<sod>Orchomenus is mentioned by Homer, who gives it the epithet of {{lang|grc|πολύμηλος}},<ref>Homer. ''[[The Iliad]]'', ii. 605.</ref> and it is also called "ferax" by [[Ovid]],<ref>Ovid. ''Metamorphoses'', vi. 416.</ref> and {{lang|grc|ἀφνεός}} by [[Apollonius Rhodius]]<ref>Apollonius Rhodius, iii. 512.</ref> In the [[Persian Wars]], Orchomenus sent 120 men to [[Battle of Thermopylae|Thermopylae]],<ref>Herodotus. ''Histories'', viii. 102.</ref> and 600 to [[Battle of Plataea|Plataea]].<ref>Herodotus. ''Histories'', ix. 28.</ref> In the Peloponnesian War, the Lacedaemonians deposited in Orchomenus the hostages they had taken from the Arcadians; but the walls of the city were then in a dilapidated state; and accordingly, when the [[Athens|Athenians]] and their Peloponnesian allies advanced against the city in [[418&nbsp;BCE]], the Orchomenians dared not offer resistance, and surrendered the hostages.<ref>Thucydides. ''History of the Peloponnesian War'', v. 61.</ref> At the time of the foundation of [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]], we find the Orchomenians exercising supremacy over [[Theisoa, Greece|Theisoa]], Methydrium, and Teuthis; but the inhabitants of these cities were then transferred to Megalopolis, and their territories assigned to the latter.<ref>Pausanias. ''Description of Greece'', viii.27. §4.</ref> The Orchomenians, through their enmity to the Mantineians, refused to join the Arcadian confederacy, and made war upon the Mantineians.<ref>Xen. ''Hell.'' vi. 5. 11, seq.; Diod. xv. 62.</ref> Henceforth, Orchomenus lost its political importance; but, from its commanding situation, its possession was frequently an object of the belligerent powers in later times. In the war between [[Cassander]] and [[Polyperchon]], it fell into the power of the former, 313&nbsp;BC.<ref>Diod. xix. 63.</ref> It subsequently espoused the side of the [[Aetolia]]ns, made an agremeent with the [[Achaean League]] under a ruler named Nearchus around 234 BC,<ref>Michel Austin, [https://books.google.it/books?id=Xebyor4-4KwC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=nearchus+orchomenos+navarch&source=bl&ots=Dd75EsxH6v&sig=dZPlfG_2Tf2mWOj7peFB6MX1kHA&hl=it&sa=X&ei=5UwEVY6mD5X5at3JgoAL&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=nearchus%20orchomenos%20navarch&f=false ''The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest''], 2nd edition, p.145f.</ref> was taken by [[Cleomenes III]] in 229 BC with the aquiescence of the Aetolians,<ref>Polybius, ii. 46.</ref> and was in 223 BC retaken by [[Antigonus Doson]], who placed there a [[Macedon]]ian garrison.<ref>Polybius, ii. 54, iv. 6; Plut. ''Arat.'' 5.</ref> Later, under Roman pressure, it was given back by [[Philip V of Macedon|Philip V]] to the Achaeans.<ref>Liv. xxxii. 5.</ref><eod>
<sod>Orchomenus is mentioned by Homer, who gives it the epithet of {{lang|grc|πολύμηλος}},<ref>Homer. ''[[The Iliad]]'', ii. 605.</ref> and it is also called "ferax" by [[Ovid]],<ref>Ovid. ''Metamorphoses'', vi. 416.</ref> and {{lang|grc|ἀφνεός}} by [[Apollonius Rhodius]]<ref>Apollonius Rhodius, iii. 512.</ref> In the [[Persian Wars]], Orchomenus sent 120 men to [[Battle of Thermopylae|Thermopylae]],<ref>Herodotus. ''Histories'', viii. 102.</ref> and 600 to [[Battle of Plataea|Plataea]].<ref>Herodotus. ''Histories'', ix. 28.</ref> In the Peloponnesian War, the Lacedaemonians deposited in Orchomenus the hostages they had taken from the Arcadians; but the walls of the city were then in a dilapidated state; and accordingly, when the [[Athens|Athenians]] and their Peloponnesian allies advanced against the city in 418&nbsp;BCE, the Orchomenians dared not offer resistance, and surrendered the hostages.<ref>Thucydides. ''History of the Peloponnesian War'', v. 61.</ref> At the time of the foundation of [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]], we find the Orchomenians exercising supremacy over [[Theisoa, Greece|Theisoa]], Methydrium, and Teuthis; but the inhabitants of these cities were then transferred to Megalopolis, and their territories assigned to the latter.<ref>Pausanias. ''Description of Greece'', viii.27. §4.</ref> The Orchomenians, through their enmity to the Mantineians, refused to join the Arcadian confederacy, and made war upon the Mantineians.<ref>Xen. ''Hell.'' vi. 5. 11, seq.; Diod. xv. 62.</ref> Henceforth, Orchomenus lost its political importance; but, from its commanding situation, its possession was frequently an object of the belligerent powers in later times. In the war between [[Cassander]] and [[Polyperchon]], it fell into the power of the former, 313&nbsp;BC.<ref>Diod. xix. 63.</ref> It subsequently espoused the side of the [[Aetolia]]ns, made an agremeent with the [[Achaean League]] under a ruler named Nearchus around 234 BC,<ref>Michel Austin, [https://books.google.it/books?id=Xebyor4-4KwC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=nearchus+orchomenos+navarch&source=bl&ots=Dd75EsxH6v&sig=dZPlfG_2Tf2mWOj7peFB6MX1kHA&hl=it&sa=X&ei=5UwEVY6mD5X5at3JgoAL&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=nearchus%20orchomenos%20navarch&f=false ''The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest''], 2nd edition, p.145f.</ref> was taken by [[Cleomenes III]] in 229 BC with the aquiescence of the Aetolians,<ref>Polybius, ii. 46.</ref> and was in 223 BC retaken by [[Antigonus Doson]], who placed there a [[Macedon]]ian garrison.<ref>Polybius, ii. 54, iv. 6; Plut. ''Arat.'' 5.</ref> Later, under Roman pressure, it was given back by [[Philip V of Macedon|Philip V]] to the Achaeans.<ref>Liv. xxxii. 5.</ref><eod>