That judgment will be by the one whom Paul did not name in his talk in Athens but whom we know to be the resurrected Jesus Christ. Judgment by Jesus will mean either life or death.
وَٱلدَّيْنُونَةُ عَلَى يَدِ يَسُوعَ تُحَدِّدُ مَصِيرَ ٱلْإِنْسَانِ :‏ إِمَّا ٱلْحَيَاةَ أَوِ ٱلْمَوْتَ .‏