He wrote: “An invention of the middle ages, [seppuku] was a process by which warriors could expiate their crimes, apologise for errors, escape from disgrace, redeem their friends, or prove their sincerity. ”
كتب :‏ « [السيپوكو] ابتكار يعود الى القرون الوسطى ،‏ لجأ اليه المحاربون ليكفروا عن جرائمهم ،‏ يعتذروا عن اخطائهم ،‏ يهربوا من العار ،‏ يفدوا اصدقاءهم ،‏ او ليبرهنوا عن اخلاصهم » .‏