YoC4uZdSVwI-00000-00000000-00000050 . Y0E0qXZg-9y-00000-00000000-00000407 Do you have expensive watercolor materials? NO! Y0E0qXZg-9y-00001-00000407-00000814 well, neither do I. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00002-00000814-00001062 and it doesn't matter, because I have great news for you. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00003-00001062-00001632 I've achieved pretty decent results with inexpensive watercolor materials Y0E0qXZg-9y-00004-00001632-00002767 if you want to give utility to those materials that you have abandoned, or you want to practice with economic materials ... this is the video for you. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00005-00005706-00006000 Welcome to my channel, kathy perez talks to you Y0E0qXZg-9y-00006-00006000-00006827 well, here you will find the step-by-step processes of this landscape in watercolors Y0E0qXZg-9y-00007-00006827-00007378 the materials I'm going to use are not expensive. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00008-00007378-00008400 they are materials that I had stored with school quality because I am not a watercolorist. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00009-00008400-00009394 but, as I have mentioned in other videos, I would love to arouse in other people curiosity and dare to practice other techniques. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00010-00009394-00010226 I have a hard time getting out of my comfort zone, which are dry techniques like pencil, charcoal, graphite. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00011-00010226-00010555 so I encourage you to practice with other techniques. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00012-00010555-00011225 I'm showing the drawing I chose for this video, it's a previously handmade drawing. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00013-00011225-00012536 like me, you can make a previous drawing on a watercolor paper of your choice Y0E0qXZg-9y-00014-00012536-00013368 here, I'm selecting the color palette I'm going to use, most of the colors in my palette are warm. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00015-00013368-00013820 these are the colors for the creation of this piece Y0E0qXZg-9y-00016-00013820-00014618 I want to mention that, yes, what you see on screen is a microwave dish as a palette. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00017-00014618-00015210 well, I found it in the kitchen, the dish had many years abandoned from a microwave that had been damaged in my house. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00018-00015210-00016175 and I steal the microwave dish from my mom, hahaha, I think it's also valid for art, hahaha. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00019-00016175-00017526 but, reading, asking other watercolorists I realized that they use glass or porcelain pallets a lot for their easy cleaning mode. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00020-00017526-00018772 the watercolor remains stuck as it happens in the plastic palettes, which for my little fortune working with plastic palettes are stained ... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00021-00018772-00019919 and when I try to use a new color it mixes with the one that was stuck, so I didn't like the experience with plastic palettes... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00022-00019919-00021225 so, I preferred the microwave dish. PLEASE ask permission before stealing your microwave dish. your mom can hit you AND IT WON'T BE MY FAULT. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00023-00021225-00022605 the previously made drawing is from a place I chose from my country called LAS BOVEDAS DEL CASCO ANTIGUO. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00024-00022605-00023655 I want to remind you to follow my social networks, please subscribe to my channel, like the video, and click on the bell, so that you are notified of the next premieres. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00025-00023655-00024987 if you want to stay informed about the content I have and the one I want to share in the future. leave your like on the video... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00026-00024987-00025838 tell me what kind of places you would like to see or what other types of materials you would like to find more information on. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00027-00025838-00026445 in the other video, I will talk about more expensive materials or high ranges. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00028-00026445-00027825 so that you can see how different qualities behave and also compare in the same drawing the different qualities... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00029-00027825-00028376 and see the results of good quality and that so much can be achieved with economical materials. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00030-00028376-00029708 in this case, seeing the quality of my materials, I have to fine-tune many details of the paint with the help of pens. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00031-00029708-00031896 I have to rely on other tools that did not brush. because in the end I could not get clear details or I could not get that precise touch to give a more realistic style to the objects in this painting. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00032-00031896-00032529 I do not achieve that precision with watercolor because the quality of the paper is very cheap ... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00033-00032529-00033469 and absorbs a lot of water and begins to bend or wrinkle, but I go back and repeat, it is a pretty decent material for beginners... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00034-00033469-00034357 if you want to practice before going to a better quality sheet or a more expensive sheet. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00035-00034357-00035307 the cheap watercolor sheet works for you to practice and let go of your hand, enter into confidence with watercolor. doing watercolor exercises with economic materials is a useful fact. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00036-00035307-00036506 but there are pros and cons to using cheap materials, I think. because then, you get used to this type of materials, being able to also use better and get better results. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00037-00036506-00037168 well, I'm not going to give you more turns to the matter, I'm going to leave you background music so you can see the video. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00038-00037168-00037749 a lengthy video, I'll be back soon. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00039-00159806-00160306 I come back again, I hope you liked the video... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00040-00160306-00161098 that you are liking, it is working for you as a learning method ... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00041-00161098-00162048 this video works for me a lot and I realize the problems that arose because of the type of paper I'm using. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00042-00162048-00162899 the problems that arose with this watercolor paper led me to change my strategy... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00043-00162899-00163355 to get a better finish in this painting... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00044-00163355-00163998 at this point, my strategy is the implementation of pens. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00045-00163998-00165455 I want to remind you that like this video, SUBSCRIBE TO MY CHANNEL, comment what would you like to see in my future videos? Y0E0qXZg-9y-00046-00165455-00166413 what other kind of content would you like to see in my next videos? Y0E0qXZg-9y-00047-00166413-00167219 hahaha, I hope at this point in the video you're still watching it. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00048-00167219-00168037 you must put into practice what you have learned, seriously, practice. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00049-00168037-00169062 exercise those hands, use the brushes, wet the brushes, look at how the materials behave... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00050-00169062-00170449 try other qualities, other brands of materials, if the one you chose today you did not like, try others. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00051-00170449-00171289 do not stay with the desire to try different brands to compare. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00052-00171289-00171977 in my experience, I loved using watercolors, if you ask me, do you want to continue doing this type of work with watercolors? ... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00053-00171977-00172800 well yes, I will continue to make them and I will continue to upload more content like this about watercolors to my channel. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00054-00172800-00173373 I hope you like it and I leave you with what is missing from the video... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00055-00173373-00174080 please SUBSCRIBE TO MY CHANNEL, like the video, comment what did you like and what did you not?. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00056-00174080-00175045 I will be answering questions without any problem if you have questions about any specific material. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00057-00175045-00175752 if I have the information or knowledge about any material of interest to you I will share it. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00058-00175752-00176400 this would be all for you to see the final part of this video... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00059-00199684-00200309 well, we are in the final part of the video, as the Panamanian says: giving the last ones. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00060-00200309-00201442 I'm given the last touches after I've used the pens, I did other tweaks on the part of the shadows in the trees. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00061-00201442-00202200 to give it a slightly more realistic visual effect and defining shapes. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00062-00202200-00203018 enhancing the lights of the leaves in the trees. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00063-00203018-00204069 I want to remind you that my name is Kathy Perez, it has been a pleasure to share my learning. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00064-00204069-00205153 because at the same time I also learn, if you want to comment on any tip, correction, or watercolor data ... Y0E0qXZg-9y-00065-00205153-00206344 I can read you, I also like to learn from others. I believe that the artist lives in constant learning. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00066-00206344-00206781 trial and error, trial and error, keep practicing, keep practicing. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00067-00206781-00207902 another tip for you is, don't give up, social media is cruel to our art. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00068-00207902-00209119 we may or may not be very good, but we do not receive the support we expect. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00069-00209119-00209870 that little support is quite typical, this shouldn't affect your performance as an artist, Y0E0qXZg-9y-00070-00209870-00210746 I've always said that the artist should push himself because it's very difficult to get the support of the audience, sometimes it's complicated. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00071-00210746-00212134 but, look, believe in your work, keep doing it, keep impacting people, you're always going to inspire someone else. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00072-00212134-00212334 and that's very important. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00073-00212334-00212534 so, I say goodbye Y0E0qXZg-9y-00074-00212534-00213377 inviting you to SUBSCRIBE, like the video, your support is very important to me, Y0E0qXZg-9y-00075-00213377-00214466 you can also follow my social networks, on the main page of my channel you will find the buttons of my other social networks. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00076-00214466-00215853 you can find me on Instagram as, By Kathy Perez, I have Facebook, Twitter, Pixiv, DeviantArt, etc. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00077-00215853-00216667 I wait for you in my other networks to receive more support from you Y0E0qXZg-9y-00078-00216667-00217847 you can also learn from my posts on Instagram, because, there are process photos, most of my content is based on processes of every piece of art I make. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00079-00217847-00218461 I try to upload my content pieces that are completely finished. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00080-00218461-00219120 well, I'm almost leaving, we're at the last minute of the video. Y0E0qXZg-9y-00081-00219120-00220492 I go back and repeat... SUBSCRIBE TO MY CHANNEL, share my videos, like, comment what more you want to see, because maybe it can help you ... GOODBYE. Y5JRellOkyg-00058-00015215-00015508 Subscrib channel Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00000-00000982-00001255 Hi, it's Yosuke Awata! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00001-00001255-00001556 Today, I'll draw with brush pens Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00002-00001556-00001827 on this tiny sketch book. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00003-00001846-00002164 I'll explain drawing techniques Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00004-00002164-00002264 while I draw. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00005-00002386-00002531 I'll use Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00006-00002589-00002728 This black brush pen, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00007-00002778-00003080 and this gray brush pen. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00008-00003080-00003338 I'll use 3 echniques today, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00009-00003354-00003506 1. Thin lines Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00010-00003524-00003674 2. Thick lines Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00011-00003692-00003822 3. Blurry lines Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00012-00003847-00004061 If I combine those 3 techniques, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00013-00004084-00004308 I can draw pretty well. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00014-00004328-00004576 Your style doesn't have to be like mine. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00015-00004588-00004744 for some other styles or even realism Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00016-00004762-00004990 drawing with brush pens are so fun! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00017-00005012-00005176 Enough talking. Let's draw!! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00018-00005422-00005726 For drawing thin lines, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00019-00005726-00005894 use tip if the pen. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00021-00006050-00006200 For adding more ink Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00022-00006260-00006552 brush side down and Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00023-00006570-00006984 squeeze the grip of a pen. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00024-00007012-00007302 Then ink goes to brush part of the pen. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00025-00007309-00007388 Then Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00026-00007409-00007690 ink goes to brush part of the pen. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00027-00008148-00008306 Too much ink now. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00028-00008408-00008736 The pen should be perpendicular Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00029-00008758-00008924 to draw thin lines. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00030-00009386-00009574 Something like that. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00031-00009886-00010182 Something like that. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00032-00010182-00010412 the line became thiner, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00033-00010589-00010713 and it's also fun! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00034-00010831-00011163 Squeeze the grip to get more ink. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00035-00011247-00011421 And draw! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00036-00011890-00012110 For drawing thick lines Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00037-00012414-00012536 Earlier, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00038-00012610-00012878 I used tip of brush Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00039-00012912-00013006 Now Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00040-00013006-00013335 I use side of the brush Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00041-00013336-00013440 then I can Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00042-00013466-00013626 draw thick line. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00043-00013644-00013838 This technique makes Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00044-00013876-00014122 painting big surface easier. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00046-00015174-00015470 There are bubbles here Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00047-00015470-00015753 but, that's okay! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00048-00015754-00015912 Fill-in this part, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00049-00015936-00016213 I don't know it can be a technique, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00050-00016232-00016466 but I put this bubbles Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00051-00016490-00016608 right here! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00052-00017052-00017198 I get Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00053-00017220-00017424 blurry lines. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00054-00017452-00017788 When I got low ink on brush part Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00055-00017788-00017968 drawing like that Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00056-00018006-00018222 line get blurry. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00057-00018334-00018596 I draw blurry lines, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00058-00018616-00018908 it's easy if I use side of brush Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00059-00018938-00019162 Maybe the pen has Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00060-00019186-00019456 low ink. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00061-00020242-00020438 Let' use gray! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00062-00020760-00021080 I wonder black ink got dry Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00063-00021080-00021214 It is! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00064-00021378-00021670 Using gray pen Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00065-00021670-00021994 just like I did with black pen. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00067-00023064-00023344 Squeeze the grip just like Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00068-00023370-00023518 black pen. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00069-00023534-00023738 You can see the ink here Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00070-00023784-00024100 then ink goes to the brush. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00071-00024154-00024446 Squeezing a pen Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00072-00024486-00024734 makes ink too dark. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00073-00026292-00026589 Using tip of pen, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00074-00026604-00026992 I can draw very thin lines. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00075-00029388-00029589 Drawing slow makes Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00076-00029589-00029762 dark lines. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00077-00029938-00030112 Drawing quick makes Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00078-00030112-00030342 light lines. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00079-00030414-00030558 Slowly Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00080-00030572-00030736 Then quick. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00081-00030768-00031218 Draw quick to make blurry line. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00082-00031274-00031472 If brush was very wet, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00083-00031489-00031658 it won't be light line Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00084-00031658-00031824 even drawing quickly. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00085-00031854-00032020 So, make sure Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00086-00032027-00032358 ink to be right amount. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00087-00033704-00034002 If there is too much ink, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00088-00034004-00034298 you can wipe with Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00089-00034298-00034597 paper or something. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00090-00034598-00034804 I don't like to waist, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00091-00034820-00035160 so I don't want to wipe too often. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00092-00035532-00035736 I want to keep Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00093-00035760-00035940 drawing lightly Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00094-00035986-00036286 but there is a lot of ink Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00095-00036286-00036574 so I draw something else Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00096-00036590-00036816 until ink get thinner. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00097-00037468-00037596 When ink get lower, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00098-00037596-00037938 I'll draw this one again. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00099-00040016-00040170 I finished! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00100-00040170-00040374 I think I'm signing here! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00101-00041688-00042017 Here's finish piece! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00102-00042018-00042452 The title is "Counter Clockwise Cats" Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00103-00042494-00042792 Here are Pentel brush pens. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00104-00042792-00043072 Today I used pigmented ink one. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00105-00043072-00043288 One with gray grip. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00106-00043300-00043574 This black grip one Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00107-00043574-00043756 This is not pigment ink. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00108-00043790-00043974 When I paint gray on top, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00109-00044004-00044266 it get stained even after dried. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00110-00044290-00044668 Either one get stained before dried. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00111-00044690-00044964 Pigment ink, it get Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00112-00044986-00045326 water resisting after dry. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00113-00045348-00045610 So, I use this. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00114-00045694-00046032 There are colorful brush pen too. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00115-00046032-00046306 The colors are beautiful! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00116-00046324-00046646 I drew those colorful ones as well. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00117-00046832-00047012 These pens are Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00118-00047020-00047216 so fun! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00119-00047260-00047521 These drawing, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00120-00047522-00047824 I painted color lightly. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00121-00047824-00048054 But I can also color very thick. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00122-00048054-00048376 If I do, colors will be rich and beautiful. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00123-00048376-00048502 However, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00124-00048524-00048826 drawings by these pens Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00125-00048844-00049108 easy to get damaged Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00126-00049130-00049348 by sun light Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00127-00049374-00049578 Direct sun in summer, Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00128-00049600-00049994 color get fade out in one day. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00129-00049994-00050390 So, I don't sell any paint brush drawings. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00130-00050406-00050634 I use water color or gash. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00131-00050648-00050846 I haven't used gash lately Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00132-00050860-00050956 that's okay. Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00133-00050968-00051276 Thank you for watching! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00134-00051276-00051486 See you next time! Y83s3Xe_DgQ-00135-00051486-00051586 Bye bye!! Y91LU6k_v0k-00000-00000000-00000208 (Kihun waiting for the game) Y91LU6k_v0k-00001-00000208-00000440 (A car approaching) Y91LU6k_v0k-00002-00001171-00001226 ki-hoon? Y91LU6k_v0k-00003-00001226-00001355 yes Y91LU6k_v0k-00004-00001355-00001453 password? Y91LU6k_v0k-00005-00001453-00001538 dick...(korean kkotchi) Y91LU6k_v0k-00006-00001866-00002106 Boarding Y91LU6k_v0k-00007-00002106-00002248 Everyone Y91LU6k_v0k-00008-00002248-00002417 tired...? Y91LU6k_v0k-00009-00002417-00003040 How long does it take to play the game? Y91LU6k_v0k-00010-00003040-00003283 Spray some sleeping gas Y91LU6k_v0k-00011-00003283-00003380 umm...? Y91LU6k_v0k-00012-00003380-00003482 I like it(?) Y91LU6k_v0k-00013-00003706-00003910 How long does it take? Y91LU6k_v0k-00014-00004043-00004131 What is this? Y91LU6k_v0k-00015-00004131-00004524 Kihun felt something weird. Y91LU6k_v0k-00016-00004828-00005003 tired? Y94jsYfy0FI-00000-00000051-00000721 Turkiye's brand new unmanned surface vessel (USV) "MARLIN" developed by ASELSAN and SEFİNE Y94jsYfy0FI-00001-00000721-00001229 under the coordination of the Turkish Defense Agency (SSB), has demonstrated its capabilities Y94jsYfy0FI-00002-00001229-00001818 during NATO exercises on September 12. MARLIN is an autonomous USV designed to meet Y94jsYfy0FI-00003-00001818-00002329 the high speed, sea keeping and maneuverability requirements. The company didn’t share the Y94jsYfy0FI-00004-00002329-00002818 dimensions and the endurance of the USV due to the confidentiality concerns, but available Y94jsYfy0FI-00005-00002818-00003292 data suggests that the vessels optimal speed is 12 knots and it can exceed a top speed Y94jsYfy0FI-00006-00003292-00003930 36 knots. In addition, MARLIN is rather large, with a length of about 15 meters and a large Y94jsYfy0FI-00007-00003930-00004514 payload capacity. MARLIN’s special hull form, propulsion system, and auxiliaries, Y94jsYfy0FI-00008-00004514-00005073 allow it to operate up to Sea State 4 (and navigate in rough seas up to Sea State 5). Y94jsYfy0FI-00009-00005073-00005628 It can be configured as an anti-surface warfare (ASUW) with guided missiles, and anti-submarine Y94jsYfy0FI-00010-00005628-00006248 warfare (ASW) with torpedoes. According to SEFINE, MARLIN can easily be Y94jsYfy0FI-00011-00006248-00007029 fitted with different types of payloads (SSM, Torpedo, EW, Sonobuoy, SATCOM, LOS Communication, Y94jsYfy0FI-00012-00007029-00007503 Underwater communication…) in order to meet operational needs with both monohull and trimaran Y94jsYfy0FI-00013-00007503-00007895 hull forms as well as optimized for endurance figures. Y94jsYfy0FI-00014-00007895-00008479 Turkish SEFİNE Shipyard and ASELSAN unveiled the brand-new MARLIN USVin two NATO exercises Y94jsYfy0FI-00015-00008479-00009026 in the second half of September 2022.This was the first Turkish participation in the Y94jsYfy0FI-00016-00009026-00009533 Portuguese-led (Robotic Experimentation and Prototyping Exercise Augmented By Maritime Y94jsYfy0FI-00017-00009533-00010013 Unmanned Systems) exercise, and the two companies demonstrated the capabilities of their ambitious Y94jsYfy0FI-00018-00010013-00010403 design. Dynamic Messenger 22 was focused upon the Y94jsYfy0FI-00019-00010403-00010872 integration of MUS Capabilities into NATO maritime operations at sea based around the Y94jsYfy0FI-00020-00010872-00011377 two NATO Standing Naval Task Groups, Standing Naval Maritime Group 1 and Standing Naval Y94jsYfy0FI-00021-00011377-00012027 Mine Countermeasures Group 1. Dynamic Messenger 22 is also known as the first ever Naval Exercise Y94jsYfy0FI-00022-00012027-00012437 which is executed with the combination of manned and unmanned platforms at the same Y94jsYfy0FI-00023-00012437-00012439 time. Y9DaohYgkQE-00000-00000672-00001265 When disaster or emergency strike that cause major damage to your home ow work place such Y9DaohYgkQE-00001-00001265-00001873 as fire or flooding, naturally you want to restore you property to its original state. Y9DaohYgkQE-00002-00001873-00002441 So, if you are looking for the best professional, reliable and affordable fire or water damage Y9DaohYgkQE-00003-00002441-00002565 restoration repair company. Y9DaohYgkQE-00004-00002565-00002776 You've come to the right place. Y9DaohYgkQE-00005-00002776-00003227 We are proud to be the premier local restoration repair company and customer Y9DaohYgkQE-00006-00003227-00003547 satisfaction is our #1 priority. Y9DaohYgkQE-00007-00003547-00003889 We are fully licensed and insured and our restoration repair Y9DaohYgkQE-00008-00003889-00004472 specialists have years of experience dealing with every type of situation you can imagine. Y9DaohYgkQE-00009-00004472-00006262 So contact us now and let us help put your property back the way it was. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00000-00001026-00001544 Participant: I remember… I was in UK for two months and I didn’t know that there was a water problem Y9bhJvriD8Q-00001-00001544-00002070 and I came home three-four days ago and my sister told me that… she told me don’t use the shower, Y9bhJvriD8Q-00002-00002070-00002834 use the bucket of water, you know, it’s… I have… so many of us are unaware of situations Y9bhJvriD8Q-00003-00002834-00003342 and can you throw some light on how this has happened and what we can do. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00004-00003342-00004360 Sadhguru: The most basic ignorance about rivers is people think river is a source of water Y9bhJvriD8Q-00005-00004360-00004841 or a well is a source of water or a pond or a lake is a source of water. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00006-00004841-00005459 In a tropical country, it is not a source of water, it is only a destination for water. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00007-00005459-00006224 There is only one source of water for us, which is the monsoon rain – that’s the only place from where water is coming. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00008-00006224-00006792 So the rain that comes down, which normally happens to us in this country, Y9bhJvriD8Q-00009-00006792-00007506 somewhere between forty-five to sixty days’ maximum in a year, rain pours down on us. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00010-00007506-00007871 A huge volume of water comes down. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00011-00007871-00008814 When this comes down, our ability to hold it in the soil will determine how many days in a year will the rivers flow. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00012-00008814-00009461 If we hold it, then it flows three hundred and sixty-five days. If we do not hold it, it will run away Y9bhJvriD8Q-00013-00009461-00009880 within the next fifty or hundred days and that’s why it’s going dry right now. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00014-00009880-00010400 So what allows us to hold the water, the only and only thing is vegetation. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00015-00010400-00010592 There is no rocket science to this. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00016-00010592-00011148 This has been my main mission across the world, including United Nations, our Government, Central Government, Y9bhJvriD8Q-00017-00011148-00011927 all the states, we convinced them you cannot hold water in a dam, check dam, barrage all these things. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00018-00011927-00012879 These are all okay for usage, but you cannot really enhance water like this. The only way you can hold it is by vegetation. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00019-00012879-00013775 When I say vegetation or let’s say forest, the possibility of increasing the forest cover is impossible in India. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00020-00013775-00014520 We are 1.3 billion people, it’s estimated by 2030, we will be 1.5 billion people. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00021-00014520-00015000 So there is too much pressure on the land. There is no way to increase the forest cover. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00022-00015000-00015759 The only other way is to go for agroforestry, that we use forest as a livelihood for ourselves. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00023-00015759-00016245 We grow forest for wealth. We grow forest for economic reasons. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00024-00016245-00016910 See right now to assist the farmer to shift to agroforestry there are a few things to happen. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00025-00016910-00017370 One thing is the saplings, large scale development of saplings. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00026-00017370-00018507 We are looking at in twelve years to plant two-hundred- and-forty-two crore trees, that is 2.42 billion trees. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00027-00018507-00019742 If you want to do something so massive, it needs a very organized effort and it needs a certain agility, which normally… I’m… Y9bhJvriD8Q-00028-00019742-00020624 I am not trying to criticize anybody, but normally the state governments don’t have such an agile machinery to act. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00029-00020624-00021418 So in Tamil Nadu, we have about thirty-two nurseries spread across Tamil Nadu. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00030-00021418-00021933 We have planted over thirty-five million trees in the last eighteen years. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00031-00021933-00022605 All on our own steam, that is no government help, no nothing, just as a movement, people’s movement. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00032-00022605-00023318 Now this needs to scale up big time, so we have clear-cut plans how to multiply this. Today, there is tissue culture. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00033-00023318-00023948 We have all the technologies, everything you know we have assimilated all these things properly. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00034-00023948-00025006 The reason why we are doing many (Audio cut) including this is, without a large scale people’s involvement, this is not going to happen. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00035-00025006-00025304 This is not a single-handed job. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00036-00025304-00025989 This is not just my work or your work or somebody else who is here. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00037-00025989-00026245 This is a generational work. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00038-00026245-00026936 As a generation of people, we have taken the largest bite out of this planet. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00039-00026936-00027445 Never before another generation has consumed as much as we have. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00040-00027445-00028199 So, I am just thinking before I fall dead, let’s fix to whatever extent we can so that Y9bhJvriD8Q-00041-00028199-00028690 the future generations don’t look back and see we were the most irresponsible generation Y9bhJvriD8Q-00042-00028690-00028830 ever. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00043-00028830-00029161 In a way, we are, unfortunately. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00044-00029161-00029863 Because the way I saw Cauvery fifty years ago or let’s put it this way, the way the Y9bhJvriD8Q-00045-00029863-00030660 previous generations gave Cauvery to us and how it is today, if we hand it over like this, Y9bhJvriD8Q-00046-00030660-00030999 this means we are a disastrous generation. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00047-00030999-00031320 So I want to see that we are not a disastrous generation. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00048-00031320-00031722 We will fix it to whatever extent we can. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00049-00031722-00032427 Nobody should say we have not done what we should have done, because in our lives, if Y9bhJvriD8Q-00050-00032427-00032966 we do not do what we cannot do, there is no problem; but if we do not do what we can do, Y9bhJvriD8Q-00051-00032966-00033140 we are a disaster. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00052-00033140-00033380 So I don’t want to be that disaster. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00053-00033380-00033937 I want to ensure none of these people, the people of this generation are not a disaster Y9bhJvriD8Q-00054-00033937-00034234 that we will do everything we can do. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00055-00034234-00034877 But the important action that is needed right now is this that we need to raise seventy-two Y9bhJvriD8Q-00056-00034877-00035225 crore saplings in the next four years. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00057-00035225-00035752 Four years, this plantation must happen means in two years we must raise, in four years Y9bhJvriD8Q-00058-00035752-00035980 the plantation must be over. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00059-00035980-00036300 Then only the twelve-year plan that we have, we will go by that. Y9bhJvriD8Q-00060-00036300-00036891 See at this stage in my life, twelve-year plan is not a good plan, but I have taken Y9bhJvriD8Q-00061-00036891-00037413 this, don’t make it twenty years, please make it twelve years, so that the last part Y9bhJvriD8Q-00062-00037413-00037803 of my life I can golf around a little bit and goof around also a little bit. YqIa6HB24B0-00000-00001992-00002624 Hello and welcome to Adventure Is Ours I am Vic and we are today here in the small town YqIa6HB24B0-00001-00002624-00003328 of Eltville along the Rhine river. It's a famous town for two things number one YqIa6HB24B0-00002-00003328-00004024 for its wine of course we're in the wine region and also for the roses that's why it's called YqIa6HB24B0-00003-00004088-00004816 the rose town let's have a look. So Zia lead the way ok YqIa6HB24B0-00004-00005224-00006152 So this is a very old town and you can see at once those half timbered houses ,you can see how YqIa6HB24B0-00005-00006264-00006992 low they are that's really typical in the middle ages people were shorter back then as they are now YqIa6HB24B0-00006-00007168-00007800 you can see me I can reach already at the top of the door. You see some left over the castle YqIa6HB24B0-00007-00008216-00009096 and the famous Rhine river a lot of roses. Roses are considered as the queen of all flowers YqIa6HB24B0-00008-00009208-00009984 many different kind of roses different colours different sizes and some smell terrific YqIa6HB24B0-00009-00010080-00010728 at the back you see the MM that is Mattheus Mueller and that is a factory for champagne YqIa6HB24B0-00010-00011168-00011792 As you can see here this tower was built in 1332 YqIa6HB24B0-00011-00011984-00012968 long time ago 1332 and that was built during the time of the Black Death YqIa6HB24B0-00012-00013176-00013832 Black Death is the Bubonic Plague which was brought by the fleas YqIa6HB24B0-00013-00013944-00014576 and the fleas were brought by the rats and the rats came from East Asia from China YqIa6HB24B0-00014-00014784-00015584 that's how three-quarters of the population in Europe died three quarters of Bubonic Plague. YqIa6HB24B0-00015-00015784-00016144 And they built these ramparts in order to protect this village YqIa6HB24B0-00016-00016144-00016984 against the plague but of course it didn't help YqIa6HB24B0-00017-00017488-00018304 so here we are the Rhine river and this is the biggest river in Germany and the widest. YqIa6HB24B0-00018-00018304-00018720 Here across it's only an island it continues on the other side YqIa6HB24B0-00019-00018808-00019408 but the Rhine is the biggest river in Germany that's why they call it Vater Rhein Father Rhine YqIa6HB24B0-00020-00019768-00020112 Here you have some free books you can exchange your old books to new books, YqIa6HB24B0-00021-00020184-00020536 if you don't want to read any more your books look for another one put yours back YqIa6HB24B0-00022-00020624-00020832 there you go people exchange their books YqIa6HB24B0-00023-00021088-00021904 Here you can see the Mattheus Mueller beautiful garden I've never been inside hopefully one time YqIa6HB24B0-00024-00021904-00022635 I can go and you can see it says Villa G.H. conn Mumm YqIa6HB24B0-00025-00022635-00023016 Mumm is a family that has many companies many factories YqIa6HB24B0-00026-00023088-00023984 for making champagne one called also Mumm YqIa6HB24B0-00027-00024952-00025588 So now we're going to see the outsides of the Gutenberg tower. I'll YqIa6HB24B0-00028-00025664-00026239 post a picture so you can see how it looks like because at the moment it's being renovated. YqIa6HB24B0-00029-00026424-00027216 Why it's called the Gutenberg tower because Gutenberg used to live here. Gutenberg was YqIa6HB24B0-00030-00027280-00028183 named the man of the millennium in the year 2000. So for the millennium between 1000 2000 YqIa6HB24B0-00031-00028295-00029632 Gutenberg is named the man of the millennium why that because he invented the mobile press. Now YqIa6HB24B0-00032-00029632-00030336 he didn't invent the press itself it was by the Chinese but he invented the mobile press in which YqIa6HB24B0-00033-00030448-00031392 every letter was separated and you can form text. Through this, people were able to write books. And YqIa6HB24B0-00034-00031392-00032039 only the churches and the cloisters had the opportunity to read the bible so the people YqIa6HB24B0-00035-00032160-00032880 didn't know how to read and write and especially the knowledge wasn't able to be spread out but YqIa6HB24B0-00036-00032880-00034016 through Gutenberg finally books were able to be printed out in much faster way and many copies YqIa6HB24B0-00037-00034120-00035048 and that's how for him finally knowledge was able to be spread out and everybody had a chance to get YqIa6HB24B0-00038-00035048-00035760 to that knowledge and they printed books with everything about science and all kinds of other YqIa6HB24B0-00039-00035760-00036552 things. The man the millennium he worked though in Mainz. I'll go there next time and you'll see the YqIa6HB24B0-00040-00036552-00037216 place where he was printing books. Once again here the Rhine river, all the way to the bottom is, YqIa6HB24B0-00041-00037304-00038072 down there to the end that's is Wiesbaden and across is a villa of a rich man on the island YqIa6HB24B0-00042-00038512-00039288 In front of us you can see a very very old press. That's how they pressed before YqIa6HB24B0-00043-00039376-00039784 the grapes to get the grape juice and then make wine out of it YqIa6HB24B0-00044-00040064-00040176 Let's go inside YqIa6HB24B0-00045-00040528-00042184 Aas you can see this was built in the year 1329 Middle Ages YqIa6HB24B0-00046-00042576-00043584 So... YqIa6HB24B0-00047-00044192-00044984 all this what you can see are all roses, different kind of roses YqIa6HB24B0-00048-00045536-00046520 we have hanging roses, tall rose.s short roses, different kind of colors, different sizes YqIa6HB24B0-00049-00046912-00047072 roses that go up the wall. YqIa6HB24B0-00050-00047480-00047968 Too bad is not at the moment in full bloom. Oh this is nice YqIa6HB24B0-00051-00048296-00048968 I'm gonna walk now up these stairs going towards the Gutenberg tower. YqIa6HB24B0-00052-00049152-00049688 Here you can see those kind of holes typical for every castle YqIa6HB24B0-00053-00049824-00050616 and they are meant for the guards so they can observe and they put their guns the rifles and YqIa6HB24B0-00054-00050616-00051440 they shoot and because it's a very small hole the chance for them to get shot is very small YqIa6HB24B0-00055-00051800-00053384 Passageway, with all those walls where all the guards used to stand and to protect YqIa6HB24B0-00056-00055736-00056416 And there you go again more roses, old rose YqIa6HB24B0-00057-00057167-00058176 Romanza Rose, there's a crawling rose. Into the old town so we can see all YqIa6HB24B0-00058-00058176-00060384 those half-timbered houses and cobblestone streets. Here we go house building 1365. YqIa6HB24B0-00059-00061296-00062055 So we can see flowers in this stone containers this is sandstone red sandstone very typical here, YqIa6HB24B0-00060-00062167-00062976 very small streets as you can see it's not flat it's going down on this side and going YqIa6HB24B0-00061-00062976-00063528 down this side for purpose so that if it rains the water will come out on the sides. YqIa6HB24B0-00062-00063624-00064328 Not only the water but in the middle ages they had no bathrooms they used to use the chamber pots YqIa6HB24B0-00063-00064416-00065016 and they throw everything what's inside the chamber pots out of the window and down here YqIa6HB24B0-00064-00065224-00066240 So it used to stink a lot. Built in 1434.. It's a very nice part YqIa6HB24B0-00065-00066584-00067384 and here you can see again the beautiful old medieval houses look at that this is really nice YqIa6HB24B0-00066-00067456-00067944 really really nice not even nicer in Rothenburg YqIa6HB24B0-00067-00068408-00068784 One of the most beautiful corners. YqIa6HB24B0-00068-00069648-00070528 There's a restaurant over there it's like you're back in the middle ages YqIa6HB24B0-00069-00070816-00071584 and those half timbered houses have also decorations you see, something long forgotten YqIa6HB24B0-00070-00072784-00073456 what comes out of the basket, a vine with its grapes YqIa6HB24B0-00071-00073784-00074384 Roses and half timbered houses YqIa6HB24B0-00072-00074752-00075352 So here is nice to see a half timbered house being renovated you can see the wooden planks YqIa6HB24B0-00073-00075520-00076128 and putting away so it's gonna hold, in between it was straw and mud. YqIa6HB24B0-00074-00076400-00077464 Now, to renovate, because straw and mud doesn't hold forever, in this case bricks YqIa6HB24B0-00075-00077680-00078008 and inside you can see also all those YqIa6HB24B0-00076-00078008-00078584 planks YqIa6HB24B0-00077-00078824-00079984 16th century YqIa6HB24B0-00078-00081032-00081864 This house here was built in the 16th century and it was a public bath house. In those days people YqIa6HB24B0-00079-00081864-00082544 didn't have bathrooms didn't have anywhere to take a shower or a bath so we had a public place YqIa6HB24B0-00080-00082544-00083088 to take a bath. Even here this house also ia a half timbered house you cannot see it from the YqIa6HB24B0-00081-00083088-00083632 outside but there's a crack over there and you can see those planks and little bricks YqIa6HB24B0-00082-00083752-00084472 it's a half timbered house as well it was being renovated it looks like that. Duck fountain. YqIa6HB24B0-00083-00085472-00086200 So this was a very quick outing here in Eltville, small town middle age town YqIa6HB24B0-00084-00086288-00086872 famous for its wine especially for the roses and because the famous Gutenberg YqIa6HB24B0-00085-00086976-00087672 inventor of the mobile press was living here. We hope you enjoyed this small quick tour YqIa6HB24B0-00086-00087840-00088224 hope to see you again in the next video take care of yourself until then don't forget YqIa6HB24B0-00087-00088280-00089784 subscribe now to Adventure In Ours. Bye! YvwnYoyQnjQ-00000-00000012-00000666 While ILL services are mostly free for our users there are occasions when you may be YvwnYoyQnjQ-00001-00000666-00001302 billed for ILL services. You might have received an invoice either because you submitted a rush YvwnYoyQnjQ-00002-00001302-00002039 request that was delivered within 24 hours of submission, or because you exceeded our rule YvwnYoyQnjQ-00003-00002039-00002922 of 15 within every six month period. Any requests that surpass our free 15 article allowance will be YvwnYoyQnjQ-00004-00002922-00003618 charged ten dollars per request. Users will be notified of any charges prior to being billed. YvwnYoyQnjQ-00005-00003702-00004284 If you're not sure why you received an invoice or want to understand the charges please consult YvwnYoyQnjQ-00006-00004284-00005406 our research guide page about charges and billing or contact us at mlbdoc@gwu.edu. YvwnYoyQnjQ-00007-00005520-00006132 There are multiple ways to pay your invoice you may write a check payable to Himmelfarb Library, YvwnYoyQnjQ-00008-00006132-00006894 or you can remit payment electronically via the GW Touchnet portal which can be found here YvwnYoyQnjQ-00009-00006959-00007656 on the Documents2Go research guide, or here on the Documents2Go main page. YvwnYoyQnjQ-00010-00007656-00008334 Simply enter the payment amount shown on the invoice and click add to cart. YvwnYoyQnjQ-00011-00008562-00009144 From there enter your contact and payment information and click submit. YvwnYoyQnjQ-00012-00010896-00011364 Confirm that the information is correct and click checkout. YvwnYoyQnjQ-00013-00011598-00012294 Please provide your email address so we can send you a payment receipt. All transactions are secure YvwnYoyQnjQ-00014-00012294-00012906 and managed through the George Washington University finance division. If you have YvwnYoyQnjQ-00015-00012906-00014184 any questions about the payment process or about your invoice please contact us at mlbdoc@gwu.edu. YyHGy_lruXQ-00000-00000704-00000929 Now come here. YyHGy_lruXQ-00001-00002460-00002724 It is very kind of you. YyHGy_lruXQ-00002-00004367-00004605 You are most kind. YyHGy_lruXQ-00003-00006195-00006441 What does all this mean? YyHGy_lruXQ-00004-00008011-00008243 Get out and play. YyHGy_lruXQ-00005-00009918-00010195 What on earth does this mean? YyHGy_lruXQ-00006-00011697-00011916 She went on. YyHGy_lruXQ-00007-00012995-00013214 Put it on. YyHGy_lruXQ-00008-00014682-00014938 Much good that would be. YyHGy_lruXQ-00009-00016608-00016856 It is the same thing. YyHGy_lruXQ-00010-00018904-00019204 do you come from the end of the world? YyHGy_lruXQ-00011-00021390-00021636 How can you find out? YyHGy_lruXQ-00012-00023287-00023587 Very well, he said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00013-00025291-00025547 In what part of the house? YyHGy_lruXQ-00014-00027289-00027535 Do you think she was? YyHGy_lruXQ-00015-00029047-00029272 What does he mean? YyHGy_lruXQ-00016-00030758-00030996 What does it all mean? YyHGy_lruXQ-00017-00032519-00032738 What is your name? YyHGy_lruXQ-00018-00034355-00034601 Will you take me to her? YyHGy_lruXQ-00019-00036212-00036432 Do you think so? YyHGy_lruXQ-00020-00038206-00038485 You will get on in the world. YyHGy_lruXQ-00021-00040165-00040371 And where is it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00022-00041698-00041936 It is all the same. YyHGy_lruXQ-00023-00043354-00043611 He is at my house. YyHGy_lruXQ-00024-00044963-00045183 But where is he? YyHGy_lruXQ-00025-00046351-00046570 Try it on. YyHGy_lruXQ-00026-00048103-00048383 How long have you been here? YyHGy_lruXQ-00027-00050209-00050455 How does she use you? YyHGy_lruXQ-00028-00052163-00052400 What have you been after? YyHGy_lruXQ-00029-00053937-00054156 Is it all right? YyHGy_lruXQ-00030-00055786-00056031 What do you want me to do? YyHGy_lruXQ-00031-00057871-00058116 Where did you place it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00032-00059608-00059814 But where is it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00033-00061300-00061533 And what do you think? YyHGy_lruXQ-00034-00063565-00063842 Do you want me to go and tell him? YyHGy_lruXQ-00035-00065587-00065794 Look at me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00036-00067134-00067398 This is the first act. YyHGy_lruXQ-00037-00068821-00069059 He was so kind. YyHGy_lruXQ-00038-00070410-00070634 Why did he come? YyHGy_lruXQ-00039-00072141-00072387 What is in your hand? YyHGy_lruXQ-00040-00074006-00074244 Think what you will. YyHGy_lruXQ-00041-00075817-00076065 She had to tell him. YyHGy_lruXQ-00042-00077583-00077821 Are you at it again? YyHGy_lruXQ-00043-00079448-00079672 And do you know why? YyHGy_lruXQ-00044-00081833-00082152 And how in the world did you find them? YyHGy_lruXQ-00045-00084234-00084479 And what was his name? YyHGy_lruXQ-00046-00085900-00086177 Three, he said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00047-00087384-00087603 Go and try. YyHGy_lruXQ-00048-00088941-00089165 Where have you been? YyHGy_lruXQ-00049-00090910-00091159 What would you have me do? YyHGy_lruXQ-00050-00093076-00093322 But who was your mother? YyHGy_lruXQ-00051-00094836-00095051 They are here. YyHGy_lruXQ-00052-00096257-00096472 Where are you? YyHGy_lruXQ-00053-00097898-00098130 Tell us all about it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00054-00099693-00099988 Come with me, then. YyHGy_lruXQ-00055-00101500-00101796 Read that, she said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00056-00103316-00103572 Now we see the light. YyHGy_lruXQ-00057-00105079-00105304 Who will tell her? YyHGy_lruXQ-00058-00106748-00106981 How old was she? YyHGy_lruXQ-00059-00108394-00108619 Where does he live? YyHGy_lruXQ-00060-00110074-00110306 Where have they been? YyHGy_lruXQ-00061-00111636-00111850 In what year? YyHGy_lruXQ-00062-00113020-00113284 No, mother. YyHGy_lruXQ-00063-00114635-00114930 Take some, she said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00064-00116549-00116795 Where did he come from? YyHGy_lruXQ-00065-00118203-00118417 Is she well? YyHGy_lruXQ-00066-00119679-00119904 Which house is it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00067-00121513-00121800 There is no one here to see. YyHGy_lruXQ-00068-00123882-00124190 I would like to see her again in that. YyHGy_lruXQ-00069-00126042-00126275 Large or small? YyHGy_lruXQ-00070-00128224-00128542 It was now his turn to look about him. YyHGy_lruXQ-00071-00130737-00131001 The world is before you. YyHGy_lruXQ-00072-00132599-00132855 There she is again. YyHGy_lruXQ-00073-00134650-00134937 What did you say your name was? YyHGy_lruXQ-00074-00137102-00137382 What do they say was the cause? YyHGy_lruXQ-00075-00139145-00139383 Give me my work. YyHGy_lruXQ-00076-00140898-00141136 That is the end of her. YyHGy_lruXQ-00077-00143210-00143586 You are a man, and it is a man we want. YyHGy_lruXQ-00078-00145522-00145755 It is very high. YyHGy_lruXQ-00079-00147071-00147348 this one, too? YyHGy_lruXQ-00080-00148769-00149017 And where is this man? YyHGy_lruXQ-00081-00150898-00151206 But it is just so with the world. YyHGy_lruXQ-00082-00153071-00153304 And what is her name? YyHGy_lruXQ-00083-00154764-00155051 Ask her, he said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00084-00157162-00157543 But if that is so, what is there to live for? YyHGy_lruXQ-00085-00159816-00160062 Are they like each other? YyHGy_lruXQ-00086-00161598-00161822 Been back long? YyHGy_lruXQ-00087-00163238-00163457 How much are they? YyHGy_lruXQ-00088-00164897-00165143 Take this and this. YyHGy_lruXQ-00089-00166673-00166950 Now it was time to act. YyHGy_lruXQ-00090-00168672-00168920 When will he come back? YyHGy_lruXQ-00091-00170534-00170767 And they went home. YyHGy_lruXQ-00092-00172136-00172350 You are right. YyHGy_lruXQ-00093-00174061-00174348 Is there no one who can help me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00094-00176406-00176670 He said that that would help. YyHGy_lruXQ-00095-00178374-00178718 One, two, three. YyHGy_lruXQ-00096-00180270-00180526 The first act was over. YyHGy_lruXQ-00097-00182430-00182775 That is right, said the old man. YyHGy_lruXQ-00098-00184609-00184841 Say what you want. YyHGy_lruXQ-00099-00186254-00186500 Very well then. YyHGy_lruXQ-00100-00188326-00188639 Well, what do you think about it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00101-00190701-00190946 How much do you want? YyHGy_lruXQ-00102-00192741-00192997 And that was the end of it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00103-00194590-00194810 Can you take me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00104-00196137-00196351 They want more. YyHGy_lruXQ-00105-00197840-00198078 But what did you want? YyHGy_lruXQ-00106-00199728-00200008 Well, how are you? YyHGy_lruXQ-00107-00202229-00202566 Will you give this to the old man over there? YyHGy_lruXQ-00108-00204624-00204838 At your house? YyHGy_lruXQ-00109-00206275-00206512 Tell me all about it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00110-00208485-00208785 They had all been very good to us. YyHGy_lruXQ-00111-00210830-00211076 How did that help you? YyHGy_lruXQ-00112-00212581-00212844 Well, read it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00113-00214146-00214391 Here is my hand. YyHGy_lruXQ-00114-00215627-00215852 Now tell me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00115-00217369-00217633 What on earth do you mean? YyHGy_lruXQ-00116-00219313-00219537 How old are you? YyHGy_lruXQ-00117-00220940-00221165 What did he say? YyHGy_lruXQ-00118-00222500-00222719 And why is that? YyHGy_lruXQ-00119-00223986-00224200 take them all. YyHGy_lruXQ-00120-00225352-00225566 Where is she? YyHGy_lruXQ-00121-00226927-00227173 You see it every day. YyHGy_lruXQ-00122-00228544-00228758 This for me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00123-00230295-00230582 But he does so need a mother. YyHGy_lruXQ-00124-00232264-00232497 Come and help me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00125-00233873-00234106 And off we go. YyHGy_lruXQ-00126-00235367-00235582 Come with me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00127-00237019-00237274 But where are we to go? YyHGy_lruXQ-00128-00238952-00239200 That is just my point. YyHGy_lruXQ-00129-00240994-00241295 There is no place like home. YyHGy_lruXQ-00130-00243238-00243486 Can you point it out to me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00131-00245284-00245597 And where is she, then? YyHGy_lruXQ-00132-00247096-00247334 Is it you or me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00133-00248899-00249144 Have you been here long? YyHGy_lruXQ-00134-00250790-00251038 She came up to them. YyHGy_lruXQ-00135-00252720-00253016 Why, what do you mean? YyHGy_lruXQ-00136-00254930-00255187 Then they will follow you? YyHGy_lruXQ-00137-00257169-00257415 And what about your mother? YyHGy_lruXQ-00138-00259076-00259314 Who are these men? YyHGy_lruXQ-00139-00260659-00260884 Is it any good? YyHGy_lruXQ-00140-00262430-00262663 Are you here for good? YyHGy_lruXQ-00141-00264724-00265032 It is now my turn to ask you why? YyHGy_lruXQ-00142-00267289-00267602 Here is the way we put in the time. YyHGy_lruXQ-00143-00269334-00269554 What is his name? YyHGy_lruXQ-00144-00271098-00271336 How did you get me out? YyHGy_lruXQ-00145-00273172-00273405 What do you think of her? YyHGy_lruXQ-00146-00275471-00275766 How could she say such a thing. YyHGy_lruXQ-00147-00277662-00277887 What will you say? YyHGy_lruXQ-00148-00279452-00279700 Only two there now. YyHGy_lruXQ-00149-00281288-00281544 He was at work again. YyHGy_lruXQ-00150-00283370-00283647 You are all very kind to me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00151-00285797-00286123 Call me what you will, he said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00152-00287928-00288143 Tell me about it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00153-00289587-00289833 Is there some for me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00154-00291230-00291518 See, here it is. YyHGy_lruXQ-00155-00293124-00293362 Why do you want to know? YyHGy_lruXQ-00156-00295716-00296047 What could set you off in the first place? YyHGy_lruXQ-00157-00298234-00298482 Is that all you want? YyHGy_lruXQ-00158-00300190-00300454 Think no more about that. YyHGy_lruXQ-00159-00302319-00302552 What do you think of this? YyHGy_lruXQ-00160-00304396-00304634 Why do you want water? YyHGy_lruXQ-00161-00306102-00306316 Just like me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00162-00307656-00307902 And where is he now? YyHGy_lruXQ-00163-00309552-00309822 We are who we say we are. YyHGy_lruXQ-00164-00311334-00311554 Do it for me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00165-00313001-00313246 Where are you off to? YyHGy_lruXQ-00166-00314947-00315297 Why, what is it, then? YyHGy_lruXQ-00167-00317084-00317397 Good day, one and all. YyHGy_lruXQ-00168-00319163-00319408 Too much for me now. YyHGy_lruXQ-00169-00320905-00321130 Where is he now? YyHGy_lruXQ-00170-00322525-00322763 Then what kind is it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00171-00324461-00324693 What do you think of him? YyHGy_lruXQ-00172-00326433-00326679 That was very good. YyHGy_lruXQ-00173-00328277-00328515 Where do they get that? YyHGy_lruXQ-00174-00329860-00330075 We are here. YyHGy_lruXQ-00175-00331221-00331446 For some man. YyHGy_lruXQ-00176-00332846-00333084 You must come now. YyHGy_lruXQ-00177-00334784-00335009 Do you want me to do it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00178-00336576-00336814 She has a house? YyHGy_lruXQ-00179-00338316-00338561 And where was the place? YyHGy_lruXQ-00180-00340199-00340447 But what does it mean? YyHGy_lruXQ-00181-00342211-00342475 And have you been here long? YyHGy_lruXQ-00182-00344330-00344585 where did she come from? YyHGy_lruXQ-00183-00346195-00346409 Just look at her. YyHGy_lruXQ-00184-00348608-00348977 For now the only thing we can do is go home. YyHGy_lruXQ-00185-00351327-00351584 You can say what it is. YyHGy_lruXQ-00186-00353310-00353556 You are a good boy. YyHGy_lruXQ-00187-00355282-00355551 It will take a little time. YyHGy_lruXQ-00188-00357033-00357265 Say no more. YyHGy_lruXQ-00189-00358678-00358911 How did you get here? YyHGy_lruXQ-00190-00360679-00360927 And how did you find out? YyHGy_lruXQ-00191-00362610-00362829 How does he use it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00192-00364509-00364773 What was it you said to me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00193-00366513-00366761 There is more to tell. YyHGy_lruXQ-00194-00368302-00368550 We must come back. YyHGy_lruXQ-00195-00369909-00370128 Think it over. YyHGy_lruXQ-00196-00371264-00371465 It is great. YyHGy_lruXQ-00197-00372826-00373074 There is the little boy. YyHGy_lruXQ-00198-00374963-00375243 Can you help me find my way? YyHGy_lruXQ-00199-00377147-00377442 Well, and is that all? YyHGy_lruXQ-00200-00378957-00379221 Good, he said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00201-00380715-00380963 There was work to do. YyHGy_lruXQ-00202-00382314-00382539 Here she is. YyHGy_lruXQ-00203-00383910-00384148 Why are you like this? YyHGy_lruXQ-00204-00385587-00385812 He will live. YyHGy_lruXQ-00205-00387194-00387457 There was no one near. YyHGy_lruXQ-00206-00388999-00389223 How can you tell? YyHGy_lruXQ-00207-00390744-00390982 He will ask for it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00208-00392405-00392638 Tell me his name. YyHGy_lruXQ-00209-00393923-00394129 You think so? YyHGy_lruXQ-00210-00395621-00395890 Show me the way he went. YyHGy_lruXQ-00211-00397402-00397679 Well, go on. YyHGy_lruXQ-00212-00399079-00399317 He went on his way. YyHGy_lruXQ-00213-00400989-00401308 Follow me, said the man. YyHGy_lruXQ-00214-00402891-00403129 It was high time. YyHGy_lruXQ-00215-00404688-00404944 But why do you ask me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00216-00406752-00407047 There, that does me good. YyHGy_lruXQ-00217-00409163-00409442 How can you think of such a thing? YyHGy_lruXQ-00218-00411273-00411493 He went to him. YyHGy_lruXQ-00219-00413183-00413452 What a good thing it would be. YyHGy_lruXQ-00220-00415176-00415455 Where to, now? YyHGy_lruXQ-00221-00417159-00417423 And what will they do with us? YyHGy_lruXQ-00222-00419235-00419460 Good day to you. YyHGy_lruXQ-00223-00421265-00421542 Now where did they come from? YyHGy_lruXQ-00224-00423172-00423386 Get to work. YyHGy_lruXQ-00225-00424700-00424925 You were near him. YyHGy_lruXQ-00226-00426516-00426785 Then will come our time. YyHGy_lruXQ-00227-00428279-00428543 Well, did he? YyHGy_lruXQ-00228-00430001-00430270 There will just be time. YyHGy_lruXQ-00229-00431842-00432137 Here it is, he said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00230-00433454-00433668 Give him air. YyHGy_lruXQ-00231-00435311-00435606 Come with me to the little house. YyHGy_lruXQ-00232-00437479-00437725 Too much in the way. YyHGy_lruXQ-00233-00439209-00439488 Now, go home. YyHGy_lruXQ-00234-00441395-00441682 What do you want to ask these people? YyHGy_lruXQ-00235-00443629-00443877 He said too much. YyHGy_lruXQ-00236-00445755-00446074 Some day you may ask me about it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00237-00447895-00448127 Give me a light. YyHGy_lruXQ-00238-00449723-00449971 What do you mean by that? YyHGy_lruXQ-00239-00451881-00452145 What did you say that for? YyHGy_lruXQ-00240-00453699-00453905 Is that right? YyHGy_lruXQ-00241-00455590-00455904 Now, what do you want with me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00242-00457797-00458061 That was a good time. YyHGy_lruXQ-00243-00459864-00460120 What will each of you give? YyHGy_lruXQ-00244-00462635-00462967 Would you now like to look round my place? YyHGy_lruXQ-00245-00465198-00465431 Where could he be? YyHGy_lruXQ-00246-00466818-00467050 Who is that man? YyHGy_lruXQ-00247-00468466-00468712 there are only two. YyHGy_lruXQ-00248-00469965-00470180 Here it is. YyHGy_lruXQ-00249-00471520-00471820 Well, how did it go? YyHGy_lruXQ-00250-00473432-00473664 Get out of the way. YyHGy_lruXQ-00251-00475062-00475281 Show it to me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00252-00476506-00476775 No, tell me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00253-00478215-00478452 Do you think so now? YyHGy_lruXQ-00254-00480017-00480237 What do they want? YyHGy_lruXQ-00255-00481616-00481916 Move on, then. YyHGy_lruXQ-00256-00483923-00484254 Now what is it that you came to me to say? YyHGy_lruXQ-00257-00486430-00486676 Then why are you here? YyHGy_lruXQ-00258-00488131-00488363 Why is he here? YyHGy_lruXQ-00259-00489957-00490221 It must be where you put it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00260-00492054-00492368 Well then, tell him so. YyHGy_lruXQ-00261-00493781-00493995 He was here. YyHGy_lruXQ-00262-00495272-00495479 What do you want? YyHGy_lruXQ-00263-00496944-00497232 Read that, he said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00264-00498750-00498998 And what did she say? YyHGy_lruXQ-00265-00500495-00500719 You must tell me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00266-00501986-00502201 To what end? YyHGy_lruXQ-00267-00503564-00503833 You think so, too? YyHGy_lruXQ-00268-00505361-00505630 Well, all right. YyHGy_lruXQ-00269-00507315-00507584 She was the cause of it all. YyHGy_lruXQ-00270-00509256-00509502 All in good time. YyHGy_lruXQ-00271-00511181-00511450 What does she think about me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00272-00513182-00513483 Give it to me, then. YyHGy_lruXQ-00273-00515008-00515304 After three, he said. YyHGy_lruXQ-00274-00516761-00516993 What was his name? YyHGy_lruXQ-00275-00518347-00518571 For how much? YyHGy_lruXQ-00276-00519998-00520243 He has more to give. YyHGy_lruXQ-00277-00521797-00522012 How do you take it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00278-00523451-00523676 But he is right. YyHGy_lruXQ-00279-00524951-00525175 Turn this way. YyHGy_lruXQ-00280-00526445-00526664 Time to get out. YyHGy_lruXQ-00281-00527939-00528153 But you must. YyHGy_lruXQ-00282-00529350-00529551 Why is that? YyHGy_lruXQ-00283-00530862-00531094 Is it as good now? YyHGy_lruXQ-00284-00532625-00532871 But this is the point. YyHGy_lruXQ-00285-00534414-00534652 And it did me good. YyHGy_lruXQ-00286-00536063-00536282 Will you try? YyHGy_lruXQ-00287-00537458-00537672 Hand it in. YyHGy_lruXQ-00288-00539106-00539344 And what are they made of? YyHGy_lruXQ-00289-00540856-00541071 Such as what? YyHGy_lruXQ-00290-00542275-00542489 Think of him. YyHGy_lruXQ-00291-00543772-00544004 He was there too. YyHGy_lruXQ-00292-00545723-00546042 And a very good thing, too. YyHGy_lruXQ-00293-00548043-00548307 Tell me who made the world. YyHGy_lruXQ-00294-00549783-00549989 Give it me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00295-00551313-00551551 What did he tell you? YyHGy_lruXQ-00296-00553220-00553476 When will it take place? YyHGy_lruXQ-00297-00555072-00555305 Tell us your name. YyHGy_lruXQ-00298-00557261-00557598 She has been with him many long years. YyHGy_lruXQ-00299-00559842-00560119 Where are we to turn for help? YyHGy_lruXQ-00300-00561830-00562068 Show me the way. YyHGy_lruXQ-00301-00563476-00563700 But what about me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00302-00565359-00565615 What could she mean by it? YyHGy_lruXQ-00303-00567541-00567796 How on earth do you know? YyHGy_lruXQ-00304-00569481-00569776 Well, here he is. YyHGy_lruXQ-00305-00571605-00571906 And how old were you at that time? YyHGy_lruXQ-00306-00573972-00574228 That would be very good. YyHGy_lruXQ-00307-00576302-00576610 That is all one can say about her. YyHGy_lruXQ-00308-00578253-00578460 Is he big? YyHGy_lruXQ-00309-00579883-00580140 What is that in your hand? YyHGy_lruXQ-00310-00581675-00581900 Is this the man? YyHGy_lruXQ-00311-00583514-00583833 Very well, show him to me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00312-00585696-00585928 Will you come with me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00313-00587793-00588070 That was a house to look at. YyHGy_lruXQ-00314-00590121-00590416 Well, and what do you think? YyHGy_lruXQ-00315-00592174-00592419 Is he a good man? YyHGy_lruXQ-00316-00594616-00594993 What you have just said is good, very good. YyHGy_lruXQ-00317-00597263-00597477 What do you play? YyHGy_lruXQ-00318-00599582-00599951 If you want to know, go and find out. YyHGy_lruXQ-00319-00602359-00602659 Give me more than that Is it large? YyHGy_lruXQ-00320-00604441-00604679 This is my point. YyHGy_lruXQ-00321-00606103-00606317 What do you mean? YyHGy_lruXQ-00322-00607897-00608129 How can you say that? YyHGy_lruXQ-00323-00609940-00610204 You must take me with you. YyHGy_lruXQ-00324-00611899-00612124 Too much of this. YyHGy_lruXQ-00325-00613555-00613832 All right, then. YyHGy_lruXQ-00326-00615154-00615386 And in she went. YyHGy_lruXQ-00327-00616873-00617121 What does one live for? YyHGy_lruXQ-00328-00618941-00619179 What do you think of that? YyHGy_lruXQ-00329-00620859-00621154 See, they are here. YyHGy_lruXQ-00330-00622635-00622873 And what did he say? YyHGy_lruXQ-00331-00624725-00625013 What more could a man ask for? YyHGy_lruXQ-00332-00627298-00627648 We will say no more about it, then. YyHGy_lruXQ-00333-00629589-00629835 Give me your hand. YyHGy_lruXQ-00334-00631285-00631491 Do you know me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00335-00632860-00633074 Play with them. YyHGy_lruXQ-00336-00634587-00634806 Just look through it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00337-00636514-00636770 Were you here before me? YyHGy_lruXQ-00338-00638183-00638390 Where are we? YyHGy_lruXQ-00339-00639479-00639680 Where is he? YyHGy_lruXQ-00340-00641595-00641945 You know, you see right through people. YyHGy_lruXQ-00341-00644129-00644398 Now, you know me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00342-00645848-00646117 Well, tell me. YyHGy_lruXQ-00343-00647475-00647695 Why are they here? YyHGy_lruXQ-00344-00649123-00649348 What does she want? YyHGy_lruXQ-00345-00651537-00651895 Look at it, and tell me what you think of it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00346-00654144-00654382 Are you back again? YyHGy_lruXQ-00347-00656164-00656443 Look at it other way round. YyHGy_lruXQ-00348-00658480-00658794 Well then, what do you want? YyHGy_lruXQ-00349-00660419-00660633 That is right. YyHGy_lruXQ-00350-00661937-00662156 Did you tell him? YyHGy_lruXQ-00351-00663496-00663742 This is the man. YyHGy_lruXQ-00352-00664972-00665186 She was right. YyHGy_lruXQ-00353-00666743-00667023 Well, what do you think? YyHGy_lruXQ-00354-00668762-00669008 Ask him to show up? YyHGy_lruXQ-00355-00670727-00670975 When will her mother come? YyHGy_lruXQ-00356-00672736-00672981 But why do you ask? YyHGy_lruXQ-00357-00674556-00674781 Where do you live? YyHGy_lruXQ-00358-00676247-00676479 Why are you here? YyHGy_lruXQ-00359-00678023-00678271 Say no more about it. YyHGy_lruXQ-00360-00680181-00680457 It would be very kind of you. YyHGy_lruXQ-00361-00682317-00682542 Where are you from? YyHGy_lruXQ-00362-00684136-00684381 You can help me here. YyHGy_lruXQ-00363-00685933-00686171 And who is the man? YyHGy_lruXQ-00364-00687847-00688085 Where are they off to now? YyHGy_lruXQ-00365-00690287-00690601 Where in the world did you come from? YyHGy_lruXQ-00366-00693096-00693454 Show us where you live, said the man. Y-h6zxWIExI-00000-00001511-00001888 So, what's the secret to finding those matches made in heaven like? Y-h6zxWIExI-00001-00002237-00002514 Was that a branding awareness post? Was that a sales related post? Y-h6zxWIExI-00002-00002517-00002885 Like what are the key elements that go into creating Y-h6zxWIExI-00003-00002885-00003322 a campaign that has that sort of viral 10X ROI? Y-h6zxWIExI-00004-00003403-00003818 Yeah. I mean, it's always typical but it comes down to-- Y-h6zxWIExI-00005-00003818-00003966 I mean, once you start getting Y-h6zxWIExI-00006-00003969-00004237 the types of influencers that do work for your brand, Y-h6zxWIExI-00007-00004240-00004434 it's easy to kind of repeat again and again. Y-h6zxWIExI-00008-00004487-00004814 There's a bit of testing to find where that ground lives. Y-h6zxWIExI-00009-00004817-00005085 A lot of people get put off or disheartened Y-h6zxWIExI-00010-00005085-00005241 during that testing process. Y-h6zxWIExI-00011-00005246-00005486 Then they're like, "You know, marketing is not for me." Y-h6zxWIExI-00012-00005546-00005913 But if you can kind of find that right relationship Y-h6zxWIExI-00013-00005913-00006254 and that's usually, the best kind of factors are in terms Y-h6zxWIExI-00014-00006254-00006475 of brand and influencer alignment. Y-h6zxWIExI-00015-00006692-00007538 One way that I like to put it as a formula is influence equals reach. Y-h6zxWIExI-00016-00007538-00008005 So, an influencer who's following an engagement times relevancy, Y-h6zxWIExI-00017-00008012-00008444 so their area of expertise or niche that they're in Y-h6zxWIExI-00018-00008444-00008787 times relationship and their relationship with their audience. Y-h6zxWIExI-00019-00008964-00009183 In influencer marketing like any marketing, Y-h6zxWIExI-00020-00009183-00009481 there's a mix of metrics. Y-h6zxWIExI-00021-00009570-00009942 I call them like hard metrics or soft metrics. Y-h6zxWIExI-00022-00009942-00010309 So, like hard metrics are your kind of quantitative metrics that are like, Y-h6zxWIExI-00023-00010309-00010702 "Okay, the influencer has 200,000 followers. Y-h6zxWIExI-00024-00010702-00010980 They get 3,000 likes on a post," Y-h6zxWIExI-00025-00010984-00011094 like whatever else. Y-h6zxWIExI-00026-00011099-00011478 A lot of brands get very distracted by these exact metrics. Y-h6zxWIExI-00027-00011480-00011834 But it's actually the softer metrics, they're the more qualitative metrics Y-h6zxWIExI-00028-00011841-00012087 that form the best relationship. Y-h6zxWIExI-00029-00012088-00012514 So, it's actually things like the way that their audience has-- Y-h6zxWIExI-00030-00012517-00012795 like the emotional connection their audience has with them Y-h6zxWIExI-00031-00012797-00013035 and, of course, those things are very hard to quantify, Y-h6zxWIExI-00032-00013038-00013522 but if you look for the right indicators, you're able to succeed in that way. Y-h6zxWIExI-00033-00013528-00013836 So, I think that it's really important not only to look at-- Y-h6zxWIExI-00034-00013871-00014069 not just to get distracted by being like, Y-h6zxWIExI-00035-00014069-00014341 "Oh, my God, Kim Kardashian has 100 million followers. Y-h6zxWIExI-00036-00014341-00014509 I want her to post my brand." Y-h6zxWIExI-00037-00014627-00015001 She is a very debatable case as well. Y-h6zxWIExI-00038-00015152-00015441 She has a great relationship with some of her followers Y-h6zxWIExI-00039-00015441-00015611 that watched her on TV for years. Y-h6zxWIExI-00040-00015612-00016019 Like some of the younger followers are basically grown up watching her show. Y-h6zxWIExI-00041-00016025-00016208 However appropriate that is or not . Y-h6zxWIExI-00042-00016353-00016864 At the same time people know that she actively promotes brands and products Y-h6zxWIExI-00043-00016864-00017167 that she probably doesn't use ... Y-h6zxWIExI-00044-00017388-00017616 while at the same time, Y-h6zxWIExI-00045-00017616-00017989 she still has somewhat of a relationship with her followers, Y-h6zxWIExI-00046-00017989-00018147 so she's a tough one. Y-h6zxWIExI-00047-00018197-00018507 And she's so big that she overcomes a lot of that. Y-h6zxWIExI-00048-00018634-00018958 Like you said, there's different segments of these people's followers as well. Y-h6zxWIExI-00049-00019055-00019266 And she'll make it up in volume in a lot of cases, I'm sure. Y-h6zxWIExI-00050-00019268-00019503 But her cost would be just astronomical. Y-h6zxWIExI-00051-00019573-00020041 Yes. Something like $300,000 a post on Instagram. Y-h6zxWIExI-00052-00020157-00020569 It's not bad work if you can get it. That's incredible. Y-h6zxWIExI-00053-00020654-00020938 So, how do you go about assessing these soft metrics? Y-h6zxWIExI-00054-00020940-00021169 Like is it really an eye test? Y-h6zxWIExI-00055-00021173-00021362 Is it really like you really have to go in there Y-h6zxWIExI-00056-00021362-00021619 and make sure that there's meaningful conversation happening Y-h6zxWIExI-00057-00021622-00021862 that they're affecting people on an emotional level Y-h6zxWIExI-00058-00021862-00022065 or what are some ways you go about that? Y-h6zxWIExI-00059-00022145-00022578 Yeah. So, I like to kind of just set some different indicators Y-h6zxWIExI-00060-00022578-00023128 that I can look at and kind of go through a bit of a list, in a way, Y-h6zxWIExI-00061-00023128-00023488 of things you might, I guess, overlook. Y-h6zxWIExI-00062-00023763-00024138 But in terms of the relationship with their audience Y-h6zxWIExI-00063-00024217-00024503 a lot of it comes down to, obviously, communication, Y-h6zxWIExI-00064-00024503-00024854 and the way that they're able to speak to their audience Y-h6zxWIExI-00065-00024854-00025186 in language that their audience already knows and trusts Y-h6zxWIExI-00066-00025186-00025373 and it's a two-way street, as well. Y-h6zxWIExI-00067-00025377-00025719 So, a lot of the influencers that have the best relationships Y-h6zxWIExI-00068-00025719-00026084 with their audience are consistent, they show up all the time. Y-h6zxWIExI-00069-00026175-00026527 They might even do kind of real-life events and stuff Y-h6zxWIExI-00070-00026527-00026740 where they meet up with the audience. Y-h6zxWIExI-00071-00026743-00026843 They go to events. Y-h6zxWIExI-00072-00026845-00027141 They do those meet ups and people like swarm them. Y-h6zxWIExI-00073-00027258-00027418 When they post things like that, Y-h6zxWIExI-00074-00027418-00027703 you know how engaged their following is in that way. Y-h6zxWIExI-00075-00027703-00027812 When they're following-- Y-h6zxWIExI-00076-00027821-00028204 asking them real questions rather than just being like, Y-h6zxWIExI-00077-00028204-00028487 "Pretty." "That's lovely." "Amazing." Y-h6zxWIExI-00078-00028487-00028936 Those sort of generic comments, they don't equate to much. Y-h6zxWIExI-00079-00028936-00029320 But if people are like, "Where exactly did you get-- Y-h6zxWIExI-00080-00029320-00029508 "Through a mommy blogger or something." Y-h6zxWIExI-00081-00029508-00029694 "Where exactly did you get that pram?" Y-h6zxWIExI-00082-00029704-00029948 "What did you do when your baby was crying up all night?" Y-h6zxWIExI-00083-00029948-00030050 Blah, blah, blah. Y-h6zxWIExI-00084-00030052-00030271 If they actually interact back with that audience, Y-h6zxWIExI-00085-00030271-00030567 so that two-way communication is so, so valuable, Y-h6zxWIExI-00086-00030571-00030825 and if you can see an influencer does that Y-h6zxWIExI-00087-00030825-00031101 and they're going to represent your brand in that way as well Y-h6zxWIExI-00088-00031104-00031515 and jump in and answer questions when somebody is confused about it, Y-h6zxWIExI-00089-00031517-00031660 because it's not just the post, Y-h6zxWIExI-00090-00031660-00032024 it's the way that you then engage them upon the process Y-h6zxWIExI-00091-00032024-00032421 kind of a campaign support that the influencer can offer as well. Y-h6zxWIExI-00092-00032496-00032898 I mean, one option is paying them a little bit more Y-h6zxWIExI-00093-00032898-00033215 so that they are around after they do post and saying like, Y-h6zxWIExI-00094-00033215-00033578 "I want an hour of your time to interact with your followers Y-h6zxWIExI-00095-00033578-00033760 as they're asking you questions." Y-h6zxWIExI-00096-00033760-00034063 It's not just thinking of it like a get in, get out, like, Y-h6zxWIExI-00097-00034063-00034278 "Okay, I'm just bought support." It's not an ad. Y-h6zxWIExI-00098-00034501-00034851 If you wanted to buy an ad, it's a lot cheaper just to buy an ad Y-h6zxWIExI-00099-00034851-00035229 that's going to be seen by 200,000 people sometimes. Y-h6zxWIExI-00100-00035229-00035395 -Yeah. -Well, it's debatable. Y-h6zxWIExI-00101-00035502-00035715 There's ways that you can do it. Y-h6zxWIExI-00102-00035931-00036339 So, basically, it's just trying to work with influencers Y-h6zxWIExI-00103-00036339-00036774 who do have that really kind of engaged relationship with their audience Y-h6zxWIExI-00104-00037000-00037204 I will go through a few more of those factors Y-h6zxWIExI-00105-00037204-00037521 in small content that I created with you guys soon. Y-h6zxWIExI-00106-00037523-00037732 Yeah. Nice. We can tease that a little bit. Y-h6zxWIExI-00107-00037837-00038167 Obviously, the Ecommerce All-Star Secrets series that we're producing Y-h6zxWIExI-00108-00038167-00038559 is going to culminate in a free course that we're producing Y-h6zxWIExI-00109-00038559-00038847 with several of these amazing all stars that we're working with. Y-h6zxWIExI-00110-00038847-00039221 Gretta is going to be handling the influencer marketing component of it. Y-h6zxWIExI-00111-00039226-00039456 So, let's talk a little bit about-- Y-h6zxWIExI-00112-00039518-00039791 just getting started with it and we just did this big survey. Y-h6zxWIExI-00113-00039846-00040391 We surveyed 500 eCommerce professionals and we asked about where their focus was. Y-h6zxWIExI-00114-00040423-00040562 Of the 500 people, Y-h6zxWIExI-00115-00040754-00041157 like a large percentage of these people were still mainly using Facebook ads. Y-h6zxWIExI-00116-00041157-00041347 Like, mostly-- Y-rPxuo_UZI-00000-00000017-00000240 Thank you for watching candlestick trading video Y-rPxuo_UZI-00001-00000240-00000508 CFD Hong Kong 33 candlestick Y-rPxuo_UZI-00002-00000508-00000764 candlesitck pattern Karakasa Y-rPxuo_UZI-00003-00000764-00001292 Karakasa means umbrella closing price is higher than the opening price. Y-rPxuo_UZI-00004-00001292-00001885 It shows a turning point of the market, rise sign that will appear in the lows Y-rPxuo_UZI-00005-00001885-00002248 It shows pullback that will appear in the highs Y-rPxuo_UZI-00006-00002248-00002801 this means high possibility turn to the decline in the ceiling. Y-rPxuo_UZI-00007-00002801-00003369 when Karakasa appear you have to recognize market is turning point Y-rPxuo_UZI-00008-00003369-00003413 Thank you Y-yqZ7D26U4-00000-00000000-00000050 Indian army Y-yqZ7D26U4-00001-00000050-00000143 Pulwama Revenge Y-yqZ7D26U4-00002-00000143-00000193 Indian army Tweet Y_O6F2U_1oU-00000-00000008-00000405 COWEN: You also wrote that when you were in high school, you either wrote or just started Y_O6F2U_1oU-00001-00000405-00000574 a book on Amelia Earhart. PAGLIA: Oh, yes! Y_O6F2U_1oU-00002-00000574-00001002 COWEN: What was the appeal of her to you? PAGLIA: Oh my God. Amelia Earhart, I stumbled Y_O6F2U_1oU-00003-00001002-00001680 on. It was an article in 1961 in the Syracuse Herald Journal. There was always some article Y_O6F2U_1oU-00004-00001680-00001986 about Amelia Earhart. Someone finds a fragment or something. