Building an innovative country is a clear strategy for my country to promote economic, industrial, and social development. Mastering the status quo and late-comer advantages of technological innovation in my country’s provinces is an important prerequisite for accurately positioning the innovation mission of each province. This article innovatively uses innovation concentration and innovation potential to measure and analyze the provincial scientific and technological innovation level at the inventory and incremental level. Taking the cross-sectional data of 31 provinces in my country in 2019 as a sample, construct the provincial "innovation potential-innovation concentration" evaluation The index system, through the entropy weight method, determines the weight of each evaluation index, and uses the TOPSIS method to conduct multi-objective evaluation of each province. According to the calculation results of provincial scientific and technological innovation concentration and innovation potential, an in-depth interpretation of the spatial distribution of my country’s provincial scientific and technological innovation echelon is carried out. The study found that: the innovation concentration and innovation potential matrix echelon division of my country’s provinces is divided into four echelons, namely high innovation. The echelon of drivers with high concentration and high innovation potential, the echelon of followers with high innovation concentration and low innovation potential, the echelon of dark horses with low innovation concentration and high innovation potential, and the echelon of latecomers with low innovation concentration and low innovation potential. Finally, the positioning strategy of the innovation mission of each echelon province is put forward to provide reference and enlightenment for the construction of innovative provinces and the promotion of a scientific and technological power. Affected by the impact of the epidemic situation and the counter current of anti-globalization, the international economic environment is becoming increasingly complex, and the domestic innovation chain and industrial chain are also facing great challenges. General Secretary Xi Jin-ping stressed that our country should focus on building a new development pattern with "domestic circulation as the main body and domestic and international double circulation and mutual promotion". The "double cycle" development mode is a road of high quality development under the background of the "two big bureaus" of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the great change of the world’s hundred years. It is of great strategic and epochal significance”The new development pattern of "double circulation" puts forward new requirements for China’s scientific and technological innovation, that is, we should regard the ability of scientific and technological originality as the power source of the birth of new technology, new economy and new business forms, and make it a powerful hand to optimize the production, distribution, circulation, consumption and other links, so as to fully guarantee the overall national security while promoting the economic and industrial transformation and development. Scientific and technological innovation enables industrial upgrading, which is conducive to the healthy development of new formats and new economy, promotes the rapid transformation of regional economy, and effectively solves the practical problems such as inadequate and unbalanced economic and social development. In the process of constructing science and technology innovation ecosystem, the objective endowment of innovation conditions plays a key role in the selection of development path, which is mainly divided into the innovation concentration of stock type conditions and the innovation potential of incremental type conditions. In terms of promoting regional economic development and accelerating domestic circulation, the innovation mission, as a navigation mark for the development of each province, is related to the planning matters such as the outline of innovation blueprint and the locking of innovation focus. Therefore, in-depth measurement of the concentration and potential of scientific and technological innovation in China’s provinces and accurate positioning of the innovation mission of each province have become an important topic in the academic circle.The theoretical root of innovation concentration is the "structural hole theory" proposed by Ronald Burt 1992). He believes that in social networks, there is a state of discontinuity or no direct connection between individuals and the third party connecting the two has control and information advantages, which brings opportunities for improving social network concentration. The formal proposal of innovation concentration comes from a discussion on Zhou Qiren’s 992. He b focuses Academic research on innovation potential is mainly divided into the following aspects. One is to calculate the innovation potential. Wenke et al.  calculatAccording to the traditional economic theory, scientific and technological innovation is usually regarded as an exogenous variable of social economic model, and the government plays the role of market failure repairer. When scientific and technological innovation becomes the main power source of social economic cycle, innovation Mission Branch has obvious positive effects in stimulating market vitality, adjusting industrial structure, circulating social resources, and gathering innovative talents. Academic research on innovation mission is mainly reflected in the following categories: first, research on the importance of innovation mission. For example, Zhang Xuewen and others  point ouInnovation ability can reflect the ability of a city (region or country) to continuously nurture new global academic ideas, scientific discoveries, new technological inventions, and new industrial directions. It divides innovation capabilities into different dimensions, and analyzes the integration and transformation of different dimensions. Further landing the ability of innovation strategy, and then combining concepts and practices, can more efficiently promote innovation-driven development. The innovation ability pointed out in this article is a concept related to ability and motivation. It is not only the foundation and ability of the original innovation, but also the force that drives the development of innovation. It is a combination of the two meanings of innovation origin and innovation planning. Its function includes resource convergence, research and development. Four aspects: creation, achievement transformation and future leadership. Scientific research institutions are one of the main forces of original innovation in basic research and high-tech fields. Improving their original innovation capabilities is an inevitable requirement for enhancing the country’s self-help innovation capabilities and building an innovative country. Combining the country as an innovation entity, through the integration of the country’s existing innovation resources, improving the efficiency of scientific research personnel’s innovation output, adding innovation results on the basis of the existing stock, and carrying out industry-university-research integration conversion, can better integrate the innovation strategy capabilities Turn the intangible into tangible, and promote the organic flow of scientific and technological innovation elements. Therefore, this research divides the outstanding national capabilities into: the inventory dimension (innovation concentration), the incremental dimension , and the mission dimension (leading the development of the industry).Based on the above analysis, this study divides China’s technological innovation into three dimensions: the stock dimension, the incremental dimension, and the efficiency dimension. According to the actual force, late force and effective force to promote the development of innovation ability, it will give full play to its role to form China’s scientific and technological innovation highland. However, there are different mechanisms of action within the three dimensions that coordinate with each other to promote development. According to the actual performance of innovation ability, we divide it into: innovation concentration, innovation potential and innovation mission. It is of great significance to explore the internal circulation mechanism of the resolution of various dimensions, and promote the high coordination and cooperation of the national science and technology innovation internal departments, organizational structure design, organizational policy implementation, and soft and hard environments, and provide ideas for the development of national innovation capabilities.The mechanism of the actual force in the stock dimensionThe concentration of innovation is a quantitative expression of the atmosphere of the innovation environment, reflecting the country’s investment in innovation. A high-density innovation atmosphere will enhance the enthusiasm of personnel, increase creativity and the acumen of grasping the frontiers of innovation. Being in an atmosphere of high innovation concentration will stimulate a high degree of integration of existing stocks to burst out stronger realism. The dimension of the national innovation stock reflects the country’s existing heritage. The national scientific research department has a large number of high-quality innovative talents equipped with a rich software and hardware environment, and the practical power of innovation capabilities is fully reflected. The improvement of practical power is conducive to the formation of an innovative environment with a good atmosphere. The continuous optimization of the innovation environment further enhances the concentration of innovation. The increase of the concentration of innovation interprets the effect of reality, and finally forms: a relatively closed loop of innovation concentration—realistic power—good atmosphere.The mechanism of late force in the incremental dimensionInnovation potential, as the name suggests, is the unutilized force of the country in enhancing its innovation capability in the future, and it is an important factor in achieving the improvement of the country’s innovation capability. The size of innovation potential directly determines the size of the increment of innovation capability, is an important driving force