“ By the fifth century the stern doctrine that sinners will have no second chance after this life and that the fire which will devour them will never be extinguished was everywhere paramount, ” wrote Professor J.N.D.
ओरिजन आणि निसाचा वेदान्ती, ग्रेगरी यांच्या मते नरक हे देवापासून दुरावलेले ठिकाण अर्थात आध्यात्मिक यातना होते.