Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide from vehicle exhaust contribute to acid rain, which contaminates bodies of water, harms aquatic life, and damages a wide variety of vegetation.
Nitrogen oksida dan sulfur dioksida dari knalpot kendaraan turut menyebabkan hujan asam, yang mencemari air, membahayakan kehidupan di dalamnya, dan merusak beragam tanaman.