Parthian shot
History: In addition to the Parthians and their successors, the Sasanians, this tactic was used by most nomads of the Eurasian Steppe, including the Scythians, Xiongnu, Huns, Turks, Magyars, Koreans, Mongols, as well as the Urartians and the Comanche.
The Parthians used the tactic to great effect in their victory over the Roman general Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae.
A tactic similar to the Parthian shot was attributed to the Phoenicians from Sidon by Silius Italicus.
The tactic was also used by Muslim conqueror Muhammad of Ghor in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 against Indian elephants, heavy cavalry and heavy infantry, by Alp Arslan in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 against the Byzantines, and by Subutai in the Battle of Legnica in 1241 against Polish knights.

As metaphor: The term "Parthian shot" is also used as a metaphor to describe a barbed insult, delivered as the speaker departs.

With which Parthian shot he walked away, leaving the two rivals open-mouthed behind him.
His Parthian shot reached them as they closed the doors. 'Never mind darlings', they heard him say, 'we can all sleep soundly now Turner's here.'
You wound, like Parthians, while you fly,And kill with a retreating eye.
That last Parthian shot went home.
Leaving this Parthian shaft to rankle in Anne’s stormy bosom, Marilla descended to the kitchen, grievously troubled in mind and vexed in soul.

Gallery: 

See also: Feint
Pyrrhic victory
Caracole, a similar cavalry maneuver
Cantabrian circle
L'esprit de l'escalier, also called staircase wit

References: 

Further reading: Overtoom, Nikolaus (2020). Reign of Arrows: The Rise of the Parthian Empire in the Hellenistic Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197680223.
Colburn, Henry P. (2021). "A Parthian Shot of Potential Arsacid Date" (PDF). Dabir. 8 (8). University of California, Irvine: Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture: 35–40. doi:10.1163/29497833-00801004.