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00005-00001986-00002755 I became very interested in her. At that point, I was, I guess, 14. I began researching her Y_O6F2U_1oU-00006-00002755-00003345 in the bowels of the Syracuse Library, the things were still not on microfilm yet. All Y_O6F2U_1oU-00007-00003345-00003752 the newspapers were still there from the 1930s. I did that for three years on this research Y_O6F2U_1oU-00008-00003752-00004346 project. That’s how I became a feminist before feminism had revived, because I suddenly Y_O6F2U_1oU-00009-00004346-00004864 discovered this period just after women had won the right to vote. In the 1920s and ’30s, Y_O6F2U_1oU-00010-00004864-00005501 we had all these career women, like Amelia Earhart, Dorothy Parker, Dorothy Thompson, Y_O6F2U_1oU-00011-00005501-00006213 Clare Boothe Luce. There’s so many women, Margaret Bourke-White. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00012-00006213-00006815 By the time second-wave feminism revived, which was with Betty Friedan’s cofounding Y_O6F2U_1oU-00013-00006815-00007559 of NOW in 1967, I was out of sync with them. When suddenly they revived, began complaining Y_O6F2U_1oU-00014-00007559-00008456 about men, and all that stuff, so on and so forth, I hated it. It was early clashes that Y_O6F2U_1oU-00015-00008456-00008907 I had with those feminists from the start. I tried to join second-wave feminism. They Y_O6F2U_1oU-00016-00008907-00009268 wouldn’t have me because I would not bad mouth men. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00017-00009268-00009870 These women, like Amelia Earhart, they did not bad mouth men. They admired men. They Y_O6F2U_1oU-00018-00009870-00010431 admired what men had done. What they said was, “We demand equal opportunity for women,” Y_O6F2U_1oU-00019-00010431-00010940 which gave us the opportunity to show that we can achieve at the same level as men who Y_O6F2U_1oU-00020-00010940-00011283 did all these great things. That was not the tone of second-wave feminism Y_O6F2U_1oU-00021-00011283-00011846 from the start. It’s almost like, “Patriarchy — ” [makes sounds] like this. These women were Y_O6F2U_1oU-00022-00011846-00012466 insane. I found out from the start. I went to this feminist conference at the Yale Law Y_O6F2U_1oU-00023-00012466-00012997 School when I was in graduate school. It was 1971. Kate Millett was there. Rita Mae Brown Y_O6F2U_1oU-00024-00012997-00013353 who later became a lesbian novelist and lives on a horse farm in Virginia came around. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00025-00013353-00013755 COWEN: Maybe she’s here. PAGLIA: Maybe she’s here. She’s very rich. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00026-00013755-00014268 At any rate, Rita Mae Brown said to me, she said, “The difference between you and me, Y_O6F2U_1oU-00027-00014268-00014850 Camille, is that you want to save the universities, and I want to burn them down.” What can Y_O6F2U_1oU-00028-00014850-00015500 you say? What a conversation stopper. I had the knock down argument of the Rolling Stones Y_O6F2U_1oU-00029-00015500-00016038 with the New Haven Women’s Liberation Rock Band. I adore the Stones. They hated the Stones. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00030-00016038-00016659 We had this huge screaming argument. My back was to the wall. They were screaming in my Y_O6F2U_1oU-00031-00016659-00017112 face. I said, “Yes, the Rolling Stones are sexist, but they made great music.” They Y_O6F2U_1oU-00032-00017112-00017443 go, “Oh, no, no, no!” I said, “All right, let’s take ‘Under Y_O6F2U_1oU-00033-00017443-00017831 My Thumb.’ ‘Under My Thumb,’ yes, it’s sexist, but it’s a great song. It’s a Y_O6F2U_1oU-00034-00017831-00018448 work of art.” These women, they said to me, they said, “Art! Art! Nothing that demeans Y_O6F2U_1oU-00035-00018448-00018904 women can be art!” Now that is a Stalinist view of art! Y_O6F2U_1oU-00036-00018904-00019308 COWEN: More about you. Less about them. [laughter and applause] Y_O6F2U_1oU-00037-00019308-00019756 PAGLIA: Wait a minute. Then there was the argument that I had. This is about Amelia Y_O6F2U_1oU-00038-00019756-00020030 Earhart. You asked about Amelia Earhart, right? COWEN: Yes. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00039-00020030-00020345 [laughter] PAGLIA: Then I had my first job at Bennington Y_O6F2U_1oU-00040-00020345-00020770 College in 1972. People said, “There’s this new women’s studies department. One Y_O6F2U_1oU-00041-00020770-00021148 of the first ever at the State University of New York at Albany. Oh, you’ll be one Y_O6F2U_1oU-00042-00021148-00021388 of them.” I thought, “Well, they’re feminist. I’m Y_O6F2U_1oU-00043-00021388-00021965 feminist. OK. All right.” We had a dinner. We were going to go to a lecture, and so on. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00044-00021965-00022362 We didn’t get through to dessert. Let me tell you about that dinner. Because we had Y_O6F2U_1oU-00045-00022362-00022872 this screaming argument about hormones. They deny that hormones have the slightest Y_O6F2U_1oU-00046-00022872-00023489 impact on human life. They said hormones don’t even exist. They told me I had been brainwashed Y_O6F2U_1oU-00047-00023489-00023931 by male scientists to believe — these are women who are in the English department. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00048-00023931-00024467 Wonderful education they had in biology. At any rate, Amelia Earhart — . Y_O6F2U_1oU-00049-00024467-00024933 COWEN: Yes, of course. PAGLIA: Never was like this with men. This Y_O6F2U_1oU-00050-00024933-00025509 is the point. In fact, my next book, my next essay collection, I’m going to reproduce Y_O6F2U_1oU-00051-00025509-00026100 the page from Newsweek magazine, 1963, I wrote in a letter to the editor. It was their number Y_O6F2U_1oU-00052-00026100-00026784 one letter. I was 16 years old, at that point. What was it? They put a picture of Amelia Y_O6F2U_1oU-00053-00026784-00027496 Earhart there. It was Valentina Tereshkova had become the first women in space. The Soviet Y_O6F2U_1oU-00054-00027496-00027918 Union had sent her up. I wrote a protest letter into Newsweek and I said, “That Valentina Y_O6F2U_1oU-00055-00027918-00028327 Tereshkova, the cosmonaut, has became the first woman to be — on the anniversary Y_O6F2U_1oU-00056-00028327-00028843 that Amelia Earhart flew the ocean,” whatever it was. It was some big anniversary. Y_O6F2U_1oU-00057-00028843-00029381 I said, “Obviously, Amelia Earhart’s lifelong fight for equal opportunity for American women Y_O6F2U_1oU-00058-00029381-00029620 remains to be won.” That’s 1963. YAe5LFwlVzU-00000-00000000-00000560 Sauron pi : aspersion test YAe5LFwlVzU-00001-00000576-00000811 SauronPi is an autonomous camera project YAe5LFwlVzU-00002-00000822-00001060 It is based on a raspberry pi YAe5LFwlVzU-00003-00001060-00001302 This version is meant for outdoor use YAe5LFwlVzU-00004-00001322-00001564 it is supposed to be waterproof YAe5LFwlVzU-00005-00001564-00001772 This is why i sprayed it with a hose. YAe5LFwlVzU-00006-00001826-00002060 The box was 3D printed in PLA YAe5LFwlVzU-00007-00002136-00002440 The gaskets were printed in ninjaflex YAe5LFwlVzU-00008-00002744-00002944 I filmed as a single sequence YAe5LFwlVzU-00009-00002944-00003144 to show that i didn't cheat :) YAe5LFwlVzU-00010-00003328-00003528 now, let's open it YAe5LFwlVzU-00011-00004280-00004480 i wiped the cover of it's water YAe5LFwlVzU-00012-00004494-00004694 so that it would not drip in at opening YAe5LFwlVzU-00013-00005042-00005242 now, screwdriver time! YAe5LFwlVzU-00014-00006070-00006270 the box has 6 top screws YAe5LFwlVzU-00015-00006270-00006434 to hold the lid. YAe5LFwlVzU-00016-00008816-00009016 this is the worst part! YAe5LFwlVzU-00017-00009016-00009172 a few drops leaked in ;( YAe5LFwlVzU-00018-00009296-00009496 two buttons gaskets were missing! YAe5LFwlVzU-00019-00009496-00009674 however, the 3D printed gasket YAe5LFwlVzU-00020-00009674-00009932 did it' job, and the camera hole stayed dry, YAe5LFwlVzU-00021-00009932-00010094 validating my gasket design. YAe5LFwlVzU-00022-00010122-00010322 So, success for my design, YAe5LFwlVzU-00023-00010322-00010468 with improvements in sight for the lid YAe5LFwlVzU-00024-00010468-00010604 and fail on me for forgetting YAe5LFwlVzU-00025-00010604-00010804 the buttons gaskets YAe5LFwlVzU-00026-00010954-00011154 i'll have to redo the test :) YAe5LFwlVzU-00027-00011154-00011366 thanks for watching! YAPUWm1i5xg-00000-00000071-00000504 Hi, my name is Jean Gessen, I work at the YAPUWm1i5xg-00001-00000504-00000633 San Ignacio branch of V58 Store YAPUWm1i5xg-00002-00000633-00001223 Yesterday, Talia Guerrero of BCH Latam YAPUWm1i5xg-00003-00001223-00001591 helped my coworkers and I to install YAPUWm1i5xg-00004-00001591-00001691 our Bitcoin.com wallets YAPUWm1i5xg-00005-00001691-00001791 Yesterday, around 4PM, YAPUWm1i5xg-00006-00001791-00001891 I noticed that I started getting transactions YAPUWm1i5xg-00007-00001891-00002081 in my wallet and I want to say thank you YAPUWm1i5xg-00008-00002081-00002600 to the Bitcoin Cash community for those YAPUWm1i5xg-00009-00002600-00002734 tips they were sending me. YAPUWm1i5xg-00010-00002734-00003005 And here you can YAPUWm1i5xg-00011-00003005-00003550 see in my transaction history, YAPUWm1i5xg-00012-00003550-00003730 that I received them YAPUWm1i5xg-00013-00003730-00003845 Thanks so much for that. YAPUWm1i5xg-00014-00003845-00004061 It's really great how easy and fast it was YAPUWm1i5xg-00015-00004061-00004187 to download and create my wallet YAPUWm1i5xg-00016-00004187-00004335 and even to begin to receive transactions YAPUWm1i5xg-00017-00004335-00004568 so quickly from people I don't know YAPUWm1i5xg-00018-00004568-00004917 I invite everyone who hasn't done it yet to YAPUWm1i5xg-00019-00004917-00005083 create your Bitcoin Cash wallet YAPUWm1i5xg-00020-00005083-00005144 at BitcoinCash.com YCu4IzZt_0Q-00000-00002789-00003386 I want you to take a moment and think about what you think YCu4IzZt_0Q-00001-00003386-00003858 will happen between the troll and the big Billy Goat Gruff. YCu4IzZt_0Q-00002-00003858-00004186 So turn to your partner and share what you think YCu4IzZt_0Q-00003-00004186-00005290 might happen between the troll and the big Billy Goat Gruff. YCu4IzZt_0Q-00004-00005290-00005965 Well, the Big Bad Wolf maybe doesn't… YCu4IzZt_0Q-00005-00005965-00007320 The Big Bad Wolf goes to the troll under the bridge. YCu4IzZt_0Q-00006-00007320-00007731 Because he tricked that because it was so hot. YCu4IzZt_0Q-00007-00007731-00008694 Yeah, and he had a little tiny voice. YCu4IzZt_0Q-00008-00008694-00009009 Because it was so big. YCu4IzZt_0Q-00009-00009009-00009560 They couldn't get him because he's heavy. YDha1V2xo24-00000-00000000-00000200 hello everyone YDha1V2xo24-00001-00000200-00000400 today we show you about YDha1V2xo24-00002-00000400-00000600 How to draw Merry Christmas 2023 YDha1V2xo24-00003-00000600-00000800 with christmas song 2023 YDha1V2xo24-00004-00000800-00001000 Let's go YDha1V2xo24-00005-00001000-00001200 and We Wish you happy merry christmas YFCBLKBkiry-00000-00000433-00000578 Hello. Please introduce yourself! YFCBLKBkiry-00001-00000665-00001283 Hello, my name is Artyom, nickname Ups. I'm the coach for Team Empire's Valorant team. YFCBLKBkiry-00002-00001328-00001690 How did you become a part of this roster and this organization? YFCBLKBkiry-00003-00001755-00002420 I've had access to Valorant since the first days of closed beta. Also I've had a full team at that time. YFCBLKBkiry-00004-00002464-00002681 That we've tried to succeed with. YFCBLKBkiry-00005-00002935-00003384 And I keep acting as a coach in Valorant esports since then. YFCBLKBkiry-00006-00003403-00003589 I have found pro players, mixed them all together. YFCBLKBkiry-00007-00003644-00004403 Then I've talked with Nirvana. My previous team has disbanded. YFCBLKBkiry-00008-00004447-00004827 There was no First Strike announcement, we couldn't find motivation to keep playing. YFCBLKBkiry-00009-00004868-00005186 We've decided to make a pause, didn't want to play together. YFCBLKBkiry-00010-00005220-00005953 We've talked with Nirvana and discussed that there are people who can support our strong pro roster. YFCBLKBkiry-00011-00006057-00006443 And we've become the part of Team Empire as Valorant roster. YFCBLKBkiry-00012-00006493-00006941 What are your tasks as coach at Team Empire? YFCBLKBkiry-00013-00007048-00007764 My previous task was to compile the whole experience of all players combined. YFCBLKBkiry-00014-00007847-00008455 And complete it with helping the team to achieve full understandment of how do they want to play, what are they capable of. YFCBLKBkiry-00015-00008519-00009251 How do they play as attacking side, as defensing side, how do they move on the map and so on. YFCBLKBkiry-00016-00009312-00009787 Also it's the adaptation to current meta. YFCBLKBkiry-00017-00009787-00010524 I'm analasying what EU and CIS teams are doing, their strats and tactics YFCBLKBkiry-00018-00010524-00011137 And we are trying to adapt to one or another playstyle while we're on bootcamp. YFCBLKBkiry-00019-00011158-00011550 I've also collecting the stats regarding our opponents. YFCBLKBkiry-00020-00011587-00012130 Trying to write down the specific moves and interesting features of our opponent's playstyle. YFCBLKBkiry-00021-00012145-00012755 And I'm preparing the team for any things it'll face during next game. YFCBLKBkiry-00022-00012812-00013200 Let's discuss the bootcamp now. YFCBLKBkiry-00023-00013357-00013889 How it all started? As I know, some players met each other for the first time ever. YFCBLKBkiry-00024-00014019-00014608 We've met on the TeamTalk for the first time. Everyone except Edelweiss. YFCBLKBkiry-00025-00014608-00014922 And we've met Edelweiss on the bootcamp for the first time. YFCBLKBkiry-00026-00014972-00015680 The teammates had seen each other before, but no one ever lived together or played from the same room. YFCBLKBkiry-00027-00016010-00016532 We've came on 12.11 and the first official game was on 13.11. YFCBLKBkiry-00028-00016595-00017390 We were able to finish the preparations of bootcamp only in the end of 12th November. Preparing the gaming setups for our guys to play. YFCBLKBkiry-00029-00017453-00018348 Our player purp0 has 120 FPS back at home, here he has 240 Hz monitor and 250 FPS in-game. YFCBLKBkiry-00030-00018419-00019304 And he's adapted. Also we couldn't adapt to bootcamp's atmosphere in time, and the first official game from bootcamp was really hard for us. YFCBLKBkiry-00031-00019363-00020174 We've tried to play until the very end. We were ready for our enemies and we knew what they would do. YFCBLKBkiry-00032-00020250-00020915 But we've lost because we had hard time with adapting to new conditions. YFCBLKBkiry-00033-00020915-00021142 We've lost the first official game. YFCBLKBkiry-00034-00021151-00021351 On the second day on bootcamp. YFCBLKBkiry-00035-00021396-00021979 Let's analyze the few games from second CIS qualifier. YFCBLKBkiry-00036-00022008-00022284 The first one vs SKYLINE was really easy. YFCBLKBkiry-00037-00022365-00022775 We decided not to prepare for this opponent. YFCBLKBkiry-00038-00022830-00023549 Because they've asked our team's captain about how to get the team together, and for some other recommendations. YFCBLKBkiry-00039-00023633-00024322 We've set our minds that it'll be a start of our game, that we'll be able to tune in during gaming session. YFCBLKBkiry-00040-00024376-00025039 And we'll be able to get our confidence and perform really well. And so that's what exactly happened.That game was easy. YFCBLKBkiry-00041-00025126-00025648 Now it's time to talk about Team Offenders. What can you share? YFCBLKBkiry-00042-00025691-00026309 We've got a bit of stats from previous Offenders games. YFCBLKBkiry-00043-00026366-00026823 And we've found a few typical things they are doing on maps. YFCBLKBkiry-00044-00026881-00027440 The plan was to play our familiar game and not to invent any bicycles. YFCBLKBkiry-00045-00027467-00027855 Considering that our playstyle has changed. YFCBLKBkiry-00046-00027928-00028387 Because we obtained a new core-hero. YFCBLKBkiry-00047-00028444-00029298 We've decided to take out Jett from all our picks, because our newest player Edelweiss prefers to play agressively on different agents. YFCBLKBkiry-00048-00029328-00030089 We've shuffled things a bit. The main task for the game vs Offenders was to play our own game at our prefered pace. YFCBLKBkiry-00049-00030089-00030487 To secure our confidence. And so we've closed the game with 2-0 score. YFCBLKBkiry-00050-00030545-00030955 We've played a bit worse on the second map, Bind. YFCBLKBkiry-00051-00031032-00031868 But then we've take the tech pause, discussed things a bit and then won it effortlessly. 2-0. YFCBLKBkiry-00052-00031958-00032810 Even before we won the game vs Offenders we've seen Viper as key agent pick of Team Guess. YFCBLKBkiry-00053-00032910-00033397 We knew they'll switch the map's geometry. YFCBLKBkiry-00054-00033448-00034376 And they will play by the pack. They'll plant Spike and then leave. After that they will use Viper's skills. YFCBLKBkiry-00055-00034436-00035427 They had really good Viper performance on Split map and so we've banned it. YFCBLKBkiry-00056-00035481-00035893 So we picked Haven, Bind and Ascent. YFCBLKBkiry-00057-00035936-00036342 We were a bit off when we started to play Bind. YFCBLKBkiry-00058-00036377-00036577 And finished 3-13. YFCBLKBkiry-00059-00036659-00037360 That was a strange game for us. We were ready for anything but in the end it was like we didn't even wake up. YFCBLKBkiry-00060-00037427-00037870 On the second map, Ascent, we YFCBLKBkiry-00061-00037960-00038519 We woke up and showed what we can do. Everything was fine on the second map. YFCBLKBkiry-00062-00038580-00039234 Third map, Haven, there was a really close game. YFCBLKBkiry-00063-00039288-00039882 We gave them the opportunity to dominate with Viper and lost about 4 rounds because of that. YFCBLKBkiry-00064-00039970-00040465 Our Attack half has ended with 8-4 score. YFCBLKBkiry-00065-00040515-00041288 We were playing Attack confidently. As for Defence, we knew what they were doing but couldn't do anything against them. YFCBLKBkiry-00066-00041328-00041649 And the last game was vs AimAttack. YFCBLKBkiry-00067-00041683-00042315 We've analyzed their previous game from the past day. YFCBLKBkiry-00068-00042330-00042926 We were ready to face them on Split as Defence. YFCBLKBkiry-00069-00042960-00043874 We finished the defensive half with solid 10-2, but then it was Attack... YFCBLKBkiry-00070-00043942-00044142 And ended that map with 13-11 score. YFCBLKBkiry-00071-00044289-00045174 We've tried to finish it quickly, making fast rounds, because our opponents YFCBLKBkiry-00072-00045215-00045651 had problems with holding A site, in our opinion. YFCBLKBkiry-00073-00045710-00046200 There were only Jett and Omen. It's just one flash that could have stopped us. YFCBLKBkiry-00074-00046271-00046771 But our enemies pick the positions we were not ready for. YFCBLKBkiry-00075-00046772-00047178 And when the score was 10-10... YFCBLKBkiry-00076-00047248-00047683 Our ping has raised for 2 rounds. YFCBLKBkiry-00077-00047840-00048478 We were a bit tilted and couldn't come back into fight. YFCBLKBkiry-00078-00048478-00048859 So we were getting ready to play the next map. YFCBLKBkiry-00079-00048898-00049344 We've played the Attack with 4-8 score on Ascent. YFCBLKBkiry-00080-00049354-00049621 Not a bad score for this map. YFCBLKBkiry-00081-00049642-00049842 We could have won more rounds to be honest. YFCBLKBkiry-00082-00049881-00050303 As Defence we've raised the score up to 12-12. YFCBLKBkiry-00083-00050391-00050846 In overtime rounds we've won this map with 14-12 score. YFCBLKBkiry-00084-00050880-00051080 Bind was next. YFCBLKBkiry-00085-00051214-00051879 We were a bit tired to play Bind, I think. YFCBLKBkiry-00086-00051908-00052298 Because of this emotional swing. YFCBLKBkiry-00087-00052348-00052986 We've lost the first map with throwing away rounds that we should've taken. On the second map we had to be the runner-ups. YFCBLKBkiry-00088-00053032-00053623 We've had emotional blast because we were able to come back into game, it was so good. YFCBLKBkiry-00089-00053697-00054181 As for the third map, it was like we've started it... YFCBLKBkiry-00090-00054235-00054814 We couldn't brace ourselves and played Defense really bad. YFCBLKBkiry-00091-00054898-00055597 Second half was Attack and we were not able to finish it. YFCBLKBkiry-00092-00055675-00056442 And now we understand what should be changed in our Attack. YFCBLKBkiry-00093-00056516-00056759 We should make them a bit more variable. YFCBLKBkiry-00094-00056825-00057335 To rotate more throughout the map during mid-game. YFCBLKBkiry-00095-00057391-00057591 These maps allow rotates. YFCBLKBkiry-00096-00057655-00058326 As for Defense, we can now fully comprehense what enemies are able to do with their setups. YFCBLKBkiry-00097-00058388-00058800 And to adapt to enemy's playstyle faster. YFCBLKBkiry-00098-00058800-00059422 As I've said before, we knew about our enemies, we had their stats and strats. YFCBLKBkiry-00099-00059454-00060119 But we couldn't adapt quickly to that. That's why we lost so many rounds. YFCBLKBkiry-00100-00060437-00060782 That's why the games were so long and we got tired to play them. YFCBLKBkiry-00101-00060791-00061036 We couldn't save the pacing. YFCBLKBkiry-00102-00061084-00061518 Are you saying that this loss was because of spirit's failure? Or not? YFCBLKBkiry-00103-00061752-00062111 You could say we had morale issues. YFCBLKBkiry-00104-00062111-00062686 But that doesn't mean that we couldn't do all that better. Shoot better, communicate better. YFCBLKBkiry-00105-00062714-00063600 At some point we were gravely worried by losing rounds. We knew one thing about AimAttack. YFCBLKBkiry-00106-00063636-00064155 That they play really fast. They rush rounds asap. YFCBLKBkiry-00107-00064200-00064959 But they understood that we know about their playstyle on Ascent. That we can read their moves. YFCBLKBkiry-00108-00065142-00065743 They've adapted to our gaming style on Bind. YFCBLKBkiry-00109-00065802-00066157 They knew we've been overthinking the whole strategy. YFCBLKBkiry-00110-00066228-00066658 Additionally our morale was low because of emotional swing. YFCBLKBkiry-00111-00066684-00067161 And it all led to the point for us losing the game. YFCBLKBkiry-00112-00067285-00067595 What's the next for your team? YFCBLKBkiry-00113-00067700-00068240 We plan to take a break. Chill for a week or so. YFCBLKBkiry-00114-00068274-00069010 Until the end of 2020 we plan to adapt the whole information we've got to our gaming. YFCBLKBkiry-00115-00069056-00069449 We will switch our playing style a bit. YFCBLKBkiry-00116-00069484-00069853 Switch our hero picks for some maps. YFCBLKBkiry-00117-00069899-00070254 We'll try to play without Sova. YFCBLKBkiry-00118-00070300-00070800 And we will wait for new tournaments' announcement. YFCBLKBkiry-00119-00070800-00071027 Which we would like to participate in. YFCBLKBkiry-00120-00071126-00071418 And to get our slot on First Strike tournament. YFCBLKBkiry-00121-00071456-00072292 Because actually we've lost both times to times that were able to make it to Top8 CIS teams. YFCBLKBkiry-00122-00072374-00072827 I see, I see. Well then, it's time to wish you luck and see you next time! YFCBLKBkiry-00123-00072845-00073090 — Thanks. — Bye, everyone! YGWO5fqju0M-00000-00000026-00000271 Kyle: Hello~! (The ‘Countryside Guys’ with 140K subscribers visited Kyle) YGWO5fqju0M-00001-00000271-00000390 Let me open up some Choco Thin-Thin (chocolate striped cookie) YGWO5fqju0M-00002-00000802-00000927 (Kyle sighing) YGWO5fqju0M-00003-00001056-00001236 This crystal ball is very bright YGWO5fqju0M-00004-00001301-00001436 If you don’t mind me asking, how old are you? YGWO5fqju0M-00005-00001436-00001551 Guest: I’m 28… YGWO5fqju0M-00006-00001551-00001658 Kyle: Oh, so I’m older… (Kyle’s 29) YGWO5fqju0M-00007-00001658-00001903 Nice to meet you… younger bro… YGWO5fqju0M-00008-00001903-00002038 You don’t have hair loss YGWO5fqju0M-00009-00002038-00002178 You just have no hair YGWO5fqju0M-00010-00002178-00002382 OHHhh~~~ (understood) YGWO5fqju0M-00011-00002382-00002432 NO HAIR YGWO5fqju0M-00012-00002432-00002659 I’m not losing hair, I just have no hair!! YGWO5fqju0M-00013-00002751-00002967 (A difficult “No Hair” Challenge) YGWO5fqju0M-00014-00003076-00003318 I’ll do my best to help out YGWO5fqju0M-00015-00003318-00003665 Please excuse the background noise due to the store location. YGWO5fqju0M-00016-00003742-00003925 I’ll firstly be cutting your hair to match your bangs YGWO5fqju0M-00017-00003925-00004259 I’ll be cutting the side of your hair YGWO5fqju0M-00018-00004349-00004649 Oh my, you’ve been keeping useless hair YGWO5fqju0M-00019-00004698-00004794 This is useless?? YGWO5fqju0M-00020-00004794-00005198 Hair is not about how much you CUT it YGWO5fqju0M-00021-00005198-00005380 But it’s about how much you LEAVE behind YGWO5fqju0M-00022-00005380-00005477 Ohhh~ YGWO5fqju0M-00023-00005477-00005622 That is very important YGWO5fqju0M-00024-00005622-00005822 Guest: Can I request a certain hairstyle? YGWO5fqju0M-00025-00005857-00006009 Guest: You know how it’s summer right now Kyle: Yes YGWO5fqju0M-00026-00006009-00006394 Guest: When the sunlight directly hits my head YGWO5fqju0M-00027-00006461-00006596 I’d like a hairstyle where the sunlight does not escape YGWO5fqju0M-00028-00006596-00006818 Kyle: But you have no hair?? YGWO5fqju0M-00029-00006818-00007001 Kyle: If you had dead hair strands, maybe it could work YGWO5fqju0M-00030-00007001-00007275 Kyle: I will show you your hairline.. YGWO5fqju0M-00031-00007275-00007394 Turn your head slightly YGWO5fqju0M-00032-00007394-00007537 OOHhh~! YGWO5fqju0M-00033-00007537-00007677 (Kyle sighing) YGWO5fqju0M-00034-00007677-00007999 Guest: You’ve sighed around 4 times while cutting my hair YGWO5fqju0M-00035-00008066-00008313 Kyle: I can do this! I can save him! (Thinking positive thoughts) YGWO5fqju0M-00036-00008313-00008538 Guest: I feel like you’re competing in your own category within the Tokyo Olympics YGWO5fqju0M-00037-00008538-00008922 (Cleaning up the hairline on the opposite side) YGWO5fqju0M-00038-00008922-00009177 Guest: Because I already have a good visual foundation… (?) YGWO5fqju0M-00039-00009177-00009329 Guest: It doesn’t matter which hairstyle I get YGWO5fqju0M-00040-00009329-00009484 Kyle: You have a very small face! YGWO5fqju0M-00041-00009532-00009597 Come again?? YGWO5fqju0M-00042-00009597-00009749 Kyle: You have a very small face! YGWO5fqju0M-00043-00009749-00009878 Guest: Then why is my mask… YGWO5fqju0M-00044-00009878-00010004 (Making an adult mask look like a child mask) YGWO5fqju0M-00045-00010004-00010176 Kyle: Your face is different from your lower chin YGWO5fqju0M-00046-00010176-00010475 It’s just that your lower chin is well developed when your head and face is rather small YGWO5fqju0M-00047-00010475-00010675 By any chance is hair loss… YGWO5fqju0M-00048-00010687-00010977 Is there no other cure aside from removing your testicles? YGWO5fqju0M-00049-00010977-00011192 Kyle: There is medicine or hair transplant YGWO5fqju0M-00050-00011274-00011524 I guess it’s a decision of giving up on children or hair.. YGWO5fqju0M-00051-00011524-00011861 It’s super important to match your hair YGWO5fqju0M-00052-00011861-00012365 If it’s dark or bright in separate areas, it further accentuates the hair loss YGWO5fqju0M-00053-00012365-00012642 So the key point is to make sure they’re aligned YGWO5fqju0M-00054-00012642-00012917 And today, let’s dye your scalp YGWO5fqju0M-00055-00012917-00013254 By doing that, we can prevent it from looking empty YGWO5fqju0M-00056-00013254-00013633 Now, this is the start… Do you see that heavy-looking thing? YGWO5fqju0M-00057-00013668-00013847 This is all useless hair YGWO5fqju0M-00058-00013870-00013972 Sons of the devil YGWO5fqju0M-00059-00013972-00014230 Adios! 3, 2, 1! YGWO5fqju0M-00060-00014230-00014434 (Removing the weeds) YGWO5fqju0M-00061-00014662-00014801 Once again YGWO5fqju0M-00062-00014943-00015105 And again YGWO5fqju0M-00063-00015180-00015315 Like that YGWO5fqju0M-00064-00015315-00015627 (Cleaning up) YGWO5fqju0M-00065-00015924-00016232 (Detailing with scissors) YGWO5fqju0M-00066-00016291-00016458 Seeing you cut my hair like this YGWO5fqju0M-00067-00016489-00016805 Guest: Kyle is communicating with my hair YGWO5fqju0M-00068-00016805-00017340 Guest: Can you please tell my hair to stay where they are? YGWO5fqju0M-00069-00017369-00017454 It’s embarrassing~ YGWO5fqju0M-00070-00017454-00017655 Kyle: I’m pretty much done the cut now YGWO5fqju0M-00071-00017655-00017906 (Preparing for the scalp dye) YGWO5fqju0M-00072-00017906-00018109 Get darker~ get darker~ YGWO5fqju0M-00073-00018109-00018308 Please get darker~ (Believe!!!) YGWO5fqju0M-00074-00018308-00018500 Kyle: You don’t seem as desperate as I thought? YGWO5fqju0M-00075-00018500-00018626 Guest: I’m very desperate now YGWO5fqju0M-00076-00018626-00018813 Kyle: Just now? Suddenly? Then that won’t work YGWO5fqju0M-00077-00018813-00019097 Guest: Have you ever begged for hair for 8 years? YGWO5fqju0M-00078-00019097-00019297 Guest: Witnessing your hair strands fall away YGWO5fqju0M-00079-00019297-00019586 Guest: Seeing those 8 strands of hair as you wake up everyday… YGWO5fqju0M-00080-00019617-00019751 Please get darker.. YGWO5fqju0M-00081-00020405-00020724 Kyle: I’ll clean up your eyebrows now! You’ll see a big difference YGWO5fqju0M-00082-00020724-00020835 Please close your eyes~ YGWO5fqju0M-00083-00021177-00021376 (Left is the cleaned up eyebrows and right is the untouched) YGWO5fqju0M-00084-00021376-00021783 Guest: I look quite different with my eyebrows trimmed YGWO5fqju0M-00085-00021783-00022077 Kyle: No, this is how you’ve always looked! Guest: Is that right? YGWO5fqju0M-00086-00022123-00022328 Kyle: You were always handsome YGWO5fqju0M-00087-00022328-00022550 (Charged with confidence by 2000%) YGWO5fqju0M-00088-00022584-00022701 Friends: Wow he actually looks really good? YGWO5fqju0M-00089-00022701-00022899 I was always good looking to begin with YGWO5fqju0M-00090-00022899-00023238 After getting my haircut, I realized I was always a good looking fella YIBMyl9pVNE-00000-00000225-00000425 Merry Christmas~ YIBMyl9pVNE-00001-00000761-00001088 This content was filmed thoroughly followed by Corona quarantine rules YIBMyl9pVNE-00002-00001558-00001758 Shall we start with 'Y.G.X. Ya~'? YIBMyl9pVNE-00003-00001857-00001967 Won't people get tired of it now? YIBMyl9pVNE-00004-00001992-00002074 Sorry.. YIBMyl9pVNE-00005-00002162-00002256 Do you want to do it? YIBMyl9pVNE-00006-00002304-00002400 Yes, I want! YIBMyl9pVNE-00007-00002480-00002680 Hello Everyone~! YIBMyl9pVNE-00008-00002680-00002752 We are... YIBMyl9pVNE-00009-00003425-00003534 Hello~? YIBMyl9pVNE-00010-00003569-00003685 Why are we all here? YIBMyl9pVNE-00011-00003737-00004063 To celebrate Christmas, we have YGX dancers YIBMyl9pVNE-00012-00004063-00004230 and our special guests YIBMyl9pVNE-00013-00004383-00004583 Your friends are here right now YIBMyl9pVNE-00014-00004839-00004952 It's gonna be so much fun! YIBMyl9pVNE-00015-00004996-00005118 What are we watching? YIBMyl9pVNE-00016-00005196-00005396 I will show you the pre-interview of your friends YIBMyl9pVNE-00017-00005434-00005563 So, you recorded this? YIBMyl9pVNE-00018-00005624-00005818 My friend doesn't have a lot of skills when putting on makeup, YIBMyl9pVNE-00019-00005818-00005961 so her eyebrows are always uneven YIBMyl9pVNE-00020-00006017-00006271 So I taught her how to put on makeup, YIBMyl9pVNE-00021-00006271-00006447 so she's gotten a lot better now YIBMyl9pVNE-00022-00006481-00006768 My friend really likes the word "Kkyu" YIBMyl9pVNE-00023-00006768-00007055 She always uses the word "Kkyu" at the end of every sentence YIBMyl9pVNE-00024-00007120-00007380 My friend once bought a trendy long coat, YIBMyl9pVNE-00025-00007380-00007514 but it came down to her feet YIBMyl9pVNE-00026-00007514-00007722 so she fixed it and wear it YIBMyl9pVNE-00027-00007814-00008014 I think I know her friend YIBMyl9pVNE-00028-00008043-00008119 I have no idea who that is, YIBMyl9pVNE-00029-00008119-00008243 Is it you? ISAK? YIBMyl9pVNE-00030-00008262-00008312 NO WAY! YIBMyl9pVNE-00031-00008356-00008441 Or is it you, JIHYO? YIBMyl9pVNE-00032-00008449-00008517 I don't think it's me YIBMyl9pVNE-00033-00008517-00008579 I think you are YIBMyl9pVNE-00034-00008579-00008736 Seems like you have uneven eyebrows YIBMyl9pVNE-00035-00008744-00008944 Excuse Me! I went to shop before this! YIBMyl9pVNE-00036-00008959-00009103 The person who loves to use 'Kkyu' is... YIBMyl9pVNE-00037-00009103-00009303 Shall we go next step? YIBMyl9pVNE-00038-00009364-00009564 My friend is a lyricist YIBMyl9pVNE-00039-00009564-00009687 Even though she heard this song for a long time YIBMyl9pVNE-00040-00009687-00009887 She always gets it wrong YIBMyl9pVNE-00041-00009887-00010087 But she always keep singing with wrong lyrics all the time YIBMyl9pVNE-00042-00010211-00010435 My friend needs to rank the delicious food YIBMyl9pVNE-00043-00010435-00010625 after eating at a restaurant YIBMyl9pVNE-00044-00010684-00010775 This is so you YIBMyl9pVNE-00045-00010775-00010941 If the food she ordered becomes the least delicious, YIBMyl9pVNE-00046-00010941-00011056 she gets disappointed YIBMyl9pVNE-00047-00011123-00011331 My friend sets the alarm setting up an hour apart YIBMyl9pVNE-00048-00011331-00011628 2-3 hours before waking up YIBMyl9pVNE-00049-00011664-00011825 The reason is that she feels good to wake up YIBMyl9pVNE-00050-00011825-00012069 in the middle and wake up again YIBMyl9pVNE-00051-00012081-00012194 But the problem is!! YIBMyl9pVNE-00052-00012194-00012419 She didn't wake up to the alarm, YIBMyl9pVNE-00053-00012419-00012600 so I had to turn it off instead YIBMyl9pVNE-00054-00012643-00012760 It sounds like me YIBMyl9pVNE-00055-00012760-00012865 It doesn't sound like someone else's story YIBMyl9pVNE-00056-00012904-00013010 I think.. YIBMyl9pVNE-00057-00013010-00013122 That's totally not me YIBMyl9pVNE-00058-00013122-00013256 Considering that it's not true, YIBMyl9pVNE-00059-00013256-00013369 your face is blushing YIBMyl9pVNE-00060-00013413-00013529 This is so much fun! YIBMyl9pVNE-00061-00013567-00013800 My friend was an apostle of justice YIBMyl9pVNE-00062-00013800-00013898 who protected her friends YIBMyl9pVNE-00063-00013930-00014274 When she was in elementary school, someone bullied her friend, and she went to the bully and said, YIBMyl9pVNE-00064-00014274-00014499 "Why are you bullying my friend?" YIBMyl9pVNE-00065-00014499-00014666 and protected fought for the bully YIBMyl9pVNE-00066-00014666-00014907 and that bully was me YIBMyl9pVNE-00067-00014938-00015138 This friend came to my house YIBMyl9pVNE-00068-00015170-00015417 She yelled at me to come out, YIBMyl9pVNE-00069-00015417-00015619 so I wore a kendo suit and went out with Jukdo YIBMyl9pVNE-00070-00015744-00015964 This friend is not scared of me at all YIBMyl9pVNE-00071-00015964-00016159 and yelled at me to apologize to her friend YIBMyl9pVNE-00072-00016200-00016440 I was scared by her, YIBMyl9pVNE-00073-00016440-00016889 so I pretended that I had to go to Kendo class and ran away YIBMyl9pVNE-00074-00016965-00017165 Also, my friend doesn't clean her room YIBMyl9pVNE-00075-00017165-00017215 That's JIHYO! YIBMyl9pVNE-00076-00017277-00017626 When I go to her house, she stacks piles of old stuff YIBMyl9pVNE-00077-00017676-00017874 So I nagged her a few times to clean up, YIBMyl9pVNE-00078-00017874-00018023 and now she won't let me in YIBMyl9pVNE-00079-00018122-00018247 My friend pretends to be strong YIBMyl9pVNE-00080-00018247-00018313 This is so JIHYO! YIBMyl9pVNE-00081-00018363-00018703 We went on a trip together and drank a lot YIBMyl9pVNE-00082-00018751-00018939 so I threw up in the bathroom, and she said, YIBMyl9pVNE-00083-00018939-00019103 "Are you throwing up after drinking this?" YIBMyl9pVNE-00084-00019103-00019371 She teased me YIBMyl9pVNE-00085-00019371-00019553 and then in the car on our way back, YIBMyl9pVNE-00086-00019553-00019727 Okay! Okay! Enough! YIBMyl9pVNE-00087-00019727-00019881 I'll leave it up to your imagination YIBMyl9pVNE-00088-00019881-00020006 That's outrageous~ YIBMyl9pVNE-00089-00020006-00020056 Goodbye guys~ YIBMyl9pVNE-00090-00020056-00020171 I'm going back home! YIBMyl9pVNE-00091-00020171-00020221 Let's forget about this! YIBMyl9pVNE-00092-00020221-00020271 Goodbye~ YIBMyl9pVNE-00093-00020496-00020696 Not letting in because of nagging YIBMyl9pVNE-00094-00020793-00021021 That's so JIHYO, because she did the same thing to me! YIBMyl9pVNE-00095-00021301-00021501 "Don't come to my house if you are going to nag me!" YIBMyl9pVNE-00096-00021546-00021707 I once went to her house, YIBMyl9pVNE-00097-00021707-00021852 and told her to clean up her room YIBMyl9pVNE-00098-00021885-00022032 then she's like "Don't come to my house from now on!" YIBMyl9pVNE-00099-00022098-00022298 I think first one is me YIBMyl9pVNE-00100-00022510-00022710 But I thought first one was referring to JIHYO YIBMyl9pVNE-00101-00022710-00022845 Me, too! YIBMyl9pVNE-00102-00022889-00022986 Were you not good at makeup in the first place? YIBMyl9pVNE-00103-00022986-00023289 I did all make-up with eyebrow brush YIBMyl9pVNE-00104-00023658-00023830 Let's call it a frugal spirit YIBMyl9pVNE-00105-00023921-00024077 Please come in YIBMyl9pVNE-00106-00024697-00025054 Hello, I'm Minjung, I've been close with ISAK since university YIBMyl9pVNE-00107-00025054-00025118 for 5 years YIBMyl9pVNE-00108-00025199-00025468 and now I'm working as a barista YIBMyl9pVNE-00109-00025686-00026072 I am Oh Eun-hyung, who runs a beauty shop YIBMyl9pVNE-00110-00026072-00026440 and raising a 3-year-old baby YIBMyl9pVNE-00111-00026484-00026684 That's my big sis~ YIBMyl9pVNE-00112-00026797-00027046 I'm Min Yujin, who runs a clothing business with Jihyo YIBMyl9pVNE-00113-00027046-00027539 and Metabus-related business YIBMyl9pVNE-00114-00027677-00027880 The introduction is definitely different YIBMyl9pVNE-00115-00027880-00028030 Let's re-shoot the intro again YIBMyl9pVNE-00116-00028209-00028409 She used to be a dancer just like me YIBMyl9pVNE-00117-00028459-00028782 When she was pregnant, YIBMyl9pVNE-00118-00028782-00029001 she did a workshop with me YIBMyl9pVNE-00119-00029049-00029153 When she was almost due? YIBMyl9pVNE-00120-00029153-00029203 Yes YIBMyl9pVNE-00121-00029221-00029304 How? She grabbed her stomach? YIBMyl9pVNE-00122-00029304-00029504 She put her stomach out YIBMyl9pVNE-00123-00029541-00029741 (Eun-hyeong) (YEOJIN) YIBMyl9pVNE-00124-00030190-00030741 My friend and I are doing the brand together called 'Callious' YIBMyl9pVNE-00125-00030833-00030940 How was it? YIBMyl9pVNE-00126-00030940-00031305 That your best friend became popular with that meme YIBMyl9pVNE-00127-00031336-00031536 I loved that meme (lol) YIBMyl9pVNE-00128-00032602-00032983 My friend gets cold easily YIBMyl9pVNE-00129-00033000-00033200 That's a bit random YIBMyl9pVNE-00130-00033279-00033626 We studied practical dance YIBMyl9pVNE-00131-00033626-00033884 at Myongji University for 4 years YIBMyl9pVNE-00132-00033884-00034280 We performed all stages together from freshman to graduation YIBMyl9pVNE-00133-00034363-00034563 (ISAK) (Minjung) YIBMyl9pVNE-00134-00035034-00035287 (Eating and updating their recent days) YIBMyl9pVNE-00135-00035352-00035552 Did you all enjoy your meal? YIBMyl9pVNE-00136-00035738-00035903 Since you ate calories, YIBMyl9pVNE-00137-00035903-00036165 we prepared a time to burn calories YIBMyl9pVNE-00138-00036257-00036457 Have you heard of "Just Dance"? YIBMyl9pVNE-00139-00036500-00036621 I've heard of it YIBMyl9pVNE-00140-00036621-00036741 I know about it YIBMyl9pVNE-00141-00036741-00036838 I've just heard of it YIBMyl9pVNE-00142-00036838-00037038 I do not know about it YIBMyl9pVNE-00143-00037303-00037678 YGX got a "Just Dance" PPL YIBMyl9pVNE-00144-00037821-00038021 Bring it Bring it! YIBMyl9pVNE-00145-00038191-00038266 YGX! YIBMyl9pVNE-00146-00038266-00038400 Finally! YIBMyl9pVNE-00147-00038603-00038803 got a PPL! YIBMyl9pVNE-00148-00038832-00039026 Thank You 'Just Dance' ! YIBMyl9pVNE-00149-00039053-00039327 Thanks to 'Just Dance' for PPL YIBMyl9pVNE-00150-00039503-00039604 How much have you danced? (to friends) YIBMyl9pVNE-00151-00039638-00039969 I went and performed in competition with YEOJIN YIBMyl9pVNE-00152-00039969-00040200 and a former-dancer YIBMyl9pVNE-00153-00040239-00040498 I danced for about YIBMyl9pVNE-00154-00040498-00040672 7 years since high school YIBMyl9pVNE-00155-00040925-00041308 I've never dance before YIBMyl9pVNE-00156-00041352-00041521 I've never worked dance-related job YIBMyl9pVNE-00157-00041521-00041811 I came here because I heard everyone was ordinary people YIBMyl9pVNE-00158-00041836-00042017 Your hair is the most fancy here YIBMyl9pVNE-00159-00042017-00042155 Your hair is just like a dancer YIBMyl9pVNE-00160-00042349-00042434 I'm looking forward to see your dance YIBMyl9pVNE-00161-00042591-00042791 I think she's the main for this video YIBMyl9pVNE-00162-00042845-00043045 Rather good! YIBMyl9pVNE-00163-00043045-00043222 (Check out her moments!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00164-00043222-00043394 Even those who don't dance YIBMyl9pVNE-00165-00043394-00043547 can do it easily YIBMyl9pVNE-00166-00043639-00043839 I'll show you that! YIBMyl9pVNE-00167-00044050-00044175 Will dancers be better at 'Just Dance'than ordinary people? (Practice Game) YIBMyl9pVNE-00168-00044234-00044347 (Selecting Tracks) YIBMyl9pVNE-00169-00044424-00044570 (Selecting Characters) YIBMyl9pVNE-00170-00044581-00044781 (MUSIC: Lizzo - Juice) YIBMyl9pVNE-00171-00045601-00045801 Let's Minjung! YIBMyl9pVNE-00172-00046640-00046930 (Yujin is struggling between the two) YIBMyl9pVNE-00173-00047069-00047214 Why am I cheering for Yujin? YIBMyl9pVNE-00174-00047277-00047346 You can do it! YIBMyl9pVNE-00175-00047367-00047417 You CAN DO IT! YIBMyl9pVNE-00176-00048154-00048354 Fighting..!! Yujin! YIBMyl9pVNE-00177-00048739-00048847 I'll show you what I got YIBMyl9pVNE-00178-00049596-00049755 (sounds like cry of a newborn baby) YIBMyl9pVNE-00179-00049848-00050048 Way to go my sis! YIBMyl9pVNE-00180-00050048-00050098 Let's go! YIBMyl9pVNE-00181-00050145-00050345 Did you prepare this? YIBMyl9pVNE-00182-00050576-00050848 (Seems like Minjung and Eun-hyeong really prepared for this) YIBMyl9pVNE-00183-00051646-00051827 Take a breathe! YIBMyl9pVNE-00184-00051827-00051989 (Ending goes to Minjung) YIBMyl9pVNE-00185-00052426-00052566 My sis is first! YIBMyl9pVNE-00186-00052588-00052726 (Practice Game for Norm Team Ends) YIBMyl9pVNE-00187-00052949-00053149 (YGX Team) YIBMyl9pVNE-00188-00053158-00053358 (MUSIC: aespa - Black Mamba) YIBMyl9pVNE-00189-00053872-00054072 Sweep your butt YIBMyl9pVNE-00190-00054114-00054246 What's wrong with the hand? YIBMyl9pVNE-00191-00054600-00054740 They're speechless YIBMyl9pVNE-00192-00054761-00054871 (Super focused mode) YIBMyl9pVNE-00193-00055004-00055204 (Black Mamba's signature choreo) YIBMyl9pVNE-00194-00057411-00057611 She's so serious! YIBMyl9pVNE-00195-00058030-00058200 Put more emotion into this! YIBMyl9pVNE-00196-00058233-00058433 (Yujin is amazed) YIBMyl9pVNE-00197-00059578-00059778 (3-second rule) YIBMyl9pVNE-00198-00059883-00060083 We did good on the last part YIBMyl9pVNE-00199-00060142-00060342 YEOJIN 9904 Points (1st) YIBMyl9pVNE-00200-00060525-00060691 (Not satisfied with her points) YIBMyl9pVNE-00201-00060754-00060954 (Much higher than Norm Team) YIBMyl9pVNE-00202-00061242-00061779 Professional dancers will play a total of three games YIBMyl9pVNE-00203-00061779-00062090 under the theme of how much better they will be YIBMyl9pVNE-00204-00062090-00062292 at "Just Dance" than ordinary people YIBMyl9pVNE-00205-00062307-00062530 It's a fact that dancers have more advantages YIBMyl9pVNE-00206-00062530-00062787 for this game, right? YIBMyl9pVNE-00207-00062811-00062953 So for YGX, YIBMyl9pVNE-00208-00062953-00063161 they get a handicap for every single game YIBMyl9pVNE-00209-00063274-00063400 Why you guys are so happy?! YIBMyl9pVNE-00210-00063546-00063805 The first one is Yujin! YIBMyl9pVNE-00211-00063847-00063963 (MUSIC: TWICE - FANCY) YIBMyl9pVNE-00212-00064017-00064217 (Confused Yujin) YIBMyl9pVNE-00213-00064911-00065077 (The unfamiliar side of a friend she has never seen before) YIBMyl9pVNE-00214-00065535-00065850 (NORM TEAM is helping Yujin) YIBMyl9pVNE-00215-00066080-00066280 (Timid heart choreo) YIBMyl9pVNE-00216-00066312-00066512 What am I doing right now! YIBMyl9pVNE-00217-00067319-00067499 (It's her first time dancing) YIBMyl9pVNE-00218-00067499-00067843 (and she dances between the camera and the dance experts) YIBMyl9pVNE-00219-00068100-00068300 (Even though it was embarrassing, Yujin did it to the end) YIBMyl9pVNE-00220-00068334-00068534 (What would be her score) YIBMyl9pVNE-00221-00068768-00068968 It's high! YIBMyl9pVNE-00222-00069053-00069253 Yujin 10819 Points!!! YIBMyl9pVNE-00223-00069731-00069869 (She's higher than ours...?) YIBMyl9pVNE-00224-00070007-00070207 I'll show you what I got YIBMyl9pVNE-00225-00070221-00070477 The first handicap is... YIBMyl9pVNE-00226-00070477-00070676 Dance with narrow sight! YIBMyl9pVNE-00227-00071082-00071372 (It's hard to find a character with the handicap) YIBMyl9pVNE-00228-00071524-00071602 (MUSIC: Domino Saints - My Way) YIBMyl9pVNE-00229-00071605-00071674 What's the color? YIBMyl9pVNE-00230-00071674-00071724 With more feel! YIBMyl9pVNE-00231-00071724-00071924 With more feel? YIBMyl9pVNE-00232-00072032-00072347 Will ISAK do good job on this? YIBMyl9pVNE-00233-00072618-00072740 You are killing it! YIBMyl9pVNE-00234-00072811-00072867 Is it right? YIBMyl9pVNE-00235-00073200-00073400 ISAK will have a turtle neck after this! YIBMyl9pVNE-00236-00073496-00073650 (Turtle neck in exchange for sight) YIBMyl9pVNE-00237-00074054-00074254 ISAK WOO! ISAK WOO! YIBMyl9pVNE-00238-00074254-00074454 ISAK WOO! ISAK WOO! YIBMyl9pVNE-00239-00074454-00074604 ISAK WOO! ISAK WOO! YIBMyl9pVNE-00240-00074850-00075050 Leggo! YIBMyl9pVNE-00241-00075085-00075285 Last spurt! YIBMyl9pVNE-00242-00075600-00075678 Wait up YIBMyl9pVNE-00243-00075678-00075747 Wait up YIBMyl9pVNE-00244-00075747-00075797 Where did it go? YIBMyl9pVNE-00245-00075873-00076005 Is this right? (doubting) YIBMyl9pVNE-00246-00076005-00076061 Yes! YIBMyl9pVNE-00247-00076061-00076217 You're doing great! YIBMyl9pVNE-00248-00076533-00076733 (What would be ISAK's score?) YIBMyl9pVNE-00249-00077005-00077205 I think I cannot go over 10,000 Points YIBMyl9pVNE-00250-00077205-00077452 9714 Points YIBMyl9pVNE-00251-00077452-00077518 You almost made it YIBMyl9pVNE-00252-00077540-00077653 (It was very close!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00253-00077664-00077864 This handicap is too crucial! YIBMyl9pVNE-00254-00077999-00078199 (Minjung & Eun-hyeong's turn) YIBMyl9pVNE-00255-00078221-00078421 (MUSIC: Sevdaliza - HUMAN) YIBMyl9pVNE-00256-00078632-00078779 It started! YIBMyl9pVNE-00257-00078792-00078992 An extraordinary start! YIBMyl9pVNE-00258-00079181-00079381 (They used to be professional dancers!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00259-00079449-00079649 You guys have crazy details! YIBMyl9pVNE-00260-00079664-00079864 You also need to have handicap, too! YIBMyl9pVNE-00261-00080616-00080816 We picked wrong people! YIBMyl9pVNE-00262-00081073-00081245 Characters are so cool! YIBMyl9pVNE-00263-00081252-00081452 (Graphic of HUMAN is nice) YIBMyl9pVNE-00264-00081466-00081575 They are in sync! YIBMyl9pVNE-00265-00081698-00081898 Minjung! You are so sexy! YIBMyl9pVNE-00266-00081950-00082150 Show your mom power! (Eunhyeong) YIBMyl9pVNE-00267-00082171-00082371 (They actually..) YIBMyl9pVNE-00268-00082414-00082720 (met each other for the first time..) YIBMyl9pVNE-00269-00082984-00083318 (They've gotten really close somehow) YIBMyl9pVNE-00270-00083655-00083855 Gather it, Gather it YIBMyl9pVNE-00271-00083876-00084076 (Gathering the energy of space) YIBMyl9pVNE-00272-00084250-00084391 You were hunger for dance YIBMyl9pVNE-00273-00084496-00084696 How did you endure that energy! YIBMyl9pVNE-00274-00085267-00085467 (Minjung The ending fairy) YIBMyl9pVNE-00275-00085553-00085753 (However, the score is 3336 points!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00276-00085889-00086058 Why are they lower than my score? YIBMyl9pVNE-00277-00086058-00086208 Mysterious Win for Yujin YIBMyl9pVNE-00278-00086543-00086743 Hey! What are you bringing here! YIBMyl9pVNE-00279-00086743-00086861 (YEOJIN has discovered something) YIBMyl9pVNE-00280-00087030-00087167 (Handicap for round 2 is acupressure plate) YIBMyl9pVNE-00281-00087167-00087345 (MUSIC: BLACKPINK X Selena Gomez - Ice Cream) YIBMyl9pVNE-00282-00087880-00088014 There are a lot of jumping parts! YIBMyl9pVNE-00283-00088014-00088214 (Hardcore Jumping Parts!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00284-00088374-00088574 (About to cry) YIBMyl9pVNE-00285-00088818-00089018 (But they are professional enough to control their pain) YIBMyl9pVNE-00286-00089198-00089351 (YEOJIN's character is keep sitting) YIBMyl9pVNE-00287-00089351-00089464 What's wrong with my character! YIBMyl9pVNE-00288-00090018-00090125 (What a reflection) YIBMyl9pVNE-00289-00090125-00090296 You almost got hit YIBMyl9pVNE-00290-00090678-00090832 I'm drooling! YIBMyl9pVNE-00291-00090973-00091173 (Main camera enters) YIBMyl9pVNE-00292-00091268-00091468 (Main camera exits) YIBMyl9pVNE-00293-00091776-00092120 (YEOJIN & JIHYO is getting healthy) YIBMyl9pVNE-00294-00092430-00092590 She's so funny when she says 'Ouch'!! YIBMyl9pVNE-00295-00092616-00092816 (YEOJIN accidentally pressed the stop button) (Maybe not) YIBMyl9pVNE-00296-00092918-00093118 You didn't press it on purpose because you were tired, right? YIBMyl9pVNE-00297-00093186-00093292 (Eye contact) YIBMyl9pVNE-00298-00093292-00093342 (Shush) YIBMyl9pVNE-00299-00093468-00093668 Are you ready? YIBMyl9pVNE-00300-00094784-00094959 (Round 2 is over!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00301-00094959-00095159 This has to be perfect score! YIBMyl9pVNE-00302-00095966-00096244 (YGX's score is 9304 Points!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00303-00096300-00096578 (YEOJIN left with regrets) YIBMyl9pVNE-00304-00096792-00096942 The last game is Sweet Mode! YIBMyl9pVNE-00305-00096942-00097145 It displays calorie consumption in real time YIBMyl9pVNE-00306-00097267-00097421 You can dance in freestyle! YIBMyl9pVNE-00307-00097421-00097612 The team that consumes more calories wins! YIBMyl9pVNE-00308-00097717-00097879 I can see the calories! YIBMyl9pVNE-00309-00097891-00098091 (MUSIC: HEY MAMA) YIBMyl9pVNE-00310-00098174-00098374 YEOJIN vs Eunhyeong YIBMyl9pVNE-00311-00098980-00099180 A fierce dance to burn calories! YIBMyl9pVNE-00312-00100048-00100248 Both teams' enthusiastic cheers! YIBMyl9pVNE-00313-00101280-00101480 (JIHYO replaced YEOJIN!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00314-00101734-00101934 JIHYO vs Minjung YIBMyl9pVNE-00315-00102809-00103009 Burning calories intensively! YIBMyl9pVNE-00316-00103341-00103541 ISAK vs Yujin YIBMyl9pVNE-00317-00103882-00104181 (Two are about to break the floor) YIBMyl9pVNE-00318-00105006-00105215 Rematch: YEOJIN vs Eunhyeong YIBMyl9pVNE-00319-00105215-00105493 (It's a random dance, but somehow it's cool) YIBMyl9pVNE-00320-00105598-00105966 (Music finally coming to an end!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00321-00106182-00106382 (GAMEOVER!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00322-00106921-00107121 (Round 3 goes to NORM TEAM) YIBMyl9pVNE-00323-00107344-00107544 (Exhausted) YIBMyl9pVNE-00324-00107695-00107780 (Both teams did their best) YIBMyl9pVNE-00325-00107780-00107980 lost but we did a good job!! YIBMyl9pVNE-00326-00108023-00108223 You did great! YIBMyl9pVNE-00327-00108251-00108333 Did I? YIBMyl9pVNE-00328-00108524-00108724 Today's MVP is Yujin! YIBMyl9pVNE-00329-00108733-00108933 (It's her first time dancing, but) (The highest score, 10819 points!) YIBMyl9pVNE-00330-00109023-00109182 Below 10,000 pts? YIBMyl9pVNE-00331-00109273-00109414 Below 10,000 pts? YIBMyl9pVNE-00332-00109414-00109541 You guys are mean! YIBMyl9pVNE-00333-00109650-00109850 I really don't like cardio YIBMyl9pVNE-00334-00109862-00110003 Even though I exercise YIBMyl9pVNE-00335-00110003-00110157 I only like to do weights YIBMyl9pVNE-00336-00110157-00110325 and cardio is a little boring for me YIBMyl9pVNE-00337-00110325-00110426 But! YIBMyl9pVNE-00338-00110426-00110585 This is a fun activity YIBMyl9pVNE-00339-00110585-00110785 You told me, you don't like to play the game! YIBMyl9pVNE-00340-00110800-00111000 She's the most satisfied right now. YIBMyl9pVNE-00341-00111019-00111182 It was real fun YIBMyl9pVNE-00342-00111182-00111361 and it would be a good game to play with family YIBMyl9pVNE-00343-00111361-00111504 on Happy New Years YIBMyl9pVNE-00344-00111504-00111558 That's good idea! YIBMyl9pVNE-00345-00111566-00111688 It would be so much fun! YIBMyl9pVNE-00346-00111688-00111888 You can take it to your home! YIBMyl9pVNE-00347-00111922-00112231 This game would be so good to play with friends or family! YIBMyl9pVNE-00348-00112231-00112338 It would be so fun! YIBMyl9pVNE-00349-00112339-00112539 I'm a bit worried about the noise between floors though YIBMyl9pVNE-00350-00112643-00112843 One thing that I'm impressed is.. YIBMyl9pVNE-00351-00112843-00112992 You both did HUMAN YIBMyl9pVNE-00352-00112992-00113192 I really loved the graphic of it YIBMyl9pVNE-00353-00113192-00113305 Very fancy! YIBMyl9pVNE-00354-00113305-00113430 It was out of world thing YIBMyl9pVNE-00355-00113495-00113655 For this match YIBMyl9pVNE-00356-00113655-00113855 We lost! YIBMyl9pVNE-00357-00113961-00114161 Yes we won! YIBMyl9pVNE-00358-00114179-00114336 Today's winning team is! YIBMyl9pVNE-00359-00114336-00114486 Norm TEAM! YIBMyl9pVNE-00360-00114621-00114961 (PRIZES: 'Just Dance 2022', Hoodie, Hat, Nintendo Pack, YGX members gifts, and etc.) YIBMyl9pVNE-00361-00114976-00115086 Isn't this YELL's gift? YIBMyl9pVNE-00362-00115091-00115291 Hey YELL! YIBMyl9pVNE-00363-00115544-00115744 Gifts are provided by YELL! YIBMyl9pVNE-00364-00116216-00116413 Yay~ I get to play this at home! YIBMyl9pVNE-00365-00116413-00116550 (Yujin fell in love playing 'Just Dance') YIBMyl9pVNE-00366-00116553-00116806 Don't have any prizes for us? YIBMyl9pVNE-00367-00116806-00116890 because we lost? YIBMyl9pVNE-00368-00116931-00117131 Actually, we have yours, too! YIBMyl9pVNE-00369-00117485-00117582 Thank You 'Just Dance'! YIBMyl9pVNE-00370-00117778-00117886 Nowadays, YIBMyl9pVNE-00371-00117886-00118016 we don't have much time, YIBMyl9pVNE-00372-00118016-00118096 and everybody is busy YIBMyl9pVNE-00373-00118117-00118287 But I'm happy that we could meet each other YIBMyl9pVNE-00374-00118287-00118477 and make good memories YIBMyl9pVNE-00375-00118477-00118647 because of this content YIBMyl9pVNE-00376-00118647-00118800 We had a really great time! YIBMyl9pVNE-00377-00118819-00119019 We don't know when this kind of day will come again YIBMyl9pVNE-00378-00119019-00119069 Right~ YIBMyl9pVNE-00379-00119069-00119234 I had a great time at the end of the year YIBMyl9pVNE-00380-00119234-00119490 Let's play 'Just Dance' every December! YIBMyl9pVNE-00381-00119521-00119700 We should! YIBMyl9pVNE-00382-00119704-00119867 Every year! YIBMyl9pVNE-00383-00119937-00120137 Shall we say bye together? YIBMyl9pVNE-00384-00120179-00120379 Please give love and support to YGX YIBMyl9pVNE-00385-00120393-00120892 Like! Subscribe! Set the alarm, too! YIBMyl9pVNE-00386-00121548-00121748 Thank you for your efforts. We'll end the shoot. YIBMyl9pVNE-00387-00121996-00122140 It's very tiring! YIBMyl9pVNE-00388-00122174-00122355 We are still tired YIBMyl9pVNE-00389-00122356-00122556 Let's play this one more time! YIBMyl9pVNE-00390-00122691-00122891 I saw you were having so much fun! YIBMyl9pVNE-00391-00123058-00123218 I want to use that cone! YIBMyl9pVNE-00392-00123218-00123336 Wear the cone and do it! YIBMyl9pVNE-00393-00123336-00123386 Can't see anything with this! YIBMyl9pVNE-00394-00123402-00123602 Do it with acupressure plate YIBMyl9pVNE-00395-00123612-00123756 It hurts too much! YIBMyl9pVNE-00396-00123756-00123834 You'll get healthier though! YIBMyl9pVNE-00397-00123885-00124085 Not going back without perfect score! YIBMyl9pVNE-00398-00124204-00124485 You can't go out until you get perfect score! YIBMyl9pVNE-00399-00124506-00124678 You can leave YIBMyl9pVNE-00400-00124828-00125190 (Now we gotta leave...) YIBMyl9pVNE-00401-00125396-00125596 Now we are really going to end it YIBMyl9pVNE-00402-00125597-00125797 After this! YIBMyl9pVNE-00403-00126043-00126243 I'm 1st right now! YIBMyl9pVNE-00404-00127041-00127241 Thanks for your appearance! (Minjung, Eunhyeong, Yujin) YNAWnI0ECLU-00000-00001395-00002078 >> Intro speaker unknown: Okay welcome back, we finally got the slides uploaded and we are going YNAWnI0ECLU-00001-00002078-00002581 to start with a presentation by Chris, Chris and Holger have been working YNAWnI0ECLU-00002-00002581-00003141 on a hazard index approach for determining the cumulative exposure YNAWnI0ECLU-00003-00003141-00003536 to phthalates using bio-monitoring data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00004-00003536-00004345 So we want to walk through this and open up discussion among the committee members, Chris. YNAWnI0ECLU-00005-00004345-00004657 >> Chris: But I would like to start by saying this is just draft form, YNAWnI0ECLU-00006-00004657-00005151 so please keep that in mind as we go through this. YNAWnI0ECLU-00007-00005151-00007236 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00008-00007236-00007465 >> Chris: Okay I am pushing arrows, what is happening? YNAWnI0ECLU-00009-00007465-00007851 Oh I will do that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00010-00007851-00009143 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00011-00009143-00010089 >> Chris: So just to remind us, the form of the hazard index is given here, so what we are going YNAWnI0ECLU-00012-00010089-00010748 to do is estimate the daily intake from [inaudible] data on a per subject basis. YNAWnI0ECLU-00013-00010748-00011528 So we will kind of step through that approach using some work that Holger has done. YNAWnI0ECLU-00014-00011528-00011763 The reference doses we are actually going to look YNAWnI0ECLU-00015-00011763-00012030 at in two different ways, case one and case two. YNAWnI0ECLU-00016-00012030-00012552 Case one is going to be based on the approach that Andreas presented to us YNAWnI0ECLU-00017-00012552-00013241 on our first meeting and then a second approach that we kind of put together. YNAWnI0ECLU-00018-00013241-00013585 Okay, so our objective again is to look at the distribution of the hazard index, YNAWnI0ECLU-00019-00013585-00014188 so again that approach is going to be not to estimate the daily intake at the median level YNAWnI0ECLU-00020-00014188-00014724 or the 95 percentile, but it is on a per subject basis what their real exposures was YNAWnI0ECLU-00021-00014724-00015101 as estimated from their metabolite. YNAWnI0ECLU-00022-00015101-00015562 So we are going to start this in two ways, the first way YNAWnI0ECLU-00023-00015562-00016047 or the first thing we did is we included seven different phthalates, it is the sixth phthalates YNAWnI0ECLU-00024-00016047-00016883 that we added the diisobutyl phthalates, which is not I think on the list of our six YNAWnI0ECLU-00025-00016883-00017448 and then we are looking at additional antigen, anti-antigens, YNAWnI0ECLU-00026-00017448-00017780 the [inaudible] paraben and probyl paraben. YNAWnI0ECLU-00027-00017780-00018260 Again there may be others that we should add, but this is just a demonstration YNAWnI0ECLU-00028-00018260-00018663 of what we could do to add additional chemicals to see the affect YNAWnI0ECLU-00029-00018663-00018953 of additional chemicals besides just the phthalates. YNAWnI0ECLU-00030-00018953-00019713 Okay, so we are going to use the NHANES 2005 and 6 and from the discussion this morning, YNAWnI0ECLU-00031-00019713-00020089 I am wondering should we actually go back and do this on the 2003 YNAWnI0ECLU-00032-00020089-00020329 and 4 data because of the fasting. YNAWnI0ECLU-00033-00020329-00020662 I mean that may be something we can think about. YNAWnI0ECLU-00034-00020662-00021196 Right now we are looking at 6 to 19, it is really less than 19 year old so we are trying YNAWnI0ECLU-00035-00021196-00021719 to focus on the children and then the two cases like I described before. YNAWnI0ECLU-00036-00021719-00022556 Okay so this is the meat of the work is the work Holger has done, calculation of daily intake YNAWnI0ECLU-00037-00022556-00022735 from these different metabolites. YNAWnI0ECLU-00038-00022735-00023175 So maybe I can just hit some highlights here and Holger if you want YNAWnI0ECLU-00039-00023175-00023520 to add things to that discussion. YNAWnI0ECLU-00040-00023520-00024874 So the daily intake is estimated from well anyway from the urinary excretion estimates YNAWnI0ECLU-00041-00024874-00025473 that come from the actual metabolite values that we can measure from NHANES. YNAWnI0ECLU-00042-00025473-00025860 The smooth creatinine and excretions, we are doing this for children YNAWnI0ECLU-00043-00025860-00026235 so there is this paper reamer [inaudible] so that the creatinine YNAWnI0ECLU-00044-00026235-00026807 and excretion rates are based on height and gender based references for the smaller kids. YNAWnI0ECLU-00045-00026807-00027404 And then we had this tabular molar ratio of metabolite excreted, YNAWnI0ECLU-00046-00027404-00027791 so this fraction excretion factor we are going to look at, YNAWnI0ECLU-00047-00027791-00028225 but some of these values we actually took from the literature, others we just sort of set, YNAWnI0ECLU-00048-00028225-00028741 because again just to push the exercise through and if we could get more information YNAWnI0ECLU-00049-00028741-00029049 about those values they set, I will show you a table of that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00050-00029049-00029435 The body weight is given for an individual child, YNAWnI0ECLU-00051-00029435-00029936 the molecular weights we can calculate as well. YNAWnI0ECLU-00052-00029936-00030698 Okay so this is the list of the phthalate monoesters that we used, they are categorized YNAWnI0ECLU-00053-00030698-00031232 by the components that would go toward a parent compound YNAWnI0ECLU-00054-00031232-00031588 and so these are the excretion factors that we use. YNAWnI0ECLU-00055-00031588-00032062 Some of these are set at 10 percent, so if we could get informed values there, YNAWnI0ECLU-00056-00032062-00032711 so essentially what we do is for example for DEHP, these would be songed [assumed spelling] YNAWnI0ECLU-00057-00032711-00033248 to get a total for that parent compound. YNAWnI0ECLU-00058-00033248-00034068 So we are going to use these values in our calculations. YNAWnI0ECLU-00059-00034068-00034694 We also have some values here that we are assuming for these other anti-antigens. YNAWnI0ECLU-00060-00034694-00035188 So we are going to look at this as a case with these phthalates and with these additional, YNAWnI0ECLU-00061-00035188-00035657 so a different case in addition to that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00062-00035657-00036078 Okay so this is a place that we could come back and reinform what we are doing. YNAWnI0ECLU-00063-00036078-00036794 Okay so I have mentioned this a couple of times, but the second case is where we looked at some YNAWnI0ECLU-00064-00036794-00037332 of the work by Earl Grey and made some assumptions and we said suppose that we assume YNAWnI0ECLU-00065-00037332-00037991 that these four are at least approximately equipotent and we look at the literature YNAWnI0ECLU-00066-00037991-00038629 and find a NOL for DAHP of 5 and then use a relative potency approach YNAWnI0ECLU-00067-00038629-00038937 to get to the DINP value. YNAWnI0ECLU-00068-00038937-00039470 When you do that and these are now values that were published in this paper YNAWnI0ECLU-00069-00039470-00039777 that we will see in the next slide. YNAWnI0ECLU-00070-00039777-00040409 So this side of the slide is essentially what is in Andreas' paper. YNAWnI0ECLU-00071-00040409-00040669 I think we set these. YNAWnI0ECLU-00072-00040669-00041113 That wasn't, those were not considered in that paper. YNAWnI0ECLU-00073-00041113-00041636 This is the case where we assumed the equipotency and then we got to RFD values there. YNAWnI0ECLU-00074-00041636-00042660 And I guess the DEP we set at 800 and standing here I can't remember how we got the 800, YNAWnI0ECLU-00075-00042660-00043136 so some of the details maybe we can go back. YNAWnI0ECLU-00076-00043136-00043685 I don't want to belabor that, but some of the details here maybe we could reconsider. YNAWnI0ECLU-00077-00043685-00044751 Okay so again the approach is if we could look at fixed reference levels, referenced doses YNAWnI0ECLU-00078-00044751-00045318 and then on a per subject basis estimate what their daily intakes are for each YNAWnI0ECLU-00079-00045318-00045803 of the phthalates that we are looking at or the anti-antigens that we are looking at YNAWnI0ECLU-00080-00045803-00046138 and then come up with a hazard index per subject and then look YNAWnI0ECLU-00081-00046138-00046471 at the distribution across subjects. YNAWnI0ECLU-00082-00046471-00047107 And then we can, I think an advantage of this approach is we can actually kind of go in YNAWnI0ECLU-00083-00047107-00047593 and simulate things with the lack of data that we know we have here. YNAWnI0ECLU-00084-00047593-00048016 I think this approach is going to address variability YNAWnI0ECLU-00085-00048016-00048412 across the population of kids that we are looking at. YNAWnI0ECLU-00086-00048412-00048884 Again this is not weighted with an NHANES weight, these are just the values YNAWnI0ECLU-00087-00048884-00049212 which I think some of the other speakers did this morning. YNAWnI0ECLU-00088-00049212-00049866 But the particular subjects that are here, we are looking at it was 950 kids, YNAWnI0ECLU-00089-00049866-00050599 age less than 19 years old, just 12 is the youngest that NHANES measured, YNAWnI0ECLU-00090-00050599-00051092 52 percent were 6 to 12, 48 percent are boys. YNAWnI0ECLU-00091-00051092-00051674 The rate remember in NHANES is spiked, it is not just representative. YNAWnI0ECLU-00092-00051674-00052091 And so you see the percentages are there. YNAWnI0ECLU-00093-00052091-00052920 Okay so what this is then is the going through this calculation like I pointed YNAWnI0ECLU-00094-00052920-00053429 out on a per subject basis, so it is like every child had their own hazard index estimated YNAWnI0ECLU-00095-00053429-00054194 from the daily intake and what you see is a distribution of the hazard index here. YNAWnI0ECLU-00096-00054194-00054624 It is off to the right, left, whichever way you are looking at it. YNAWnI0ECLU-00097-00054624-00054997 The value you may not be able to read, I can barely read them. YNAWnI0ECLU-00098-00054997-00055954 The mean is like .18, the median is .08 I think, the maximum is 6 okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00099-00055954-00056389 When I take the log based 10 of those values, you get the distribution here YNAWnI0ECLU-00100-00056389-00056708 so now what is 1 there is 0 here. YNAWnI0ECLU-00101-00056708-00057319 So we see that we are you know in the tail where beyond if we are concerned about 1 as a cutoff, YNAWnI0ECLU-00102-00057319-00057791 I don't know if we have actually identified that is the point where we are mainly concerned if we YNAWnI0ECLU-00103-00057791-00058237 like it, I think 1 is generally what people would compare to. YNAWnI0ECLU-00104-00058237-00058947 Okay so this is now the case where we use the reference doses from the Kortenkamp YNAWnI0ECLU-00105-00058947-00059599 and Phales paper, so then the question is what happens if we change the reference doses. YNAWnI0ECLU-00106-00059599-00059823 Does it change the distribution drastically? YNAWnI0ECLU-00107-00059823-00060342 So this next picture, these are the distributions now from that case too. YNAWnI0ECLU-00108-00060342-00060644 So now the reference doses have changed slightly, YNAWnI0ECLU-00109-00060644-00061516 but we still see you know somewhat similar shape in the tail part being above 1. YNAWnI0ECLU-00110-00061516-00061960 The maximum value now is much bigger now instead of 6, it is 14. YNAWnI0ECLU-00111-00061960-00062713 I don't know if we want to worry about that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00112-00062713-00063158 Okay, now this is an interesting slide, I think that we can kind of look at. YNAWnI0ECLU-00113-00063158-00063445 Let me see if I can teach you what is here. YNAWnI0ECLU-00114-00063445-00064200 So if you think about an individual child has their own hazard index, so you can go back YNAWnI0ECLU-00115-00064200-00064674 and figure out well what is the percentage of that hazard index that came from DDP YNAWnI0ECLU-00116-00064674-00064983 or that came from DDHP or that came from whatever. YNAWnI0ECLU-00117-00064983-00065604 So there is a percentage per child from their hazard index. YNAWnI0ECLU-00118-00065604-00066123 What you are looking at here is like the average percentage across the subject, YNAWnI0ECLU-00119-00066123-00066521 but I think this part is also interesting, the maximum net. YNAWnI0ECLU-00120-00066521-00066939 I think what it is telling us is although in case one 72 percent, YNAWnI0ECLU-00121-00066939-00067800 the average DEHP on a per child basis was at 72 percent of the hazard index. YNAWnI0ECLU-00122-00067800-00068177 However there was somebody with only 11 percent, YNAWnI0ECLU-00123-00068177-00068513 there was somebody with almost all from DEHP, okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00124-00068513-00069289 I think this gets to the variability that we were talking about earlier. YNAWnI0ECLU-00125-00069289-00069983 Interestingly when we change from case one to case two what we see is that DEHP still ends YNAWnI0ECLU-00126-00069983-00070639 up being the highest percentage, but now DINP ends up showing up more YNAWnI0ECLU-00127-00070639-00071444 and you know this range I think is just amazing that on the average it might be DEHP YNAWnI0ECLU-00128-00071444-00072031 and DINP are the most common in terms of the hazard index, but we are seeing children there YNAWnI0ECLU-00129-00072031-00072450 that have the complete range for each of the chemicals. YNAWnI0ECLU-00130-00072450-00072860 So I think that is kind of an interesting thing to think about. YNAWnI0ECLU-00131-00072860-00073314 We can come back to these tables, but I think that these tables can be helpful YNAWnI0ECLU-00132-00073314-00073992 because we can actually now simulate you know scenarios if we alter some YNAWnI0ECLU-00133-00073992-00074505 of these exposures what happens to the hazard index and things like that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00134-00074505-00074780 So I will show you a little bit of that coming up. YNAWnI0ECLU-00135-00074780-00075294 I am assuming you guys will ask me questions if I stumble to fast. YNAWnI0ECLU-00136-00075294-00075818 Okay so now and the other thing we can do is look to see well who are the children YNAWnI0ECLU-00137-00075818-00076346 that have these extreme values, so this is on the log 10 scale, the hazard index YNAWnI0ECLU-00138-00076346-00077242 and what you are seeing is from case one, these are across the males and females. YNAWnI0ECLU-00139-00077242-00077809 This is across the race, you might not be able to read that, Mexican American, other Hispanic, YNAWnI0ECLU-00140-00077809-00078425 non-Hispanic, white, non-Hispanic black and other. YNAWnI0ECLU-00141-00078425-00078762 So here again the zero would be the reference line YNAWnI0ECLU-00142-00078762-00079077 that would be corresponding to hazard index of 1. YNAWnI0ECLU-00143-00079077-00080092 So we are seeing just about in each of those groups we are having children above value 1. YNAWnI0ECLU-00144-00080092-00080538 And here it is broken down from males and females across the races YNAWnI0ECLU-00145-00080538-00081778 and then here is the age group, so the younger children tend to have larger values. YNAWnI0ECLU-00146-00081778-00082714 This again is on the log 10 scale, but you can see the distribution is of that there. YNAWnI0ECLU-00147-00082817-00083595 Okay so this is now where we can start to play with what is there, actually let me see back YNAWnI0ECLU-00148-00083595-00084188 to case one, now if we add the other three anti-antigens. YNAWnI0ECLU-00149-00084188-00084660 So it is not just the phthalates, we are adding three additional ones and this is the thing YNAWnI0ECLU-00150-00084660-00085221 that concerns me is 3 is just a very small number based on what that could be YNAWnI0ECLU-00151-00085221-00085582 and I don't know how far you go and you keep adding. YNAWnI0ECLU-00152-00085582-00085898 You keep adding and it is going to get bigger. YNAWnI0ECLU-00153-00085898-00086800 So the distribution, you know, I think that the mean before was like .18, is that what I said? YNAWnI0ECLU-00154-00086800-00087339 Now it is like .207, so it has increased a smidge not drastically, but it is increasing, YNAWnI0ECLU-00155-00087339-00087778 which I guess you would expect if you add more chemicals to the assessment. YNAWnI0ECLU-00156-00087778-00088594 So the planning of what is going to be in here I think is going to be an important step. YNAWnI0ECLU-00157-00088594-00089830 Okay so now thinking about the fact that these are children 12 to 19, alright 6 to 19, YNAWnI0ECLU-00158-00089830-00090342 sorry I said that wrong, so what we don't have is children less than 6. YNAWnI0ECLU-00159-00090342-00090811 So we said well suppose there are behavior patterns or whatever for these children, YNAWnI0ECLU-00160-00090811-00091628 could we actually try to simulate what would happen to children lower than 6. YNAWnI0ECLU-00161-00091628-00092262 And so we just said and this could be better informed, but for example we could say suppose YNAWnI0ECLU-00162-00092262-00093141 that there is a 50 percent increase in the daily intake for DEHP based on behavior of mouthing YNAWnI0ECLU-00163-00093141-00093373 or whatever so what happens there. YNAWnI0ECLU-00164-00093373-00094008 So the 50 percent came from a paper that Holger had published, so that didn't come right YNAWnI0ECLU-00165-00094008-00094465 out of the air, but maybe this could be informed with other chemicals as well. YNAWnI0ECLU-00166-00094465-00095014 So with that kind of hypothetical case, we are saying now suppose this is now the daily intake YNAWnI0ECLU-00167-00095014-00095297 for children smaller or younger than age 6. YNAWnI0ECLU-00168-00095297-00096431 And so now we can look again at the distribution and we see that it has increased again from up YNAWnI0ECLU-00169-00096431-00097256 to .239 as a mean and again that distribution is still over the value of 1. YNAWnI0ECLU-00170-00097256-00098271 And this is not the case where we said now if we could study some kind of a substitution effect. YNAWnI0ECLU-00171-00098271-00098988 So we said well suppose DINP is actually substituting for DEHP YNAWnI0ECLU-00172-00098988-00099459 and DEP is substituted for DNBP, okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00173-00099459-00099930 Now how realistic that is we need to be informed about that, YNAWnI0ECLU-00174-00099930-00100661 but so we just essentially changed values from DEHP to DINP and recalculated things YNAWnI0ECLU-00175-00100661-00101344 and these are values that have lower or I guess higher reference doses YNAWnI0ECLU-00176-00101344-00101589 and so now you see the distribution has actually shifted YNAWnI0ECLU-00177-00101589-00101784 in the direction we would like for it to be. YNAWnI0ECLU-00178-00101784-00102369 So the point of this is, this may not be a perfect example of how to do the substitution, YNAWnI0ECLU-00179-00102369-00102830 but I think it is a way of saying we might be able to with the right input be able YNAWnI0ECLU-00180-00102830-00103510 to simulate what would the effect be or what could the effect be and see you know how far YNAWnI0ECLU-00181-00103510-00104018 that we could really make it shift down the direction that we want it to shift. YNAWnI0ECLU-00182-00104018-00104543 So there is still a lot of work to be done on this, I don't want you to think YNAWnI0ECLU-00183-00104543-00105043 that this is a complete story, but I think the advantage of this is we do get YNAWnI0ECLU-00184-00105043-00105614 to see variability from relevant, real exposures in children YNAWnI0ECLU-00185-00105614-00106283 that you know we can do some simulations in terms of scenarios YNAWnI0ECLU-00186-00106283-00106523 where we may not have complete data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00187-00106523-00106905 We might be able to say for example suppose you know each of these chemicals, YNAWnI0ECLU-00188-00106905-00107333 a certain percentage comes from food and the other percentage comes from certain products, YNAWnI0ECLU-00189-00107333-00107777 what is the effect of how much of the hazard index is actually based YNAWnI0ECLU-00190-00107777-00108061 on the food part versus the other part. YNAWnI0ECLU-00191-00108061-00108683 You know so we can look at things like that by having this kind of you know simulated case. YNAWnI0ECLU-00192-00108683-00109018 Of course there are a lot of pitfalls, I just quickly just wrote YNAWnI0ECLU-00193-00109018-00109459 down that we haven't corrected here anything for fasting, we can try to do that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00194-00109459-00110031 We need more accurate input, so there is probably a whole lot of other pitfalls, YNAWnI0ECLU-00195-00110031-00110422 but from a case where we don't know much maybe this is an approach YNAWnI0ECLU-00196-00110422-00110964 where we can start playing some, simulating some. YNAWnI0ECLU-00197-00110964-00111496 That is that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00198-00111496-00112436 >> Okay, so now discussion, jump in. YNAWnI0ECLU-00199-00112436-00113350 >> There are a couple things that I like about this. YNAWnI0ECLU-00200-00113350-00114476 One is the first is that you are not adding up the 95th percentile of each phthalates, YNAWnI0ECLU-00201-00114476-00114976 because that is probably a way over estimating risk. YNAWnI0ECLU-00202-00114976-00115739 You are actually getting the 95th percentile of the total end result YNAWnI0ECLU-00203-00115739-00115923 of exposure to multiple phthalates. YNAWnI0ECLU-00204-00115923-00116733 The other that is the main thing, the main advantage of this, but the other thing is YNAWnI0ECLU-00205-00116733-00117701 that we don't really know if people's exposures to different phthalates are correlated or not, YNAWnI0ECLU-00206-00117701-00118918 but you can well your analysis doesn't require us to assume YNAWnI0ECLU-00207-00118918-00119140 that they are independent or correlated. YNAWnI0ECLU-00208-00119140-00119514 It is just it is what the data are. YNAWnI0ECLU-00209-00119514-00120154 On the other hand, you can maybe test that I am not sure we need to do it, YNAWnI0ECLU-00210-00120154-00120764 but it might be of interest to know to look at the data and tease YNAWnI0ECLU-00211-00120764-00121258 out are the different phthalates correlated, because this is I think something came YNAWnI0ECLU-00212-00121258-00121966 up in interpreting the epi-studies, you know one possibly confounder. YNAWnI0ECLU-00213-00121966-00122985 In one of the curious findings was that ethyl phthalates correlated with some of the health, YNAWnI0ECLU-00214-00122985-00123491 but it is ethyl, diethyl is not active in the animal bio-acids, YNAWnI0ECLU-00215-00123491-00124433 so the question is it really the diethyl or is it the other or is the diethyl just a marker YNAWnI0ECLU-00216-00124433-00124689 for total phthalate exposure or something like that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00217-00124689-00125373 So there is a lot of things about this, a lot of advantages and it could be applied YNAWnI0ECLU-00218-00125373-00126793 if we do modeling of exposures, it can be applied to that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00219-00126793-00127494 >> Yes, right thank you very much for this helpful paper and helpful presentation. YNAWnI0ECLU-00220-00127494-00127803 My question follows on