Referring to the actions of the nations and their rulers, the psalmist begins his composition by singing: “Why have the nations been in tumult and the national groups themselves kept muttering an empty thing?
Sewaktu menyinggung tentang tindakan bangsa - bangsa dan para pemimpin mereka, sang pemazmur memulai gubahannya dengan kata - kata, ” Mengapa bangsa - bangsa dalam keadaan rusuh dan kelompok - kelompok bangsa terus menggumamkan perkara kosong?