Anatomic and non-anatomic anterior cruciate ligament posterolateral bundle augmentation affects graft function.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to compare knee laxity and graft function (tissue force) between anatomic and non-anatomic posterolateral (PL) bundle augmentation.


METHODS
Twelve (n = 12) fresh-frozen mature, unpaired porcine knees were tested using a robotic testing system. Four knee states were compared: (a) intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), (b) deficient PL and intermediate bundles, (c) anatomic PL augmentation, and (d) non-anatomic PL augmentation. Anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER), and the in situ tissue force were measured under an 89.0-N anterior tibial load and 4.0-N m internal and external tibial torques.


RESULTS
Both anatomic and non-anatomic PL augmentation restored the ER, IR, and ATT of the intact knee at all knee flexion angles (n.s.). Both anatomic and non-anatomic PL augmentation restored the in situ tissue force of the ACL during ER and IR loading and ATT loading at all knee flexion angles except at 60° of knee flexion, where the non-anatomic PL augmentation did not restore the in situ tissue force of the ACL during external rotation loading and the anatomic PL augmentation did not restore the in situ tissue force of the ACL during IR loading. Furthermore, there were no differences in ATT, IR, ER, and in situ tissue force under anterior tibial loading, IR and ER loading between the two reconstruction groups.


CONCLUSION
There were no significant differences between anatomic and non-anatomic PL augmentation using the porcine knee model.
['Yapici|Can|C|', 'Surer|Levent|L|', 'Keklikci|Kenan|K|', 'Shi|Dongliang|D|', 'Sabzevari|Soheil|S|', 'Linde|Monica A|MA|', 'Smolinski|Patrick|P|', 'Fu|Freddie H|FH|']
D000818:Animals D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena D016025:Bone Transplantation D002102:Cadaver D004195:Disease Models, Animal D006085:Graft Survival D006801:Humans D007719:Knee Joint D012371:Robotics D013552:Swine D013977:Tibia
Posterolateral bundle Augmentation Porcine Anatomic ACL reconstruction Rotational stability