from Mike's remark, YNAWnI0ECLU-00221-00127803-00128333 but might be the answer is clear already, but just to make exactly clear. YNAWnI0ECLU-00222-00128333-00129139 The NHANES database allows us to see what the urinary levels are phthalate YNAWnI0ECLU-00223-00129139-00130020 of multiple phthalate metabolites are in one and the same urine sample, is that correct? YNAWnI0ECLU-00224-00130020-00130071 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00225-00130071-00130820 >> Good then that is indeed a really strong point. YNAWnI0ECLU-00226-00130820-00131661 The only question I have relates to the potency values, YNAWnI0ECLU-00227-00131661-00132330 which you took from Grey's [assumed spelling] data in your case number two. YNAWnI0ECLU-00228-00132330-00132596 >> [Inaudible] YNAWnI0ECLU-00229-00132596-00133236 >> If you wish, yes just to see. YNAWnI0ECLU-00230-00133236-00133751 They are based you say on the impression of fetal testosterone synthesis? YNAWnI0ECLU-00231-00133751-00134704 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00232-00134704-00135526 >> Do you have an explanation for the differences between case one and case two? YNAWnI0ECLU-00233-00135526-00136202 I should probably know myself, but I don't. YNAWnI0ECLU-00234-00136202-00136252 >> [Inaudible] YNAWnI0ECLU-00235-00136252-00137266 >> As far as I remember what else Grey's studies are they are not designed YNAWnI0ECLU-00236-00137266-00137522 to derive points of departure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00237-00137522-00137661 That is not a criticism. YNAWnI0ECLU-00238-00137661-00137986 It is not intended to be a criticism of Earl's work, YNAWnI0ECLU-00239-00137986-00138770 it is just he would admit that freely himself. YNAWnI0ECLU-00240-00138770-00139465 So that means that if someone went awry and did a guideline study with sufficient numbers YNAWnI0ECLU-00241-00139465-00140268 of animals with that end point, the estimates for point of departures would go down. YNAWnI0ECLU-00242-00140591-00141375 Anyway, but this is interesting to see if your estimates went down, YNAWnI0ECLU-00243-00141375-00142088 but can you just give a few details of Grey's study which you base this on. YNAWnI0ECLU-00244-00142088-00143123 >> I think it actually came from some testimony, the equipotent came from a testimony. YNAWnI0ECLU-00245-00143123-00143919 The five came, I don't remember, Holger do you remember where the five came from. YNAWnI0ECLU-00246-00143919-00145099 >> So first of all, both cases have the pros and cons and studies you used based on your point YNAWnI0ECLU-00247-00145099-00145668 of departure upon, they also are in studies. YNAWnI0ECLU-00248-00145668-00145874 They have considerable differences. YNAWnI0ECLU-00249-00145874-00145972 >> I know yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00250-00145972-00146526 >> So that is the tropic on the case one side, on the case two side YNAWnI0ECLU-00251-00146526-00147135 so it is mainly the studies by Earl Grey. YNAWnI0ECLU-00252-00147135-00147735 They are based on this [inaudible]'s EPA approach YNAWnI0ECLU-00253-00147735-00149232 and as you said they are not really designed to derive TDI or let's say a point of departure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00254-00149232-00150364 But the findings at least from the effective doses show that this is also the result YNAWnI0ECLU-00255-00150364-00150845 from last sessions or last meetings, Earl Grey's presentation YNAWnI0ECLU-00256-00150845-00151302 that he considers these phthalates as equipotent. YNAWnI0ECLU-00257-00151302-00151922 So that this is, this has been let's say a rather provocative approach on our side YNAWnI0ECLU-00258-00151922-00152817 to present this rather differing data of the latest data, YNAWnI0ECLU-00259-00152817-00153970 but we thought it is just an illustration how potent the approach is that we can as soon YNAWnI0ECLU-00260-00153970-00154597 as new data is present implement this data instantly and have a look what is coming up. YNAWnI0ECLU-00261-00154597-00154959 >> Well and I think interesting to the distribution of the hazard index didn't change, YNAWnI0ECLU-00262-00154959-00155290 it didn't like move an order of magnitude to the left or the right YNAWnI0ECLU-00263-00155290-00155707 with very different values I think here. YNAWnI0ECLU-00264-00155707-00156088 Now the thing that changed the most I think was the distribution of which YNAWnI0ECLU-00265-00156088-00156754 of the components was playing the major part, but the index itself was about in the same. YNAWnI0ECLU-00266-00156754-00157603 >> I am quite happy to see this and I don't think it is worth me waxing lyrical about this. YNAWnI0ECLU-00267-00157603-00157804 I mean we have said in this paper ourselves YNAWnI0ECLU-00268-00157804-00158244 that very likely our potency estimates are not conservative enough YNAWnI0ECLU-00269-00158244-00158724 and I guess what you have done bears this out. YNAWnI0ECLU-00270-00158724-00159311 >> Well I think it might get to the point, maybe I don't want YNAWnI0ECLU-00271-00159311-00159627 to over interpret what Tom was saying, but the whole issue of you know are you going YNAWnI0ECLU-00272-00159627-00160075 to spend a lot of time worrying about tweeks here and there, YNAWnI0ECLU-00273-00160075-00160409 what we are seeing is the robustness of the index doesn't change YNAWnI0ECLU-00274-00160409-00160797 that much to two very different places. YNAWnI0ECLU-00275-00160797-00161892 >> My very last question is in light of this morning's debate I don't think, YNAWnI0ECLU-00276-00161892-00162267 did you adjust this data for fasting. YNAWnI0ECLU-00277-00162267-00162658 >> When we worked on this I didn't know how to do that yet. YNAWnI0ECLU-00278-00162658-00162673 >> Okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00279-00162673-00163292 >> And I am still I think I would be up for suggestions about how to do that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00280-00163292-00163809 Again maybe what we can do is present this in multiple ways adjusting for fasting, YNAWnI0ECLU-00281-00163809-00164350 not adjusting for fasting, adjusting in different ways, you know what happens YNAWnI0ECLU-00282-00164350-00164924 to the index at the end of the day. YNAWnI0ECLU-00283-00164924-00165082 Anti-antigens? YNAWnI0ECLU-00284-00165183-00165251 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00285-00165251-00166445 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00286-00166445-00167073 >> But I think from this morning's presentations, we can conclude that we have YNAWnI0ECLU-00287-00167073-00167840 to incorporate an adjustment factor of at least let's say two or three so we are in other words YNAWnI0ECLU-00288-00167840-00168569 with this presentation here not dramatically, but significantly under estimating exposure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00289-00168569-00169252 >> I think well up well larger than one with the hazard index. YNAWnI0ECLU-00290-00169252-00169395 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00291-00169395-00169824 >> But see that is my question for the folks YNAWnI0ECLU-00292-00169824-00170560 who have a very short fasting period is there value actually pretty good. YNAWnI0ECLU-00293-00170560-00170778 It is only the people who have fasted a long time YNAWnI0ECLU-00294-00170778-00171003 where we may be under estimating, is that true? YNAWnI0ECLU-00295-00171003-00171300 >> Yes and we have seen especially the higher values, YNAWnI0ECLU-00296-00171300-00171692 the upper percentiles are influenced by fasting. YNAWnI0ECLU-00297-00171692-00172118 I think that is both what Matt showed and what Rick showed. YNAWnI0ECLU-00298-00172118-00172853 >> But if we went in and said I mean there is multiple ways of doing this, but suppose we went YNAWnI0ECLU-00299-00172853-00173271 in and said if you have a fasting time bigger than four hours or eight hours, YNAWnI0ECLU-00300-00173271-00173842 whatever the number is, we are going to increase the exposure estimate for some YNAWnI0ECLU-00301-00173842-00174186 of those chemicals that are based on food [inaudible], right. YNAWnI0ECLU-00302-00174186-00175077 I mean those are the kinds of steps that I think if we could agree how to do YNAWnI0ECLU-00303-00175077-00175751 that I think that would be helpful. YNAWnI0ECLU-00304-00176387-00177087 >> Let me try to walk through this as a risk assessor. YNAWnI0ECLU-00305-00177087-00177853 These are based on animal studies, which are feeding studies I think or are they gavages. YNAWnI0ECLU-00306-00177853-00178850 I think they are feed and so those doses, your point of departures and so on are based YNAWnI0ECLU-00307-00178850-00179753 on average daily exposures and with the NHANES' data, the thing about the adjusting for fasting, YNAWnI0ECLU-00308-00179753-00180175 if the people have fasted, their metabolite levels are going to be lower, YNAWnI0ECLU-00309-00180175-00180867 but if you are going to compare two average daily value, what you really want from NHANES, YNAWnI0ECLU-00310-00180867-00181328 I think is the average daily exposure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00311-00181328-00182253 And so when you adjust for fasting, I mean are you adjusting to get the peak exposure YNAWnI0ECLU-00312-00182253-00182710 or are you adjusting to get the average exposure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00313-00182710-00184103 >> I think the first point I think we can agree on is that no matter which approach we choose, YNAWnI0ECLU-00314-00184103-00184506 this data is under estimating the point of the exposure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00315-00184506-00185283 If we are under estimating peak or mean exposures, we might have to talk about, YNAWnI0ECLU-00316-00185283-00185623 but we are definitely are under estimating exposure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00317-00185623-00186183 And we have seen that we are probably more dramatically under estimating exposure YNAWnI0ECLU-00318-00186183-00186452 if we look at the upper percentiles. YNAWnI0ECLU-00319-00186452-00187351 That has been the data shown by Eric and [inaudible]. YNAWnI0ECLU-00320-00187351-00188904 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00321-00188904-00189395 >> There are two more points that I would like to put the focus on. YNAWnI0ECLU-00322-00189395-00190462 Currently our investigation stops at the age of 6, so we have to extrapolate the data YNAWnI0ECLU-00323-00190462-00191297 to children younger than 6 and the data currently does not include pregnant women, YNAWnI0ECLU-00324-00191297-00191573 it is only children. YNAWnI0ECLU-00325-00191573-00191997 >> But there are no pregnant women in NHANES, is that true? YNAWnI0ECLU-00326-00191997-00192091 >> No. YNAWnI0ECLU-00327-00192091-00192420 >> But we have let's say we have [inaudible] data or we have data YNAWnI0ECLU-00328-00192420-00192555 of women in their reproductive age. YNAWnI0ECLU-00329-00192555-00193029 >> Are you saying that we do? YNAWnI0ECLU-00330-00193029-00193324 >> I think we don't have actually pregnant women in there, YNAWnI0ECLU-00331-00193324-00193916 but we have women in their reproductive age in NHANES definitely. YNAWnI0ECLU-00332-00193916-00194227 >> Which in a sense may be even more important? YNAWnI0ECLU-00333-00194227-00194343 >> Exactly. YNAWnI0ECLU-00334-00194343-00194962 >> But we do have, there is not a lot of data, but there are some smaller studies YNAWnI0ECLU-00335-00194962-00195649 where you have younger children and pregnant mothers or their mothers YNAWnI0ECLU-00336-00195649-00196915 and I think we should look at those data before we start extrapolating or we should take, YNAWnI0ECLU-00337-00196915-00197588 get all those data together and take a close look at that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00338-00197588-00197807 >> That is what I was going to say also. YNAWnI0ECLU-00339-00197807-00198452 There is probably four or five datasets that would have maybe data I would guess YNAWnI0ECLU-00340-00198452-00199449 on 2,000 pregnant women and maybe 100 data points on children less than 3 or 5, I think. YNAWnI0ECLU-00341-00199449-00199865 >> And what kind of data phthalate? YNAWnI0ECLU-00342-00199865-00200956 >> No not NHANES, these are other publications like Children Centers Columbia or other groups YNAWnI0ECLU-00343-00200956-00201366 around [inaudible], others have published on phthalates YNAWnI0ECLU-00344-00201366-00202190 on pregnant women during different trimesters and looked at outcomes and I am aware of I think YNAWnI0ECLU-00345-00202190-00202587 at least three or four papers that have done that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00346-00202587-00202849 And in those papers, there are spot samples. YNAWnI0ECLU-00347-00202849-00203288 They don't ask the subject to fast, but they also don't ask the subject YNAWnI0ECLU-00348-00203288-00203727 when their last meal was or how long they were fasting or the time YNAWnI0ECLU-00349-00203727-00204110 between their last meal and the sample. YNAWnI0ECLU-00350-00204110-00204789 So that data I am sure, Holger you are familiar with that too. YNAWnI0ECLU-00351-00204789-00205719 >> Yes I mean to have any data on children 3 and under would be extremely helpful, YNAWnI0ECLU-00352-00205719-00206207 yes well maybe even since then, but. YNAWnI0ECLU-00353-00206207-00207171 >> We might need to ask them for the raw data, because for this approach we need the age, YNAWnI0ECLU-00354-00207171-00207698 body weight and height of the children, which is on an individual basis. YNAWnI0ECLU-00355-00207698-00208329 >> We can definitely ask and I think there is a pretty good chance YNAWnI0ECLU-00356-00208329-00208946 that someone will share that data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00357-00208946-00209842 >> My question is really for Mike, anticipating what you are going to be seeing later YNAWnI0ECLU-00358-00209842-00210496 on this afternoon, do the data that you have fit into this approach to help inform YNAWnI0ECLU-00359-00210496-00210855 of us our answers, our recommendations? YNAWnI0ECLU-00360-00211076-00211337 >> Mike: Well I think it compliments this. YNAWnI0ECLU-00361-00211337-00211902 This is the top down and I am going to talk about the bottom up YNAWnI0ECLU-00362-00211902-00212431 and I think they are complimentary and I think you need both. YNAWnI0ECLU-00363-00212431-00213198 You know one thing with the children, people do see higher metabolite levels in the children, YNAWnI0ECLU-00364-00213198-00213792 then the adults and the question is why is it because they eat more or some people think it is YNAWnI0ECLU-00365-00213792-00214555 because they mouth toys, but pound for pound they probably eat more too YNAWnI0ECLU-00366-00214555-00215835 and so that is something we want to get at, we would like to get a handle on. YNAWnI0ECLU-00367-00215835-00216634 Well the estimates in terms of daily exposures, the estimates we made YNAWnI0ECLU-00368-00216634-00217539 for the toys are fairly small, but I am not sure how they you know what percentage YNAWnI0ECLU-00369-00217539-00217941 of the total they account for. YNAWnI0ECLU-00370-00217941-00218553 The problem with making those kinds of comparisons is if you have good date YNAWnI0ECLU-00371-00218553-00219414 for one source and not so good data for another source, those percentages can move around a lot, YNAWnI0ECLU-00372-00219414-00219825 but we can certainly try and do that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00373-00219825-00220273 >> What kind of units are they in, would they be comparable to this? YNAWnI0ECLU-00374-00220273-00220814 >> Well I am talking about micrograms per kilogram per day YNAWnI0ECLU-00375-00220814-00221192 or we could do micrograms per day. YNAWnI0ECLU-00376-00221192-00222352 >> So you could actually say then based on mouthing or based on exposure to is YNAWnI0ECLU-00377-00222352-00222609 that what you have on a per child basis. YNAWnI0ECLU-00378-00222609-00223657 >> Well what we did is made population estimates for infants just mouthing for mouthing the toys. YNAWnI0ECLU-00379-00223657-00223932 We estimated the daily exposures. YNAWnI0ECLU-00380-00223932-00224103 >> Per parent compound? YNAWnI0ECLU-00381-00224103-00224663 >> Well we only did it for one, but yes per parent compound. YNAWnI0ECLU-00382-00224663-00225196 We only did it for one, but we can extend that to the others. YNAWnI0ECLU-00383-00225630-00225994 >> That would actually give us at least an estimate of a percent. YNAWnI0ECLU-00384-00225994-00226737 >> It would be an estimate of what the exposure is from mouthing toys YNAWnI0ECLU-00385-00227073-00227281 and I think that would be helpful. YNAWnI0ECLU-00386-00227281-00227944 >> Yes because it could be compared to them. YNAWnI0ECLU-00387-00227944-00228521 >> But it is an estimate, I mean this is hard data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00388-00228521-00229715 What I am talking about is a model based on data, a model based on laboratory data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00389-00229715-00230442 >> But combining that with I thought we were able to come up with percentages based YNAWnI0ECLU-00390-00230442-00231209 on food per parent compound, right is that true, pretty accurate. YNAWnI0ECLU-00391-00231209-00231616 Matt, I am looking at you. YNAWnI0ECLU-00392-00231616-00232131 >> That can be done, I think Clark I didn't see her paper, but I think she did that YNAWnI0ECLU-00393-00232131-00232690 and then I could certainly doing it for using the ACC database, but for example, YNAWnI0ECLU-00394-00232690-00233244 the exercise I do with DAHP suggested a large percentage was due and you could come up with YNAWnI0ECLU-00395-00233244-00233694 that percentage and you could probably consider that exercise with other phthalates YNAWnI0ECLU-00396-00233694-00234119 and get an estimate again without any kind of validation. YNAWnI0ECLU-00397-00234119-00234823 You are just using what you have and you don't have from that database consumer product inputs. YNAWnI0ECLU-00398-00234983-00235679 >> People well that is the idea is to come in from both ends and see how they match up. YNAWnI0ECLU-00399-00235679-00236344 If the bottom up, if there is a gap, it may mean that you are overlooking a source, YNAWnI0ECLU-00400-00236344-00237221 but not necessarily you know the warmth [assumed spelling] is I think the best example YNAWnI0ECLU-00401-00237221-00237707 where they did both and they came up with estimates of how much comes from food YNAWnI0ECLU-00402-00237707-00238744 and other things, but their estimates, nothing they are not hard numbers. YNAWnI0ECLU-00403-00238851-00239935 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00404-00239935-00240527 >> Can you see any other strategies or information that Chris YNAWnI0ECLU-00405-00240527-00241151 and Holger could use to form a bottom up? YNAWnI0ECLU-00407-00246416-00246878 >> And how would we I mean are you talking about generating new data? YNAWnI0ECLU-00408-00246878-00246980 >> No. YNAWnI0ECLU-00409-00246980-00247473 >> No, okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00410-00247473-00247951 >> Or possibly expanding it a little bit. YNAWnI0ECLU-00411-00247951-00248708 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00412-00248708-00249121 >> That is what I was getting at you don't know of any other sources of data YNAWnI0ECLU-00413-00249121-00249396 that we might be able to tap into. YNAWnI0ECLU-00414-00249739-00250029 >> That is what we need to know. YNAWnI0ECLU-00415-00250029-00250375 You are the expert in that area, so if you say there is nothing else YNAWnI0ECLU-00416-00250375-00250831 out there, then we feel more comfortable. YNAWnI0ECLU-00417-00251146-00252161 >> Well from your experience, would you also advise us to look at each YNAWnI0ECLU-00418-00252161-00253001 at the 95th percentiles or maximum values on their own and add them up, YNAWnI0ECLU-00419-00253001-00253637 because that would end up in a similar approach as you are suggesting, YNAWnI0ECLU-00420-00253637-00254111 adding up individual roots of significance. YNAWnI0ECLU-00421-00254111-00254388 >> It can lead to problems. YNAWnI0ECLU-00422-00254388-00254740 We know that adding up the 95th percentile of numbers YNAWnI0ECLU-00423-00254740-00255244 that may not have any [inaudible] could lead to math concerns. YNAWnI0ECLU-00424-00255244-00255451 I personally believe [inaudible] YNAWnI0ECLU-00425-00255451-00257036 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00426-00257036-00258040 >> Now in the same, I am sorry my apologies. YNAWnI0ECLU-00427-00258040-00258594 I think doing it individually first is probably the wisest way YNAWnI0ECLU-00428-00258594-00259138 and then you can always then go back and decide the summit based upon the data we get YNAWnI0ECLU-00429-00259138-00259785 from Michael's group and others about in what products you find certain YNAWnI0ECLU-00430-00259785-00260517 or all of these phthalates rather than doing it blindly at the 95th percentile, YNAWnI0ECLU-00431-00260517-00261426 I think you should be a little cautious. YNAWnI0ECLU-00432-00261426-00262177 >> Yes, I think the universe of phthalates in toys is a little narrower. YNAWnI0ECLU-00433-00262177-00263055 I mean while it is always changing and it depends on how broad you cast the net, YNAWnI0ECLU-00434-00263055-00263816 but the toys we looked at ten years ago it was one phthalate. YNAWnI0ECLU-00435-00263816-00264602 Now there is a handful of phthalate substitutes, but it is not a big universe, YNAWnI0ECLU-00436-00264602-00265102 so at least with these products I don't think you have YNAWnI0ECLU-00437-00265102-00265434 to worry too much about adding 95th percentiles. YNAWnI0ECLU-00438-00265434-00266051 That is only if you try to be inclusive and look at food and all the other sources. YNAWnI0ECLU-00439-00266051-00266539 >> Looking at the data, we will be able to make better judgments YNAWnI0ECLU-00440-00266539-00266813 and we can have a conversation based upon facts. YNAWnI0ECLU-00441-00266813-00267722 >> But it is something, I think it is possible to be in a scenario based exposure, a ground up. YNAWnI0ECLU-00442-00267722-00268435 I think it is possible to do something similar to what you are proposing where you take YNAWnI0ECLU-00443-00268435-00269105 that into account and do a probabilistic approach. YNAWnI0ECLU-00444-00269105-00269351 >> Sure and I think it is reasonable. YNAWnI0ECLU-00445-00269351-00270004 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00446-00270004-00270376 >> Two other comments, one in the spirit of the silver book that we heard YNAWnI0ECLU-00447-00270376-00270617 about this morning and have read about. YNAWnI0ECLU-00448-00270617-00271026 I assume colleagues of ours would see YNAWnI0ECLU-00449-00271026-00271777 that the approach is a forward looking approach consistent with the recommendations in there YNAWnI0ECLU-00450-00271777-00272337 of ways to do this that are looking toward improvement of methods rather YNAWnI0ECLU-00451-00272337-00272651 than stepping back and using old methods. YNAWnI0ECLU-00452-00272651-00272876 The other comment or the other one was a question YNAWnI0ECLU-00453-00272876-00273431 and that is considering what would assuming that we use this approach, YNAWnI0ECLU-00454-00273431-00274031 I say that in the standpoint of when we are not going to be involved in doing all of this work, YNAWnI0ECLU-00455-00274031-00274396 is it feasible to look at the larger tasks YNAWnI0ECLU-00456-00274396-00274728 that would come behind this considering what you have already done, YNAWnI0ECLU-00457-00274728-00275156 is it feasible to do this for the committee? YNAWnI0ECLU-00458-00275156-00275479 >> Sorry to do what we are outlining here? YNAWnI0ECLU-00459-00275479-00275626 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00460-00275626-00275687 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00461-00275687-00275756 >> It is? YNAWnI0ECLU-00462-00275756-00275855 >> I think so yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00463-00275855-00276531 I mean what I would like to do is to minimize my interpretation of what people are thinking. YNAWnI0ECLU-00464-00276531-00277034 If we could be kind of prescriptive about you know let's correct for fasting in this way YNAWnI0ECLU-00465-00277034-00277700 or let's you know and I don't mind doing it multiple ways, but if you leave it up to me YNAWnI0ECLU-00466-00277700-00278299 to make interpretations of what you guys are thinking then I am afraid I might misunderstand YNAWnI0ECLU-00467-00278299-00278713 or make mistakes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00468-00278713-00279789 >> I think we can offer different ways of possible approaches to interpret the data, YNAWnI0ECLU-00469-00279789-00280612 show what happens if we substitute one phthalate with another one or re-substitute again YNAWnI0ECLU-00470-00280612-00281301 if we say well let's lift the ban and then everything goes back to the start again. YNAWnI0ECLU-00471-00281301-00281584 So we can play around with the data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00472-00281584-00282019 >> That is clearly one of the strengths of this approach. YNAWnI0ECLU-00473-00282019-00282620 >> And the other thing is you know should we be looking at 2003 and 4 data also. YNAWnI0ECLU-00474-00282620-00283639 >> I think Russ is perfectly right, we should first look into the young children YNAWnI0ECLU-00475-00283639-00284144 and pregnant women data before we do this rather complex approach YNAWnI0ECLU-00476-00284144-00284453 with a NHANES fasting and not fasting. YNAWnI0ECLU-00477-00284453-00284952 I think we should have an individual look on this data there. YNAWnI0ECLU-00478-00284952-00285047 >> Holger, I agree with you. YNAWnI0ECLU-00479-00285047-00285618 I think that will complicate it, use a more simple approach, because you may find YNAWnI0ECLU-00480-00285618-00286236 that the value added for going complex may not be worth the time and effort. YNAWnI0ECLU-00481-00286236-00286577 >> Well that data I think will probably date back to around 2000 or so, YNAWnI0ECLU-00482-00286577-00287188 because these were all part of the I think it was the NIHS or EPA's children's center, YNAWnI0ECLU-00483-00287188-00287571 which I think all were funded right around 98 to 2000, YNAWnI0ECLU-00484-00287571-00287861 so that is when the urine samples were taken. YNAWnI0ECLU-00485-00287861-00288703 >> Well and unless the Vanguard Centers of the Children's study can get some data, YNAWnI0ECLU-00486-00288703-00289659 >> We are not going to be really starting in the field again to 2012, January 1st that is YNAWnI0ECLU-00487-00289659-00290222 when they expect us to be back in the field. YNAWnI0ECLU-00488-00290222-00291084 >> It is quite intuitive to begin with children, but let me remind you that the biological data YNAWnI0ECLU-00489-00291084-00291817 from Earl and others would actually be more suitable to look at women in reproductive age, YNAWnI0ECLU-00490-00291817-00292515 because what is modeled is the exposure during the critical male programming window. YNAWnI0ECLU-00491-00292515-00293145 So I hear already toxicological purists slaughtering the panel YNAWnI0ECLU-00492-00293145-00293657 if we use those reference values for making assumptions YNAWnI0ECLU-00493-00293657-00293930 about possible hazards or risks to children. YNAWnI0ECLU-00494-00293930-00294189 And you see my point? YNAWnI0ECLU-00495-00294189-00295225 >> Exactly and I think the approach is sound, we can revisit the details like where YNAWnI0ECLU-00496-00295225-00295859 which reference doses and how they were derived and Andreas makes a good point YNAWnI0ECLU-00497-00295859-00296775 that these data are probably best suited for the mothers or the women of reproductive age. YNAWnI0ECLU-00498-00296775-00297797 You might consider using other reference values for children or other adults or so on, YNAWnI0ECLU-00499-00297797-00298472 but I am not sure you could come up with any necessarily come up with any better values. YNAWnI0ECLU-00500-00298472-00299065 >> So basically this is what we have is what you are saying, but at least we have YNAWnI0ECLU-00501-00299065-00299412 to identify the uncertainties around that, okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00502-00299412-00300216 >> Or just take, I mean you did a great job illustrating the process, YNAWnI0ECLU-00503-00300216-00300928 we just need to step back and take a look at are these the reference doses we want to use YNAWnI0ECLU-00504-00300928-00301375 or are there better ones or so on. YNAWnI0ECLU-00505-00301375-00301889 >> Are there any that are children specific? YNAWnI0ECLU-00506-00301889-00301974 >> No. YNAWnI0ECLU-00507-00301974-00302398 >> Okay so basically again that is an uncertainty that we have to deal with. YNAWnI0ECLU-00508-00302398-00302992 >> I mean the panel can derive any factors if they if the data is available. YNAWnI0ECLU-00509-00302992-00303184 I am not so sure that data are. YNAWnI0ECLU-00510-00303184-00303221 >> Okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00511-00303221-00304063 >> Are the uncertainty factors chosen, YNAWnI0ECLU-00512-00304063-00304995 because I mean is there an additional value of 10 to these because of the, YNAWnI0ECLU-00513-00304995-00305958 >> Well I think what I got from Earl Grey's data is that the fetus is the most sensitive and then YNAWnI0ECLU-00514-00305958-00306739 after that the children or the younger males and then even adults there are effects, YNAWnI0ECLU-00515-00306739-00307443 but less and less, the potency is lower or the sensitivity is lower. YNAWnI0ECLU-00516-00307443-00308460 So I think it would be okay to use or reference doses based on the anti-antigenicity YNAWnI0ECLU-00517-00308460-00308970 for everybody, but just understand what it means. YNAWnI0ECLU-00518-00308970-00309596 I also think those data, the data they have YNAWnI0ECLU-00519-00309596-00309971 on the developing fetus, they have good recent data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00520-00309971-00310847 I think the data on the juvenile animals is not really comparable and it might not be as good. YNAWnI0ECLU-00521-00310847-00311728 So it may be possible to come up with child specific RFDs based on juvenile animals, YNAWnI0ECLU-00522-00311728-00312194 but the data probably aren't there. YNAWnI0ECLU-00523-00312194-00312762 I am not sure, but it is something that we should keep in mind YNAWnI0ECLU-00524-00312762-00313224 and maybe take a look at before we go too far. YNAWnI0ECLU-00525-00313224-00313936 >> I am not sure I am understanding this and I want to. YNAWnI0ECLU-00526-00313936-00314796 Can we in the table that you showed us with case one, case two that was all derived YNAWnI0ECLU-00527-00314796-00315924 from animal data and we have I assume similar data relative to the different sensitivities YNAWnI0ECLU-00528-00315924-00316995 of the fetus versus the damn versus I don't know what, but could we use those differences YNAWnI0ECLU-00529-00316995-00317625 in the same way that we use this data to get at that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00530-00317625-00318238 >> No that is unfortunately not easily done. YNAWnI0ECLU-00531-00318238-00319102 What is clear that you see those studies, this work was inspired by exploring number one first YNAWnI0ECLU-00532-00319102-00319441 of all defining the so called mi[inaudible] programming window. YNAWnI0ECLU-00533-00319441-00320022 That has been done by Richard Chop and Earl Grey and Paul Foster. YNAWnI0ECLU-00534-00320022-00320886 And secondly then to first of all qualitatively rather than in the sense of deriving points YNAWnI0ECLU-00535-00320886-00321352 of departure to see whether these phthalates have actually the effect YNAWnI0ECLU-00536-00321352-00321576 that was hypothesized that was true. YNAWnI0ECLU-00537-00321576-00321763 That was the case. YNAWnI0ECLU-00538-00321763-00322408 Now so you can on the basis of this make some assumptions about the sensitivity YNAWnI0ECLU-00539-00322408-00322906 of the developing male, during the male programming window. YNAWnI0ECLU-00540-00322906-00323587 To go from that, if you just directly in a one to one fashion apply those kind of data YNAWnI0ECLU-00541-00323587-00324030 to children, then strictly speaking you would need YNAWnI0ECLU-00542-00324030-00324736 to know what exposure their mothers experienced, but that is often not available. YNAWnI0ECLU-00543-00324736-00325249 The only bridge I can see is very recent data from Richard Chop's lab YNAWnI0ECLU-00544-00325249-00326104 where he investigated what happens when you dose, when you continue to expose male fetuses YNAWnI0ECLU-00545-00326104-00326799 that were exposed in utero after they were born, whether the affect gets worse or stays the same, YNAWnI0ECLU-00546-00326799-00327494 etc, etc. But that is still that would provide additional information, YNAWnI0ECLU-00547-00327494-00328003 which would still not allow us to make an assumption about sensitivity of children YNAWnI0ECLU-00548-00328003-00328613 or the risk zone of the hazards to children derived from that kind of data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00549-00328613-00329239 >> But I don't understand why not, I mean we are not saying that this is the end of the story. YNAWnI0ECLU-00550-00329239-00329729 We are saying that we are going to take what information we have and it is very limited YNAWnI0ECLU-00551-00329729-00330249 and it comes from rats, but we are going to apply it to the human situation YNAWnI0ECLU-00552-00330249-00330807 and we may be off by a factor of whatever. YNAWnI0ECLU-00553-00330807-00331263 That is essentially what we are doing here isn't it? YNAWnI0ECLU-00554-00331263-00331972 >> Yes, I know what you are saying, but the point is that the toxicological literature, YNAWnI0ECLU-00555-00331972-00332539 the toxicological data define a period of vulnerability, YNAWnI0ECLU-00556-00332539-00332794 which is not the young child, but rather. YNAWnI0ECLU-00557-00332794-00332998 >> No, I understand that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00558-00332998-00333096 >> So? YNAWnI0ECLU-00559-00333096-00333583 >> But we are arguing about, we are saying that if the fetus is more sensitive YNAWnI0ECLU-00560-00333583-00334437 than the newborn is more sensitive than a child 6 years old or older and don't we have some data YNAWnI0ECLU-00561-00334437-00334746 from rats to kind of support that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00562-00334746-00335543 In other words, we know what doses will create a problem when the fetus exposed YNAWnI0ECLU-00563-00335543-00336159 at the appropriate stage of development and I thought Earl talked about data YNAWnI0ECLU-00564-00336159-00336492 where they had phthalate exposures postnatal. YNAWnI0ECLU-00565-00336492-00336586 >> That is right. YNAWnI0ECLU-00566-00336586-00336783 That is what I mentioned these are data YNAWnI0ECLU-00567-00336783-00337149 from Richard Chop's lab, but maybe Earl has some as well. YNAWnI0ECLU-00568-00337149-00338411 No my point is this, if you hypothetically if you expose a child to levels of phthalates YNAWnI0ECLU-00569-00338411-00338995 that if received by a pregnant mother during the first trimester, YNAWnI0ECLU-00570-00338995-00339670 well if that child hasn't experienced these levels while developing YNAWnI0ECLU-00571-00339670-00340168 in the womb, it is probably safe. YNAWnI0ECLU-00572-00340168-00340330 That is the point. YNAWnI0ECLU-00573-00340330-00341273 So because we don't know this really the best way to move forward would first of all be YNAWnI0ECLU-00574-00341273-00341950 to look at women in their reproductive age, but there is no problem with that is there? YNAWnI0ECLU-00575-00341950-00342583 >> No in terms of choosing women in NHANES that are of a certain age, but are you suggesting YNAWnI0ECLU-00576-00342583-00342850 to use the same reference doses here. YNAWnI0ECLU-00577-00342850-00343532 I mean is that the point where we would write YNAWnI0ECLU-00578-00343532-00344017 that if we had better information we could have actually used different reference doses YNAWnI0ECLU-00579-00344017-00344314 for different situations, but we don't have. YNAWnI0ECLU-00580-00344314-00344609 >> They don't exist, I don't think. YNAWnI0ECLU-00581-00344609-00344837 >> No that is right, they don't exist. YNAWnI0ECLU-00582-00344837-00345691 I am saying is what you have done is wonderful and these reference doses here can be used YNAWnI0ECLU-00583-00345691-00345930 for women in their reproductive age. YNAWnI0ECLU-00584-00345930-00346198 That would be the most appropriate thing to do. YNAWnI0ECLU-00585-00346198-00347208 >> But would it be well I will throw another curve ball, would you, YNAWnI0ECLU-00586-00347208-00347308 >> A strike ball? YNAWnI0ECLU-00587-00347308-00347721 >> I will throw a knuckle ball then. YNAWnI0ECLU-00588-00347721-00348538 Would it be reasonable to assume also that the pregnant mother or the mother YNAWnI0ECLU-00589-00348538-00349322 of child bearing age would be exposed to the same phthalates as would the child YNAWnI0ECLU-00590-00349322-00350093 after they are born, because the child after they are born is exposed to product X, YNAWnI0ECLU-00591-00350093-00350918 whereas the mom to be could be exposed to products Y and you may be comparing apples. YNAWnI0ECLU-00592-00350918-00351247 That is why it is a straight ball versus a knuckle ball. YNAWnI0ECLU-00593-00351247-00351561 >> Yes you are absolutely right Paul, very likely the child, YNAWnI0ECLU-00594-00351561-00352009 a one year old child wouldn't use cosmetics. YNAWnI0ECLU-00595-00352009-00352179 >> Right. YNAWnI0ECLU-00596-00352179-00352483 >> No, but their mother does. YNAWnI0ECLU-00597-00352483-00352866 >> I think therein lies the fact that if we get too much detail, YNAWnI0ECLU-00598-00352866-00353509 what I am trying to say is the more finely we try to carve this up in terms YNAWnI0ECLU-00599-00353509-00354186 of what they have done, what Chris and Holger have done, I think we are going to be faced YNAWnI0ECLU-00600-00354186-00354728 with the prospect that we are going to be looking at things that we have more uncertainty YNAWnI0ECLU-00601-00354728-00355287 about other factors then what they did and why they chose the RFDs they did. YNAWnI0ECLU-00602-00355287-00356129 >> Because I don't see a problem with going ahead with where we are, YNAWnI0ECLU-00603-00356129-00356659 my point is this is a good start and they should use it. YNAWnI0ECLU-00604-00356659-00357464 My question is just this is perfect for women of child bearing age. YNAWnI0ECLU-00605-00357464-00358146 I don't think it is too much of a stretch to apply it to young children, okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00606-00358146-00358447 Beyond that, it is getting dicey. YNAWnI0ECLU-00607-00358447-00358869 It would be probably conservative, but it is getting dicey. YNAWnI0ECLU-00608-00358869-00360063 >> I just want to point out that the calculation which Chris presented is right now limited YNAWnI0ECLU-00609-00360063-00360997 to children from the age of 3 to 18, because for its sub-population we have data to extrapolate YNAWnI0ECLU-00610-00360997-00361424 from the urinary levels to daily intake. YNAWnI0ECLU-00611-00361424-00362367 We right now have no calculation basis to extrapolate from urinary levels YNAWnI0ECLU-00612-00362367-00363327 of children younger than 3 to daily intake, probably would go by urine volume per day YNAWnI0ECLU-00613-00363327-00363985 and so we would have to recheck what data we have and for women in their reproductive age, YNAWnI0ECLU-00614-00363985-00364461 the child bearing age, we would have to use a different formula of calculation. YNAWnI0ECLU-00615-00364461-00364676 >> Just a single part. YNAWnI0ECLU-00616-00364676-00364891 >> Just the single part is different, YNAWnI0ECLU-00617-00364891-00365389 but it would be a different formula just to point that out. YNAWnI0ECLU-00618-00365389-00366049 We wouldn't move, yes exactly. YNAWnI0ECLU-00619-00366049-00366055 >> [Inaudible] YNAWnI0ECLU-00620-00366056-00366569 >> Yes we would need different values there. YNAWnI0ECLU-00621-00366569-00366925 >> A roadblock. YNAWnI0ECLU-00622-00366925-00367311 >> But we would have problems with children younger than 3, YNAWnI0ECLU-00623-00367311-00368012 plus there is very little data basis, not in terms of metabolizes urine, YNAWnI0ECLU-00624-00368012-00368823 but in terms of extrapolating from the urinary level to data intake. YNAWnI0ECLU-00625-00368823-00369643 While I assume it is not 24 hour urine data Russ, it is spot urine and you know how it is YNAWnI0ECLU-00626-00369643-00370407 with creatine with children half a year, a year of age, very low so it is difficult to use that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00627-00370407-00370819 We would probably go by the urine volume, the daily urine volume YNAWnI0ECLU-00628-00370819-00371152 and then we need some data on that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00629-00371259-00371957 But again, we can be very open and explain everything and it is up to everybody YNAWnI0ECLU-00630-00371957-00372530 to decide on reliability and uncertainty. YNAWnI0ECLU-00631-00372530-00372564 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00632-00372564-00373668 >> I think when we go through this, the uncertainties are going to pop right out. YNAWnI0ECLU-00633-00373668-00374901 Any other comments, questions. YNAWnI0ECLU-00634-00374901-00375048 If not Mike, do you want to? YNAWnI0ECLU-00635-00375048-00375458 >> So can I just ask are we saying we are going to try to get data from other people to do this YNAWnI0ECLU-00636-00375458-00376184 and pregnant women or children or where are we with that? YNAWnI0ECLU-00637-00376184-00376850 >> If assuming you still, Kolger [assumed spelling] is willing to make estimates, YNAWnI0ECLU-00638-00376850-00377805 we could certainly ask for the data on children and/or pregnant women and we can ask YNAWnI0ECLU-00639-00377805-00378768 for the individual data if you are willing to do the calculations. YNAWnI0ECLU-00640-00378768-00379166 >> We will have to discuss first what kind of data we request YNAWnI0ECLU-00641-00379166-00379654 or what is the data basis we need like age of the women, body weight, YNAWnI0ECLU-00642-00379654-00380194 etc. We need to track whether all this data is available. YNAWnI0ECLU-00643-00380194-00380991 >> Is this equation the correct equation for a pregnant women, other than the creatine part? YNAWnI0ECLU-00644-00380991-00381409 >> There are no studies with pregnant women in terms or urinary metabolite. YNAWnI0ECLU-00645-00381409-00381923 There have never been dosages of pregnant women, of course. YNAWnI0ECLU-00646-00382042-00382492 >> Trimester versus third, I mean creatine excretions are going YNAWnI0ECLU-00647-00382492-00382753 to change a lot or it is known too. YNAWnI0ECLU-00648-00382753-00382919 >> In addition to body weight? YNAWnI0ECLU-00649-00382919-00382957 >> Yes. [Laughter ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00650-00382957-00383352 >> That usually goes up. YNAWnI0ECLU-00651-00383352-00383837 >> So but I mean are there ways of informing, I mean do we would we other YNAWnI0ECLU-00652-00383837-00384454 than adjusting the creatine, the smooth creatine and excretion, are there other corrections YNAWnI0ECLU-00653-00384454-00384655 that we would make to such a formula for pregnant women. YNAWnI0ECLU-00654-00384655-00385042 We just don't know how reliable it is. YNAWnI0ECLU-00655-00385042-00385373 Is that what we are saying, because those studies haven't been done. YNAWnI0ECLU-00656-00385373-00385485 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00657-00386006-00386303 >> Any other comments, Paul? YNAWnI0ECLU-00658-00386303-00387025 >> I just think we should move ahead and learn about what might as in terms of data YNAWnI0ECLU-00659-00387025-00387237 that is available to us could help. YNAWnI0ECLU-00660-00387237-00387558 I think tailor some of the thoughts that Chris YNAWnI0ECLU-00661-00387558-00388083 and Holger have been toying with in their approach. YNAWnI0ECLU-00663-00393364-00394548 >> Okay this is the work that we did in about 2000 and it is all about DINP YNAWnI0ECLU-00664-00394548-00395691 and this is I think well this is I think mostly about the methodology in the approach YNAWnI0ECLU-00665-00395691-00396111 that we use, but I think it is still relevant YNAWnI0ECLU-00666-00396111-00396721 to the current situation, but it is only oral exposure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00667-00396721-00397595 Of course in 1998, almost everything that we tested contained DINP YNAWnI0ECLU-00668-00397595-00398979 and these are essentially these are teethers, rattles and soft plastic toys sold in the US, YNAWnI0ECLU-00669-00398979-00399234 99, 90 percent of them contain DINP. YNAWnI0ECLU-00670-00399234-00399544 And that is just a little bit of history, first there was DEHP, YNAWnI0ECLU-00671-00399544-00400051 which was replaced by DINP and so on. YNAWnI0ECLU-00672-00400051-00400720 And of course, DINP is relatively unique, because it is a mixture YNAWnI0ECLU-00673-00400720-00401142 of many different isomers which sort of complicates everything. YNAWnI0ECLU-00674-00401142-00401889 It has very low vapor pressure, lower than most of the other phthalates. YNAWnI0ECLU-00675-00401889-00402371 It is less soluble and more hydrophobic than even most of the other phthalates. YNAWnI0ECLU-00676-00402371-00403007 So what did we do, we surveyed the soft plastic teethers and toys for DINP and the amount. YNAWnI0ECLU-00677-00403007-00403300 We measured migration rates in the laboratory, YNAWnI0ECLU-00678-00403300-00403571 this method it was calibrated against adult volunteers. YNAWnI0ECLU-00679-00403571-00404517 We also did an observation study with children up to 36 months old, YNAWnI0ECLU-00680-00404517-00405337 which looked at mouthing behavior and then did a probabilistic analysis for children YNAWnI0ECLU-00681-00405337-00405784 by different age and by different products. YNAWnI0ECLU-00682-00405784-00406359 These are just some of the toys that we are dealing with. YNAWnI0ECLU-00683-00406359-00406487 This is the apparatus. YNAWnI0ECLU-00684-00406487-00407317 This was first developed by the Dutch and later adopted by the European Commission. YNAWnI0ECLU-00685-00407317-00407667 You take a disc, a 10 square centimeter disc punched out from the product. YNAWnI0ECLU-00686-00407667-00408585 You immerse it in a saliva stimulant or saline solution, whatever. YNAWnI0ECLU-00687-00408585-00409369 It is tumbled in this apparatus at 60 RPMs for a certain amount of time, half an hour. YNAWnI0ECLU-00688-00409369-00409618 You collect the solvent. YNAWnI0ECLU-00689-00409618-00410142 You add fresh solution, repeat it and then when you are done you combine, YNAWnI0ECLU-00690-00410142-00410660 then measure the amount of DINP in the solution. YNAWnI0ECLU-00691-00410660-00411138 And this was validated, well I will explain that in a minute. YNAWnI0ECLU-00692-00411138-00411541 This just shows the migration rates as a percentage of DINP. YNAWnI0ECLU-00693-00411541-00411729 There is a lot of scatter. YNAWnI0ECLU-00694-00411729-00412476 You would expect that all things being equal that the migration rate would increase YNAWnI0ECLU-00695-00412476-00413320 with the concentration, but obviously with DINP not all things are equal. YNAWnI0ECLU-00696-00413320-00413656 There are different manufacturing processes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00697-00413656-00413843 There are different additives. YNAWnI0ECLU-00698-00413843-00414547 I am not sure what is actually accounting for the difference except that it is there. YNAWnI0ECLU-00699-00414547-00415054 These were validated against or calibrated against studies YNAWnI0ECLU-00700-00415054-00415355 with volunteers, human adult volunteers. YNAWnI0ECLU-00701-00415355-00415795 There were several of these studies done. YNAWnI0ECLU-00702-00415795-00417007 The Dutch did the first, a typical study has 10 or 20 adult volunteers. YNAWnI0ECLU-00703-00417007-00417324 They are given a PVC disc, which they mouth for one hour. YNAWnI0ECLU-00704-00417324-00417627 Now the instructions are to mouth, suck or gently chew this disc. YNAWnI0ECLU-00705-00417627-00417953 It is broken up into four 15 minute sessions YNAWnI0ECLU-00706-00417953-00418431 and you collect the person's saliva and analyze for the phthalate. YNAWnI0ECLU-00707-00418431-00418842 There is also in the 15 minute sessions there are breaks YNAWnI0ECLU-00708-00418842-00419264 and there is also a session with a Teflon blank. YNAWnI0ECLU-00709-00419264-00420076 Some of these use actual toys, some of them used a standard disc that was prepared YNAWnI0ECLU-00710-00420076-00421058 that contained a known amount of DINP and so this shows some results from four studies. YNAWnI0ECLU-00711-00421058-00421739 Now these are the migration rates are scale divided by the mean to put them YNAWnI0ECLU-00712-00421739-00422103 to make them equivalent, but it is just remarkable YNAWnI0ECLU-00713-00422103-00422693 that they are very consistent once you make that observation or make that correction. YNAWnI0ECLU-00714-00422693-00423476 It just strike me as very consistent in their of course log normally distributed. YNAWnI0ECLU-00715-00423476-00424588 So the migration data, this is 10 years ago, they were almost all DINP by this time, YNAWnI0ECLU-00716-00424588-00425521 42 percent of them, only 42 percent of the toys that we tested contained DINP. YNAWnI0ECLU-00717-00425521-00426267 Data migration rate and then we also what we did, we added a factor, when the Dutch YNAWnI0ECLU-00718-00426267-00427066 and the European Commission developed this method for measuring migration YNAWnI0ECLU-00719-00427239-00427943 in the laboratory, they adjusted the conditions so that the migration rate YNAWnI0ECLU-00720-00427943-00428603 in the laboratory would correspond to the 95th percentile YNAWnI0ECLU-00721-00428603-00429156 in the human studies and that was their choice. YNAWnI0ECLU-00722-00429156-00430114 So here what we did was we took data from one of the volunteer studies with the standard disc, YNAWnI0ECLU-00723-00430114-00431285 got the migration rate with the volunteers and a migration rate YNAWnI0ECLU-00724-00431285-00431839 by the laboratory method, came up with a ratio of .28. YNAWnI0ECLU-00725-00431839-00432542 In other words, we are adjusting the mean to the mean instead of the 95th percentile to the mean. YNAWnI0ECLU-00726-00432542-00433320 The observation study 169 children from 3 to 36 months, YNAWnI0ECLU-00727-00433320-00434541 randomly selected in two metropolitan areas, we had trained observers, but there is a couple YNAWnI0ECLU-00728-00434541-00435018 of studies where they have the parents make all the observations. YNAWnI0ECLU-00729-00435018-00435347 We sent trained observers to the children's, either their homes YNAWnI0ECLU-00730-00435347-00435749 or their day care, wherever they were. YNAWnI0ECLU-00731-00435749-00436105 We did a total of 12 twenty minute observations over a two day period. YNAWnI0ECLU-00732-00436105-00436946 We recorded everything that the child mouthed, including the frequency and the duration. YNAWnI0ECLU-00733-00436946-00437672 We did have the parent's record, because they were the only ones present YNAWnI0ECLU-00734-00437672-00438578 for the entire day the time that the child was awake and not eating, YNAWnI0ECLU-00735-00438578-00439227 presumably because they are not mouthing while they are asleep YNAWnI0ECLU-00736-00439227-00439391 and while they are eating they can't. YNAWnI0ECLU-00737-00439391-00440160 So what we ended up with for this is okay so for all except pacifiers, YNAWnI0ECLU-00738-00440160-00441762 the youngest children averaged 70 minutes per day and it declines as they get older. YNAWnI0ECLU-00739-00441762-00442305 When you start looking at specific products like plastic teethers and rattles YNAWnI0ECLU-00740-00442305-00442925 or self-plastic toys, the times are actually very surprisingly low YNAWnI0ECLU-00741-00442925-00443125 on the order of a minute per day. YNAWnI0ECLU-00742-00443125-00443770 What the children mouth on most more than anything is their fingers, then pacifiers, YNAWnI0ECLU-00743-00443770-00444407 then teethers and toys and then after that it drops off. YNAWnI0ECLU-00744-00444407-00445577 So you know previously, we had been using you know estimates of hours per day of mouthing time YNAWnI0ECLU-00745-00445577-00445716 and some people are still using YNAWnI0ECLU-00746-00445716-00446178 for risk assessment purposes assuming an hour per day or more. YNAWnI0ECLU-00747-00446178-00446647 This is just for self plastic toys for the different age groups, the means, YNAWnI0ECLU-00748-00446647-00447162 a couple of minutes per day, here the 95th percentile is still under 10 minutes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00749-00447162-00447587 The medians in fact were 0, because on a given day less than half YNAWnI0ECLU-00750-00447587-00448445 of the children were actually mouthing or observe to moth those particular toys. YNAWnI0ECLU-00751-00448445-00448818 So we calculated the daily exposure based on the migration rate YNAWnI0ECLU-00752-00448818-00449342 of the product measured in the laboratory. YNAWnI0ECLU-00753-00449342-00449735 This is the correction factor, this is the standard disc migration rate YNAWnI0ECLU-00754-00449735-00450117 in human volunteers versus the laboratory. YNAWnI0ECLU-00755-00450117-00450863 This is the mouthing time in minutes per hour that the child mouthed the particular article YNAWnI0ECLU-00756-00450863-00451424 and the time that they are awake each day divided by the body weight. YNAWnI0ECLU-00757-00451424-00452159 So you basically do a sampling a Monte Carlo kind of analysis, YNAWnI0ECLU-00758-00452159-00453231 now some of these are the mouthing time, the minutes, it is minutes per hour is dependent YNAWnI0ECLU-00759-00453231-00454438 on the product, the child's age in months and the product, the exposure time depends YNAWnI0ECLU-00760-00454438-00455033 on those things as well and the body weight depends on the child's age in months. YNAWnI0ECLU-00761-00455033-00456068 So we did all this sampling and came up with these estimates for children 3 to 11 months old, YNAWnI0ECLU-00762-00456068-00456962 we are talking about mean in the 95th, even the 99th percentile exposures going up to YNAWnI0ECLU-00763-00456962-00457545 on the order of microgram per kilogram per day. YNAWnI0ECLU-00764-00457545-00458254 Now this is assuming 40 percent of the toys contain DINP YNAWnI0ECLU-00765-00458254-00458927 and you can do the same thing assuming, do the calculation assuming that they all contain DINP, YNAWnI0ECLU-00766-00458927-00459156 which was the case some time ago. YNAWnI0ECLU-00767-00459156-00460002 So the well the key assumptions, well we applied migration rates from one product to another, YNAWnI0ECLU-00768-00460002-00460470 because I didn't think that really mattered. YNAWnI0ECLU-00769-00460470-00461470 You know in the human studies and interpreting them you are collecting their saliva, YNAWnI0ECLU-00770-00461470-00462666 so we are assuming that absorption through the oral mucosa is negligible YNAWnI0ECLU-00771-00462666-00463071 and well we didn't estimate dermal exposure in this case. YNAWnI0ECLU-00772-00463071-00463824 The limitations well there is a lot of variability, it is not so much uncertainty YNAWnI0ECLU-00773-00463824-00464291 as variability in the migration rates and mouthing times. YNAWnI0ECLU-00774-00464291-00464864 And well for our overall conclusions, we were only looking at one phthalate YNAWnI0ECLU-00775-00464864-00465828 and a narrower range of products, so now here we are we are here and it is now winter. YNAWnI0ECLU-00776-00465828-00466892 So I want to just quickly bring up another a few more slides YNAWnI0ECLU-00777-00466892-00467214 that show the more recent work that we did. YNAWnI0ECLU-00778-00467214-00468750 I am going to skip the flame retardants. YNAWnI0ECLU-00780-00483910-00484251 But there is, go to. YNAWnI0ECLU-00781-00484251-00484929 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00782-00484929-00485941 I don't see a slide show, oh maybe. YNAWnI0ECLU-00783-00485941-00487954 Well in that case, I accidently copied the PDF instead of the yes YNAWnI0ECLU-00784-00487954-00488785 that is what I am going to do, I hear ya, okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00785-00489093-00490264 So we already know this, we already know about the three permanently prohibited YNAWnI0ECLU-00786-00490264-00491522 in the interim prohibition and so let's look at exposure studies. YNAWnI0ECLU-00787-00491522-00491960 We collected 63 toys and child care articles YNAWnI0ECLU-00788-00491960-00492839 and we collected these a couple months before the ban actually became effective YNAWnI0ECLU-00789-00492839-00493384 and we identified the plastics and plasticizers YNAWnI0ECLU-00790-00493384-00494288 and we measured the plasticizer concentration and migration. YNAWnI0ECLU-00791-00494288-00495520 So we don't really need that and 10 years ago almost everything was PVC and had DINP. YNAWnI0ECLU-00792-00495520-00496163 You can see now that PVC is now about a third of the plastic toys, YNAWnI0ECLU-00793-00496163-00496422 soft plastic toys that we tested. YNAWnI0ECLU-00794-00496422-00497170 There is a variety of other plastics, most of which don't require a plasticizer. YNAWnI0ECLU-00795-00497485-00498177 Of the PVC products, of course now that the phthalates are banned YNAWnI0ECLU-00796-00498177-00498750 and this is actually just before the ban, this is one DINP product, YNAWnI0ECLU-00797-00498750-00499596 which would be still allowed because it can't fit in a child's mouth. YNAWnI0ECLU-00798-00499596-00500563 The DEHP is one that now would be banned and as far as the plasticizers go, ATBC, YNAWnI0ECLU-00799-00500563-00501635 a cetyl-tributyl citrate it probably the biggest followed by this is the para-isomer YNAWnI0ECLU-00800-00501635-00502921 or tera-phthalate version of DEHP, [inaudible] is if you take DINP and reduce the ring, YNAWnI0ECLU-00801-00502921-00503357 so instead of an aromatic ring you have a psychlo-hexine [assumed spelling]. YNAWnI0ECLU-00802-00503357-00503983 DXIB is a plasticizer, it is not really a plasticizer, YNAWnI0ECLU-00803-00503983-00504355 it is used in combination with other plasticizers. YNAWnI0ECLU-00804-00504355-00505174 It is not used by itself, but it was present in a significant portion of the products. YNAWnI0ECLU-00805-00505174-00505859 It is not used by itself, but it was present in a significant portion YNAWnI0ECLU-00806-00505859-00505992 of the products, a few benzoates. YNAWnI0ECLU-00807-00505992-00506964 And in fact most of the products that we tested had more than one of these, YNAWnI0ECLU-00808-00506964-00507180 some of them had as many as three. YNAWnI0ECLU-00809-00507180-00507309 You have already seen that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00810-00507309-00507662 These are the migration rates. YNAWnI0ECLU-00811-00507662-00508128 This was interesting because dinch [assumed spelling] is actually pretty similar YNAWnI0ECLU-00812-00508128-00508787 to what DINP was and the other thing that struck me here, there is some difference YNAWnI0ECLU-00813-00508787-00509072 in the migration rates among the different ones. YNAWnI0ECLU-00814-00509072-00510027 For most of these, the concentration of the plasticizer seems to correlate pretty well YNAWnI0ECLU-00815-00510027-00510677 or the migration rate seems to correlate pretty well with the percentage, YNAWnI0ECLU-00816-00510677-00511359 but dinch is more like what we found with DINP, it is kind of all over the place. YNAWnI0ECLU-00817-00511359-00511897 The others are much more better correlated. YNAWnI0ECLU-00818-00511897-00513235 And let's see I didn't okay I didn't show all the data, this is really all that I have YNAWnI0ECLU-00819-00513235-00514055 on these slides, but the other thing that we did besides the migration data that I have shown, YNAWnI0ECLU-00820-00514055-00514455 we did wipe samples of the toys to estimate, YNAWnI0ECLU-00821-00514455-00514876 dermal that we could use to estimate dermal exposure. YNAWnI0ECLU-00822-00514876-00515391 So we have got a set of toys and I am just presenting the summary data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00823-00515391-00516074 We have got the individual toys and any level of detail you want. YNAWnI0ECLU-00824-00516074-00516901 Toys and other kinds of things that the kids, things that would qualify as child care articles YNAWnI0ECLU-00825-00516901-00517876 under the new regulations and the question is whether we need more data YNAWnI0ECLU-00826-00517876-00519176 or more some other kind of migration study that we don't have, but it is a start. YNAWnI0ECLU-00827-00519176-00519756 And you know the issue we had with the last chap is the data weren't ready YNAWnI0ECLU-00828-00519756-00519972 until the chap is already done. YNAWnI0ECLU-00829-00519972-00520710 This way we wanted to do at least get started on it before you came together YNAWnI0ECLU-00830-00520710-00521139 so at least you would have some data to work with. YNAWnI0ECLU-00831-00521139-00521924 >> Comments, questions? YNAWnI0ECLU-00832-00522097-00522241 Holger, yes? YNAWnI0ECLU-00833-00522241-00522747 >> Probably I ask for the question last time already, what is the reason YNAWnI0ECLU-00834-00522747-00523407 for the human versus lead correction factor? YNAWnI0ECLU-00835-00523407-00524220 >> Well when they developed the study that method, they adjusted the conditions YNAWnI0ECLU-00836-00524220-00524985 of the laboratory, the time and volume and so on to correspond to the 95th percentile YNAWnI0ECLU-00837-00524985-00525349 or the upper end of the volunteers. YNAWnI0ECLU-00838-00525349-00525750 And you saw it was a very skewed distribution. YNAWnI0ECLU-00839-00525750-00526643 Here we did that factor so it would be a one to one basically and then we YNAWnI0ECLU-00840-00526643-00527349 because we were doing a probabilistic exposure assessment so we didn't have YNAWnI0ECLU-00841-00527349-00527798 to worry about being conservative. YNAWnI0ECLU-00842-00527798-00528700 >> Would the lip have overestimated the exposure as it has been found in the human studies? YNAWnI0ECLU-00843-00528815-00529510 >> Well by this method, it is nominally the same. YNAWnI0ECLU-00844-00529510-00530216 The one possible source was with the humans if some of the DINP were absorbed YNAWnI0ECLU-00845-00530216-00531489 through the lining of the mouth, then that could cause an underestimation. YNAWnI0ECLU-00846-00531489-00532328 Well we convinced ourselves that wasn't likely, but that is not a fact. YNAWnI0ECLU-00847-00532328-00532896 >> Did you check for metabolic activity in the saliva? YNAWnI0ECLU-00848-00532896-00532958 >> No. YNAWnI0ECLU-00849-00532958-00533619 >> Do you know that saliva is full of estaraces [assumed spelling] for example, YNAWnI0ECLU-00850-00533619-00534349 so it might produce monoesters [assumed spelling] in saliva? YNAWnI0ECLU-00851-00534349-00534724 >> At that time, no one tested for that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00852-00534724-00535306 >> Because I think one should at least measure the monoesters to check whether, YNAWnI0ECLU-00853-00535306-00536002 because my suspicion is a lot of the DINP, DIHP or dinch will be broken down already YNAWnI0ECLU-00854-00536002-00536318 if you chew it for 15 minutes in the saliva. YNAWnI0ECLU-00855-00536318-00536482 >> Even in 15? YNAWnI0ECLU-00856-00536482-00536978 >> Yes, pretty fast. YNAWnI0ECLU-00857-00536978-00537363 I just want to add these comments to maybe future. YNAWnI0ECLU-00858-00537363-00537646 >> Yes definitely. YNAWnI0ECLU-00859-00537646-00538256 >> Can you put up the slide, didn't you have estimates YNAWnI0ECLU-00860-00538256-00538488 in micrograms per kilograms per day, what those values are? YNAWnI0ECLU-00861-00538488-00538551 >> Yes YNAWnI0ECLU-00863-00542033-00542501 >> I will put this one up, this is assuming that all of the toys YNAWnI0ECLU-00864-00542501-00543045 and teethers and so on contain DINP. YNAWnI0ECLU-00865-00543045-00543519 >> I just want to I couldn't there was a problem with doing things quickly YNAWnI0ECLU-00866-00543519-00543981 and I could have made an error, but what I just did while you were talking was look YNAWnI0ECLU-00867-00543981-00544777 at the estimated daily intake from DINP from the calculations that I showed you all YNAWnI0ECLU-00868-00544777-00545589 and you know this is for older kids, 6 through 18, but there is somebody YNAWnI0ECLU-00869-00545589-00546470 with a very high value you know 4,800 micrograms, but the median is actually 7.1. YNAWnI0ECLU-00870-00546470-00547184 The mean is skewed, so the mean is 18 and a half, but the median so if you think YNAWnI0ECLU-00871-00547184-00548715 about 7.1 is the median daily intake for DINP that might be. YNAWnI0ECLU-00872-00548715-00548926 >> Micrograms? YNAWnI0ECLU-00873-00548926-00549163 >> Micrograms per kilogram per day. YNAWnI0ECLU-00874-00549163-00549749 >> Yes of course this is just from mouthing toys. YNAWnI0ECLU-00875-00549749-00550253 >> But the point is so here the average exposure, sorry the average daily intake YNAWnI0ECLU-00876-00550253-00550827 for DINP is estimated at 7.2, but you know a third YNAWnI0ECLU-00877-00550827-00551223 of that is the 99 percentile for 12 to 20, 30 months. YNAWnI0ECLU-00878-00551223-00551851 And it is different ages and all that I know apples and oranges. YNAWnI0ECLU-00879-00551851-00553151 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00880-00553151-00553451 >> Assuming this is right, YNAWnI0ECLU-00881-00553451-00554865 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00882-00554865-00555537 >> So if you use the mean in 3 to 11 months old and use the higher level, it is about 10 percent YNAWnI0ECLU-00883-00555537-00556316 of the total daily intake, right because you said it was 7. YNAWnI0ECLU-00884-00556316-00556904 >> The median is 7, the mean is 18 1/2. YNAWnI0ECLU-00885-00556904-00557676 >> Alright, so it is even less. YNAWnI0ECLU-00886-00557676-00557954 >> I just would like to site something. YNAWnI0ECLU-00887-00557954-00558593 Salivary glands also secrete salivary lipase, the more potent form YNAWnI0ECLU-00888-00558593-00559004 of lipase to start for digestion. YNAWnI0ECLU-00889-00559004-00559443 Lipase plays a large role in fat digestion in newborns, YNAWnI0ECLU-00890-00559443-00559856 as the pancreatic lipase has still some time to develop. YNAWnI0ECLU-00891-00559856-00560431 So I think if we look at newborns and young children, YNAWnI0ECLU-00892-00560431-00560928 we have to assume that they have strong [inaudible] activity in the mouth YNAWnI0ECLU-00893-00560928-00561820 and that therefore any extracted DINP is vastly metabolized to MINP or other monoesters YNAWnI0ECLU-00894-00561820-00562631 and we would have to assume that in some way additional to the mucosa reabsorption. YNAWnI0ECLU-00895-00562631-00562785 >> Well I think. YNAWnI0ECLU-00896-00562785-00563336 >> That is exactly my opinion. YNAWnI0ECLU-00897-00563336-00564389 >> But in an infant, once it migrates, we are assuming that the infant, this migrates out YNAWnI0ECLU-00898-00564389-00564941 and we are assuming that the infant swallows all of that and it doesn't matter. YNAWnI0ECLU-00899-00564941-00565506 Once it is in the mouth, I mean once it is in the mouth, YNAWnI0ECLU-00900-00565506-00566177 it doesn't matter if it gets metabolized in the saliva or in the gut or whatever. YNAWnI0ECLU-00901-00566177-00566833 What is a concern is in the adult studies, it is a concern. YNAWnI0ECLU-00902-00566833-00567014 For the kids, it doesn't matter. YNAWnI0ECLU-00903-00567014-00567639 >> It is just an additional point of remark, so you would have to correct for the lipase active YNAWnI0ECLU-00904-00567639-00567827 or would at least have to measure the monoestes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00905-00567827-00568115 >> I don't understand why, I mean you are putting a level YNAWnI0ECLU-00906-00568115-00568364 of detail on here that is unnecessary. YNAWnI0ECLU-00907-00568364-00568840 >> No you are doing a big mistake if you only measure the diesta [assumed spelling] YNAWnI0ECLU-00908-00568840-00568950 in the saliva. YNAWnI0ECLU-00909-00568950-00569475 >> What he is measuring, what he is saying here is this is the estimate of the exposure YNAWnI0ECLU-00910-00569475-00569911 from the toys before anything is metabolized, anything. YNAWnI0ECLU-00911-00569911-00570570 >> Yes it is based on the human saliva data where you measured the diesta. YNAWnI0ECLU-00912-00570570-00570934 If 50 or 70 percent of the diestes has already [inaudible] YNAWnI0ECLU-00913-00570934-00571253 to the monoestes, you underestimate the result. YNAWnI0ECLU-00914-00571253-00571922 >> You are measuring the diester and it is quickly cleaved, probably almost instantaneously YNAWnI0ECLU-00915-00571922-00572287 in an infant's or child's mouth to the monoester. YNAWnI0ECLU-00916-00572287-00572341 >> Okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-00917-00572341-00572949 >> So the chemical analysis will miss the monoester, because it is measuring the diester. YNAWnI0ECLU-00918-00572949-00573312 >> This is a hypothetical measurement, this is not real. YNAWnI0ECLU-00919-00573312-00573464 >> This isn't saliva. YNAWnI0ECLU-00920-00573464-00573918 These are phosphate buffer saline or something. YNAWnI0ECLU-00921-00573918-00574199 >> Right that is what it is, it isn't saliva. YNAWnI0ECLU-00922-00574199-00574426 >> The adults, it is saliva. YNAWnI0ECLU-00923-00574426-00574624 >> Right the adult one with the saliva. YNAWnI0ECLU-00924-00574624-00574932 >> With the adults that is an issue. YNAWnI0ECLU-00925-00574932-00575163 >> Not on this data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00926-00575163-00575511 >> Exactly Paul that is exactly why I asked the question, what is the difference YNAWnI0ECLU-00927-00575511-00575705 between the lab and the human study? YNAWnI0ECLU-00928-00575705-00576017 >> Okay yes, if you were asking that question yes, YNAWnI0ECLU-00929-00576017-00576381 but I think what you are interpreting from it is not. YNAWnI0ECLU-00930-00576381-00576819 >> But the lab study, there is no lipases. YNAWnI0ECLU-00931-00576819-00577221 >> Exactly, so I was interested in the differences, obviously there has YNAWnI0ECLU-00932-00577221-00577563 to be a difference which needed to be corrected for YNAWnI0ECLU-00933-00577563-00577886 and I would have been interested in the reason for this. YNAWnI0ECLU-00934-00577886-00578433 >> Well I mean I think I misunderstood the question, YNAWnI0ECLU-00935-00578433-00579272 but what they did was they actually did, the Dutch did the human studies first YNAWnI0ECLU-00936-00579272-00579840 and then developed a method that would approximate the human studies. YNAWnI0ECLU-00937-00579840-00579896 >> Right. YNAWnI0ECLU-00938-00579896-00580131 >> A laboratory method. YNAWnI0ECLU-00939-00580131-00580667 >> If the assumption has been wrong in the beginning, you cannot develop a lab method YNAWnI0ECLU-00940-00580667-00581380 which is based on the wrong data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00941-00581380-00581546 >> Exactly. YNAWnI0ECLU-00942-00581886-00582443 >> [Inaudible] in the saliva is under measured, because you are not measuring, YNAWnI0ECLU-00943-00582443-00583033 a lot of the diester is converted to the monoester and then you are using that to model YNAWnI0ECLU-00944-00583033-00583588 in the human study and then you are using that to model the hypothetical YNAWnI0ECLU-00945-00583588-00583951 or done by machine, I guess right? YNAWnI0ECLU-00946-00583951-00584726 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00947-00584726-00584994 >> That was just one point to illustrate. YNAWnI0ECLU-00948-00584994-00585392 >> I still don't before you get off that one point, YNAWnI0ECLU-00949-00585392-00585659 I still don't know where you are going with this. YNAWnI0ECLU-00950-00585659-00586325 I mean this is a hypothetical DINP exposure from plastic toys, right. YNAWnI0ECLU-00951-00586325-00586855 Explain to me what your point is with respect to those numbers. YNAWnI0ECLU-00952-00586855-00587016 >> Okay do it step wise. YNAWnI0ECLU-00953-00587016-00587475 >> Yes, I would like to hear step wise, because you are confusing me YNAWnI0ECLU-00954-00587475-00588050 and if it is confusing me, it will confuse others. YNAWnI0ECLU-00955-00588050-00588826 >> So my introductory question was why there was this factor relating lab YNAWnI0ECLU-00956-00588826-00589596 to human results, obviously there is a difference. YNAWnI0ECLU-00957-00589596-00589615 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00958-00589615-00590242 >> A big difference in the human approach compared to the lab model is YNAWnI0ECLU-00959-00590242-00590826 that the lab saliva is missing lipase. YNAWnI0ECLU-00960-00590931-00591375 So in the human study, if you assumed lipase activity, YNAWnI0ECLU-00961-00591375-00591673 you would assume that the diester has cleaved to the monoester. YNAWnI0ECLU-00962-00591673-00592396 In the human study only the diester has been measured, if you don't measure the monoester, YNAWnI0ECLU-00963-00592396-00593140 you are underestimating the migration of the diester from the product. YNAWnI0ECLU-00964-00593140-00593637 >> And how fast is that migration and how fast does that transfer occur? YNAWnI0ECLU-00965-00593637-00594052 >> It is instantaneous. YNAWnI0ECLU-00966-00594052-00594681 >> [inaudible] right, so it is seconds, once there is contact between the enzyme YNAWnI0ECLU-00967-00594681-00595441 and the diester, it is a simple chemical reaction, I think it would occur. YNAWnI0ECLU-00968-00595441-00596037 >> There is often kinetics involved, but let's face it if you mouth this object for a couple YNAWnI0ECLU-00969-00596037-00596578 of minutes at 37 degrees, ideal temperature. YNAWnI0ECLU-00970-00596578-00597075 >> Has anyone done that experiment? YNAWnI0ECLU-00971-00597075-00597336 >> Probably nobody has. YNAWnI0ECLU-00972-00597336-00597655 >> So we are making an assumption one way or the other. YNAWnI0ECLU-00973-00597655-00598033 >> I think you are making the wrong assumption from the beginning YNAWnI0ECLU-00974-00598033-00598853 on that you don't assume the cleavage of the diester, because that would be the first YNAWnI0ECLU-00975-00598853-00599655 and most logical step to occur in my opinion or I think there is lipase activity in saliva. YNAWnI0ECLU-00976-00599655-00601046 I brought it up because my set, they modeled the membrane take up or the mucous membrane YNAWnI0ECLU-00977-00601046-00601287 that the mucous membrane would play a role. YNAWnI0ECLU-00978-00601287-00601701 I would say if you introduced the mucous membrane, you would definitely have YNAWnI0ECLU-00979-00601701-00601922 to introduce the lipase activity. YNAWnI0ECLU-00980-00601922-00602575 >> I think we should go back to the original report and see what they did. YNAWnI0ECLU-00981-00602575-00602938 I want to find out what the assumptions were, whether they made any corrections, YNAWnI0ECLU-00982-00602938-00603419 because right now all we are doing is debating hypothetical's, YNAWnI0ECLU-00983-00603419-00603764 we need to look at the original approach that they used YNAWnI0ECLU-00984-00603764-00604408 and why the ratio they selected is what it is. YNAWnI0ECLU-00985-00604813-00605388 >> This gets back to some of the discussion items on our draft agenda, who will do what YNAWnI0ECLU-00986-00605388-00606117 and it sounds like one of the things that Mike will provide protocols YNAWnI0ECLU-00987-00606117-00606567 and data studies to Holger and Chris. YNAWnI0ECLU-00988-00606567-00607387 What other, we talked about data for pregnant women, YNAWnI0ECLU-00989-00607387-00608055 so Russ you are going to provide these references. YNAWnI0ECLU-00990-00608055-00608223 >> Yes. YNAWnI0ECLU-00991-00608399-00609333 >> The contact directly from Mike and CPSC or I could work with you in identifying the three YNAWnI0ECLU-00992-00609333-00609990 or four cohorts and asking for original data and then as Holger mentioned, we would want to know YNAWnI0ECLU-00993-00609990-00610653 which variables in terms of age and body weight, etc that they would supply with the data. YNAWnI0ECLU-00994-00610653-00611085 >> I can do that. YNAWnI0ECLU-00995-00611380-00611943 >> Any other assignments that we implicitly made or explicitly made? YNAWnI0ECLU-00996-00612051-00613546 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-00997-00613546-00614340 >> So should we have someone look at those tables that we are assuming values from YNAWnI0ECLU-00998-00614340-00615159 and see if there is any improved corrections or do we want to just go with what we have got, YNAWnI0ECLU-00999-00615159-00615625 do we want to try to improve those values, the ones that we set, YNAWnI0ECLU-01000-00615625-00616619 are there better values for those? YNAWnI0ECLU-01001-00616619-00617281 >> Did you calculate them from Earl Grey's data or are they from? YNAWnI0ECLU-01002-00617281-00618040 >> It is literally taken from either Earl Grey's data, Earl Grey's testimony YNAWnI0ECLU-01003-00618040-00618450 or Earl Grey's presentation at the second meeting. YNAWnI0ECLU-01004-00618450-00618554 >> Okay YNAWnI0ECLU-01005-00618554-00619178 >> And you indicated it was 5 milligrams per kilogram per day YNAWnI0ECLU-01006-00619178-00619428 and that they were equipotent and that is what. YNAWnI0ECLU-01007-00619428-00619606 >> And they all had 5. YNAWnI0ECLU-01008-00619606-00619788 >> And then the relative potency was there as well, YNAWnI0ECLU-01009-00619788-00620073 the .15 relative potency, did that come from them? YNAWnI0ECLU-01010-00620073-00620597 >> Yes that is what he said and that is in the testimony. YNAWnI0ECLU-01011-00620597-00621068 >> The 5 was that a no L, low L, it was a no L. YNAWnI0ECLU-01012-00621068-00621294 >> A no L. YNAWnI0ECLU-01013-00621294-00621467 >> Okay. YNAWnI0ECLU-01014-00621967-00622449 >> A question is on the table from Chris as to whether we just want to go with this YNAWnI0ECLU-01015-00622449-00623087 in our scenario modeling or do we want to entertain more discussion YNAWnI0ECLU-01016-00623087-00623531 about whether we should change these assumptions or these values. YNAWnI0ECLU-01017-00623531-00624229 >> We might again ask Earl for his opinion. YNAWnI0ECLU-01018-00624229-00625504 We might ask Andreas again for his opinion. YNAWnI0ECLU-01019-00625504-00625949 >> I think this was very helpful, productive and instructive YNAWnI0ECLU-01020-00625949-00626628 and I think we should go ahead along those lines, but I am a little mindful YNAWnI0ECLU-01021-00626628-00627062 of the other aspect of this morning's discussions YNAWnI0ECLU-01022-00627062-00627519 and that is back to the problem definition step. YNAWnI0ECLU-01023-00627519-00628153 I think we need to do a little more looking at the charge and I guess we need YNAWnI0ECLU-01024-00628153-00628884 to reflect a little more on what precisely Chris and Holger's work is good for YNAWnI0ECLU-01025-00628884-00629185 and what way does it help us address the charge. YNAWnI0ECLU-01026-00629185-00629891 >> Mike, do you have slides you can put up for the charge? YNAWnI0ECLU-01027-00629891-00630516 >> For the charge, I might. YNAWnI0ECLU-01028-00630516-00631151 Let me see. YNAWnI0ECLU-01029-00631151-00632332 [ Silence ] YNAWnI0ECLU-01030-00632332-00633053 >> Alright let's have a coffee break while Mike is looking for this. YNAWnI0ECLU-01031-00633053-00633568 Let's try to be back in 10, 15 minutes, please. YPC8dqwsWE8-00000-00001328-00001800 Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the third-largest state by population YPC8dqwsWE8-00001-00001800-00002328 and twelfth-largest by territory. In ancient and classical India, the area that YPC8dqwsWE8-00002-00002328-00003064 is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's YPC8dqwsWE8-00003-00003064-00003808 first empire, the Maurya empire, and for a very long time, Buddhism was practised in this region. YPC8dqwsWE8-00004-00003808-00004448 Since the late 1970s, Bihar has lagged far behind other Indian states in terms of social and YPC8dqwsWE8-00005-00004448-00005056 economic development. Many economists and social scientists claim that this is a direct result of YPC8dqwsWE8-00006-00005056-00005992 the policies of the central governments since 1947, such as the freight equalisation policy, YPC8dqwsWE8-00007-00006120-00006800 are cited as the cause. Not to forget about the centre’s apathy towards Bihar, the lack of Bihari YPC8dqwsWE8-00008-00006800-00007431 sub-nationalism, and the Permanent Settlement of 1793 by the British East India Company. YPC8dqwsWE8-00009-00007776-00008288 The state government has, however, made significant strides in developing the state. YPC8dqwsWE8-00010-00008344-00008688 Improved governance has led to an economic revival in the state YPC8dqwsWE8-00011-00008688-00009152 through increased investment in infrastructure, better health care facilities, YPC8dqwsWE8-00012-00009152-00009584 greater emphasis on education, and a reduction in crime and corruption. YPC8dqwsWE8-00013-00009584-00010176 Buddhism in Magadha went into decline due to the invasion of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, during YPC8dqwsWE8-00014-00010176-00010696 which many of the viharas were destroyed along with the universities of Nalanda and Vikramashila. YPC8dqwsWE8-00015-00010856-00011704 The tenth and the last guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh, was born in Patna in 1666. YPC8dqwsWE8-00016-00011704-00012248 With political instability in the Mughal Empire following Aurangzeb's death in 1707, YPC8dqwsWE8-00017-00012248-00012840 Murshid Quli Khan declared Bengal's independence and named himself Nawab of Bengal. YPC8dqwsWE8-00018-00012904-00013519 After the Battle of Buxar (1764), the British East India Company obtained the diwani rights YPC8dqwsWE8-00019-00013616-00014096 (rights to administer and collect tax revenue) for Bihar, Bengal and Odisha. YPC8dqwsWE8-00020-00014160-00014656 The rich resources of fertile land, water and skilled labour had attracted the foreign YPC8dqwsWE8-00021-00014656-00015208 imperialists, particularly the Dutch and British, in the 18th century. A number YPC8dqwsWE8-00022-00015208-00015696 of agriculture-based industries had been started in Bihar by foreign entrepreneurs. YPC8dqwsWE8-00023-00015752-00016440 Bihar remained a part of the Bengal Presidency of British India until 1912, when Bihar and Orissa YPC8dqwsWE8-00024-00016440-00016936 were carved out as two separate provinces PRE INDEPENDENCE ERA YPC8dqwsWE8-00025-00017216-00017872 Farmers in Champaran had revolted against indigo cultivation in 1914 and in April 1917, Mahatma YPC8dqwsWE8-00026-00017872-00018408 Gandhi visited Champaran, where Raj Kumar Shukla had drawn his attention to the exploitation of the YPC8dqwsWE8-00027-00018408-00019000 peasants by European indigo planters, which was followed by the Champaran Satyagraha that received YPC8dqwsWE8-00028-00019000-00019496 support from many Bihari nationalists, such as Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha. YPC8dqwsWE8-00029-00019744-00020104 the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of YPC8dqwsWE8-00030-00020104-00020445 the Indian National Congress in April 1936. At the 2011 Census, Bihar was the third most YPC8dqwsWE8-00031-00020445-00020475 populous state of