Yes, a person can become enraged against God in his heart. This attitude could manifest itself in subtle ways.
(‏ اش ٤١ :‏ ١١‏ )‏ قَالَ أَحَدُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءِ :‏ « ذِرَاعُكَ أَقْصَرُ مِنْ أَنْ تُلَاكِمَ ٱللهَ » .‏