for the incremental dimension, and is also an important expression of the country’s subsequent efforts. In the process of improving the innovation capability, the improvement of late force is conducive to the formation of promising innovation expectations, and the continuous optimization of innovation expectations further enhances the innovation potential, and finally forms a relatively closed loop, which interprets the effect of late force, and finally forms: Innovative potential—latency—good prospects are relatively closed loop.The mechanism of effective force in the effectiveness dimensionThe mission of innovation is to measure the efficient conversion of innovation increments into stocks. High-efficiency conversion capabilities can more effectively convert increments into stocks, avoiding innovation redundancy and waste. In the dimension of innovation efficiency, the improvement of effective power is conducive to promoting the formation of high-quality innovation results, and the continuous optimization of innovation results further enhances the innovation mission, and finally forms a relatively closed loop.Literature review shows that the measurement of the level of scientific and technological innovation is usually limited to the stock index or incremental index, and few studies integrate two perspectives. These two perspectives are actually different dimensions of the evaluation of the level of regional scientific and technological innovation, which cannot be roughly confused. This paper innovatively uses innovation concentration and innovation potential to measure the stock and incremental level of provincial science and technology innovation level. Innovation concentration and innovation potential measure the level of regional scientific and technological innovation from the static and dynamic perspectives respectively, while innovation mission reveals the direction of regional innovation development. The dynamic and static of the three are combined, and the subjective and objective are unified. Under the new development pattern of "double cycle", it is of great significance to accurately measure the concentration and potential of provincial scientific and technological innovation, and define the provincial innovation mission accordingly, so as to stimulate the subjective initiative of innovation and development of innovation subjects in each chain within the jurisdiction and create an organic collaborative innovation ecosystem.Science and technology innovation is complex system engineering. In the process of dynamic collaboration of many innovation subjects, all kinds of innovation objectives interact and influence each other. Therefore, in order to objectively and comprehensively measure the development level of provincial science and technology innovation, this paper uses Entropy TOPSIS method to determine the index weight in the evaluation index system of provincial innovation potential innovation concentration, and carries out multi-objective evaluation of each province’s science and technology innovation level through TOPSIS method. According to the evaluation results, each province is divided into four echelons, namely high innovation concentration, high innovation concentration and high innovation concentration High innovation potential driver echelon, high innovation concentration and low innovation potential follower echelon, low innovation concentration and high innovation potential dark horse echelon and low innovation concentration and low innovation potential latecomer echelon. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of provincial innovation concentration and innovation potential, fully consider the characteristics of the new development pattern of "double cycle", more clearly describe the regional development path, and lead the innovation development with innovation mission, so as to inject new vitality into industrial upgrading and economic cycle.Since 1900, the research on regional innovation system has been increasing. Among them, Cooke  has madeThe basic structure of China’s regional innovation system is affected by history, culture, economy, resources and other factors, showing more differences and characteristics in regional distribution. At the same time, under the background of "double cycle", the openness and innovation of China’s economic development and industrial upgrading are increasing day by day. However, there are many problems in different provinces, such as industrial foundation, scientific and technological level and development speed the transformation efficiency is quite different. Therefore, the evaluation of provincial science and technology innovation level from the stock dimension (innovation concentration) and incremental dimension  of science and technology resources is helpful to fully grasp the current situation and late development advantages of China’s Provincial Science and technology innovation, and provide an important reference for the accurate positioning of the innovation mission of each province.This paper regards innovation concentration and innovation potential as two main aspects to measure the development level of provincial science and technology innovation, constructs a two-dimensional evaluation space of provincial science and technology innovation, and comprehensively evaluates the stock and incremental characteristics of provincial science and technology innovation. When constructing the corresponding evaluation index system, this paper comprehensively considers the following three factors: first, it emphasizes the multi-agent structure in the innovation system, that is, it emphasizes the interactive relationship of innovation subjects in the innovation ecology, such as universities, scientific research institutions, enterprises, governments, and intermediaries; The second is to emphasize the construction of provincial science and technology innovation chain, focusing on the generation, circulation and transformation of innovation elements in the innovation chain. The ability of innovation generation is reflected in the original innovation ability of universities and scientific research institutions, and the integration ability of innovation circulation is reflected in the ability of knowledge flow and technology transfer, The application ability of innovation transformation is shown in the ability of enterprises to transform technological innovation into market application; The third is to emphasize the interaction between innovation chain and industrial chain. Industrial chain creates a macro level social and economic environment for innovation chain, and provides a micro level industrial incubation capacity. Innovation chain feeds back on regional industrial chain in the form of economic benefits and employment growth. Under the guidance of the above principles, the evaluation index of innovation concentration selected in this paper is shown in The above six categories of indicators correspond to each endogenous link of the innovation chain  and the exogenous link formed by interaction with the industrial chain , as shown in When using TOPSIS method for multi-objective evaluation, determining the weight of evaluation index has a great influence on the final evaluation result. In order to reduce the subjective interference in the process of confirming the right, this paper uses the entropy weight method to determine the index weight in the process of TOPSIS evaluation, and uses the entropy weight TOPSIS method to calculate the innovation concentration and innovation potential of each province.Entropy weight method belongs to the objective weighting method, which obtains the index weight with the help of information entropy. The information entropy of an indicator reflects the degree of variation of the indicator, which in turn reflects the amount of information contained in a given indicator. If the variation degree of the index is small, the information entropy is large, which will have a small impact in the evaluation process, so the weight is small. On the contrary, the weight is larger. The weights determined by the entropy weighting method are generated from the data of each indicator and are objective and unique, avoiding the influence of subjective factors in the evaluation process.Suppose that the original data of the second evaluation index in the second province is represented, then the steps of entropy weight method are as follows:①Standardize the data:②i province under the j indicator pij:Calculate the characteristic proportion of the ③ej:Computing information entropy ④wj.Calculate the weight of evaluation index After standardisation to remove the effect of the scale, the greater the degree of variation in the data contained in a given indicator, the greater the significance of that indicator in influencing the final result. The positive and negative ideal solutions in TOPSIS are the best and worst values of each indicator, respectively. Indicators with a large degree of variation will obviously have a greater impact when calculating the distance between a given solution and the ideal solution, and it is therefore necessary to assign a higher weight to them.In the process of evaluating the innovation potential and innovation concentration of each province, the degree of variation of each evaluation index has a high explanatory validity for the contribution of each province to innovation, and can reflect the comparative advantage of each province in different dimensions of innovation. Therefore, this paper uses the entropy weighting method to assign weights to the corresponding indicator systems of innovation potential and innovation concentration in each province, so as to provide a basis for the next comprehensive evaluation of TOPSIS. The specific information entropy and weighting calculation results are shown in Tables This paper selects TOPSIS method to comprehensively measure the innovation concentration and innovation potential of each province. TOPSIS method calculates the Euclidean distance of each evaluation object and two solutions on the basis of calculating the positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution of each evaluation index, and calculates the closeness degree between them and the positive ideal solution, and takes this as the basis of evaluation.The steps of TOPSIS are as follows:①Z is constructed:The reverse index is forward processed, and the vector normalization matrix ②The positive and negative ideal solutions corresponding to each evaluation index are determined.j in the normalized matrix respectively, then:The positive ideal solution is:The solution of negative ideal is:③The Euclidean distances from provinces to positive and negative ideal solutions are calculated:wj is the weight of the j evaluation index, and the weight of each index is confirmed according to the entropy weight method.Among them ④Calculate the closeness of the comprehensive results of each province to the positive ideal solution:Si ≤ 1, The closer to 1 for Si, the better the performance of the evaluation object.0 ≤ The positive ideal solution, negative ideal solution, closeness degree and corresponding ranking of scientific and technological innovation concentration and innovation potential of each province calculated by TOPSIS method are shown in Tables The Pearson correlation coefficient is -0.249, and the significance level is 0.088. It shows that there is no significant linear correlation between the provincial innovation level in the stock dimension and the incremental dimension. It is necessary to carry out two independent dimensions of research.Therefore, combined with the results of Entropy TOPSIS, this paper takes the innovation concentration and innovation potential of each province as the coordinate axis, draws the scatter diagram according to the closeness degree, and divides the plane into four quadrants according to the average value of each province in the two dimensions, and the distribution result is roughly L-shaped. Because the data points are too dense, in order to facilitate observation, this paper takes the logarithm of the closeness degree and redraws the scatter diagram, as shown in The high concentration high potential quadrant includes Hainan, Guangdong and Chongqing; The high concentration low potential quadrant includes Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang; The low concentration high potential quadrant includes Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Guizhou, Ningxia, Yunnan, Jiangxi and Jilin; The other provinces belong to the low concentration low potential quadrant.In order to verify the stability of the results of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, this paper adjusts the weights of each indicator through the hierarchical analysis method and compares the differences in results with the entropy-weighted TOPSIS. The hierarchical analysis method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative decision analysis method, by judging the relative importance of each measurement indicator, and then obtain the weight of each indicator in the decision scheme. entropy weight method is a data-based weighting method, while the hierarchical analysis method is an empirical weighting method. The main steps are as follows:Construction of indicator pairwise comparison matrixA = [aij]m×m. Where there are m evaluation indicators and aij denotes the relative importance of indicator i and indicator j, e.g. aij = 1/3 denotes the relative importance of indicator i and indicator j as 1:3. Each element aij > 0 and aij = 1/aij of the pairwise comparison matrix A.Since qualitative weighting is not immune to bias, Santy et al. propose the use of the consistency matrix method to construct a pairwise comparison matrix Calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrixThe pairwise comparison matrix is first column normalized, i.e. each element is divided by the sum of the elements in the current column.The normalized matrix is summed by row to obtain the eigenvectors for each row.The feature vectors are normalized by column to obtain the indicator weights.A″ matrix.Each column of the pairwise comparison matrix is multiplied by the element in the corresponding position in the indicator weights to obtain the A″ by rows to obtain the matrix A‴.Summing the matrix A‴ and sum over all elements to obtain the eigenvalues.Normalize CI is defined as CI = (λ − m)/(m − 1). CI → 0 indicates that the better the consistency, i.e. the pairwise comparison matrix is well constructed. Consistency ratios CR = CI/RI, CI are consistency indicators and RI is a random consistency indicator. If CI < 0 then the degree of inconsistency of the matrix is within tolerance and its eigenvector can be used as the weight vector.Consistency indicator The distribution of innovation potential-innovation concentration obtained by the multi-objective evaluation of TOPSIS method after the assignment of weights through hierarchical analysis is shown in The driver echelon has high-quality innovation capital, followed by the black horse, laggard echelon provinces decreased in turn, the continuous accumulation of high-quality capital in the province will cause a lower rate of return on capital, prompting high-quality capital to overflow to the relatively capital deficient provinces, which can improve its rate of return again. Therefore, clarifying the short, medium and long-term innovation mission of each echelon Province, efficiently integrating the technology chain, talent chain and industry chain of each echelon Province, and promoting the innovation capital to flow from the driver echelon to the low-level echelon will help to solve the practical problems of uneven and insufficient economic, industrial and social development in China.One belt, one road, the other is Guangdong, Hainan and Chongqing. Guangdong is benefited from the double blessing of the construction of the big bay area and the Pearl River Delta economic belt. The free trade port construction brings Hainan development dividends, Chongqing is in the "one belt" and the Yangtze River economic belt, and it also takes the strategic dividend of western development. It is worth noting that after being diluted by the third and fourth tier cities in Guangdong, the innovation concentration in Guangdong is lower than that in Beijing, Shanghai and other regions. The future development of Hainan is promising, and there is still a large space for talent introduction, but the industrial foundation is weak and single, and the effect of policy implementation needs to be improved. Although Chongqing is in the driver echelon, its innovation potential is close to the boundary of the quadrant. As the innovation engine, the driver echelon needs to strengthen the basic innovation ability, limit breakthrough ability, format derivation ability and other innovation ability to further enhance the leading role.Strengthen the ability of basic research and become the source of original innovation. Original innovation is a necessary condition for the driver echelon to maintain its innovation vitality. At present, the main body of scientific and technological innovation of the driver echelon is mainly enterprises, and the universities and scientific research institutions focusing on basic research are relatively weak. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the construction of a number of first-class scientific and technological basic research centers, continue to promote the construction of high-level research universities, and develop emerging disciplines and interdisciplinary disciplines through multiple paths, Strive to achieve in-depth cooperation with science and technology enterprises, and promote the rapid landing of innovative ideas through a complete innovation chain.Closely around the national innovation Bottleneck Breakthrough and key technology research, to provide more space and help. We should make great efforts to "create classics" and "break through the limit", avoid the accumulation of wealth with the help of capital advantages in a single dimension, and transfer the tasks of technology dimensionality reduction, industrial transfer, talent return and digital empowerment to low-level echelon provinces in a planned way, Explain the innovation mission of the driver echelon.We should actively build an innovative industrial ecology and create a new format of multi-agent linkage innovation. The innovation mission of the driver echelon is difficult to be realized by the innovation subject within the jurisdiction. The continuous blessing of policies, innovation atmosphere, residents’ innovation literacy and various public resources can not be ignored. We should promote the efficient circulation and deep integration of various innovative elements in the innovation chain, promote the upgrading of "creativity" to "creation", continuously improve the industrial competitiveness, radiation driving force and business form derivative force, and always maintain the benign resonance between the innovation chain and the industrial chain.The following echelon includes four municipalities directly under the central government of our country, as well as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shaanxi, which are strong provinces in the East and West. The following echelon has a high level of urbanization, a significant location advantage, abundant higher education resources, solid scientific research foundation, and good internal and external stock innovation conditions. But at the same time, these regions are facing three kinds of bottlenecks: first, the economic volume is too large, which leads to the path dependence of transformation and upgrading, and can release production capacity to adjust the innovation structure. Second, the innovation resources are concentrated but the circulation is blocked, and the innovation potential energy is enriched but the transformation degree needs to be improved. Third, as the convergence point of domestic and international circulation, the economic benefits brought by market opening are large, but the innovation benefits are insufficient, and there is external dependence. In view of the above problems, suggestions are as follows.Improve the innovation radiation ability and become the innovation growth pole. Promote the diffusion of mature industries to the surrounding provinces, optimize their own industrial structure, and cultivate new innovation power points. We should not only pay attention to the division of industrial structure in the province, but also pay attention to the coordination of industrial system in the region, strive to turn from passive attraction to active guidance in the process of innovation elements aggregation, open up the innovation sharing channels with surrounding provinces, change the polarized one-way flow of resources into a win-win two-way interchange, and