One professor of chemistry said that among the things needed would be (1) a protective membrane, (2) the ability to get and process energy, (3) information in the genes, and (4) the ability to make copies of that information.
أَضَافَ ٱلْبْرُوفِسُورُ نَفْسُهُ :‏ « يَقِفُ ٱلْإِنْسَانُ مَذْهُولًا أَمَامَ ٱلتَّعْقِيدِ ٱلْمَوْجُودِ حَتَّى فِي أَبْسَطِ ٱلْكَائِنَاتِ ٱلْحَيَّةِ » .‏