Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Estrogen Receptor Signaling.
Chest pain with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) occurs more frequently in women than in men and is mainly related to coronary microvascular disease (CMD). The majority of CMD patients are postmenopausal women, suggesting a role for lack of estrogens in the development and progression of CMD. Patients are often discharged without a clear treatment plan due to the limited understanding of etiology and diagnostic parameters of CMD and have significantly higher rates of future cardiovascular events. Thus, there is a need for a better understanding of the underlying biology, and CMD-specific diagnostic tests and therapies. In this article, we reviewed recent studies on CMD, estrogen action in coronary microvasculature, and diagnosis and treatment options for CMD in postmenopausal women.
['Tunc|Elif|E|', 'Eve|Alicia Arredondo|AA|', 'Madak-Erdogan|Zeynep|Z|']
D003324:Coronary Artery Disease D004967:Estrogens D005260:Female D006801:Humans D008297:Male D008833:Microcirculation D017698:Postmenopause D011960:Receptors, Estrogen D012727:Sex Characteristics D015398:Signal Transduction
coronary microvascular dysfunction estrogen receptor signaling estrogens diagnostic test HRT menopause