India with a total population of 104,099,452, nearly 89% of it rural. It was YPC8dqwsWE8-00032-00020475-00020500 also India's most densely populated state, with 1,106 persons per square kilometre. YPC8dqwsWE8-00033-00020500-00020528 The sex ratio was 918 females per 1000 males. The state is administratively divided into 9 YPC8dqwsWE8-00034-00020528-00020556 divisions and 38 districts. For the administration of urban areas, Bihar has 12 municipal YPC8dqwsWE8-00035-00020556-00020584 corporations, 49 nagar parishads(city councils), and 80 nagar panchayats (town councils). YPC8dqwsWE8-00036-00020584-00021376 By 2004, The Economist magazine said that "Bihar [had] become a byword for the worst of India, YPC8dqwsWE8-00037-00021376-00022072 of widespread and inescapable poverty, of corrupt politicians indistinguishable from mafia-dons YPC8dqwsWE8-00038-00022072-00022800 they patronise, caste-ridden social order that has retained the worst feudal cruelties". In 2005, the YPC8dqwsWE8-00039-00022800-00023400 World Bank believed that issues faced by the state were "enormous" because of "persistent poverty, YPC8dqwsWE8-00040-00023400-00023984 complex social stratification, unsatisfactory infrastructure and weak governance". YPC8dqwsWE8-00041-00024224-00025192 there are two main political formations: the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which YPC8dqwsWE8-00042-00025192-00025872 comprises Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP, Indian People's Party), Lok Janashakti Party (LJP) and YPC8dqwsWE8-00043-00025872-00026632 Janata Dal (United) (JDU); and a second alliance between Rashtriya YPC8dqwsWE8-00044-00026632-00027280 Janata Dal (RJD, National People's Party), Hindustani Awam Morcha, Rashtriya Lok Samta Party YPC8dqwsWE8-00045-00027280-00027927 and Indian National Congress (INC). YPC8dqwsWE8-00046-00027992-00028432 There are many other political formations, but none strong enough to form a government. YPC8dqwsWE8-00047-00028504-00029168 The Communist Party of India had a strong presence in Bihar at one time, which has since weakened. YPC8dqwsWE8-00048-00029448-00030168 Nitish Kumar has been chief minister of Bihar for 13 years between 2005 and 2020. In contrast to YPC8dqwsWE8-00049-00030168-00030656 prior governments, which emphasized divisions of caste and religion, his political platform YPC8dqwsWE8-00050-00030656-00031264 was based on economic development, reduction of crime and corruption, and greater social equality. YPM1TgIHRZ0-00000-00000687-00000943 Hello Guys, my name is Joel Mukanya YPM1TgIHRZ0-00001-00000943-00001155 I'm CEO and founder at JT Devs YPM1TgIHRZ0-00002-00001323-00001602 for today's video, we going to create some examples YPM1TgIHRZ0-00003-00001602-00002083 on string methods using C# in 2022 YQldNNRGAMy-00000-00000002-00000614 [INSTRUMENTAL INTRO] YQldNNRGAMy-00001-00000642-00000846 Okay, Asallamualaikum wr wb YQldNNRGAMy-00002-00000866-00001620 Hello, my name is Renggi Ardya Putra, this time I will give you an educational video with a topic of YQldNNRGAMy-00003-00001738-00002460 Safety driving encourage people to drive safely on a toll road. And so without wasting our time YQldNNRGAMy-00004-00002506-00003099 Please check it out. First thing that you have to do is prepare yourself, your vehicle YQldNNRGAMy-00005-00003112-00003472 Your driver licenses and documents and also e-toll credit YQldNNRGAMy-00006-00003634-00004516 Check your vehicle's conditions, whether or not there is problem in your vehicle's machine, check also your fuel tank and etc. YQldNNRGAMy-00007-00004542-00004888 make sure that your vehicle or car ready to go YQldNNRGAMy-00008-00005106-00005450 As we know that today, the payment of toll road have already YQldNNRGAMy-00009-00005502-00005932 changed from the conventional one to the modern by using YQldNNRGAMy-00010-00006006-00006445 e-toll card, so make sure that you have enough YQldNNRGAMy-00011-00006462-00006662 your e-toll credit YQldNNRGAMy-00012-00006698-00007170 Secondly, if you are driving vehicle you have to use your seat belt YQldNNRGAMy-00013-00007422-00007840 And this what happened if you are not use your selt belt YQldNNRGAMy-00014-00007931-00008344 [SQUIDWARD CRASHED] YQldNNRGAMy-00015-00008382-00008432 OOOUUUCCHH YQldNNRGAMy-00016-00008452-00008502 Third YQldNNRGAMy-00017-00008564-00008964 You must concern your speed limit when you are driving in toll road YQldNNRGAMy-00018-00009050-00009474 Minimum speed limit in toll road is 60 km/ hour YQldNNRGAMy-00019-00009554-00009972 And, maximum speed limit 100 km/hour YQldNNRGAMy-00020-00010106-00010156 Fourth YQldNNRGAMy-00021-00010220-00010372 Beware on Traffic Sign YQldNNRGAMy-00022-00010542-00010990 In the toll road, you have to look every traffic sign on the toll road YQldNNRGAMy-00023-00011044-00011420 And please follow all instructions given by traffic sign YQldNNRGAMy-00024-00011602-00012066 Number five if there is something wrong or YQldNNRGAMy-00025-00012205-00012707 Emergency condition in your car when you are driving on the toll road YQldNNRGAMy-00026-00012753-00013268 Please stop at the pit stop or rest area or emergency lane YQldNNRGAMy-00027-00013269-00013662 Or maybe you can call tow truck YQldNNRGAMy-00028-00013780-00013941 Number six YQldNNRGAMy-00029-00013941-00014352 Keep your vehicle distance from other vehicle by using YQldNNRGAMy-00030-00014425-00015041 guidance of cat eyes on the toll road or maybe by use the difference YQldNNRGAMy-00031-00015066-00015391 method of three seconds distance YQldNNRGAMy-00032-00015418-00015532 In this way YQldNNRGAMy-00033-00015532-00016292 You can use the difference of time between the car you drive and the car in front of you YQldNNRGAMy-00034-00016336-00016536 for about three seconds YQldNNRGAMy-00035-00016608-00016664 Seventh YQldNNRGAMy-00036-00016870-00017290 if you fell tired or sleepy after the long journey YQldNNRGAMy-00037-00017308-00017882 you can stop on the closest rest area to re-change your energy YQldNNRGAMy-00038-00017902-00017956 Number eight YQldNNRGAMy-00039-00018030-00018432 Don't ever use your mobile phone when you are driving on toll road YQldNNRGAMy-00040-00018556-00018780 Even though, you are the PUBG Champion YQldNNRGAMy-00041-00018850-00019270 Don't ever playing PUBG when you are driving YQldNNRGAMy-00042-00019440-00019918 And also don't call your Girlfriend if you are driving on toll road YQldNNRGAMy-00043-00020104-00020718 And this is the impact when you are playing PUBG and calling your girlfriend when you are driving YQldNNRGAMy-00044-00020818-00021272 SQUIDWARD GOT AN ACCIDENT YQldNNRGAMy-00045-00021274-00021324 OUUCCH YQsFBvby7dU-00000-00000050-00000250 Hey everyone, welcome to Marketing by John. Today YQsFBvby7dU-00001-00000250-00000570 we're talking Marketing Funnels and why they are so important. YQsFBvby7dU-00002-00000570-00000800 Marketing Funnels YQsFBvby7dU-00003-00000800-00001230 basically a marketing funnel is going from somebody who doesn't YQsFBvby7dU-00004-00001230-00001320 know who you are at all. YQsFBvby7dU-00005-00001320-00001530 They don't recognize your business, your brand, nothing. YQsFBvby7dU-00006-00001530-00001870 They don't know what's going on getting their attention allowing YQsFBvby7dU-00007-00001870-00002100 them to become aware of who you are and then leading them YQsFBvby7dU-00008-00002100-00002550 down to the sale and then opening that funnel up the reverse YQsFBvby7dU-00009-00002550-00002940 funnel, which is now keeping them engaged to come back as YQsFBvby7dU-00010-00002940-00002990 a repeat customer. YQsFBvby7dU-00011-00003000-00003329 But I want to simplify this for you because there's YQsFBvby7dU-00012-00003329-00003650 a lot of content out there that complicates the sales funnel YQsFBvby7dU-00013-00003650-00003920 and the marketing funnel and they're all really good resources. YQsFBvby7dU-00014-00003920-00004150 We use them at Good Monster to educate our team. YQsFBvby7dU-00015-00004160-00004270 I'll even give you a good one. YQsFBvby7dU-00016-00004280-00004510 One of the best books on marketing and sales funnels that YQsFBvby7dU-00017-00004510-00004840 I've ever read is .com Secrets by Russell Brunson goes into YQsFBvby7dU-00018-00004860-00005110 detail about the different levels of the sales funnel and YQsFBvby7dU-00019-00005110-00005410 how to create Hooks and and attractive characters. YQsFBvby7dU-00020-00005410-00005740 It's an amazing book, but for most of you out there you lack YQsFBvby7dU-00021-00005740-00006060 the general idea of a marketing funnel and what it actually YQsFBvby7dU-00022-00006060-00006459 looks like and what it does. So, brand you'll hear all the YQsFBvby7dU-00023-00006459-00006590 time on this podcast. YQsFBvby7dU-00024-00006590-00007190 That brand is the most important thing for a company to project YQsFBvby7dU-00025-00007240-00007570 a positive brand, so brand is essentially what people think YQsFBvby7dU-00026-00007570-00007700 of you that's it. YQsFBvby7dU-00027-00007700-00007920 So you want to make sure you're focusing your attention on YQsFBvby7dU-00028-00007920-00008340 creating a positive brand experience because then it leads YQsFBvby7dU-00029-00008340-00008600 to free marketing things like Word of YQsFBvby7dU-00030-00008600-00009180 Mouth, but outside of brand creating a Marketing funnel is YQsFBvby7dU-00031-00009200-00009540 the most important thing to growing your business from a YQsFBvby7dU-00032-00009540-00009670 marketing standpoint. YQsFBvby7dU-00033-00009690-00009710 Okay. YQsFBvby7dU-00034-00009710-00010020 So if you have your operations and check your team YQsFBvby7dU-00035-00010020-00010260 in check all of those things when you talk about marketing YQsFBvby7dU-00036-00010260-00010610 and sales creating a funnel that consistently brings in people YQsFBvby7dU-00037-00010640-00010970 or brings in new business is incredibly important. YQsFBvby7dU-00038-00010980-00011240 So let's go through what a marketing funnel is generally YQsFBvby7dU-00039-00011240-00011650 in the to simplify this a marketing funnel is doing something YQsFBvby7dU-00040-00011660-00011980 to get that person to do something else. YQsFBvby7dU-00041-00012000-00012300 down the funnel, you want to get somebody to do the next YQsFBvby7dU-00042-00012300-00012620 thing in line before they get down to that sale. YQsFBvby7dU-00043-00012630-00012980 So a marketing funnel could be as small as creating a headline YQsFBvby7dU-00044-00012980-00013300 or a subject in an email to get them to open the email and YQsFBvby7dU-00045-00013300-00013600 then the text in the email gets them to read down through YQsFBvby7dU-00046-00013600-00013840 the paragraphs like paragraph number one gives them to read YQsFBvby7dU-00047-00013840-00014090 paragraph number two, paragraph number two gets them to read YQsFBvby7dU-00048-00014090-00014380 paragraph number three, so on and so forth and then at the YQsFBvby7dU-00049-00014380-00014610 end is a call to action and then you get them to click and YQsFBvby7dU-00050-00014610-00014869 they go to your website and then on your website you get YQsFBvby7dU-00051-00014869-00015260 them to sign up for A membership or you get them to you know YQsFBvby7dU-00052-00015260-00015519 purchase a product or take part in a sale. YQsFBvby7dU-00053-00015530-00015600 That's a funnel. YQsFBvby7dU-00054-00015619-00015719 That's a small funnel. YQsFBvby7dU-00055-00015719-00016040 That's one email campaign channeling somebody into your website YQsFBvby7dU-00056-00016050-00016330 a marketing funnel can also be very large. Marketing funnel YQsFBvby7dU-00057-00016330-00016520 can be filled with actual campaigns. YQsFBvby7dU-00058-00016520-00017010 So top of the funnel might be a whole annual campaign brand YQsFBvby7dU-00059-00017010-00017390 campaign, you know, something like Geico, you know, 15 minutes YQsFBvby7dU-00060-00017390-00017750 could save you 15 percent like that's top of funnel brand, YQsFBvby7dU-00061-00017760-00018150 but then you Geico wants to lead people down or going in YQsFBvby7dU-00062-00018150-00018220 or calling. YQsFBvby7dU-00063-00018220-00018610 So the next level the funnel is somebody seeing that brand YQsFBvby7dU-00064-00018610-00018880 awareness or that those brand campaigns and then they go YQsFBvby7dU-00065-00018880-00019190 to Google and they search Geico and then Geico says 15 minutes YQsFBvby7dU-00066-00019190-00019490 could save you 15 percent then they click on the website YQsFBvby7dU-00067-00019490-00019750 and Google they go to their website they sign up to have YQsFBvby7dU-00068-00019750-00019850 an agent call them. YQsFBvby7dU-00069-00019850-00019940 So on and so forth. YQsFBvby7dU-00070-00019940-00020040 That's a funnel. YQsFBvby7dU-00071-00020070-00020410 Okay, so your funnels can be tiny they can be massive. YQsFBvby7dU-00072-00020420-00020570 They can be one day long. YQsFBvby7dU-00073-00020570-00020960 They can be 12 months long, but either way you need to think YQsFBvby7dU-00074-00020960-00021280 about Marketing funnel and its structure in order to have YQsFBvby7dU-00075-00021290-00021500 a chance at having effective marketing. YQsFBvby7dU-00076-00021530-00021800 So make sure whatever you're doing and realize that everything YQsFBvby7dU-00077-00021800-00022170 in marketing is a funnel or it should be otherwise it's lost YQsFBvby7dU-00078-00022200-00022570 and it's like shooting darts in the dark you have no idea YQsFBvby7dU-00079-00022570-00022900 if this piece of creative is going to do well or not because YQsFBvby7dU-00080-00022900-00023070 it has no structure has no strategy. YQsFBvby7dU-00081-00023100-00023460 So make sure your marketing funnels start at the top with YQsFBvby7dU-00082-00023460-00023790 brand. It's the most important thing it will feed the rest YQsFBvby7dU-00083-00023790-00024100 of your funnel once you have your Brand established at the YQsFBvby7dU-00084-00024100-00024450 top. You want to make sure that the brand awareness is leading YQsFBvby7dU-00085-00024450-00024860 them down to investigate, when they have the need or if you're YQsFBvby7dU-00086-00024860-00025260 creating a need and so next you want that brand to get them YQsFBvby7dU-00087-00025260-00025380 to go and investigate. YQsFBvby7dU-00088-00025380-00025540 They're going to go Google search. YQsFBvby7dU-00089-00025540-00025650 They're going to go ask their friends. YQsFBvby7dU-00090-00025650-00025900 They're going to go to their local grocery store and see YQsFBvby7dU-00091-00025900-00026000 if you're available there. YQsFBvby7dU-00092-00026000-00026260 They're going to go online and look for ratings and reviews YQsFBvby7dU-00093-00026260-00026589 are going to go on Amazon to see how many ratings and reviews YQsFBvby7dU-00094-00026589-00026650 that you have. YQsFBvby7dU-00095-00026650-00027139 Okay, then that mid-funnel the investigation you need to make sure YQsFBvby7dU-00096-00027139-00027380 there's attractive stuff there you need to make sure you YQsFBvby7dU-00097-00027380-00027670 have great reviews you need to make sure there's social proof YQsFBvby7dU-00098-00027670-00028070 and testimonials and case studies or social proof in the YQsFBvby7dU-00099-00028070-00028520 fact that everyone they know has this product and after the YQsFBvby7dU-00100-00028520-00028760 investigation if you've done a good enough job that will YQsFBvby7dU-00101-00028760-00029060 lead them to buying the product and then when they buy the YQsFBvby7dU-00102-00029060-00029450 product part of marketing is product and creating a great YQsFBvby7dU-00103-00029450-00029680 product and you want to make sure that you fulfill on your YQsFBvby7dU-00104-00029680-00029960 promise so that then they are repeat buyers. YQsFBvby7dU-00105-00029960-00030230 They come back for more or they recommend it to their friends. YQsFBvby7dU-00106-00030280-00030420 The concept is simple. YQsFBvby7dU-00107-00030460-00030860 The marketing funnel is simple, execution is tough, because YQsFBvby7dU-00108-00030860-00031080 we get distracted by the shiny things. YQsFBvby7dU-00109-00031080-00031230 Oh, I need to be on Clubhouse. YQsFBvby7dU-00110-00031239-00031430 I'm literally on Clubhouse right now. YQsFBvby7dU-00111-00031489-00031850 I have the volume down so I can record this Podcast, but YQsFBvby7dU-00112-00031850-00032120 it's a room that I want to engage with. YQsFBvby7dU-00113-00032130-00032230 I don't want to lose it. YQsFBvby7dU-00114-00032280-00032489 I want to make sure that I'm in here long enough in case YQsFBvby7dU-00115-00032489-00032770 there's any algorithm but benefits, but I'm literally on YQsFBvby7dU-00116-00032770-00032870 Clubhouse right now. YQsFBvby7dU-00117-00033050-00033460 While I'm recording this podcast, I have no idea where I YQsFBvby7dU-00118-00033460-00033550 was just going with that. YQsFBvby7dU-00119-00033550-00033990 Anyways, marketing funnel super important that you understand YQsFBvby7dU-00120-00033990-00034320 this concept and that everything you're doing actually I will YQsFBvby7dU-00121-00034320-00034590 use Clubhouse as an example. Clubhouse the hot new app. YQsFBvby7dU-00122-00034590-00034690 Listen my last episode. YQsFBvby7dU-00123-00034690-00035110 I talk all about Clubhouse. Clubhouse can be a marketing funnel. YQsFBvby7dU-00124-00035130-00035360 If you're a Founder, you're a thought leader. YQsFBvby7dU-00125-00035360-00035660 You're building your personal brand go on Clubhouse and engage YQsFBvby7dU-00126-00035660-00035930 with people get pulled up on stage and talk about topics YQsFBvby7dU-00127-00035930-00036480 you know, love and want to educate about and that's YQsFBvby7dU-00128-00036480-00036550 top of funnel. YQsFBvby7dU-00129-00036560-00036790 That's brand people will become aware of you. YQsFBvby7dU-00130-00036810-00036940 They will click your profile. YQsFBvby7dU-00131-00036960-00037060 They will look at your profile. YQsFBvby7dU-00132-00037060-00037310 If your profile looks attractive then they might click over YQsFBvby7dU-00133-00037310-00037610 to your Instagram if they like your Instagram and it looks YQsFBvby7dU-00134-00037610-00037720 like you're going to add value. YQsFBvby7dU-00135-00037730-00038030 Maybe they'll DM you and that DM now is bottom of funnel. YQsFBvby7dU-00136-00038050-00038470 So think of things like funnels and you will be an amazing YQsFBvby7dU-00137-00038490-00038870 marketer. I guarantee it if you can grasp the basics of a YQsFBvby7dU-00138-00038870-00039290 funnel which is, do something to get the person who sees that YQsFBvby7dU-00139-00039290-00039630 thing to do the next thing and then the next thing and then YQsFBvby7dU-00140-00039630-00039980 the next thing in realized that the levels will progress YQsFBvby7dU-00141-00039980-00040150 them through the funnel. YQsFBvby7dU-00142-00040180-00040340 I use this with my team all the time. YQsFBvby7dU-00143-00040340-00040770 The easiest example that I can give is an email you would YQsFBvby7dU-00144-00040770-00041090 never open an email with a terrible subject line. YQsFBvby7dU-00145-00041130-00041370 If it has a good subject line, you're going to click to open YQsFBvby7dU-00146-00041370-00041710 it and you would probably not continue reading an email that YQsFBvby7dU-00147-00041710-00041970 had an offensive or terrible first paragraph. YQsFBvby7dU-00148-00041980-00042190 Or something that you totally just weren't interested in YQsFBvby7dU-00149-00042190-00042570 you wouldn't continue reading but if has attractive first YQsFBvby7dU-00150-00042570-00042900 paragraph you're going to keep reading or if it has an attractive YQsFBvby7dU-00151-00042900-00043330 first image, you're going to keep scrolling and then if the YQsFBvby7dU-00152-00043330-00043580 rest of it looks like crap you're going to delete it. YQsFBvby7dU-00153-00043580-00043860 But if it looks great and at the end it says hey, do you YQsFBvby7dU-00154-00043860-00043960 want 50% off? YQsFBvby7dU-00155-00043960-00044230 Hey, do you want to read this blog post and it's attractive YQsFBvby7dU-00156-00044230-00044480 enough. You're going to click on that link and you're going YQsFBvby7dU-00157-00044480-00044820 to go through so that is the best example that I use as a YQsFBvby7dU-00158-00044820-00044880 marketing funnel. YQsFBvby7dU-00159-00044880-00045090 So think of things like marketing funnels. YQsFBvby7dU-00160-00045090-00045230 You'll be a great marketer. YQsFBvby7dU-00161-00045260-00045520 If you found this episode valuable, please make sure you YQsFBvby7dU-00162-00045520-00045930 smash the like button also hit subscribe or follow wherever YQsFBvby7dU-00163-00045930-00046270 you're watching this if you're on LinkedIn hit a follow or YQsFBvby7dU-00164-00046270-00046450 connect with me love to connect with people over there if YQsFBvby7dU-00165-00046450-00046650 you're watching this on YouTube, make sure you subscribe. YQsFBvby7dU-00166-00046680-00046980 So you don't miss any of this glorious marketing talk. YQsFBvby7dU-00167-00047070-00047120 Alright everyone. YQsFBvby7dU-00168-00047120-00047180 Have a great day. YTzKX9Ht_EI-00000-00000000-00000200 Hi everyone YTzKX9Ht_EI-00001-00000200-00000400 Crude oil 1 minute chart YTzKX9Ht_EI-00002-00000400-00001570 Current Sell trend Situation Going so Red color YTzKX9Ht_EI-00003-00001570-00002414 After 2 pm Trend changed YTzKX9Ht_EI-00004-00002414-00004448 Buy Trend Begin so Green color candle opens YTzKX9Ht_EI-00005-00004448-00007161 15 Point 1st Target YTzKX9Ht_EI-00006-00007161-00008373 6000 range breakout YTzKX9Ht_EI-00007-00008373-00010299 in 8 Minute target reached YTzKX9Ht_EI-00008-00010299-00012722 WhatsApp - 9488462166 for Subscription details YWp_q1WUL90-00000-00000000-00000852 deals guys. DFI deli's reached a million subscribers, now this is something new. YWp_q1WUL90-00001-00000936-00001680 it's something I have not seen before, and it is more channels removed from the list. YWp_q1WUL90-00002-00002136-00002196 wow. YWp_q1WUL90-00003-00002550-00002652 exactly. yeah. YWp_q1WUL90-00004-00002880-00003276 you know Abdul Abdul Raymond. can you go with miss me. YdCxqJvOx6u-00000-00000112-00000944 This video is about how to write results that we've generated in R back to the database. YdCxqJvOx6u-00001-00001176-00001752 So, so far we've been reading data from the database, but it can also be useful to be able YdCxqJvOx6u-00002-00001752-00002552 to put data back into the database from R. And we can do this using the 'copy_to()' function. YdCxqJvOx6u-00003-00002680-00003376 And so let's say we wanted to store the result of our analysis YdCxqJvOx6u-00004-00003376-00004168 from last time this 'species_counts' data frame in R, back in the database as a permanent table. YdCxqJvOx6u-00005-00004256-00005272 Let's first look at the tables in our database, just to make sure that this table isn't there. YdCxqJvOx6u-00006-00005328-00005600 And so we're going to list the tables in the 'portaldb' YdCxqJvOx6u-00007-00005656-00006160 connection. We can see that it's just the plots, species, and surveys table. YdCxqJvOx6u-00008-00006304-00007231 To store a copy of our 'species_counts' data frame in the database we use the 'copy_to()' function. YdCxqJvOx6u-00009-00007440-00008288 And the 'copy_to()' function takes a connection as the first argument, the table that we want to YdCxqJvOx6u-00010-00008288-00008864 copy into the database as the second argument so that's 'species_counts', YdCxqJvOx6u-00011-00009304-00009824 and then if we want to have that data stored permanently in the database we need to set YdCxqJvOx6u-00012-00009824-00010552 the optional argument 'temporary = FALSE' otherwise it would just get stored temporarily. YdCxqJvOx6u-00013-00010888-00011672 And if we do that and then re-run 'dbListTables' for 'portaldb' YdCxqJvOx6u-00014-00011920-00012800 we'll see that now we have our 'species_counts' table here as well. We get a couple of other YdCxqJvOx6u-00015-00012800-00013416 little helper tables that we don't need to worry about, but our 'species_counts' table YdCxqJvOx6u-00016-00013416-00014032 has now been stored permanently in the database so that we can come back and use it again later. YdCxqJvOx6u-00017-00014104-00014896 So that's how we move data from data frames in R into the database itself. YdCxqJvOx6u-00018-00014968-00015456 We use the 'copy_to()' function, which takes the connection to the database YdCxqJvOx6u-00019-00015456-00016032 as an argument followed by the table that we want to copy to the database, YdCxqJvOx6u-00020-00016032-00016664 and then if we want that copying to be permanent we set 'temporary = FALSE'. YdCS_bGrFuY-00000-00000000-00000200 Chips YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00000-00000122-00000866 Help patients who have parkinson's freezing phenomenon (April 11th World Parkinson's Day) YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00001-00000976-00001962 1% of people over 65 years old have Parkinson's (40s and 50s also are no exception) YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00002-00009668-00010246 You are precious YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00003-00010246-00010652 Hold my hand YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00004-00010652-00010926 Love YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00005-00010926-00011112 Pleasure YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00006-00011112-00011302 Courage YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00007-00011302-00011500 Hope YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00008-00011590-00011972 Let's make it YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00009-00012036-00012424 Together YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00010-00012496-00012704 Radio YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00011-00012704-00012874 Parkinson YgJD9ygZ_dQ-00012-00012938-00013591 Spport Group 01Qd5PfSAe4-00000-00000076-00000424 Donna Maglott: So I'm hoping I can speak. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00001-00000424-00000693 This is a result of visiting grandchildren over Thanksgiving. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00002-00000693-00000793 [laughter] 01Qd5PfSAe4-00003-00000793-00001584 [coughs] So, what I'm wanting to go over with you today is the ClinVar resources that we're 01Qd5PfSAe4-00004-00001584-00002192 developing in NCBI, and introduce you to it in several different ways. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00005-00002192-00002809 We've had several planning meetings to discuss what kind of resource that we should build 01Qd5PfSAe4-00006-00002809-00003586 to facilitate open access to information about medically important variation and to have 01Qd5PfSAe4-00007-00003586-00004817 that resource be able to support tours to integrate into testing and other methods to 01Qd5PfSAe4-00008-00004817-00004957 interpret variation. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00009-00004957-00005248 Okay, this is going to work well. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00010-00005248-00005879 So another way of looking at ClinVar is its infrastructure as far as the database is concerned. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00011-00005879-00006522 So we are treating this as an archive of information that is submitted about the relationship between 01Qd5PfSAe4-00012-00006522-00006691 genotype and phenotype. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00013-00006691-00006879 We are not doing the interpretation. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00014-00006879-00007102 We are representing what is submitted to us. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00015-00007102-00007881 And because of all of those submitted records, we can provide an interface to facilitate 01Qd5PfSAe4-00016-00007881-00008571 comparison of information from different sources, provide information about how much a particular 01Qd5PfSAe4-00017-00008571-00009344 report of clinical significance has been reviewed by different individuals, by expert panels 01Qd5PfSAe4-00018-00009344-00009732 or has just come in from one source. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00019-00009732-00010264 And in so doing, this builds on the foundation of the standard databases that we've already 01Qd5PfSAe4-00020-00010264-00010364 discussed. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00021-00010364-00010810 The information that comes from the analysis of sequences, so that brings in information 01Qd5PfSAe4-00022-00010810-00011584 from gene standard reference sequences, the variation databases and more. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00023-00011584-00012212 And again, as I was trying to indicate previously, it will provide a data service to be used 01Qd5PfSAe4-00024-00012212-00012450 by all. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00025-00012450-00013072 Another way of looking at ClinVar is indeed a record keeping method to keep track of when 01Qd5PfSAe4-00026-00013072-00013561 something was submitted and whether it's been updated so that the archive is present and 01Qd5PfSAe4-00027-00013561-00013979 you can go back and look at versioned information. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00028-00013979-00014573 And so it keeps track of individual submissions and also allows aggregation of information 01Qd5PfSAe4-00029-00014573-00015176 from individual submissions if they are all representing as much as we can compute information 01Qd5PfSAe4-00030-00015176-00015606 about the same combination of phenotype and genotype. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00031-00015606-00016261 And to make this a little bit more explicit, the idea would be that we would -- different 01Qd5PfSAe4-00032-00016261-00017179 submitters might submit information -- excuse me -- that information might be slightly different 01Qd5PfSAe4-00033-00017179-00017792 as to the clinical interpretation and so we would calculate the fact originally that there 01Qd5PfSAe4-00034-00017792-00017892 might be a conflict. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00035-00017892-00018506 But then if an expert group came in and reanalyzed this and came up with a current representation 01Qd5PfSAe4-00036-00018506-00018998 of what the clinical significance of a particular variant would be relative to a disorder that 01Qd5PfSAe4-00037-00018998-00019124 would also be made available. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00038-00019124-00019768 And the history of all of this evolution of understanding would be able to be tracked 01Qd5PfSAe4-00039-00019768-00020122 through the history of all of these successions. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00040-00020122-00020645 So let me just briefly go over the data elements that we're going to be capturing in ClinVar. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00041-00020645-00020910 Of course a key element is the phenotype. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00042-00020910-00021443 And that phenotype may be of multiple classes, it may just be the diagnostic name but it 01Qd5PfSAe4-00043-00021443-00021885 may be the clinical features that go with a particular diagnosis depending upon what 01Qd5PfSAe4-00044-00021885-00022543 was tested and what was reported in a particular submission. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00045-00022543-00023159 And the relationships among those phenotypes can also be provided in the record. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00046-00023159-00023851 We're basing this right now on using the information system that the National Library of Medicine 01Qd5PfSAe4-00047-00023851-00024398 creates to integrate information from multiple vocabulary sets, UMLS. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00048-00024398-00024995 And so that group, in case you are not familiar with that, keeps track of multiple terminology 01Qd5PfSAe4-00049-00024995-00025230 sets, their definitions, their local identifiers. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00050-00025230-00025808 But it also assigns a unique concept identifier when it is thought that these different groups 01Qd5PfSAe4-00051-00025808-00026045 are all referring to the same concept. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00052-00026045-00026776 As bode the information that we're maintaining about the phenotype, if we get submissions 01Qd5PfSAe4-00053-00026776-00027539 that do not match in a way that we can calculate that is consistent with a concept idea in 01Qd5PfSAe4-00054-00027539-00028123 UMLS, then we will add those vocabularies to our system, and if UMLS does not incorporate 01Qd5PfSAe4-00055-00028123-00028610 commonly-used ontologies, such as the human phenotype ontology, then we're also bringing 01Qd5PfSAe4-00056-00028610-00029064 that into our system. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00057-00029064-00029747 And although I'm representing this as a report of what ClinVar does, ClinVar is integratedly 01Qd5PfSAe4-00058-00029747-00030294 constructed with the genetic testing registry that is also under development at NCBI, and 01Qd5PfSAe4-00059-00030294-00030892 so these data that I'm talking about for phenotype are also going to be part of the public record 01Qd5PfSAe4-00060-00030892-00031172 from the genetic testing registry. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00061-00031172-00031616 Another data element is obviously information about the variation. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00062-00031616-00032138 So we will accept it however it is supplied to us and then calculate as best as possible 01Qd5PfSAe4-00063-00032138-00032639 how that corresponds to standard reference sequences whether those be the chromosome 01Qd5PfSAe4-00064-00032639-00033156 coordinates, the RefSeq gene coordinates, the LRG coordinates, so that we can allow 01Qd5PfSAe4-00065-00033156-00033633 a translation among all the different current and/or historical terminologies that may have 01Qd5PfSAe4-00066-00033633-00033891 been used to describe a particular variant. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00067-00033891-00034308 If there are other database identifiers that go with that variant, those are also incorporated 01Qd5PfSAe4-00068-00034308-00034408 into the record. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00069-00034408-00034903 But, if we get a submission for a variation or a set of variants that is not currently 01Qd5PfSAe4-00070-00034903-00035490 in the public databases then we transmit those to dbSNP and dbVar so that they can be accessioned 01Qd5PfSAe4-00071-00035490-00036041 and can be made part of those databases as well. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00072-00036041-00036430 Obviously a key aspect of being able to make ClinVar a useful resource is to keep track 01Qd5PfSAe4-00073-00036430-00037229 of the evidence that underlies a particular interpretation of the clinical significance. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00074-00037229-00038014 So we have worked with our collaborators to identify the key elements that we need to 01Qd5PfSAe4-00075-00038014-00038590 capture with respect to the study, what was sampled in the particular study and all the 01Qd5PfSAe4-00076-00038590-00039129 different types of observations that may be critical for later interpretation. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00077-00039129-00039597 And so I've not enumerated all of these here, it's an ongoing process. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00078-00039597-00040128 But the idea is that one of the major functions of ClinVar is not only to be able to accession 01Qd5PfSAe4-00079-00040128-00040775 a particular assertion but have all the evidence available as well so that can be freely accessed 01Qd5PfSAe4-00080-00040775-00041440 by others and be a resource for re-computation and re-evaluation of the significance of a 01Qd5PfSAe4-00081-00041440-00041610 particular variant. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00082-00041610-00042363 So in representing the interpretation, we will recognize that there needs to be a data 01Qd5PfSAe4-00083-00042363-00042998 model for the mode of inheritance and we'll -- [coughs] excuse me -- so that would be 01Qd5PfSAe4-00084-00042998-00043587 part of the record as well as information about whether there might be some concern 01Qd5PfSAe4-00085-00043587-00044146 about whether the variant is actually a variant or not, so whether these are regions of the 01Qd5PfSAe4-00086-00044146-00044665 genome in which there might be paralogs or other things that are contributing to a signal 01Qd5PfSAe4-00087-00044665-00045190 from us and a ray-based method of a assaying variation. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00088-00045190-00045850 And as I alluded to previously, the clinical significance will be reported with different 01Qd5PfSAe4-00089-00045850-00046356 levels of confidence so that it will be readily apparent how much we trust any particular 01Qd5PfSAe4-00090-00046356-00046456 assertion. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00091-00046456-00046881 And these will be dated as well so that if nothing has been look at for a while, that 01Qd5PfSAe4-00092-00046881-00047162 will also be readily apparent. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00093-00047162-00047575 There will be the usual elements that keep track of who submitted things, when they submitted 01Qd5PfSAe4-00094-00047575-00048111 it and when it was last touched, and all of these will be part of the database. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00095-00048111-00048749 So, ClinVar as a resource has been discussed internally in NCBI for a while. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00096-00048749-00049418 It is based on a lot of information that comes from the resources that are at NCBI. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00097-00049418-00050020 So certainly a key aspect to being able to report on variation is to have a good standard 01Qd5PfSAe4-00098-00050020-00050415 for knowing where the exomes are, where the splice junctions are. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00099-00050415-00051122 So that sort of started when we worked on the CCDS collaboration -- [coughs] excuse 01Qd5PfSAe4-00100-00051122-00051964 me -- that evolved into a generating standard genomic sequences which we termed RefSeq gene, 01Qd5PfSAe4-00101-00051964-00052257 which is now part of the LRG collaboration. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00102-00052257-00052858 And so the idea here is to be able to provide all the information that might be necessary 01Qd5PfSAe4-00103-00052858-00053596 to support a standard way of reporting variation against sequence that is independent of reassemblies 01Qd5PfSAe4-00104-00053596-00053802 of the genome 01Qd5PfSAe4-00105-00053802-00054576 Another thing that I'm putting on the timeline is that we started in 2008 to be able to accept 01Qd5PfSAe4-00106-00054576-00055311 submissions for information about variation and HGVS expressions, those were tools that 01Qd5PfSAe4-00107-00055311-00055783 we would take either a single submission or a batch submission into db-SNP that correlated 01Qd5PfSAe4-00108-00055783-00056650 that HVS expression with a publication, a phenotype and an optional interpretation of 01Qd5PfSAe4-00109-00056650-00056991 that phenotype relative to the variation. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00110-00056991-00057669 We've recently been ramping up a lot of efforts and working with different testing groups 01Qd5PfSAe4-00111-00057669-00058064 to be able to capture information from those groups. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00112-00058064-00058583 And so we've tried to build an information structures to capture information about rare 01Qd5PfSAe4-00113-00058583-00058975 variation that is thought to have clinical significance. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00114-00058975-00059540 Because of our work with supporting as the local host for gene reviews and gene tests, 01Qd5PfSAe4-00115-00059540-00059944 we've also been mapping some of the tested variants to the genome, in case those were 01Qd5PfSAe4-00116-00059944-00060464 not already so mapped, taking into account some of the historical ways that the variants 01Qd5PfSAe4-00117-00060464-00060891 have been referred to. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00118-00060891-00061402 And this again is a key aspect of our work on building the genetic testing registry so 01Qd5PfSAe4-00119-00061402-00061939 we know which variants are subject to genetic testing explicitly. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00120-00061939-00062451 Obviously a key motivation for accelerating the work on ClinVar is the understanding that 01Qd5PfSAe4-00121-00062451-00063049 there is the ability to capture data about human variation is rapidly increasing and 01Qd5PfSAe4-00122-00063049-00063791 so having a tool to facilitate interpretation of variation in bulk is even more important 01Qd5PfSAe4-00123-00063791-00064007 than it was previously. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00124-00064007-00064161 So what's the current status of ClinVar? 01Qd5PfSAe4-00125-00064161-00064652 Well, as you can see we don't have a tremendous number of records we have processed and so 01Qd5PfSAe4-00126-00064652-00065295 we're looking forward to having more groups submit the variations that they've identified. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00127-00065295-00065488 We do exist as a website. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00128-00065488-00065909 In the boxed region I'm pointing out, in case you actually have ever noticed this website, 01Qd5PfSAe4-00129-00065909-00066618 is we recently added more documents from the community discussions that we've been having 01Qd5PfSAe4-00130-00066618-00067101 with genetic testing groups about some of the discussions of what is necessary and what 01Qd5PfSAe4-00131-00067101-00067421 is desirable for ClinVar. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00132-00067421-00068243 So, we do have an email set up so what we're hoping is that a result of these discussions, 01Qd5PfSAe4-00133-00068243-00068869 we can engage you in contributing to the direction that we should be going in, the emphases that 01Qd5PfSAe4-00134-00068869-00069287 we should be having. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00135-00069287-00069666 ClinVar is currently in a very silent production mode. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00136-00069666-00070336 As you may know, dbSNP has put together a tool called Variation Viewer which brings 01Qd5PfSAe4-00137-00070336-00070936 in information, allows you to filter out only those variants that were submitted from local 01Qd5PfSAe4-00138-00070936-00071514 specific databases or through our computational analyses of the allelic variants in OMIM. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00139-00071514-00072097 And so the interpretations that are there are actually the reports that we have from 01Qd5PfSAe4-00140-00072097-00072491 the ClinVar infrastructure. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00141-00072491-00073219 We also have recently launched a tool to facilitate automated analysis of variation relative to 01Qd5PfSAe4-00142-00073219-00073783 the genome and we'll take as input HGVS expressions or locations on the genome and it's very similar 01Qd5PfSAe4-00143-00073783-00074026 to what I think Paul was talking about. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00144-00074026-00074755 It gives back information if you're representing a variant or just a location on the genome. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00145-00074755-00075409 Whether that variant is known to our variation databases, what the minor allele frequencies 01Qd5PfSAe4-00146-00075409-00075836 are, whether there's clinical information known about that and there's a function as 01Qd5PfSAe4-00147-00075836-00076535 well to -- oh, excuse me -- to download the full report which also gives you the translation 01Qd5PfSAe4-00148-00076535-00077104 of what you're submitting to HGVS expressions and genomic seq DNA and protein coordinate 01Qd5PfSAe4-00149-00077104-00077204 systems. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00150-00077204-00077973 What's coming soon is, we hope, more interaction among multiple groups so that we can provide 01Qd5PfSAe4-00151-00077973-00078814 information about variations that have been called from different data sources and that 01Qd5PfSAe4-00152-00078814-00079657 we can also make these data available by FTP or by APIs. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00153-00079657-00080298 We have been trying to mock up what a full report might look like, corresponding to the 01Qd5PfSAe4-00154-00080298-00080839 types of data that I enumerated that we would be capturing so that there would be a quick 01Qd5PfSAe4-00155-00080839-00081571 overview section with links to more information that might be related to the disorder and/or 01Qd5PfSAe4-00156-00081571-00081825 the variants that we're talking about. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00157-00081825-00082345 There would be a list of all the different ways that we know a variant might have been 01Qd5PfSAe4-00158-00082345-00082929 expressed historically and/or in different sequence coordinate systems. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00159-00082929-00084154 So in this example, referring to the variant in a RefSeq gene, LRG, OMIM terminology, dbSNP 01Qd5PfSAe4-00160-00084154-00084427 and other historical representations. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00161-00084427-00085118 It was very interesting going through this example because I was using the, as you probably 01Qd5PfSAe4-00162-00085118-00085802 noticed, the susceptibility, the risk factor for age-related macular degeneration. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00163-00085802-00086979 And I discovered when I did this that the RefSeq gene and the LRG that were created 01Qd5PfSAe4-00164-00086979-00087659 for complement factoring each, actually, the C-allele rather than the non-risk allele, 01Qd5PfSAe4-00165-00087659-00087871 so that was interesting. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00166-00087871-00088333 Then there's information about morpheotypic [spelled phonetically] data as a way to navigate 01Qd5PfSAe4-00167-00088333-00088822 to more detailed information and displays for displaying the variant on the genome and 01Qd5PfSAe4-00168-00088822-00089499 in the genomic context on full enumeration of all the observations that may have been 01Qd5PfSAe4-00169-00089499-00090002 generated, including the count self-cases and controls or whatever information may have 01Qd5PfSAe4-00170-00090002-00090102 been submitted. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00171-00090102-00090333 I should make a point that this is a mock-up. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00172-00090333-00090904 We do not have this level of detail yet in what we've been managing. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00173-00090904-00091351 And because of our integration with Genetic Testing Registry, there may be information 01Qd5PfSAe4-00174-00091351-00091945 that we can also support about whether a test is available and if there is a decision to 01Qd5PfSAe4-00175-00091945-00092451 be rendered about the clinical utility of acting on a particular, this variant if it's 01Qd5PfSAe4-00176-00092451-00092551 been observed. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00177-00092551-00092877 So, I just want to close with say that I'm just talking about this information that comes 01Qd5PfSAe4-00178-00092877-00093343 from many, many groups because a lot of work has gone in from all the different groups 01Qd5PfSAe4-00179-00093343-00093531 generating the variation data. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00180-00093531-00094042 And stop squawking now. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00181-00094042-00094168 Thank you. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00182-00094168-00094268 [applause] 01Qd5PfSAe4-00183-00094268-00094483 Female Speaker: Thanks, Donna. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00184-00094483-00094989 So, we have about eight minutes for questions. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00185-00094989-00095433 Let's open it up to the room. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00186-00095433-00095735 Brad Ozenberger Yeah, Brad Ozenberger from NHGRI. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00187-00095735-00096211 On your evidences slide, there was a bullet that said, "Review by expert panel." 01Qd5PfSAe4-00188-00096211-00096744 Could you clarify the level of active curation that will go on? 01Qd5PfSAe4-00189-00096744-00097189 Donna Maglott: So, I was trying to represent that we consider 01Qd5PfSAe4-00190-00097189-00097729 ClinVar as a substrate for panels to pull the data and then review them and then resubmit 01Qd5PfSAe4-00191-00097729-00098277 information that would say the results of their conclusions and we would point to the 01Qd5PfSAe4-00192-00098277-00098799 whatever citations or whatever document came out of that review process. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00193-00098799-00099298 So I'm not saying that the ClinVar staff is reviewing all of the submissions; we are just 01Qd5PfSAe4-00194-00099298-00100138 providing an infrastructure to show all the evidence and support any -- just support the 01Qd5PfSAe4-00195-00100138-00100504 representation of whatever conclusions may come from expert panels. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00196-00100504-00100604 That answer your question? 01Qd5PfSAe4-00197-00100604-00100704 Thank you. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00198-00100704-00100804 Female Speaker: Chris. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00199-00100804-00100904 Chris O'Donnell: Chris O'Donnell, NHLBI. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00200-00100904-00101174 This is a really important resource and just as we heard earlier about the differences 01Qd5PfSAe4-00201-00101174-00101940 between rs numbers and other ways of characterizing SNPs, there's also no agreement on how to 01Qd5PfSAe4-00202-00101940-00102464 characterize phenotypes and clinical, you know, diseases and traits. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00203-00102464-00103394 So, that's going to be terribly important in being able to use this in any meaningful 01Qd5PfSAe4-00204-00103394-00103494 way. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00205-00103494-00103996 I'm wondering what efforts are being made to have some consensus developed about what's 01Qd5PfSAe4-00206-00103996-00104847 going to be used as the phenotype ontology or -- and I think NCBI would be a great organization 01Qd5PfSAe4-00207-00104847-00105016 to help spearhead that effort. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00208-00105016-00105458 Donna Maglott: So, we've certainly had discussions with Office 01Qd5PfSAe4-00209-00105458-00105935 of Rare Disease Research and other groups at NIH to try to determine what would be an 01Qd5PfSAe4-00210-00105935-00106470 appropriate strategy to consolidate all the information that's coming from all groups 01Qd5PfSAe4-00211-00106470-00106729 at NIH about how we're going to represent phenotype. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00212-00106729-00107042 And we all agree it's an excellent idea. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00213-00107042-00107863 But, there is no one easy answer and so I think all we can do is continue to provide 01Qd5PfSAe4-00214-00107863-00108308 the evidence for why it was called that way and hope that that's going to work. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00215-00108308-00108841 We will be able to have a citable object as the concept to identify what we're talking 01Qd5PfSAe4-00216-00108841-00109228 about and maybe that will help. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00217-00109228-00110185 Male Speaker: So just think about potential solutions to 01Qd5PfSAe4-00218-00110185-00111272 that problem and solutions that have had false starts in the past, you have mentioned SET 01Qd5PfSAe4-00219-00111272-00111633 [spelled phonetically] as one of the historical sources for getting some of this data. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00220-00111633-00111842 And for those in the room who were involved in SET, they recall that there were lots of 01Qd5PfSAe4-00221-00111842-00112279 discussions about really trying to standardize the phenotype data that was submitted to a 01Qd5PfSAe4-00222-00112279-00112379 lab when a test was ordered with the idea that that could then go into these types of 01Qd5PfSAe4-00223-00112379-00112479 phenotype databases. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00224-00112479-00112919 Not clear to me to what extent that ever happened, but just thinking generally it would seem 01Qd5PfSAe4-00225-00112919-00113211 that both the labs doing the tests to the extent that they need to get this data anyway 01Qd5PfSAe4-00226-00113211-00113474 may be a source of phenotype data. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00227-00113474-00114154 And building on what was discussed in the last section, if or when EHRs evolve to the 01Qd5PfSAe4-00228-00114154-00114379 point that they are actually phenotype databases, again blurring the line between clinical and 01Qd5PfSAe4-00229-00114379-00114741 research, but that seems like an obvious place to go to get phenotype data as well. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00230-00114741-00115438 And if we're thinking about how we build the future, I would think that both the labs and 01Qd5PfSAe4-00231-00115438-00116941 the EHRs are excellent places to look for this information. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00232-00116941-00117107 Donna Maglott: Yes. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00233-00117107-00117716 Male Speaker: Well, there's explicitly listed off here, 01Qd5PfSAe4-00234-00117716-00118651 the reason for using the UMLS is because it includes things like someone's CT. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00235-00118651-00118832 And one page that we got -- [inaudible] microphone. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00236-00118832-00118932 Female Speaker: [inaudible] 01Qd5PfSAe4-00237-00118932-00119032 Male Speaker: Oh, sorry. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00238-00119032-00119132 We did get a -- 01Qd5PfSAe4-00239-00119132-00119232 Donna Maglott: Come right up, Jim. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00240-00119232-00119332 Female Speaker: He can use mine, here. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00241-00119332-00119432 Male Speaker: So, it was explicitly listed there and it 01Qd5PfSAe4-00242-00119432-00119601 was quite a bit hard to hear Donna say it, but we're using UMLS on purpose because it 01Qd5PfSAe4-00243-00119601-00120082 does have standard medical vocabularies in it, such as they are. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00244-00120082-00120827 One of which being SNOMED CT which is a standard for HL7 EMRs. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00245-00120827-00121682 We also got agreement from the SNOMED group that for what they call the genetic subset 01Qd5PfSAe4-00246-00121682-00122339 we could redistribute those names and identifiers without a license fee because a lot of the 01Qd5PfSAe4-00247-00122339-00123027 smaller laboratories doing genetic testing may not be able to purchase a license. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00248-00123027-00123710 And so we are aware of that and we're attempting to sort of open up as much as possible the 01Qd5PfSAe4-00249-00123710-00124354 standard vocabularies and make them accessible and then let them come from multiple sources. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00250-00124354-00125123 Female Speaker: Donna, I have one last question. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00251-00125123-00125690 So on your evidence slide, there was a relatively long laundry list of things that we'd like 01Qd5PfSAe4-00252-00125690-00126088 to see provided with the submission. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00253-00126088-00126708 And we heard from Elaine that clinical labs are willing and interested in participating 01Qd5PfSAe4-00254-00126708-00126884 but resources are scarce. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00255-00126884-00127473 I'm just curious about the process for the labs collating this information and uploading 01Qd5PfSAe4-00256-00127473-00127847 it, how, you know, has that been relatively straightforward for them? 01Qd5PfSAe4-00257-00127847-00128213 Have you worked out some sort of submission form that they're in agreement with? 01Qd5PfSAe4-00258-00128213-00128525 Donna Maglott: So, we have developed two submission forms. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00259-00128525-00129523 One is a spreadsheet form and one is a, for the wonks of us, the XML submission form. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00260-00129523-00130171 And this has been developed more to make sure we have opportunities to capture the kinds 01Qd5PfSAe4-00261-00130171-00130439 of things that people might want to submit. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00262-00130439-00130876 But we have not tested this with groups yet to see how they would fill that out. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00263-00130876-00131484 So our sample submissions that we have gotten have been through the interfaces that we originally 01Qd5PfSAe4-00264-00131484-00132104 developed with dbSNP and worked out with as part of the LRG collaboration which was a 01Qd5PfSAe4-00265-00132104-00132721 simple spreadsheet of variant phenotype clinical assertion and publications. 01Qd5PfSAe4-00266-00132721-00133066 And somatic interim line of a very small number of qualifiers. 01SgYbuIjtI-00000-00000850-00001404 Welcome to the series "How to engage with cyber policy: tools for human rights defenders". 01SgYbuIjtI-00001-00001404-00001732 Over the course of the next 15 videos, we'll be exploring a range of 01SgYbuIjtI-00002-00001739-00002142 different cyber policy issues and discussing why they're important from a 01SgYbuIjtI-00003-00002142-00002550 human rights perspective. But first - why are we focusing on cyber policy? 01SgYbuIjtI-00004-00002642-00003290 Today the term cyber is used to cover a range of things related to policymaking in the digital age. 01SgYbuIjtI-00005-00003290-00003673 This series will explore some of the most topical issues, showing you why 01SgYbuIjtI-00006-00003674-00003926 they're relevant - and how you can get involved. 01SgYbuIjtI-00007-00003926-00004232 The four modules of the series will focus on: 01SgYbuIjtI-00008-00004232-00004364 cybersecurity; 01SgYbuIjtI-00009-00004364-00004512 human rights; 01SgYbuIjtI-00010-00004512-00004820 regulatory frameworks and policymaking processes; 01SgYbuIjtI-00011-00004820-00005014 cyber capacity building. 01SgYbuIjtI-00012-00005016-00005416 Three more videos will then look at these issues from a regional perspective - 01SgYbuIjtI-00013-00005416-00005940 focusing on Africa, Asia and Latin America. By the end, we hope you'll have: 01SgYbuIjtI-00014-00005940-00006382 a better understanding of cyber policy issues and why they're relevant to human rights; 01SgYbuIjtI-00015-00006382-00006800 a solid grasp of the different actors involved and processes at play; 01SgYbuIjtI-00016-00006800-00007384 and, most importantly, the tools and confidence you need to get involved in these debates 01SgYbuIjtI-00017-00007567-00007747 So how did we get here? 01SgYbuIjtI-00018-00007747-00008306 In the nineties, the early pioneers of the Internet often conceived it as a new world. 01SgYbuIjtI-00019-00008306-00008946 As John Perry Barlow's famous 'Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace' in 1996 put it: 01SgYbuIjtI-00020-00008947-00009411 "Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel. 01SgYbuIjtI-00021-00009411-00009784 I come from cyberspace the new home of Mind. 01SgYbuIjtI-00022-00009784-00010184 On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. 01SgYbuIjtI-00023-00010184-00010616 You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather. 01SgYbuIjtI-00024-00010626-00011046 In other words, this new world was supposed to be free from governmental influence. 01SgYbuIjtI-00025-00011058-00011556 And indeed, until recently the internet was something of a grey area for legislation - 01SgYbuIjtI-00026-00011556-00011974 and in some respects really seemed ungoverned. This is changing. 01SgYbuIjtI-00027-00011974-00012320 Part of the reason is the success of the information revolution. 01SgYbuIjtI-00028-00012325-00012792 It has rapidly digitised many aspects of human life - from infrastructure and 01SgYbuIjtI-00029-00012792-00013228 communications to development, economics, law, and culture, blurring the line 01SgYbuIjtI-00030-00013228-00013744 between online and offline life. Along with the many benefits gained, it has also 01SgYbuIjtI-00031-00013744-00014272 created real threats - like identity theft, financial fraud, attacks on critical 01SgYbuIjtI-00032-00014272-00014582 infrastructure and corporate data breaches. 01SgYbuIjtI-00033-00014582-00014910 As a result, states are pushing for new laws and regulation. 01SgYbuIjtI-00034-00014952-00015178 Cyberspace has become political. 01SgYbuIjtI-00035-00015178-00015472 Another reason is the general trend of securitisation in 01SgYbuIjtI-00036-00015475-00015827 public discourse, which became dominant after 9/11. 01SgYbuIjtI-00037-00015850-00016392 Securitisation is the process by which certain actors transform an issue into a security concern. 01SgYbuIjtI-00038-00016395-00016738 These can be governmental actors, individuals or companies. 01SgYbuIjtI-00039-00016738-00017151 Once this is done, the issue in question often attracts a disproportionate share 01SgYbuIjtI-00040-00017152-00017576 of attention - and can be used to justify extraordinary security measures - 01SgYbuIjtI-00041-00017576-00017974 for example, a state of emergency or an internet shutdown. 01SgYbuIjtI-00042-00017974-00018466 The securitised solution is often disproportionate to the original problem. And it can be used 01SgYbuIjtI-00043-00018466-00018766 to shutdown conversations about human rights. 01SgYbuIjtI-00044-00019023-00019409 For example, in many cyber policy debates a dichotomy is posed between 01SgYbuIjtI-00045-00019409-00019634 'cybersecurity and human rights'. 01SgYbuIjtI-00046-00019634-00019959 You can't have one without harming or even losing the other, 01SgYbuIjtI-00047-00019959-00020128 so this argument goes. 01SgYbuIjtI-00048-00020128-00020476 And if you object to these extraordinary measures - which often impact 01SgYbuIjtI-00049-00020476-00020676 fundamental freedoms and human rights - 01SgYbuIjtI-00050-00020677-00021081 you can be accused of not caring about security or even aiding criminals. 01SgYbuIjtI-00051-00021118-00021334 Let's take a look at two examples. 01SgYbuIjtI-00052-00021334-00021546 In Uganda, during the general election in 01SgYbuIjtI-00053-00021547-00022060 February 2016, the government ordered local mobile service providers to block 01SgYbuIjtI-00054-00022060-00022424 social media platforms such as Twitter Facebook and WhatsApp. 01SgYbuIjtI-00055-00022424-00022828 Since most internet traffic in Uganda goes through mobile networks, 01SgYbuIjtI-00056-00022828-00023294 this was essentially an internet shutdown which affected the entire voting population. 01SgYbuIjtI-00057-00023294-00023526 The government's rationale was simple. 01SgYbuIjtI-00058-00023526-00023986 These platforms are "a threat to public order and safety". In other words, the 01SgYbuIjtI-00059-00023986-00024358 government was worried about demonstrations and potential violence. 01SgYbuIjtI-00060-00024358-00024790 But critically, as a related Open Letter highlighted - this kind of securitised 01SgYbuIjtI-00061-00024790-00025154 rationale leads to disproportionate and harmful responses: 01SgYbuIjtI-00062-00025154-00025768 "Justified for public safety purposes, shutdowns instead cut off access to vital information, 01SgYbuIjtI-00063-00025768-00026236 e-financing, and emergency services, plunging whole societies into fear and 01SgYbuIjtI-00064-00026236-00026644 destabilizing the internet's power to support small business livelihoods and 01SgYbuIjtI-00065-00026644-00026868 drive economic development." 01SgYbuIjtI-00066-00026868-00027411 In the UK, the Investigative Powers Bill offers a similar example. Introduced in 01SgYbuIjtI-00067-00027411-00027859 2015, and currently under discussion, it has been criticised for legalising 01SgYbuIjtI-00068-00027863-00028337 equipment interference, bulk interception, and other far-reaching surveillance measures. 01SgYbuIjtI-00069-00028338-00028654 These proposals would clearly undermine the right to privacy. 01SgYbuIjtI-00070-00028704-00029138 The UK government has tried to justify the bill on grounds of national security. 01SgYbuIjtI-00071-00029166-00029674 The risks of cybercrime and terrorism, they argue, justify any potential restrictions 01SgYbuIjtI-00072-00029676-00030252 on individual freedoms. But as pointed out by Privacy International, a vocal critic of the bill: 01SgYbuIjtI-00073-00030274-00030539 "The Government struggles to justify these powers. 01SgYbuIjtI-00074-00030560-00031000 If adopted as currently envisaged, the Bill would codify a practice of mass, 01SgYbuIjtI-00075-00031002-00031566 untargeted surveillance by the UK intelligence services that treat everyone as suspects. 01SgYbuIjtI-00076-00031566-00031962 These powers are not lawful, nor necessary or proportionate. 01SgYbuIjtI-00077-00031962-00032264 They also set a terrible international precedent." 01SgYbuIjtI-00078-00032264-00032790 These are not isolated examples. Similar instances are occurring all across the world - 01SgYbuIjtI-00079-00032790-00033222 and these trends are being replicated in regional and international debates. 01SgYbuIjtI-00080-00033472-00033926 This is why we call the dichotomy of cybersecurity and human rights into question. 01SgYbuIjtI-00081-00033926-00034150 Why does there have to be a trade-off? 01SgYbuIjtI-00082-00034150-00034540 In fact, security is the basis for human rights and vice versa. 01SgYbuIjtI-00083-00034540-00034760 One can't exist without the other. 01SgYbuIjtI-00084-00034760-00035176 A definition which aims to capture this frames cybersecurity as: 01SgYbuIjtI-00085-00035178-00035474 "...the preservation (through law, policy, technology, and 01SgYbuIjtI-00086-00035474-00035878 education) of the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of 01SgYbuIjtI-00087-00035878-00036271 information and its underlying infrastructure so as to enhance the 01SgYbuIjtI-00088-00036271-00036593 security of persons both online and offline." 01SgYbuIjtI-00089-00036593-00037072 This means that when viewed from a human rights-based, user-centric perspective, 01SgYbuIjtI-00090-00037072-00037414 cybersecurity isn't just about the security of systems. 01SgYbuIjtI-00091-00037414-00037958 It's about encryption, anonymity, access, infrastructure development, net neutrality, 01SgYbuIjtI-00092-00037958-00038449 digital literacy, cybercrime, market regulation, data ethics - and more. 01SgYbuIjtI-00093-00038449-00038846 It's crucial that we begin to discuss these issues with a view to preserving 01SgYbuIjtI-00094-00038846-00039104 human rights - not infringing them. 01SgYbuIjtI-00095-00039470-00039908 Everyone who uses the internet can be a human rights defender. Employees of 01SgYbuIjtI-00096-00039910-00040294 businesses, programmers, government officials - and, of course, civil society - 01SgYbuIjtI-00097-00040294-00040771 all have a role to play. As mentioned earlier, debates on cyber policies are 01SgYbuIjtI-00098-00040771-00041173 increasingly pitting human rights against security. The huge range of 01SgYbuIjtI-00099-00041173-00041536 governmental and corporate activities now being carried out under the banner 01SgYbuIjtI-00100-00041536-00041968 of "cyber policies" cover a lot more than just national security concerns - 01SgYbuIjtI-00101-00041968-00042478 and scrutinising and inputting into these debates from a human rights perspective is crucial. 01SgYbuIjtI-00102-00042478-00042850 But to get involved you first need to know the actors, institutions and 01SgYbuIjtI-00103-00042850-00043177 issues at stake - which can be easier said than done. 01SgYbuIjtI-00104-00043177-00043360 Cyber issues are complicated. 01SgYbuIjtI-00105-00043360-00043722 They involve a lot of technical language, and a lot of institutions. 01SgYbuIjtI-00106-00043722-00044260 Debates can seem closed and unwelcoming. Getting even the basic knowledge and resources needed 01SgYbuIjtI-00107-00044260-00044692 to engage is hard enough - getting a seat at the table is harder. 01SgYbuIjtI-00108-00045116-00045514 The aim of this series is to help you overcome these obstacles. 01SgYbuIjtI-00109-00045514-00045762 Cyber issues differ from country to country. 01SgYbuIjtI-00110-00045762-00046095 This series hopes to provide the starting point for civil society all 01SgYbuIjtI-00111-00046098-00046500 over the world to kick-start debates on cyber policies, and help rebalance 01SgYbuIjtI-00112-00046500-00046888 existing debates to reflect both human rights and security. 01SgYbuIjtI-00113-00046888-00047363 Engagement needs to be undertaken at the national, regional, and global levels with clear, defined 01SgYbuIjtI-00114-00047363-00047685 goals which are relevant to each constituency. 01SgYbuIjtI-00115-00047686-00048038 The series will help you navigate the maze of legal frameworks. 01SgYbuIjtI-00116-00048038-00048496 We'll demystify the different bodies, forums and networks where they are discussed. 01SgYbuIjtI-00117-00048496-00048874 And we'll familiarise you with the actors involved - from national governments 01SgYbuIjtI-00118-00048874-00049142 and bodies tasked with infrastructure protection, 01SgYbuIjtI-00119-00049142-00049471 to the bodies fighting cybercrime and providing intelligence. 01SgYbuIjtI-00120-00049472-00050130 This can be complicated - as this interactive map of cybersecurity institutions in India shows. 01SgYbuIjtI-00121-00050130-00050404 Each of the videos in the series will take you through: 01SgYbuIjtI-00122-00050404-00050574 a definition of the issue; 01SgYbuIjtI-00123-00050574-00050842 why it's important for human rights in the digital age; 01SgYbuIjtI-00124-00050842-00051168 the bodies, forums and legal frameworks that guide the topic; 01SgYbuIjtI-00125-00051168-00051382 case studies to illustrate the concepts; 01SgYbuIjtI-00126-00051382-00051604 and how to get involved. 01SgYbuIjtI-00127-00051604-00051954 Live online Q&A sessions will accompany each of the four modules, 01SgYbuIjtI-00128-00051954-00052328 giving you a chance to pose any burning questions to experts in the field. 01SgYbuIjtI-00129-00052328-00052760 You can also find further resources on each issue on the GPD website. 01SgYbuIjtI-00130-00052816-00052933 We hope you enjoy the series. 03VXwjy-6Qy-00000-00000144-00000520 hey guys welcome back to our third and final installment 03VXwjy-6Qy-00001-00000520-00001432 of our river run where we brought this 1999 carver 356 from seneca illinois down to grafton illinois 03VXwjy-6Qy-00002-00001488-00001960 on the illinois river and then up the mighty mississippi all the way to prairie du chien 03VXwjy-6Qy-00003-00002232-00002744 it's been a great trip so far with really our only problem is not being able to find stops to 03VXwjy-6Qy-00004-00002744-00003456 get fuel because we're so early in the season but the weather's been really really good but that's 03VXwjy-6Qy-00005-00003456-00003984 about to change you see we came down the river and got to grafton had a great time there on a 03VXwjy-6Qy-00006-00003984-00004560 saturday night but now we've got to go back up north up against the mississippi river current 03VXwjy-6Qy-00007-00004664-00004936 fuel is going to continue to be a problem we're going to 03VXwjy-6Qy-00008-00004936-00005248 have some issues with the engine and the transmission on the boat 03VXwjy-6Qy-00009-00005320-00005896 and we're actually going to have a big problem in quincy illinois that we'll get to in a bit 03VXwjy-6Qy-00010-00005992-00006648 so buckle in sit back enjoy the video and let's start our journey up the mississippi river 03VXwjy-6Qy-00011-00007023-00007448 so we got to do our makeshift bimini so i built this nice little 03VXwjy-6Qy-00012-00007448-00007808 i put the poles up made it temporary 03VXwjy-6Qy-00013-00008376-00009048 temporary frame using the strap and tape and then i'm going to heat shrink this thing this 03VXwjy-6Qy-00014-00009048-00009688 the white plastic from the winter storage on it because they're talking snow on tuesday 03VXwjy-6Qy-00015-00009688-00010304 who would have thought so there's my finished bimini top ad hoc 03VXwjy-6Qy-00016-00010432-00010952 the engineer nerding me took the plastic from the street wrap from winter storage 03VXwjy-6Qy-00017-00011232-00011528 because this boat didn't come with canvas so we are 03VXwjy-6Qy-00018-00011640-00012096 rigging it up until we can get it back home and get the bimini and the canvas completed 03VXwjy-6Qy-00019-00012192-00012840 so there it is that's going to keep us dry from the rain and in case we have snow back in iowa 03VXwjy-6Qy-00020-00013047-00014040 finished product uh one note that strapping tape does burn unlike the nylon that you use when you 03VXwjy-6Qy-00021-00014040-00014616 uh when you winterize them so gotta be careful of that so i'm like i'm done the sun will heat 03VXwjy-6Qy-00022-00014616-00015104 that up it'll shrink up even tighter than that but that'll keep us dry hopefully and 03VXwjy-6Qy-00023-00015104-00015760 keep me out of the sun as well because uh i'm pretty sunburnt so so i finished up the bimini 03VXwjy-6Qy-00024-00015832-00016319 and by sunday at noon we were on the water we had to go two miles up river 03VXwjy-6Qy-00025-00016319-00016896 to port st charles harbor to get gas and as you can see going up against that four knot current on 03VXwjy-6Qy-00026-00016896-00017480 the mississippi is quite different from going with the current down the illinois it was getting to be 03VXwjy-6Qy-00027-00017480-00018024 a lot rougher the weather was starting to turn and you can see the overspray hitting our windshields 03VXwjy-6Qy-00028-00018296-00018760 we had to go 60 miles that first day to our first stop of the night 03VXwjy-6Qy-00029-00018760-00019056 the two rivers marina in rockport illinois 03VXwjy-6Qy-00030-00019360-00019720 we didn't get in until late that night and the marina didn't open up 03VXwjy-6Qy-00031-00019720-00020232 for gas until noon the next day so we left without fueling up again another mistake 03VXwjy-6Qy-00032-00020296-00020952 that meant we had to get to hannibal to the city boat harbor for fuel the problem is the 03VXwjy-6Qy-00033-00020952-00021504 quimby's cruising guide showed that there's gas stocks and that they had fuel what we didn't know 03VXwjy-6Qy-00034-00021504-00022008 is that for the last two years the city has been rebuilding their docks and they did not have fuel 03VXwjy-6Qy-00035-00022120-00022648 we ended up finding a local that shuttled us in his truck to the local casey's convenience 03VXwjy-6Qy-00036-00022648-00023264 store and we got about 50 gallons of fuel just enough to get us to the next town of quincy 03VXwjy-6Qy-00037-00023416-00023872 it was only 18 miles for us to get to our overnight marina in quincy but the weather 03VXwjy-6Qy-00038-00023872-00024424 was getting worse the winds were kicking up and the cold was really starting to set in on top of 03VXwjy-6Qy-00039-00024424-00024952 that we were having starboard side transmission problems with overheating and had to shut it down 03VXwjy-6Qy-00040-00024952-00025672 to cool off so we came into lock and dam 21 in quincy running only on our starboard side engine 03VXwjy-6Qy-00041-00025760-00026239 unfortunately there was already a barge at the lock and dam and it was going to take two hours 03VXwjy-6Qy-00042-00026239-00026808 for the barge to get through i requested that we tied up to the wall of the lock but the wind was 03VXwjy-6Qy-00043-00026808-00027264 too strong and our anchor was not going to hold the wind blew what was blowing my bow 03VXwjy-6Qy-00044-00027264-00027768 around towards the shore and with no forward momentum the rudder was absolutely helpless 03VXwjy-6Qy-00045-00027848-00028304 so what happened is unfortunately the wind blew us into the shore i knew there was nothing 03VXwjy-6Qy-00046-00028304-00028727 i could do so i put everything in neutral and shut down the engines to avoid damage 03VXwjy-6Qy-00047-00028800-00029608 we were lucky that the shore was soft mud and we hit the shore and got stuck in the mud 03VXwjy-6Qy-00048-00029608-00030280 so after some colorful words i got on the radio and told the lock that i'd run aground they told 03VXwjy-6Qy-00049-00030280-00030744 me to stay right there it was probably the best place for me because of the weather 03VXwjy-6Qy-00050-00030744-00031183 and that they would get back to me so after about an hour and a half the barge was through 03VXwjy-6Qy-00051-00031280-00031783 and they told me that the quincy fire and rescue had been called to pull me out of the mud 03VXwjy-6Qy-00052-00032039-00032376 so as you can see from the picture they brought their boat out and 03VXwjy-6Qy-00053-00032376-00032944 yes they pulled us off the shore we uh hooked them up to their back of 03VXwjy-6Qy-00054-00032944-00033368 the boat and we pulled it out back first so we wouldn't damage any of the props or the rudders 03VXwjy-6Qy-00055-00033544-00034096 uh i asked them how much they told me no no fee this is what they do for a living 03VXwjy-6Qy-00056-00034096-00034536 which i was very thankful for and we were able to continue on our journey 03VXwjy-6Qy-00057-00034712-00035496 so it was only a half mile up to the art keller marina in quincy we were glad to be there 03VXwjy-6Qy-00058-00035496-00036360 it was definitely getting very dark cold windy and we were never happier to get back into the marina 03VXwjy-6Qy-00059-00036360-00037152 get tied up use the bathroom relax have dinner and have a beverage and wait for the next day 03VXwjy-6Qy-00060-00037368-00037632 all right we are in quincy illinois 03VXwjy-6Qy-00061-00037736-00038312 and i'm actually parked at the marina last night to get out of the uh snow actually 03VXwjy-6Qy-00062-00038432-00039200 uh crazy cold for the end of april but a little snow event so we tucked into quincy for the night 03VXwjy-6Qy-00063-00039384-00040088 turned into rain it's about 11 30 noon um we're gonna top off with fuel but we've ran out of gas 03VXwjy-6Qy-00064-00040088-00040624 filters and i don't feel comfortable moving forward so we've been swapping them out about 03VXwjy-6Qy-00065-00040624-00041288 every two days trying to work out the bad gas uh in the tanks we drained them as far as we could 03VXwjy-6Qy-00066-00041288-00041864 with a pump but uh we're still having some issues where it seems like swapping them out every two 03VXwjy-6Qy-00067-00041864-00042664 days seems to uh the engines seem to improve get it back home we may have to work on the injectors 03VXwjy-6Qy-00068-00042800-00043648 but note the self a scooter or a bicycle wouldn't take up much room on the boat and 03VXwjy-6Qy-00069-00043648-00043984 would be you know times like this where i gotta walk two miles to a marine store 03VXwjy-6Qy-00070-00044104-00044624 would be really awesome there's no uber in quincy and there's no taxi in quincy 03VXwjy-6Qy-00071-00044720-00045176 by the way i'm not shaving till we get the boat home so comment below 03VXwjy-6Qy-00072-00045432-00046504 two miles i'm probably uh half a mile or more to go but we're gonna probably try to buy six gas gas 03VXwjy-6Qy-00073-00046504-00047096 and fuel filters oil separator or water separators anyway i'll talk to you when you get there 03VXwjy-6Qy-00074-00047328-00047936 so tuesday was really cold but we made it to kia [ __ ] and officially entered the state of iowa 03VXwjy-6Qy-00075-00048000-00048384 with a few hours of light left we pushed on to burlington 03VXwjy-6Qy-00076-00048384-00049248 and came into bluff harbor marina at mile marker 404 so far we had traveled 185 miles in three days 03VXwjy-6Qy-00077-00049464-00049784 so wednesday morning was much nicer and the sun came out 03VXwjy-6Qy-00078-00049840-00050416 we gassed up and made it all the way to fairpoint marina and restaurant in muscatine iowa 03VXwjy-6Qy-00079-00050544-00051064 miles closer to home but once again was running short on fuel and coming in after dark 03VXwjy-6Qy-00080-00051808-00051984 okay 03VXwjy-6Qy-00081-00052528-00053024 as you can see my wife spent a lot of time on the phone calling ahead to marinas to making sure 03VXwjy-6Qy-00082-00053024-00053520 we could get gas by noon on thursday we had made it to the quad cities 03VXwjy-6Qy-00083-00053520-00053984 and the lindsay park yacht club we were excited to fuel up and finally 03VXwjy-6Qy-00084-00053984-00054391 make it to a familiar area only about an hour and a half from our home in cedar 03VXwjy-6Qy-00085-00054712-00055328 why i'm filming rapids got narrow buoys all right almost 4900 rpms 03VXwjy-6Qy-00086-00055600-00055808 not quite a little lagging over 03VXwjy-6Qy-00087-00055808-00056400 there but running good right now 03VXwjy-6Qy-00088-00057072-00057584 somewhere between the quad cities and clinton 03VXwjy-6Qy-00089-00059848-00060191 by thursday night we had made it to clinton in the city marina 03VXwjy-6Qy-00090-00060264-00060591 this is a really nice marina owned and run by the city 03VXwjy-6Qy-00091-00060688-00061320 they have a great shower they've got a restaurant so we had a much needed relaxing dinner and drinks 03VXwjy-6Qy-00092-00061640-00062224 friday was looking to be our last day on the water we had a fuel and lunch stop in dubuque before 03VXwjy-6Qy-00093-00062224-00062767 picking up our friends scott and kim in guttenberg iowa for the last 30 miles of our journey 03VXwjy-6Qy-00094-00062864-00063679 it was great being back in our home pool we pulled into our marina around 9 15 and tied our boat 03VXwjy-6Qy-00095-00063679-00064632 up to our new home at our slip in all our trip lasted eight days 20 lock and dams and 670 miles 03VXwjy-6Qy-00096-00064632-00065104 an average of 83 miles per day and over four thousand dollars in fuel costs 03VXwjy-6Qy-00097-00065440-00065840 so that's it that's our trip i hope you enjoyed the videos 03VXwjy-6Qy-00098-00065840-00066352 if you haven't watched the other ones please click on them and check out parts one and two 03VXwjy-6Qy-00099-00066352-00066976 as well as the introduction of this 99 carver 356. we spent the summer really enjoying the boat 03VXwjy-6Qy-00100-00066976-00067432 and doing some improvements and those are going to be the next videos that i start putting out 03VXwjy-6Qy-00101-00067496-00067920 so if you like old boats you like carvers you like restoring boats 03VXwjy-6Qy-00102-00067920-00068768 please check us out and come back and i'll see you next time right here thanks for watching 04D-YAcYz4y-00000-00000014-00001898 [VOICEOVER] [B-ROLL] Did you know that a child born outside the United States, may become 04D-YAcYz4y-00001-00001898-00002375 a U.S. citizen automatically at a later date? The Child Citizenship Act of2000 allows a 04D-YAcYz4y-00002-00002375-00002910 child who was born abroad, including one adopted by U.S. citizens, to acquire U.S. citizenship 04D-YAcYz4y-00003-00002910-00003418 automatically if he or she meets certain requirements. The information on this video only applies 04D-YAcYz4y-00004-00003418-00003876 to persons who were born abroad and didn't acquire citizenship at birth. [USCIS OFFICER] 04D-YAcYz4y-00005-00003876-00004457 "In general, the Child Citizenship Act of 2000 benefits a child born outside of the 04D-YAcYz4y-00006-00004457-00004998 U.S., who is under 18 years of age and has at least one parent who is a U.S. citizen. 