As early as the first century C.E., apocryphal books, such as the “Book of Jubilees ” and the“ Common Rule ” of the Qumran sect, depicted the Devil as bargaining with God and yet subject to His will.
Pada abad pertama M, buku - buku apokrifa Yahudi menggambarkan bahwa Iblis tawar - menawar dengan Allah namun harus tunduk pada kehendak - Nya.