<sod>Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in the early months of 1881, either in the Ahmed Subaşı neighbourhood or at a house (preserved as a museum) in Islahhane Street (now Apostolou Pavlou Street) in the Koca Kasım Pasha neighbourhood in [[Thessaloniki|Salonica]] (Selanik),<ref>{{cite book|author1=Méropi Anastassiadou|author2=Méropi Anastassiadou-Dumont|title=Salonique, 1830-1912: une ville ottomane à l'âge des Réformes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qSjAqaQTI7EC&pg=PA71|year=1997|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-10798-3|page=71}}</ref> [[Ottoman Empire]] (Thessaloniki in present-day [[Greece]]), to [[Zübeyde Hanım]], a housewife, and [[Ali Rıza Efendi]], a militia officer, title-deed clerk and lumber trader.  Only one of Mustafa's siblings, a sister named [[Makbule Atadan|Makbule (Atadan)]] survived childhood; she died in 1956.<ref>{{cite book|author=Cemal Çelebi Granda|title=Cemal Granda anlatıyor|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hFcwAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Pal Medya ve Organizasyon|isbn=978-9944-203-01-2}} {{page needed|date=January 2016}}</ref> According to [[Andrew Mango]], his family was Muslim, [[Turkish language|Turkish-speaking]] and precariously middle-class.<ref>[[Andrew Mango]] ''Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey'', Overlook Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-58567-334-6, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=ZhvATKOVHcelcN3GoPkL&ct=result&id=nu68vd_AmuYC&dq=Andrew+Mango&q=Turkish+speaking+family+#search_anchor p. 25], p.27ff. – "Feyzullah's family is said to have come from the country near Vodina (now Edhessa in western Greek Macedonia). The surname Sofuzade, meaning 'son of a pious man', suggests that the ancestors of Zübeyde and Ali Rıza had a similar background. Cemil Bozok, son of Salih Bozok, who was a distant cousin of Atatürk and, later, his ADC, claims to have been related to both Ali Rıza's and Zübeyde's families. This would mean that the families of Atatürk's parents were interrelated. Cemil Bozok also notes that his paternal grandfather, Safer Efendi, was of Albanian origin. This may have a bearing on the vexed question of Atatürk's ethnic origin. Atatürk's parents and relatives all used Turkish as their mother tongue. This suggests that some at least of their ancestors had originally come from Turkey, since local Muslims of Albanian and Slav origin who had no ethnic connection with Turkey spoke Albanian, Serbo-Croat or Bulgarian, at least so long as they remained in their native land.'', ''But in looks Ataturk resembled local Albanians and Slavs.[...] But there is no evidence that either Ali Riza or Zübeyde was descended from such Turkish nomads." page 28; "It is much more likely that Atatürk inherited his looks from his Balkan ancestors.[...] But Albanians and Slavs are likely to have figured among his ancestors."</ref> His father Ali Rıza is thought to have been of [[Albanians|Albanian]] origin by some authors;<ref>Mango, Andrew, ''Ataturk: the biography of the founder of modern Turkey'', (Overlook TP, 2002), p. 27.</ref><ref name="books.google.com.tr">Jackh, Ernest, ''The Rising Crescent'', (Goemaere Press, 2007), [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pxs-DAIVxqYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Rising+Crescent&hl=tr&ei=bI7GTNu-J4i8vgPS0dzQDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Turkish%20mother&f=false p. 31, ''Turkish mother and Albanian father'']</ref><ref name="p. 144">Isaac Frederick Marcosson, ''Turbulent Years'', Ayer Publishing, 1969, [https://books.google.com/books?id=399LkTqBLdAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Isaac+Frederick+Marcosson%22&hl=tr&ei=inXGTMnzJYSuvgPPvLTZDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Ali%20Riza&f=false p. 144.]