04D-YAcYz4y-00007-00004998-00005412 [VOICEOVER] [GRAPHIC] To qualify for automatic U.S. citizenship under the law, aperson must: 04D-YAcYz4y-00008-00005412-00005910 •Meet the definition of a "child" under immigration law •Be under 18 years of age•Have 04D-YAcYz4y-00009-00005910-00006406 at least one parent who is a U.S. citizen by birth or through naturalization•Be residing 04D-YAcYz4y-00010-00006406-00006839 in the United States in the legal and physical custody of the parent who is a U.S. citizen 04D-YAcYz4y-00011-00006839-00007311 •Be a lawful permanent residentNOTE: If the child is legally adopted, he or she must 04D-YAcYz4y-00012-00007311-00007729 meet all requirements applicable to adopted children under immigration law. [USCIS OFFICER] 04D-YAcYz4y-00013-00007729-00008236 "In order to automatically get citizenship, a number of qualifyingevents must take place 04D-YAcYz4y-00014-00008236-00008907 before the child turns 18. Because citizenship law has changed over the years, if the person 04D-YAcYz4y-00015-00008907-00009622 is now over 18 years of age, USCIS looks to the relevant law that was in effect before 04D-YAcYz4y-00016-00009622-00010175 the child turned 18to decide if the person acquired U.S. citizenship."[VOICEOVER] [B-ROLL] 04D-YAcYz4y-00017-00010175-00010631 A child who qualifies does not need to file an application to establish U.S. citizenship. 04D-YAcYz4y-00018-00010631-00011222 However, if you would like proof of U.S. citizenship, youmay file Form N-600, Application for Certificate 04D-YAcYz4y-00019-00011222-00011684 of Citizenship. [USCIS OFFICER] "Not all applicants for a Certificate of Citizenship are required 04D-YAcYz4y-00020-00011684-00012122 to appear for an in-person interview. We will look at your application and the supporting 04D-YAcYz4y-00021-00012122-00012650 evidence to determine if an interview will be necessary. If you are asked to appear for 04D-YAcYz4y-00022-00012650-00013144 an interview, bring all original documents of the copies you submitted when you filed 04D-YAcYz4y-00023-00013144-00013845 your Form N-600, as well as any additional documents that will establish your eligibility. 04D-YAcYz4y-00024-00013845-00014147 Documents not in English must have a certified translation." 04D-YAcYz4y-00025-00014147-00014601 [VOICEOVER] "These are the general requirements, but some unique situations may have additional 04D-YAcYz4y-00026-00014601-00015233 needs. Please contact USCIS by visiting the web site at www.uscis.gov or calling the USCIS 04D-YAcYz4y-00027-00015233-00015649 National Customer Service Center at 1-800-365-5283 for further information."This video was produced 04D-YAcYz4y-00028-00015649-00016037 by GobiernoUSA.gov in collaboration with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 05dW8v_wV-Q-00000-00000019-00000600 Your Natchez History Minute is brought to you by Natchez National Historical Park. 05dW8v_wV-Q-00001-00000760-00001251 Sarah Holt Truly lived in Amelia County, Virginia as an English loyalist with her husband and 05dW8v_wV-Q-00002-00001251-00001632 seven children. As revolutionary spirit spread in Virginia, 05dW8v_wV-Q-00003-00001632-00002155 in 1773 the widow Truly, six of her children and two brothers moved to take advantage of 05dW8v_wV-Q-00004-00002155-00002725 rich lands along the Mississippi River that the English were making available. Her first 05dW8v_wV-Q-00005-00002725-00003307 land grant was probably in the Feliciana Parishes of Louisiana but she soon moved to the Natchez 05dW8v_wV-Q-00006-00003307-00003955 district north of Fort Panmure, formerly Fort Rosalie. In 1775, her son James left to go 05dW8v_wV-Q-00007-00003955-00004544 back to Virginia to fight for the Americans. In 1779 the Natchez District was surrendered 05dW8v_wV-Q-00008-00004544-00005323 to Spain. In 1781, the British loyalists in the Natchez district planned a revolt against 05dW8v_wV-Q-00009-00005323-00005799 the Spanish. One group took a position in a blockhouse built for them by Sarah Truly 05dW8v_wV-Q-00010-00005799-00006253 but when the main Spanish forces returned, the revolt collapsed. 05dW8v_wV-Q-00011-00006253-00006834 Sarah Truly lived for eleven more years , entirely under Spanish rule. From court records we 05dW8v_wV-Q-00012-00006834-00007287 learn that she spent much of her remaining time before the bar of justice – suing, 05dW8v_wV-Q-00013-00007287-00007766 being sued and testifying as witness. Her name is mentioned more than forty different 05dW8v_wV-Q-00014-00007766-00008289 places in Spanish court records, indicating that she was a woman of diverse interests. 05dW8v_wV-Q-00015-00008289-00008856 She loaned money, bought and sold slaves and dealt in lands. Various witnesses testified 05dW8v_wV-Q-00016-00008856-00009111 that she “cursed” and “scolded.” 05dW8v_wV-Q-00017-00009111-00009580 As a fitting sequel to her tempestuous life, we note a paragraph appended to her will which 05dW8v_wV-Q-00018-00009580-00010092 begins as follows: Whereas a controversy has arisen between the heirs of the late Sarah 05dW8v_wV-Q-00019-00010092-00010463 Truly, concerning the division of her estate….” 05dW8v_wV-Q-00020-00010550-00011228 I am Sarah Truly Huston, a great, great, great, great, granddaughter of Sarah Truly and this 05dW8v_wV-Q-00021-00011228-00011364 has been your Natchez History Minute. 08u8uJfPyPo-00000-00000000-00002016 Pikachu. 08u8uJfPyPo-00001-00002208-00002320 Shocking, isn't it? 0rvyfCLGDNA-00000-00000010-00000053 TO CONSTRUCT AND MAINTAIN 0rvyfCLGDNA-00001-00000053-00000060 TO CONSTRUCT AND MAINTAIN 0rvyfCLGDNA-00002-00000060-00000163 TO CONSTRUCT AND MAINTAIN HIGHWAY PROJECTS ACROSS THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00003-00000163-00000170 TO CONSTRUCT AND MAINTAIN HIGHWAY PROJECTS ACROSS THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00004-00000170-00000313 TO CONSTRUCT AND MAINTAIN HIGHWAY PROJECTS ACROSS THE STATE OF MINNESOTA. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00005-00000313-00000320 HIGHWAY PROJECTS ACROSS THE STATE OF MINNESOTA. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00006-00000320-00000463 HIGHWAY PROJECTS ACROSS THE STATE OF MINNESOTA. >>> A BEMIDJI MAN HAS BEEN 0rvyfCLGDNA-00007-00000463-00000470 STATE OF MINNESOTA. >>> A BEMIDJI MAN HAS BEEN 0rvyfCLGDNA-00008-00000470-00000607 STATE OF MINNESOTA. >>> A BEMIDJI MAN HAS BEEN SENTENCED TO THREE AND A HALF 0rvyfCLGDNA-00009-00000607-00000613 >>> A BEMIDJI MAN HAS BEEN SENTENCED TO THREE AND A HALF 0rvyfCLGDNA-00010-00000613-00000744 >>> A BEMIDJI MAN HAS BEEN SENTENCED TO THREE AND A HALF YEARS IN PRISON FOR EMBEZZLING 0rvyfCLGDNA-00011-00000744-00000750 SENTENCED TO THREE AND A HALF YEARS IN PRISON FOR EMBEZZLING 0rvyfCLGDNA-00012-00000750-00000887 SENTENCED TO THREE AND A HALF YEARS IN PRISON FOR EMBEZZLING MORE THAN $200,000 FROM A LOCAL 0rvyfCLGDNA-00013-00000887-00000894 YEARS IN PRISON FOR EMBEZZLING MORE THAN $200,000 FROM A LOCAL 0rvyfCLGDNA-00014-00000894-00001034 YEARS IN PRISON FOR EMBEZZLING MORE THAN $200,000 FROM A LOCAL BUSINESS. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00015-00001034-00001041 MORE THAN $200,000 FROM A LOCAL BUSINESS. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00016-00001041-00001204 MORE THAN $200,000 FROM A LOCAL BUSINESS. 61-YEAR-OLD THOMAS KAPLAN WAS 0rvyfCLGDNA-00017-00001204-00001211 BUSINESS. 61-YEAR-OLD THOMAS KAPLAN WAS 0rvyfCLGDNA-00018-00001211-00001591 BUSINESS. 61-YEAR-OLD THOMAS KAPLAN WAS SENTENCED YESTERDAY BY JUDGE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00019-00001591-00001598 61-YEAR-OLD THOMAS KAPLAN WAS SENTENCED YESTERDAY BY JUDGE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00020-00001598-00001855 61-YEAR-OLD THOMAS KAPLAN WAS SENTENCED YESTERDAY BY JUDGE JOHN MELBYE. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00021-00001855-00001861 SENTENCED YESTERDAY BY JUDGE JOHN MELBYE. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00022-00001861-00002135 SENTENCED YESTERDAY BY JUDGE JOHN MELBYE. HE WAS CONVICTED FOR EMBEZZLING 0rvyfCLGDNA-00023-00002135-00002142 JOHN MELBYE. HE WAS CONVICTED FOR EMBEZZLING 0rvyfCLGDNA-00024-00002142-00002285 JOHN MELBYE. HE WAS CONVICTED FOR EMBEZZLING $208,000 FROM AMERICAN GARAGE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00025-00002285-00002292 HE WAS CONVICTED FOR EMBEZZLING $208,000 FROM AMERICAN GARAGE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00026-00002292-00002365 HE WAS CONVICTED FOR EMBEZZLING $208,000 FROM AMERICAN GARAGE DOOR. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00027-00002365-00002372 $208,000 FROM AMERICAN GARAGE DOOR. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00028-00002372-00002439 $208,000 FROM AMERICAN GARAGE DOOR. ASSISTANT COUNTY ATTORNEY DAVE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00029-00002439-00002445 DOOR. ASSISTANT COUNTY ATTORNEY DAVE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00030-00002445-00002539 DOOR. ASSISTANT COUNTY ATTORNEY DAVE FRANK HAD ASKED THE COURT FOR 0rvyfCLGDNA-00031-00002539-00002545 ASSISTANT COUNTY ATTORNEY DAVE FRANK HAD ASKED THE COURT FOR 0rvyfCLGDNA-00032-00002545-00002669 ASSISTANT COUNTY ATTORNEY DAVE FRANK HAD ASKED THE COURT FOR THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE, WHICH IS 0rvyfCLGDNA-00033-00002669-00002675 FRANK HAD ASKED THE COURT FOR THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE, WHICH IS 0rvyfCLGDNA-00034-00002675-00002792 FRANK HAD ASKED THE COURT FOR THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE, WHICH IS DOUBLE THE AMOUNT OF TIME CALLED 0rvyfCLGDNA-00035-00002792-00002799 THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE, WHICH IS DOUBLE THE AMOUNT OF TIME CALLED 0rvyfCLGDNA-00036-00002799-00002919 THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE, WHICH IS DOUBLE THE AMOUNT OF TIME CALLED FOR BY THE MINNESOTA SENTENCING 0rvyfCLGDNA-00037-00002919-00002926 DOUBLE THE AMOUNT OF TIME CALLED FOR BY THE MINNESOTA SENTENCING 0rvyfCLGDNA-00038-00002926-00003059 DOUBLE THE AMOUNT OF TIME CALLED FOR BY THE MINNESOTA SENTENCING GUIDELINES. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00039-00003059-00003066 FOR BY THE MINNESOTA SENTENCING GUIDELINES. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00040-00003066-00003193 FOR BY THE MINNESOTA SENTENCING GUIDELINES. FRANK SAID KAPLAN DESERVED THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00041-00003193-00003199 GUIDELINES. FRANK SAID KAPLAN DESERVED THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00042-00003199-00003339 GUIDELINES. FRANK SAID KAPLAN DESERVED THE HIGHER SENTENCE BECAUSE OF THREE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00043-00003339-00003346 FRANK SAID KAPLAN DESERVED THE HIGHER SENTENCE BECAUSE OF THREE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00044-00003346-00003546 FRANK SAID KAPLAN DESERVED THE HIGHER SENTENCE BECAUSE OF THREE FACTORS -- ABUSE OF HIS POSITION 0rvyfCLGDNA-00045-00003546-00003553 HIGHER SENTENCE BECAUSE OF THREE FACTORS -- ABUSE OF HIS POSITION 0rvyfCLGDNA-00046-00003553-00003813 HIGHER SENTENCE BECAUSE OF THREE FACTORS -- ABUSE OF HIS POSITION OF TRUST, USE OF A SOPHISTICATED 0rvyfCLGDNA-00047-00003813-00003820 FACTORS -- ABUSE OF HIS POSITION OF TRUST, USE OF A SOPHISTICATED 0rvyfCLGDNA-00048-00003820-00003937 FACTORS -- ABUSE OF HIS POSITION OF TRUST, USE OF A SOPHISTICATED SCHEME TO HIDE THE EMBEZZLEMENT, 0rvyfCLGDNA-00049-00003937-00003943 OF TRUST, USE OF A SOPHISTICATED SCHEME TO HIDE THE EMBEZZLEMENT, 0rvyfCLGDNA-00050-00003943-00004087 OF TRUST, USE OF A SOPHISTICATED SCHEME TO HIDE THE EMBEZZLEMENT, PLUS THE FACT THAT THE AMOUNT OF 0rvyfCLGDNA-00051-00004087-00004094 SCHEME TO HIDE THE EMBEZZLEMENT, PLUS THE FACT THAT THE AMOUNT OF 0rvyfCLGDNA-00052-00004094-00004277 SCHEME TO HIDE THE EMBEZZLEMENT, PLUS THE FACT THAT THE AMOUNT OF THEFT WAS NEARLY SIX TIMES OVER 0rvyfCLGDNA-00053-00004277-00004284 PLUS THE FACT THAT THE AMOUNT OF THEFT WAS NEARLY SIX TIMES OVER 0rvyfCLGDNA-00054-00004284-00004487 PLUS THE FACT THAT THE AMOUNT OF THEFT WAS NEARLY SIX TIMES OVER THE STATUTORY AMOUNT OF $35,000, 0rvyfCLGDNA-00055-00004487-00004494 THEFT WAS NEARLY SIX TIMES OVER THE STATUTORY AMOUNT OF $35,000, 0rvyfCLGDNA-00056-00004494-00004687 THEFT WAS NEARLY SIX TIMES OVER THE STATUTORY AMOUNT OF $35,000, AND KAPLAN'S LACK OF REMORSE. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00057-00004687-00004694 THE STATUTORY AMOUNT OF $35,000, AND KAPLAN'S LACK OF REMORSE. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00058-00004694-00004871 THE STATUTORY AMOUNT OF $35,000, AND KAPLAN'S LACK OF REMORSE. KAPLAN'S LAWYER ASKED FOR THE 21 0rvyfCLGDNA-00059-00004871-00004878 AND KAPLAN'S LACK OF REMORSE. KAPLAN'S LAWYER ASKED FOR THE 21 0rvyfCLGDNA-00060-00004878-00004998 AND KAPLAN'S LACK OF REMORSE. KAPLAN'S LAWYER ASKED FOR THE 21 MONTHS THE SENTENCING GUIDELINES 0rvyfCLGDNA-00061-00004998-00005004 KAPLAN'S LAWYER ASKED FOR THE 21 MONTHS THE SENTENCING GUIDELINES 0rvyfCLGDNA-00062-00005004-00005141 KAPLAN'S LAWYER ASKED FOR THE 21 MONTHS THE SENTENCING GUIDELINES CALLED FOR. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00063-00005141-00005148 MONTHS THE SENTENCING GUIDELINES CALLED FOR. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00064-00005148-00005308 MONTHS THE SENTENCING GUIDELINES CALLED FOR. MELBYE AGREED WITH THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00065-00005308-00005315 CALLED FOR. MELBYE AGREED WITH THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00066-00005315-00005455 CALLED FOR. MELBYE AGREED WITH THE PROSECUTOR AND SENTENCED KAPLAN 0rvyfCLGDNA-00067-00005455-00005462 MELBYE AGREED WITH THE PROSECUTOR AND SENTENCED KAPLAN 0rvyfCLGDNA-00068-00005462-00005602 MELBYE AGREED WITH THE PROSECUTOR AND SENTENCED KAPLAN TO 42 MONTHS. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00069-00005602-00005608 PROSECUTOR AND SENTENCED KAPLAN TO 42 MONTHS. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00070-00005608-00005779 PROSECUTOR AND SENTENCED KAPLAN TO 42 MONTHS. MELBYE DETERMINED THAT THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00071-00005779-00005785 TO 42 MONTHS. MELBYE DETERMINED THAT THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00072-00005785-00005932 TO 42 MONTHS. MELBYE DETERMINED THAT THE PRISON SENTENCE WOULD BE STAYED 0rvyfCLGDNA-00073-00005932-00005939 MELBYE DETERMINED THAT THE PRISON SENTENCE WOULD BE STAYED 0rvyfCLGDNA-00074-00005939-00006076 MELBYE DETERMINED THAT THE PRISON SENTENCE WOULD BE STAYED FOR A PERIOD OF 20 YEARS 0rvyfCLGDNA-00075-00006076-00006082 PRISON SENTENCE WOULD BE STAYED FOR A PERIOD OF 20 YEARS 0rvyfCLGDNA-00076-00006082-00006246 PRISON SENTENCE WOULD BE STAYED FOR A PERIOD OF 20 YEARS CONDITIONED ON KAPLAN SERVING 0rvyfCLGDNA-00077-00006246-00006252 FOR A PERIOD OF 20 YEARS CONDITIONED ON KAPLAN SERVING 0rvyfCLGDNA-00078-00006252-00006399 FOR A PERIOD OF 20 YEARS CONDITIONED ON KAPLAN SERVING ONE YEAR IN THE BELTRAMI COUNTY 0rvyfCLGDNA-00079-00006399-00006406 CONDITIONED ON KAPLAN SERVING ONE YEAR IN THE BELTRAMI COUNTY 0rvyfCLGDNA-00080-00006406-00006583 CONDITIONED ON KAPLAN SERVING ONE YEAR IN THE BELTRAMI COUNTY JAIL AND THAT HE COMPLY WITH 0rvyfCLGDNA-00081-00006583-00006589 ONE YEAR IN THE BELTRAMI COUNTY JAIL AND THAT HE COMPLY WITH 0rvyfCLGDNA-00082-00006589-00006759 ONE YEAR IN THE BELTRAMI COUNTY JAIL AND THAT HE COMPLY WITH STANDARD PROBATIONARY CONDITIONS 0rvyfCLGDNA-00083-00006759-00006766 JAIL AND THAT HE COMPLY WITH STANDARD PROBATIONARY CONDITIONS 0rvyfCLGDNA-00084-00006766-00006940 JAIL AND THAT HE COMPLY WITH STANDARD PROBATIONARY CONDITIONS AND BEGIN MAKING RESTITUTION 0rvyfCLGDNA-00085-00006940-00006946 STANDARD PROBATIONARY CONDITIONS AND BEGIN MAKING RESTITUTION 0rvyfCLGDNA-00086-00006946-00007097 STANDARD PROBATIONARY CONDITIONS AND BEGIN MAKING RESTITUTION PAYMENTS UPON HIS RELEASE. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00087-00007097-00007103 AND BEGIN MAKING RESTITUTION PAYMENTS UPON HIS RELEASE. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00088-00007103-00007273 AND BEGIN MAKING RESTITUTION PAYMENTS UPON HIS RELEASE. AFTER THE COURT ANNOUNCED THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00089-00007273-00007280 PAYMENTS UPON HIS RELEASE. AFTER THE COURT ANNOUNCED THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00090-00007280-00007394 PAYMENTS UPON HIS RELEASE. AFTER THE COURT ANNOUNCED THE SENTENCE, KAPLAN SIMPLY INFORMED 0rvyfCLGDNA-00091-00007394-00007400 AFTER THE COURT ANNOUNCED THE SENTENCE, KAPLAN SIMPLY INFORMED 0rvyfCLGDNA-00092-00007400-00007540 AFTER THE COURT ANNOUNCED THE SENTENCE, KAPLAN SIMPLY INFORMED THE COURT THAT HE WOULD RATHER 0rvyfCLGDNA-00093-00007540-00007547 SENTENCE, KAPLAN SIMPLY INFORMED THE COURT THAT HE WOULD RATHER 0rvyfCLGDNA-00094-00007547-00007700 SENTENCE, KAPLAN SIMPLY INFORMED THE COURT THAT HE WOULD RATHER SERVE THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE IN 0rvyfCLGDNA-00095-00007700-00007707 THE COURT THAT HE WOULD RATHER SERVE THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE IN 0rvyfCLGDNA-00096-00007707-00007824 THE COURT THAT HE WOULD RATHER SERVE THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE IN PRISON. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00097-00007824-00007831 SERVE THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE IN PRISON. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00098-00007831-00007937 SERVE THE 42-MONTH SENTENCE IN PRISON. THE COURT GRANTED HIS REQUEST TO 0rvyfCLGDNA-00099-00007937-00007944 PRISON. THE COURT GRANTED HIS REQUEST TO 0rvyfCLGDNA-00100-00007944-00008164 PRISON. THE COURT GRANTED HIS REQUEST TO SERVE THE PRISON SENTENCE. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00101-00008164-00008171 THE COURT GRANTED HIS REQUEST TO SERVE THE PRISON SENTENCE. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00102-00008171-00008328 THE COURT GRANTED HIS REQUEST TO SERVE THE PRISON SENTENCE. THE $208,000 RESTITUTION 0rvyfCLGDNA-00103-00008328-00008334 SERVE THE PRISON SENTENCE. THE $208,000 RESTITUTION 0rvyfCLGDNA-00104-00008334-00008461 SERVE THE PRISON SENTENCE. THE $208,000 RESTITUTION OBLIGATION WAS REDUCED TO A 0rvyfCLGDNA-00105-00008461-00008468 THE $208,000 RESTITUTION OBLIGATION WAS REDUCED TO A 0rvyfCLGDNA-00106-00008468-00008648 THE $208,000 RESTITUTION OBLIGATION WAS REDUCED TO A CIVIL JUDGMENT. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00107-00008648-00008655 OBLIGATION WAS REDUCED TO A CIVIL JUDGMENT. 0rvyfCLGDNA-00108-00008655-00008845 OBLIGATION WAS REDUCED TO A CIVIL JUDGMENT. KAPLAN WAS THEN REMANDED TO THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00109-00008845-00008852 CIVIL JUDGMENT. KAPLAN WAS THEN REMANDED TO THE 0rvyfCLGDNA-00110-00008852-00008902 CIVIL JUDGMENT. KAPLAN WAS THEN REMANDED TO THE CUSTODY OF THE COMMISSIONER OF 0rCaqvU33mQ-00000-00000144-00000600 Welcome to our talk on co-constructed co-signed gestures (or CoCos for short): 0rCaqvU33mQ-00001-00000600-00001128 Engaging language learners in unpacking andinternalizing lexical and grammatical meanings. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00002-00001128-00001848 This talk is by Christopher Day, Michael Jarrett, Rhonda Anjilkurri Radley, Jasmine Seymour, 0rCaqvU33mQ-00003-00001848-00002216 I'm Denise Angelo from the Australian NationalUniversity, speaking to you from Ngunnawal 0rCaqvU33mQ-00004-00002216-00002712 Country in Canberra. And my colleague is SusanPoetsch from the University of Sydney in Sydney, 0rCaqvU33mQ-00005-00002712-00003215 where the Dharug language is being rekindled. We think of ourselves as the CoCos collective 0rCaqvU33mQ-00006-00003215-00003584 because we're all educators who have beenconnected through the Masters of Indigenous 0rCaqvU33mQ-00007-00003584-00004088 Languages Education program at the University ofSydney, and through our love of languages teaching. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00008-00004184-00004688 We've all, in our different ways, been inspiredto use co-constructed and co-signed gestures 0rCaqvU33mQ-00009-00004688-00005240 to assist with teaching different languages. We see CoCos as a strengths-based approach because 0rCaqvU33mQ-00010-00005240-00005832 they build on Indigenous learners' culturaltraditions of signing, body talk, and gestures. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00011-00005832-00006248 The idea of co-construction is that learnersand teachers can engage together in creating 0rCaqvU33mQ-00012-00006248-00006768 a gesture that represents the meaning of a word oraffix. This activity expands learners' understanding 0rCaqvU33mQ-00013-00006768-00007336 of the item. Then as, learners say or hear theseitems, they simultaneously produce the gesture. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00014-00007336-00007831 This kinesthetic mode reinforces meaningfulassociations with each item and enhances learners' 0rCaqvU33mQ-00015-00007831-00008584 recall and it's really fun! Each presenter willnow take you through their work with CoCos. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00016-00008840-00009216 Yura! That's 'hello' in Jandai, one of my two traditional languages. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00017-00009296-00009880 My name is Chris Day and my people are theNgugi of Quandamooka, specifically Moorgumpin. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00018-00010040-00010576 Jandai, the language of the Nunukal and Goenpul of Minjerribah, has been greatly impacted by settlement on Quandamooka 0rCaqvU33mQ-00019-00010576-00011208 country, with my ancestors being prohibitedto speak and teach their language. There is however 0rCaqvU33mQ-00020-00011208-00011712 certain and growing enthusiasm within thecommunity to bring Jandai back to daily life. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00021-00011968-00012568 In my current work role, I work with schools andcommunities to implement language programs so 0rCaqvU33mQ-00022-00012568-00013088 that all students are afforded the opportunity tolearn the language of the land on which they live 0rCaqvU33mQ-00023-00013101-00013840 and study. In 2017 I enrolled in and completed theMILE course with the hope to further assist our 0rCaqvU33mQ-00024-00013840-00014440 community's effort to reawaken the language sothat all Quandamooka people could learn and useit. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00025-00014440-00015088 I was interested in finding a way to expeditesecond language acquisition and reflecting on ways 0rCaqvU33mQ-00026-00015088-00015663 I have learnt things quickly and retained them, such as using physical mnemonic devices. I explored 0rCaqvU33mQ-00027-00015663-00016176 whether or not using co-constructed co-signedgestures benefited students' second language 0rCaqvU33mQ-00028-00016176-00016744 acquisition of an Australian Aboriginal language. Through the research work of Zimmer, Hellstrop 0rCaqvU33mQ-00029-00016744-00017624 and Englekamp (2000), Gullberg (2006), Macedonia& Knoesche (2011) and more recently Porter (2016), 0rCaqvU33mQ-00030-00017688-00018248 the use of co-speech gesture as a pedagogicaldevice has been demonstrated as an effective tool 0rCaqvU33mQ-00031-00018248-00018720 in assisting learners to acquire mastery ofan established international second language. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00032-00018816-00019176 No published research could befound to support co-speech gestures 0rCaqvU33mQ-00033-00019176-00019704 as an advantageous strategy for enhancing secondlanguage acquisition in an endangered Australian 0rCaqvU33mQ-00034-00019704-00020248 Aboriginal language context, where remnants of thelanguage exist in a state of being revitalized. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00035-00020424-00020944 To find if using co-constructed gestures assistsin learning an Australian Aboriginal language, 0rCaqvU33mQ-00036-00020944-00021576 that is incomplete, I taught a 15-hour introductoryJandai course to two classes of Year 5 students 0rCaqvU33mQ-00037-00021576-00022112 one class using speaking, listening and readingonly, and the second class also employing gestures. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00038-00022248-00022600 A storybook was developed for students to learn vocabulary items 0rCaqvU33mQ-00039-00022600-00023016 and simple language structures includingthe asking and answering of questions. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00040-00023072-00023416 The story followed the journey of two brothers traversing Quandamooka country 0rCaqvU33mQ-00041-00023416-00023904 in their search for whoever stole the oystersfrom the rock. The journey allowed the brothers 0rCaqvU33mQ-00042-00023904-00024432 to travel to different significant places, to askdifferent animals if they had stolen the oysters. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00043-00024497-00025176 Who stole the oysters from the rock? Anexample: 0rCaqvU33mQ-00044-00025200-00025713 Who stole the oysters from the rock? 0rCaqvU33mQ-00045-00025768-00026762 Ngandu kinyingarra-jin madlu-jen gujalga-ny? 0rCaqvU33mQ-00046-00026784-00027441 Did kabool (the snake) take the oysters? An example: 0rCaqvU33mQ-00047-00027504-00028057 Did the snake steal the oysters? 0rCaqvU33mQ-00048-00028093-00028747 Gujalga-ny kabool kinyingarra-jin? 0rCaqvU33mQ-00049-00028864-00029192 It was found gestures didassist in recall and retention. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00050-00029264-00029824 Using co-constructed gesture was easier and moresuccessful for recalling prepositions such as 0rCaqvU33mQ-00051-00029824-00030592 to, from and on. It was equally as easy for verbssuch as steal, take and see; and for concrete nouns 0rCaqvU33mQ-00052-00030592-00031216 such as rock oyster and snake. The plural suffixof Jandai was represented with ease by simply 0rCaqvU33mQ-00053-00031216-00031727 repeating the gesture. Indicating past, presentor future tense of a word was also quite easy 0rCaqvU33mQ-00054-00031727-00032376 with directional gestures. Proper nouns such asplace names and third person pronouns such as 'they' 0rCaqvU33mQ-00055-00032376-00032936 were not so easy to determine a suitable gesture. Further testing may confirm co-speech gesture 0rCaqvU33mQ-00056-00032936-00033376 as being of great benefit. This pedagogyenhanced students' engagement by increasing 0rCaqvU33mQ-00057-00033376-00033784 ownership and enjoyment, and I would certainlyencourage others to use this fun pedagogy 0rCaqvU33mQ-00058-00033848-00034542 and to undertake and contribute to furtherresearch in this area. Thanks. Yuwayi! 0rCaqvU33mQ-00059-00035424-00035920 Hello everyone! My name is Michael. I'm a Gumbaynggirr man from Nambucca Heads. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00060-00035920-00036616 Good to see you all. On the bottom left is myhomeland Nambucca Heads. That's where I grew up, 0rCaqvU33mQ-00061-00036616-00037200 as a child. On the right bottom is Muurrbay Language Center, which was established 0rCaqvU33mQ-00062-00037256-00037944 back in the late 1997. Out of the Muurrbay Language Center come the third edition 0rCaqvU33mQ-00063-00037944-00038608 on the top left: the Gumbaynggirr LanguageDictionary. In the Muurrbay Language Center we 0rCaqvU33mQ-00064-00038696-00039352 produce these beautiful people up here. They are Cert(ificate) 3 Gumbaynggirr students, that took 0rCaqvU33mQ-00065-00039352-00040144 two years (to complete Certicate 3). Without the Elders' foresight in watching their language disappear, no speakers, 0rCaqvU33mQ-00066-00040208-00040816 we would not be here at this point in time,in history. Our language would have been 0rCaqvU33mQ-00067-00040896-00041712 slowly slowly faded away. In my current role, I am the Aboriginal language and cultural officer. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00068-00041792-00042392 I look after 30 schools and six preschoolswithin the Gumbaynggirr area. There are more 0rCaqvU33mQ-00069-00042392-00043016 but at the moment we've got ten teachersand educators that go into these schools 0rCaqvU33mQ-00070-00043080-00043856 to teach Gumbaynggirr. My role is to trainthese educators and teachers in the language 0rCaqvU33mQ-00071-00044008-00044824 and in teaching techniques; to work on a scope andsequence, the units of work for the Gumbayggirr 0rCaqvU33mQ-00072-00044824-00045964 language; and I mentor these students (who are also educators/teachers) one-on-one and also in a group. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00073-00046000-00046856 Learning and teaching Gumbaynggirr through stories. We comeup with an idea that to teach to adults these 0rCaqvU33mQ-00074-00046936-00047808 stories, we come up with three stories. One iscalled Nyaaga Yanggaay (Look at the Shark); Guraam Wanyji (Poor Dog) and 0rCaqvU33mQ-00075-00047808-00048464 and Waagi (Ghost). We wrote the stories. We did thetranslations. And we put them into Muurrbay 0rCaqvU33mQ-00076-00048464-00049264 Language Center to a linguist [Steve Morelli] to check thegrammatical structure of the stories. We thought 0rCaqvU33mQ-00077-00049264-00049936 gestures would be a great way to learn and teacha language because if i just say here like this 0rCaqvU33mQ-00078-00050168-00050872 you haven't got no idea what I'm asking. If I use gestures then you will understand 0rCaqvU33mQ-00079-00050872-00051544 because we use our facial expression, ourbody language, our tone of voice, tells us 0rCaqvU33mQ-00080-00051624-00052312 gives us a clue, in what we want. So here are someof the gestures. It's part of the (Waagi (Ghost)) story that 0rCaqvU33mQ-00081-00052391-00052812 the students - the educators - come up with. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00083-00053483-00054600 Wow! Like he said: gamambiyu (the little ones) mugurl (being naughty) buraalambang (made a big noise) 0rCaqvU33mQ-00084-00054619-00055496 nguraa-la (in the house). So ngurra is house. And this ladyas well. Highlighted - the things in yellow- 0rCaqvU33mQ-00085-00055576-00056624 it's called allative [suffix] 'to', because we want to we also describe, you know, the language and 0rCaqvU33mQ-00086-00056760-00057400 how the grammatical stuff works. This lady she says: The children ran 0rCaqvU33mQ-00087-00057455-00057888 to the bed - TO the bed - quickly. Watch her when she says TO. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00088-00058672-00059479 galbi-gu (to the bed) quickly. This one is also thelocative [suffix]. See, the other one was the allative [suffix] 'to' 0rCaqvU33mQ-00089-00059479-00060720 This one is a locative 'in' ... ... ... ... As youcan see the locative is there as well. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00090-00060879-00062063 So we had fun doing this, teaching and learning language through gestures. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00091-00062107-00062512 Wiyabu (hello). Ngatha (I'm) Rhonda Anjilkurri Radley. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00092-00062528-00063128 I'm a proud Goori woman with strong cultural andfamily ties to Birpai and Dhanggati peoples. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00093-00063128-00063760 My role as a language activist, teacher-learner, Aboriginal Elder and researcher, privileges 0rCaqvU33mQ-00094-00063760-00064391 me in a position to support decolonization forlanguage revitalization. Gathang language the 0rCaqvU33mQ-00095-00064391-00065160 language of the Birpai, Warrimay and Guringay peoples,was one of 35 Aboriginal languages spoken in New 0rCaqvU33mQ-00096-00065160-00065712 South Wales pre-invasion and colonization. Overtime English became the prominent language 0rCaqvU33mQ-00097-00065712-00066072 and Aboriginal people were restricted fromspeaking their language, the language of 0rCaqvU33mQ-00098-00066072-00066592 their people, the language of their land. Whenspeaking the language, it connects me to my mob, 0rCaqvU33mQ-00099-00066592-00067371 my land, my culture, my ancestors. The river view ismy birthplace on Birpai country, Gurruk (PortMacquarie). 0rCaqvU33mQ-00100-00067384-00067952 The newspaper article features a group ofAboriginal adult language learners. In teaching 0rCaqvU33mQ-00101-00067952-00068568 this group, I become aware when ntroducing a newimage and language word that I naturally use hand 0rCaqvU33mQ-00102-00068568-00069160 and body movements. I had observed over time thatwhen I used gesture in teaching, the learners would 0rCaqvU33mQ-00103-00069160-00069656 automatically use the gestures associated withan image before saying the Gathang language word. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00104-00069720-00070424 We all had lots of fun with this. Hand talk (matjarr djuyal) has been used by Aboriginal people with 0rCaqvU33mQ-00105-00070424-00071016 and without the spoken word to communicate andteach. Observing Uncle Michael Jarrett teaching 0rCaqvU33mQ-00106-00071016-00071776 Gumbaynggirr language with gesture inspired me towant to support this method. Hence my interest in 0rCaqvU33mQ-00107-00071776-00072560 the research area [for my PhD]: Matjarr djuyal. How using gesturein teaching Gathang helps preschoolers learn nominals. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00108-00072760-00073360 In the research the iconic gesture actions thatconstitute visual representation of speech using 0rCaqvU33mQ-00109-00073360-00073912 the experiment were developed by me for the studyand/or borrowed from other gesture systems such 0rCaqvU33mQ-00110-00073912-00074552 as an Australian Aboriginal gesture system and/or AUSLAN. If the gesture was judged to be iconic 0rCaqvU33mQ-00111-00074720-00075248 The learning material comprised of ten nominals: two sets of five nominals. The 0rCaqvU33mQ-00112-00075248-00075896 pairing of two sets, with and without gesture,was counter-balanced across the two class groups. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00113-00075896-00076400 In this way the children acted as their own controls in that each child was taught 0rCaqvU33mQ-00114-00076400-00077016 half the Gathang nominals with and half withoutgesture. The children enjoyed learning with 0rCaqvU33mQ-00115-00077016-00077761 gesture. This is an example of teaching nominals with image and gesture: 0rCaqvU33mQ-00116-00077761-00078362 guying guying guying 0rCaqvU33mQ-00117-00078391-00078906 bakan bakan bakan 0rCaqvU33mQ-00118-00078906-00079394 gunggang gunggang gunggang 0rCaqvU33mQ-00119-00079576-00079920 The experimental results support the use of gesture 0rCaqvU33mQ-00120-00079920-00080480 in the learning of nominals, in the retentioncondition, testing five days after the teaching. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00121-00080608-00081136 The reduction of variables required for acontrolled experimental approach in a preschool 0rCaqvU33mQ-00122-00081136-00081800 classroom environment reduces the scope to embedAboriginal pedagogies, e.g. Aboriginal ways 0rCaqvU33mQ-00123-00081800-00082328 that include connection to land and community andwhich gives the broader term of reference to 0rCaqvU33mQ-00124-00082328-00083080 engage with language learners. It is clear howeverthat having demonstrated benefits from gesture use 0rCaqvU33mQ-00125-00083080-00083624 in the control context of my study, there'severy reason to imagine that these results can 0rCaqvU33mQ-00126-00083624-00084304 be translated to richer educational approaches. Theresearch findings will increase understanding of 0rCaqvU33mQ-00127-00084304-00084872 how gesture can play a role in the acquisition ofsecond language and will inform the design and 0rCaqvU33mQ-00128-00084872-00085752 development of teaching methods and resources forthe revived Gathang language. Ideally I would teach 0rCaqvU33mQ-00129-00085752-00086432 on country using a multi-sensory learning approachand with hand talk. This connects the learner 0rCaqvU33mQ-00130-00086432-00087072 with the land, its story and the essence of thething. Gesturing is a fun way to teach and learn 0rCaqvU33mQ-00131-00087232-00087840 I do what I do for our language to be passeddown to future generations and I believe that 0rCaqvU33mQ-00132-00087840-00088664 hand talk (matjarr djuyal) has a part to play in thecontinuation of our culture and language. Marrumbu (thank you). 0rCaqvU33mQ-00134-00089328-00090040 I am Jasmine from the kangaroo people ofthe Sydney basin area. I belong to the Darug 0rCaqvU33mQ-00135-00090040-00090720 Custodian Aboriginal Corporation out here in theHawkesbury. My family belonged to the Hawkesbury 0rCaqvU33mQ-00136-00090720-00091424 We have lived here for hundreds of years. My familywere here before the first fleet arrived. It is my 0rCaqvU33mQ-00137-00091424-00091984 great pleasure today to be part of the reawakeningof language that is happening on Darug country. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00138-00092088-00092992 I am a Primary school teacher and an artist andwriter. Being part of the language awakening that 0rCaqvU33mQ-00139-00092992-00093744 is happening on Darug country is incrediblyempowering. My language is the Dharug language 0rCaqvU33mQ-00140-00093744-00094400 and together with the Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation and Darug Tribal (Aboriginal Corporation), we are working 0rCaqvU33mQ-00141-00094400-00095064 towards bringing back our language and writingour dictionary. I'm also a Primary school teacher 0rCaqvU33mQ-00142-00095152-00095824 in western Sydney. Last year as part of theMasters of Indigenous Languages Education 0rCaqvU33mQ-00143-00095824-00096424 course that I did at Sydney Uni, I did a research project on how gesture would affect 0rCaqvU33mQ-00144-00096600-00097080 two Stage 2 (Year 3 and 4 kids) classes at my school. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00145-00097272-00097992 In the study that I did, it turned out that the acquisition of language was increased 0rCaqvU33mQ-00146-00097992-00098824 ten percent by the kids who did gesture, andtheir retention rates also was 15 percent 0rCaqvU33mQ-00147-00098824-00099528 better than those that did not receive gesture. Warami! The way that I taught gesture was to use 0rCaqvU33mQ-00148-00099640-00100360 some hand signals that I sort of developedby looking at Aboriginal hand speak, AUSLAN 0rCaqvU33mQ-00149-00100360-00101200 (the Australian hand sign language), and I also ended up co-creating a lot of it with my class 0rCaqvU33mQ-00150-00101200-00101768 because they were really interested in it, and as we progressed they wanted to be part 0rCaqvU33mQ-00151-00101768-00102576 of making the gestures. I used gestures withlittle books that I would make to create stories 0rCaqvU33mQ-00152-00102676-00103572 and so one of the very first gestures that I started with was this one which was 'wa-wu' 0rCaqvU33mQ-00153-00103583-00104526 (where is) kirrawi (cockatoo)? Where is kirrawi? Wa-wu kirrawi? 0rCaqvU33mQ-00154-00104526-00105025 Dingaladi darani-wa. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00155-00105096-00106008 (There she is in the white gum tree). And so we'reusing an interrogative with a location suffix 0rCaqvU33mQ-00156-00106008-00106872 on the end of darani (white gum tree). I would reallyrecommend using gesture to teach languages. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00157-00106952-00107720 This is the first experience I've had of teachinglanguage and the thing about gesture 0rCaqvU33mQ-00158-00107720-00108335 that really appealed to me was that aspect of telling story with your hands, you know I think 0rCaqvU33mQ-00159-00108335-00109072 gesture is a very powerful and effective way ofteaching language. I know the students at my school 0rCaqvU33mQ-00160-00109256-00109920 they really felt like it was about making story, I think. And I could see 0rCaqvU33mQ-00161-00109920-00110464 that those students that were receiving gestureweek after week were getting it a lot quicker 0rCaqvU33mQ-00162-00110520-00111128 than the other group who were not getting it, and it was quite rapid. And at times I actually 0rCaqvU33mQ-00163-00111128-00111688 struggled to keep up with them because theywere getting it faster than I was with gesture. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00164-00111759-00112559 So yeah it's been a very positive experienceand I encourage you to give it a go. Yanu! 0rCaqvU33mQ-00165-00112648-00113272 So in conclusion we'd like to emphasize thatwe see CoCos, our co-constructed co-signed 0rCaqvU33mQ-00166-00113344-00113792 approach with gestures, that they build oncultural traditions of meaningful gestures 0rCaqvU33mQ-00167-00113792-00114368 and body language. They represent therefore acultural continuity, a strengths-based approach for 0rCaqvU33mQ-00168-00114368-00114911 Aboriginal language teachers and learners. They'reapplicable as the presenters have shown across all 0rCaqvU33mQ-00169-00114911-00115359 these different languages, and they're able torepresent words as well as parts of words the 0rCaqvU33mQ-00170-00115359-00115968 affixes of these highly inflecting languages. Wehave here a snippet of Chris from Jandai showing 0rCaqvU33mQ-00171-00115968-00116511 you an interrogative (or question word) and acommon noun, a yummy shellfish. We have here 0rCaqvU33mQ-00172-00116511-00117016 Jasmine from Dharug showing you a differentquestion word and a gesture for a kind of bird. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00173-00117016-00117535 We have here Anjilkurri showing you twodifferent gestures for different kinds of animals 0rCaqvU33mQ-00174-00117535-00118232 from Gathang: a bird and a frog. And finallywe have Michael from Gumbaynggirr showing 0rCaqvU33mQ-00175-00118368-00119048 two different suffixes: an allative 'to' (a little tag) or a locative 'in/at'. 0rCaqvU33mQ-00176-00119183-00119832 We therefore hope that we've shown you that theseco-constructed co-signed (CoCos) these gestures 0rCaqvU33mQ-00177-00119832-00120448 support different age learner groups, teachers ofall different levels of experience and confidence 0rCaqvU33mQ-00178-00120448-00120952 with their language; that they support meaning-making as they give so many clues. And there's so 0rCaqvU33mQ-00179-00120952-00121400 much more to share about those but we've only hadfour and a half minutes for each of the presenters; 0rCaqvU33mQ-00180-00121400-00121896 that they really reinforce memory and recallbecause there are multiple sensory pathways 0rCaqvU33mQ-00181-00121896-00122488 involved which assist with recalling each ofthe items. Language teaching and revitalizing, 0rCaqvU33mQ-00182-00122488-00123080 reawakening and reigniting contexts are supported,and of course learner engagement and enthusiasm 0rCaqvU33mQ-00183-00123080-00123592 because they're just such great fun and somotivational. So CoCos come highly recommended 0rCaqvU33mQ-00184-00123592-00124192 from us all. So we'd like to all thank you. Thankyou very much for listening to our presentation. 0tIXWws4qe0-00000-00000006-00000106 Hello! 0tIXWws4qe0-00001-00000106-00000206 I'm Storm Clouds and welcome to my yt! 0tIXWws4qe0-00002-00000206-00001337 I'll post gacha roblox And sorry.. but I wont make flipaclips videos because its not working 0tIXWws4qe0-00003-00001337-00001937 ;-; 0u9kbaKUjUu-00000-00000300-00000425 Hi, I'm Evan Hirsch. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00001-00000448-00000814 We are here in the state of Florida at the Venus Project to visit 0u9kbaKUjUu-00002-00000834-00001298 centenarian futurist Jacque Fresco and his partner Roxanne Meadows, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00003-00001323-00001731 who have created this 21-acre futuristic wonderland 0u9kbaKUjUu-00004-00001807-00002092 to give us an example of what might be possible 0u9kbaKUjUu-00005-00002121-00002492 if his visions come to life for a new society for us all 0u9kbaKUjUu-00006-00002553-00002827 that is centered around a resource-based economy. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00007-00002846-00003150 S.O.U.L. Documentary presents 0u9kbaKUjUu-00008-00003166-00003250 . ♫ New plans for our human family ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00009-00003250-00003552 A World Worth Imagining ♫ New plans for our human family ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00010-00003563-00003803 Jacque Fresco: The Man With The Plan . 0u9kbaKUjUu-00011-00003803-00004158 Jacque Fresco: The Man With The Plan ♫ to free us from this dark age ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00012-00004256-00004452 Jacque - 1974 0u9kbaKUjUu-00013-00004515-00004892 The reason we emphasize machines and technology is to free man 0u9kbaKUjUu-00014-00004915-00005272 to go to art centers, music centers, cultural centers, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00015-00005296-00005604 and to find the meaning of their own existence and lives. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00016-00005660-00005832 Jacque Fresco interview take 4. [clap] 0u9kbaKUjUu-00017-00005844-00006084 Jacque - 2017 0u9kbaKUjUu-00018-00006160-00006495 This was Jacque's last interview before he died in May 2017 at age 101. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00019-00007031-00007467 Let's take a look at this beautiful body of futuristic, visionary work. Come on! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00020-00007595-00007862 What do you think of when you contemplate the future? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00021-00007889-00008264 Well we're finding out what Jacque Fresco, a futurist, thinks about that. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00022-00008303-00008628 You may not have heard of Jacque Fresco, but he is known around the world. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00023-00008688-00008872 Documentaries have been done about him. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00024-00008914-00009366 He has a plan to build an entire new world from the ground up. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00025-00009497-00009742 Magazine writers from Europe have written stories about him. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00026-00009792-00010039 I've come to the other side of the world to Florida 0u9kbaKUjUu-00027-00010072-00010411 to meet a man who has a very clear vision of what he thinks 0u9kbaKUjUu-00028-00010430-00010619 the future of cities should look like. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00029-00010630-00010860 ...offering an architectural plan for human beings, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00030-00010871-00011242 technology, and nature to coexist to create a sustainable future. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00031-00011523-00011811 He's a social engineer, industrial engineer, designer, inventor, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00032-00011925-00012108 ... who truly believes the ills of society can be cured 0u9kbaKUjUu-00033-00012120-00012499 only if we throw away the rules that govern it, and ourselves. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00034-00012518-00012819 But to do it Jacque's way there would be no communism, no capitalism, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00035-00012837-00013155 everyone living together in one world, sharing everything. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00036-00013232-00013531 [ ♫ Dramatic music ♪ ] 0u9kbaKUjUu-00037-00013916-00014515 ♫ ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00038-00015374-00015729 If you were to describe yourself, what would you say? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00039-00015742-00016073 I just about have to call myself a social engineer, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00040-00016126-00016601 because I'm not just interested in architecture and learning theory, and human behavior, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00041-00016635-00016931 but I am interested in all aspects of the Earth 0u9kbaKUjUu-00042-00016988-00017152 and people, people mostly. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00043-00017182-00017368 I'm not too interested in technology, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00044-00017403-00017659 although it may seem that I advocate that. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00045-00017716-00018072 In actuality, all the wonders of technology to me 0u9kbaKUjUu-00046-00018090-00018437 are just so much junk unless it makes humans better. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00047-00018563-00018778 My favorite part of the day was the lecture itself. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00048-00018789-00019035 I've watched a lot of Jacque Fresco's lectures. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00049-00019046-00019215 He struck me as a genuine person 0u9kbaKUjUu-00050-00019226-00019490 hell-bent on saving the world in every way he can. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00051-00019501-00019987 But I think Jacque has this amazing ability to zoom out 0u9kbaKUjUu-00052-00020025-00020216 and look at stuff from above, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00053-00020248-00020689 on society, on structures, on life, on people. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00054-00020728-00021074 Parkinson's Disease affected Jacque's ability to speak in the last years of his life. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00055-00021085-00021350 - The depression had a big influence on you. - Yes. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00056-00021456-00021593 How did it change you? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00057-00021687-00021997 Well I had to think my way out of it. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00058-00022088-00022259 I went to the library. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00059-00022282-00022450 I read many books. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00060-00022460-00022779 Everybody had a little bit of something. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00061-00022848-00023012 Jacque has been working on this all his life 0u9kbaKUjUu-00062-00023033-00023528 and what pushed him in this direction was that he experienced the Great Depression. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00063-00023540-00023865 Well I remember as a kid, during the depression, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00064-00023890-00024261 my father, being an agronomist, was one of the first guys laid off. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00065-00024308-00024531 And he really tried to get a job; he couldn't, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00066-00024542-00024723 and the family was threatened. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00067-00024796-00025035 And there were no provisions for that kind of condition. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00068-00025072-00025376 And I remember seeing millions of Americans displaced, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00069-00025406-00025719 and children riding freight trains across the country. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00070-00025737-00025963 They were good kids, they just couldn't make it. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00071-00025980-00026352 And people were sent out of their house because they had no money for the rent 0u9kbaKUjUu-00072-00026385-00026556 and people in bread lines. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00073-00026567-00026996 And that's what initiated people talking in the streets about communism and 0u9kbaKUjUu-00074-00027027-00027349 free enterprise system and Mankind United and all different things. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00075-00027402-00027723 And he felt that it was the rules of the game that we play by 0u9kbaKUjUu-00076-00027736-00027887 that were so screwed up, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00077-00027902-00028281 that he started a quest of looking for a different social system 0u9kbaKUjUu-00078-00028293-00028622 that enabled people to thrive moreso, and he couldn't find one. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00079-00028747-00028856 Environment Shapes Behavior 0u9kbaKUjUu-00080-00028867-00029099 What has humanity failed to learn? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00081-00029122-00029608 They failed to learn: what makes people behave as they do. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00082-00029646-00030170 It's the indoctrination in schools, and in magazines, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00083-00030230-00030429 and in radio and news. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00084-00030471-00030822 Suddenly I realized, not a lot of people understand 0u9kbaKUjUu-00085-00030857-00031094 this factor that the environment shapes us. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00086-00031105-00031336 And it was, whoa! Really? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00087-00031428-00031783 If you raise an American child by the headhunters of the Amazon 0u9kbaKUjUu-00088-00031810-00032079 he will shrink heads and behave as a headhunter. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00089-00032113-00032505 You might dislike that behavior, but if you maintain that environment 0u9kbaKUjUu-00090-00032518-00032628 you will get that as a result. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00091-00032639-00033028 When you're brought up in the slums where every kid grabs what he can grab, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00092-00033051-00033327 otherwise there's nothing left for you! You understand? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00093-00033354-00033768 You're brought up with a philosophy that parallels where you're coming from. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00094-00033814-00034327 So, when people steal, I say "Every human being is lawful." 0u9kbaKUjUu-00095-00034380-00034563 They obey natural law. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00096-00034598-00034986 What you've been exposed to, if it's hatred, all that is lawful! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00097-00035068-00035344 Fresco's vision goes beyond architecture. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00098-00035492-00035940 He sees his cities as tools for fostering humanistic values. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00099-00036008-00036332 I feel that environment shapes our values. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00100-00036363-00036686 The people we know, the people we identify with. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00101-00036708-00036980 It isn't human nature that people have greed. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00102-00037014-00037206 It's reinforced in this culture. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00103-00037244-00037541 And by having greed, you get more things. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00104-00037569-00037701 You get more money. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00105-00037718-00037996 You do it off of the backs of many other people. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00106-00038025-00038454 Every human being is perfectly well-adjusted for where they've been. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00107-00038502-00038779 What you've got to remember is, we can raise a dog 0u9kbaKUjUu-00108-00038832-00039035 to tear Japanese soldiers to pieces, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00109-00039066-00039330 or we can raise the same police dog to help the blind. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00110-00039342-00039745 How do we find our way through from the standpoint of human nature? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00111-00039779-00039958 We look at it as a scapegoat. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00112-00039984-00040046 They think that, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00113-00040062-00040408 "Well if there is a human nature in people that they can't exceed what they're doing." 0u9kbaKUjUu-00114-00040420-00040642 [So] there'll always be war, there'll always be hatred, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00115-00040654-00040882 there'll always be jealousy and crime, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00116-00040893-00041060 and that's just not true. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00117-00041129-00041368 From our point of view, there are no criminals. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00118-00041396-00041654 There are people that have been subject to deprivation. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00119-00041715-00041972 They've been subject to environments that have little warmth, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00120-00041984-00042170 little love, little caring, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00121-00042182-00042465 and the result and the byproduct is criminal behavior. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00122-00042490-00042834 All of our bigotry, and our hatred, and our prejudice, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00123-00042873-00043275 and our notions of good and bad and right and wrong 0u9kbaKUjUu-00124-00043298-00043616 are given to us from the culture that we're raised in. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00125-00043660-00043963 You believe that we teach competition, that it's not bred into some? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00126-00043974-00044256 Competition is dangerous, socially offensive, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00127-00044313-00044437 considered right and normal, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00128-00044463-00044623 because you are brought up to that value system. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00129-00044678-00045127 Can you take a primitive baby and make an aeronautical engineer out of them? Yes! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00130-00045155-00045554 In the last 25 years, and from a background of isolated village life, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00131-00045573-00045812 such tribesmen have driven their first tractor, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00132-00045829-00046131 have acquired and practiced totally new medical skills, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00133-00046174-00046362 and mastered the skill of flying an airplane. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00134-00046376-00046560 They don't have a primitive mind! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00135-00046608-00046921 They have a mind set by the primitive culture! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00136-00047142-00047452 You make more sense than about anyone I've ever heard! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00137-00047520-00047794 Why is your level of logic so rare? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00138-00047961-00048574 You can't expect a person to do anything outside of their conditioning. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00139-00048604-00048937 So reconditioning is the foundation for finding a new way? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00140-00048952-00049037 Yes. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00141-00049072-00049560 It's too difficult once the kids get out of school. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00142-00049614-00049812 They've already been poisoned. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00143-00049937-00050154 You managed to break out of it and find your own way. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00144-00050236-00050549 Aren't there enough of us out there who can make something happen? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00145-00050580-00050836 Well this will make something happen, this film. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00146-00051024-00051300 Cooperative Cooperation in Human Endeavor 0u9kbaKUjUu-00147-00051412-00051586 All environments generate behavior. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00148-00051611-00051753 We don't like to look at it that way. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00149-00051769-00051928 “Well, I make my own decisions! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00150-00051951-00052187 No one ever told me what to buy or what to think." 0u9kbaKUjUu-00151-00052233-00052427 When you go to school the first thing they do to you 0u9kbaKUjUu-00152-00052442-00052703 is you raise your right hand; you don't even know which is your right hand. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00153-00052737-00052885 And you pledge allegiance to a flag 0u9kbaKUjUu-00154-00052907-00053127 but you've never seen all the other flags of the world. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00155-00053160-00053411 You pledge allegiance to the American way 0u9kbaKUjUu-00156-00053433-00053573 and the American way doesn't exist. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00157-00053584-00053672 When I went to school 0u9kbaKUjUu-00158-00053691-00053884 the beds we sleep in were designed in England. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00159-00053924-00054103 The electric battery came from the Arabs; 0u9kbaKUjUu-00160-00054115-00054364 it was designed 600 years before Christ. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00161-00054389-00054583 We've learned a lot from so many people. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00162-00054603-00054851 And most of us are alive because of Louis Pasteur. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00163-00054894-00055079 So we owe so much to so many. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00164-00055096-00055377 "To get away from patriotism;" Einstein said that. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00165-00055398-00055721 To surrender our concepts of individual uniqueness 0u9kbaKUjUu-00166-00055742-00056094 in exchange for constructive cooperation in human endeavor. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00167-00056140-00056398 This is the future. Whether you can see it or not 0u9kbaKUjUu-00168-00056429-00056616 depends on whether there will BE a future. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00169-00056800-00057035 I don't have any expectations. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00170-00057056-00057310 Whatever happens is real. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00171-00057326-00057652 What I think SHOULD happen is not real. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00172-00057687-00057812 That's what hurts you: 0u9kbaKUjUu-00173-00057824-00058041 your expectations of the world. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00174-00058066-00058328 Social Design And Values 0u9kbaKUjUu-00175-00058448-00058784 What Jacque has developed, what you've developed with him in the last 40 years, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00176-00058801-00058904 it's so much more than buildings. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00177-00058916-00059233 That's right. We always say it's not architecture, it's the social design. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00178-00059244-00059497 It's a Resource Based Economy and it's the values that go along with it. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00179-00059563-00059719 So it's more than a building, it's- 0u9kbaKUjUu-00180-00059761-00060141 the building is the statement of some underlying philosophy 0u9kbaKUjUu-00181-00060152-00060288 (- Yes) ...about how to run the world. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00182-00060300-00060435 It's like the human body. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00183-00060462-00060567 If the brain said hey- 0u9kbaKUjUu-00184-00060585-00060886 I do all the thinking, I want most of the energy of the body, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00185-00060897-00061030 then the liver starts choking. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00186-00061072-00061399 The liver says, without me you can't exist, so the brain says, well here's a little bit; 0u9kbaKUjUu-00187-00061456-00061558 the liver sufferers. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00188-00061589-00061977 You cannot give certain things to some organs of the human body. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00189-00062006-00062380 The whole mechanism, the planet Earth, and all its inhabitants live here. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00190-00062424-00062738 And there is a way today, fortunately only today, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00191-00062766-00063063 with science and technology, to overcome these problems. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00192-00063142-00063319 Science And Technology With Human Concern 0u9kbaKUjUu-00193-00063474-00063667 Being concerned about the environment without 0u9kbaKUjUu-00194-00063686-00063914 making the environment better for everyone, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00195-00063983-00064291 and keeping that in mind as your prime directive, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00196-00064356-00064505 for computers as well. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00197-00064535-00064820 Their prime directive is human concern. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00198-00064887-00065188 You can't be human, or decent 0u9kbaKUjUu-00199-00065209-00065519 without the knowledge to overcome scarcity. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00200-00065538-00065804 Today we can produce an abundance for all countries 0u9kbaKUjUu-00201-00065830-00066106 so they need not invade other countries. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00202-00066145-00066328 We can provide for their needs. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00203-00066392-00066638 Who will do all the work to build it? No one. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00204-00066664-00067000 The Venus Project will be automated: factories, farms... 0u9kbaKUjUu-00205-00067016-00067243 If you unleash science and technology 0u9kbaKUjUu-00206-00067254-00067651 to create a high standard of living for everyone and automate boring jobs. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00207-00067727-00068002 Jacque Fresco's background as an industrial designer, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00208-00068018-00068312 social engineering guru, and architect 0u9kbaKUjUu-00209-00068330-00068833 have led the 98-year-old futurist to be dubbed a modern-day da Vinci. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00210-00068881-00069257 He has a long held theory for a more sustainable society 0u9kbaKUjUu-00211-00069276-00069668 and his city designs are like nothing we currently have in place. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00212-00069700-00070060 Technically, how difficult is it to build these homes? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00213-00070080-00070449 Well we will prefabricate like automobiles on production lines, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00214-00070482-00070709 not carpenters and hammer and nails. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00215-00070756-00071119 That's okay 50 years ago, but no longer adequate. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00216-00071142-00071386 He did the first prefabricated house after 0u9kbaKUjUu-00217-00071418-00071672 World War ll out of aluminum, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00218-00071683-00072026 but he made extrusions so the windows snapped in, the doors snapped in 0u9kbaKUjUu-00219-00072050-00072267 and everything could be built very quickly. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00220-00072292-00072504 But because he worked on extrusions 0u9kbaKUjUu-00221-00072526-00072851 he came up with extruding entire apartment buildings. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00222-00072929-00073224 Everything's so futuristic, even today, it's so futuristic. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00223-00073235-00073376 And when did he make these? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00224-00073411-00073615 He really made all of these designs 0u9kbaKUjUu-00225-00073626-00073851 60, 70 and sometimes 80 years ago. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00226-00073862-00074185 He's 101 and he started designing when he was 13. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00227-00074212-00074470 We made these about 30-35 years ago but 0u9kbaKUjUu-00228-00074517-00074701 a lot of the designs are very old. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00229-00074757-00074900 So you have the monorail under the bridge? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00230-00074912-00075252 Yes, this is a covered bridge with a monorail underneath. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00231-00075267-00075532 And this is actually a very old design of his. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00232-00075556-00075881 Jacque had a concept for a train before I met him. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00233-00075921-00076133 But the train wasn't in a tunnel. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00234-00076144-00076480 It had a probe out front that shot electricity, you could say, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00235-00076491-00076694 in front of it, so it broke the air. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00236-00076716-00076998 So there was no sonic boom or there was no air pressure 0u9kbaKUjUu-00237-00077009-00077216 and it could go very, very fast. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00238-00077230-00077342 But you don't need the tunnel. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00239-00077396-00077644 And the same thing on aircraft, he applied it to aircraft. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00240-00077655-00078046 And in fact in 1956 he was in Popular Mechanics with that device. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00241-00078212-00078615 We hope to build a new transportation system that can move up to 2000 miles an hour, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00242-00078649-00079004 floating on a magnetic repulsive field or an air cushion. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00243-00079038-00079273 If 40 or 50 people have to leave the train 0u9kbaKUjUu-00244-00079299-00079467 we slow it to 100 miles an hour, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00245-00079479-00079784 lift off the passenger section, or slide it off, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00246-00079798-00080088 and slide on a section with the passengers getting on. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00247-00080114-00080496 This represents the building of underwater dams within the Gulf Stream. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00248-00080549-00080969 This dam will route the waters of the sea into a spillway, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00249-00080993-00081380 so the fish and marine life are separated from the turbine blades. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00250-00081420-00081764 The Gulf Stream will generate power to oxygenate the waters, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00251-00081788-00082087 to eliminate the red tide, to monitor marine life, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00252-00082102-00082331 and build an ecological relationship 0u9kbaKUjUu-00253-00082347-00082624 between the total oceanographic world 0u9kbaKUjUu-00254-00082643-00082743 and the continents. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00255-00082851-00083092 Let's not wait for nature to do it; we loused it up, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00256-00083104-00083255 we're going to have to clean it up. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00257-00083297-00083537 They arrive at the technology eventually, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00258-00083560-00083880 he just worked in many fields so he came out with things earlier. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00259-00083910-00084165 But it's the social design that's the most important. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00260-00084520-00084865 We live in a monetary-oriented world, we think in terms of money. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00261-00084902-00085196 But the real value of any nation is its resources. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00262-00085264-00085429 Without resources you have nothing! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00263-00085715-00086029 Say the ship sunk, and you found yourself on an island, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00264-00086059-00086275 and you had say 10 million dollars. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00265-00086331-00086482 And you had gold and diamonds. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00266-00086507-00086699 But the island has no water, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00267-00086745-00087033 no arable land, and no fish. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00268-00087051-00087201 You have nothing. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00269-00087215-00087430 So all this emphasis on money, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00270-00087457-00087995 which doesn't really represent anything but some way of exploiting other people. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00271-00088024-00088321 When the bottom line is profit, it's very dangerous. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00272-00088481-00088776 And if you squander your resources in war, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00273-00088823-00089273 where you have 5,500 ships on the bottom of the sea today, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00274-00089337-00089807 loaded with copper, manganese, tungsten, all the kids that were killed, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00275-00089854-00090076 300,000 aircraft shot down. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00276-00090116-00090383 With World War II [resources] we could have housed everybody on earth, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00277-00090409-00090778 built hospitals all over the world, schools all over the world. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00278-00090793-00091081 There's something dreadfully wrong with our culture. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00279-00091344-00091625 We won't make the history books of the future. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00280-00091647-00091797 We are that ignorant. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00281-00091876-00092313 Not in technology. We're doing fine in computers and electronics, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00282-00092347-00092779 but the human value system is not moving fast enough. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00283-00092806-00093053 Governments are not changing fast enough. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00284-00093144-00093270 What have we done right? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00285-00093332-00093536 Nothing right ... yet. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00286-00093557-00093662 These are our dark ages. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00287-00093686-00093931 ♫ These are the new dark ages ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00288-00093967-00094200 ♫ and the world might end tonight. ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00289-00094222-00094374 Yes. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00290-00094574-00094822 The future isn't Star Wars according to Jacque. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00291-00094849-00094990 It's a home for everyone. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00292-00095038-00095320 We'll show a world in which values are different. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00293-00095332-00095474 The aspirations of people: 0u9kbaKUjUu-00294-00095496-00095745 they have compassion, feeling for one another, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00295-00095774-00095886 concern over the environment. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00296-00095961-00096328 Building the structures of the future may be the easy part of Jacque's vision. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00297-00096526-00096696 The real future, people will be different. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00298-00096708-00096983 Well today, a person feels good helping an old lady across the street. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00299-00097064-00097222 But where does she go when she gets across the street? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00300-00097329-00097448 Jacque thinks he has the answer 0u9kbaKUjUu-00301-00097529-00097689 in the city of the future. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00302-00097864-00098331 When I was about 12 years old I was looking at a gear on a table, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00303-00098415-00098640 and I saw the cities of the future. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00304-00098789-00099011 I think all inventions are based upon 0u9kbaKUjUu-00305-00099089-00099287 experiences like that. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00306-00099307-00099489 I don't think they come out of nowhere. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00307-00099584-00099764 This is what the total city-... 0u9kbaKUjUu-00308-00099775-00099977 The total city looks like this. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00309-00099996-00100198 This is an ecological program. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00310-00100311-00100548 The cities are all immersed in beautiful gardens 0u9kbaKUjUu-00311-00100608-00100800 where there are lakes, recreation areas, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00312-00100814-00101088 arts centers, music centers, cultural centers. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00313-00101155-00101280 And surrounding the city 0u9kbaKUjUu-00314-00101291-00101628 we have the agricultural belt where we grow foods hydroponically. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00315-00101715-00102029 Between cities, we let everything go back to nature. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00316-00102168-00102633 In Jacque's world, bold new technology would literally change the way we live. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00317-00102671-00103154 Cybernation would free us from long workdays and allow us to pursue our own interest. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00318-00103627-00104033 All of the new cities will be a university, in essence. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00319-00104073-00104479 There's no courses that are used to exploit or abuse 0u9kbaKUjUu-00320-00104491-00104622 any other human being. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00321-00104798-00105209 United Nations Award For Sustainable City Design - 2016 0u9kbaKUjUu-00322-00105220-00105508 Jacque Fresco has blessed us 0u9kbaKUjUu-00323-00105540-00105962 with his unwavering commitment and uncompromising work 0u9kbaKUjUu-00324-00105990-00106241 to re-engineer a better future. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00325-00106285-00106640 On behalf of all of us, thank you! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00326-00106699-00106825 We are getting there 0u9kbaKUjUu-00327-00106845-00107207 and you have been a critical force for that change. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00328-00107254-00107713 Please, a warm round of applause for Mr. Jacque Fresco! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00329-00107766-00107896 [Applause] 0u9kbaKUjUu-00330-00108109-00108269 The whole idea of the future 0u9kbaKUjUu-00331-00108283-00108555 is to stop putting up little cities and buildings, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00332-00108586-00108787 but to work on a whole system. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00333-00109076-00109276 The center of the city, the nucleus, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00334-00109297-00109489 will house an electronic computer. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00335-00109520-00109773 The computers do NOT control people. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00336-00109830-00110152 They maintain safety, they oversee the environment, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00337-00110170-00110579 maintain ecological balance between animal life and plant life. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00338-00110806-00111110 All the machines do is control the physical entities 0u9kbaKUjUu-00339-00111140-00111308 that comprise the environment. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00340-00111332-00111569 We feel that machines ought to do 0u9kbaKUjUu-00341-00111589-00111891 the filthy or the repetitious or the boring jobs. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00342-00111907-00112046 That man has to be free... 0u9kbaKUjUu-00343-00112419-00112803 to pursue the higher things, the higher possibilities of man. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00344-00113418-00113649 What is to be done precisely? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00345-00113827-00114372 An international system for the maximum utilization of the world's resources 0u9kbaKUjUu-00346-00114420-00114706 without any special privileged group! