ENERGY AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF THE PROCESS OF DIVIDING GRAIN INTO PARTS IN A HORIZONTAL ROTARY CRUSHER
The grain grinding machines provide the required grain size distribution and reveal the nutrients contained in them. At the same time, the shape and location of the working bodies determine the method of separating the initial grain material into parts, which significantly affects the energy consumption of the grinding process. Impact, abrasive and compressive effects on the original caryopses have proven themselves well in flour milling (mills), where it is necessary to obtain fine grinding (particles less than 1 mm), but at the same time, for example, hammer crushers cannot provide the proper quality of the finished product with an average grinding modulus (particles from 1 to 2 mm). To compare the theoretical values with the actual ones, we carried out an experiment on crushing caryopses in an experimental horizontal rotary crusher and on an installation for cutting caryopses. The quality of the process was assessed by the indicator of the actual efficiency of grinding Фри. In the study of the separation into parts of a single caryopsis, it was determined that the resulting «shear-shearing» force F Р is compensated by the shear force F ср, the inertia force F и and the friction force F тр.з from the grain, and the force F ср is up to 99% of F Р. The theoretically calculated value of F Р=81.6 N coincides with the known data, which is in the range of 20...90 N. It has been established that during «shearing-shearing», especially in dynamics, there is a shock load, which contributes to the separation of the seed into 3 or more parts, and with a static cut, it is usually divided into 2 parts. Based on the results of the tests carried out when grinding wheat, it is possible to take the circumferential speed of the rotor vр ≈5 m/s, when the specific energy consumption of the process is N уд≈1.5 W·h/kg, and the actual efficiency of grinding wheat Фри=57.5, that is, the evenness of the particle size distribution the finished product is up to 98%.