</ref> however, according to many more references as [[Falih Rıfkı Atay]], [[Vamik D. Volkan]], [[Norman Itzkowitz]], Müjgân Cunbur, Numan Kartal and Hasan İzzettin Dinamo, Ali Rıza's ancestors were [[Turkish people|Turks]], ultimately descending from [[Söke]] in the [[Aydın Province]] of [[Anatolia]].<ref name="Çankaya17">Falih Rıfkı Atay, ''Çankaya: Atatürk'ün doğumundan ölümüne kadar'', İstanbul: Betaş, 1984, p. 17. {{tr icon}}</ref><ref>Vamik D. Volkan & Norman Itzkowitz, ''Ölümsüz Atatürk'' (''Immortal Ataturk''), Bağlam Yayınları, 1998, ISBN 975-7696-97-8, p. 37, dipnote no. 6 (Atay, 1980, s. 17)</ref><ref>[[Müjgân Cunbur|Cunbur, Müjgân]]. ''Türk dünyası edebiyatçıları ansiklopedisi, 2. cilt'' (2004), Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Başkanlığı: "Babası Ali Rıza Efendi (doğ. 1839), annesi Zübeyde Hanımdır, baba dedesi Hafız Ahmet Efendi, 14-15. yy.da Anadolu'dan göç ederek Makedonya'ya yerleşen Kocacık Yörüklerindendir."</ref><ref>Kartal, Numan. ''Atatürk ve Kocacık Türkleri'' (2002), T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı: "Aile Selânik'e Manastır ilinin Debrei Bâlâ sancağına bağlı Kocacık bucağından gelmişti. Ali Rıza Efendi'nin doğum yeri olan Kocacık bucağı halkı da Anadolu'dan gitme ve tamamıyla Türk, Müslüman Oğuzların Türkmen boylarındandırlar."</ref><ref>Dinamo, Hasan İzzettin.''Kutsal isyan: Millî Kurtuluş savaşı'nın gerçek hikâyesi, 2. cilt'' (1986), Tekin Yayınevi.</ref><ref>[http://www.whereismacedonia.org/en/where-to-go-in-macedonia/museums-in-macedonia/327-mustafa-kemal-ataturk-memorial-museum-in-village-kodzadzik-in-municipality-centar-zupa Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – memorial museum in village Kodzadzik in Municipality Centar Zupa].</ref> His mother Zübeyde is thought to have been of [[Turkish people|Turkish]] origin<ref name="books.google.com.tr"/><ref name="p. 144"/> and according to [[Şevket Süreyya Aydemir]], she was of [[Yörük]] ancestry.<ref>Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, ''Tek Adam: Mustafa Kemal'', Birinci Cilt (1st vol.): 1881–1919, 14th ed., Remzi Kitabevi, 1997, ISBN 975-14-0212-3, p. 31. {{tr icon}}</ref> Due to the sizeable minority of [[Jews in the Ottoman Empire|Jews]] in Selanik during the Ottoman period, many of Atatürk's [[Islamism|Islamist]] opponents have eagerly claimed that he may have had [[Dönmeh]] ancestors (Jews who converted to [[Islam]] during the Ottoman period).<ref>[[Gershom Scholem]], "Doenmeh", ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', 2nd ed.; Volume 5: Coh-Doz, Macmillan Reference USA, Thomson Gale, 2007, ISBN 0-02-865933-3, p. 732.</ref> However, his grandparents were not native to Selanik, and his family had moved to this city (the largest metropolis in Ottoman [[Rumelia]] after [[Istanbul]]) in the late 19th century, from other [[provinces of the Ottoman Empire]]. There are also some suggestions about the possibility of his [[Slavs|Slavic]] origin, based on his [[light skin]] [[complexion]], [[blond]] hair and [[Eye color#Blue|blue eyes]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Arnold Blumberg|title=Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers who Made History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nofUu5tvJ18C&pg=PA7|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28751-0|page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=A. Baran Dural|title=His Story: Mustafa Kemal and Turkish Revolution|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TqvvQGHl5CUC&pg=PA2|year=2007|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-85604-6|pages=1–2}}</ref><ref>''Whether, like most Macedonians, he had about him a touch of the hybrid —perhaps of the Slav or Albanian—can only be a matter for surmise.''Ataturk: a biography of Mustafa Kemal, father of modern Turkey, Baron Patrick Balfour Kinross, Quill/Morrow, 1992, ISBN 0688112838, p. 8.</ref><eod>
