Impact of brain arousal and time-on-task on autonomic nervous system activity in the wake-sleep transition.
BACKGROUND
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been shown to vary with the state of brain arousal. In a previous study, this association of ANS activity with distinct states of brain arousal was demonstrated using 15-min EEG data, but without directly controlling for possible time-on-task effects. In the current study we examine ANS-activity in fine-graded EEG-vigilance stages (indicating states of brain arousal) during two conditions of a 2-h oddball task while controlling for time-on-task. In addition, we analyze the effect of time-on-task on ANS-activity while holding the level of brain arousal constant.


METHODS
Heart rate and skin conductance level of healthy participants were recorded during a 2-h EEG with eyes closed under simultaneous presentation of stimuli in an ignored (N = 39) and attended (N = 39) oddball condition. EEG-vigilance stages were classified using the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL 2.1). The time-on-task effect was tested by dividing the EEG into four 30-min consecutive time blocks. ANS-activity was compared between EEG-vigilance stages across the entire 2 h and within each time block.


RESULTS
We found a coherent decline of ANS-activity with declining brain arousal states, over the 2-h recording and in most cases within each 30-min block in both conditions. Furthermore, we found a significant time-on-task effect on heart rate, even when arousal was kept constant. It was most pronounced between the first and all subsequent blocks and could have been a consequence of postural change at the beginning of the experiment.


CONCLUSION
Our findings contribute to the validation of VIGALL 2.1 using ANS parameters in 2-h EEG recording under oddball conditions.
['Huang|Jue|J|0000-0003-1830-9340', 'Ulke|Christine|C|', 'Sander|Christian|C|', 'Jawinski|Philippe|P|', 'Spada|Janek|J|', 'Hegerl|Ulrich|U|', 'Hensch|Tilman|T|']
D001341:Autonomic Nervous System D001921:Brain D004569:Electroencephalography D005260:Female D006339:Heart Rate D006801:Humans D008297:Male D012890:Sleep D013997:Time Factors D014851:Wakefulness
Brain arousal Time-on-task effect EEG-vigilance stages Heart rate Skin conductance level VIGALL 2.1