realize a wider range of economic cycle.We should improve the circulation and transformation rate of scientific research achievements, and build collaborative innovation ecology of industry, University, research, government and application. It is necessary to improve the intellectual property protection system, scientific research incentive mechanism and technology trading market rules, open up the blocking points for the circulation of talents, information, technology, capital and other innovation elements, effectively coordinate the exchange of scientific and technological achievements among various innovation subjects, continuously optimize the allocation of innovation resources, avoid the accumulation and waste of innovation resources, and improve the smoothness of innovation chain with the help of innovation achievements transformation, Form a virtuous circle pattern of innovation chain and industrial chain.We should improve the quality of urban opening up, fully integrate into the "double cycle", and pay attention to the technology spillover effect and learning effect brought by foreign direct investment and import and export trade”The new development pattern of "double circulation" needs high-quality opening to the outside world, improving the ability of independent innovation in the process of attracting foreign investment and introducing advanced technology and equipment, transforming the economic dividend brought by foreign trade into technical dividend, and finally into innovation dividend, so as to realize the double promotion of core scientific and technological competitiveness and independent innovation ability.The innovation foundation of black horse echelon is relatively weak, but the innovation growth rate is very prominent. This echelon province has similar structural problems: first, the scientific research strength is weak, and there is a lack of compound innovative talents. The second is the lack of supporting incubation capacity, and the innovation ecosystem needs to be improved. Third, the proportion of traditional industries is relatively high, and industries are concentrated in resource intensive areas, such as metal smelting, fine chemical industry, etc. However, in recent years, under the guidance of the national strategy, the development space, business environment and policy dividend of the black horse echelon have changed significantly, and the growth momentum has gradually emerged. In view of the above problems, suggestions are as follows.Based on the province’s own comparative advantages and innate endowment, the development path of differentiated innovation is planned. With the help of the implementation of national major scientific research projects, the construction of regional scientific and technological innovation chain will be promoted. For example, Gansu Province will take some military civilian integration industries as the prying point, introduce and build high-tech enterprises and scientific research institutions, and Guizhou will develop big data industry in combination with its own geographical advantages. On this basis, relying on the policy channel to build perfect supporting facilities, to promote the innovation growth power, to enable the local industrial economy, and to make use of the social multiple forces to deposit the innovation potential into the innovation strength.Through the innovation growth path, build intelligent and comprehensive innovation demonstration Industrial Park. One belt, one road, is also being developed to attract talents in the field. We should build a multi domain, large integration, and strong innovation ecosystem, accelerate the construction of platforms for creating public spaces, incubators and accelerators, and gradually improve the logistics, finance and consulting services.Adhere to the concept of ecological innovation and give consideration to the development of industrial economy and the construction of ecological civilization. We will promote the digital transformation of manufacturing industry and the upgrading of producer services, and transform resource intensive enterprises into technology intensive enterprises. One belt, one road, and the other, along the line of heavy industry, will be strictly controlled. The energy conservation and environmental protection standards must be controlled and the innovation and upgrading of the science and technology industry will be realized under the guidance of the "two mountain theory".Most of China’s northern and central provinces are in the latecomer echelon, and they are at a relative disadvantage in the aggregation process of innovation elements. There are three reasons: first, the layout of innovation system is scattered, and there is a lack of deep integration. Second, there is a lack of core support projects, and it is urgent to form a breakthrough innovation pole. Third, the level of regional coordination is not good, and the degree of urban integration needs to be improved. In order to improve the utilization rate of existing innovation resources and promote the leapfrog development of latecomer echelon, the suggestions are as follows.We should cultivate multiple innovation subjects and promote a new situation of collaborative innovation. The development strategy is planned by the government, the breakthrough kinetic energy is released by the core enterprises, and the environmental support is constructed by the market and society, so as to fully activate and develop the innovation subject in stages, and lead the upgrading of various industries step by step. In addition, industry synergy drives innovation synergy, releases technology potential energy with the help of the brand influence of leading enterprises, promotes benign interaction of innovation elements, drives the surrounding small and medium-sized enterprises to open the road of digital and green development, continuously aggregates the regional industrial chain, and forms the overall industrial competitiveness.We should create core innovation projects, cooperate with preferential policies, and tackle key problems in key areas. The industry structure of latecomer echelon is dominated by traditional industries, and lacks core projects as the driving force of scientific and technological innovation in the new round of industrial competition. In order to improve the overall level of innovation, we should introduce major scientific and technological projects with the help of preferential policies to stimulate the endogenous power of our own core innovation.Create innovative metropolitan area and promote core cities to share knowledge with other regions in the province. We should further deepen the cultivation of advantageous fields, release the potential energy of scientific and technological innovation in provincial capitals and core cities, export technology and production capacity to the surrounding areas, promote the innovation achievements to become economic benefits, improve the content of innovation economy in the whole province, and form an innovation metropolitan area with multiple emerging innovation cities.Based on the evaluation and analysis of China’s scientific and technological innovation in this article, the research proposes the following countermeasures and suggestions:The first is to encourage school-site, school-enterprise cooperation, guide the main chain of the chain to move from formal cooperation to substantial cooperation, build a batch of in-depth cooperation, long-term and stable training and scientific research bases, promote the integration of major project projects and high-end talent projects, and realize advantageous resources Flow to key projects, key links and key talents to drive the increase in innovation concentration.The second is to attract enterprises to provide colleges and universities with personnel, funds, and equipment support, to supplement the engineering practice links of the students, to integrate the professional comprehensive capabilities, engineering practice capabilities, and scientific research and innovation capabilities of personnel, and to actively enhance the innovation reserve talents to achieve the growth of innovation potential.The third is to cooperate with the digital technology incubator supervisory unit and the intelligent manufacturing enterprise incubator cultivation platform, obtain the support of venture capital institutions, expand the proportion of intelligent manufacturing technology investment in the overall investment quota, stimulate a new round of advanced manufacturing investment momentum, and cooperate for school-enterprise cooperation And smart manufacturing entrepreneurship provides new opportunities. Achieve the mission goal of innovation-driven national strategic growth.In future research, researchers can further refine and adjust the evaluation index system. In addition, consider using a complete research framework to present the interactivity of indicators in various dimensions. With the supplement of these studies, a complete picture of China’s scientific and technological innovation capabilities can be fully demonstrated.S1 Data(RAR)Click here for additional data file. 23 Aug 2021PONE-D-21-23193Research on the concentration, potential and mission of science and technology innovation in ChinaPLOS ONEDear Dr. Liu,Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.plosone@plos.org. 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Please do not edit.]Reviewers' comments:Reviewer's Responses to Questions5. Review Comments to the AuthorPlease use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. Reviewer #1: This paper is technically sound. In order to objectively and comprehensively measure the development level of provincial scientific and technological innovation, the author constructed the "Innovation Potential-Innovation Concentration" provincial evaluation index system, and used the entropy TOPSIS method to determine the index weights in the provincial innovation potential innovation concentration evaluation index system. Multi-objective evaluation of provincial innovation potential and innovation concentration has certain application value.However, I don't know if it is a typesetting problem. The display of Table2 is confusing, and Figure2 is not very clear. In addition, when the TOPSIS method is used to evaluate the degree of innovation concentration, it is impossible to directly conclude that the highly concentrated provinces present the distribution characteristics of "multi-point dispersion and local aggregation".The suggestion for this manuscript is minor revision, and I hope the author will integrate the analysis and evaluation of the innovation concentration in the paper more closely.Reviewer #2: Dear Authors,First, I would like to thank you for providing me with the opportunity to read your paper titled ‘Research on the concentration, potential and mission of science and technology innovation in China.’ I like your idea to draw attention to taking an accurate picture of scientific/technological innovation (STI) in China’s provinces in the context of its concentration, potential, and mission. The paper was well-written; the research topic is original; its structure is logical; the applied method for analysis is valid. My comments might hopefully help you to improve your paper.1) The paper can be improved by providing a theoretical argument on why the concentration, potential, and mission of STI should be considered as its significant measurements. For this, you can use some theoretical explanations in the literature review.2) In this section, you can also demonstrate several implications  of this paper on academia and practitioners—maybe, policymakers—for potential readers’ understanding.3) The literature review is well-written, using understandable terminology. In this section, it is required to resolve the inconsistency in citing references that should follow the journal guideline.4) The analytical method is soundly technical. The journal recommends authors make all data underlying the findings fully available. Providing additional information on your data sources noted at the bottom of Table 1  would improve the transparency of your analysis and findings.5) The results offer insights on ‘what is going on there.’ The categorization of provinces through the 2 x 2 matrix  is a rational approach. Based on the results, several valuable suggestions are drawn for the driver, follower, back horse, and latecomer echelons. This section can be improved by concluding with theoretical and/or practical implications of the findings.I hope that the suggestions made here help enrich future versions of this paper.Reviewer #3: This paper presents a study on the concentration, potential and mission of science and technology innovation in China. An approach based on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Entropy has been used in this study. I think that the paper is well-written and well-structured. However, I suggest that the authors consider the following comments to improve the paper:1. I think the justification for using TOPSIS and Entropy should be explained more in the introduction section.2. I think the paper should be improved by adding a new section or subsection to present other MCDM and weighting methods which can be used for the assessment process; like COPRAS , WASPAS (Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment), SECA , MEREC  and EDAS .3. A table should be added to the literature review section to show the main features of the previous studies and the current study.4. Acronyms and abbreviations should be defined at their first mention. Please check them in the manuscript. For example: Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)5. The equations should be numbered and organized.6. Section headings should be descriptive and concise.7. I think a sensitivity analysis should be made based on changing criteria weights to show the stability of results.8. A conclusion section should be added to present final discussion, concluding remarks and suggestions for future research.Overall, I think the paper needs to be revised before publication.https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool,  2 Sep 2021Response to Reviewer 1 CommentsDear Reviewer:First of all, thank you very much for your feedback! These are excellent suggestions, and we wholeheartedly agree with your points. Here are our responses in terms of your feedback:Point 1:However, I don't know if it is a typesetting problem. The display of Table2 is confusing, and Figure2 is not very clear. In addition, when the TOPSIS method is used to evaluate the degree of innovation concentration, it is impossible to directly conclude that the highly concentrated provinces present the distribution characteristics of "multi-point dispersion and local aggregation".Response 1: Thank you so much for your comments. We adjusted the format and deleted the map part based on the comments of the editorial department. The description of the relevant distribution characteristics has also been revised.* Again, we thank you for your helpful inputs! We believe the new considerations and major revisions should better show the paper's rationale.Take care, and Thank you so much.Response to Reviewer 2 CommentsDear Reviewer:First of all, thank you very much for your feedback! These are excellent suggestions, and we wholeheartedly agree with your points. Here are our responses in terms of your feedback:Point 1:The paper can be improved by providing a theoretical argument on why the concentration, potential, and mission of STI should be considered as its significant measurements. For this, you can use some theoretical explanations in the literature review.Response 1: Thank you very much for your suggestions. We have added the concepts and elicited meanings of these dimensions. Thank you！Point 2:In this section, you can also demonstrate several implications  of this paper on academia and practitioners—maybe, policymakers—for potential readers’ understanding.Response 2: Thank you for your careful knowledge. We supplemented the contribution of this research, highlighting its potential impact on policy.Point 3:The literature review is well-written, using understandable terminology. In this section, it is required to resolve the inconsistency in citing references that should follow the journal guideline.Response 3: Thanks for your guidance. We have re-adjusted the document format in conjunction with the journal guidelines.Point 4:The analytical method is soundly technical. The journal recommends authors make all data underlying the findings fully available. Providing additional information on your data sources noted at the bottom of Table 1  would improve the transparency of your analysis and findings.Response 4: Thank you for your suggestion, we have uploaded the source file and code as an attachment.Point 5:The results offer insights on ‘what is going on there.’ The categorization of provinces through the 2 x 2 matrix  is a rational approach. Based on the results, several valuable suggestions are drawn for the driver, follower, back horse, and latecomer echelons. This section can be improved by concluding with theoretical and/or practical implications of the findings.Response 5: Thank you very much for your suggestion. We have re-added the relevant discussion. Thanks for your comments* Again, we thank you for your helpful inputs! We believe the new considerations and major revisions should better show the paper's rationale.Take care, and Thank you so much.Response to Reviewer 3 CommentsDear Reviewer:First of all, thank you very much for your feedback! These are excellent suggestions, and we wholeheartedly agree with your points. Here are our responses in terms of your feedback:Point 1:I think the justification for using TOPSIS and Entropy should be explained more in the introduction section.Response 1: Thank you very much for your suggestions. We have supplemented the related theories and analysis of Topsis and entropy, thank you for your contribution.Point 2:I think the paper should be improved by adding a new section or subsection to present other MCDM and weighting methods which can be used for the assessment process; like COPRAS , WASPAS (Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment), SECA , MEREC  and EDAS .Response 2: Thank you very much for your help with our article. We have re-added the source of weights and analysis methods, combined with your comments to strengthen the interpretation of the evaluation process. Finally, we emphasize the suitability and uniqueness of this research method. thanks for your helpPoint 3:Acronyms and abbreviations should be defined at their first mention. Please check them in the manuscript. For example: Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The equations should be numbered and organized. I think a sensitivity analysis should be made based on changing criteria weights to show the stability of results.Response 3: Thanks for your guidance. We adjusted the corresponding content one by one to make the article structure more appropriate.Point 4:I think a sensitivity analysis should be made based on changing criteria weights to show the stability of results. A conclusion section should be added to present final discussion, concluding remarks and suggestions for future research.Response 4: We re-use the analytic hierarchy process to get new weights. Combining the comparison of the two weights and conducting sensitivity analysis, it is found that the location changes of the provinces have not changed, which shows the stability and validity of the results. At the same time, we have added the conclusions and prospects to make research more valuable.* Again, we thank you for your helpful inputs! We believe the new considerations and major revisions should better show the paper's rationale.Take care, and Thank you so much.AttachmentResponse to Reviewer 3.docxSubmitted filename: Click here for additional data file. 6 Sep 2021Research on the concentration, potential and mission of science and technology innovation in ChinaPONE-D-21-23193R1Dear Dr. Liu,We’re pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been judged scientifically suitable for publication and will be formally accepted for publication once it meets all outstanding technical requirements.Within one week, you’ll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. When these have been addressed, you’ll receive a formal acceptance letter and your manuscript will be scheduled for publication.http://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/, click the 'Update My Information' link at the top of the page, and double check that your user information is up-to-date. If you have any billing related questions, please contact our Author Billing department directly at authorbilling@plos.org.An invoice for payment will follow shortly after the formal acceptance. To ensure an efficient process, please log into Editorial Manager at onepress@plos.org.If your institution or institutions have a press office, please notify them about your upcoming paper to help maximize its impact. If they’ll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team as soon as possible -- no later than 48 hours after receiving the formal acceptance. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information, please contact Kind regards,Mehdi Keshavarz-GhorabaeeAcademic EditorPLOS ONE 15 Sep 2021PONE-D-21-23193R1 Research on the concentration, potential and mission of science and technology innovation in China Dear Dr. Liu:I'm pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been deemed suitable for publication in PLOS ONE. Congratulations! Your manuscript is now with our production department. onepress@plos.org.If your institution or institutions have a press office, please let them know about your upcoming paper now to help maximize its impact. If they'll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team within the next 48 hours. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information please contact plosone@plos.org. If we can help with anything else, please email us at Thank you for submitting your work to PLOS ONE and supporting open access. Kind regards, PLOS ONE Editorial Office Staffon behalf ofDr. Mehdi Keshavarz-Ghorabaee Academic EditorPLOS ONE


