['< sod > the\'\'\'scientific opinion on climate change\'\'\'concepts is the overall judgment among scientists regarding the extent to which [ [ global warming ] ] is occurring, its causes, and its probable consequences. this scientific opinion is expressed in [ [ systematic review | synthesis reports ] ], by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their [ [ peer review | peer - reviewed ] ] [ [ scientific journal | publications ] ], and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these respected reports together and their surveys. < ref short name = " oreskes _ consensus " / > < eod > < sod > the\'\'\'scientific opinion on climate change\'\'\'concept is the overall judgment among scientists regarding the extent to which [ [ global warming ] ] is occurring, its causes, and its probable consequences. this scientific opinion is expressed in [ [ systematic review | synthesis reports ] ], conducted by scientific bodies of national or an international standing, and and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their [ [ peer review | online peer - reviewed ] ] [ [ scientific journal | publications ] ], and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these respected published reports and surveys. < ref name = " oreskes _ consensus " / > this supposed consensus is based on a 5 % response rate to a two question online - survey. < eod >']