THE ROLE OF WATER RESERVOIRS OF THE TRANS-URALS AND THEIR USAGE IN THE FIELDS OF INDUSTRIAL SPHERE
The article deals with the potential of lakes and reservoirs of the Bashkir Trans-Urals for national economic use. The potential of lakes and reservoirs is analyzed on the basis of our long-term research. The chemical composition of water reservoirs (hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium,calcium-magnesium-sodium,magnesium-sodium composition,salinity from 0.20 to 0.87 g/dm3, pH 7.2...8.6) for drinking water and irrigation water supply was estimated. Mineral muds of some lakes along with unique mineral waters are great reserves for the expansion of spa balneotherapy for the Trans-Urals population. Reservoirs play an important role in solving the problems of agricultural water supply. Their volume ranges from 1.0...2.0 to 30...50 million m3. Trans-Urals region is poorly provided with hydropower resources (1.5...2 dm3/s km2). Small hydropower plants were constructed on watersheds of Sakmarskoe, TanalykskoeAkyarskoe reservoirs. Water intakes of infiltration type were created in downstream of reservoirs. Bashkir Trans-Ural region has a large land fund for the development of irrigation agriculture. Irrigation agriculture is largely based on the resources of the waters of lakes and reservoirs because of small and uneven distribution of freshwater resources in the course of the year. Trans-Urals water bodies have a high potential for the development of fisheries on an industrial basis. Potential productivity of lakes and reservoirs in the region is estimated to 3000 centners per year. Bashkir Trans-Ural region also has significant recreational resources.