EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY AND FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION SYNDROME (literature review)
The article presents data from a study of placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation syndrome. The research purpose is to analyze various variants of experimental modeling of placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation syndrome in animals. It is known that a comprehensive study of the placenta, including a variety of research methods, is possible only after childbirth or termination of pregnancy. Results and its discussion. Analysis of the human placenta in vivo causes certain difficulties, since functional research methods do not provide complete information about the morphology and functional characteristics of the placenta, and invasive techniques performed during pregnancy can cause various complications. For a deeper study of the causes of the formation of placental insufficiency, experimental modeling of placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation syndrome in animals is of scientific and clinical interest. Analysis of the literature data showed that there are different patterns of placental changes associated with human pregnancy and animal models of placental insufficiency induced by fetal growth retardation syndrome. Of great importance is the nature, causes of the development of the syndrome, the time, duration and severity of circulatory disorders in the placenta, as well as the type and results of in vivo or in vitro studies. But not a single animal model system can fully copy placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth retardation of a human fetus. Conclusion. The obtained results of the study of animal model systems make it possible to thoroughly analyze all aspects of the problem for a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation syndrome, which in turn will make a certain contribution to the development of new methods of prevention and treatment of this pathology.