<sod>The [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]] [[Jacques Lacan]] (1901–1981) and the philosopher [[Emmanuel Lévinas]] (1906–1995) established the contemporary definitions, usages, and applications of the Other, as the radical counterpart of the Self. Lacan associated the Other with [[The Symbolic|the symbolic order]] and language. In ''The Infinite Other'', Lévinas associated the Other with the supernatural deity of [[scripture]] and [[tradition]], thus, ethically, the Other is superior and prior-to the Self. Moreover, the concept of the [[face-to-face]] encounter (wherein a person is responsible to the Other person) was re-formulated to assume the propositions of [[Jacques Derrida]] (1930–2004) about the impossibility of the Other being a [[metaphysics of presence|metaphysical pure-presence]], that the Other could be an entity of pure [[alterity]] (Otherness) from which arises the matter of the [[Representation (arts)|representation]] of an other human being, by way of language. The conceptual re-formulating of the nature of the Other included Lévinas’s analysis of the distinction between “[[the saying and the said]]”, whilst retaining the priority of [[ethics]] over [[metaphysics]].<eod>
<sod>The [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]] [[Jacques Lacan]] (1901–1981) and the Ethical philosopher [[Emmanuel Lévinas]] (1906–1995) established the contemporary definitions, usages, and applications of the Other, as the radical counterpart of the Self. Lacan associated the Other with language and with [[The Symbolic|the symbolic order]] of things. Lévinas associated the Other with the ethical metaphysics of the supernatural deity of [[scripture]] and [[tradition]]; the ethical proposition is that the Other is superior and prior to the Self.<eod>