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00347-00114735-00114911 There's no technical elite. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00348-00115014-00115468 No scientific group that sit on cushions, that make the decisions. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00349-00115783-00115896 What form of government? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00350-00115942-00116115 Resource management government. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00351-00116146-00116502 Non-political: neither communist, fascist, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00352-00116518-00116747 socialist, free-enterprise. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00353-00116910-00117304 Merely the installation of resource management 0u9kbaKUjUu-00354-00117385-00117726 to enhance the lives of all human beings. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00355-00117964-00118181 Fresco poses a question for us all. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00356-00118209-00118585 Will humanity create the paradise we know is possible? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00357-00118617-00118830 or will it drive itself into oblivion? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00358-00118871-00118999 The choice is ours. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00359-00119011-00119308 Resource Based Economy 0u9kbaKUjUu-00360-00119354-00119608 As automation advances and we lose all these jobs 0u9kbaKUjUu-00361-00119620-00119928 how do we provide the food, shelter, medical care and energy 0u9kbaKUjUu-00362-00119940-00120141 for all these people who aren't going to be able to earn it 0u9kbaKUjUu-00363-00120152-00120312 because there aren't jobs for them to do so? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00364-00120327-00120539 A Resource Based Economy. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00365-00120554-00120923 The Venus Project wants to use a Resource Based Economy. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00366-00120943-00121172 Meaning, we have enough resources 0u9kbaKUjUu-00367-00121203-00121444 to take care of all the conditions and problems... 0u9kbaKUjUu-00368-00121491-00121731 ...and make everything available free, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00369-00121747-00121892 like the library. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00370-00121956-00122182 A library for everything, a library. - That's right. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00371-00122390-00122639 There would be no money because we wouldn't need it. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00372-00122664-00122911 Resources would be available to everyone. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00373-00122956-00123236 You don't want to own anything. You don't want money. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00374-00123254-00123480 What do you want is ACCESS to things! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00375-00123527-00123950 It's just no need to profit over other people's misery. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00376-00123961-00124272 You get a toothache, somebody makes a buck off of that. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00377-00124294-00124489 And we don't need to do that anymore. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00378-00124519-00124797 We can get beyond that by creating abundance. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00379-00124936-00125229 We can achieve a level of production so high 0u9kbaKUjUu-00380-00125327-00125724 that it'd be superfluous to put a price tag on things. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00381-00125742-00126025 And that's the beginning of a civilized world. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00382-00126104-00126422 The money system was designed hundreds of years ago 0u9kbaKUjUu-00383-00126466-00126782 and it no longer fits the situation. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00384-00126805-00126990 So when this society grows up, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00385-00127013-00127407 they will understand that money is no longer necessary. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00386-00127434-00127658 They can go to a new kind of economy. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00387-00127692-00127874 No society in history 0u9kbaKUjUu-00388-00127907-00128303 ever looked into the future and designed things to fit that. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00389-00128328-00128553 They waited until - boom! the bottom fell, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00390-00128564-00128800 then they changed, you see? ... unfortunately. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00391-00128995-00129384 We're given the notion of individuality because it fits in with this culture, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00392-00129396-00129756 that you have to be responsible for your survival, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00393-00129780-00130149 your healthcare, and we don't need to do that. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00394-00130161-00130310 We could provide that for everybody. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00395-00130328-00130523 If people have access to things, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00396-00130540-00130723 who's going to rob things from you? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00397-00130748-00131076 Who's going to take things away from you if there are access centers? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00398-00131115-00131432 If there is no money we don't need bankers, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00399-00131443-00131645 we don't need lawyers, we don't need 0u9kbaKUjUu-00400-00131708-00132019 advertising agencies, we don't need stockbrokers. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00401-00132053-00132283 There's so much superficial waste. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00402-00132294-00132751 This culture, you have to sell things to keep the economy going. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00403-00132778-00133140 So we're plundering our resources just to keep selling. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00404-00133374-00133779 There are people that believe in the power of money. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00405-00133817-00133937 They're so wrong. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00406-00133955-00134128 And you can't tell them that. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00407-00134140-00134304 They think you're a communist. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00408-00134325-00134566 Communism isn't radical enough. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00409-00134665-00134984 Communism isn't radical enough! That's a great Jacque quote, right? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00410-00135012-00135324 I don't want communism or socialism. That's too old-fashioned! 0u9kbaKUjUu-00411-00135346-00135508 We are moving into a system, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00412-00135528-00135987 a different system, and a system free of political bias. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00413-00136015-00136435 And if you elect the people with unquestionable ethics in government 0u9kbaKUjUu-00414-00136465-00136723 and if you ran out of resources, I can assure you 0u9kbaKUjUu-00415-00136744-00136879 crime would grow again. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00416-00136890-00137273 And The Venus Project is the redesign of our culture. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00417-00137305-00137480 To design a society 0u9kbaKUjUu-00418-00137510-00137810 with the intelligent use of science and technology 0u9kbaKUjUu-00419-00137848-00138211 to lift up the lives of everyone, not a selected few. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00420-00138249-00138735 The economic alternative to most of the world's societies 0u9kbaKUjUu-00421-00138795-00139378 is to declare the earth as the common heritage of all the world's people. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00422-00139409-00139701 And then remove all the artificial boundaries 0u9kbaKUjUu-00423-00139726-00140060 so people can travel anywhere on earth without a passport. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00424-00140304-00140677 And they'll be no problems such as racial problems. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00425-00140714-00140936 There will be opportunities for all people. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00426-00140958-00141324 We do it because the smarter your children are, the richer my life. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00427-00141360-00141730 So everybody in the world represents an extension to their life 0u9kbaKUjUu-00428-00141757-00142057 rather than, "I've got just the car you're looking for," 0u9kbaKUjUu-00429-00142102-00142563 rather everybody selling themselves and making a profit on one another. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00430-00142646-00143025 That will motivate them to see that everything they do 0u9kbaKUjUu-00431-00143049-00143278 goes out there for all humanity. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00432-00143292-00143749 All children are well cared for; all older folks are taken care of. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00433-00143775-00143993 So that means they will be taken care of. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00434-00144012-00144311 Because everybody cares about everybody else. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00435-00144428-00144771 Science Applied To The Social System 0u9kbaKUjUu-00436-00144806-00145008 Before you launch a spaceship to the moon 0u9kbaKUjUu-00437-00145028-00145236 you want to know how many people are going to be on the ship. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00438-00145253-00145381 Is there water on the moon? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00439-00145392-00145841 And so everything you design has to be in accordance with the physical reality. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00440-00145858-00146329 People speculate about how many people the Earth can sustain and support. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00441-00146392-00146721 First you have to do research and find out 0u9kbaKUjUu-00442-00146781-00146982 how much energy we have. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00443-00147015-00147337 The first thing we have to do is take a survey of just what we have 0u9kbaKUjUu-00444-00147403-00147724 and where the arable land is, where the water is, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00445-00147758-00148067 where most of the population is, what the illnesses are. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00446-00148078-00148182 We have to take many 0u9kbaKUjUu-00447-00148239-00148577 surveys of where the technical personnel are, where the needs are, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00448-00148613-00148880 and that dictates what we do where. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00449-00149114-00149337 We have to learn how to manage 0u9kbaKUjUu-00450-00149366-00149816 real economics, not for profit, for human betterment. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00451-00149860-00150190 Then you'll see the beginning of the civilized world. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00452-00150215-00150406 And once we get that in, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00453-00150440-00150696 children will not understand how 0u9kbaKUjUu-00454-00150717-00150963 we couldn't see that in the old days. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00455-00150978-00151188 They'll say “Dad wasn't that obvious 0u9kbaKUjUu-00456-00151201-00151481 that if you live to yourself you die to yourself?” 0u9kbaKUjUu-00457-00151522-00151700 You're talking revolution. - No. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00458-00151712-00151956 When society breaks down-... - Technical revolution. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00459-00151992-00152344 But when society breaks down, then they'll want to do it a different way. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00460-00152394-00152601 I'm sorry about that, but it seems 0u9kbaKUjUu-00461-00152636-00153023 that conditions were so abusive in some lands 0u9kbaKUjUu-00462-00153046-00153451 that they put in socialism, communism, whatever, or fascism 0u9kbaKUjUu-00463-00153480-00153760 that fits the conditions that people live under. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00464-00153881-00154044 None of them are the solution. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00465-00154065-00154378 All governments all through history have been corrupt. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00466-00154406-00154749 Our priorities are all screwed up within the system 0u9kbaKUjUu-00467-00154788-00155009 because it's wealth, property and power. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00468-00155080-00155291 And within a Resource Based Economy 0u9kbaKUjUu-00469-00155302-00155599 it's the protection of the environment and the well-being of people. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00470-00155889-00156270 When few nations control most of the earth's resources 0u9kbaKUjUu-00471-00156299-00156422 you're going to have trouble. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00472-00156451-00156718 You're going to have territorial disputes, wars. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00473-00156731-00156932 No matter how many treaties you sign 0u9kbaKUjUu-00474-00156977-00157166 or no matter how many laws you make, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00475-00157235-00157481 it won't stop that condition. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00476-00157631-00157740 The human condition, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00477-00157772-00158048 which causes people to invade other lands, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00478-00158073-00158445 torture people, build armies to protect what they have, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00479-00158496-00158735 this is not going to work, it never has worked. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00480-00158763-00158951 It's as old as man. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00481-00158971-00159482 So what we need is an entirely different approach to the human problem, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00482-00159552-00159868 and preserving the earth for the future; future generations. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00483-00160622-00161062 At age 100, Jacque's vast body of work gets recognition in a fine art museum exhibition. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00484-00161078-00161376 We've come to Naples Florida today to check out the Baker Museum 0u9kbaKUjUu-00485-00161389-00161648 who have curated a beautiful exhibition. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00486-00161676-00161914 We've made it up to the exhibition hall where 0u9kbaKUjUu-00487-00161925-00162203 Jacque Fresco's life's work is on display 0u9kbaKUjUu-00488-00162224-00162528 decade by decade through an entire century 0u9kbaKUjUu-00489-00162540-00162882 starting from the 1910s through the 2010s. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00490-00162913-00163047 We're here with Frank Verpoorten, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00491-00163059-00163343 the Director and Chief Curator of the Baker Museum. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00492-00163356-00163488 We'd like to learn first of all, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00493-00163510-00163781 what made you decide to house this exhibition at the Baker? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00494-00163819-00164090 We are the first venue I believe, on record, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00495-00164121-00164422 the first in the United States, to devote an exhibition to this subject. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00496-00164439-00164624 The impetus really for this came from 0u9kbaKUjUu-00497-00164635-00164790 the portrait of Jacque Fresco 0u9kbaKUjUu-00498-00164801-00165092 that Harry de Zitter took I believe in 2013. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00499-00165121-00165321 It's been a good response really, I mean... 0u9kbaKUjUu-00500-00165409-00165594 you're going to think this is funny, but especially 0u9kbaKUjUu-00501-00165608-00165841 the response also from different media, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00502-00165884-00166032 and so many different 0u9kbaKUjUu-00503-00166182-00166363 young filmmakers who are interested in 0u9kbaKUjUu-00504-00166375-00166652 this person and what he's accomplished so far. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00505-00166680-00166884 Recently I was here with an architect 0u9kbaKUjUu-00506-00167021-00167444 who saw the exhibition for about 20 minutes, was not familiar with this artist, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00507-00167456-00167778 even though this architect is in his mid- to late 50s. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00508-00167807-00167972 And he said "This is so remarkable!" 0u9kbaKUjUu-00509-00167984-00168139 and he was looking at some of the designs 0u9kbaKUjUu-00510-00168171-00168326 and he said "I can show you 0u9kbaKUjUu-00511-00168434-00168983 some architects or designers who are working on this sort of concept right now." 0u9kbaKUjUu-00512-00169000-00169339 In Jacque's case, these were designs that he made in the '60s or '70s. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00513-00169387-00169635 These are the '50s, these are pretty futuristic considering 0u9kbaKUjUu-00514-00169646-00169906 we didn't send a rocket to the moon until 1969. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00515-00169923-00170140 For the '50s, these are pretty ahead of their time. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00516-00170151-00170304 But also look at how, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00517-00170359-00170659 how serious he took himself from the very early days. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00518-00170677-00170822 This is really remarkable. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00519-00170850-00171054 He knew he was on something very big and 0u9kbaKUjUu-00520-00171067-00171250 it means you have to take yourself seriously. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00521-00171261-00171448 We're very proud that we were the first 0u9kbaKUjUu-00522-00171566-00171829 to bridge this topic. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00523-00172065-00172373 Now It's Up To You 0u9kbaKUjUu-00524-00172384-00172787 So the Resource Based Economy is the nonprofit organization. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00525-00172798-00173016 Say they're inspired. What do you want them to do? 0u9kbaKUjUu-00526-00173068-00173227 Well we'd like them to come to our website. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00527-00173240-00173492 Read more about it; there's a lot more information there. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00528-00173504-00173913 And go to the “Get Involved” section where you can see all of our different teams 0u9kbaKUjUu-00529-00173928-00174019 if you'd like to help out. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00530-00174047-00174370 And we are working on the blueprints for our next project 0u9kbaKUjUu-00531-00174382-00174638 which is called “Center for Resource Management,” 0u9kbaKUjUu-00532-00174681-00174924 which will include exhibitions of the future. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00533-00174973-00175376 We would also have a huge media center, an educational center, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00534-00175390-00175631 research and development, and much more. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00535-00175644-00175848 We really welcome your help, we need your help, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00536-00175859-00176011 we're not going to get there any other way. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00537-00176051-00176404 The problems that this culture generates are endless. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00538-00176459-00176825 And that's why it's so important to show an alternative direction. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00539-00176836-00177201 We don't even know what it means to be civilized yet, in this culture. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00540-00177214-00177540 As long as we have war and poverty and prisons, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00541-00177551-00177649 we're not civilized. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00542-00177660-00177953 We have the ability to do such wonderful things. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00543-00178366-00178620 So there it is, we visited The Venus Project. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00544-00178648-00179118 Jacque and Roxanne couldn't have been more welcoming and informative and inspiring. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00545-00179150-00179339 And we're taking this knowledge with us 0u9kbaKUjUu-00546-00179353-00179534 and we are here to inspire you. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00547-00179561-00179855 We urge you to watch their documentaries, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00548-00179870-00180120 go to their website, read more, do the research, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00549-00180136-00180436 and come support this important project 0u9kbaKUjUu-00550-00180448-00180760 that really gives some new hope for us all. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00551-00180811-00180899 Thanks for being with us. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00552-00180915-00181117 Special Thanks to The Venus Project 0u9kbaKUjUu-00553-00181128-00181340 Executive Producer Evan Gary Hirsch 0u9kbaKUjUu-00554-00181351-00181502 Producer Kip Baldwin 0u9kbaKUjUu-00555-00181528-00181690 I didn't expect to walk by and see alligators. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00556-00182249-00182790 To see an 81-years-old Palestinian and a 31-year-old Israeli 0u9kbaKUjUu-00557-00182805-00183092 share the same visions about peace and about love 0u9kbaKUjUu-00558-00183105-00183292 and it's the perfect place to do it. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00559-00183303-00183473 Director of Photography John Diaz 0u9kbaKUjUu-00560-00183484-00183697 Editor, Post Production & Additional Footage Joel Holt 0u9kbaKUjUu-00561-00183713-00183924 Camera & Drone Operator Raliegh Latham 0u9kbaKUjUu-00562-00183945-00184148 ♫ This is our last chance ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00563-00184160-00184336 Jacque is a great visionary 0u9kbaKUjUu-00564-00184358-00184703 bringing people to understand what a world without war, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00565-00184715-00184881 without money, would look like, 0u9kbaKUjUu-00566-00184919-00185451 ♫ Maybe we can still have our last dance ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00567-00185595-00185780 ...where we have global resource management 0u9kbaKUjUu-00568-00185815-00186077 in cooperation, not competition. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00569-00186727-00186994 A special heartfelt thanks to Roxanne Meadows for her assistance & consulting on this project 0u9kbaKUjUu-00570-00187005-00187372 To learn more about The Venus Project visit thevenusproject.com 0u9kbaKUjUu-00571-00187392-00187707 ♫ One last chance ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00572-00187774-00188033 ♫ One last chance ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00573-00188222-00188755 ♫ To love ♪ 0u9kbaKUjUu-00574-00189110-00189550 If we fail to accept the responsibility for our own future 0u9kbaKUjUu-00575-00189573-00189734 there will BE no future. 0u9kbaKUjUu-00576-00189745-00189948 Jacque Fresco 1916 - 2017 0u9kbaKUjUu-00577-00190039-00190430 Learn more at www.soulDocumentary.love 0uS8u32sEQo-00000-00000003-00000117 This is Social Confidential, 0uS8u32sEQo-00001-00000120-00000413 where Adweek's social media editors take a look behind the logo to find out 0uS8u32sEQo-00002-00000441-00000624 who's tweeting and sharing for major brands. 0uS8u32sEQo-00003-00000669-00000891 I'm Julian Gamboa and I'm here with Victoria Tran, 0uS8u32sEQo-00004-00000924-00001296 someone who we will definitely not vote out because not only is she not sus, 0uS8u32sEQo-00005-00001302-00001682 but she's also community director at Innersloth and the face behind the popular 0uS8u32sEQo-00006-00001683-00001821 game and social powerhouse, Among Us. Today, 0uS8u32sEQo-00007-00002402-00002687 we're playing Among Us with you and a bunch of Adweekers. 0uS8u32sEQo-00008-00002741-00002960 Let's get to the questions before we get voted out. 0uS8u32sEQo-00009-00002993-00003260 What really stands out from the Twitter account is that the game's account 0uS8u32sEQo-00010-00003260-00003596 replies to many of the replies you get on your posts. 0uS8u32sEQo-00011-00003602-00003770 How have some of these interactions been? 0uS8u32sEQo-00012-00003908-00004172 It's been super fun, especially when other brands kind of jump in, 0uS8u32sEQo-00013-00004172-00004643 but also just like the kinds of things that I see our community doing together. 0uS8u32sEQo-00014-00004643-00004949 So like sometimes there's fan art of the reply. 0uS8u32sEQo-00015-00004951-00005291 Sometimes there's fan art of the tweets and just the sense of community that 0uS8u32sEQo-00016-00005297-00005453 comes from it is really great. 0uS8u32sEQo-00017-00005459-00005900 And I've seen numerous other brands have replied to when I just tweeted "hi." 0uS8u32sEQo-00018-00005900-00006236 And this was this whole thread of just a bunch of friends. 0uS8u32sEQo-00019-00006236-00006584 And it was really cool because as you know, we all work kind of in that space. 0uS8u32sEQo-00020-00006584-00006680 It's like, oh, I, 0uS8u32sEQo-00021-00006704-00007133 I know these people or I see these people and it's kind of like talking to your 0uS8u32sEQo-00022-00007159-00007187 friends. 0uS8u32sEQo-00023-00007187-00007379 So we got our third kill in this game. 0uS8u32sEQo-00024-00007436-00007490 Oh. 0uS8u32sEQo-00025-00007490-00007838 I saw B Train in electrical. I saw a body there. 0uS8u32sEQo-00026-00007838-00008036 So I don't know if someone else vented after they killed. 0uS8u32sEQo-00027-00008186-00008309 Why did Kenny vote for me? What the heck? 0uS8u32sEQo-00028-00008409-00008480 Trust nobody. 0uS8u32sEQo-00029-00008618-00008750 Oh. 0uS8u32sEQo-00030-00008800-00008981 OK, Hatzu was not an imposter. I'm sorry, Hatzu. 0uS8u32sEQo-00031-00009128-00009413 We're still alive, Victoria. Your community is super engaged, 0uS8u32sEQo-00032-00009413-00009536 as you just mentioned. 0uS8u32sEQo-00033-00009557-00009779 How do you best nurture that activity and encourage more to do so? 0uS8u32sEQo-00034-00009902-00010334 That's why I try to respond so much and why I try to just not make it like I'm 0uS8u32sEQo-00035-00010334-00010636 talking to an audience, but like there's an actual community going on. 0uS8u32sEQo-00036-00010638-00010997 Like everyone's interacting with each other and people feel like they matter. 0uS8u32sEQo-00037-00010997-00011270 And that, uh, you know, they're contributing to this space, 0uS8u32sEQo-00038-00011273-00011687 whether it's an eight-year-old and their parent is posting their drawing, 0uS8u32sEQo-00039-00011693-00011867 I try to respond to it. 0uS8u32sEQo-00040-00011873-00012173 And I think that really helps encourage everything and like make people feel 0uS8u32sEQo-00041-00012173-00012482 like they matter and that they're seen, because I think that's, again, 0uS8u32sEQo-00042-00012491-00012821 what social media does for us. It's like you matter. And you're seen, 0uS8u32sEQo-00043-00012854-00012956 and also we won. 0uS8u32sEQo-00044-00013730-00014119 All right, we're back for game two. It is time that we have to have that talk. 0uS8u32sEQo-00045-00014144-00014561 We have to talk about the bone tweet. Is Bean Bone anatomy canon now. 0uS8u32sEQo-00046-00014569-00014678 And how have the fans embraced it? 0uS8u32sEQo-00047-00014678-00015169 I think the great thing is because Among Us is all kind of about having being 0uS8u32sEQo-00048-00015170-00015452 a little bit silly and having a sense of humor. 0uS8u32sEQo-00049-00015455-00015944 The crewmate anatomy has been very widely embraced ... and I'm dead. 0uS8u32sEQo-00050-00016019-00016442 When the lights went off, I saw Nick going the opposite way. 0uS8u32sEQo-00051-00016502-00016760 Darkcan is Nick, everybody, I would suggest just vote Nick out. 0uS8u32sEQo-00052-00016823-00016949 I would not suggest doing that. 0uS8u32sEQo-00053-00016949-00017084 That's suspect. 0uS8u32sEQo-00054-00017141-00017405 I fixed the one set of cables then I went to the other one and you followed me. 0uS8u32sEQo-00055-00017459-00017825 Why were you on my back so close? Were you planning another murder? 0uS8u32sEQo-00056-00017825-00017872 I'm following you, Julian. I'll follow you. 0uS8u32sEQo-00057-00018150-00018531 Something I love from your account is that you interact outside of your 0uS8u32sEQo-00058-00018531-00018602 community a lot. 0uS8u32sEQo-00059-00018762-00019044 I think it's sort of an advantage of indie games. 0uS8u32sEQo-00060-00019047-00019254 There's less of like an approval process. 0uS8u32sEQo-00061-00019260-00019482 I kind of just get to post whatever I like. 0uS8u32sEQo-00062-00019485-00019884 It gives me a certain ability to react really fast to things, 0uS8u32sEQo-00063-00019884-00020112 but also be a little bit more casual to things, right? 0uS8u32sEQo-00064-00020112-00020532 And it's not necessarily just about competition between games. 0uS8u32sEQo-00065-00020532-00020862 It's more of a celebration of games and being excited for each other. 0uS8u32sEQo-00066-00020889-00021120 And I think that's a really nice thing that I get to do. 0uS8u32sEQo-00067-00021165-00021351 Here's a tweet that Victoria Tran wants you to see. 0uS8u32sEQo-00068-00021408-00021846 Is there any real strategy behind the tweet? No, 0uS8u32sEQo-00069-00021846-00022239 it's a very cursed tweet of an Among Us crewmate with legs. 0uS8u32sEQo-00070-00022269-00022632 The crewmate shape is a classic one and you technically shouldn't change it, 0uS8u32sEQo-00071-00022632-00022788 but also what if you just did? 0uS8u32sEQo-00072-00022800-00023010 And as we said that, another body was reported. 0uS8u32sEQo-00073-00023049-00023193 I haven't seen B Train in awhile. 0uS8u32sEQo-00074-00023463-00023796 What are some things to keep in mind for brands looking to enter the gaming 0uS8u32sEQo-00075-00023796-00023904 community correctly? 0uS8u32sEQo-00076-00023928-00024252 I think that if you're trying to interact with game communities and be a part of 0uS8u32sEQo-00077-00024252-00024693 that space, it's to understand that it's like books or movies or TV. 0uS8u32sEQo-00078-00024693-00025146 It's not this weird thing. It still shocks me sometimes when people are like, 0uS8u32sEQo-00079-00025146-00025488 I can't believe like a game got popular and it's in the mainstream. 0uS8u32sEQo-00080-00025488-00025827 It's like lots of people play games and it's not like this weird, 0uS8u32sEQo-00081-00025848-00026193 like off thing that no one has ever heard of. So just, you know, 0uS8u32sEQo-00082-00026193-00026592 wanting to genuinely interact with the people and get to know the space will 0uS8u32sEQo-00083-00026592-00026675 take you far. 0uS8u32sEQo-00084-00026757-00027048 B Train and Kenny were the imposters and the imposters have been killing it. 0uS8u32sEQo-00085-00027051-00027480 Literally. All right. We're back for our third and final game. So Victoria, 0uS8u32sEQo-00086-00027483-00027738 tell us how you ended up as a community director for Innersloth? 0uS8u32sEQo-00087-00027789-00028283 I was the communications director at another indie game studio called Kitfox 0uS8u32sEQo-00088-00028284-00028367 games. 0uS8u32sEQo-00089-00028370-00028617 And what drove you to continue your path in gaming? 0uS8u32sEQo-00090-00028626-00028952 I love games. I'm very lucky and cursed, 0uS8u32sEQo-00091-00028958-00029406 I guess at the same time to have my passion be both my job and my hobby. 0uS8u32sEQo-00092-00029408-00029769 I started working in it and I honestly, I love the sense of community. 0uS8u32sEQo-00093-00029769-00030135 I love how fun it is obviously. And also again, 0uS8u32sEQo-00094-00030150-00030606 the ways that I see games and the industry working together, 0uS8u32sEQo-00095-00030681-00030764 uh ... it's really nice. 0uS8u32sEQo-00096-00030924-00031386 You actually do some livestreaming on your side right? 0uS8u32sEQo-00097-00031416-00031589 Now I only livestream when I have time, 0uS8u32sEQo-00098-00031593-00031989 because since we're only a team of eight, uh, it's quite small. 0uS8u32sEQo-00099-00031995-00032148 So I often, you know, 0uS8u32sEQo-00100-00032148-00032463 end up being very busy and not being able to livestream myself, 0uS8u32sEQo-00101-00032466-00032549 but it's a lot of fun. 0uS8u32sEQo-00102-00032613-00032784 It wasn't me. I was fixing everything. 0uS8u32sEQo-00103-00032847-00032930 Oh ok. Can you be more specific? 0uS8u32sEQo-00104-00033126-00033209 As to what? 0uS8u32sEQo-00105-00033234-00033324 What were you fixing? 0uS8u32sEQo-00106-00033378-00033560 Some wires and then I flipped. 0uS8u32sEQo-00107-00033654-00033882 It's always wires. the wires again. Yeah, it's the only thing I know how to do. 0uS8u32sEQo-00108-00033882-00034044 If I go to the any of the other ones, I don't know what to press. Bye, Hatzu. 0uS8u32sEQo-00109-00034272-00034545 Let's go! You did it! 0uS8u32sEQo-00110-00034545-00034857 What's a quick piece of advice you have for other social media managers? 0uS8u32sEQo-00111-00034893-00035388 My best piece of advice that I practice myself all the time honestly, 0uS8u32sEQo-00112-00035409-00035622 is to just fail at things. 0uS8u32sEQo-00113-00035643-00036092 I found my best work to happen when I've been allowed to try things 0uS8u32sEQo-00114-00036134-00036368 and test things because like, you know, social media moves so fast, 0uS8u32sEQo-00115-00036368-00036788 trends move so fast and not allowing yourself to like, 0uS8u32sEQo-00116-00036788-00037133 just give yourself time to, you know, have something be a little bit imperfect, 0uS8u32sEQo-00117-00037133-00037406 but you know, uh, really on the ball, uh, or, you know, 0uS8u32sEQo-00118-00037406-00037619 have to just try something and have it not do that great, 0uS8u32sEQo-00119-00037649-00037799 in terms of engagement or something. 0uS8u32sEQo-00120-00037799-00038210 I think you learn a lot more from your failures than from reading about people 0uS8u32sEQo-00121-00038210-00038705 who've done really well. Wow. 0uS8u32sEQo-00122-00038776-00039145 I literally said that Julian's a murderer and no one listened. 0uS8u32sEQo-00123-00039208-00039505 Victoria, thank you so much for joining and playing with us. I had a great time. 0uS8u32sEQo-00124-00039613-00040018 I had an amazing time too minus, you know, being murdered a couple of times, 0uS8u32sEQo-00125-00040018-00040210 but I had a lot of fun. Thank you for having me. 0uS8u32sEQo-00126-00040270-00040564 I'm Julian Gamboa and this is Social Confidential. See you next time. 0vfo2pNblN0-00000-00000246-00000900 foreign 0vfo2pNblN0-00001-00001044-00001686 are you searching for a home in a 55 plus community that matches your criteria and future 0vfo2pNblN0-00002-00001686-00002586 budget and to be more specific an affordable home that you will enjoy living in well there's a nice 0vfo2pNblN0-00003-00002586-00003234 community for you to consider called the farm at Ingleside in Iron Station a suburb of Charlotte 0vfo2pNblN0-00004-00003234-00003929 North Carolina I have other videos that show high-end communities in the Charlotte area 0vfo2pNblN0-00005-00003984-00004536 but in this video I will show you this more affordable active adult or 0vfo2pNblN0-00006-00004536-00005076 55 plus community near Lake Norman stick around it's coming right up 0vfo2pNblN0-00007-00005514-00006114 hello there my name is Lynn Alvarez your realtor and broker with The Ally Group Real Estate in 0vfo2pNblN0-00008-00006114-00006714 Charlotte North Carolina if this is your first time on our Channel please smash that subscribe 0vfo2pNblN0-00009-00006714-00007523 button below like this video and ring the bell so that you're notified when we have a new video when 0vfo2pNblN0-00010-00007523-00008244 most people retire they rely on their social security income some savings and or pension 0vfo2pNblN0-00011-00008304-00008868 whatever your source of income is it is very important to know your budget before you 0vfo2pNblN0-00012-00008868-00009546 purchase your forever home it is very easy to get carried away when you are searching online 0vfo2pNblN0-00013-00009546-00010386 and looking at beautiful homes in communities with amazing amenities the pandemic has brought 0vfo2pNblN0-00014-00010386-00011214 huge nationwide changes in real estate jacking up home prices due to a shortage of inventory over 0vfo2pNblN0-00015-00011214-00011808 the past two years we get calls all the time from people seeking a home under three hundred 0vfo2pNblN0-00016-00011808-00012474 thousand dollars in a 55 plus community and sorry to say it just doesn't exist in our market 0vfo2pNblN0-00017-00012582-00013152 in the Charlotte market the lowest price you'll find for a new construction in a 0vfo2pNblN0-00018-00013152-00013776 55 plus community is just under four hundred thousand dollars for a three bedroom two bath 0vfo2pNblN0-00019-00013776-00014400 fifteen eighty eight square feet home guess where this is what I'm talking about today 0vfo2pNblN0-00020-00014490-00015204 the farm at Ingleside is an age-restricted 55 plus community located in Iron Station North Carolina 0vfo2pNblN0-00021-00015204-00016068 it is just a mile away from Trilogy Lake Norman a high-end 55 plus community in Denver this DR 0vfo2pNblN0-00022-00016068-00016926 Horton Community has two sections one is 955 plus with mostly two-story homes and the other section 0vfo2pNblN0-00023-00016926-00017670 is the active adult community that I'm talking about today for this section you have the option 0vfo2pNblN0-00024-00017670-00018426 to buy a one-story home or one and a half story home with a loft a bedroom and full bath on the 0vfo2pNblN0-00025-00018426-00019068 second floor in essence it is a two-story home but we call ranches with limited living areas upstairs 0vfo2pNblN0-00026-00019158-00019890 a one and a half story the farm at Ingleside section for active adults opened last year 2021 0vfo2pNblN0-00027-00019890-00020718 it has a total of 139 home sites and right now 40 sites remain most of those are for 0vfo2pNblN0-00028-00020718-00021264 inventory homes so you should hurry if you want to be a part of this amazing community 0vfo2pNblN0-00029-00021378-00022104 the farm at ingleside offers several floor plans ranging from two to four bedrooms two to three 0vfo2pNblN0-00030-00022104-00023232 baths and 1600 to 2700 square feet today there are 26 active homes ready to purchase ranging from 389 0vfo2pNblN0-00031-00023232-00024108 000 to 505 000 dollars if you want to see these homes check out the description below I'd like to 0vfo2pNblN0-00032-00024108-00024642 show you the model home for the one and a half story Bristol floor plan with three bedrooms 0vfo2pNblN0-00033-00024642-00025356 three baths a flex room that can be converted into an office a great room with fireplace a 0vfo2pNblN0-00034-00025356-00026177 kitchen with white cabinets quartz countertops gas range and a walk-in pantry the second floor 0vfo2pNblN0-00035-00026177-00026820 has a loft a bedroom and full bath there are many included features when you purchase a 0vfo2pNblN0-00036-00026820-00027564 home in this community for instance you'll notice that crown moldings and chair rails are plentiful 0vfo2pNblN0-00037-00027636-00028266 the farm at Ingleside has easy access to key parts of Charlotte it is just minutes away from 0vfo2pNblN0-00038-00028266-00028932 renowned Lake Norman the largest man-made lake in North Carolina only 20 minutes from Charlotte 0vfo2pNblN0-00039-00028932-00029808 Douglas International Airport and 30 minutes from uptown Charlotte via Highway 16. this community in 0vfo2pNblN0-00040-00029808-00030372 Iron Station is just four minutes from Denver's main shopping center where you'll find Walmart 0vfo2pNblN0-00041-00030372-00031338 Lowe's Home Improvement Harris Teeter, Food Lion, and Publix Supermarkets, banks, fine dining, fast 0vfo2pNblN0-00042-00031338-00032088 food restaurants, medical and dental offices. if you want to visit the popular shopping dining or movie 0vfo2pNblN0-00043-00032088-00032916 theater in Birkdale Village in Huntersville it is just a short drive away on Highway 73. if you're 0vfo2pNblN0-00044-00032916-00033570 into boating you'll find several launches nearby to hit the water and have fun on Lake Norman 0vfo2pNblN0-00045-00033666-00034320 amenities of the farm include a clubhouse with great room fireplace kitchenette fitness 0vfo2pNblN0-00046-00034320-00035028 center a zero entry pool pickleball court and bocce ball court and future walking trails 0vfo2pNblN0-00047-00035106-00035862 some folks we talked to want to have an indoor pool unfortunately this community has an outdoor 0vfo2pNblN0-00048-00035862-00036606 pool only however there is a YMCA in Denver you can join if you want more water activities 0vfo2pNblN0-00049-00036684-00037512 the HOA fee for the 55 plus section is a reasonable 162 dollars and fifty cents per month 0vfo2pNblN0-00050-00037566-00038454 which includes use of the amenities and lawn maintenance this is how the fee breaks down 750 0vfo2pNblN0-00051-00038454-00039186 dollars per year for use of the 55 plus amenities and those shared with the other section in the 0vfo2pNblN0-00052-00039186-00039822 community and one hundred dollars per month for yard maintenance with the time you'll save 0vfo2pNblN0-00053-00039822-00040458 from your low maintenance yard you can easily pursue almost any activity that comes to mind 0vfo2pNblN0-00054-00040578-00041274 there's one thing I want to emphasize if you are interested in new construction please do 0vfo2pNblN0-00055-00041274-00041808 not register on the Builder's website or visit the Builder sales office without 0vfo2pNblN0-00056-00041808-00042498 a real estate agent because one should do you may not be able to bring your own agent later 0vfo2pNblN0-00057-00042582-00043110 Builders deny commission to a buyer's agent if we're not in the initial contact 0vfo2pNblN0-00058-00043218-00043800 since our commission is built into the price of the home there is no benefit for you to 0vfo2pNblN0-00059-00043800-00044526 build a home without agent representation our service includes attending construction meetings 0vfo2pNblN0-00060-00044580-00045384 advising on and attending inspections new homeowner orientations final walkthroughs 0vfo2pNblN0-00061-00045438-00046260 coordinating Communications between lenders the closing attorney's office and our clients and 0vfo2pNblN0-00062-00046260-00046986 review of closing disclosures the rep you meet at the builder's model or online represents a builder 0vfo2pNblN0-00063-00046986-00047658 or seller and does not do anything of this for you please contact me if you have any questions 0vfo2pNblN0-00064-00047658-00048486 about this visit our website for active adult or 55 plus communities at charlotteactiveadults.com 0vfo2pNblN0-00065-00048612-00049296 leave a comment below if you have any questions or concerns so what do you think of the farm at 0vfo2pNblN0-00066-00049296-00049962 Ingleside this is the most affordable Active Adult Community in Greater Charlotte located 0vfo2pNblN0-00067-00049962-00050814 conveniently with amenities lots of included features and quality built homes surrounded 0vfo2pNblN0-00068-00050814-00051498 by conveniences and with low maintenance living will this be your private retreat 0vfo2pNblN0-00069-00051600-00052236 there are only a few homes left so hurry and call me if you're interested is affordability 0vfo2pNblN0-00070-00052236-00052938 and quality of life important to you if so contact me as soon as possible before the 0vfo2pNblN0-00071-00052938-00053544 farm at Ingleside sells out thanks so much for watching this video and please subscribe 0vfo2pNblN0-00072-00053544-00054479 below if you haven't already done so have a wonderful day see you next time 0wrRAsAmxNk-00000-00000126-00000333 Drew Linsalata: This week on the anxious truth, we are talking 0wrRAsAmxNk-00001-00000333-00000702 about how two very different paths can lead to the very same 0wrRAsAmxNk-00002-00000702-00001005 anxiety destination. I have special guest Jen Kirkman on the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00003-00001005-00001158 podcast, so let's go 0wrRAsAmxNk-00004-00002028-00002298 Hello, everybody. Welcome back to the anxious truth. This is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00005-00002298-00002706 podcast number 198 198. We are recording at the end of February 0wrRAsAmxNk-00006-00002706-00003066 2022. If you are new to the podcast, I am Drew Linsalata, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00007-00003066-00003347 creator and host of the anxious truth. This is the podcast that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00008-00003347-00003696 focuses on all things anxiety and anxiety recovery. So if 0wrRAsAmxNk-00009-00003696-00003906 you're struggling with things like panic attacks or panic 0wrRAsAmxNk-00010-00003906-00004218 disorder, agoraphobia, OCD, social anxiety, health anxiety, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00011-00004245-00004512 this is the place to be I'm glad you're here. And of course, if 0wrRAsAmxNk-00012-00004512-00004821 you are a returning listener or viewer on YouTube, Hey, YouTube, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00013-00004869-00005133 welcome back. I'm glad you're here. As always, today, we're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00014-00005133-00005328 going to have a really interesting conversation about 0wrRAsAmxNk-00015-00005328-00005592 how people from very different backgrounds with different 0wrRAsAmxNk-00016-00005592-00005922 mindsets and different emotional and thinking styles can wind up 0wrRAsAmxNk-00017-00005922-00006270 in the exact same place with the same exact anxiety disorders. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00018-00006297-00006465 We're gonna have that conversation with my friend Jen 0wrRAsAmxNk-00019-00006465-00006738 Kirkman, I guess she's my friend we just met last week. But we've 0wrRAsAmxNk-00020-00006738-00007020 done two podcasts together. So now Yeah, We're BFFs. Now. So 0wrRAsAmxNk-00021-00007020-00007320 Jen, if you don't know her, which I bet a lot of you do is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00022-00007320-00007683 got a tremendous life going on. She is a stand up comic, she is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00023-00007683-00008022 an author, she is a TV writer, she is a performer, she has a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00024-00008022-00008274 podcast, or she's been all over the place. So there's a good 0wrRAsAmxNk-00025-00008274-00008499 chance, you know, Jen Kirkman already but if you don't, you're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00026-00008499-00008763 going to get to know her today. She's really great. And she's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00027-00008763-00009042 going to talk about her anxiety journey. And she's going to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00028-00009042-00009297 laugh when she hears that, because we've kind of both don't 0wrRAsAmxNk-00029-00009297-00009525 want to use the word journey anymore. We're gonna talk about 0wrRAsAmxNk-00030-00009525-00009795 where she was and how she got into her anxiety situation to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00031-00009795-00009999 kind of compare it to me, because we could not have been 0wrRAsAmxNk-00032-00009999-00010239 any different. But we weren't in the same place. And what does 0wrRAsAmxNk-00033-00010239-00010476 that tell us? So we're gonna talk to Jen about that. She's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00034-00010476-00010692 going to talk about how she got better and what her life looks 0wrRAsAmxNk-00035-00010692-00010965 like now, it's really great conversation. So let's get to it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00036-00010965-00011265 in a minute. Before we do. And I will give you all the details, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00037-00011265-00011502 by the way, and where to find Jen and her podcast. She has a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00038-00011502-00011724 great podcast called anxiety bites. I'll have that at the end 0wrRAsAmxNk-00039-00011724-00012033 and in the details there. But yeah, before we do, I just want 0wrRAsAmxNk-00040-00012033-00012255 to remind you that the anxious truth is more than just this 0wrRAsAmxNk-00041-00012255-00012564 podcast episode. There's a whole lot more. There's three books 0wrRAsAmxNk-00042-00012564-00012888 and anxiety recovery. There's seven years worth of other 0wrRAsAmxNk-00043-00012888-00013137 podcast episodes as a ton of social media stuff. And there's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00044-00013137-00013446 my morning newsletter, email newsletter and podcast called 0wrRAsAmxNk-00045-00013446-00013761 The anxious morning, you can find all of that on my website 0wrRAsAmxNk-00046-00013761-00014058 at the anxious truth, calm, go avail yourself of all the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00047-00014058-00014391 resources, I implore you, they're all there. And most 0wrRAsAmxNk-00048-00014391-00014637 everything is free. The books are even very inexpensive. And 0wrRAsAmxNk-00049-00014637-00014826 they're great books. And if you have them already, and you're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00050-00014826-00015122 digging them, maybe write me some reviews on Amazon. So yeah, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00051-00015122-00015330 check out all the stuff I have to offer on my website at the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00052-00015330-00015597 anxious treat calm. So that little bit of housekeeping 0wrRAsAmxNk-00053-00015600-00015903 aside, and bill paying aside, let's get on with the interview 0wrRAsAmxNk-00054-00015903-00016113 with Jen, I'll be back at the end to wrap it up and give you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00055-00016113-00016395 all of her details and all the links and all the good stuff. So 0wrRAsAmxNk-00056-00016395-00016650 let's get to it. You're gonna dig it. Alrighty, Jen Kirkman, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00057-00016650-00016776 welcome to the podcast. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00058-00016851-00017151 Unknown: It's truly an honor to be here. Drew, thank you so much 0wrRAsAmxNk-00059-00017193-00017463 Drew Linsalata: for having me. I appreciate you taking the time i 0wrRAsAmxNk-00060-00017472-00017709 You got to be just jam packed every day. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00061-00017880-00018189 Unknown: Every day because I have like a normal, have a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00062-00018189-00018414 writing job. But it's like a normal, like go to work and be 0wrRAsAmxNk-00063-00018414-00018831 there all day. So you got me on a work from home day. So this is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00064-00018834-00019191 great. You know how it is. It's like, My life isn't busy. But 0wrRAsAmxNk-00065-00019191-00019440 when you can't like leave somewhere for eight hours a day 0wrRAsAmxNk-00066-00019485-00019698 on it's a whole different animal feel busier because you're doing 0wrRAsAmxNk-00067-00019698-00019977 stuff before and after work, but very much different than 0wrRAsAmxNk-00068-00019977-00020028 anywhere else. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00069-00020076-00020265 Drew Linsalata: So what I want to talk about today, and for 0wrRAsAmxNk-00070-00020265-00020574 those of you who you know, I mentioned in the intro, and at 0wrRAsAmxNk-00071-00020574-00020751 the end of the episode, I'm going to give you all Jen's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00072-00020751-00021018 links and everything over to her podcast, which is called anxiety 0wrRAsAmxNk-00073-00021018-00021264 bytes, which is such a good name. I don't know how come I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00074-00021264-00021465 didn't think of that. But that's a great name. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00075-00021501-00021729 Unknown: And you know, as a Gen X, or you got to appreciate it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00076-00021732-00021918 that it's a nod to the movie Reality Bites 0wrRAsAmxNk-00077-00021924-00022308 Drew Linsalata: 100%. So, which leads us into today's topic. So 0wrRAsAmxNk-00078-00022311-00022527 for those of you who did not know Jim jank give us like the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00079-00022527-00022818 Reader's Digest version of like, tell us your anxiety journey 0wrRAsAmxNk-00080-00022818-00023028 because you know, you haven't told it already. 100,000 times 0wrRAsAmxNk-00081-00023028-00023157 but but 0wrRAsAmxNk-00082-00023205-00023385 Unknown: we're gonna jump to something smaller. And by the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00083-00023385-00023964 way, you just said the word journey. And I met and then 0wrRAsAmxNk-00084-00023964-00024396 you're like, I do it all the time. Yeah, basically had panic 0wrRAsAmxNk-00085-00024396-00024699 attacks since I was I don't know, probably eight years old 0wrRAsAmxNk-00086-00024699-00024918 was the first one I remember it had to do with being on an 0wrRAsAmxNk-00087-00024918-00025407 airplane. So that was mainly you know, my first foray was a fear 0wrRAsAmxNk-00088-00025407-00025773 of flying. And the panic attacks happened on airplanes. And then 0wrRAsAmxNk-00089-00025776-00026073 they started happening in other places, basically, anything 0wrRAsAmxNk-00090-00026073-00026364 associated with travel or feeling trapped, maybe if I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00091-00026382-00026676 in the backseat of my parents car on the way to grandma's. And 0wrRAsAmxNk-00092-00026676-00027033 we were stuck in traffic on the highway, you know, then it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00093-00027033-00027383 started happening in tall buildings or not even buildings 0wrRAsAmxNk-00094-00027383-00027633 that were told but certain classrooms in my high school 0wrRAsAmxNk-00095-00027633-00027977 were just the angle of where I was sitting, I would look out 0wrRAsAmxNk-00096-00027977-00028188 the window and I wouldn't be able to see the ground and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00097-00028191-00028482 honestly only two stories up you know, I probably could have 0wrRAsAmxNk-00098-00028482-00028767 fallen out the window and survived it but I felt like I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00099-00028767-00029085 was high up and it just kept going and going from there and I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00100-00029085-00029472 had probably Generalized Anxiety Disorder. I'm sure I had a lot 0wrRAsAmxNk-00101-00029472-00029838 of behaviors that I look back on now that oh, that seems like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00102-00029838-00030177 ADHD and that seems you No like a little bit of depression mixed 0wrRAsAmxNk-00103-00030177-00030714 in and but my main things that kept me from living, I think the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00104-00030714-00031068 life I wanted to live and was meant to live where that where 0wrRAsAmxNk-00105-00031068-00031449 the fear flying the panic attacks, never had agoraphobia, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00106-00031449-00031727 but certainly could have kept going if things kept going that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00107-00031727-00032127 way. Lots of fears of transportation, subways, driving 0wrRAsAmxNk-00108-00032127-00032550 on freeways, all that kind of thing. And so it just got to a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00109-00032550-00032811 point where I decided I'll just live a small life and won't go 0wrRAsAmxNk-00110-00032811-00033129 anywhere ever. But obviously, something inside of me was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00111-00033129-00033438 against that. So I did end up getting help. And the help 0wrRAsAmxNk-00112-00033438-00033963 worked enough that it got me into sort of my own version of 0wrRAsAmxNk-00113-00033963-00034227 exposure therapy, which was not doing it with therapists, but 0wrRAsAmxNk-00114-00034227-00034485 just having to do certain things and white knuckling it until I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00115-00034485-00034809 got used to it. And on and on. So I don't know that started at 0wrRAsAmxNk-00116-00034809-00035415 age eight and 47 now, and still, still learning. But all I can 0wrRAsAmxNk-00117-00035418-00035784 honestly say that huge, huge, huge panic attacks and panicking 0wrRAsAmxNk-00118-00035784-00036249 while traveling is really behind me and that it only happens 0wrRAsAmxNk-00119-00036249-00036408 sometimes. And when it does, it's fine. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00120-00036459-00036744 Drew Linsalata: Yeah, that's great. I mean, clearly, I mean, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00121-00036765-00037026 I think for people listening, you're in New York right now. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00122-00037026-00037266 But clearly, you're kind of living that to coast lifestyle, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00123-00037266-00037506 giving the industry that you're in and you're traveling a lot 0wrRAsAmxNk-00124-00037506-00037908 and or maybe not for the last two years, but normally, yeah. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00125-00037968-00038286 So it just goes to show you like I'm sure that your panic attacks 0wrRAsAmxNk-00126-00038286-00038496 you would have I'm sure you would have described them as 0wrRAsAmxNk-00127-00038496-00038793 severe as anybody would describe their panic attacks, everybody 0wrRAsAmxNk-00128-00038793-00039111 has the worst ones ever. We know that yet. Again, here you are. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00129-00039138-00039558 The thing that I dig about this. And I totally don't dig that you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00130-00039558-00039786 have this problem, of course, I'm happy to be better, which is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00131-00039786-00040164 great. But when I was on your podcast, you talked about the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00132-00040164-00040473 way you kind of got into this. So it starts with a fear of 0wrRAsAmxNk-00133-00040473-00040671 flying or a panic attack on an airplane that you're afraid of 0wrRAsAmxNk-00134-00040671-00040830 heights, and you're afraid of this and you're afraid of that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00135-00040878-00041202 you described yourself in a very specific way. And you know, a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00136-00041202-00041502 particular band came up that I'm not going to pick on you know, I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00137-00041502-00041583 want you but I won't, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00138-00041666-00041858 Unknown: you know, I already picked on them on my podcast, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00139-00041858-00041966 and I'm gonna let 0wrRAsAmxNk-00140-00041967-00042309 Drew Linsalata: it go. But so, what fascinates me about this is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00141-00042309-00042597 that we went up in a very similar place. And when you talk 0wrRAsAmxNk-00142-00042597-00042933 about now I became agoraphobic. But dry anxiety, driving on the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00143-00042933-00043176 highway going too far from home, like traveling all of those 0wrRAsAmxNk-00144-00043176-00043518 things. So many people listening gonna relate to that. But you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00145-00043518-00043800 got there coming from a very different place. And I did get 0wrRAsAmxNk-00146-00043800-00044184 we wound up in exactly the same place. So talk about that a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00147-00044184-00044427 little bit like you described yourself as a certain way you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00148-00044427-00044646 were, you know, you were quite I think you were a bit emotional. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00149-00044646-00044844 And you're in touch with that sort of stuff. And 0wrRAsAmxNk-00150-00044930-00045428 Unknown: yeah, I mean, I was a very dramatic, kid and teenager, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00151-00045461-00045818 I would say, you know, the drama probably ramped up in my teenage 0wrRAsAmxNk-00152-00045818-00046058 years. So it's always hard to go back and go, What was teenage 0wrRAsAmxNk-00153-00046058-00046460 hormones and perspective and what was anxiety and depression, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00154-00046484-00046796 but definitely, definitely, when I was a little kid, I did have a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00155-00046796-00047294 flair for the drama, but more in the fun way. But then, as I got 0wrRAsAmxNk-00156-00047294-00047573 to be a teenager, you know, I'm listening to the Smiths and the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00157-00047573-00047954 cure and, and honestly, I will just side note about the Smiths 0wrRAsAmxNk-00158-00047954-00048386 and Morrissey. He actually has an amazing sense of humor. Now 0wrRAsAmxNk-00159-00048386-00048779 what I like about that music is he's very sardonic and dark 0wrRAsAmxNk-00160-00048779-00049280 humor. And, you know, I took it very literally when I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00161-00049280-00049814 younger, you know, in terms of, I think more deeply than anyone 0wrRAsAmxNk-00162-00049814-00050093 else, and I need to get out of this town. And, you know, I want 0wrRAsAmxNk-00163-00050093-00050294 to wear all black and smoke cigarettes. You know, I wasn't a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00164-00050294-00050555 drug or drinking person. I wasn't a sports person. I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00165-00050555-00051020 just, you know, this literary kind of drama theater nerd and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00166-00051020-00051251 not even nerd that that's like a totally different thing. But 0wrRAsAmxNk-00167-00051251-00051608 like theater kid, and I hung out with a group of kids that the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00168-00051608-00052091 adults in town nicknamed us the freaks. And it's just, it was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00169-00052091-00052364 just because we were all black. And what was so funny is our 0wrRAsAmxNk-00170-00052364-00052808 Hangout was the center of town. So how bad could we be if we 0wrRAsAmxNk-00171-00052808-00053060 were just standing in the center of town for everyone to see. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00172-00053138-00053411 But, you know, we were Doc Martens and all that kind of 0wrRAsAmxNk-00173-00053411-00053984 stuff. And you know, but I remember just, you know, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00174-00053984-00054344 honestly, I'm going to say this was a facet of the depression 0wrRAsAmxNk-00175-00054344-00054716 where if you're feeling different than other people, for 0wrRAsAmxNk-00176-00054716-00055037 me, I know that part of my story was, well, then I'm going to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00177-00055037-00055310 make it that I'm better than everyone else, you know, I can't 0wrRAsAmxNk-00178-00055310-00055652 just feel different and go What the heck is this? I have to be 0wrRAsAmxNk-00179-00055652-00056000 better than everyone else. So I feel different. I feel sad. You 0wrRAsAmxNk-00180-00056000-00056183 know, everyone's kind of obsessed with boys. And you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00181-00056183-00056555 know, I have my crushes but I don't know. And so I turned it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00182-00056555-00056942 into I'm too deep of a thinker to care about what teenagers 0wrRAsAmxNk-00183-00056942-00057314 care about. I'm busy thinking about death and so that I would 0wrRAsAmxNk-00184-00057314-00057758 go to the cemetery and you know, ride my bike listening to my 0wrRAsAmxNk-00185-00057758-00058178 Walkman with my depressing music and my all black and I'd sit on 0wrRAsAmxNk-00186-00058178-00058484 the gravestones and write in my journal and I'd write things 0wrRAsAmxNk-00187-00058487-00058919 that like all these people had these lives and nobody notices 0wrRAsAmxNk-00188-00058919-00059312 that they drive by in their cars and they don't care. In my 0wrRAsAmxNk-00189-00059312-00059657 friends are obsessed with dating and, you know, I mean, all it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00190-00059657-00060056 was was a kid going, how come I'm not interested in normal or 0wrRAsAmxNk-00191-00060056-00060335 why am I too afraid to put myself out there and ask a boy 0wrRAsAmxNk-00192-00060335-00060683 out or, you know, whatever. And as much as I had that set out, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00193-00060683-00060995 so it was like really fun and was in like a punk rock band, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00194-00060998-00061391 you know, I was I was, I was pretty cool. But I had this dark 0wrRAsAmxNk-00195-00061421-00061787 side. I think I was cooler than I got to be totally honest. I'm 0wrRAsAmxNk-00196-00061787-00062108 not in a punk band now. Um, but but looking back on it, it's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00197-00062108-00062531 like, that was me very fixated on death. And it was totally 0wrRAsAmxNk-00198-00062531-00062966 from a fear of death. But I wonder if I was trying to, you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00199-00062966-00063290 know, move into any kind of acceptance in my own disordered 0wrRAsAmxNk-00200-00063290-00063677 way but definitely thought about death a lot and was very 0wrRAsAmxNk-00201-00063677-00064085 convinced that I wouldn't live very long. Not because I was so 0wrRAsAmxNk-00202-00064085-00064403 reckless and driving my car fast like James Dean, but that I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00203-00064475-00064835 that feeling I would get those panic attacks. I wasn't sure 0wrRAsAmxNk-00204-00064835-00065225 what they were. And to me, they just felt like impending death. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00205-00065225-00065573 And so I thought, Well, this must be something and I bet 0wrRAsAmxNk-00206-00065582-00065843 whatever this is, I'm kind of getting the signal from the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00207-00065843-00066161 universe here. I'm not gonna be around that long. So 0wrRAsAmxNk-00208-00066174-00066390 Drew Linsalata: yeah, so your interpretation was this is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00209-00066390-00066687 clearly an omen that I'm you know, my time here short, it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00210-00066687-00066756 would be yes, it was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00211-00066756-00067113 Unknown: an omen. It wasn't quite like a you know, I know 0wrRAsAmxNk-00212-00067113-00067344 you've described in your book that it was really feeling like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00213-00067344-00067743 what it must feel like to be about to die like right before 0wrRAsAmxNk-00214-00067743-00067980 you see the light. And so I'd had that experience so many 0wrRAsAmxNk-00215-00067980-00068445 times. I started to interpret it as kind of an omen. That's a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00216-00068445-00068538 great way to put it. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00217-00068562-00068796 Drew Linsalata: Yeah. What's interesting about that is and we 0wrRAsAmxNk-00218-00068796-00069048 come from, I mean, we could not have been more different so your 0wrRAsAmxNk-00219-00069051-00069255 your le CD in the breast Breakfast Club. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00220-00069255-00069510 Unknown: I know everyone says that, but I never related to her 0wrRAsAmxNk-00221-00069510-00069891 because she was weird and antisocial. And I was loud and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00222-00069891-00070236 bombastic and did like the school musical and was kind of a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00223-00070236-00070644 goody two shoes. Like I've never been in detention. Yeah, um, I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00224-00070644-00071079 was a combination of Brenda Walsh from 902 I know. And 0wrRAsAmxNk-00225-00071079-00071406 Winona Ryder from Beetlejuice. It was exactly that, like, I had 0wrRAsAmxNk-00226-00071406-00071790 a morbid streak. But I was at the end of the day just kind of 0wrRAsAmxNk-00227-00071790-00072090 a dramatic person who just wanted to like smoke cigarettes 0wrRAsAmxNk-00228-00072090-00072324 and like, low key rebel, you know, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00229-00072432-00072678 Drew Linsalata: rebel, but but Loki? Keep it? Yeah, that's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00230-00072678-00072939 cool. All right. Hey, I could appreciate that. But what I find 0wrRAsAmxNk-00231-00072939-00073197 interesting about this is, so many people wind up in this 0wrRAsAmxNk-00232-00073197-00073428 situation that you and I both wind up with panic, I'm gonna 0wrRAsAmxNk-00233-00073428-00073620 assume panic disorder, who knows that there was some sort of 0wrRAsAmxNk-00234-00073620-00073992 diagnosis or not, but with this crippling anxiety problem, and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00235-00073992-00074298 they bring into that almost a fear of their emotions. Like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00236-00074298-00074589 there's it's just too much I shouldn't ever feel anything but 0wrRAsAmxNk-00237-00074589-00074922 it sounds like you were like, almost like Come on, bring on 0wrRAsAmxNk-00238-00074922-00075216 more this am I need to revel in my emotions? Is that where you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00239-00075216-00075516 kind of came from? Like, they represent who I am, man. This 0wrRAsAmxNk-00240-00075516-00075915 is? Yeah, you know, I'm a dark person. I think deeply like you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00241-00075915-00076242 really, you put so much weight into what you thought. I'm gonna 0wrRAsAmxNk-00242-00076242-00076278 say, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00243-00076341-00076650 Unknown: Wow, this is brilliant analysis. Yes. I never really 0wrRAsAmxNk-00244-00076650-00076893 had these words said exactly this way. So I did have an 0wrRAsAmxNk-00245-00076893-00077160 official diagnosis of panic disorder. But until I was 22. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00246-00077205-00077688 But yeah, you know, it was like, these feelings were easy for me 0wrRAsAmxNk-00247-00077688-00078078 to handle weirdly. The depressed feelings. They almost done 0wrRAsAmxNk-00248-00078141-00078441 calmed me. And then in a weird way felt brave. Look at me 0wrRAsAmxNk-00249-00078441-00078768 thinking about this stuff. But if I was to have a panic attack, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00250-00078789-00079179 guess who would not be so into death anymore? Yeah. And so it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00251-00079179-00079593 was sort of a way Yeah, to kind of control or, like you said, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00252-00079593-00080055 revel in it feel something. But yeah, it was absolutely that I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00253-00080055-00080391 was definitely curious about death, like, Gee, what are these 0wrRAsAmxNk-00254-00080394-00080643 panic attacks, know what they were called? What are these 0wrRAsAmxNk-00255-00080643-00081027 feelings I'm having? Am I okay? And then instead of like, Why 0wrRAsAmxNk-00256-00081027-00081186 didn't have any resources, I don't know how I would have 0wrRAsAmxNk-00257-00081186-00081600 investigated. But like, for example, there's a there's a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00258-00081627-00081981 class I went to, like 20 years ago, when I first moved to Los 0wrRAsAmxNk-00259-00081981-00082263 Angeles because I had such a fear of death, but it was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00260-00082266-00082707 overwhelming me. And there was this little meditation place and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00261-00082707-00082944 they taught this kind of, I think it's a Buddhist meditation 0wrRAsAmxNk-00262-00082944-00083268 about death. And you meditate and think about your own death 0wrRAsAmxNk-00263-00083268-00083643 and you try to slow your breath in your heart rate down really 0wrRAsAmxNk-00264-00083643-00083946 slowly, and you try to imagine every breath is your last which 0wrRAsAmxNk-00265-00083946-00084333 sounds really scary. But if I'm thinking about death every five 0wrRAsAmxNk-00266-00084333-00084684 minutes anyway, I might as well do it in a constructive way that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00267-00084687-00085218 actually calms me down and might even help me accept that yes, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00268-00085218-00085488 this will happen someday. And honestly, I don't need to think 0wrRAsAmxNk-00269-00085488-00085791 about it too much in advance because it's kind of wasting my 0wrRAsAmxNk-00270-00085791-00086160 life so back to me in the cemetery. I wonder if I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00271-00086160-00086523 doing some early version of like, let me try to go down this 0wrRAsAmxNk-00272-00086523-00086955 rabbit hole just to see how far I can go if I can come to any 0wrRAsAmxNk-00273-00086955-00087354 kind of peace with it. I mean, I was not aware of doing that. But 0wrRAsAmxNk-00274-00087369-00087552 looking back on it I bet I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00275-00087564-00087801 Drew Linsalata: maybe but but the interesting thing about that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00276-00087801-00088149 is you run toward your thoughts like you are running toward them 0wrRAsAmxNk-00277-00088149-00088416 I want to think I want to think deeply does that put you in a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00278-00088416-00088683 position so now you start to have panic attacks? Yeah. You 0wrRAsAmxNk-00279-00088683-00088941 know many many people this is always fascinates me if we ever 0wrRAsAmxNk-00280-00088944-00089247 you know want if we can crack why this happens then we're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00281-00089247-00089514 going to be just swimming in money. Who knows? But suddenly, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00282-00089532-00089826 so many human beings have panic attacks even more than one 0wrRAsAmxNk-00283-00089826-00090126 threat their lives without ever developing it. Anxiety Disorder, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00284-00090144-00090417 for whatever reason, they just see them as really unpleasant 0wrRAsAmxNk-00285-00090417-00090633 events. And that happened. And then in between, they don't even 0wrRAsAmxNk-00286-00090633-00090816 think about them. But for people like you and me, that didn't 0wrRAsAmxNk-00287-00090816-00091134 happen. So the reason why you don't drive on the highway is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00288-00091134-00091353 your start to be afraid to drive on the highway, because you're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00289-00091353-00091548 going to panic and I'm going to panic in the plane, I'm going to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00290-00091548-00091752 panic in the on the second floor of the building, or whatever it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00291-00091752-00092289 is. Did you find that being so glued to your thoughts? made it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00292-00092289-00092487 difficult? Because in the end, it's like, well, just because I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00293-00092487-00092829 think I'm in danger doesn't mean I am at the turn your back on 0wrRAsAmxNk-00294-00092829-00093171 your thinking process. So you were so glued to your thinking 0wrRAsAmxNk-00295-00093171-00093309 process? Was that a struggle for you? 0wrRAsAmxNk-00296-00093414-00093636 Unknown: Yeah. And like you said, you know, when I'm sitting 0wrRAsAmxNk-00297-00093636-00093987 there, thinking about death all the time, and, you know, I have 0wrRAsAmxNk-00298-00093987-00094236 no idea I'm glued to my thoughts, you know, and I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00299-00094260-00094455 wouldn't have even known there was another way to be in your 0wrRAsAmxNk-00300-00094455-00094890 head. And so what I'm doing when I'm doing that back then is I'm 0wrRAsAmxNk-00301-00094890-00095202 obsessing, even if I think I feel calm, you know, I'm not 0wrRAsAmxNk-00302-00095202-00095466 panicking in those moments, but I'm obsessing so much I'm 0wrRAsAmxNk-00303-00095466-00095883 creating that neural pathway or something to, it's almost like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00304-00095883-00096174 I'm eating so much sugar, meaning so much sugar, so much 0wrRAsAmxNk-00305-00096174-00096471 sugar, and then I get, you know, early onset diabetes or 0wrRAsAmxNk-00306-00096471-00096735 something, I was setting the table for any future panic 0wrRAsAmxNk-00307-00096735-00097191 attack by worrying about this obsessing about this and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00308-00097194-00097554 teaching myself to believe my thoughts, and getting almost an 0wrRAsAmxNk-00309-00097554-00097968 emotional high from believing my thoughts. I mean, you know, and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00310-00097968-00098295 so then now when I'm panicking, oh, well, I've done all this 0wrRAsAmxNk-00311-00098349-00098688 exercise that makes me you know, really strong in this area. Here 0wrRAsAmxNk-00312-00098688-00098955 I go, I'm panicking. You're dying. Yep. I believe that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00313-00098955-00099162 thought, because that's what I do. I believe my thoughts. I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00314-00099162-00099561 practice that all the time. And yet, I'm sitting there 0wrRAsAmxNk-00315-00099561-00099897 practicing a fear of death. So immediately, my panic attacks 0wrRAsAmxNk-00316-00099897-00100125 are going to go some people might think, Oh, I'm going to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00317-00100125-00100455 faint. I'm going to be embarrassed. And I go straight 0wrRAsAmxNk-00318-00100455-00100884 to Oh, no, I'm about to cross over into the great unknown or 0wrRAsAmxNk-00319-00100884-00101151 just dropped it. Yeah. I and so it was a struggle when I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00320-00101151-00101445 learned, you know, I always say people with anxiety, want to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00321-00101445-00101706 control everything, except the one thing they can control, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00322-00101706-00101931 which is their thoughts like, oh, well, that's not I don't 0wrRAsAmxNk-00323-00101931-00102234 wanna do that. I want to control people in the world and my 0wrRAsAmxNk-00324-00102234-00102468 mortality. So when I learned that I could control my 0wrRAsAmxNk-00325-00102468-00103061 thoughts. I was very, like, oh, I don't think I could I have it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00326-00103061-00103380 too bad. Oh, I and now when I look back on that, that's sort 0wrRAsAmxNk-00327-00103380-00103647 of a defiance. Like, don't take my thoughts. For me. That's my 0wrRAsAmxNk-00328-00103647-00103845 safety. You know, it's it gets all mixed up. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00329-00103854-00104070 Drew Linsalata: No, this is such a good conversation when you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00330-00104070-00104502 said, I was practicing believing my thoughts, and like believing 0wrRAsAmxNk-00331-00104502-00104706 your thoughts and delving into them become part of your 0wrRAsAmxNk-00332-00104706-00104991 identity, and then it puts you right, you are 100% setting the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00333-00104991-00105258 table. What I finding fascinating about the difference 0wrRAsAmxNk-00334-00105258-00105465 union and they were pretty close in age. So we get the same 0wrRAsAmxNk-00335-00105465-00105761 references we grew up around the same time, I was the exact 0wrRAsAmxNk-00336-00105761-00106044 opposite. I never, I never gave my thoughts a second. I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00337-00106044-00106305 never anxious about anything. I didn't sit in graveyards and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00338-00106305-00106653 contemplate the mysteries, the universe, whatever, like, but 0wrRAsAmxNk-00339-00106653-00106893 that's okay. Your your way. And I was there's no better or worse 0wrRAsAmxNk-00340-00106893-00107451 here. Yeah, the same place. So for me, it was, Why am I so tied 0wrRAsAmxNk-00341-00107451-00107757 to these thoughts? It was a completely foreign experience, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00342-00107757-00108078 just like for you. Oh, wait, I don't I don't have to answer my 0wrRAsAmxNk-00343-00108078-00108426 thoughts was foreign. For me. The idea that I was answering 0wrRAsAmxNk-00344-00108426-00108683 them and engaging with them and like getting caught with them. