Pope Gregory VII: © Scala / ​ White Images / ​ Art Resource, NY; Pope Innocent III: © Scala / ​ Art Resource, NY; Council of Trent: © Scala / ​ White Images / ​ Art Resource, NY; Pope Paul IV: © The Print Collector, Great Britain / ​ HIP / ​ Art Resource, NY
Pope Gregory VII: © Scala / ​ White Images / ​ Art Resource, NY; Pope Innocent III: © Scala / ​ Art Resource, NY; Council of Trent: © Scala / ​ White Images / ​ Art Resource, NY; Pope Paul IV: © The Print Collector, Great Britain / ​ HIP / ​ Art Resource, NY