The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), Gut Microbiota, and Cardiovascular Health.
BACKGROUND
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important enzymatic system responsible for the regulation of biological functions, such as the arterial pressure, hydroelectrolytic control, vascular vasodilatation/vasoconstriction and more recently metabolic functions.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present review is to discuss the associations between the gut microbiome and the renin-angiotensin system and the influence of their intimate relationship on the cardiovascular health.


METHODS
A literature review of the main studies published regarding the relationship among the renin-angiotensin system, gut microbiota and cardiovascular health was performed.


RESULTS
The association between the ACE2 and gut microbiota has been discussed. It is shown that the ACE2/Ang 1-7 axis modulates the immune response, influencing the microbiota composition, and thus being one of the causes for some diseases physiophatologies, such as diarrhea and intestinal inflammatory disease.


CONCLUSION
The association between RAS and gut microbiota seems to have a strong influence on the genesis of cardiovascular diseases, through direct mechanisms, such as nerve stimulation, or indirectly on metabolic parameters, such as weight, adiposity and lipid profile.
['Oliveira Andrade|Joao Marcus|JM|', 'de Farias Lelis|Deborah|D|', 'Mafra|Valeria|V|', 'Cota|Junio|J|']
D000803:Angiotensin I D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 D000818:Animals D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome D006801:Humans D010446:Peptide Fragments D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 gut microbiota cardiovascular health Renin-angiotensin system biological
functions immune response.