Military occupation
For example, in 1948 the U.S. Military Tribunal in Nuremberg held that: In belligerent occupation the occupying power does not hold enemy territory by virtue of any legal right. On the contrary, it merely exercises a precarious and temporary actual control.

End of occupation and authority shift: According to Eyal Benvenisti, occupation can end in a number of ways, such as: "loss of effective control, namely when the occupant is no longer capable of exercising its authority; through the genuine consent of the sovereign (the ousted government or an indigenous one) by the signing of a peace agreement; or by transferring authority to an indigenous government endorsed by the occupied population through referendum and which has received international recognition".

Examples of occupations: Some examples of military occupation came into existence as an outcome of World War I and World War II:

Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA), encompassing much of the Middle East during 1917–1920 – separated to French (OETA North) and British (OETA South) domains;
Allied-occupied Germany (1945–49) in the aftermath of World War II

A number of post-1945 occupations have lasted more than 20 years, such as those of Namibia by South Africa, of East Timor by Indonesia, of Northern Cyprus by Turkey and of Western Sahara by Morocco. One of the world's longest ongoing occupations is Israel's occupation of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem  (1967–present) and the Gaza Strip (1967–present), both Palestinian territories, as well as the Syrian Golan Heights, which was occupied in 1967 and effectively annexed in 1981.
Other prolonged occupations that have been alleged include those of the Falkland Islands/Malvinas, claimed by Argentina, by the United Kingdom (1833–present), of Tibet by PR China (1950), and of Hawaii by the United States (1893). The War Report makes no determination as to whether belligerent occupation is occurring in these cases.
Examples of occupation which took place in the second half of the 20th century include:

Egyptian occupation of Gaza, 1949/59–1967
Indian occupation of Goa, followed by its annexation (1961)
Indonesian occupation of the West New Guinea, followed by its annexation (1963)
Israeli occupation of the Western Golan Heights (1967–present)
Turkish occupation of Northern Cyprus (1974–present)
Somali occupation of Ogaden in Ethiopia (1977–1978)
Indonesian occupation of East Timor, followed by the annexation (1975–1999)
Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara, followed most areas by its annexation (1975)
Iraqi occupation of Kuwait, followed by its annexation as the Kuwait Governorate and the Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District during the Gulf War (1990–1991)
Examples of occupation in the 21st century include:

Iraq occupied by US during the Iraq War of 2003–2011 (See: Coalition Provisional Authority)
Ethiopian occupation of Somalia during 2006–2009
The Russian occupation of Georgia since 1992/2008 (See: Gori and Poti occupied by Russia during the Russo-Georgian War)
Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present):
Occupation of parts of Donbas region and Crimea in Ukraine by Russia since 2014, followed by its Crimea annexation in 2014 (See: Russian military intervention in Ukraine, War in Donbas)
Occupations during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present):
Parts of Kharkiv, Kherson, Zaporizhzhia and Mykolaiv oblasts, followed by partial annexation of occupied areas
Former partial occupations of Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava, Kyiv, Sumy and Zhytomyr oblasts, as well as Snake Island, in early 2022 (See: Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February – 7 April 2022), Snake Island campaign)
Turkish occupation of northern Syria in support of the Syrian opposition since 2016
United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra in 2018 during the Yemeni Civil War

See also: Banana Wars
Allied-occupied Germany
Ex parte Milligan
German-occupied Europe
Intervention (international law)
Interventionism (politics)
Police action
Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project
Status of forces agreement
List of countries with overseas military bases
Lists of military installations
List of military occupations

Notes: 

References: 

Further reading: Simon Collard-Wexler. 2013. Understanding Resistance to Foreign Occupation. PhD thesis, Columbia University.
Occupied territory – the legal issues, legal provisions regarding occupation of territory by hostile power and implications for people protected by IHL.
David Kretzmer, Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories. State University of New York Press, 2002. ISBN 0-7914-5338-3, 0-7914-5337-5
Sander D. Dikker Hupkes, What Constitutes Occupation? Israel as the occupying power in the Gaza Strip after the Disengagement, Leiden: Jongbloed 2008, 110 pp., ISBN 978-90-70062-45-3  Openacces
Belligerent Occupation
"The Law of Belligerent Occupation" Michal N. Schmitt (regarding occupation of Iraq)
Law of Belligerent Occupation, Judge Advocate General's School, United States Army
Military Government and Martial Law, by William E. Birkhimer, 3rd ed., rev. (1914), Kansas City, MO, Franklin Hudson Publishing Co.
FM 27-10 "The Law of Land Warfare", Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 18 July 1956. (This manual supersedes FM 27–10, 1 October 1940, including C 1, 15 November 1944. Changes required on 15 July 1976, have been incorporated within this document.) Chapter 6, Occupation
Bellal, A. (editor). (2015) The War Report: Armed Conflict in 2014. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

External links: 
Occupation Studies Research Network - Interdisciplinary hub for the global community of scholars working on military occupation