Since the professionalization of basketball in China, the number of teenagers participating in basketball training has gradually increased, which has promoted the improvement of basketball level in China. Teenagers ‘love' for basketball further promotes the improvement of basketball level in China. However, the reality of basketball in China still lags far behind that of developed basketball countries, in which backward training is an important aspect. This paper mainly makes a comprehensive overview of the training effect and classification of basketball players through particle swarm optimization, objectively evaluates the training effect of physical fitness, and proposes corresponding optimization measures, aiming at the scientific optimization of physical training for basketball players in China. In order to rationally arrange the training methods, control the training process, and make the training scientific, the effectiveness of the particle swarm optimization algorithm for the classification of basketball players' training effects is analyzed, and a new population-based optimization method is proposed. The experimental results verify the superiority of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. It is an inevitable choice to enhance the physical strength level of basketball reserve strength by using appropriate methods to train basketball players. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is a global optimization evolutionary algorithm based on swarm intelligence . The algBasketball, as one of the “three big balls,” was introduced into China earlier and received a wider audience and has become one of the most popular sports . PhysicaParticle swarm optimization algorithm is an evolutionary computing technology based on swarm intelligence method, introducing the concept of “group” . PSO is In this paper, we propose a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which is a new algorithm for the classification and optimization of training effect of regional basketball players.This algorithm is an optimization algorithm based on population. Each particle in the population represents a feasible solution to the problem and has a fitness value related to the objective function.This technology solves the classification and optimization of basketball players' training effects by simulating the behavior of biological groups, forms a theoretical system with swarm intelligence as the core, and makes breakthroughs in some practical application fields.Fast search speed, high efficiency, and simple algorithm are provided, suitable for real value processing.In summary, our contributions are as follows:Through observation and research on biological communities, it is found that swarm intelligence generated by complex behaviors such as cooperation and competition among individuals in biological communities can often provide efficient solutions to specific problems . KennedyBasketball is a big sport. Participating in basketball can enhance the physical fitness of athletes, and at the same time train their organizational ability, communication ability, and teamwork ability. In short, basketball is a very good sport. For basketball players, in order to improve their basketball skills effectively, they need to master all kinds of basketball skills. There are many methods of basketball training. In the process of training athletes, classified training methods are usually adopted . In 2007Particle swarm optimization (PSO) arises from the simulation of migration and population in the process of bird foraging. Similar to genetic algorithm, PSO is also an optimization tool based on iteration. The system is initialized as a set of random solutions, and the optimal solution is searched by iteration in some way. However, PSO has no “selection,” “crossover,” and “mutation” operators of genetic algorithm, and its coding method is simpler than GA. So PSO algorithm is easy to understand and implement. It has developed rapidly in recent years and has been successfully applied in many aspects. Each particle in particle swarm optimization adjusts its flight according to its own flight experience and the flight experience of its companions. The best position each particle has experienced in the flight process is the optimal solution found by the particle itself. The best position the group has ever experienced is the best solution the group has found so far. The former is called the individual extreme value, and the latter is called the global extreme value. In practice, the fitness value determined by the optimization problem is used to evaluate the “good or bad” degree of particles. Each particle constantly updates itself through the above two extremums, thus generating a new generation of population. When solving the optimization problem of PSO, each particle remembers and follows the current optimal particle to search in the solution space. The process of each iteration is not completely random. If a better solution is found, the next solution will be found based on this. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm originated from the simulated social system, but it lacks a solid mathematical foundation.In order to speed up the search speed in the model, a triangular distribution method is proposed. This paper analyzes the statistical law of velocity and puts forward the objective distribution probability and subjective probability. These probability distributions are reasonably simplified into easy to operate triangular distributions, and then it is analyzed that this probability method can quickly approach the target value. Through theoretical data trial calculation and comparison, its search effect is better. The particle swarm optimization algorithm uses a speed-position search model. The search for particles in the solution space based on this model is shown in x, the ith particle can be expressed asSimilar to chromosomes in genetic algorithm, particles in PSO are basic constituent units, representing a candidate solution of solution space. If the solution vector is set as d-dimensional variable, then when the number of algorithm iterations is Particle velocity represents the change in the position of the particle in the unit iteration times, namely, the displacement of the particle in the d-dimensional space representing the solution variable, which can be expressed asThe fitness function is determined by the optimization objective, which is used to evaluate the search performance of particles and guide the search process of particle population. When the iteration stops, the optimal solution variable of the fitness function is the optimal solution of the optimal search. See α is a random number evenly distributed between  and ß and B are learning factors.PSO is first initialized as a group of random particles (random solutions), and then the optimal solution is searched by iteration. In each iteration, the particle updates its velocity and position through individual and global extremums:The individual extremum is the solution with the best fitness for a single particle from the initial search to the current iteration.The global extremum is the solution with the best fitness for the entire particle population from the beginning of the search to the current iteration.Particles keep tracking individual and global extremums in the solution space until they reach the required number of iterations or meet the required error criteria.Basketball is a big sport. Learning basketball and mastering basketball skills can enhance athletes' physique. If they often participate in competitions, they can also cultivate athletes' organizational ability and communication ability and may also cultivate athletes' positive and optimistic attitude towards life. Based on the overall level, basketball is a “sunshine, can enhance physical fitness, and cultivate people's ability to cooperate” sports.In the process of solving the practical optimization problem, the inertia weight decreases linearly with the number of iterations. In the initial stage of the search, particle swarm can search the whole solution space with a large probability and can quickly converge to the local region where the optimal solution is. Then, with the decrease of inertia weight, the particle population can achieve local fine-tuning in this region. In the process of convergence, the number of particles is gradually reduced to improve the particle efficiency. The increasing phase in the periodic oscillation term represents the random emergence of new particles to increase the diversity of particle swarm. The particle swarm optimization algorithm with a large inertia weight has a strong global search ability, while the algorithm tends to local search if the inertia weight is small. The formula is shown in  and 8),,8), and The convergence factor may be used to ensure convergence of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The convergence factor model is as follows:The particles to be crossed are finally selected from all the examples with a certain crossover probability and then randomly combined to perform the cross operation to produce the descendant particles. The position and velocity vectors of the descendant particles are as follows:Sports quality includes strength, speed, endurance, agility, and flexibility. It is not only the functional ability of human body in the process of completing the movement, but also the basis of mastering other competitive abilities. It is of great significance to the selection and training of basketball players. Basketball is a comprehensive and competitive sport. Any sport quality should not be neglected. Especially the upper limb strength and speed endurance which are easy to show are particularly important. The key to improving athletes' physical fitness lies in the harmonious and unified level of load stimulation and functional adaptation. Therefore, physical training can effectively improve the shape and function of human body according to the type of load stimulation applied. This load stimulation is what sports need. The effect of athletes' training is to make their body adapt to the external environment constantly, break the original biological adaptation and balance of the body, and achieve a new stable state after a period of adaptation under the condition of meeting the physical ability required by the fierce competition. