The book Family, Love and the Bible observes about ancient times: “The gravest of all punishments that could be meted out to a family member who became guilty of a serious crime was to cast him out, to deprive him of his ‘ membership ’ in the family....
يقول كتاب العائلة ،‏ المحبة ،‏ والكتاب المقدس ‏ (‏ بالانكليزية )‏ عن الازمنة القديمة :‏ « كان اشدّ عقاب يمكن انزاله بفرد من العائلة ارتكب جريمة خطيرة هو طرده ،‏ حرمانه من ‹ عضوية › العائلة .‏ .‏ .‏ .‏