<sod>| [[Mughal Empire]] || 5,000,000 || 1700 CE || Peter Turchin etal.<ref name="Lieberman_2009">Victor Lieberman" [http://empires.findthedata.com/q/22/2513/How-large-was-the-Gupta-Empire-at-its-greatest-extent]", Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800-1830. Volume 2: Mainland Mirrors: Europe, Japan, China, South Asia, and the Islands, pp. 111 (2009).<eod>
<sod>| [[Mughal Empire]] || 4,000,000 || 1690 CE || Peter Turchin etal.<ref name="Peter_2006"/><eod>