Cartographic assessment of soil diversity in Russia
Approaches used to assess the diversity of soils in Russia as well as algorithms of quantitative assessment of the differentiation of soil bodies and soil mantles are described. To assess soil diversity (or the degree of differentiation of materials from parent rocks into soil bodies and soil covers) two indices were introduced: index of vertical differentiation - Ird ; index of spatial lateral differentiation - Ild ( red ). These indices were computed according to the structure of the soil cover on the Soil Map of the Russian Federation on a scale of 1 : 2.5 M within the spatial framework of the Map of Soil-Ecological Zoning of the Russian Federation on a scale of 1 : 2.5 M. The most complex soil cover and soil profiles on plains were found for the zones of Soddy-podzolic soils (Umbric Albeluvisols/Umbric Podzols[3] ) of southern taiga and Grey forest soils (Albic Luvisols/Luvic Greyic Phaeozems) of deciduous forests (they locate on the boundary of Boreal and Subboreal geographic belts and are characterized by wide spreading of dynamic-mature soils), as well as in mountains - for soil provinces in the Caucasus.