The great wealth of the aristocracy and the dissatisfaction among the lower and middle classes were factors that led to the French Revolution of the 18th century and to the Bolshevik Revolution in 20th - century Russia.
در اروپا ،‏ یهودیان را جزو قشر کم‌ارزش به شمار آوردند و این عمل ،‏ سرآغاز قتل‌عام ایشان بود .‏