Clearly, the discoveries and inventions of medieval masters like Rhazes, Avicenna, Albucasis, and their contemporaries can rightly be described as the foundation of what we today call modern medicine.
Surgical instruments: © bpk ,‎ Berlin / ​ Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin / ​ Ruth Schacht / ​ Art Resource ,‎ NY; Avicenna: Gianni Dagli Orti / ​ The Art Archive at Art Resource ,‎ NY