Influence of procyanidin supplementation on the immune responses of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide.
In the present study, the effect of dietary procyanidin (PCA, from pine needles) supplementation on the innate immunity of broilers were investigated. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (eight cages / treatment; six birds (one-day-old) / cage) with dietary PCA concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%) and two immune treatments (injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.5 mg/kg body weight) or saline). LPS was dissolved in sterile 9 g/L (w/v) NaCl solution at 16, 18, 20 days of age to mimic immune stress. The remaining birds were injected with saline as a placebo. The results indicated that, prior to LPS challenge, the PCA diet had no significant effect on bird growth performance. The injection of LPS was also not associated with any significant changes in poultry performance. LPS injection increased the activity of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) in serum; dietary PCA decreased these concentrations (P < 0.05) in the PCA 0.1% group, further illustrating the immune effect of PCA. In conclusion, PCA supplementation has a beneficial effect on LPS challenge, which may be associated with the inhibition of the secretion of cytokines and decrease in the proinflammatory marker NOx.
['Wu|Qiu Jue|QJ|', 'Wang|Yu Qin|YQ|', 'Qi|Yan Xia|YX|']
D000821:Animal Feed D000818:Animals D044946:Biflavonoids D002392:Catechin D002645:Chickens D016207:Cytokines D004032:Diet D019587:Dietary Supplements D007113:Immunity, Innate D018836:Inflammation Mediators D008070:Lipopolysaccharides D009589:Nitrogen Oxides D028223:Pinus D044945:Proanthocyanidins
procyanidin broiler lipopolysaccharide cytokines nitric oxide