Environmental assessment of depleted uranium used in military armor-piercing rounds in terrestrial systems.
Depleted uranium (DU) from the military testing and use of armor-piercing kinetic energy penetrators has been shown to accumulate in soils; however, little is known about the toxicity of DU geochemical species created through corrosion or weathering. The purpose of the present study was to assess the toxic effects and bioaccumulation potential of field-collected DU oxides to the model terrestrial invertebrates Eisenia fetida (earthworm) and Porcellio scaber (isopod). Earthworm studies were acute (72 h) dermal exposures or 28-d spiked soil exposures that used noncontaminated field-collected soils from the US Army's Yuma and Aberdeen Proving Grounds. Endpoints assessed in earthworm testing included bioaccumulation, growth, reproduction, behavior (soil avoidance), and cellular stress (neutral red uptake in coelomocytes). Isopod testing used spiked food, and endpoints assessed included bioaccumulation, survival, and feeding behavior. Concentration-dependent bioaccumulation of DU in earthworms was observed with a maximum bioaccumulation factor of 0.35; however, no significant reductions in survival or impacts to cellular stress were observed. Reproduction lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOEC) of 158 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg were observed in Yuma Proving Ground and a Mississippi reference soil (Karnac Ferry), respectively. Earthworm avoidance of contaminated soils was not observed in 48-h soil avoidance studies; however, isopods were shown to avoid food spiked with 12.7% by weight DU oxides through digital tracking studies.
['Stanley|Jacob K|JK|', 'Coleman|Jessica G|JG|', 'Brasfield|Sandra M|SM|', 'Bednar|Anthony J|AJ|', 'Ang|Choo Y|CY|']
D000818:Animals D001362:Avoidance Learning D001522:Behavior, Animal D001681:Biological Assay D054750:Ecotoxicology D004784:Environmental Monitoring D033321:Isopoda D008889:Military Personnel D009835:Oligochaeta D012098:Reproduction D012987:Soil D012989:Soil Pollutants D014481:United States D014501:Uranium
Depleted uranium Earthworm Isopod Behavioral toxicology Terrestrial invertebrate toxicology