As early as 1199, the bishop of Metz, in northeastern France, complained to Pope Innocent III that individuals were reading and discussing the Bible in the vernacular.
તેમ જ વાલ્ડૅન્સીસ અથવા વાલ્ડૅન્સીઅન્સ, લીઓનના ગરીબો તરીકે ઓળખાતા.