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is an optimization algorithm based on swarm intelligence theory, which guides the optimization search through the group intelligence generated by the cooperation and competition among the particles in the group. Compared with evolutionary algorithms, PSO retains a population-based global search strategy, but its speed-displacement model is simple to operate and avoids complex genetic operations. The velocity-displacement search model of particle swarm optimization algorithm is simple in operation and low in computational complexity and coordinates global search and local search through inertia weight. Inertia weight is an important parameter to balance the ability of global search and local search in particle swarm optimization algorithm. It is necessary to adopt dynamic adaptive inertia weight strategy based on different dimensions of different particles in the early stage of evolution to speed up the convergence speed. In the later stage of evolution, the linear decreasing weight strategy is adopted. At the same time, in order to prevent falling into local optimization, chaotic variation is introduced in time to increase population diversity. It can guarantee the optimal solution with a large probability and overcome the local optimal defect of BP algorithm. It can also improve the convergence speed of local regions and avoid the convergence and stagnation of GA in the local region search process.Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a problem in which individuals search for the optimal solution through cooperation and competition. Movement speed refers to the body's ability to move quickly over a certain distance. The distance a player moves quickly on a basketball court is usually less than 30 meters. Response speed refers to the human body's ability to respond quickly to various signal stimuli. Reaction speed is the premise for athletes to make all kinds of actions. The training can adopt the methods of using signals and moving targets, such as shadow training, three people passing two balls, the coach sending signals, and the athletes responding to the requirements. Flexibility refers to the range of motion of the joints and the elasticity and extension of the ligaments, tendons, muscles, skin, and other tissues across the joints. Flexibility plays an obvious role in promoting the overall development of physical fitness. We should make full use of the development of flexibility in childhood to achieve twice the result with half the effort. The main training methods are active exercises, such as using the arch and step pressure of ribs, positive pressure, back pressure, swing legs, shoulder pressure, body lateral extension, in situ flexion of fingers, wrists, body forward bending, and supine leg raising. Attention should be paid to the alternation of flexibility exercises in different parts. Sensitivity refers to the ability of the human body to complete movements quickly, coordinately, agilely, and accurately under various changing conditions. Sensitivity quality is determined by the flexibility of cerebral cortex nerve process. High flexibility of athletes' cerebral cortex nerve can make muscles contract quickly and relax in time. The action rhythm is fast and coordinated. The degree of flexibility training of cerebral cortex nerve process will determine the level of sensitivity quality.Many practical engineering problems are essentially function optimization problems or can be transformed into function optimization problems. For function optimization, there are some mature solutions such as genetic algorithms. However, for complex functions with ultra-high dimensional and multilocal extremum, genetic algorithms tend to achieve the desired requirements in terms of optimization convergence speed and accuracy. The particle swarm optimization algorithm can achieve better optimization results than the genetic algorithm when solving some typical function optimization problems. This shows that the particle swarm optimization algorithm also has a good application prospect in solving practical problems. PSO is a potential neural network training algorithm. PSO search speed is faster and can get better optimization results, which overcomes the shortcomings of the above two algorithms. In practical application problems, such as using PSO algorithm to train neural network for medical diagnosis, a high success rate has been achieved. It is now being extended to more applications. Therefore, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to study the classification and optimization of basketball players' training. Basketball is an antagonistic sport. Due to the restriction of opponents, it is necessary to flexibly change the direction, speed, and body posture according to the complex situation of the game at all times, which puts forward a high demand for sensitive quality.Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has relatively good performance in training classification and optimization of basketball players and has good convergence. See PSO also verifies the redundant connection effect, the performance of the neural network, and information processing capacity surplus leading to overtraining problem. Through the result the experiment can launch, particle swarm optimization algorithm is compared with genetic algorithm and the training time approaches, and classification performance has improved significantly. If we have the same error goal, using particle swarm optimization algorithm convergence training required for the number of iterations is decreased obviously. It can be seen that the particle swarm optimization algorithm not only greatly improves the convergence speed of training, but also significantly enhances the performance of the trained neural network. The range of heart rate changes in the regular training class is large, showing the high and low staggered phenomenon; the training course reaches the highest peak. It takes a long time, the speed and slope of the heart rate curve are relatively insignificant, and the heart rate game is just the opposite, as shown in There was no significant difference in recovery between the end of the three minutes, although there was a significant difference in heart rate before the end of the training see . The proTraining is a systematic and comprehensive work, which contains a wide range of content. In order to achieve the ideal competitive ability, only the implementation of systematic principles can help, starting from weak links, from the content of training arrangements and action specifications. The training classification of basketball players using PSO is compared with that before and after optimization as shown in Testing can help athletes and coaches diagnose physical fitness, find weak links, achieve training goals, or tap potential. This is in order to change the declining trend of China's professional basketball training quality year by year as soon as possible, reverse the phenomenon of “three deficiencies” , improve the competitive ability level of professional teams and their reserve talents, shorten the gap with international strong teams, and make basketball programs contribute to the realization of a strong sports country at an early date. In basketball training, the effect will be affected in the training process, and some athletes may appear more in the subjective training content. Especially in the content of endurance training, training often leaves space for yourself. This situation has formed a certain degree of misleading after coach training and also led to the unsatisfactory effect of basketball training.Due to the constraints of the system and other factors, the training period is short, the regular physical training begins relatively late, the training time is tight, the physical training is not comprehensive enough, and there is a lack of systematic training control and scientific training load, resulting in lowering the physical development level of basketball players. With a certain lag, the training effect is not obvious. For male basketball players who have not systematically practiced core strength and physical stability, short-term concentrated training can effectively improve related ability, factors that restrict the development of basketball players' physical fitness, except for the interference of factors such as the arrangement of training means. The psychological factors of the athletes in the training implementation phase are also crucial. In the formulation of physical fitness training programs for young athletes, the level and characteristics of athletes are fully considered. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to create an environment suitable for the development of athletes, highlight personalized training prescriptions, and effectively enhance competitive ability. While classifying and optimizing basketball players scientifically and systematically, we should lay particular emphasis on giving priority to development and combining comprehensiveness with priority to development.


