Referring to the year 1855, the book NYPD ​ — A City and Its Police described “the impression of many New Yorkers that the thugs and the police were becoming difficult to distinguish. ”
Buku NYPD ​ — A City and Its Police melukiskan bahwa pada tahun 1855, ” banyak penduduk New York merasa sulit membedakan antara preman dan polisi ”.