<sod>  Propositions are units of meaning. They should not be confused with [[declarative sentence]]s, which are just sets of words in languages; declarative sentences, ontologically speaking, are thus ideas, aproperty of substances (people), rather than a distinct ontological category. For instance, the English declarative sentence "snow is white" refers to the same proposition as the equivalent French declarative sentence "neige est blanc"; two sentences, one proposition. Similarly, one declarative sentence can refer to many propositions; for instance, "I am hungry" changes meaning (i.e. refers to different propositions) depending on the person uttering it.
 
 ===Events===
Events are that which can be said to occur. For instance, if the claim "John went to a ballgame" is true, then we must account for every entity in the sentence. "John" refers to a substance. But what does "went to a ballgame" refer to? It seems wrong to say that "went to a ballgame" is a property that instantiates John, because "went to a ballgame" does not seem to be the same ontological thing as, for instance, redness.
 
 
 Properties, relations, and classes are supposed to be ''[[Abstraction|abstract]],'' rather than ''[[Concrete (philosophy)|concrete]].'' Many philosophers say that properties and relations have an abstract existence, and that physical objects have a concrete existence. That, perhaps, is the [[paradigm case]] of a difference in ways in which items can be said to ''be,'' or to have being.
 <eod> <sod> Propositions are units of meaning. They should not be confused with [[declarative sentence]]s, which are just sets of words in languages; declarative sentences, ontologically speaking, are thus ideas, aproperty of substances (people), rather than a distinct ontological category. For instance, the English declarative sentence "snow is white" refers to the same proposition as the equivalent French declarative sentence "neige est blanc"; two sentences, one proposition. Similarly, one declarative sentence can refer to many propositions; for instance, "I am hungry" changes meaning (i.e. refers to different propositions) depending on the person uttering it.
 
 ===Events===
Events are that which can be said to occur. To illustrate, consider the claim "John went to a ballgame"; if true, then we must ontologically account for every entity in the sentence. "John" refers to a substance. But what does "went to a ballgame" refer to? It seems wrong to say that "went to a ballgame" is a property that instantiates John, because "went to a ballgame" does not seem to be the same ontological king of thing as, for instance, redness. Thus, events arguably deserve their own ontological category.
 
 
 Properties, relations, and classes are supposed to be ''[[Abstraction|abstract]],'' rather than ''[[Concrete (philosophy)|concrete]].'' Many philosophers say that properties and relations have an abstract existence, and that physical objects have a concrete existence. That, perhaps, is the [[paradigm case]] of a difference in ways in which items can be said to ''be,'' or to have being.
 <eod>