Antibacterial evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized from lychee peel: individual versus antibiotic conjugated effects.
This paper describes the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles from waste part of lychee fruit (peel) and their conjugation with selected antibiotics (amoxicillin, cefixim, and streptomycin). FTIR studies revealed the reduction of metallic silver and stabilization of silver nanoparticles and their conjugates due to the presence of CO (carboxyl), OH (hydroxyl) and CH (alkanes) groups. The size of conjugated nanoparticles varied ranging from 3 to 10 nm as shown by XRD. TEM image revealed the spherical shape of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Conjugates of amoxicillin and cefixim showed highest antibacterial activity (147.43 and 107.95%, respectively) against Gram-negative bacteria i.e. Alcaligenes faecalis in comparison with their control counterparts. The highest reduction in MIC was noted against Gram-positive strains i.e. Enterococcus faecium (75%) and Microbacterium oxydans (75%) for amoxicillin conjugates. Anova two factor followed by two-tailed t test showed non-significant results both in case of cell leakage and protein estimation between nanoparticles and conjugates of amoxicillin, cefixime and streptomycin. In case of MDA release, non-significant difference among the test samples against the selected strains. Our study found green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as effective antibacterial bullet against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, but they showed a more promising effect on conjugation with selected antibiotics against Gram negative type.
['Perveen|Shaghufta|S|', 'Safdar|Naila|N|', 'Chaudhry|Gul-E-Saba|GE|', 'Yasmin|Azra|A|']
D000658:Amoxicillin D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents D020682:Cefixime D002462:Cell Membrane D005638:Fruit D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria D032125:Litchi D053768:Metal Nanoparticles D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission D010316:Particle Size D010936:Plant Extracts D012834:Silver D013057:Spectrum Analysis D013307:Streptomycin D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
Antibacterial evaluation Silver nanoparticles Lychee peel Antibiotics conjugates Protein estimation Malondialdehyde contents