<sod>Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in the early months of 1881, either in the Ahmed Subaşı neighbourhood or at a house (preserved as a museum) in Islahhane Street (now Apostolou Pavlou Street) in the Koca Kasım Pasha neighbourhood in [[Thessaloniki|Salonica]] (Selanik),<ref>{{cite book|author1=Méropi Anastassiadou|author2=Méropi Anastassiadou-Dumont|title=Salonique, 1830-1912: une ville ottomane à l'âge des Réformes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qSjAqaQTI7EC&pg=PA71|year=1997|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-10798-3|page=71}}</ref> [[Ottoman Empire]] (Thessaloniki in present-day [[Greece]]), to [[Zübeyde Hanım]], a housewife, and [[Ali Rıza Efendi]], a militia officer, title-deed clerk and lumber trader.  Only one of Mustafa's siblings, a sister named [[Makbule Atadan|Makbule (Atadan)]] survived childhood; she died in 1956.<ref>{{cite book|author=Cemal Çelebi Granda|title=Cemal Granda anlatıyor|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hFcwAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Pal Medya ve Organizasyon|isbn=978-9944-203-01-2}} {{page needed|date=January 2016}}</ref> According to [[Andrew Mango]], his family was Muslim, [[Turkish language|Turkish-speaking]] and precariously middle-class.<ref>[[Andrew Mango]] ''Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey'', Overlook Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-58567-334-6, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=ZhvATKOVHcelcN3GoPkL&ct=result&id=nu68vd_AmuYC&dq=Andrew+Mango&q=Turkish+speaking+family+#search_anchor p. 25], p.27ff. – "Feyzullah's family is said to have come from the country near Vodina (now Edhessa in western Greek Macedonia). The surname Sofuzade, meaning 'son of a pious man', suggests that the ancestors of Zübeyde and Ali Rıza had a similar background. Cemil Bozok, son of Salih Bozok, who was a distant cousin of Atatürk and, later, his ADC, claims to have been related to both Ali Rıza's and Zübeyde's families. This would mean that the families of Atatürk's parents were interrelated. Cemil Bozok also notes that his paternal grandfather, Safer Efendi, was of Albanian origin. This may have a bearing on the vexed question of Atatürk's ethnic origin. Atatürk's parents and relatives all used Turkish as their mother tongue. This suggests that some at least of their ancestors had originally come from Turkey, since local Muslims of Albanian and Slav origin who had no ethnic connection with Turkey spoke Albanian, Serbo-Croat or Bulgarian, at least so long as they remained in their native land.'', ''But in looks Ataturk resembled local Albanians and Slavs.[...] But there is no evidence that either Ali Riza or Zübeyde was descended from such Turkish nomads." page 28; "It is much more likely that Atatürk inherited his looks from his Balkan ancestors.[...] But Albanians and Slavs are likely to have figured among his ancestors."</ref> His father Ali Rıza is thought to have been of [[Albanians|Albanian]] origin by some authors;<ref>Mango, Andrew, ''Ataturk: the biography of the founder of modern Turkey'', (Overlook TP, 2002), p. 27.</ref><ref name="books.google.com.tr">Jackh, Ernest, ''The Rising Crescent'', (Goemaere Press, 2007), [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pxs-DAIVxqYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Rising+Crescent&hl=tr&ei=bI7GTNu-J4i8vgPS0dzQDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Turkish%20mother&f=false p. 31, ''Turkish mother and Albanian father'']</ref><ref name="p. 144">Isaac Frederick Marcosson, ''Turbulent Years'', Ayer Publishing, 1969, [https://books.google.com/books?id=399LkTqBLdAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Isaac+Frederick+Marcosson%22&hl=tr&ei=inXGTMnzJYSuvgPPvLTZDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Ali%20Riza&f=false p. 144.]