<sod>The '''utopia''' and its derivative, the '''dystopia''', are '''genres of literature''' that explore social and political structures.  '''Utopian fiction''' portrays a setting that agrees with the author's ethos and is portrayed as having various attributes that readers often find to be characteristic of that which they would like to implement in reality, or [[utopia]], as the setting for a novel. '''Dystopian fiction'''–commonly referred to as dystopic fiction–(sometimes combined with, but distinct from [[apocalyptic literature]]) is the opposite: the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author's ethos and is portrayed as having various attributes that readers often find to be characteristic of that which they would like to avoid in reality, or [[dystopia]].<ref name="Apocalyptic Literature">{{cite journal|title=Apocalyptic Literature|journal=Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd|year=1993}}</ref> Many novels combine both, often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take in its choices, ending up with one of two possible futures. Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in [[science fiction]] and other [[speculative fiction]] genres, and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction.<eod>
<sod>The '''[[utopia]]''' and its derivative, the '''[[dystopia]]''', are '''genres of literature''' that explore social and political structures.  '''Utopian fiction''' portrays a setting that agrees with the author's ethos, having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers. '''Dystopian (or dystopic) fiction'''(sometimes combined with, but distinct from [[apocalyptic literature]]) is the opposite: the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author's ethos.<ref name="Apocalyptic Literature">{{cite journal|title=Apocalyptic Literature|journal=Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd|year=1993}}</ref> Many novels combine both, often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take, depending on its choices, ending up with one of two possible futures. Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in [[science fiction]] and other [[speculative fiction]] genres, and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction.<eod>