<sod>'''The Berlin patient''' is a phrase that has been used on two distinct and unrelated occasions to describe a person who has received a functional cure for [[HIV/AIDS]] in [[Berlin]], Germany. The first Berlin patient was described in 1998.<ref name=":6">{{cite news|last=Schoofs|first=Mark|title=The Berlin Patient|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/21/magazine/the-berlin-patient.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|newspaper=New York Times Magazine|date=June 21, 1998}}</ref> After receiving an experimental [[therapy]], the patient, who has remained [[anonymous work|anonymous]], has maintained low levels of [[HIV]] and has remained off [[antiretroviral therapy]].<ref name=Jessen>{{cite journal|last1=Jessen|first1=Heiko|last2=Allen|first2=Todd M.|last3=Hendrik|first3=Streeck|title=How a Single Patient Influenced HIV Research — 15-Year Follow-up|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|date=13 February 2014|volume=370|pages=682–683|doi=10.1056/NEJMc1308413|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1308413|accessdate=15 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal|title=Control of HIV despite the Discontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|year=1999|doi=10.1056/NEJM199905273402114|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199905273402114|volume=340|pages=1683}}</ref> The world-renowned "second" Berlin patient, [[Timothy Ray Brown]], was first described in 2008 following a poster presented at the CROI 2008 Conference in Boston by Dr. Gero Hütter.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schoofs|first=Mark|title=A Doctor, a Mutation and a Potential Cure for AIDS|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122602394113507555.html|newspaper=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> He received a [[stem cell transplant]] from a donor naturally resistant to HIV and has remained off [[antiretroviral therapy]] since the first day of his stem cell transplant. Their stories were chronicled in the 2014 book, ''Cured: The People who Defeated HIV''.<ref name="nature.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/news/hiv-rebound-dashes-hope-of-mississippi-baby-cure-1.15535|title=HIV rebound dashes hope of 'Mississippi baby' cure|date=10 July 2014|work=Nature|first=Heidi|last=Ledford}}</ref> The Visconti Cohort, a group of fourteen patients who received early therapy for the virus, are considered functionally cured of HIV, meaning that they still harbor the virus within their bodies but do not need to take antiretroviral therapy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amfar.org/articles/around-the-world/treatasia/2013/making-sense-of-the-three-types-of-hiv-cure--the-berlin-patient,-the-mississippi-child,-and-the-visconti-cohort/|title=Making Sense of the Three Types of HIV Cure: The Berlin Patient, the Mississippi Child, and the VISCONTI Cohort|accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> A child known as the Mississippi baby was once considered part of this elite group but has since suffered a relapse.<ref name="nature.com"/> Timothy Ray Brown is the only individual who is considered to have a sterilizing cure, meaning he no longer harbors the HIV virus within his body.<eod>
<sod>'''The Berlin patient''' is a phrase that has been used on two distinct and unrelated occasions to describe a person who has received a functional cure for [[HIV/AIDS]] in [[Berlin]], Germany. The first Berlin patient was described in 1998.<ref name=":6">{{cite news|last=Schoofs|first=Mark|title=The Berlin Patient|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/21/magazine/the-berlin-patient.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|newspaper=New York Times Magazine|date=June 21, 1998}}</ref> After receiving an experimental [[therapy]], the patient, who has remained [[anonymous work|anonymous]], has maintained low levels of [[HIV]] and has remained off [[antiretroviral therapy]].<ref name=Jessen>{{cite journal|last1=Jessen|first1=Heiko|last2=Allen|first2=Todd M.|last3=Hendrik|first3=Streeck|title=How a Single Patient Influenced HIV Research — 15-Year Follow-up|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|date=13 February 2014|volume=370|pages=682–683|doi=10.1056/NEJMc1308413|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1308413|accessdate=15 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal|title=Control of HIV despite the Discontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|year=1999|doi=10.1056/NEJM199905273402114|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199905273402114|volume=340|pages=1683}}</ref> The world-renowned "second" Berlin patient, [[Timothy Ray Brown]], was first described in 2008 following a poster presented at the CROI 2008 Conference in Boston by Dr. Gero Hütter.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schoofs|first=Mark|title=A Doctor, a Mutation and a Potential Cure for AIDS|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122602394113507555.html|newspaper=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> He received a [[stem cell transplant]] from a donor naturally resistant to HIV and has remained off [[antiretroviral therapy]] since the first day of his stem cell transplant. Their stories were chronicled in the 2014 book, ''Cured: The People who Defeated HIV''.<ref name="nature.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/news/hiv-rebound-dashes-hope-of-mississippi-baby-cure-1.15535|title=HIV rebound dashes hope of 'Mississippi baby' cure|date=10 July 2014|work=Nature|first=Heidi|last=Ledford}}</ref> The Visconti Cohort, a group of fourteen patients who received early therapy for the virus, are considered functionally cured of HIV, meaning that they still harbor the virus within their bodies but do not need to take antiretroviral therapy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amfar.org/articles/around-the-world/treatasia/2013/making-sense-of-the-three-types-of-hiv-cure--the-berlin-patient,-the-mississippi-child,-and-the-visconti-cohort/|title=Making Sense of the Three Types of HIV Cure: The Berlin Patient, the Mississippi Child, and the VISCONTI Cohort|accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> A child known as the [[Mississippi baby]] was once considered part of this elite group but has since suffered a relapse.<ref name="nature.com"/> Timothy Ray Brown is the only individual who is considered to have a sterilizing cure, meaning he no longer harbors the HIV virus within his body.<eod>