Parents' observed responses to children's emotional distress: Relations with social competence in preschool.
Although affective interactions in the family are important for development, home observational data are sparse. We replicated and extended one such study, Roberts & Strayer (1987, Developmental Psychology, 23, 415). Interactions in 33 two-parent families (mean child age = 4.8 years; 48% girls) were observed for four evenings, from suppertime until the child settled for the night. Parents completed the Child Rearing Practices Q-sort. Peer interactions and friendship networks in preschool were observed over four days. Teachers and observers completed the Preschool Behavior Q-Sort. Based on Q-rated peer competence and aggression, three expected groups of children were identified, one of them high on both aggression and peer competence. Although socially active and accepted by peers, they were, compared with other children, less cooperative with adults, less prosocial with peers, more impulsive, less achievement oriented, less purposive, and less happy (mean η2  = .52). Parenting, especially observed impatience, threats, and use of force when children were emotionally distressed, showed important differences across groups.
['Roberts|William L|WL|0000-0001-7587-945X']
D000374:Aggression D058445:Bullying D002652:Child Behavior D002668:Child Rearing D002675:Child, Preschool D003299:Cooperative Behavior D005260:Female D033062:Friends D006801:Humans D008297:Male D010287:Parent-Child Relations D016487:Parenting D010379:Peer Group D000079225:Psychological Distress D011779:Q-Sort D012919:Social Behavior D000083505:Social Interaction D066107:Social Skills
social competence friendships aggression bullying prosocial behaviours socialization of emotion