According to Julie Barkmeier, an assistant professor of speech and hearing sciences, such disorders are often the result of nodules, polyps, or irritations that develop on the vocal cords when a voice is misused.
Menurut Julie Barkmeier, seorang asisten profesor ilmu pengucapan dan pendengaran, gangguan seperti itu sering kali akibat gumpalan kecil, polip, atau iritasi yang berkembang pada pita suara apabila suara disalahgunakan.