German scholar Heinrich Meyer observes: “Seeing... that the body of Jesus was still unbroken (still living), and that, as yet, His blood had not been shed, none of the guests [the apostles] can have supposed... that they were in reality eating and drinking the very body and blood of the Lord, [so] Jesus Himself could not have intended His simple words to be understood in a sense which they did not then admit of. ”
محققی آلمانی به نام هاینریش مِیِر گفت که دلیلی وجود نداشت که رسولان تصوّر کنند بدن عیسی را می‌خورند و خونش را می‌آشامند زیرا « بدن عیسی هنوز منقطع نشده بود (‏ از حیات قطع نشده بود )‏ .‏ » او همچنین گفت که عیسی مفهوم نان و شراب را با « کلمات ساده » توضیح داد زیرا نمی‌خواست که رسولانش منظورش را اشتباه متوجه شوند .‏