Air interdiction
History: 

World War II: In the lead up to the invasion of France, the Allied strategic bomber force was switched from the destruction of the enemy air force and means of production to a destruction of the railway routes to the intended landing areas. Once the landings were underway, the Allied tactical and strategic air forces were used to prevent the German strategic armoured reserves from being brought up to the coast and reinforce the divisions there.

Korean War: 

Cold War: During the Cold War, the NATO alliance leaned into the concept of air interdiction."Air interdiction...is essential to the overall effectiveness of the Allies' military forces. Their role in supporting operations, on land and at sea, will require appropriate long-distance airlift and air refuelling capabilities. "

Vietnam War: 

Iran-Iraq War: Both the Iranian Air Force (IIAF) and the Iraqi Air Force (IQAF) made concerted efforts during the early days of the Iran-Iraq War to interdict the other side. For both sides this largely amounted to engaging in armed reconnaissance and attacking targets of opportunity, with few attacks on pre-planned targets.  The IIAF did have the advantage of having superior munitions and tactical reconnaissance - possessing a squadron of RF-4E Phantoms and pre-revolution targeting intelligence - but their efforts largely mirrored that of the IQAF.
The IQAF's interdiction efforts peaked during the first 45 days of the war, but later declined to more sporadic missions, increasing in conjunction with major offensives.  Interdiction by the IIAF was more sustained through late 1980 but after mid-January 1981 also declined.  While both sides caused considerable damage on the other, with the Iranians arguably achieving more, neither interdiction effort was particularly effective nor did they play a factor in the outcome of the war.  Both sides pulled back their air forces to avoid mounting losses and with the reasoning that, while they might not play a role in winning the war, they could still be used to avoid defeat.

Gulf War 1990-1991: 

21st Century: 

See also: Blockade
No-drive zone
Ground attack aircraft
Interdictor

References: 

Bibliography: 

External links: Air Interdiction, by Clifford Krieger.  Aerospace Power Journal, Spring 1989.
DOD dictionary definition of air interdiction.