<sod>When Æthelwulf succeeded to the throne of Wessex in 839, his experience as sub-king of Kent had given him valuable training in kingship, and he in turn made his own sons sub-kings.{{sfn|Yorke|1990|pp=168–69}} According to the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', on his accession "he gave to his son Æthelstan the kingdom of the people of Kent, and the kingdom of the East Saxons and of the people of Surrey and of the South Saxons". However, Æthelwulf did not give Æthelstan the same power as his father had given him, and although Æthelstan attested his father's charters{{efn|To attest a charter was to witness a grant of land by the king. The attesters were listed by the scribe at the end of the charter, although usually only the most high-ranking witnesses were included.}} as king, he does not appear to have been given the power to issue his own charters. Æthelwulf exercised authority in the south-east and made regular visits there. He governed Wessex and Kent as separate spheres, and assemblies in each kingdom were only attended by the nobility of that country. The historian [[Janet Nelson]] says that "Æthelwulf ran a [[Carolingian Empire|Carolingian]]-style family firm of plural realms, held together by his own authority as father-king, and by the consent of distinct élites." He maintained his father's policy of governing Kent through ealdormen appointed from the local nobility and advancing their interests, but gave less support to the church.{{sfnm|1a1=Keynes|1y=1993|1pp=124–27|2a1=Nelson|2y=2004a}} In 843 Æthelwulf granted ten hides at [[Little Chart]] to Æthelmod, the brother of the leading Kentish ealdorman Ealhere, and Æthelmod succeeded to the post on his brother's death in 853.{{sfn|Brooks|1984|pp=147–49}} In 844 Æthelwulf granted land at [[Chartham#Horton|Horton]] in Kent to Ealdorman Eadred, with permission to transfer parts of it to local landowners; in a culture of reciprocity, this created a network of mutual friendships and obligations between the beneficiaries and the king.{{sfnm|1a1=Abels|1y=1998|1pp=32–33|2a1=S 319|2y=Sawyer}} Archbishops of Canterbury were firmly in the West Saxon king's sphere. His ealdormen enjoyed a high status, and sometimes attested charters above the king's sons.{{sfn|Abels|1998|p=271}} His reign is the first for which there is evidence of royal priests,{{sfn|Pratt|2007|p=64}} and [[Malmesbury Abbey]] regarded him as an important benefactor, who is said to have been the donor of a shrine for the relics of [[Aldhelm|Saint Aldhelm]].{{sfn|Kelly|2005|pp=13, 102}}<eod>
<sod>When Æthelwulf succeeded to the throne of Wessex in 839, his experience as sub-king of Kent had given him valuable training in kingship, and he in turn made his own sons sub-kings.{{sfn|Yorke|1990|pp=168–69}} According to the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', on his accession "he gave to his son Æthelstan the kingdom of the people of Kent, and the kingdom of the East Saxons [Essex] and of the people of Surrey and of the South Saxons [Sussex]". However, Æthelwulf did not give Æthelstan the same power as his father had given him, and although Æthelstan attested his father's charters{{efn|To attest a charter was to witness a grant of land by the king. The attesters were listed by the scribe at the end of the charter, although usually only the most high-ranking witnesses were included.}} as king, he does not appear to have been given the power to issue his own charters. Æthelwulf exercised authority in the south-east and made regular visits there. He governed Wessex and Kent as separate spheres, and assemblies in each kingdom were only attended by the nobility of that country. The historian [[Janet Nelson]] says that "Æthelwulf ran a [[Carolingian Empire|Carolingian]]-style family firm of plural realms, held together by his own authority as father-king, and by the consent of distinct élites." He maintained his father's policy of governing Kent through ealdormen appointed from the local nobility and advancing their interests, but gave less support to the church.{{sfnm|1a1=Keynes|1y=1993|1pp=124–27|2a1=Nelson|2y=2004a}} In 843 Æthelwulf granted ten hides at [[Little Chart]] to Æthelmod, the brother of the leading Kentish ealdorman Ealhere, and Æthelmod succeeded to the post on his brother's death in 853.{{sfn|Brooks|1984|pp=147–49}} In 844 Æthelwulf granted land at [[Chartham#Horton|Horton]] in Kent to Ealdorman Eadred, with permission to transfer parts of it to local landowners; in a culture of reciprocity, this created a network of mutual friendships and obligations between the beneficiaries and the king.{{sfnm|1a1=Abels|1y=1998|1pp=32–33|2a1=S 319|2y=Sawyer}} Archbishops of Canterbury were firmly in the West Saxon king's sphere. His ealdormen enjoyed a high status, and sometimes attested charters above the king's sons.{{sfn|Abels|1998|p=271}} His reign is the first for which there is evidence of royal priests,{{sfn|Pratt|2007|p=64}} and [[Malmesbury Abbey]] regarded him as an important benefactor, who is said to have been the donor of a shrine for the relics of [[Aldhelm|Saint Aldhelm]].{{sfn|Kelly|2005|pp=13, 102}}<eod>