<sod>[[Phobia]] of [[pregnancy]] and [[childbirth]], as with any phobia, can manifest through a number of symptoms including [[nightmares]], difficulty in concentrating on work or on family activities, [[panic attacks]] and [[psychosomatic]] complaints. Often the fear of childbirth motivates a request for an [[Caesarean delivery on maternal request|elective caesarean section]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Garrod|first1=Debbie|title=Rebuilding confidence in women's abilities in birth|journal=British Journal of Midwifery|date=December 2011|volume=19|issue=12|page=830|doi=10.12968/bjom.2011.19.12.830|accessdate=13 December 2015}}</ref> Fear of labor pain is strongly associated with the fear of [[pain]] in general; a previous complicated childbirth, or inadequate [[pain relief]], may cause the phobia to develop. A fear of [[pregnancy]] itself can result in an avoidance of pregnancy or even, as [[birth control]] methods are never 100% effective, an avoidance of sexual intercourse[ or asking for [[hysterotomy]].<eod>
<sod>[[Phobia]] of [[pregnancy]] and [[childbirth]], as with any phobia, can manifest through a number of symptoms including [[nightmares]], difficulty in concentrating on work or on family activities, [[panic attacks]] and [[psychosomatic]] complaints. Often the fear of childbirth motivates a request for an [[Caesarean delivery on maternal request|elective caesarean section]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Garrod|first1=Debbie|title=Rebuilding confidence in women's abilities in birth|journal=British Journal of Midwifery|date=December 2011|volume=19|issue=12|page=830|doi=10.12968/bjom.2011.19.12.830|accessdate=13 December 2015}}</ref> Fear of labor pain is strongly associated with the fear of [[pain]] in general; a previous complicated childbirth, or inadequate [[pain relief]], may cause the phobia to develop. A fear of [[pregnancy]] itself can result in an avoidance of pregnancy or even, as [[birth control]] methods are never 100% effective, an avoidance of sexual intercourse or asking for [[hysterotomy]].<eod>