</ref> however, according to many more references as [[Falih Rıfkı Atay]], [[Vamik D. Volkan]], [[Norman Itzkowitz]], Müjgân Cunbur, Numan Kartal and Hasan İzzettin Dinamo, Ali Rıza's ancestors were [[Turkish people|Turks]], ultimately descending from [[Söke]] in the [[Aydın Province]] of [[Anatolia]].<ref name="Çankaya17">Falih Rıfkı Atay, ''Çankaya: Atatürk'ün doğumundan ölümüne kadar'', İstanbul: Betaş, 1984, p. 17. {{tr icon}}</ref><ref>Vamik D. Volkan & Norman Itzkowitz, ''Ölümsüz Atatürk'' (''Immortal Ataturk''), Bağlam Yayınları, 1998, ISBN 975-7696-97-8, p. 37, dipnote no. 6 (Atay, 1980, s. 17)</ref><ref>[[Müjgân Cunbur|Cunbur, Müjgân]]. ''Türk dünyası edebiyatçıları ansiklopedisi, 2. cilt'' (2004), Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Başkanlığı: "Babası Ali Rıza Efendi (doğ. 1839), annesi Zübeyde Hanımdır, baba dedesi Hafız Ahmet Efendi, 14-15. yy.da Anadolu'dan göç ederek Makedonya'ya yerleşen Kocacık Yörüklerindendir."</ref><ref>Kartal, Numan. ''Atatürk ve Kocacık Türkleri'' (2002), T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı: "Aile Selânik'e Manastır ilinin Debrei Bâlâ sancağına bağlı Kocacık bucağından gelmişti. Ali Rıza Efendi'nin doğum yeri olan Kocacık bucağı halkı da Anadolu'dan gitme ve tamamıyla Türk, Müslüman Oğuzların Türkmen boylarındandırlar."</ref><ref>Dinamo, Hasan İzzettin.''Kutsal isyan: Millî Kurtuluş savaşı'nın gerçek hikâyesi, 2. cilt'' (1986), Tekin Yayınevi.</ref><ref>[http://www.whereismacedonia.org/en/where-to-go-in-macedonia/museums-in-macedonia/327-mustafa-kemal-ataturk-memorial-museum-in-village-kodzadzik-in-municipality-centar-zupa Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – memorial museum in village Kodzadzik in Municipality Centar Zupa].</ref> His mother Zübeyde is thought to have been of [[Turkish people|Turkish]] origin<ref name="books.google.com.tr"/><ref name="p. 144"/> and according to [[Şevket Süreyya Aydemir]], she was of [[Yörük]] ancestry.<ref>Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, ''Tek Adam: Mustafa Kemal'', Birinci Cilt (1st vol.): 1881–1919, 14th ed., Remzi Kitabevi, 1997, ISBN 975-14-0212-3, p. 31. {{tr icon}}</ref> Due to the sizeable minority of [[Jews in the Ottoman Empire|Jews]] in Selanik during the Ottoman period, many of Atatürk's [[Islamism|Islamist]] opponents have eagerly claimed that he may have had [[Dönmeh]] ancestors (Jews who converted to [[Islam]] during the Ottoman period).<ref>[[Gershom Scholem]], "Doenmeh", ''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', 2nd ed.; Volume 5: Coh-Doz, Macmillan Reference USA, Thomson Gale, 2007, ISBN 0-02-865933-3, p. 732.</ref> However, his grandparents were not native to Selanik, and his family had moved to this city (the largest metropolis in Ottoman [[Rumelia]] after [[Istanbul]]) in the late 19th century, from other [[provinces of the Ottoman Empire]]. There are also some suggestions about the possibility of his [[Slavs|Slavic]] origin, based on his [[light skin]] [[complexion]], [[blond]] hair and [[Eye color#Blue|blue eyes]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Arnold Blumberg|title=Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers who Made History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nofUu5tvJ18C&pg=PA7|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28751-0|page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=A. Baran Dural|title=His Story: Mustafa Kemal and Turkish Revolution|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TqvvQGHl5CUC&pg=PA2|year=2007|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-85604-6|pages=1–2}}</ref><ref>''Whether, like most Macedonians, he had about him a touch of the hybrid —perhaps of the Slav or Albanian—can only be a matter for surmise. ''Ataturk: a biography of Mustafa Kemal, father of modern Turkey, Baron Patrick Balfour Kinross, Quill/Morrow, 1992, ISBN 0688112838, p. 8.</ref><eod>