Myosin motor isoforms direct specification of actomyosin function by tropomyosins.
Myosins and tropomyosins represent two cytoskeletal proteins that often work together with actin filaments in contractile and motile cellular processes. While the specialized role of tropomyosin in striated muscle myosin-II regulation is well characterized, its role in nonmuscle myosin regulation is poorly understood. We previously showed that fission yeast tropomyosin (Cdc8p) positively regulates myosin-II (Myo2p) and myosin-V (Myo52p) motors. To understand the broader implications of this regulation we examined the role of two mammalian tropomyosins (Tpm3.1cy/Tm5NM1 and Tpm4.2cy/Tm4) recently implicated in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Like Cdc8p, the Tpm3.1cy and Tpm4.2cy isoforms significantly enhance Myo2p and Myo52p motor activity, converting nonprocessive Myo52p molecules into processive motors that can walk along actin tracks as single molecules. In contrast to the positive regulation of Myo2p and Myo52p, Cdc8p and the mammalian tropomyosins potently inhibited skeletal muscle myosin-II, while having negligible effects on the highly processive mammalian myosin-Va. In support of a conserved role for certain tropomyosins in regulating nonmuscle actomyosin structures, Tpm3.1cy supported normal contractile ring function in fission yeast. Our work reveals that actomyosin regulation by tropomyosin is dependent on the myosin isoform, highlighting a general role for specific isoforms of tropomyosin in sorting myosin motor outputs.
['Clayton|Joseph E|JE|', 'Pollard|Luther W|LW|', 'Murray|George G|GG|', 'Lord|Matthew|M|']
D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton D000205:Actomyosin D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins D002465:Cell Movement D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins D004926:Escherichia coli D005091:Exons D005786:Gene Expression Regulation D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins D006801:Humans D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins D018482:Muscle, Skeletal D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains D024701:Myosin Type V D009218:Myosins D010957:Plasmids D020033:Protein Isoforms D012568:Schizosaccharomyces D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins D014335:Tropomyosin
actin regulation myosin isoforms motor sorting tropomyosin isoforms