A Review: Phytochemicals Targeting JAK/STAT Signaling and IDO Expression in Cancer.
Cancer remains a major health problem worldwide. Among many other factors, two regulatory defects that are present in most cancer cells are constitutive activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway and the induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan degradation, through JAK/STAT signaling. Cytokine signaling activates STAT proteins in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival through modulation of target genes. Many phytochemicals can inhibit both JAK/STAT signaling and IDO expression in antigen-presenting cells by targeting different pathways. Some of the promising phytochemicals that are discussed in this review include resveratrol, cucurbitacin, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and others. It is now evident that phytochemicals play key roles in inhibition of tumor proliferation and development and provide novel means for therapeutic targeting of cancer.
['Arumuggam|Niroshaathevi|N|', 'Bhowmick|Neil A|NA|', 'Rupasinghe|H P Vasantha|HP|']
D000818:Animals D002392:Catechin D049109:Cell Proliferation D054728:Cucurbitacins D003474:Curcumin D004195:Disease Models, Animal D006801:Humans D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase D053612:Janus Kinases D009369:Neoplasms D064209:Phytochemicals D000077185:Resveratrol D050791:STAT Transcription Factors D015398:Signal Transduction D013267:Stilbenes
phytochemicals JAK/STAT cancer indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) epigenetics