:Schools D012737:Sex Factors D013332:Student Dropouts D013334:Students D013997:Time Factors D055815:Young Adult
Mental health Education Early School Leaving Educational Dropout Gender differences Young Adults