His political and ecclesiastical activities were ostensibly conditioned by the desire to safeguard peace, maintain equilibrium between rival states, strengthen bonds of friendship with allies who would defend the papacy, and keep Christendom’s monarchs united against the Turkish threat.
Tampaknya, kegiatan - kegiatan politis dan gerejawinya terbentuk oleh hasrat untuk menjaga perdamaian, mempertahankan keseimbangan antar negara - negara saingan, memperkuat ikatan persahabatan dengan para sekutu yang mau membela kepausan, dan mempertahankan persatuan raja - raja Susunan Kristen guna melawan ancaman Turki.