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00345-00108686-00109058 That was completely like, like a colorblind person seeing for the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00346-00109058-00109449 first time colors, you know, reference frame of that. So 0wrRAsAmxNk-00347-00109467-00109764 yeah, so the struggle was completely the opposite. For me, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00348-00109764-00110064 we come from two completely different sort of mindsets, but 0wrRAsAmxNk-00349-00110064-00110408 wound up in exactly the same place, which I think tells you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00350-00110445-00110609 there's no discrimination here in the end. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00351-00110655-00111059 Unknown: Absolutely not. And there's no I'm just gonna say 0wrRAsAmxNk-00352-00111059-00111258 like, yeah, there's no discrimination. But there's no 0wrRAsAmxNk-00353-00111258-00111633 like, preset. Correct? No, like if someone has a 12 year old 0wrRAsAmxNk-00354-00111633-00111879 right now. And they're like, Oh, they're doing this or they're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00355-00111879-00112122 doing that, that means they will or won't have panic attacks. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00356-00112122-00112542 There's just no way to tell it's how you respond to the first one 0wrRAsAmxNk-00357-00112542-00112791 you have, I guess, you know, they're really not all that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00358-00112791-00113154 interested in why the first one's happened as much as some 0wrRAsAmxNk-00359-00113154-00113445 therapists want to go into the childhood, this and that. It's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00360-00113445-00113757 like, that's great. But I need to know how to stop this right 0wrRAsAmxNk-00361-00113757-00113783 now. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00362-00113805-00113988 Drew Linsalata: Yeah, I think I call it stopping the bleeding. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00363-00113988-00114180 Like, if you show up in the emergency room, the very first 0wrRAsAmxNk-00364-00114180-00114369 thing to do is stop the bleeding. And then we're going 0wrRAsAmxNk-00365-00114369-00114672 to look at what's wrong. So I would agree, but I you know, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00366-00114672-00114969 I'll speak to that a little bit, because I'm kind of vocally not 0wrRAsAmxNk-00367-00114969-00115290 root cause guy. I'm not saying there isn't. There might be 0wrRAsAmxNk-00368-00115290-00115521 there might not be but I was exactly the same way. i People 0wrRAsAmxNk-00369-00115521-00115794 asked me all the time. What was the trigger? I still don't know 0wrRAsAmxNk-00370-00115794-00116186 what the trigger is, I might never know. I could have ideas, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00371-00116186-00116510 I could guess at it a little bit. But in the end, two people 0wrRAsAmxNk-00372-00116510-00116778 from completely different like emotional states and mental 0wrRAsAmxNk-00373-00116778-00117048 states end up in exactly the same place. So tell me again, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00374-00117048-00117335 why everybody has to dig for cause because we could not have 0wrRAsAmxNk-00375-00117335-00117618 been any different yet we wind up with the same disorder and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00376-00117618-00118058 actually come out of it the same way. So I'm not an invite John 0wrRAsAmxNk-00377-00118058-00118332 to prove that there's no root cause. But I think it really 0wrRAsAmxNk-00378-00118332-00118736 does illustrate experiences vary so widely. But in the end, the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00379-00118736-00119076 mechanism of recovery turns out to be common even across to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00380-00119076-00119379 people that don't have much in common, probably in terms of our 0wrRAsAmxNk-00381-00119379-00119534 thinking style and our emotional style. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00382-00119604-00119909 Unknown: What's interesting too, because I did when I first first 0wrRAsAmxNk-00383-00119909-00120342 first went to therapy For this panic, I did very cognitive 0wrRAsAmxNk-00384-00120345-00120686 behavioral based therapy. But then I moved out of the city I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00385-00120686-00121107 was living in. And I didn't know I was doing CBT. So I just knew 0wrRAsAmxNk-00386-00121107-00121484 I'm doing therapy. I don't know. So then I move away and don't do 0wrRAsAmxNk-00387-00121484-00121782 therapy for a year. And, you know, tools are getting rusty. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00388-00121782-00122058 Let me brush up and I go to a new therapist in New City. And 0wrRAsAmxNk-00389-00122058-00122322 she's very, what's the cause? She kept asking, what is the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00390-00122322-00122613 thought you have before you panic? I said, I could not tell 0wrRAsAmxNk-00391-00122613-00122856 you, if you pay me won't carry this journal. Why are you in 0wrRAsAmxNk-00392-00122856-00123156 denial? And it was like, Look, lady, eventually, I just lied. I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00393-00123156-00123390 thought this, you know, so that would make sense to her. So we 0wrRAsAmxNk-00394-00123390-00123734 could just move on to get to the what do I do about it, and I did 0wrRAsAmxNk-00395-00123734-00124278 10 years of root cause, and it didn't change anything. And then 0wrRAsAmxNk-00396-00124278-00124806 I did on my own and brought it to the surface that are so it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00397-00124806-00125364 was like, I need to do, like, workbook textbook stuff, you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00398-00125364-00125820 know, and and so anyway, my point is, and yes, root cause 0wrRAsAmxNk-00399-00125820-00126375 for where did I learn? You know, anxious thoughts? Or where did I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00400-00126375-00126639 learn kind of catastrophizing? Like? Yeah, sure, my parents did 0wrRAsAmxNk-00401-00126639-00127034 it. But that doesn't mean I was going to have panic attacks. You 0wrRAsAmxNk-00402-00127034-00127470 know, it means that later on when I had more time, because I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00403-00127470-00127788 wasn't panicking every second, and I went, how come I look at 0wrRAsAmxNk-00404-00127788-00128033 this so negatively? Oh, I learned that from my parents. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00405-00128064-00128328 They did the best they could. But I think I heard stuff like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00406-00128328-00128523 this around the house. Oh, I'm just gonna win. Now. What do I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00407-00128523-00128880 really think, Oh, let me change my thinking that, to me, has 0wrRAsAmxNk-00408-00128883-00129519 zero to do with helping me in a physical moment of panic. It is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00409-00129519-00129813 two separate things. And you know, if you never get the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00410-00129813-00130179 chance to work on where this and that came from, you'll still get 0wrRAsAmxNk-00411-00130179-00130563 the recovery. If you do the things you're supposed to do for 0wrRAsAmxNk-00412-00130677-00130971 overcoming, you know, ruminations and physical 0wrRAsAmxNk-00413-00130971-00131033 feelings. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00414-00131040-00131250 Drew Linsalata: It's that difference between and you know, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00415-00131250-00131514 emotions can cause reactions, and that's fine. And sometimes 0wrRAsAmxNk-00416-00131514-00131790 we have to work on those things. Doesn't wrong with that. But at 0wrRAsAmxNk-00417-00131790-00132090 the same time, it really does become the difference between 0wrRAsAmxNk-00418-00132126-00132426 I'm anxious or I'm afraid, or I'm feeling I'm remembering 0wrRAsAmxNk-00419-00132426-00132675 things that are traumatic for me or painful for me. And I'm 0wrRAsAmxNk-00420-00132675-00132972 afraid of feeling that that's the difference, right? A feeling 0wrRAsAmxNk-00421-00132972-00133185 that that anybody who listens to this podcast has heard me say 0wrRAsAmxNk-00422-00133185-00133707 that 10,000 times. You're just such a good to me, the two of us 0wrRAsAmxNk-00423-00133707-00134019 are really good illustration of how I don't know how that how 0wrRAsAmxNk-00424-00134019-00134256 that happens. But you two people who wind up in exactly the same 0wrRAsAmxNk-00425-00134256-00134517 place coming from totally different directions in a way. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00426-00134565-00134766 Except that, you know, we both probably watch the same TV 0wrRAsAmxNk-00427-00134766-00134937 shows. But we probably, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00428-00134961-00135216 Unknown: as I'm thinking about it more with all this going on 0wrRAsAmxNk-00429-00135216-00135507 in the world. I'm thinking of nuclear war movies from the 80s 0wrRAsAmxNk-00430-00135507-00135666 We probably the day 0wrRAsAmxNk-00431-00135666-00135909 Drew Linsalata: after, and those Yeah, like, and there was some 0wrRAsAmxNk-00432-00135909-00136170 scary shit. That's true during that time. We were under the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00433-00136170-00136383 nuclear threat all the time, which is odd to be talking about 0wrRAsAmxNk-00434-00136383-00136923 that today. At the moment, but yeah, I think that's true yet I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00435-00136923-00137175 kind of like from what some people would have said, well, I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00436-00137175-00137499 was, you know, they probably look at me like, well, what were 0wrRAsAmxNk-00437-00137499-00137730 you dead? Were you a robot? Well, maybe a little bit. I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00438-00137730-00138030 a little bit armor plated for a long time. And then I wasn't, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00439-00138036-00138219 you know, like, I couldn't figure out why it was an armor 0wrRAsAmxNk-00440-00138219-00138618 plated. But you know what? I can? I've said this many, many 0wrRAsAmxNk-00441-00138618-00138966 times. For my listeners notice. I'm happy I'm not armor plated 0wrRAsAmxNk-00442-00138966-00139260 anymore. Like being coated in titanium and never getting 0wrRAsAmxNk-00443-00139260-00139641 anxious was not a natural state to be in. So it the way you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00444-00139641-00139968 were, and maybe the way you've come out on the other side and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00445-00139968-00140445 that evolution? What's different now? Like, did you do you want 0wrRAsAmxNk-00446-00140445-00140715 to be sitting on a gravestone and black smoking cigarettes 0wrRAsAmxNk-00447-00140715-00141114 anymore? Or is it better to have this mix of? Yeah, this this 0wrRAsAmxNk-00448-00141117-00141351 process? What did this process teach you? You know, how do you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00449-00141351-00141543 think you're better today than you were then? Because of it? 0wrRAsAmxNk-00450-00141600-00141888 Unknown: Yeah, it's interesting. Like sitting in this cemetery. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00451-00141918-00142191 wearing all black and smoking is as much of a defense as I don't 0wrRAsAmxNk-00452-00142191-00142650 have any feelings, right? It was like, um, and, yeah, there was a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00453-00142650-00143055 while when I just, I never tried to, but I looked at other people 0wrRAsAmxNk-00454-00143055-00143322 that didn't seem anxious, and who didn't seem to have any 0wrRAsAmxNk-00455-00143322-00143691 reactions to things in life. And I just really longed to be one 0wrRAsAmxNk-00456-00143691-00143922 of them. I couldn't have come out that way. And now I realize, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00457-00143925-00144456 oh, I don't want that either. It's sort of like now I can 0wrRAsAmxNk-00458-00144456-00145038 handle feeling my feelings or feeling scared. And I don't like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00459-00145038-00145323 it. But there's such a difference between I don't like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00460-00145323-00145674 this too. I'm dying. This is killing me. This is dangerous. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00461-00145701-00146253 And so you know what I the biggest, greatest visual or it's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00462-00146253-00146493 not visual, but whatever concrete example I can give is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00463-00146493-00146913 now when I get on an airplane, I don't like turbulence. It makes 0wrRAsAmxNk-00464-00146913-00147255 me kind of queasy. Sometimes I throw up, you know it, but it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00465-00147255-00147594 just bothers me. I like to work and write on planes and the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00466-00147594-00147954 coffee's shaking and it's just more annoying than anything and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00467-00147954-00148188 sometimes it you know, it doesn't scare me like, Oh, I'm 0wrRAsAmxNk-00468-00148188-00148482 going to die. But it does get my nervous system a little rattled. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00469-00148482-00148782 I think our body is like, hey, what's happening? And so I never 0wrRAsAmxNk-00470-00148782-00149310 feel great. After I get off a bumpy flight, but none of that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00471-00149310-00149787 is terror. And going I'm dying. It's more like now I get to have 0wrRAsAmxNk-00472-00149790-00150102 all the inconveniences that normal people Do you know 0wrRAsAmxNk-00473-00150120-00150474 nothing is an avoidance of feeling but I get to have just 0wrRAsAmxNk-00474-00150477-00150720 right sized normal reactions to things. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00475-00150765-00150933 Drew Linsalata: Yeah. Which is interesting, because I think 0wrRAsAmxNk-00476-00150933-00151179 when we're in the thick of it, I remember looking at people, I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00477-00151179-00151371 would sometimes even look at my kids at the time my kids were 0wrRAsAmxNk-00478-00151371-00151587 small. And I would think I would just love to be like them. They 0wrRAsAmxNk-00479-00151587-00151851 were just like, not thinking about anything. But in the end, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00480-00151857-00152061 then you discover when you come out the other side, like all 0wrRAsAmxNk-00481-00152061-00152439 those people were not always they were had their own issues, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00482-00152439-00152691 and everybody feels a little anxiety and uncertainty and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00483-00152733-00153060 emotions. And I used to have major like issue, I'd be 0wrRAsAmxNk-00484-00153060-00153387 terrified. I didn't sleep, which I still don't sleep. But at that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00485-00153387-00153597 point, like, Oh, if I don't get enough sleep, my anxiety will be 0wrRAsAmxNk-00486-00153597-00153846 through the roof. And I was trapped in that cycle. I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00487-00153846-00154053 remember looking at a woman in a parking lot. One morning, she 0wrRAsAmxNk-00488-00154053-00154380 got out of the car, and she looked like she had been dragged 0wrRAsAmxNk-00489-00154380-00154716 through the night. I apologize, ma'am, whoever you are, but she 0wrRAsAmxNk-00490-00154716-00155076 just looked exhausted her car and she walked in and she got a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00491-00155076-00155280 cup of coffee. And she got in her car and probably went to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00492-00155280-00155616 work. And she was not feeling great, I'm sure but she didn't 0wrRAsAmxNk-00493-00155616-00156012 care. And I came to realize like, Oh, that's right. I need 0wrRAsAmxNk-00494-00156012-00156438 to pay. Not perfectly feeling great, just capable of feeling 0wrRAsAmxNk-00495-00156456-00156501 anything. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00496-00156552-00156867 Unknown: So yeah, I mean, the opposite of feeling. Otter dread 0wrRAsAmxNk-00497-00156867-00157140 and panic is obviously not feeling nothing. But I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00498-00157140-00157371 definitely probably thought that for a while, like, that's the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00499-00157371-00157725 goal. You know, just be quote, normal as though there's this 0wrRAsAmxNk-00500-00157725-00158151 like, factory setting that everyone feels. And I think that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00501-00158151-00158355 would be comforting to think there's a right way to be. So 0wrRAsAmxNk-00502-00158355-00158538 let me just work towards that. And then you find out oh, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00503-00158538-00158790 there's no right way to be you just want to be able to, you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00504-00158790-00158970 know, sit with your uncomfortable feelings. It's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00505-00158970-00159369 like, I wouldn't tell someone that right up front who's you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00506-00159369-00159675 know, like, you don't want to scare them like, Oh, don't you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00507-00159675-00159975 know, you never fully recover in the sense you can't my therapist 0wrRAsAmxNk-00508-00159975-00160179 once said you can't recover from being human. So 0wrRAsAmxNk-00509-00160263-00160479 Drew Linsalata: that's a good line. I like it. For sure. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00510-00160602-00160824 Excellent conversation, we're going to hit about 25 minute 0wrRAsAmxNk-00511-00160824-00161007 mark for I like to cut it off where else we just fall off the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00512-00161007-00161190 cliff. Because I understand people have a lot of time to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00513-00161190-00161577 listen to these. But you wouldn't have like parting 0wrRAsAmxNk-00514-00161577-00161925 thoughts here. You did us me. So I'm gonna ask you if somebody is 0wrRAsAmxNk-00515-00161928-00162192 somebody was you if you can relate to Jen like, Jim, what 0wrRAsAmxNk-00516-00162192-00162441 would you tell you? What would you tell past you? 0wrRAsAmxNk-00517-00162564-00162939 Unknown: Hmm, I would say there's nothing wrong with you, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00518-00162939-00163224 you can enjoy your dramatic whatever, as long as you're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00519-00163224-00163605 having fun with it. Like, are you having any fun? There? Or if 0wrRAsAmxNk-00520-00163605-00164076 you're not, then you're probably feeding the wrong. I don't know 0wrRAsAmxNk-00521-00164076-00164580 what thing in your brain? Like? I think I just froze? No, are 0wrRAsAmxNk-00522-00164580-00165003 you good? Okay. Um, so I would I would I know that sounds really 0wrRAsAmxNk-00523-00165003-00165204 trite. But are you? Are you enjoying this? And if you're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00524-00165204-00165726 not, why are you doing it all the time? And if you honestly 0wrRAsAmxNk-00525-00165726-00166122 think that you are the only one that's ever had this, just know 0wrRAsAmxNk-00526-00166122-00166557 that that is probably the biggest symptom of all of this. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00527-00166560-00166905 And you know, I won't go so far as to call you a narcissist 0wrRAsAmxNk-00528-00166905-00167247 young Gen, but I will say, you're really can't get out 0wrRAsAmxNk-00529-00167247-00167475 yourself right now. And you need some help doing it. And there's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00530-00167475-00167742 people who are trained to do this. Go find them. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00531-00167799-00168054 Drew Linsalata: Okay, get out of yourself. That is outstanding. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00532-00168054-00168183 That was worth the price of admission right there. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00533-00168225-00168399 Unknown: Oh, wait. Now you wanted to talk about one more 0wrRAsAmxNk-00534-00168399-00168420 thing? 0wrRAsAmxNk-00535-00168420-00168675 Drew Linsalata: Because you said Oh, I did want to talk about 0wrRAsAmxNk-00536-00168675-00168867 thank you so much. i Oh, you bring it 0wrRAsAmxNk-00537-00168867-00169233 Unknown: up that you said that? No one but yes. Okay. So it is? 0wrRAsAmxNk-00538-00169257-00169302 Yeah, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00539-00169305-00169482 Drew Linsalata: yeah, let's let's do it. So I didn't, I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00540-00169482-00169725 forgot all about it. So thank you. One of the things virgin 0wrRAsAmxNk-00541-00169725-00169965 goes into her little wrap up here because this is important 0wrRAsAmxNk-00542-00170007-00170247 that the community all the time like, oh my god, I thought I was 0wrRAsAmxNk-00543-00170247-00170463 so when I share like, oh, I used to be afraid of this. I used to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00544-00170463-00170646 be afraid of that. Oh my god, I thought it was the only one. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00545-00170715-00170847 Shoot, what were you afraid of? 0wrRAsAmxNk-00546-00170913-00171102 Unknown: During a panic attack when those feelings start to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00547-00171102-00171345 happen? And you start to feel like oh my god, I gotta get out 0wrRAsAmxNk-00548-00171345-00171582 of here. I gotta get out of here. My biggest fear was I'm 0wrRAsAmxNk-00549-00171582-00171996 going to lose gravity. Gravity will not affect me. Not everyone 0wrRAsAmxNk-00550-00171996-00172443 else. I literally feared I was going to fly away, full body up 0wrRAsAmxNk-00551-00172443-00172716 into the atmosphere. And so real. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00552-00172752-00173079 Drew Linsalata: Just yeah, not everybody else. Just me. You are 0wrRAsAmxNk-00553-00173079-00173364 and when when we were recording, you can I know. You know, you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00554-00173364-00173679 saw me. I literally I couldn't contain my excitement when you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00555-00173679-00174027 said that. Because I wanted you to be afraid, of course. So many 0wrRAsAmxNk-00556-00174027-00174525 people feel like their fear is the craziest, they're ashamed. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00557-00174528-00174888 Like, I can't say with my fears. And I will always say like, you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00558-00174888-00175203 can't, you can't tell me a fear that I think is gonna be crazy 0wrRAsAmxNk-00559-00175203-00175572 at all, because I've heard all of them. I had only heard one 0wrRAsAmxNk-00560-00175572-00175842 person before that was afraid that gravity was going to stop 0wrRAsAmxNk-00561-00175842-00176184 working. You're the second. So it doesn't matter what you're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00562-00176184-00176706 afraid of brains can create amazing, beautiful genius, and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00563-00176709-00177063 also the biggest steaming piles of shit that we can imagine. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00564-00177132-00177501 That is amazing. And how did that how did that go away? Did 0wrRAsAmxNk-00565-00177501-00177669 it just as your? Well you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00566-00177669-00177981 Unknown: didn't I mean, to be honest, if I'm outside and going 0wrRAsAmxNk-00567-00177981-00178227 to panic attack if I'm hiking and suddenly I realize oh, I'm 0wrRAsAmxNk-00568-00178227-00178476 alone here and oh my god, it just the just sort of the way 0wrRAsAmxNk-00569-00178476-00178791 the view works and hits my brain. I will start to have that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00570-00178791-00179199 feeling. I'm losing gravity. And I honestly I just let it happen. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00571-00179226-00179475 And then I tell myself, it's literally impossible. It's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00572-00179475-00179730 literally impossible. It's literally impossible. And then I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00573-00179730-00180114 get creative and say well if you did and you survived You are 0wrRAsAmxNk-00574-00180117-00180486 going to be, like, huge, you're gonna write a book about it, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00575-00180486-00180690 like, you're just gonna be tested by scientists, like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00576-00180690-00180939 you're very special, you know, this is gonna be huge. Just get 0wrRAsAmxNk-00577-00180939-00181254 down the hill and just breathe. But it's ironic, though, because 0wrRAsAmxNk-00578-00181254-00181572 when you're in an airplane, if I were to lose gravity, all I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00579-00181572-00181776 would do is just hit my head on the ceiling, it'd be no big 0wrRAsAmxNk-00580-00181776-00182121 deal. It's only going to blow through the plane. So, okay, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00581-00182124-00182511 it's weird that I'm that that used to freak me out in an 0wrRAsAmxNk-00582-00182511-00182793 airplane, I'm going to lose gravity, alright, well inside, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00583-00182814-00183111 but when I'm outside, it happens as well. So it still happens 0wrRAsAmxNk-00584-00183111-00183339 once in a while. But I just do all those things. I tried to get 0wrRAsAmxNk-00585-00183339-00183576 creative and say, yeah, maybe you will. And you can write a 0wrRAsAmxNk-00586-00183576-00183624 book about it. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00587-00183699-00183894 Drew Linsalata: Yeah, see that? That's really cool. As shades of 0wrRAsAmxNk-00588-00183894-00184104 kind of ERP work, they're like, I'm gonna go toward it and play 0wrRAsAmxNk-00589-00184104-00184356 with it, then some people take their scary thoughts and write 0wrRAsAmxNk-00590-00184356-00184617 little songs about them and sing them to themselves and play the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00591-00184617-00184905 guitar. So there's all kinds of creative ways, but I love how 0wrRAsAmxNk-00592-00184905-00185271 specific your brain got, like off of an inside. Oh, who cares? 0wrRAsAmxNk-00593-00185271-00185457 Because I'll just I'll just kind of hit the ceiling, and it'll be 0wrRAsAmxNk-00594-00185457-00185952 okay. But yeah, that's my Yeah, yeah. It's, it's amazing, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00595-00185958-00186222 amazing. Amazing. Thank you for sharing that. Thank you for 0wrRAsAmxNk-00596-00186222-00186456 remembering because I wanted to put it out there, because I know 0wrRAsAmxNk-00597-00186456-00186747 somebody's gonna hear that and go like, Oh, my God. And by the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00598-00186747-00187059 way, if you have that fear of gravity, put it in the comments 0wrRAsAmxNk-00599-00187059-00187368 on YouTube or email me or something like, that's why No, I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00600-00187368-00187674 want to meet my people. Second person ever, ever heard. And 0wrRAsAmxNk-00601-00187674-00187920 I've been at this for quite a long time. So that blew me off 0wrRAsAmxNk-00602-00187920-00188163 my chair, when you said that you had to grab it. Thank you for 0wrRAsAmxNk-00603-00188163-00188526 sharing that. So tell us a little bit about anxiety bites, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00604-00188526-00188700 what that's all about. And I will give you all the links to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00605-00188700-00188889 Jen's podcast and everything else when we're done here. But 0wrRAsAmxNk-00606-00188889-00188997 tell us about a guest. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00607-00189039-00189252 Unknown: Yeah, it's free wherever you get your podcast. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00608-00189321-00189606 And I once a week, episodes come out and I interview someone 0wrRAsAmxNk-00609-00189606-00189849 whether it's a neuroscientist or a therapist or someone like 0wrRAsAmxNk-00610-00189849-00190197 yourself, who is helping others with anxiety. And we talk about 0wrRAsAmxNk-00611-00190197-00190575 anxiety, I try to normalize it there are swears. It's not you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00612-00190575-00190881 know, I'm not a self help guru. I'm just another person with 0wrRAsAmxNk-00613-00190881-00191262 anxiety who wants to learn more about it. And my intention is, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00614-00191265-00191709 it's for people who know nothing and just want to hear all of the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00615-00191709-00192006 different ways that anxiety affects us and maybe see from 0wrRAsAmxNk-00616-00192006-00192282 there, if it's something they want to explore more. Or if it's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00617-00192285-00192573 the veteran who's had anxiety forever and kind of loves 0wrRAsAmxNk-00618-00192573-00192786 listening about it might hear something they needed to hear 0wrRAsAmxNk-00619-00192786-00193275 that day. So anxiety bites posted by me. And yeah, I just 0wrRAsAmxNk-00620-00193275-00193686 wanted to do anything to help normalize it. And if I can help 0wrRAsAmxNk-00621-00193686-00193977 one person that was as scared as I was when I was younger, and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00622-00193977-00194220 didn't know where to turn then then I'm happy. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00623-00194250-00194403 Drew Linsalata: That's really good. It's a great podcast. If 0wrRAsAmxNk-00624-00194403-00194568 you're watching on YouTube, I have it up on the screen right 0wrRAsAmxNk-00625-00194568-00194940 now. You go to Jen Kirkman comm slash anxiety bytes podcast and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00626-00194940-00195168 go check it out or find it wherever you get your podcast. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00627-00195168-00195438 But I'll give you all the links in the wrap up and we're done. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00628-00195462-00195684 Jen, thank you so much. Maybe we'll come on again. One time, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00629-00195684-00195807 we'd love to have you open invite. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00630-00195852-00196068 Unknown: Anytime. I'm sure there's a lot more fears I could 0wrRAsAmxNk-00631-00196068-00196269 tell you about. I'll have to think about Yeah. Anytime. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00632-00196299-00196461 Drew Linsalata: Official apologies to Marcy, by the way 0wrRAsAmxNk-00633-00196461-00196815 if you're listening. It really is. I'm sure he is. I'm sure 0wrRAsAmxNk-00634-00196815-00197094 he's. Anyway. Thanks, guys. And I'll be back in a second to wrap 0wrRAsAmxNk-00635-00197094-00197421 it up. Thanks, Jen. Thank you. Hey, we are back wrapping up 0wrRAsAmxNk-00636-00197421-00197700 after that interview with Jen Kirkman. I hope you guys enjoyed 0wrRAsAmxNk-00637-00197700-00197937 it. As much as I enjoy talking to Jen. We're going to try and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00638-00197937-00198180 have her back on the podcast from time to time when she can 0wrRAsAmxNk-00639-00198180-00198438 squeeze it in. Like I said, She's super busy. If you want to 0wrRAsAmxNk-00640-00198438-00198789 find Jen, you can find her anxiety bytes podcast. Like she 0wrRAsAmxNk-00641-00198789-00199095 said anywhere that you can find podcasts, or have it up on the 0wrRAsAmxNk-00642-00199095-00199452 screen in YouTube. You can go to Jen Kirkman comm slash anxiety 0wrRAsAmxNk-00643-00199452-00199719 bytes to find the podcast. If you just want to find all Jen's 0wrRAsAmxNk-00644-00199719-00200085 links, more conveniently just go to the anxious truth.com/ 198 0wrRAsAmxNk-00645-00200088-00200385 which is the shownotes in the links for this episode. And that 0wrRAsAmxNk-00646-00200385-00200679 is it. That is episode 198 wrapped up in a nutshell, you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00647-00200679-00201189 know it's over because using that is afterglow by my friend 0wrRAsAmxNk-00648-00201189-00201534 Ben Drake. And you can find Ben and his music at bendrick Music 0wrRAsAmxNk-00649-00201537-00201780 calm thank you again, Ben for letting me use the song. I 0wrRAsAmxNk-00650-00201780-00202017 appreciate you, man. Go check him out and tell him I said 0wrRAsAmxNk-00651-00202017-00202350 hello. And yeah, if you are digging the podcast and you're 0wrRAsAmxNk-00652-00202350-00202635 listening on iTunes or Spotify or someplace where you can rate 0wrRAsAmxNk-00653-00202635-00203040 and review rate at five stars and then maybe take a minute and 0wrRAsAmxNk-00654-00203040-00203277 write a quick review of the podcast so it helps other people 0wrRAsAmxNk-00655-00203277-00203529 find it and that's why I do this to try and help as many people 0wrRAsAmxNk-00656-00203529-00203892 as I can. And if you're watching on YouTube, hey YouTube again, 0wrRAsAmxNk-00657-00203922-00204249 just hit the subscribe button. Like the video leave a comment. 0wrRAsAmxNk-00658-00204264-00204531 I'm having a good time actually being active with you guys on 0wrRAsAmxNk-00659-00204531-00204753 YouTube these days over the past month or so it's been really 0wrRAsAmxNk-00660-00204753-00204951 great to sort of comment with you guys. They're in a different 0wrRAsAmxNk-00661-00204951-00205223 environment. So leave a comment and a question on the video if 0wrRAsAmxNk-00662-00205223-00205485 you're watching on video and I will answer it I promise. And 0wrRAsAmxNk-00663-00205485-00205746 that's it. We are out I do not know what I'm going to be 0wrRAsAmxNk-00664-00205746-00205998 talking about next week. But I can tell you that I will in fact 0wrRAsAmxNk-00665-00205998-00206400 be here and as I am so want to remind you every week, keep 0wrRAsAmxNk-00666-00206400-00206669 moving forward because this is the way 0wrRAsAmxNk-00667-00207132-00207654 Unknown: you got the feeling that you go when you're doing 0wrRAsAmxNk-00668-00207894-00208671 now in the city, you know looking back on the past, you 0wrRAsAmxNk-00669-00208671-00209181 know you'll never get another chance to go and live your life 0xulEb82fJE-00000-00000076-00000176 1300. 0xulEb82fJE-00001-00000176-00000584 If the GM can’t lift all the GURPS books needed to run my character, he’s vetoed. 0xulEb82fJE-00002-00000584-00000684 1301. 0xulEb82fJE-00003-00000684-00001150 The 10’ pole in the starting equipment list cannot support the weight of an exotic dancer. 0xulEb82fJE-00004-00001150-00001250 1302. 0xulEb82fJE-00005-00001250-00001609 Scorched Earth Day is not a holiday, even in Cyberpunk. 0xulEb82fJE-00006-00001609-00001709 1303. 0xulEb82fJE-00007-00001709-00002003 Nothing in Victoria’s Secret catalog is available in Dracheneisen. 0xulEb82fJE-00008-00002003-00002103 1304. 0xulEb82fJE-00009-00002103-00002555 Even if they are better in combat according to character generation, the United States 0xulEb82fJE-00010-00002555-00002928 Marine Corp frowns on octogenarians in front line combat. 0xulEb82fJE-00011-00002928-00003028 1305. 0xulEb82fJE-00012-00003028-00003403 No amount of background will allow me to name the character Biff Buttoms. 0xulEb82fJE-00013-00003403-00003512 1306. 0xulEb82fJE-00014-00003512-00003889 State Troopers are immune to the effects of the Delirium, so I need to find another way 0xulEb82fJE-00015-00003889-00004042 out of that speeding ticket. 0xulEb82fJE-00016-00004042-00004142 1307. 0xulEb82fJE-00017-00004142-00004567 No matter how well I make my fashion roll, L’Empereur is not going to the ball dressed 0xulEb82fJE-00018-00004567-00004835 in a Catholic school girl’s uniform. 0xulEb82fJE-00019-00004835-00004935 1308. 0xulEb82fJE-00020-00004935-00005101 Everybody was not gun-fu fighting. 0xulEb82fJE-00021-00005101-00005201 1309. 0xulEb82fJE-00022-00005201-00005739 Even if my character is Canadian, that doesn’t mean he can take a 1.524 meter free step. 0xulEb82fJE-00023-00005739-00005839 1310. 0xulEb82fJE-00024-00005839-00006169 I will pick my character’s girlfriend based on something more than how much fire support 0xulEb82fJE-00025-00006169-00006269 she can provide. 0xulEb82fJE-00026-00006269-00006369 1311. 0xulEb82fJE-00027-00006369-00006658 I will not one shot an Eisenfurst. 1312. 0xulEb82fJE-00028-00006658-00007039 The plan will not continue until the GM finds out who Zan Tabak is. 0xulEb82fJE-00029-00007039-00007139 1313. 0xulEb82fJE-00030-00007139-00007430 I will do nothing that tarnishes Hello Kitty’s memory. 0xulEb82fJE-00031-00007430-00007530 1314. 0xulEb82fJE-00032-00007530-00007826 Gravity defying breasts, while impressive, do not count as a super power. 0xulEb82fJE-00033-00007826-00007926 1315. 0xulEb82fJE-00034-00007926-00008334 Even if my character is Orthodox Jewish, I will check other characters’ pulse before 0xulEb82fJE-00035-00008334-00008466 trying to bury them. 0xulEb82fJE-00036-00008466-00008566 1316. 0xulEb82fJE-00037-00008566-00008947 A NASCAR pit crew cannot repair all my vehicle’s damage in one round. 0xulEb82fJE-00038-00008947-00009047 1317. 0xulEb82fJE-00039-00009047-00009420 My character will refrain from appearing with Hitler in any history books. 0xulEb82fJE-00040-00009420-00009693 Especially if I’m chasing him with a wheat thresher. 0xulEb82fJE-00041-00009693-00009793 1318. 0xulEb82fJE-00042-00009793-00010170 Fauner Posen’s Boy Toy is not technically a position at court. 0xulEb82fJE-00043-00010170-00010270 1319. 0xulEb82fJE-00044-00010270-00010689 I will only use the module’s suggested tactics to stop the ground assault and ignore the 0xulEb82fJE-00045-00010689-00010925 squadron of Y-Wings 100 meters away. 0xulEb82fJE-00046-00010925-00011025 1320. 0xulEb82fJE-00047-00011025-00011328 There is no such thing as a Ballista-o-Gram. 1321. 0xulEb82fJE-00048-00011328-00011677 I will not accuse the Traveler News Service of liberal bias. 0xulEb82fJE-00049-00011677-00011777 1322. 0xulEb82fJE-00050-00011777-00012209 The Ewok does not appreciate the giant hamster wheel we put in his quarters. 0xulEb82fJE-00051-00012209-00012384 Ingrate. 1323. 0xulEb82fJE-00052-00012384-00012747 I will not spend my entire Muster bonus on lottery tickets. 0xulEb82fJE-00053-00012747-00012847 1324. 0xulEb82fJE-00054-00012847-00013370 If another player took the Disadvantage: Stutters, I can’t play a K’Kree. 0xulEb82fJE-00055-00013370-00013470 1325. 0xulEb82fJE-00056-00013470-00013675 Black and Decker does not make droids either. 0xulEb82fJE-00057-00013675-00013775 1326. 0xulEb82fJE-00058-00013775-00014172 I will not blow all my points on extra limbs just so I can play the superhero “Millipede 0xulEb82fJE-00059-00014172-00014318 Man” 1327. 0xulEb82fJE-00060-00014318-00014699 Just because the Great Race of Yith’s effect on sanity is minimal, doesn’t mean I should 0xulEb82fJE-00061-00014699-00014931 invite them over for dinner with the folks. 0xulEb82fJE-00062-00014931-00015031 1328. 0xulEb82fJE-00063-00015031-00015409 The very concept of a Hutt lap dancer will earn me a dark side point. 0xulEb82fJE-00064-00015409-00015509 1329. 0xulEb82fJE-00065-00015509-00015865 The M203 is not for long range bocce ball. 0xulEb82fJE-00066-00015865-00015965 1330. 0xulEb82fJE-00067-00015965-00016384 Getting someone to spot for me is not going to give me a bonus on a strength check. 0xulEb82fJE-00068-00016384-00016484 1331. 0xulEb82fJE-00069-00016484-00016812 I will not hex someone into looking like a piñata. 0xulEb82fJE-00070-00016812-00016956 Especially in Mexico City. 0xulEb82fJE-00071-00016956-00017056 1332. 0xulEb82fJE-00072-00017056-00017395 Even if silence is required for the entire adventure, we are not naming the Black Ops 0xulEb82fJE-00073-00017395-00017690 Operation: Mimecrime. 1333. 0xulEb82fJE-00074-00017690-00018129 I will tell the noob the game is about post nuclear Europe and not love struck vampires 0xulEb82fJE-00075-00018129-00018246 before we start. 0xulEb82fJE-00076-00018246-00018346 1334. 0xulEb82fJE-00077-00018346-00018723 You cannot tell if somebody is a power gamer by the faint smell of Gouda. 0xulEb82fJE-00078-00018723-00018823 1335. 0xulEb82fJE-00079-00018823-00019210 I can not filibuster in the middle of my dying speech to buy the cleric more time. 0xulEb82fJE-00080-00019210-00019310 1336. 0xulEb82fJE-00081-00019310-00019841 Even if we are told to pick a manly name for the game, Genocidicles is a bit much. 0xulEb82fJE-00082-00019841-00019941 1337. 0xulEb82fJE-00083-00019941-00020259 Can’t lure the Bastet into an ambush by turning on the can opener. 0xulEb82fJE-00084-00020259-00020359 1338. 0xulEb82fJE-00085-00020359-00020654 Jack Lalanne: Wrong type of Juicer. 1339. 0xulEb82fJE-00086-00020654-00021118 If unsure of what side of the road we drive on, the middle of the road is not a healthy 0xulEb82fJE-00087-00021118-00021218 compromise. 0xulEb82fJE-00088-00021218-00021318 1340. 0xulEb82fJE-00089-00021318-00021532 Brute squads make poor bridesmaids. 0xulEb82fJE-00090-00021532-00021762 The reverse is not necessarily true. 0xulEb82fJE-00091-00021762-00021862 1341. 0xulEb82fJE-00092-00021862-00022310 Even if the rules allow it, I cannot become famous for not being famous. 0xulEb82fJE-00093-00022310-00022420 1342. 0xulEb82fJE-00094-00022420-00022780 There is no god of Wombats, no matter how much I pray. 0xulEb82fJE-00095-00022780-00022880 1343. 0xulEb82fJE-00096-00022880-00023223 If I have to explain to the halfling’s sister why we dressed him like a raccoon, we’re 0xulEb82fJE-00097-00023223-00023361 all in trouble. 0xulEb82fJE-00098-00023361-00023461 1344. 0xulEb82fJE-00099-00023461-00023857 No matter how cool it would be, we can’t use the time machine to loan Ike a few A-10 0xulEb82fJE-00100-00023857-00023957 squadrons for D-Day. 0xulEb82fJE-00101-00023957-00024109 1345. 0xulEb82fJE-00102-00024109-00024462 I don’t get a drama die just because the GM pees. 0xulEb82fJE-00103-00024462-00024562 1346. 0xulEb82fJE-00104-00024562-00024854 I will not waste wishes on professional sporting events. 0xulEb82fJE-00105-00024854-00024954 1347. 0xulEb82fJE-00106-00024954-00025401 Hooking up with the gamer chick the Storyteller was angling for gets me banned from the game. 0xulEb82fJE-00107-00025401-00025501 1348. 0xulEb82fJE-00108-00025501-00025850 When attempting to lure the giant to sleep with a bardic lullaby, I will leave out the 0xulEb82fJE-00109-00025850-00026020 lyric “So we can kill you.” 0xulEb82fJE-00110-00026020-00026142 1349. 0xulEb82fJE-00111-00026142-00026488 I will not program the medical droid for “aggressive dentistry.” 0xulEb82fJE-00112-00026488-00026588 1350. 0xulEb82fJE-00113-00026588-00027050 I will not dare the wage mage into trying to summon a class 20 spirit. 0xulEb82fJE-00114-00027050-00027150 1351. 0xulEb82fJE-00115-00027150-00027470 Guardian mode is not just for flipping people the bird in the middle of battle. 0xulEb82fJE-00116-00027470-00027570 1352. 0xulEb82fJE-00117-00027570-00027879 Even if we are issued a nuke, I'm not allowed to touch it. 0xulEb82fJE-00118-00027879-00027979 1353. 0xulEb82fJE-00119-00027979-00028316 I will stop trying to get a reality TV show for our Black Ops team. 0xulEb82fJE-00120-00028316-00028416 1354. 0xulEb82fJE-00121-00028416-00028824 We are not going to stall 10,000 Uruk-Hai with a fake tollbooth. 0xulEb82fJE-00122-00028824-00028937 1355. 0xulEb82fJE-00123-00028937-00029380 Pointing out the massive plothole in the villain's plan is not going to stop her from attacking. 0xulEb82fJE-00124-00029380-00029480 1356. 0xulEb82fJE-00125-00029480-00029932 Before we start, let's make sure whether everybody blows up if I shoot a shield with a lasgun. 0xulEb82fJE-00126-00029932-00030032 1357. 0xulEb82fJE-00127-00030032-00030295 Preliminary saturation carpet bombing is not automatically Plan A. 0xulEb82fJE-00128-00030295-00030395 1358. 0xulEb82fJE-00129-00030395-00030872 Even if I only get to swing a sword once per minute, I can't stop to smoke between attacks. 0xulEb82fJE-00130-00030872-00030972 1359. 0xulEb82fJE-00131-00030972-00031382 I can't call my gun by a stupid nickname, even if it's the one that the game suggested. 0xulEb82fJE-00132-00031382-00031482 1360. 0xulEb82fJE-00133-00031482-00031768 Woodchippers, while useful, aren't normal gear for a Black Ops. 0xulEb82fJE-00134-00031768-00031868 1361. 0xulEb82fJE-00135-00031868-00032297 I will not tell the new players gelatinous cubes come in a variety of yummy flavors. 0xulEb82fJE-00136-00032297-00032397 1362. 0xulEb82fJE-00137-00032397-00032545 The cleric is not tax exempt. 0xulEb82fJE-00138-00032545-00032645 1363. 0xulEb82fJE-00139-00032645-00032994 No matter how much fun, we are not retrofitting a tank with jumpjets. 0xulEb82fJE-00140-00032994-00033094 1364. 0xulEb82fJE-00141-00033094-00033260 I cannot mint my own currency. 0xulEb82fJE-00142-00033260-00033360 1365. 0xulEb82fJE-00143-00033360-00033737 Just because they make a miniature with that ability, doesn't mean I can take that ability. 0xulEb82fJE-00144-00033737-00033837 1366. 0xulEb82fJE-00145-00033837-00034274 I will not use the mass suggestion spell to make the elf babes to make out. 0xulEb82fJE-00146-00034274-00034374 1367. 0xulEb82fJE-00147-00034374-00034681 Gnomes are not nature's tripods. 1368. 0xulEb82fJE-00148-00034681-00034934 Dwarves do not groom themselves like cats. 0xulEb82fJE-00149-00034934-00035132 Or baboons. 1369. 0xulEb82fJE-00150-00035132-00035400 Elves do to have nipples. 1370. 0xulEb82fJE-00151-00035400-00035703 Halflings are not used as currency. 0xulEb82fJE-00152-00035703-00035803 1371. 0xulEb82fJE-00153-00035803-00036135 "Biggio leans into pitch" is not a real kung fu maneuver. 0xulEb82fJE-00154-00036135-00036235 1372. 0xulEb82fJE-00155-00036235-00036550 Even if the rules allow it, I cannot have a monofilament sledgehammer. 0xulEb82fJE-00156-00036550-00036650 1373. 0xulEb82fJE-00157-00036650-00036947 If we can't fit the droid in the freighter, I can't play him. 0xulEb82fJE-00158-00036947-00037047 1374. 0xulEb82fJE-00159-00037047-00037487 No matter I well I make the animal handling roll, I can't break in a Juggernaught of Khorne. 0xulEb82fJE-00160-00037487-00037587 1375. 0xulEb82fJE-00161-00037587-00038034 Setting Jawas on fire with a magnifying glass is an automatic dark side point. 0xulEb82fJE-00162-00038034-00038134 1376. 0xulEb82fJE-00163-00038134-00038512 Motorcycle tires will cause aggravated wounds on a case by case basis. 0xulEb82fJE-00164-00038512-00038612 1377. 0xulEb82fJE-00165-00038612-00038742 No feat affects hang time. 0xulEb82fJE-00166-00038742-00038842 1378. 0xulEb82fJE-00167-00038842-00039239 We will limit the total amount of conversation on the topic of "Hot Gnome on Gnome action." 0xulEb82fJE-00168-00039239-00039345 1379. 0xulEb82fJE-00169-00039345-00039805 I will not threaten to glue the old rules for gnomes over the new rules for Elves Mk 0xulEb82fJE-00170-00039805-00039905 II. 0xulEb82fJE-00171-00039905-00040005 1380. 0xulEb82fJE-00172-00040005-00040309 Even if the rules allow it, I cannot disarm someone in melee with a longbow. 0xulEb82fJE-00173-00040309-00040409 1381. 0xulEb82fJE-00174-00040409-00040789 I will just not dump the vampire in the Umbra and call it a day. 0xulEb82fJE-00175-00040789-00040889 1382. 0xulEb82fJE-00176-00040889-00041205 Growing a goatee will not give me a bonus for sneaking into the villain's lair. 0xulEb82fJE-00177-00041205-00041305 1383. 0xulEb82fJE-00178-00041305-00041538 Portable Plothole is not a real magic item. 0xulEb82fJE-00179-00041538-00041638 1384. 0xulEb82fJE-00180-00041638-00041957 I will not start a Ponzi scheme involving the entire party. 0xulEb82fJE-00181-00041957-00042057 1385. 0xulEb82fJE-00182-00042057-00042407 Even if I couldn't attend the session when everything went to hell, it's still my fault. 0xulEb82fJE-00183-00042407-00042507 1386. 0xulEb82fJE-00184-00042507-00042889 The Stanley Cup does not have the same power as the Holy Grail, even on Canadians. 0xulEb82fJE-00185-00042889-00042989 1387. 0xulEb82fJE-00186-00042989-00043412 The MMORPG convert doesn't actually have to role play in his first game. 0xulEb82fJE-00187-00043412-00043512 1388. 0xulEb82fJE-00188-00043512-00043873 Characters wanting to join the party do not have to undergo the Flash Gordon tree monster 0xulEb82fJE-00189-00043873-00043995 ceremony. 0xulEb82fJE-00190-00043995-00044117 1389. 0xulEb82fJE-00191-00044117-00044427 I cannot have a palanquin in my starting gear. 0xulEb82fJE-00192-00044427-00044527 1390. 0xulEb82fJE-00193-00044527-00044851 Having a reputation for having a reputation does not grant me more reputation. 0xulEb82fJE-00194-00044851-00044951 1391. 0xulEb82fJE-00195-00044951-00045152 I will quit hogging the legend chips. 0xulEb82fJE-00196-00045152-00045252 1392. 0xulEb82fJE-00197-00045252-00045534 No digging out all the bullets in my character and reusing them. 0xulEb82fJE-00198-00045534-00045634 1393. 0xulEb82fJE-00199-00045634-00045903 No using the grapple rules to change the course of history. 0xulEb82fJE-00200-00045903-00046003 1394. 0xulEb82fJE-00201-00046003-00046404 I will not take on the entire dungeon using only one body part to attack. 0xulEb82fJE-00202-00046404-00046504 1395. 0xulEb82fJE-00203-00046504-00046833 Eldar really hate it when you greet them with "Live long and prosper" 0xulEb82fJE-00204-00046833-00046933 1396. 0xulEb82fJE-00205-00046933-00047309 No matter his condition, we aren’t selling the villain’s corpse as modern art. 0xulEb82fJE-00206-00047309-00047409 1397. 0xulEb82fJE-00207-00047409-00047771 Count on a back up villain if we ace the first one in two rounds without damage. 0xulEb82fJE-00208-00047771-00047871 1398. 0xulEb82fJE-00209-00047871-00048318 I will not give my preteen kids my work number, especially if I’m on a Black Ops. 0xulEb82fJE-00210-00048318-00048418 1399. 0xulEb82fJE-00211-00048418-00049103 The Monkey Grip feat doesn’t have anything to do with gripping monkeys. 0yysZnooCb4-00000-00000067-00000484 As you may know, Zimbabwe may have elections in 2012. 0yysZnooCb4-00001-00000484-00000946 And for us the key issues are how to ensure that those elections 0yysZnooCb4-00002-00000946-00001458 are genuinely free and fair, and democratic. And how to ensure that we have 0yysZnooCb4-00003-00001458-00002047 strong democratic institutions and that our security forces do not interfere 0yysZnooCb4-00004-00002047-00002313 in our political and civilian affairs. 0yysZnooCb4-00005-00002313-00002649 We are happy that our regional bloc, SADAC, the Southern 0yysZnooCb4-00006-00002649-00003136 African Development Community, is very clear and insists that Zimbabwe's 0yysZnooCb4-00007-00003136-00003519 elections must be free and fair; must comply with the regional minimum 0yysZnooCb4-00008-00003519-00004054 standards for the conduct of democratic elections; and relations around 0yysZnooCb4-00009-00004054-00004239 transfer of power. 0yysZnooCb4-00010-00004239-00004700 We are hopeful that the international community will support a certain consensus, 0yysZnooCb4-00011-00004700-00005092 and move swiftly to ensure that there is stability, 0yysZnooCb4-00012-00005092-00005230 peace and development in Zimbabwe. 0zjuugCubdU-00000-00000404-00000610 Good morning. 0zjuugCubdU-00001-00000610-00000986 mr. Lynch. 0zjuugCubdU-00002-00000986-00002023 It's August 7, 2021 and it's a Saturday. 0zjuugCubdU-00003-00002023-00003134 Here in Naples 31 celsius around 88 fahrenheit and 0zjuugCubdU-00004-00003134-00004435 this means that isn't that very, very, very, very hot day like in these days and in this 0zjuugCubdU-00005-00004435-00004535 period 0zjuugCubdU-00006-00004535-00005632 and thanks to these 4-5 degrees less than yesterday it's a pleasant atmosphere, time 0zjuugCubdU-00007-00005632-00005876 and weather. 0zjuugCubdU-00008-00005876-00006505 So it's good and obviously it's a total sunny day. 0zjuugCubdU-00009-00006505-00007391 Today I was thinking nothing of particular or special, 0zjuugCubdU-00010-00007391-00008154 only to fact that the hair are growing because on Monday 0zjuugCubdU-00011-00008154-00009470 it will be already a week from the shaved head or buzz cut head. 0zjuugCubdU-00012-00009470-00010304 So slowy the hair are growing. 0zjuugCubdU-00013-00010304-00010665 Anyway 0zjuugCubdU-00014-00010665-00011814 has he can see from the mythical window with the coloured courtains behind me today we 0zjuugCubdU-00015-00011814-00011964 have 0zjuugCubdU-00016-00011964-00013103 those beautiful, beautiful blue skies all along the way. 0zjuugCubdU-00017-00013103-00014484 So from the mythical window with the coloured courtains and from my myhtical keyboard have 0zjuugCubdU-00018-00014484-00014813 a great day him and everyone too! 0-JFxwHDucg-00000-00000000-00000200 Music 0_SIbHV2bho-00000-00000053-00000324 » Neil Smith: My recollection was that the Asian economic crisis, 0_SIbHV2bho-00001-00000324-00000612 which is called an Asian economic crisis even though Russia 0_SIbHV2bho-00002-00000612-00001046 and Brazil were the largest economies hammered by it, 0_SIbHV2bho-00003-00001046-00001532 that [at] exactly that moment a lot of the discussion of Marx in those places dried out precisely 0_SIbHV2bho-00004-00001532-00002027 because they would have to start to deal not just with Marx's analytical 0_SIbHV2bho-00005-00002027-00002514 diagnosis of capitalism but his understanding of crises and the inevitability 0_SIbHV2bho-00006-00002514-00003354 of disequilibrium and crisis. » Harvey: One of the things that I think you can learn from Marx, 0_SIbHV2bho-00007-00003354-00003794 and I emphasize this more when I teach it now, 0_SIbHV2bho-00008-00003794-00004105 is that he doesn't actually talk about 0_SIbHV2bho-00009-00004105-00004730 the transition to socialism or communism. He doesn't talk about that very much at all. 0_SIbHV2bho-00010-00004730-00005120 And in fact, he doesn't talk about that since 0_SIbHV2bho-00011-00005120-00005559 he was anti-utopian, so he didn't want to lay out blueprints. 0_SIbHV2bho-00012-00005559-00006259 But what you do get in Capital is a theory of how societies change. 0_SIbHV2bho-00013-00006334-00006768 And a lot of that is located in footnote 10, Chapter 15. 0_SIbHV2bho-00014-00006768-00007338 Which now I spend a lot of time on - I spend a whole session just on that footnote. 0_SIbHV2bho-00015-00007338-00007558 Which I didn't do when I was teaching 0_SIbHV2bho-00016-00007558-00007970 it back in your time, I didn't recognize quite the significance of that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00017-00007970-00008497 But as a theory of social change it not only tells you how… » Neil Smith: Which Footnote? 0_SIbHV2bho-00018-00008497-00009019 -It's the footnote where he talks about his relationship to Darwin and how technology discloses 0_SIbHV2bho-00019-00009019-00009510 the social relations, and the relation to nature and all those kinds of things. 0_SIbHV2bho-00020-00009510-00009893 So I spend a lot of time on this and I say 'Well, actually 0_SIbHV2bho-00021-00009893-00010392 what we're seeing there is an argument about how feudalism transformed 0_SIbHV2bho-00022-00010392-00010921 into Capitalism and if that's how that happened, then what we should do is use the ideas in that footnote, 0_SIbHV2bho-00023-00010921-00011482 to think about the transition to Socialism, which allows you to have a critique 0_SIbHV2bho-00024-00011482-00011924 of what went wrong in the Soviet Union, what went wrong in actually existing Communism 0_SIbHV2bho-00025-00011924-00012601 and why they didn't succeed as much as they could have done if they had had 0_SIbHV2bho-00026-00012601-00013198 a better idea of what Communist development should be about. So I emphasize that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00027-00013198-00013637 That footnote is not only about telling us what has happened, but also we can use it 0_SIbHV2bho-00028-00013637-00014307 as a way of theorizing about how to change the society we're in. 0_SIbHV2bho-00029-00016007-00016435 I probably remarked in the first lecture, 0_SIbHV2bho-00030-00016435-00017295 Marx rarely, if ever, attempts to create a kind of manual of the procedure that he's following. 0_SIbHV2bho-00031-00017295-00017579 So if you want to know 0_SIbHV2bho-00032-00017579-00018285 what his method is, you have to either watch him do it, like as you do in Capital, 0_SIbHV2bho-00033-00018285-00018779 or else you have to resort to 0_SIbHV2bho-00034-00018779-00019269 consideration of these occasional, very cryptic, condensed statements 0_SIbHV2bho-00035-00019269-00019864 about how he is going about understanding the world and what it 0_SIbHV2bho-00036-00019864-00020738 means to to try to apply that method to the understanding of a capitalist mode of production. 0_SIbHV2bho-00037-00020738-00021399 And in this footnote, he actually lays out many basic ideas. 0_SIbHV2bho-00038-00021399-00022137 And the first deals with his relationship with Darwin, 0_SIbHV2bho-00039-00022137-00022752 when he says: "A critical history of technology…", 0_SIbHV2bho-00040-00022752-00023241 Again, an interesting phrase because at this point in time, probably nobody had ever thought 0_SIbHV2bho-00041-00023241-00023497 of writing a critical history of technology. 0_SIbHV2bho-00042-00023497-00023933 So that in itself was an innovative idea at the time. 0_SIbHV2bho-00043-00023933-00024558 But he said "…would show how little of the inventions of the 18th century were the work of a single individual as such, 0_SIbHV2bho-00044-00024558-00024838 as yet such a book does not exist. 0_SIbHV2bho-00045-00024838-00025495 Darwin has directed attention to the history of natural technology i.e. the formation of the organs of plants and animals 0_SIbHV2bho-00046-00025495-00025974 which serves the instruments of production for sustaining their life." 0_SIbHV2bho-00047-00025974-00027266 This is an interesting idea, that evolution is equipping organisms with instruments of production for sustaining their life. 0_SIbHV2bho-00048-00027266-00027736 And then Marx goes on to say: "Does not the history of the productive organs of man in society 0_SIbHV2bho-00049-00027736-00028430 -of organs that are the material basis of every particular organization of society- deserve equal attention? 0_SIbHV2bho-00050-00028430-00029183 And would not such a history be easier to compile since, as Vico says, human history differs from natural history 0_SIbHV2bho-00051-00029183-00029558 in that we've made the former, but not the latter?" 0_SIbHV2bho-00052-00029558-00029772 Vico's argument was that 0_SIbHV2bho-00053-00029772-00030512 as far as natural law was concerned, we would never be in a position to understand it. That was God's domain, 0_SIbHV2bho-00054-00030512-00031034 and God works in mysterious ways so we would never really properly understand it, but that 0_SIbHV2bho-00055-00031034-00031550 we could understand what we ourselves had done and that therefore human history was 0_SIbHV2bho-00056-00031550-00032245 less mysterious or could be made less mysterious simply because it was humans who had made it. 0_SIbHV2bho-00057-00032245-00032583 Marx is taking up that idea. 0_SIbHV2bho-00058-00032583-00033112 Now the point of the history of technology has been actually already advanced and set out 0_SIbHV2bho-00059-00033112-00033512 a couple of times already in the proceeding pages, for instance, 0_SIbHV2bho-00060-00033512-00034435 if you go back to page 286 0_SIbHV2bho-00061-00034435-00035372 there he talks about Franklin, and defining Man as a tool-making animal. 0_SIbHV2bho-00062-00035372-00035841 And he says that "relics of by-gone instruments of labour 0_SIbHV2bho-00063-00035841-00036436 possess the same important investigation of extinct economic formations 0_SIbHV2bho-00064-00036436-00037172 of society, as do fossil burns for the determination of extinct species of animals. 0_SIbHV2bho-00065-00037172-00037487 It's not what is made, but how? 0_SIbHV2bho-00066-00037487-00038187 And by what instruments of labour that distinguishes different economic epochs." 0_SIbHV2bho-00067-00038244-00038847 There's a footnote there, footnote six where he says: "The writers of history have so far paid very little attention 0_SIbHV2bho-00068-00038847-00039619 to the development of material production which is the basis of all social life. And therefore of all real history." 0_SIbHV2bho-00069-00039619-00040296 And again, on page 468, he says: 0_SIbHV2bho-00070-00040296-00040950 "The Roman Empire handed down the elementary form of all machinery in the shape of the waterwheel. 0_SIbHV2bho-00071-00040950-00041500 The handicraft period bequeathed to us the great inventions of the compass, gun powder, type-printing and the automatic clock. 0_SIbHV2bho-00072-00041500-00042440 But on the whole machinery played that subordinate part which Adam Smith assigns to it in comparison with division of labour." 0_SIbHV2bho-00073-00042440-00043053 So this idea that there has been a human evolutionary process 0_SIbHV2bho-00074-00043053-00043718 in which we can distinguish something about the differences which have occurred in different societies, 0_SIbHV2bho-00075-00043718-00044174 by the nature of the technologies which we see. 0_SIbHV2bho-00076-00044225-00044613 This idea is very important in Marx. 0_SIbHV2bho-00077-00044613-00045150 And very important in Marxian historiography. 0_SIbHV2bho-00078-00045150-00045893 But we need to think closely about exactly what that means, and we'll get to that in a minute. 0_SIbHV2bho-00079-00045893-00046645 Of course, Marx here is also seeing himself as talking about the evolution of human society. 0_SIbHV2bho-00080-00046645-00047126 And seeing that as a continuation of the sorts of 0_SIbHV2bho-00081-00047126-00047758 arguments that Darwin had laid out about the evolution of the natural order in general. 0_SIbHV2bho-00082-00047758-00048352 So in a way, Marx saw himself as continuing Darwin's work - into human history. 0_SIbHV2bho-00083-00048352-00048750 But with a qualitative shift for the reasons that Vico had laid out. 0_SIbHV2bho-00084-00048750-00049580 But he was greatly admiring of the way in which Darwin had been prepared to write about 0_SIbHV2bho-00085-00049580-00050113 evolution in the particular way that he had. 0_SIbHV2bho-00086-00050113-00050796 Even though elsewhere you find Marx being critical of what it is that Darwin actually sees. 0_SIbHV2bho-00087-00050796-00051594 In a commentary he wrote, to Engels I think it was, and I'm quoting from memory here, 0_SIbHV2bho-00088-00051594-00052030 Marx says something like "It's amusing to see how 0_SIbHV2bho-00089-00052030-00052835 Darwin when he looks at nature sees all those divisions of labour and specializations of functions, and all of the competitive world, 0_SIbHV2bho-00090-00052835-00053244 and survival of the fittest etc." 0_SIbHV2bho-00091-00053244-00053838 That actually it was characteristic of British industrial capitalism at the time. 0_SIbHV2bho-00092-00053838-00054350 And there's one interesting reason for that, 0_SIbHV2bho-00093-00054350-00055179 which is that Darwin was married to the Daughter of Sir Josiah Wedgwood who happened to be one of the great pottery industrialists. 0_SIbHV2bho-00094-00055179-00055783 And so Darwin was very very familiar with those aspects of British capitalism 0_SIbHV2bho-00095-00055783-00056527 which were about specialization, division of labour, competition, and all the rest of it. 0_SIbHV2bho-00096-00056527-00056963 Across the history of Evolution, 0_SIbHV2bho-00097-00056963-00057532 the Russian Evolutionists couldn't understand Darwin at all, and they emphasize things like 0_SIbHV2bho-00098-00057532-00058260 cooperation and collabouration. One of the famous Naturalists 0_SIbHV2bho-00099-00058260-00058720 from that environment was none other than Kropotkin 0_SIbHV2bho-00100-00058720-00059828 who provided the 'antidote' to social Darwinism by talking about societies based on mutual aid and understanding. 0_SIbHV2bho-00101-00060403-00061237 But in a way, Darwin's predilection to see British society in the natural world is given-away in Darwin's actual introduction. 0_SIbHV2bho-00102-00061237-00061597 Because Darwin in his introduction to 'The origin of species' 0_SIbHV2bho-00103-00061597-00062355 says, well he was casting around for a way to think of the things that he was looking at, 0_SIbHV2bho-00104-00062355-00062904 and he got very impressed when he read Malthus' Principles of Population, 0_SIbHV2bho-00105-00062904-00063852 so it actually was a social analysis that Malthus produced, which was Darwin's inspiration 0_SIbHV2bho-00106-00063852-00064319 and since by and large Marx could not stand Malthus, 0_SIbHV2bho-00107-00064319-00065283 it would be understandable that Marx would very quickly see in Darwin's Origin of Species that there was 0_SIbHV2bho-00108-00065283-00065519 a social underpinning, a set of social metaphors 0_SIbHV2bho-00109-00065519-00066646 that were going to be drawn into the actual way in which Darwin depicted the evolutionary process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00110-00066714-00067632 So the thing we draw from this is that Marx is going to be concerned with an evolutionary process, with the dynamics. 0_SIbHV2bho-00111-00067632-00068099 He's never going to talk about society as some static entity, 0_SIbHV2bho-00112-00068099-00068764 he's always going to talk about it as something in motion, constantly evolving from one form to another. 0_SIbHV2bho-00113-00068764-00069572 This of course underlies the language which I've drawn attention to, several times, which is this language about process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00114-00069572-00070022 Marx is always talking about the fluidity of process, the fluidity of change, 0_SIbHV2bho-00115-00070022-00070409 how things are changing - how this is evolving out of that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00116-00070409-00071277 In this chapter of course, we're going to see how industrial capitalism emerges out of manufacturing 0_SIbHV2bho-00117-00071277-00071771 and how simpler systems of co-operation and divisions of labour are put together 0_SIbHV2bho-00118-00071771-00072303 in a radically different way to constitute a distinctively capitalist mode of production, 0_SIbHV2bho-00119-00072303-00073124 which is different from the manufacturing mode of production, which he has analyzed in a previous chapter. 0_SIbHV2bho-00120-00073124-00073870 The second part of this quote is even more intriguing and more important to grapple with. 0_SIbHV2bho-00121-00073870-00074400 what he does in the second part is to set up an argument, 0_SIbHV2bho-00122-00074400-00075400 about relations between what I will call 'moments'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00123-00075400-00076022 He says: "Technology reveals the active relation of man to nature, 0_SIbHV2bho-00124-00076022-00076392 The direct process of production of his life. 0_SIbHV2bho-00125-00076392-00076942 And thereby it also lays bare the process of the production of the social relations of his life 0_SIbHV2bho-00126-00076942-00077559 and of the mental conceptions that flow from these relations." 0_SIbHV2bho-00127-00077559-00077939 What this is doing in effect, is setting up 0_SIbHV2bho-00128-00077939-00078567 a set of categories through which we start to look at this evolutionary process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00129-00078567-00078781 The categories look like this: 0_SIbHV2bho-00130-00078781-00079454 We have (1) technology. 0_SIbHV2bho-00131-00079454-00080624 The technology is expressive of (2) the relation to nature. 0_SIbHV2bho-00132-00080868-00081568 Then we talk about (3) the actual process of production. 0_SIbHV2bho-00133-00082457-00082869 And while Marx doesn't break this out for separate consideration, 0_SIbHV2bho-00134-00082869-00083488 it is the process of production whereby life is reproduced. 0_SIbHV2bho-00135-00083488-00084476 So we have another category here which we can in a shadowy way introduce, 0_SIbHV2bho-00136-00084476-00085176 which is (4) the reproduction of daily life. 0_SIbHV2bho-00137-00085422-00086358 Then we have a set of (5) social relations 0_SIbHV2bho-00138-00086576-00087697 and then we have a set of (6) mental conceptions of the world. 0_SIbHV2bho-00139-00087697-00088572 The interesting thing here is to immediately sit down and say 'How is Marx understanding 0_SIbHV2bho-00140-00088572-00089224 the relations between these elements?' 0_SIbHV2bho-00141-00089224-00090165 One way in which you could look at this is, is to say that Marx is a technological determinist. 0_SIbHV2bho-00142-00090165-00090833 If you have had the misfortune to read Thomas Friedman's 'flat Earth society' piece, 0_SIbHV2bho-00143-00090833-00091488 at some point or other he says 'People are accusing me of being a technological determinist, [But] that's Marx.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00144-00091488-00091806 And he said 'Well, if that's the case, I'm a Marxist'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00145-00091806-00092481 And a lot of the reviewers went into this thing about how Marx is a technological determinist and Friedman is following Marx 0_SIbHV2bho-00146-00092481-00092930 which is pretty ridiculous when you think of the politics of it, 0_SIbHV2bho-00147-00092930-00093942 but it's even substantively, I think, incorrect because Marx does not say 'technology determines'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00148-00093942-00094479 He says 'technology reveals' 0_SIbHV2bho-00149-00094479-00095851 and in the other translation it's 'technology discloses' the relation to nature. 0_SIbHV2bho-00150-00095851-00096659 So we're going to look at that relationship between technology and nature. 0_SIbHV2bho-00151-00096659-00096952 We can actually, if we wish, 0_SIbHV2bho-00152-00096952-00097338 push this a bit further to talk about the process of production of nature, 0_SIbHV2bho-00153-00097338-00097975 how human beings are producing nature through their new technologies. 0_SIbHV2bho-00154-00097975-00098445 Through things like genetic engineering, modification 0_SIbHV2bho-00155-00098445-00098796 of plants, animals, modification of environments. 0_SIbHV2bho-00156-00098796-00099364 There is a process of production of nature going on 0_SIbHV2bho-00157-00099364-00099951 So when Marx is talking about technology he is talking about a relation between the two 0_SIbHV2bho-00158-00099951-00100581 and of course there is a relationship between technology and the labour process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00159-00100581-00101502 The process of production is essentially the labour process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00160-00101502-00102316 And as we've seen, labour processes occur under given technological conditions, and the technological conditions change, 0_SIbHV2bho-00161-00102316-00102710 and the labour processes change. 0_SIbHV2bho-00162-00102710-00103483 But as they change, so of course, does the whole process of reproduction of daily life. 0_SIbHV2bho-00163-00103483-00103895 What is daily life about? What kinds of commodities are we getting? 0_SIbHV2bho-00164-00103895-00104414 How is daily life lived by the labourer in the factory, but also 0_SIbHV2bho-00165-00104414-00104819 in reproduction process? 0_SIbHV2bho-00166-00104819-00105789 And of course technology is caught up, as is our reproduction of daily life, with social relations, 0_SIbHV2bho-00167-00105789-00106489 and social relations with mental conceptions. Mental conceptions are embodied in technologies, 0_SIbHV2bho-00168-00106629-00107304 at the same time as technologies profoundly affect our mental conceptions. 0_SIbHV2bho-00169-00107304-00107715 We started to understand the world very, very differently when we had things like 0_SIbHV2bho-00170-00107715-00108000 microscopes and telescopes. 0_SIbHV2bho-00171-00108000-00108818 We started to understand the technology that allows us to see, it's an extension of our seeing capacity. 0_SIbHV2bho-00172-00108818-00109282 We can now see into outer space thanks to the Hubble telescope and things like that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00173-00109282-00109619 So technologies are altering our mental conceptions 0_SIbHV2bho-00174-00109619-00110265 at the same time as a mental conceptions are being embodied in the technologies. 0_SIbHV2bho-00175-00110265-00110867 What I think Marx is doing here, is setting up these 0_SIbHV2bho-00176-00110867-00111793 categories in order to draw attention to those moments, if you like, where 0_SIbHV2bho-00177-00111793-00112165 dynamic change can occur. 0_SIbHV2bho-00178-00112165-00112761 Now, if you reflect on this you will see a number of different theories of social change. 0_SIbHV2bho-00179-00112761-00113627 If you say technology is the prime force, and it causes all the others to change, 0_SIbHV2bho-00180-00113627-00114182 then you're in the position of being a technological determinist. 0_SIbHV2bho-00181-00114182-00114911 If you say nature is the prime force, then you're being an environmental determinist. 0_SIbHV2bho-00182-00114911-00115404 you're being Jared Diamond or Jeffrey Sachs. 0_SIbHV2bho-00183-00115404-00116074 If you said the process of production, the labour- process is the primary force of change, 0_SIbHV2bho-00184-00116074-00116854 you'd be siding with a lot of the autonomista worker marxists in Italy, 0_SIbHV2bho-00185-00116854-00117458 somebody like John Holloway who says in 'Changing the world without taking power': 0_SIbHV2bho-00186-00117458-00117950 'The only place where real change occurs is through a transformation of labouring.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00187-00117950-00118558 And it is therefore a very workerish kind of understanding of the dynamics and dialectics of change, 0_SIbHV2bho-00188-00118558-00118941 that this is the point which gives you change. 0_SIbHV2bho-00189-00118941-00119261 What about reproduction of daily life? Well, 0_SIbHV2bho-00190-00119261-00119890 there are many people who say 'look, you've got to change your lifestyle in order to change the world. 0_SIbHV2bho-00191-00119890-00120371 You want the world to change then you have to start to change your consumption habits; 0_SIbHV2bho-00192-00120371-00120654 the personal is political.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00193-00120654-00121229 The movements around sexuality, movements around 0_SIbHV2bho-00194-00121229-00121608 the actual reproduction process in the household all those kinds of things, 0_SIbHV2bho-00195-00121608-00122083 play a very big role in social change. So you'll find people who'll say: 0_SIbHV2bho-00196-00122083-00122358 'Well, that's where it's really at. 0_SIbHV2bho-00197-00122358-00122739 And then of course: social relations, 0_SIbHV2bho-00198-00122739-00123123 You could say that Marx is not a technological determinist, that he was 0_SIbHV2bho-00199-00123123-00123776 a class struggle determinist, and that class struggle is the moving force of history. 0_SIbHV2bho-00200-00123776-00124531 And he says that, at various places, it is a moving force of historical change. 0_SIbHV2bho-00201-00124531-00124830 What about mental conceptions of the world? 0_SIbHV2bho-00202-00124830-00125465 Well, if you're a hegelian idealist you say that's what really is critical, 0_SIbHV2bho-00203-00125465-00125963 and you don't have to be a hegelian idealist to say 'actually it's ideas that change the world'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00204-00125963-00126589 And you'll find people write things and say 'Well, it was a change of ideas that changed everything'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00205-00126589-00127125 In her most recent book for example, Naomi Klein in 'Disaster Capitalism' comes close 0_SIbHV2bho-00206-00127125-00127654 to attributing it all to the ideas of Milton Friedman. 0_SIbHV2bho-00207-00127654-00128339 And it's there's some very interesting, good stuff in there, but at a certain point, 0_SIbHV2bho-00208-00128339-00128731 it seems like the forcing thing was Milton Friedman sitting down and rewriting 0_SIbHV2bho-00209-00128731-00129202 a bunch of ideas and everybody suddenly got them locked in their heads and started behaving 0_SIbHV2bho-00210-00129202-00129546 like mini-Friedmanites. 0_SIbHV2bho-00211-00129715-00130047 It is interesting when you start to look at this to say 'Well, 0_SIbHV2bho-00212-00130047-00130679 how many historical things have you read which puts one or other of these in the forefront of the thing? 0_SIbHV2bho-00213-00130679-00131183 Now, is Marx during that, is Marx actually doing that here? 0_SIbHV2bho-00214-00131183-00131696 From what you've read of Capital so far you'd have to say 'No'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00215-00131696-00131928 He doesn't use causal language, 0_SIbHV2bho-00216-00131928-00132076 he doesn't say a change in this causes all of these things to change. 0_SIbHV2bho-00217-00132424-00133208 It's not even a interactive dynamic model in which 0_SIbHV2bho-00218-00133208-00133586 that affects that and then this affects something else, and then this comes back and it affects the 0_SIbHV2bho-00219-00133586-00133987 technology. I don't think it's even that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00220-00133987-00134776 More problematically, the question is: Is this the classic hegelian idea of the totality? 0_SIbHV2bho-00221-00134776-00135322 Because Hegel's idea of a totality was elements 0_SIbHV2bho-00222-00135322-00135922 which are locked together as internal relations, each of each other, 0_SIbHV2bho-00223-00135922-00136586 and it's a kind of organic view of the totality. 0_SIbHV2bho-00224-00136586-00137093 And again I don't think Marx is being hegelian, 0_SIbHV2bho-00225-00137093-00137566 he probably sets it up coming out of the hegelian view, 0_SIbHV2bho-00226-00137566-00138533 that you need to specify the distinctive moments which are at work, transforming the world. 0_SIbHV2bho-00227-00138533-00139061 In the Hegelian view this organic 0_SIbHV2bho-00228-00139061-00139510 system would have an imminence. It would be evolving in some kind of way according 0_SIbHV2bho-00229-00139510-00140303 to a very tightly specified dynamic of possibilities. 0_SIbHV2bho-00230-00140303-00141051 Marx, it seems to me, is leaving this much more open, it's a much more ecological kind of system. 0_SIbHV2bho-00231-00141051-00141530 These are in relation to each other, yes, 0_SIbHV2bho-00232-00141530-00141921 and they're constantly interactive with each other, 0_SIbHV2bho-00233-00141921-00142531 but you cannot actually determine the interaction within the world of nature for example, 0_SIbHV2bho-00234-00142531-00142929 simply by looking what's happening everywhere else. There's something autonomous about every one 0_SIbHV2bho-00235-00142929-00143449 of these moments, 0_SIbHV2bho-00236-00143449-00144350 So that there is the possibility of all kinds of radical transformations occurring. 0_SIbHV2bho-00237-00144500-00144864 This is something we need to look at in this chapter on machinery, 0_SIbHV2bho-00238-00144864-00145446 if you look at how he sets op the argument about machinery, 0_SIbHV2bho-00239-00145446-00146142 you will see that he invokes many of these elements throughout. 0_SIbHV2bho-00240-00146142-00146643 He will be talking about mental conceptions, he'll be talking about science and technology, 0_SIbHV2bho-00241-00146643-00147022 the way in which mental conceptions get incorporated in the machine, the way in which 0_SIbHV2bho-00242-00147022-00147883 mental conceptions are set up in the design of the machine. 0_SIbHV2bho-00243-00147883-00148530 But he doesn't say: 'therefore it's the inventors who've changed the world'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00244-00148530-00149007 Again, for some of the reasons I've suggested, that is the technology has as much to do with 0_SIbHV2bho-00245-00149007-00149349 the mental conceptions as the mental conceptions with the technology. 0_SIbHV2bho-00246-00149349-00149910 there's a powerful connectivity there. 0_SIbHV2bho-00247-00149910-00150988 These technologies are not absent in connectivity to social relations. 0_SIbHV2bho-00248-00150988-00151401 And again you'll see in this chapter when he's talking about technology he's saying 0_SIbHV2bho-00249-00151401-00151668 'the defining thing about a technology 0_SIbHV2bho-00250-00151668-00152023 is often the positionality of the worker in the labour process 0_SIbHV2bho-00251-00152023-00152712 and the social relation which comes out in relationship to capital.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00252-00152712-00153227 And when he gets to things like what's going on on the land 0_SIbHV2bho-00253-00153227-00153757 and what happened when James Watt came up with the steam engine, 0_SIbHV2bho-00254-00153757-00154440 we see the relation to nature suddenly getting radically transformed. 0_SIbHV2bho-00255-00154440-00155060 So we have all of these elements which are playing together 0_SIbHV2bho-00256-00155060-00156067 and this I think plays a very important role in asking questions 0_SIbHV2bho-00257-00156067-00156693 about how we understand what's going on in the world. 0_SIbHV2bho-00258-00156693-00157239 I remember, I was invited to South Korea, 0_SIbHV2bho-00259-00157239-00157500 two years ago now, 0_SIbHV2bho-00260-00157500-00157740 to chair a jury 0_SIbHV2bho-00261-00157740-00158440 about the design of a new town, a completely new city they were gonna build in central Korea. 