Chromosome instability is a hallmark of cancer and is caused by inaccurate segregation of chromosomes. One cellular structure used to avoid this fate is the kinetochore, which binds to the centromere on the chromosome. Human centromeres are poorly understood, since sequencing and analyzing repeated alpha-satellite DNA regions, which can span a few megabases at the centromere, are particularly difficult. However, recent analyses revealed that these regions are actively transcribed and that transcription levels are tightly regulated, unveiling a possible role of RNA at the centromere. In this short review, we focus on the recent discovery of the function of human centromeric RNA in the regulation and structure of the centromere, and discuss the consequences of dysregulation of centromeric RNA in cancer. S. cerevisiae) nucleosomes interspersed with classical Histone 3 nucleosomes  allowing the activation of Aurora B . The train vitro with ∝ satellite RNAs through an RNA binding motif  . TogetheIn pancreatic and other epithelial human cancers, overexpression of α-satellite transcripts (cenRNA)  is correThus, detection of cenRNA might be a good predictor of cancer prognosis. In support of this concept, detection of pericentromeric SatII RNA, satellite RNAs present at specific heterochromatin located at the edges of the centromere, in biopsies is more tightly correlated with detection than the standard method . SensingCentromeres are essential for chromosome segregation, and while this function is preserved across species, their structure and mechanisms underlying presents large differences. However, one common particularity is that the centromere DNA sequence is actively transcribed. The resulting RNA is then processed to result in RNAi in yeast and in mammals or cenRNA in mammals. These cenRNAs have been shown to be an indispensable part of the centromere by interacting with CENP-A and CENP-C, as well as actively recruiting other parts of the kinetochore. The dysregulation of the cenRNA expression leads to chromosome instability, which can result in some cases in metastasis of a cancer. One possible treatment to counter this effect is the injection of a synthetic CDN that activates the cGas-STING pathway, able to detect the presence of cytosolic DNA resulting from CIN and activating an immune-response. One point to further investigate is with which mechanism higher eukaryotes can finely tune the expression of cenRNAs, and if a drug can avoid the overexpression of cenRNA in cancer cells.SL wrote the manuscript. KK directed how to write the manuscript and edited it. Both authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


Studies in drug use settings rarely use sex under the influence of drugs as an indicator of sexual risk behaviors. This study explored the prevalence of sex under the influence of drugs and its correlates among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Cambodia. We included 1147 PWUD from 12 provinces in this study. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with sex under the influence of drugs. Of the total, 39.7% reported having had sex under the influence of drugs in the past three months. After adjustment, sex under the influence of drugs was significantly associated with living in urban areas , having two to three  and four or more sexual partners , engaging in transactional sex , using methamphetamine , using drugs for three years or longer , having been to a drug rehabilitation center , having a network of ten or more PWUD , and having high psychological distress . This study documents the high prevalence of sex under the influence of drugs and its risk factors among male and female PWUD in Cambodia. These findings point to the need for integrating HIV and harm-reduction programs using innovative approaches to address the overlapping risks in this key population.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10508-021-02243-x. People who use drugs (PWUD), including people who inject drugs, are highly exposed to sexual risk behaviors, such as sex under the influence of drugs. Sex under the influence of drugs is defined as sexual intercourse when a partner is intoxicated with one of the drugs, including heroin, cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, and benzodiazepines  of 1,677 PWUD in Cambodia. We excluded participants who reported that they did not have sexual intercourse and did not use any illicit drugs in the past three months. TThe primary objective of the IBBS survey was to estimate the HIV prevalence among PWUD in Cambodia and examine knowledge, attitude, and practices of illicit drug use behaviors and sexual risk behaviors , sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, education, living arrangement, occupation, and income. The questionnaire also collected information on sexual behaviors, such as the number of sexual partners, frequency of condom use, having sex in exchange for money or goods, and having sex under the influence of drugs with any partner in the past three months. We categorized the number of sexual partners into three groups based on its distribution. To define “sex under the influence of drugs,” we asked a single yes/no question, “In the past three months, have you ever had sexual intercourse when you or your partners were intoxicated with drugs?”The survey also collected information related to substance use behaviors, such as the type of drugs used, duration of drug use, experience in a drug rehabilitation center, and the size of the network of drug users they knew. We dichotomized methamphetamine and heroin use separately and grouped the duration of drug use based on its distribution. Similarly, we grouped the number of drug users that the participants knew into three groups based on its distribution. We used the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to measure psychological distress  of the outcome for each covariate to show the direction of and the change in the association’s magnitude. Finally, we presented adjusted odds ratios (AOR) in the multiple logistic regression model with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also performed sensitivity analyses to see whether results for men differed from those for women, as shown in the literature  for the statistical analyses. We built a multiple logistic regression model to identify factors associated with sex under the influence of drugs, following several steps. First, we grouped continuous variables based on their respective distributions. Next, bivariate analyses were conducted using the chi-square test to examine the association between sex under the influence of drugs and variables selected based on previous studies. Variables independently associated with sex under the influence of drugs at Ethical approval was obtained from the National Ethics Committee for Health Research (NECHR) of the Ministry of Health in Cambodia (No. 420 NECHR). We removed all personal identifiers from the data collection documents. Participants were informed of the risks and benefits of their participation and the study’s voluntary nature. The study participants provided written informed consent before the data collection started.Table p < 0.001), had sex with at least four partners , and had sex in exchange for money or goods  in the past three months.Table p < 0.001), used drugs for at least three years , had been to a drug rehabilitation center , had a network of ten or more PWUD , and had high psychological distress .As shown in Table Table The odds of having sex under the influence of drugs were significantly higher in participants who reported having sex in exchange for money or goods  and participants who used methamphetamine  in the past three months relative to those who did not. Similarly, the odds of having sex under the influence of drugs were significantly higher among participants who had used drugs for more than three years relative to those who used drugs for less than one year , and participants who had been to a drug rehabilitation center relative to those who had not . Last, the odds of having sex under the influence of drugs were significantly higher in participants with a network of at least ten PWUD than those with a network of four or less PWUD , and participants who had high psychological distress relative to those with low psychological distress .We reran Tables This study documented a high prevalence of sex under the influence of drugs among PWUD in Cambodia at 39.7%. The prevalence was lower than the 46.6% prevalence found in China Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.