<sod>On most commons in England and Wales, rights of [[pasture]] and [[pannage]] for each commoner are tightly defined by number and type of animal, and by the time of year when certain rights could be exercised.  For example, the occupier of a particular cottage might be allowed to graze fifteen [[cattle]], four [[horse]]s, [[pony|ponies]] or [[donkey]]s, and fifty [[geese]], whilst the numbers allowed for their neighbours would probably be different.  On some commons (such as the [[New Forest]] and adjoining commons), the rights are not limited by numbers, and instead a ''marking fee'' is paid each year for each animal ''turned out''.<ref>[http://www.verderers.org.uk/rights.html Forest rights].</ref> However, if excessive use was made of the common, for example, in overgrazing, a common would be ''stinted'',<ref>{{cite journal |author=Susan Jane Buck Cox |title=No tragedy on the Commons |journal=Environmental Ethics |volume=7 |year=1985 pages=49–62 |url=http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/3113/buck_NoTragedy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> that is, a limit would be put on the number of animals each commoner was allowed to graze. These regulations were responsive to demographic and economic pressure. Thus rather than let a common become degraded, access was restricted even further.<eod>
<sod>On most commons in England and Wales, rights of [[pasture]] and [[pannage]] for each commoner are tightly defined by number and type of animal, and by the time of year when certain rights could be exercised.  For example, the occupier of a particular cottage might be allowed to graze fifteen [[cattle]], four [[horse]]s, [[pony|ponies]] or [[donkey]]s, and fifty [[geese]], whilst the numbers allowed for their neighbours would probably be different.  On some commons (such as the [[New Forest]] and adjoining commons), the rights are not limited by numbers, and instead a ''marking fee'' is paid each year for each animal ''turned out''.<ref>[http://www.verderers.org.uk/rights.html Forest rights].</ref> However, if excessive use was made of the common, for example, in overgrazing, a common would be ''stinted'',<ref>{{cite journal |author=Susan Jane Buck Cox |title=No tragedy on the Commons |journal=Environmental Ethics |volume=7 |year=1985 |pages=49–62 |url=http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/3113/buck_NoTragedy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> that is, a limit would be put on the number of animals each commoner was allowed to graze. These regulations were responsive to demographic and economic pressure. Thus rather than let a common become degraded, access was restricted even further.<eod>