The effects of binge alcohol exposure on tooth movement and associated root resorption in rats.
BACKGROUND
Considering the increasing prevalence of alcohol use and the growing number of orthodontic patients, some orthodontic patients might engage in binge drinking during treatment. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of alcohol use on orthodontic treatment.


METHODS
Male Wistar rats were divided into ethanol and control groups (n = 32). The rats received a single daily intraperitoneal injection of 20% (vol/vol) ethanol/saline solution at a dose of 3 g/kg of ethanol or saline for three consecutive days, and no injection was given during the remaining four days each week. All rats received orthodontic appliances to draw the maxillary first molar mesially. The rats were sacrificed at days 14 and 28, respectively. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Root resorption area was evaluated by scanning electron microscope. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were conducted. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the expressions of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in tooth movement and root resorption between ethanol and control groups. The number of TRAP-positive cells was significantly higher in the ethanol group. The expression of RANKL was statistically increased in the ethanol group. In contrast, the expression of OPG was remarkably decreased in rats injected with ethanol. Moreover, the iNOS level was significantly up-regulated in the ethanol group.


CONCLUSION
The tooth movement and root resorption in rats were not affected by binge alcohol exposure.
['Yang|Fan|F|', 'Wang|Xu Xia|XX|', 'Li|Jing|J|', 'Nie|Fu Jiao|FJ|', 'Cui|Qun|Q|', 'Fu|Ya Jing|YJ|', 'Zhang|Jun|J|']
D000818:Animals D063425:Binge Drinking D000431:Ethanol D008297:Male D010010:Osteoclasts D051381:Rats D017208:Rats, Wistar D012391:Root Resorption D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
tooth movement root resorption binge drinking scanning electron microscope