The researchers, however, point out that the effects of hopelessness often vary among individuals, depending on such factors as childhood experiences, depression, cultural background, and economic security.
Akan tetapi, para peneliti menandaskan bahwa dampak pupusnya harapan sering kali berbeda pada setiap orang, bergantung pada faktor - faktor seperti pengalaman masa kecil, depresi, latar belakang kebudayaan, dan keamanan ekonomi.