0_SIbHV2bho-00262-00158538-00158945 And we had all these designs to look at and I was there with architects and urban designers, 0_SIbHV2bho-00263-00158945-00159215 that sort of thing. 0_SIbHV2bho-00264-00159215-00159920 They were absolutely animate of the strength of the circle shape and square shape 0_SIbHV2bho-00265-00159920-00160361 and they were actually discussing things in those terms. and I said 'Look, 0_SIbHV2bho-00266-00160361-00160906 I think when talking about this new city there, there are a number of questions we need 0_SIbHV2bho-00267-00160906-00161732 to ask, and the questions are: What kind of relation to nature is going to be constructed in this new city? 0_SIbHV2bho-00268-00161732-00162088 How is it going to be articulated? 0_SIbHV2bho-00269-00162088-00162523 what kind of daily life is going to be lived in the city, 0_SIbHV2bho-00270-00162523-00163027 and would you as architects or designers or engineers want to live in it? 0_SIbHV2bho-00271-00163027-00163378 What kind of social relations are there going to be? Because the city was essentially going 0_SIbHV2bho-00272-00163378-00163744 to be an administrative center. 0_SIbHV2bho-00273-00163744-00164539 They were going to decant all of the office spaces of all of the government ministries to this space. 0_SIbHV2bho-00274-00164539-00165475 And I said that's a recipe for total boring disaster, if you think of it, it'll be a kind of socio-technocratic misery. 0_SIbHV2bho-00275-00165475-00165878 Are those the kinds of relations you want to live with? 0_SIbHV2bho-00276-00165878-00166354 And what kind of symbolism are we constructing here? is this going to be a symbol of national identity? 0_SIbHV2bho-00277-00166354-00166738 Is it going to be a cosmopolitan kind of idea? 0_SIbHV2bho-00278-00166738-00167465 What kind of mental conception are you going to try and project into the world with this? So I went around, 0_SIbHV2bho-00279-00167465-00167897 laying out these these categorizations, they had never thought of this, 0_SIbHV2bho-00280-00167897-00168434 they thought about and they thought it was great for about ten minutes and then they went back to circles and squares… 0_SIbHV2bho-00281-00168434-00168716 Afterwards a couple came up to me and said: 0_SIbHV2bho-00282-00168716-00169058 That's such a great way of thinking about it, I never thought about it before, where did you 0_SIbHV2bho-00283-00169058-00169599 get that from? I said it was in footnote 4 0_SIbHV2bho-00284-00169599-00170171 of Capital, chapter on machinery and industry. Of course, they said 0_SIbHV2bho-00285-00170171-00170606 'oh god, there you go again, we always knew you were kind of just like that'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00286-00170606-00171071 But, actually if you were doing an anthropological inquiry, 0_SIbHV2bho-00287-00171071-00171682 into something, wouldn't this be a sensible set of issues to set up at the outset? 0_SIbHV2bho-00288-00171682-00171940 Let's think about all these things, 0_SIbHV2bho-00289-00171940-00172390 let's think about how they're interacting together, let's think about the dynamism that is 0_SIbHV2bho-00290-00172390-00172565 working them through. 0_SIbHV2bho-00291-00172565-00173074 This also plays I think a critical role in thinking about any kind 0_SIbHV2bho-00292-00173074-00173448 of revolutionary process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00293-00173448-00174170 That is, what would the transition to socialism out of capitalism look like? 0_SIbHV2bho-00294-00174170-00174546 What would it have to engage with? 0_SIbHV2bho-00295-00174546-00175050 My argument would be, it would have to engage with all of these elements. 0_SIbHV2bho-00296-00175050-00175882 One of the big problems, it seems to me, of lately lamented actually existing communism 0_SIbHV2bho-00297-00175882-00176119 was that they didn't do that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00298-00176119-00176905 It didn't ask these questions about daily life, it didn't ask these questions about the relation to nature. 0_SIbHV2bho-00299-00176905-00177766 it didn't imagine a world of dynamic interactions and dynamic transformations. 0_SIbHV2bho-00300-00177766-00178170 And this would then lay, back a little bit, and explain why, 0_SIbHV2bho-00301-00178170-00178695 although Marx says that class struggle is the motor of history, he also says 0_SIbHV2bho-00302-00178695-00179227 ideas are a material force in history. 0_SIbHV2bho-00303-00179227-00179421 Because you can have all kinds of 0_SIbHV2bho-00304-00179421-00179920 wishes about transforming your social relations, but unless you can change ideas, 0_SIbHV2bho-00305-00179920-00180478 the hegemony of ideas and all the rest of it, unless you can change that 0_SIbHV2bho-00306-00180478-00180798 nothing's gonna happen on the social relations front. 0_SIbHV2bho-00307-00180798-00181438 And we therefore have to think of this as a dynamic interaction. Now, 0_SIbHV2bho-00308-00181438-00182080 they're are some theorists who it seems to me have taken up this mode of thinking, 0_SIbHV2bho-00309-00182080-00182500 in recent times. in the marxist tradition 0_SIbHV2bho-00310-00182500-00182815 you have for example Lefebvre, 0_SIbHV2bho-00311-00182815-00183434 Now Lefebvre talks about ensembles of relations, 0_SIbHV2bho-00312-00183434-00184087 and this is not an organic system in the sense of it being just an organism, 0_SIbHV2bho-00313-00184087-00184712 it's organic in the sense of an ecology of an ensemble of relations, 0_SIbHV2bho-00314-00184712-00184835 which we're looking at. 0_SIbHV2bho-00315-00184835-00185213 And Lefebvre in a sense is highlighting this idea 0_SIbHV2bho-00316-00185213-00185752 that the ensemble relations is crucial to look at. 0_SIbHV2bho-00317-00185752-00186270 Another person who comes out of the marxist tradition, although most Americans 0_SIbHV2bho-00318-00186270-00186688 like they always think Foucault is out of it, they also think that Deleuze is outside of it, 0_SIbHV2bho-00319-00186688-00186942 Deleuze is very much in it! 0_SIbHV2bho-00320-00186942-00187381 And Deleuze talks about an assemblage, 0_SIbHV2bho-00321-00187381-00188145 and his idea of an assemblage is very much like this. 0_SIbHV2bho-00322-00188145-00188885 So you do have ways of thinking in Marx, which when you 0_SIbHV2bho-00323-00188885-00189098 think of them dialectically, 0_SIbHV2bho-00324-00189098-00189808 but this is again the point, if you read this passage in abstraction, 0_SIbHV2bho-00325-00189808-00190489 then you're gonna get one way of interpreting it. My interpretation of it comes out very much 0_SIbHV2bho-00326-00190489-00191196 from seeing how Marx works in Capital and then asking questions like: How is he talking about 0_SIbHV2bho-00327-00191196-00191705 the labour process? How is he talking about technology? How is he talking about the relation to nature? 0_SIbHV2bho-00328-00191705-00192110 Are they all implicated at various points in the argument? And I think as we've seen, 0_SIbHV2bho-00329-00192110-00192621 yes, they're always being implicated, sometimes very softly so, just an occasional 0_SIbHV2bho-00330-00192621-00193049 'well there's something about the relation to nature here which is important' or 'yeah, there's something 0_SIbHV2bho-00331-00193049-00193244 about social relations here' 0_SIbHV2bho-00332-00193244-00193645 or 'yeah, there's something about daily life', But we see all of these elements 0_SIbHV2bho-00333-00193645-00193916 cropping up in this particular chapter. 0_SIbHV2bho-00334-00193916-00194227 The other thing this does, 0_SIbHV2bho-00335-00194227-00194570 by thinking this through theoretically in this kind of way, 0_SIbHV2bho-00336-00194570-00195113 is to give you a way critiquing, 0_SIbHV2bho-00337-00195113-00195889 the way that for instance I've tried to critique what was being set up around this new town, gives you a mode of critique 0_SIbHV2bho-00338-00195889-00196192 it also gives you a mode of critique of Marx himself. 0_SIbHV2bho-00339-00196192-00196717 To what degree is he making suppositions about, for example, 0_SIbHV2bho-00340-00196717-00197425 the way in which mental conceptions get internalized in 0_SIbHV2bho-00341-00197425-00198226 technologies, and he omits, as it were, certain other aspects of the problem. 0_SIbHV2bho-00342-00198226-00198521 In my view, in this chapter 0_SIbHV2bho-00343-00198521-00199003 he pays very little attention to the reproduction of daily life except in 0_SIbHV2bho-00344-00199003-00199583 a few specific places. 0_SIbHV2bho-00345-00199583-00200099 And you could generally critique him for that, and as I think we'll see as we go through, 0_SIbHV2bho-00346-00200099-00200614 I think there's some very interesting residual problems which he leaves 0_SIbHV2bho-00347-00200614-00201351 in his account of machinery and modern industry, which we'll get to in due course. 0_SIbHV2bho-00348-00201351-00201906 So it's a way of saying 'well okay Carlos, you've set this up 0_SIbHV2bho-00349-00201906-00202412 in this particular way, how well are you really keeping to it? 0_SIbHV2bho-00350-00202412-00202626 And the answer is 0_SIbHV2bho-00351-00202626-00203091 'pretty damn well', but there are many elements where you could say there's real room for 0_SIbHV2bho-00352-00203091-00203565 significant transformation or improvement of what he had to say. 0_SIbHV2bho-00353-00203565-00204087 So that you're not locked in, as it were, in 'oh well he's said everything that has to be said 0_SIbHV2bho-00354-00204087-00204670 about the universe'. But I find this way of thinking about it very compelling, 0_SIbHV2bho-00355-00204670-00205159 provided you don't treat it as a causal structure, you don't read as a deterministic structure, 0_SIbHV2bho-00356-00205159-00205324 you don't treat it as a sort of 0_SIbHV2bho-00357-00205324-00205614 hegelian totality structure but you treat it 0_SIbHV2bho-00358-00205614-00206255 as a kind of open ensemble or an open assemblage of moments in 0_SIbHV2bho-00359-00206255-00206819 a process. Because he's interested in the evolution of society, 0_SIbHV2bho-00360-00206819-00207304 that's the first part of this quote, 'I'm interested in how society evolves'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00361-00207304-00207485 Second part of the quote is, 0_SIbHV2bho-00362-00207485-00208306 'it's going to evolve by all of these being involved in a co-evolution process of some kind'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00363-00208306-00208664 So he's setting up a co-evolutionary model 0_SIbHV2bho-00364-00208664-00209147 of how to understand the dynamics of capitalism and how to understand the transition 0_SIbHV2bho-00365-00209147-00209558 from feudalism to capitalism. 0_SIbHV2bho-00366-00209558-00210105 I think that the implication is therefore that we should be thinking 0_SIbHV2bho-00367-00210105-00210629 about this kind of thing and thinking about the transition from capitalism to socialism, 0_SIbHV2bho-00368-00210629-00211361 or anarchism or whatever -ism you particularly have in mind. 0_SIbHV2bho-00369-00211361-00211718 Now, the last part of the quote 0_SIbHV2bho-00370-00211718-00212072 takes us onto even more 0_SIbHV2bho-00371-00212072-00212359 complicated terrain, particularly when put in relationship to 0_SIbHV2bho-00372-00212359-00212755 this part of the quote. 0_SIbHV2bho-00373-00212755-00213455 He says this: 0_SIbHV2bho-00374-00213642-00213921 "Even a history of religion that is 0_SIbHV2bho-00375-00213921-00214460 written in abstraction from this material basis is uncritical." 0_SIbHV2bho-00376-00214460-00215271 So -this-, by the way, is the material basis, this whole set of relations. 0_SIbHV2bho-00377-00215271-00215663 "It is, in reality, much easier to discover by analysis 0_SIbHV2bho-00378-00215663-00216081 the earthly kernel of the misty creations of religion than to do the opposite, i.e. 0_SIbHV2bho-00379-00216081-00216536 to develop from the actual, given relations of life the forms in which these 0_SIbHV2bho-00380-00216536-00216803 have been apotheosized. 0_SIbHV2bho-00381-00216803-00217656 The latter method is the only materialist, and therefore the only scientific one. 0_SIbHV2bho-00382-00217656-00218006 The weaknesses of the abstract materialism of natural science, 0_SIbHV2bho-00383-00218006-00218530 a materialism which excludes the historical process, are immediately evident 0_SIbHV2bho-00384-00218530-00218952 from the abstract and ideological conceptions expressed by its spokesmen 0_SIbHV2bho-00385-00218952-00219819 whenever they venture beyond the bounds of their own speciality." 0_SIbHV2bho-00386-00219819-00220197 You can have a great time day going off and collecting evidence of that sort of thing in contemporary society, 0_SIbHV2bho-00387-00220197-00220624 a scientist gets in and starts telling you how the social world should be organized without 0_SIbHV2bho-00388-00220624-00221219 even understanding that they drew metaphors from the social world in order to construct the social world. 0_SIbHV2bho-00389-00221219-00221357 This is great… 0_SIbHV2bho-00390-00221357-00222052 Even more important here is this thing about "this is the only truly scientific method". 0_SIbHV2bho-00391-00222052-00222905 And it brings us back to something he wrote well before, and 0_SIbHV2bho-00392-00222905-00223515 there's some argument as to whether he's still holding to that when he's writing Capital, 0_SIbHV2bho-00393-00223515-00224377 but if you want any evidence on it you go back to page 175, 0_SIbHV2bho-00394-00224377-00224724 right at the beginning the text, 0_SIbHV2bho-00395-00224724-00225120 and you go back to footnote 35, 0_SIbHV2bho-00396-00225120-00225454 you go to the bottom of that footnote, 0_SIbHV2bho-00397-00225454-00226546 where he quotes from his 1859 Critique of political economy, the preface. 0_SIbHV2bho-00398-00226546-00227072 Which is a very famous passage which is always being quoted, and he quotes it here, he says: 0_SIbHV2bho-00399-00227072-00227555 "My view is that each particular mode of production, 0_SIbHV2bho-00400-00227555-00228302 and the relations of production corresponding to it at each given moment, in short 'the economic structure of society', 0_SIbHV2bho-00401-00228302-00229348 is 'the real foundation, on which arises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness', 0_SIbHV2bho-00402-00229348-00229888 and that 'the mode of production of material life, conditions the general process of social, political 0_SIbHV2bho-00403-00229888-00230352 and intellectual life'." 0_SIbHV2bho-00404-00230352-00230610 What he leaves out here, however, 0_SIbHV2bho-00405-00230610-00231452 is the following couple of sentences in which he says, it is in the superstructure, 0_SIbHV2bho-00406-00231452-00232430 where we become conscious of questions and where we fight out political struggles. 0_SIbHV2bho-00407-00232430-00233331 Now what is going on here is what is generally known as the base-superstructure argument. 0_SIbHV2bho-00408-00233331-00234414 There's supposedly an economic base, upon which there arises of superstructure of thought, 0_SIbHV2bho-00409-00234470-00235209 of politics, of law, and the like. 0_SIbHV2bho-00410-00235209-00235417 Now again, 0_SIbHV2bho-00411-00235417-00236096 you have to ask yourself the question: Is Marx talking in a deterministic mode here? 0_SIbHV2bho-00412-00236096-00236839 That is, is he saying the economic basis, which is technology, 0_SIbHV2bho-00413-00236839-00237247 process of production, social relations, all the rest of it, 0_SIbHV2bho-00414-00237247-00238148 is he saying the economic basis determines the superstructure? 0_SIbHV2bho-00415-00238148-00239054 The answer I think is 'No, he's not saying 'determines' at all, he very rarely uses phrases like 'determines', 0_SIbHV2bho-00416-00239054-00239959 and he'll use it in a logical sense but he won't use it about the social process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00417-00239959-00240404 Think back how this actually worked in the chapter on the working day, 0_SIbHV2bho-00418-00240404-00240747 how did it work? 0_SIbHV2bho-00419-00240747-00241338 The basis of the whole argument about the working days is this: 0_SIbHV2bho-00420-00241338-00241647 Value is socially necessary labour time, 0_SIbHV2bho-00421-00241647-00241986 time is therefore central. 0_SIbHV2bho-00422-00241986-00242344 "Moments of the elements of profit" 0_SIbHV2bho-00423-00242344-00242726 Capitalists are interested in time, they're interested in the worker's time. 0_SIbHV2bho-00424-00242726-00243202 They steal the seconds, they steal the minutes, 0_SIbHV2bho-00425-00243202-00243575 they want to lengthen the working day, they're into that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00426-00243575-00244430 Why? Because socially necessary labour time is the measure of value, 0_SIbHV2bho-00427-00244430-00244947 so that is the economic base. 0_SIbHV2bho-00428-00244947-00245364 And that explains when you're looking at he chapter of the working day, why 0_SIbHV2bho-00429-00245364-00246148 in the history of capitalism, the struggle over the working day and over temporality has been so central. 0_SIbHV2bho-00430-00246148-00246526 If you don't make that connection you're going to have a hell of a time explaining why it is 0_SIbHV2bho-00431-00246526-00246979 that capitalists do all the things they do around temporality, why they fight over minutes and seconds, 0_SIbHV2bho-00432-00246979-00247231 tea breaks and all that kind of stuff. 0_SIbHV2bho-00433-00247231-00247627 It's very hard to explain it unless you've got some kind of real force 0_SIbHV2bho-00434-00247627-00248147 which is explaining it. And Marx gives you a very simple way of understanding that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00435-00248147-00248840 Then when you look at how the argument over the length of the working day evolved, 0_SIbHV2bho-00436-00248840-00249204 remember the dialogue between the capitalist and the labourer at the beginning, the capitalist says: 0_SIbHV2bho-00437-00249204-00249639 I have my rights when I take as much as I can have of your labour time; 0_SIbHV2bho-00438-00249639-00250253 and the worker says 'but excuse me, you're are also taking a chunk of my life you can't do that.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00439-00250253-00250764 Both, remember, working through the law of exchanges. 0_SIbHV2bho-00440-00250764-00251250 And under those conditions what happens? between equal rights, force decides. 0_SIbHV2bho-00441-00251250-00251933 How did the equality of rights arise, how is it therefore that force decides? 0_SIbHV2bho-00442-00251933-00252566 Now would you say from reading that chapter that somehow or other it was all mechanically determined? 0_SIbHV2bho-00443-00252566-00252991 You wouldn't say that at all you, would say 'well there were shifting class alliances, 0_SIbHV2bho-00444-00252991-00253528 there was a dynamic in England at the time around this, and the dynamic was connected to the dynamics 0_SIbHV2bho-00445-00253528-00254106 going on in France and also what was going on in North America etc. 0_SIbHV2bho-00446-00254106-00254436 It's a very fluid kind of political process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00447-00254436-00255370 And Marx not saying that that process, the outcome of that process, is determined in advance. 0_SIbHV2bho-00448-00255370-00255874 As he says at the end of that chapter, it depends on workers putting their heads together and 0_SIbHV2bho-00449-00255874-00256699 deciding they're going to have a tremendous solidarious campaign 0_SIbHV2bho-00450-00256699-00257657 to make absolutely sure that they have a reasonable length of working day. 0_SIbHV2bho-00451-00257657-00258313 Notice, that does not abolish the problem which is there, 0_SIbHV2bho-00452-00258313-00259345 which is the capitalists need socially necessary labour time in order to perpetuate themselves. 0_SIbHV2bho-00453-00259345-00259838 Which explains why the struggles over the working day and over working time and all that kind of thing, 0_SIbHV2bho-00454-00259838-00260135 are never ultimately resolved under capitalism. 0_SIbHV2bho-00455-00260135-00260706 They are perpetual, they're as significant now as they were in Marx' time; 0_SIbHV2bho-00456-00260706-00261113 they're registered differently, there's a different legal superstructure, there's different politics 0_SIbHV2bho-00457-00261113-00261433 around it etc. 0_SIbHV2bho-00458-00261433-00261761 But it's the same damn problem. 0_SIbHV2bho-00459-00261761-00262377 and what Marx is saying is, that problem is something which exists in the very foundation 0_SIbHV2bho-00460-00262377-00262774 of what the capitalist mode production is necessarily about, and you're not going to get rid of 0_SIbHV2bho-00461-00262774-00263036 it until you get rid of capitalism. 0_SIbHV2bho-00462-00263036-00263303 End of story! 0_SIbHV2bho-00463-00263303-00264325 Yeah, you could nuance it, you could have a 35 hour week, you can have all kinds of 0_SIbHV2bho-00464-00264325-00264642 adjustments of that kind. But you can't 0_SIbHV2bho-00465-00264642-00265113 get rid of the problem and the debate will not go away, the capitalist class will at various points 0_SIbHV2bho-00466-00265113-00265804 come back as it has come back and said 'We want more hours, we want more time'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00467-00265804-00266265 Big protest about the CUNY contract tomorrow, right? 0_SIbHV2bho-00468-00266265-00266910 The last contract extended the working year of CUNY employees by about 4-5 days, 0_SIbHV2bho-00469-00266910-00267424 that's what they wanted, they wanted the extra time. 0_SIbHV2bho-00470-00267424-00268038 So it never goes away it's always there, everybody's always facing it. 0_SIbHV2bho-00471-00268038-00268578 So what Marx is saying here, is that the only scientific method, 0_SIbHV2bho-00472-00268578-00269231 is you need a concept, which is where the value theory concept starts to really kick in, 0_SIbHV2bho-00473-00269231-00270067 you need a concept which helps you explain why that phenomena is always with us and won't go away. 0_SIbHV2bho-00474-00270067-00270770 And that phenomena is, as he would say, in the economic base. 0_SIbHV2bho-00475-00270770-00271249 And that's what the economic base is about. 0_SIbHV2bho-00476-00271249-00271868 So I think what you have to do here, is to say again, this is not 0_SIbHV2bho-00477-00271868-00272305 a deterministic relationship, it's a dialectical relation, 0_SIbHV2bho-00478-00272305-00272550 a dialectical relation between 0_SIbHV2bho-00479-00272550-00273118 the constant search for socially necessary labour time on the part of the capitalist, 0_SIbHV2bho-00480-00273118-00273791 and the constant forms of resistance from those people, from whom the surplus labour-time is constantly being taken away, 0_SIbHV2bho-00481-00273791-00274068 that's the working class. 0_SIbHV2bho-00482-00274068-00274686 Which then does indeed put you into the dynamics of class struggle. 0_SIbHV2bho-00483-00274886-00276005 So, here he is not, I think, getting into a causal, simple mechanical sort of model. 0_SIbHV2bho-00484-00276201-00276833 One of the biggest difficult is it seems to me, are the positivist readings of Marx, 0_SIbHV2bho-00485-00276833-00277045 the mechanistic readings of Marx. 0_SIbHV2bho-00486-00277045-00277801 Somebody who comes in and says the only model of science which is valid is causality, mechanistic understanding, 0_SIbHV2bho-00487-00277801-00278165 would read this in turn this into a mechanistic model. 0_SIbHV2bho-00488-00278165-00278727 Then they would test it and find it's all wrong, and say 'well so Marx is stupid'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00489-00278727-00278932 And that's what a lot of them do, 0_SIbHV2bho-00490-00278932-00279312 and there are a lot of people within marxism who do that, for example, 0_SIbHV2bho-00491-00279312-00280015 the idea that productive forces are the motor of history, 0_SIbHV2bho-00492-00280015-00280550 is a very long standing one within many communist theorists 0_SIbHV2bho-00493-00280550-00281174 and even outside of communist theories, if you want one of the best examples 0_SIbHV2bho-00494-00281174-00281567 of a very intellectual defense of the idea, you'll read G.A. Cohen's 0_SIbHV2bho-00495-00281567-00281870 'Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence', 0_SIbHV2bho-00496-00281870-00282484 which argues that Marx is attributing to the productive forces 0_SIbHV2bho-00497-00282484-00283565 i.e. technologies, a primacy in the historical transformation. 0_SIbHV2bho-00498-00283565-00284098 so there's been a battle within marxism over this question, 0_SIbHV2bho-00499-00284098-00284666 the big battle is between those who say it's class struggle, and those who say it's technology. 0_SIbHV2bho-00500-00284666-00285235 Now we have the autonomistas saying 'It's the labour process.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00501-00285235-00286496 So even within marxism you will find a very significant battles, including also over the base-superstructure imagery. 0_SIbHV2bho-00502-00286496-00286977 But this is one of the places where you can start to sort that out, 0_SIbHV2bho-00503-00286977-00287252 but again you don't sort it out 0_SIbHV2bho-00504-00287252-00287982 theoretically, in the sense of finding odd quotes from Marx that support the class struggle the or some other view. 0_SIbHV2bho-00505-00287982-00288647 You sort it out, it seems to me, by looking carefully at how 0_SIbHV2bho-00506-00288647-00289556 he situates all of these elements together in the account that he's giving in Capital. 0_SIbHV2bho-00507-00289556-00290356 That is why this cryptic theoretical statement in the beginning of 'Machinery and Large-Scale Industry' is so important. 0_SIbHV2bho-00508-00290356-00290772 It says something about that, but it also draws your attention to the fact that he has this 0_SIbHV2bho-00509-00290772-00291495 in mind in writing this chapter. So one of the things you have to do, is to read this chapter, with this in mind! 0_SIbHV2bho-00510-00291495-00291696 Don't treat it as some sort of aside, 0_SIbHV2bho-00511-00291696-00292373 no, you've got to read this chapter as an example of how this sort of thing works. 0_SIbHV2bho-00512-00292373-00292673 And if you do it that way, I think you'll get a very good idea 0_SIbHV2bho-00513-00292673-00293147 at exactly how Marx actually proceeds, as opposed to 0_SIbHV2bho-00514-00293147-00293593 the myriad accounts you'll have of how Marx is supposed to have proceeded. 0_SIbHV2bho-00515-00293593-00293774 Many of which are guided by, 0_SIbHV2bho-00516-00293774-00294623 as I said positivist, causal logics and so on, which Marx doesn't utilize in Capital. You can't find it. 0_SIbHV2bho-00517-00294623-00294980 Okay, I'm going to stop here and get some discussion from you on this. Are there some things that you 0_SIbHV2bho-00518-00294980-00295946 that you kind of find problematic or want elucidated? 0_SIbHV2bho-00519-00295962-00296413 » STUDENT: It seems like Marx lays out his own 0_SIbHV2bho-00520-00296413-00297102 I'm wondering why he left out some of these elements that he sees and separates in his own account. 0_SIbHV2bho-00521-00297102-00297622 » HARVEY: In his own account of what? Of Capital? Of machinery? 0_SIbHV2bho-00522-00297622-00297931 » STUDENT: Of Capital and machinery, I mean throughout the book, 0_SIbHV2bho-00523-00297931-00298531 There are a few references to some of these things, but there's clearly a lot more attention that needs to be spend on them. 0_SIbHV2bho-00524-00298531-00298631 » HARVEY: Yes, agreed. 0:49:46.319, » STUDENT: My second part of the question: 0_SIbHV2bho-00525-00299090-00299608 Is Lefebvre then foregrounding these issues of the reproduction of daily life, 0_SIbHV2bho-00526-00299608-00300324 or if he's actually, if it's more that he's simply filling in what he saw as something that was underanalyzed by Marx in Capital. 0_SIbHV2bho-00527-00300324-00300920 » HARVEY: Yeah, I think there's no question that Lefebvre in his 'Critique of Everyday Life' is trying to 0_SIbHV2bho-00528-00300920-00301755 correct what he saw as a lack of attention to this reproduction of daily life, everyday life type issues. 0_SIbHV2bho-00529-00301755-00302088 So there's no question that Lefebvre thought this was a gap. 0_SIbHV2bho-00530-00302088-00302665 And it was through that, that he started to amount a critique of stalinism within 0_SIbHV2bho-00531-00302665-00303127 the Communist Party, through that sort of strategy, 0_SIbHV2bho-00532-00303127-00303670 that he pursued that part and began to develop a critique of 0_SIbHV2bho-00533-00303670-00304347 Soviet practices which led him eventually to be thrown out of the Communist Party. 0_SIbHV2bho-00534-00304347-00305121 There's no question that Lefebvre saw some of these elements undertheorized. 0_SIbHV2bho-00535-00305121-00305501 But here's an interesting question: Are they really so undertheorized 0_SIbHV2bho-00536-00305501-00306006 and are they not paid enough attention to in Marx, or is that the marxists 0_SIbHV2bho-00537-00306006-00306244 that didn't pay attention to them? 0_SIbHV2bho-00538-00306244-00306503 My argument would be, many of them, as you correctly said, 0_SIbHV2bho-00539-00306503-00306993 are underplayed in capital but there are always elements of them there. 0_SIbHV2bho-00540-00306993-00307440 Whereas I think the big problem was, when the marxists came along and said the productive 0_SIbHV2bho-00541-00307440-00308016 forces are the ones that matter, change the productive forces and everything changes with it. 0_SIbHV2bho-00542-00308016-00308163 Didn't happen. 0_SIbHV2bho-00543-00308163-00308381 Soviet Union got into a big mess. 0_SIbHV2bho-00544-00308381-00308974 The relation to nature doesn't matter, got into a big environmental mess. 0_SIbHV2bho-00545-00308974-00309514 So I think the problem what the marxists did, 0_SIbHV2bho-00546-00309514-00309847 and like I said, G.A. Cohen, 0_SIbHV2bho-00547-00309847-00310133 an extremely talented analytical philosopher, 0_SIbHV2bho-00548-00310133-00311012 it's the analytical that's the problem, he hates dialectics. Basically he calls dialectics 'bullshit Marxism'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00549-00311012-00312005 They had a logo where the analytical Marxists called themselves the non-bullshit Marxists. 0_SIbHV2bho-00550-00312005-00312475 So yeah, there's a lot of problems with the Marxist tradition in how this is set up. 0_SIbHV2bho-00551-00312475-00313041 But we we will look in this chapter a little bit about how these elements are integrated. 0_SIbHV2bho-00552-00313041-00313420 Again, it's sometimes in a quiet voice, 'there's something going on here which we should pay attention to, 0_SIbHV2bho-00553-00313420-00314302 I'm not going to do that because I want to get to the end of this book'. 0_SIbHV2bho-00554-00314361-00314632 So it's a bit that, but you will see elements of it. 0_SIbHV2bho-00555-00314632-00314973 You know, John Stuart Mill, 0_SIbHV2bho-00556-00314973-00315874 naively wondered 'if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day's toil of any human being.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00557-00315874-00316275 Marx' answers 'Of course not, because machines are not invented to do that. 0_SIbHV2bho-00558-00316275-00316676 they're invented to produce surplus-value, 0_SIbHV2bho-00559-00316676-00317478 Interestingly, immediately you're going to find a tension, which Marx is very well aware of, 0_SIbHV2bho-00560-00317478-00317917 between the idea that machines produces a surplus-value, 0_SIbHV2bho-00561-00317917-00318541 when we know that machines are dead labour and they cannot produce value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00562-00318541-00318920 So you're gonna have a situation where Marx is going to be talking about machines as 0_SIbHV2bho-00563-00318920-00319126 a source of surplus-value, 0_SIbHV2bho-00564-00319126-00319423 as a source of relative surplus-value, 0_SIbHV2bho-00565-00319423-00319939 when we know that machines are not a source of value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00566-00319939-00320627 And from this by the way, will then follow the idea that the capitalists get, 0_SIbHV2bho-00567-00320627-00320812 that machines are a source of value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00568-00320812-00321267 They're a source of surplus-value so they must be a source of value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00569-00321267-00321904 Therefore, capitalists start to fetishise the machine, 0_SIbHV2bho-00570-00321904-00322272 and believe that the machine is the answer to all things and we'll see 0_SIbHV2bho-00571-00322272-00322645 some cases where that comes about. 0_SIbHV2bho-00572-00322645-00323645 Under the very first gesture however is to set up a distinction between tools and machines. 0_SIbHV2bho-00573-00323645-00324246 Immediately what you find is that Marx here is talking about, 0_SIbHV2bho-00574-00324246-00324824 not so much the physical notion of the tool and the machine, 0_SIbHV2bho-00575-00324824-00325269 but its social positioning in relationship to the labour process. So immediately, you got into 0_SIbHV2bho-00576-00325269-00326203 the idea that the technology and the social positioning and the labour process, are three elements in this discussion. 0_SIbHV2bho-00577-00326203-00326784 And we start to see how those three elements produce something which he calls on page 493: 0_SIbHV2bho-00578-00326784-00327337 "The industrial revolution of the eighteenth century." 0_SIbHV2bho-00579-00327337-00327932 Marx pioneered pretty much in talking about the notion of an industrial revolution, 0_SIbHV2bho-00580-00327932-00328572 and he's very interested in talking about exactly what the nature of that revolution is, 0_SIbHV2bho-00581-00328572-00329423 and this first section is about the dynamics of that process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00582-00329685-00330721 Clearly, the machine begins with the tool. 0_SIbHV2bho-00583-00330721-00331041 But what happens, as he says on page 495: 0_SIbHV2bho-00584-00331041-00331855 There is a moment "that the tool proper is taken from man and fitted into a mechanism, 0_SIbHV2bho-00585-00331855-00332495 a machine takes the place of a mere implement." 0_SIbHV2bho-00586-00332495-00332915 On page 497, he comes to the conclusion: 0_SIbHV2bho-00587-00332915-00333485 "The machine, which is the starting-point of the industrial revolution, 0_SIbHV2bho-00588-00333485-00333758 replaces the worker, who handles a single tool, 0_SIbHV2bho-00589-00333758-00334387 by a mechanism operating with a number of similar tools and set in motion by a single motive power, 0_SIbHV2bho-00590-00334387-00334702 whatever the form of that power." 0_SIbHV2bho-00591-00334702-00335347 He then talks, at the bottom of the page about horsepower, then about water power. 0_SIbHV2bho-00592-00335347-00335606 at the top of page 499, 0_SIbHV2bho-00593-00335606-00336280 he introduces a radical shift in the motive power: 0_SIbHV2bho-00594-00336280-00336749 "Not till the invention of Watt's second and so-called double-acting steam-engine 0_SIbHV2bho-00595-00336749-00337241 was a prime mover found which drew its own motive power from the consumption of coal and water, 0_SIbHV2bho-00596-00337241-00337998 was entirely under man's control, was mobile and a means of locomotion, was urban and not - like the water-wheel - rural, 0_SIbHV2bho-00597-00337998-00338629 permitted production to be concentrated in towns instead of - like the water-wheels- being scattered over the countryside 0_SIbHV2bho-00598-00338629-00338919 and, finally, was of universal technical application, 0_SIbHV2bho-00599-00338919-00339566 and little affected in its choice of residence by local circumstances." 0_SIbHV2bho-00600-00339566-00339790 This means that industrial output, 0_SIbHV2bho-00601-00339790-00340592 is liberated from a certain set of constraints which are given by the natural circumstances. 0_SIbHV2bho-00602-00340592-00341085 Where are the water-wheels? Where the water power? 0_SIbHV2bho-00603-00341085-00341702 With coal you can cart is around, you can concentrate it, bring it into the cities. 0_SIbHV2bho-00604-00341702-00342108 It's a radically different process. 0_SIbHV2bho-00605-00342108-00343187 And this process, by the way, was critical for the industrial revolution in Britain, 0_SIbHV2bho-00606-00343187-00343937 for the following reason: the industrial development in Britain in the 18th century, 0_SIbHV2bho-00607-00343937-00344669 was booming along but was running into very serious resource constraints. 0_SIbHV2bho-00608-00344669-00345226 The problem was that your fuel reserves, your fuel resources 0_SIbHV2bho-00609-00345226-00345798 were coming off the land. It was biomass, it was charcoal, it was wood. 0_SIbHV2bho-00610-00345798-00346225 You're cutting down the forests like crazy, 0_SIbHV2bho-00611-00346225-00346755 and at the same time you need land for food production. 0_SIbHV2bho-00612-00346755-00347395 What happens when there's a competition between energy supplies and food production? 0_SIbHV2bho-00613-00347395-00348192 They were running head to head in Britain to a point where, probably the relation to nature would have stopped 0_SIbHV2bho-00614-00348192-00348418 any further industrial development. 0_SIbHV2bho-00615-00348418-00348942 British industry was in crisis in the middle of the 18th century for that very reason. 0_SIbHV2bho-00616-00348942-00349206 The answer was to go underground, 0_SIbHV2bho-00617-00349206-00349399 get the coal from underground, 0_SIbHV2bho-00618-00349399-00350482 there's no competition between land being used for fuel supplies and land being used for food production. 0_SIbHV2bho-00619-00350482-00350982 There's a connection in all of this because the price of my bagel went out last week, 0_SIbHV2bho-00620-00350982-00351365 from 80 cents to 95 cents! 0_SIbHV2bho-00621-00351365-00352294 There's an incredible shortage of wheat in the world, agricultural prices are going through the roof. 0_SIbHV2bho-00622-00352294-00352638 Why? Ethanol production! 0_SIbHV2bho-00623-00352638-00353215 We're heading right back into a situation where the land 0_SIbHV2bho-00624-00353215-00354005 is going to be competed for, between energy resources and food resources. 0_SIbHV2bho-00625-00354005-00354280 And food prices already shooting up 0_SIbHV2bho-00626-00354280-00354653 very fast because the rate of conversion to ethanol, 0_SIbHV2bho-00627-00354653-00355252 throughout Latin America as well as now in the United States is very significant. 0_SIbHV2bho-00628-00355252-00356056 And if you take all that land away from food production, what happens? Well, my bagel goes up by 15 cents! 0_SIbHV2bho-00629-00356056-00356869 Not only that, but actually bread prices around the world are skyrocketing for all these kinds of reasons. 0_SIbHV2bho-00630-00357219-00358017 So this move, which can sometimes be seen as a social necessity, a political, economic necessity 0_SIbHV2bho-00631-00358017-00358871 given the tensions which existed in British industrialism and food supplies at that time, 0_SIbHV2bho-00632-00358871-00359363 This technological move radically transformed the relations to nature. 0_SIbHV2bho-00633-00359363-00360291 And of course, it allowed to be set in train that whole process which allowed the 19th century essentially to 0_SIbHV2bho-00634-00360291-00360886 mine out all stored fuel reserves of the Carboniferous period 0_SIbHV2bho-00635-00360886-00361477 the last century to mine out all the stored fuel reserves of the Cretaceous period. 0_SIbHV2bho-00636-00361477-00362054 And leaving us with the question: What's the next reserve of energy? 0_SIbHV2bho-00637-00362054-00362751 But now we're seeing as that goes back onto the land, what kinds of problems we might immediately face. 0_SIbHV2bho-00638-00362751-00363400 What Marx is doing here then, is saying 0_SIbHV2bho-00639-00363400-00364013 that we start to reorganize the division of labour, which is considered the previous chapter, 0_SIbHV2bho-00640-00364013-00364151 and reorganize cooperation. 0_SIbHV2bho-00641-00364151-00365101 So on page 501, about 10 lines down, he says: "Here we have again the co-operation by division of labour 0_SIbHV2bho-00642-00365101-00365386 which is peculiar to manufacture, 0_SIbHV2bho-00643-00365386-00365912 but now it appears as a combination of machines with specific functions." 0_SIbHV2bho-00644-00365912-00366409 And he talks about the similarities, then he says: "an essential difference at once appears. 0_SIbHV2bho-00645-00366409-00366971 In manufacture, it is the workers who, either singly or in groups, must carry on each particular process 0_SIbHV2bho-00646-00366971-00367274 with their manual implements. 0_SIbHV2bho-00647-00367274-00367989 The worker has been appropriated by the process; but the process had previously to be adapted to the worker. 0_SIbHV2bho-00648-00367989-00368213 This subjective principle 0_SIbHV2bho-00649-00368213-00368613 of the division of labour no longer exists in production by machinery. 0_SIbHV2bho-00650-00368613-00369345 Here the total process is examined objectively, viewed in and for itself, and analyzed into its constitutive phases. 0_SIbHV2bho-00651-00369345-00370067 The problem of how to execute each particular process, and to bind the different partial processes together into a whole, 0_SIbHV2bho-00652-00370067-00370590 is solved by the aid of machines, chemistry, etc." 0_SIbHV2bho-00653-00370590-00371771 Chemistry, science and technology, mental conceptions, start to become significant. 0_SIbHV2bho-00654-00371771-00372174 Middle of page 502: "The collective working machine, 0_SIbHV2bho-00655-00372174-00372572 which is now an articulated system composed of various kinds of single machines, 0_SIbHV2bho-00656-00372572-00372743 and of groups of single machines, 0_SIbHV2bho-00657-00372743-00373248 becomes all the more perfect the more the process as a whole becomes a continuous one,…" 0_SIbHV2bho-00658-00373248-00373821 Again this idea of the continuity of the production process, 0_SIbHV2bho-00659-00373821-00374070 the smooth, continuous flow 0_SIbHV2bho-00660-00374070-00374652 is absolutely vital again to the whole idea of the circulation of capital. 0_SIbHV2bho-00661-00374652-00375066 So the idea of the circulation of capital is being represented here by 0_SIbHV2bho-00662-00375066-00376032 this reorganization of the process of production, with the machine technology. 0_SIbHV2bho-00663-00376032-00376262 The outcome of this, 0_SIbHV2bho-00664-00376262-00376829 he says on page 503, towards the bottom: "An organized system of machines 0_SIbHV2bho-00665-00376829-00377330 to which motion is communicated by the transmitting mechanism 0_SIbHV2bho-00666-00377330-00377834 from an automatic centre is the most developed form of production by machinery. 0_SIbHV2bho-00667-00377834-00378231 Here we have, in place of the isolated machine, a mechanical monster…" 0_SIbHV2bho-00668-00378231-00378375 -Marx loves monsters- 0_SIbHV2bho-00669-00378375-00378906 "… whose body fills whole factories, and whose demonic power, at first hidden by the slow and measured motions 0_SIbHV2bho-00670-00378906-00379738 of its gigantic members, finally bursts forth in the fast and feverish whirl of its countless working organs." 0_SIbHV2bho-00671-00379738-00380085 He then poses a very particular problem: 0_SIbHV2bho-00672-00380085-00380454 Who is it that is making the machines? 0_SIbHV2bho-00673-00380454-00381540 Well it turns out it's the artisans in the manufacturing period, who through artisan labour are making the machines. 0_SIbHV2bho-00674-00381540-00382535 And this poses a limitation, so he says on page 504, 0_SIbHV2bho-00675-00382535-00383323 'this limitation of skilled labour in making machines was inhibiting the development of the process.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00676-00383723-00384388 'And what was required here was a total revolution in machine technologies.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00677-00384388-00384982 He talks about this on page 504: 0_SIbHV2bho-00678-00384982-00385368 "… the demand for the newly discovered machines grew larger, 0_SIbHV2bho-00679-00385368-00385850 the machine-making industry increasingly split up into numerous independent branches, 0_SIbHV2bho-00680-00385850-00386232 and the division of labour within these manufactures developed accordingly." 0_SIbHV2bho-00681-00386232-00386574 "Manufacture produced the machinery…" 0_SIbHV2bho-00682-00386574-00386981 A bit further down: "When the system had attained a certain degree of development, 0_SIbHV2bho-00683-00386981-00387422 it had to overthrow this ready-made foundation, which had meanwhile undergone further development 0_SIbHV2bho-00684-00387422-00388375 in its old form, and create for itself a new basis appropriate to its own mode of production." 0_SIbHV2bho-00685-00388575-00389775 This new basis involves a transformation of social relations, you have to transcend the limits of artisanal labour, 0_SIbHV2bho-00686-00389775-00389922 he talks about that 0_SIbHV2bho-00687-00389922-00390385 at the bottom of page 504, 0_SIbHV2bho-00688-00390385-00390981 The production of machinery was "dependent on the growth of a class of workers who, 0_SIbHV2bho-00689-00390981-00391364 owing to the semi-artistic nature of their employment, could increase their numbers 0_SIbHV2bho-00690-00391364-00391650 only gradually, and not by leaps and bounds." 0_SIbHV2bho-00691-00391650-00392216 The technical basis of the handicrafts in manufacture was inadequate. 0_SIbHV2bho-00692-00392216-00393001 What we see on page 505 is the idea: "The transformation of the mode of production in one sphere of industry 0_SIbHV2bho-00693-00393001-00393328 necessitates a similar transformation in other spheres." 0_SIbHV2bho-00694-00393328-00393698 You get these spillover effects from sphere to another. 0_SIbHV2bho-00695-00393698-00394249 "…machine spinning made machine weaving necessary, and both together made a mechanical and chemical revolution 0_SIbHV2bho-00696-00394249-00394682 compulsory in bleaching, printing and dyeing." 0_SIbHV2bho-00697-00394682-00395142 Then he goes on to talk about "the revolution in the modes of production of industry and agriculture made 0_SIbHV2bho-00698-00395142-00395548 necessary a revolution in the general conditions of the social process of production, i.e. 0_SIbHV2bho-00699-00395548-00396095 in the means of communication and transport." 0_SIbHV2bho-00700-00396095-00396496 Bottom of that paragraph: "Hence, quite apart from the immense transformation 0_SIbHV2bho-00701-00396496-00397032 which took place in shipbuilding, the means of communication and transport gradually adapted themselves 0_SIbHV2bho-00702-00397032-00397451 to the mode of production of large-scale industry by means of a system of river steamers, 0_SIbHV2bho-00703-00397451-00397806 railways, ocean steamers and telegraphs. 0_SIbHV2bho-00704-00397806-00398502 But the huge masses of iron that had now to be forged, welded, cut, bored and shaped required for their part 0_SIbHV2bho-00705-00398502-00398700 machines of Cyclopean dimensions, 0_SIbHV2bho-00706-00398700-00399381 which the machine-building trades of the period of manufacture were incapable of constructing. " 0_SIbHV2bho-00707-00399381-00400118 Here comes the crucial paragraph: "Large-scale industry therefore had to take over the machine itself, 0_SIbHV2bho-00708-00400118-00400783 its own characteristic instrument of production, and to produce machines by means of machines. 0_SIbHV2bho-00709-00400783-00401224 It was not till it did this that it could create for itself an adequate technical foundation, 0_SIbHV2bho-00710-00401224-00401513 and stand on its own feet." 0_SIbHV2bho-00711-00401513-00401990 In other words, the rise of the machine tool industry, 0_SIbHV2bho-00712-00401990-00402356 the production of machines by machines, 0_SIbHV2bho-00713-00402356-00402989 which became, as it were, the center of the technology 0_SIbHV2bho-00714-00402989-00403352 of a capitalist mode of production which was adequate to 0_SIbHV2bho-00715-00403352-00403989 the requirements of a capitalist mode of production. 0_SIbHV2bho-00716-00403989-00404811 So this is the revolutionary movement, a movement from tools to machines, 0_SIbHV2bho-00717-00404811-00405226 which are produced by artisanal labour, and they're sporadic and around the place. 0_SIbHV2bho-00718-00405226-00405788 The machines get collected together and become a system of interconnected machines. 0_SIbHV2bho-00719-00405788-00406264 But then as you try to extend that system, so you get an expansion 0_SIbHV2bho-00720-00406264-00406703 of demand for more and more machines which could only be met by setting up an industry 0_SIbHV2bho-00721-00406703-00407251 which produces machines by machines. 0_SIbHV2bho-00722-00407251-00407737 And it is that dynamic which in Marx' view, 0_SIbHV2bho-00723-00407737-00408437 characterizes what the industrial revolution was essentially about. 0_SIbHV2bho-00724-00408945-00409388 This has all kinds of implications, 0_SIbHV2bho-00725-00409388-00410055 he mentions some of them at the end of this section on page 508: 0_SIbHV2bho-00726-00410055-00410631 There is a "replacement of human force by natural forces, 0_SIbHV2bho-00727-00410631-00411331 and the replacement of the rule of thumb by the conscious application of natural science. 0_SIbHV2bho-00728-00411357-00411802 In manufacture the organization of the social labour process is purely subjective: 0_SIbHV2bho-00729-00411802-00412082 it is a combination of specialized workers. 0_SIbHV2bho-00730-00412082-00412408 Large-scale industry, on the other hand, possesses in the machine system 0_SIbHV2bho-00731-00412408-00412905 an entirely objective organization of production, 0_SIbHV2bho-00732-00412905-00413605 which confronts the worker as a pre-existing material condition of production." 0_SIbHV2bho-00733-00413914-00414170 Look what he's talking about here, 0_SIbHV2bho-00734-00414170-00414425 Look how he's going around these elements. 0_SIbHV2bho-00735-00414425-00414617 Natural science, 0_SIbHV2bho-00736-00414617-00414806 technology is being deployed, 0_SIbHV2bho-00737-00414806-00414968 technologies are being transformed, 0_SIbHV2bho-00738-00414968-00415136 social relations are being changed, 0_SIbHV2bho-00739-00415136-00415684 the process of production is being changed and so is the relation to nature. 0_SIbHV2bho-00740-00415684-00416310 All of these elements are actually at work in this section, 0_SIbHV2bho-00741-00416310-00416924 nothing about everyday life but all these other elements are in there. 0_SIbHV2bho-00742-00416924-00417018 And it was 0_SIbHV2bho-00743-00417018-00417418 a co-evolution of all of these elements that produced the industrial revolution. 0_SIbHV2bho-00744-00417418-00418023 You couldn't have had the industrial revolution, lets put it this way, without 0_SIbHV2bho-00745-00418023-00418332 there being a radical transformation of social relations, 0_SIbHV2bho-00746-00418332-00419223 i.e. the workers move from being an active subject to being objectively embodied 0_SIbHV2bho-00747-00419223-00419585 in a radically redesigned labour process 0_SIbHV2bho-00748-00419585-00420263 which is using the new technologies and mental conceptions. 0_SIbHV2bho-00749-00420263-00420695 And of course engaging in a completely different relation to nature. 0_SIbHV2bho-00750-00420695-00421619 Through the move to a source of power which is underground. 0_SIbHV2bho-00751-00421726-00421992 In the next section he raises the question of 0_SIbHV2bho-00752-00421992-00422675 the value transformation, transferred by the machinery to the product. We've come across this a bit before. 0_SIbHV2bho-00753-00422875-00423531 We know that the machine is not a source of value, 0_SIbHV2bho-00754-00423531-00424153 but we also know that the value embodied in the machine has to be transferred to the product. 0_SIbHV2bho-00755-00424153-00424739 How is it transferred to the product? Well, it's a fictional process obviously. 0_SIbHV2bho-00756-00424739-00425284 So Marx sets up a simple straight-line depreciation model, 0_SIbHV2bho-00757-00425284-00425668 which is, if the machine lasts 10 years then one-tenth of the machine disappears into 0_SIbHV2bho-00758-00425668-00426564 the product every year. So at the end of the 10 years you've got back the value of your machine. 0_SIbHV2bho-00759-00426564-00426899 It has all come out in the product. 0_SIbHV2bho-00760-00426899-00427646 This straight-line thing is fairly simply set up. 0_SIbHV2bho-00761-00427646-00428544 This then actually sets up a very important idea, t the end of this section, which is this: 0_SIbHV2bho-00762-00428544-00429330 At what point do capitalists stop using machines? 0_SIbHV2bho-00763-00429330-00429795 You can already get a sense that 0_SIbHV2bho-00764-00429795-00430355 capitalist are likely to be fetishisticly attached to machines because they can produce surplus-value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00765-00430355-00430783 At what point do they stop producing machines? 0_SIbHV2bho-00766-00430783-00431451 Marx lays this out on page 513, 0_SIbHV2bho-00767-00431451-00431946 at the top: "It is evident that whenever it costs as much labour to produce a machine 0_SIbHV2bho-00768-00431946-00432913 as is saved by the employment of that machine, all that has taken place is a displacement of labour." 0_SIbHV2bho-00769-00432913-00433768 Then he talks about the difference between the labour that the machine costs and labour it saves, 0_SIbHV2bho-00770-00433874-00434502 and the idea that "The productivity of the machine is therefore measured by the human labour-power it replaces." 0_SIbHV2bho-00771-00434502-00435253 He talks about this, on page 515 this leads him to specify a limit: 0_SIbHV2bho-00772-00435453-00435953 "The use of machinery for the exclusive purpose of cheapening the product 0_SIbHV2bho-00773-00435953-00436488 is limited by the requirement that less labour must be expended in producing the machinery 0_SIbHV2bho-00774-00436488-00436859 than is displaced by the employment of that machinery. 0_SIbHV2bho-00775-00436859-00437295 For the capitalist, however, there is a further limit on its use. Instead of paying for the labour, 0_SIbHV2bho-00776-00437295-00437588 he pays only the value of the labour-power employed; 0_SIbHV2bho-00777-00437588-00437957 the limit to his using a machine is therefore fixed by the difference between the value of 0_SIbHV2bho-00778-00437957-00438443 the machine and the value of the labour-power replaced by it." 0_SIbHV2bho-00779-00438443-00439351 And then he goes on about, if labour has a different value in the United States to what it has in Britain, 0_SIbHV2bho-00780-00439351-00439676 if the value of labour is much higher in Britain 0_SIbHV2bho-00781-00439676-00440482 then obviously employing a machine is going to save you more value in the USA than in Britain. 0_SIbHV2bho-00782-00440482-00440863 If labour is dirt cheap in Britain, 0_SIbHV2bho-00783-00440863-00441428 you won't employ the machine, so he puts an argument in, that actually, there's a differential 0_SIbHV2bho-00784-00441428-00441844 between Britain and the USA in the employment of machinery, simply because 0_SIbHV2bho-00785-00441844-00442578 the value of labour-power is radically different in united states than it is in Britain. 0_SIbHV2bho-00786-00442578-00443076 This limitation is a very important part of his argument, it's going to come up again 0_SIbHV2bho-00787-00443076-00443619 two or three times later. So it's a critical point in the argument. 0_SIbHV2bho-00788-00443619-00444478 It defines as it were, a rational point, in which the rational capitalist, 0_SIbHV2bho-00789-00444478-00444742 armed with the right kind of information, 0_SIbHV2bho-00790-00444742-00445121 would decide 'I'm not going to go for a new machine 0_SIbHV2bho-00791-00445121-00446215 because it will replace so many workers that that will not compensate me 0_SIbHV2bho-00792-00446215-00446594 for the amount I'm going to have to lay out on the machine. 0_SIbHV2bho-00793-00446594-00447392 This immediately of course, reminds us of something important about machinery. 0_SIbHV2bho-00794-00447392-00447862 The two forms of relative surplus-value he's looked at so far, 0_SIbHV2bho-00795-00447862-00448190 (1) co-operation and (2) division of labour, 0_SIbHV2bho-00796-00448190-00448597 were essentially free goods to the capitalist, the capitalist didn't get out into the market and 0_SIbHV2bho-00797-00448597-00448940 buy them as commodities. 0_SIbHV2bho-00798-00448940-00449294 They were available to the capitalist, 0_SIbHV2bho-00799-00449294-00449644 yes it may involve capital investment like building a factory or something, 0_SIbHV2bho-00800-00449644-00449857 but through a reorganization 0_SIbHV2bho-00801-00449857-00450368 capitalists could benefit from cooperation and division of labour. 0_SIbHV2bho-00802-00450368-00450919 but the machine is a commodity that you buy in the market, it has a value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00803-00450919-00451395 You don't only have to pay attention to how that value gets transferred into the product, 0_SIbHV2bho-00804-00451395-00451721 but you also have to configure 0_SIbHV2bho-00805-00451721-00452202 how much of that value which is embodied in the machine is going to be compensated by 0_SIbHV2bho-00806-00452202-00452752 the labour saving the comes from the employment of the machine. 0_SIbHV2bho-00807-00452752-00453084 This is, as he says, a key limitation. 0_SIbHV2bho-00808-00453084-00453784 And it's going to play a very important role in understanding the dynamics of accumulation. 0_SIbHV2bho-00809-00453835-00454993 It poses the question: At what point do capitalists stop playing this game of perpetual technological innovation? 0_SIbHV2bho-00810-00454993-00455457 Of course, capitalists are not always rational, there also fetishists. 0_SIbHV2bho-00811-00455457-00455921 So we also see many examples in our society where capitalists go well beyond the point, 0_SIbHV2bho-00812-00455921-00456420 where rational capitalists would stop replenishing. 0_SIbHV2bho-00813-00456420-00456774 We'll come too some of that later. 0_SIbHV2bho-00814-00456774-00456936 Third Section. (THE MOST IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF MACHINE PRODUCTION ON THE WORKER ) 0_SIbHV2bho-00815-00456936-00457113 Here, 0_SIbHV2bho-00816-00457113-00457591 I would also want to suggest something about this very long chapter, 0_SIbHV2bho-00817-00457591-00457930 pay careful attention to the chapter headings. 0_SIbHV2bho-00818-00457930-00458529 They really lead you through the chapter, step-by-step, 0_SIbHV2bho-00819-00458529-00459064 He's talked about the industrial revolution, how it came about, what the dynamic was. 0_SIbHV2bho-00820-00459064-00459385 He's talked about the transfer of value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00821-00459385-00460053 Now he wants to talk about the implications for the worker, i.e. 0_SIbHV2bho-00822-00460053-00460533 the social relations side of things. 0_SIbHV2bho-00823-00460533-00460993 And the first thing you see is that 0_SIbHV2bho-00824-00460993-00461553 machines by the very form in which they're constructed, 0_SIbHV2bho-00825-00461553-00462361 which are easily utilizable by anybody. Permit the employment 0_SIbHV2bho-00826-00462361-00463109 of women and children in ways that may not have been so easy Before. 0_SIbHV2bho-00827-00463109-00463260 And what this does 0_SIbHV2bho-00828-00463260-00463699 is to allow the capitalist to start to think that 0_SIbHV2bho-00829-00463699-00464226 'I no longer have to think when employing people, about the individual wage, 0_SIbHV2bho-00830-00464226-00464601 all I have to think about is the family wage, 0_SIbHV2bho-00831-00464601-00465297 so I can employ the whole family.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00832-00465297-00465805 This immediately leads into those systems, a gang system, 0_SIbHV2bho-00833-00465805-00466337 where one person would mobilize their family, not only their own kids but 0_SIbHV2bho-00834-00466337-00466570 nephews and that kind of thing, into a gang, 0_SIbHV2bho-00835-00466570-00467021 and become actually an organizer of labour. So there was an almost collective organization 0_SIbHV2bho-00836-00467021-00467282 of labour, a gang system. 0_SIbHV2bho-00837-00467282-00467849 But also what this means is that the capitalist can start to substitute (…) 0_SIbHV2bho-00838-00467849-00468680 the idea 'All I've got to do is pay a family wage I can reduce the individual wage. 0_SIbHV2bho-00839-00468680-00469380 There's some fascinating historical examples where exactly that has happened. 0_SIbHV2bho-00840-00469384-00470084 There was an "economic miracle" in Brazil in the 1960s under a military dictatorship. 0_SIbHV2bho-00841-00470182-00471197 And the "economic miracle" in Brazil mainly consisted in a radical reduction of wages 0_SIbHV2bho-00842-00471197-00471642 but it turned out that family wages actually remained stable, 0_SIbHV2bho-00843-00471642-00472201 because all the women and kids went into the labour force. 0_SIbHV2bho-00844-00472201-00473246 and actually if you look at the data in this country since the 1970s, individual wage has tended to stagnate or go down, 0_SIbHV2bho-00845-00473246-00473439 in real terms. 0_SIbHV2bho-00846-00473439-00473923 The family wage however has gone up a little bit, and down a little bit, 0_SIbHV2bho-00847-00473923-00474318 The family wage is a very different entity. 0_SIbHV2bho-00848-00474318-00474757 And the two graphs of individual wages since the 1970s and the family wages is again, 0_SIbHV2bho-00849-00474757-00474973 in this country what we've seen 0_SIbHV2bho-00850-00474973-00475715 is a substitution as it were, of the family wage against the idea of an individual wage. 0_SIbHV2bho-00851-00475715-00476607 Which of course transforms social relations in radical ways. 0_SIbHV2bho-00852-00476607-00476988 And it also starts to transform 0_SIbHV2bho-00853-00476988-00477323 what happens in the domestic sphere. Now this is not something that Marx pays that much 0_SIbHV2bho-00854-00477323-00478225 attention to, but as you see in the footnote at the bottom of page 518: 0_SIbHV2bho-00855-00478467-00478888 "Since certain family functions, such as nursing and suckling children, 0_SIbHV2bho-00856-00478888-00479542 cannot be entirely suppressed, the mothers who have been confiscated by capital must try substitutes of some sort. 0_SIbHV2bho-00857-00479542-00479636 Domestic work, 0_SIbHV2bho-00858-00479636-00480060 such as sewing and mending, must be replaced by the purchase of ready-made articles. 0_SIbHV2bho-00859-00480060-00480666 Hence the diminished expenditure of labour in the house is accompanied by an increased expenditure of money outside. 0_SIbHV2bho-00860-00480666-00481399 The cost of production of the working-class family therefore increases, and balances its greater income. 0_SIbHV2bho-00861-00481399-00481997 In addition to this, economy and judgment in the consumption and preparation of the means of subsistence become impossible." 0_SIbHV2bho-00862-00481997-00482242 Then he refers to the ways in which 0_SIbHV2bho-00863-00482242-00482923 these materials can be studied in the reports of the inspectors of the factories. 0_SIbHV2bho-00864-00483123-00483619 The transformation of gender relations which is involved here 0_SIbHV2bho-00865-00483619-00484124 and also the generational relations between parents and children, 0_SIbHV2bho-00866-00484124-00484284 because of this gang system, 0_SIbHV2bho-00867-00484284-00484780 there's also transformations occur in the domestic systems. This is one of those moments where he does indeed 0_SIbHV2bho-00868-00484780-00485098 mention the reproduction of daily life but it's just a casual mention, 0_SIbHV2bho-00869-00485098-00485327 a little bit too one side. 0_SIbHV2bho-00870-00485327-00486072 It suggests that he is aware of the issue but he's not going to make it central to his argument. 0_SIbHV2bho-00871-00486072-00487099 He probably should have made it more central than he did but at least he knows this is an issue. 0_SIbHV2bho-00872-00487099-00487507 This immediately brings him to say: what are the implications of the importation 0_SIbHV2bho-00873-00487507-00487963 of children into the process of production? 0_SIbHV2bho-00874-00487963-00488257 Then we get into the factory acts again, 0_SIbHV2bho-00875-00488257-00488584 the factory inspectors and the kinds of things they're reporting 0_SIbHV2bho-00876-00488584-00489177 about what is happening to the kids in the production process. And he spends a 0_SIbHV2bho-00877-00489177-00489561 little bit of time on that. And of course, 0_SIbHV2bho-00878-00489561-00490134 one things they get into is they want to have schools and things like that, 0_SIbHV2bho-00879-00490134-00490742 so Marx debunks this idea this is anything like a real education. 0_SIbHV2bho-00880-00490742-00491485 So the main point here is that machinery when it comes in, allows a different deployment 0_SIbHV2bho-00881-00491485-00491803 of family labour. 0_SIbHV2bho-00882-00491803-00492642 There are moments in here where he starts to sound like 'well okay, women can't do the heavy lifting', 0_SIbHV2bho-00883-00492642-00493144 the fact that you got machines, allows them to use machine minders, they're easier to use. 0_SIbHV2bho-00884-00493144-00493420 Issues of that kind in this section but, 0_SIbHV2bho-00885-00493420-00493899 the general point he's making, I think is significant, which is that 0_SIbHV2bho-00886-00493899-00494477 when you get these radical transformations in technology and machinery in particular, 0_SIbHV2bho-00887-00494477-00494938 you cannot imagine that occurring without a radical transformation 0_SIbHV2bho-00888-00494938-00495592 of social relations of some kind and the two are implicated in each other. 0_SIbHV2bho-00889-00495592-00496189 The second is a prolongation of working day. 0_SIbHV2bho-00890-00496189-00496889 Starts on page 526. 0_SIbHV2bho-00891-00496951-00497966 He talks about the way in which the conditions of labour lead to 0_SIbHV2bho-00892-00497966-00498339 a lot of incentives to increase the length of working day, they give you the power 0_SIbHV2bho-00893-00498339-00499039 to do it, and the incentives to do it. 0_SIbHV2bho-00894-00499161-00499563 And these conditions, 0_SIbHV2bho-00895-00499563-00499968 are partly this: The machine through its 0_SIbHV2bho-00896-00499968-00500863 objective qualities of the continuity of the production process, which it allows, 0_SIbHV2bho-00897-00500863-00501378 puts tremendous emphasis on the continuity of the presence of the labourer. 0_SIbHV2bho-00898-00501378-00501585 The labourer has to be there 0_SIbHV2bho-00899-00501585-00501843 to service the machine all of the time. 0_SIbHV2bho-00900-00501843-00502827 The labourer is not in control of machine, the machine is more in control of the labourer. 0_SIbHV2bho-00901-00503029-00503307 He says on the bottom of page 426: 0_SIbHV2bho-00902-00503307-00504075 "Because it is capital, the automatic mechanism is endowed, in the person of the capitalist, with consciousness and a will." 0_SIbHV2bho-00903-00504075-00504835 interesting argument here, he's saying the mental conceptions actually shift. 0_SIbHV2bho-00904-00504835-00505406 "As capital, therefore, it is animated by the drive to reduce to a minimum the resistance offered by man, 0_SIbHV2bho-00905-00505406-00505497 that obstinate yet elastic natural barrier. 0_SIbHV2bho-00906-00505779-00506292 This resistance is moreover lessened by the apparently undemanding nature of work at a machine, 0_SIbHV2bho-00907-00506292-00506993 and the more pliant and docile character of the women and children employed by preference." 0_SIbHV2bho-00908-00506993-00507855 The historical record shows that women are nowhere near as docile as Marx is imagining. 0_SIbHV2bho-00909-00507855-00508613 Then he goes on: "The active lifetime of a machine, however, is clearly dependent on the length of the working day,…" 0_SIbHV2bho-00910-00508613-00508822 Which then leads him 0_SIbHV2bho-00911-00508822-00509522 on page 528, to talk about the case of moral depreciation, which we've already briefly mentioned. 0_SIbHV2bho-00912-00509604-00509964 'I want to get my money back out of my machine 0_SIbHV2bho-00913-00509964-00510290 it's gonna last ten years physically, 0_SIbHV2bho-00914-00510290-00510565 but if the competition comes in 0_SIbHV2bho-00915-00510565-00510921 and replaces it with a far superior machine, I have to get rid of it 0_SIbHV2bho-00916-00510921-00511409 in three years and get a new machine, so there's every incentive for me to try to get my money back 0_SIbHV2bho-00917-00511409-00511812 out of that machine as fast as I can. 0_SIbHV2bho-00918-00511812-00512415 Which means that I want to employ 24 hours a day.' 0_SIbHV2bho-00919-00512415-00512896 So there's a great incentive out of moral depreciation 0_SIbHV2bho-00920-00512896-00513280 to keep machinery working 24 hours a day which means of course you got to have 0_SIbHV2bho-00921-00513280-00513980 labourers there 24 hours a day. 0_SIbHV2bho-00922-00514169-00514869 He here introduces a very important concept which is the idea of devaluation. 0_SIbHV2bho-00923-00514989-00515264 He says on page 528: 0_SIbHV2bho-00924-00515264-00515705 "however young and full of life the machine may be, 0_SIbHV2bho-00925-00515705-00516180 its value is no longer determined by the necessary labour-time actually objectified in it, 0_SIbHV2bho-00926-00516180-00516684 but by the labour-time necessary to reproduce either it or the better machine. 0_SIbHV2bho-00927-00516684-00517045 It has therefore been devalued…" 0_SIbHV2bho-00928-00517045-00517745 Capitalist don't like to have their machinery devalued, 0_SIbHV2bho-00929-00518393-00519207 of course, capitalist can't do without machinery, as he says on page 530, at the top: 0_SIbHV2bho-00930-00519207-00519907 "Machinery produces relative surplus-value…" 0_SIbHV2bho-00931-00520298-00520950 and he begins talks about a certain contradiction, 0_SIbHV2bho-00932-00520950-00521507 because by removing labour from the labour process 0_SIbHV2bho-00933-00521507-00522600 you're taking away the source of value production. 0_SIbHV2bho-00934-00522600-00523068 So why would you use a machine which costs you 0_SIbHV2bho-00935-00523068-00523560 something in value in order to remove 0_SIbHV2bho-00936-00523560-00524526 a chunk of the labour force from production when it is the labour force that's producing your surplus-value? 0_SIbHV2bho-00937-00524526-00524707 Conundrum. 0_SIbHV2bho-00938-00524707-00525072 It's going to be very important for the analysis in Capital because 0_SIbHV2bho-00939-00525072-00525284 it's a contradiction. 0_SIbHV2bho-00940-00525284-00525883 He says in the middle of page 531: 0_SIbHV2bho-00941-00525883-00526385 "Hence there is an immanent contradiction in the application of machinery to the production 0_SIbHV2bho-00942-00526385-00526692 of surplus-value, since, 0_SIbHV2bho-00943-00526692-00527164 of the two factors of the surplus-value created by a given amount of capital, one, 0_SIbHV2bho-00944-00527164-00527940 the rate of surplus-value, cannot be increased except by diminishing the other, the number of workers." 0_SIbHV2bho-00945-00527940-00528533 "This contradiction comes to light as soon as machinery has come into general use in a given industry, 0_SIbHV2bho-00946-00528533-00528971 for then the value of the machine-produced commodity 0_SIbHV2bho-00947-00528971-00529393 regulates the social value of all commodities of the same kind; 0_SIbHV2bho-00948-00529393-00529730 which in turn drives the capitalist, without his being aware of the fact, 0_SIbHV2bho-00949-00529730-00530413 to the most ruthless and excessive prolongation of the working day,…" 0_SIbHV2bho-00950-00530413-00530876 Now, what's going on here is this: You're taking 0_SIbHV2bho-00951-00530876-00531559 the labourers out of production and as you remember, the capitalist is interested in the mass of surplus-value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00952-00531559-00531974 Which is the rate of surplus-value times the number of labourers employed. 0_SIbHV2bho-00953-00531974-00532161 Reduce the number of labourers employed, 0_SIbHV2bho-00954-00532161-00532498 you've got to have a huge increase in the rate of surplus-value 0_SIbHV2bho-00955-00532498-00532761 to maintain your surplus-value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00956-00532761-00533115 Does the machine give that to you? 0_SIbHV2bho-00957-00533115-00533755 If it doesn't, aren't you walking straight into serious contradiction? 0_SIbHV2bho-00958-00533755-00534276 In fact, one of Marx' great theses, which he's going to explore in Volume Three of Capital, 0_SIbHV2bho-00959-00534276-00535066 is that technology has a destabilizing effect upon this upon a capitalist system. 0_SIbHV2bho-00960-00535066-00535434 In fact it undermines the production of surplus-value. 0_SIbHV2bho-00961-00535434-00536099 But capitalists can't stop their search for new machines because, remember, 0_SIbHV2bho-00962-00536099-00536603 what they're looking for is that ephemeral form of surplus-value that comes from that brief 0_SIbHV2bho-00963-00536603-00536978 time when they have a technological advantage over everybody else, 0_SIbHV2bho-00964-00536978-00537244 then they get relative surplus-value, 0_SIbHV2bho-00965-00537244-00537690 but when you aggregate this up and look at the dynamic of the whole system, 0_SIbHV2bho-00966-00537690-00538657 Individual capitalist behaving in their own self-interest i.e. searching for that marginal bit of 0_SIbHV2bho-00967-00538657-00539378 ephemeral relatives surplus-value, create a disequilibrium in the whole system, 0_SIbHV2bho-00968-00539378-00539996 which can create a crisis in the whole capitalist mode of production. 0_SIbHV2bho-00969-00539996-00540786 And this occurs without capitalists being aware of the fact. 0_SIbHV2bho-00970-00540786-00541417 Which leads him on page 532 to spell this out in a different way. 0_SIbHV2bho-00971-00541417-00541621 Well, the bottom of page 531: 0_SIbHV2bho-00972-00541621-00541967 "… machinery produces a surplus working population,…" 0_SIbHV2bho-00973-00541967-00542307 this is something that's going to come back again and again. 0_SIbHV2bho-00974-00542307-00542616 The role of the surplus working population. 0_SIbHV2bho-00975-00542616-00543274 He says: "…which is compelled to submit to the dictates of capital." You throw people out of work by technological innovation, 0_SIbHV2bho-00976-00543274-00543649 they're sitting out there, unemployed, 0_SIbHV2bho-00977-00543649-00544251 they're extremely vulnerable to being re-employed at a much lower wage rate. 0_SIbHV2bho-00978-00544251-00544626 So this is advantageous, 0_SIbHV2bho-00979-00544626-00545205 "Hence too the economic paradox that the most powerful instrument for reducing labour-time 0_SIbHV2bho-00980-00545205-00545607 suffers a dialectical inversion 0_SIbHV2bho-00981-00545607-00545976 and becomes the most unfailing means for turning the whole lifetime of the worker and 0_SIbHV2bho-00982-00545976-00546573 his family into labour-time at capital's disposal for its own valorization." 0_SIbHV2bho-00983-00546573-00547014 What he started out with, John Stuart Mill's argument, is there explained. 0_SIbHV2bho-00984-00547014-00547495 The question of intensification… 0_SIbHV2bho-00985-00547495-00547928 you remember the definition of value, 0_SIbHV2bho-00986-00547928-00548628 which is socially necessary labour time which is at a given intensity 0_SIbHV2bho-00987-00548721-00549167 and productivity. So he has already introduced the idea of intensity but he hasn't worked with it very 0_SIbHV2bho-00988-00549167-00549367 much right now. 0_SIbHV2bho-00989-00549367-00550067 But what he's pointing out here is that machinery allows you to regulate intensity, 0_SIbHV2bho-00990-00550093-00551033 because it is the speed of the machine which sets the pace and defines the intensity. 0_SIbHV2bho-00991-00551033-00551461 You can start to speed up the machine. 0_SIbHV2bho-00992-00551461-00551888 He points on page 536, that 0_SIbHV2bho-00993-00551888-00552655 there is something he called the porosity of the working day. You can reduce the porosity of the working day. 0_SIbHV2bho-00994-00552655-00552969 When you're dealing with manufacturing, people put down their tools and have 0_SIbHV2bho-00995-00552969-00553778 a chat, well you can't do that on the assembly line, the assembly lines are coming through and you're stuck. 0_SIbHV2bho-00996-00553778-00554481 And then you can speed it up. Charlie Chaplin 'modern times ' kinda way. 0_SIbHV2bho-00997-00554481-00555109 So what we're dealing with here is the possibility of intensification 0_SIbHV2bho-00998-00555109-00555462 but what capitalists also found 0_SIbHV2bho-00999-00555462-00555909 which is something else that comes up here, is a tension with the preceding section, 0_SIbHV2bho-01000-00555909-00556151 what the capitalists also found, 0_SIbHV2bho-01001-00556151-00556992 was that a reduced length for the working day allowed them to increase intensity considerably. 0_SIbHV2bho-01002-00556992-00557409 That if people were working for 12 hours, they couldn't concentrate 12 hours. 0_SIbHV2bho-01003-00557409-00557944 Whereas if you reduced it to 8 hours, you could really keep people at it, 0_SIbHV2bho-01004-00557944-00558241 solidly for 8 hours. 0_SIbHV2bho-01005-00558241-00559176 So the whole idea of intensity becomes crucial in how the capitalists are managing 0_SIbHV2bho-01006-00559176-00559961 the workforce; but also speed-up becomes entirely possible. 0_SIbHV2bho-01007-00559961-00561141 So this becomes a thesis that he puts together as a general argument, 0_SIbHV2bho-01008-00561141-00561624 for looking at the impact of what is going on inside the labour process. 0_SIbHV2bho-01009-00561624-00562017 In other words, the technology and the labour process are linked together 0_SIbHV2bho-01010-00562017-00562648 in such a way as to increase intensity and also to change the nature of social relations. 0_SIbHV2bho-01011-00562648-00563123 So one of the things that you have to do, is to recognize that this chapter on machinery is written 0_SIbHV2bho-01012-00563123-00563357 in that context. 0_SIbHV2bho-01013-00563357-00564101 What Marx does is to universalize what is going on in Manchester at that 0_SIbHV2bho-01014-00564101-00564229 particular period, 0_SIbHV2bho-01015-00564229-00565109 into a general theory about what machinery and large-scale industry are about. 0_SIbHV2bho-01016-00565109-00566003 Now there's a very serious argument to be made that if Engels had been located in Birmingham, 0_SIbHV2bho-01017-00566003-00566346 the whole structure of industry in Birmingham was radically different, 0_SIbHV2bho-01018-00566346-00567426 you didn't have large-scale factories, you had what we'll call conglomerated small workshops. 0_SIbHV2bho-01019-00567426-00567863 Producing guns and jewelry. 0_SIbHV2bho-01020-00567863-00568384 The guns and jewelry quarter of Birmingham was a very famous production quarter 0_SIbHV2bho-01021-00568384-00569331 which is very analogous to some of the 0_SIbHV2bho-01022-00569331-00569876 industrial structures which arisen in silicon valley and all the rest of it. 0_SIbHV2bho-01023-00569876-00570222 In other words, it was a it was a much more decentered 0_SIbHV2bho-01024-00570222-00570951 system, a lot more sub-contracting, a lot more integrated. It was a very dynamic industrial form 0_SIbHV2bho-01025-00570951-00571406 which Marx seems to know very little about, 0_SIbHV2bho-01026-00571406-00572284 so he doesn't actually uses the Birmingham experience to talk about what industrialists do. 0_SIbHV2bho-01027-00572284-00572798 He tends to think that all industrialists will go the way of Manchester. 0_SIbHV2bho-01028-00572798-00573498 When in fact, a good segment of the industry even at that time is going the way of Birmingham. 0_SIbHV2bho-01029-00573541-00574103 And if you look analogously today, you'd say, well if I went to 0_SIbHV2bho-01030-00574103-00574446 South Korea, particularly for 4-5 years ago, 0_SIbHV2bho-01031-00574446-00574872 and I'd look at all the employment and the chair balls and all those kinds of things, 0_SIbHV2bho-01032-00574872-00575248 I would come up with the Manchester view of the world. 0_SIbHV2bho-01033-00575248-00575496 If I went to Hong Kong, 0_SIbHV2bho-01034-00575496-00575882 and saw all of the organizations of sweatshops and all that kind of stuff, in Hong Kong 0_SIbHV2bho-01035-00575882-00576177 I'd end up with a Birmingham view of the world. 0_SIbHV2bho-01036-00576177-00576544 And actually the Manchester vs the Birmingham view of the world has been 0_SIbHV2bho-01037-00576544-00577021 very important in understanding the dynamics of industry. 0_SIbHV2bho-01038-00577021-00577693 There is I think a serious bias in this chapter towards the Manchester view of the world, 0_SIbHV2bho-01039-00578003-00578805 I lay that out because that's one of the arguments I want to emphasize next week, we're going to be talking about the Manchester system. 0_SIbHV2bho-01040-00578805-00579138 And what Marx is doing there is to say that it will become universal, 0_SIbHV2bho-01041-00579138-00579494 and to some degree it has become universal because the Manchester system 0_SIbHV2bho-01042-00579494-00579998 of the sort he's talking about is indeed the sort of system you would've found in Pittsburgh 0_SIbHV2bho-01043-00579998-00580587 in Detroit, in South Korea. 0_SIbHV2bho-01044-00580587-00581071 But is not the kind of system you find in Bavaria or the Third Italy, 0_SIbHV2bho-01045-00581071-00581671 or you'd find in sweatshop complexes of Los Angeles, 0_SIbHV2bho-01046-00581671-00582432 or in Hong Kong where there's small workshop organization. 0_SIbHV2bho-01047-00582432-00582698 So we have to figure that in here. 0_SIbHV2bho-01048-00582698-00582925 It's very important to 0_SIbHV2bho-01049-00582925-00583581 put down a historical marker, and say 'look, this is what Marx is working from, 0_SIbHV2bho-01050-00583581-00584006 he did a very good job of working on it from that perspective, but it's not the only perspective 0_SIbHV2bho-01051-00584006-00584090 there is. 0_SIbHV2bho-01052-00584090-00584536 So we've got to bear that in mind going through the rest of this chapter. 0_SIbHV2bho-01053-00584536-00584878 So I want to go to the end of this chapter, but I also want, next week, to do the chapter 0_SIbHV2bho-01054-00584878-00585247 on absolute and relative surplus-value. 0_SIbHV2bho-01055-00585247-00585686 Chapter sixteen which is relatively short. 0_SIbHV2bho-01056-00585686-00586045 This chapter on machinery is a long chapter, 0_SIbHV2bho-01057-00586045-00586348 like I say you have to go through it, say 'okay, what's he dealing with? 0_SIbHV2bho-01058-00586348-00586986 Okay, here's the revolution, here's the transfer, here's the effect on workers, 0_SIbHV2bho-01059-00586986-00587483 here's the factory system, here's what struggles are about etc.' 0_SIbHV2bho-01060-00587483-00587878 So you go through a whole set of ideas you'll see him moving around some of these elements as he does so. 0_SIbHV2bho-01061-00587878-00588171 But we'll get back to that question he raised, next week. Okay? 0BORZVyODJy-00000-00000037-00000295 (upbeat music) 0BORZVyODJy-00001-00000941-00001070 -: Peace. 0BORZVyODJy-00002-00001070-00001364 I'm Adam Jabari, and this lesson 0BORZVyODJy-00003-00001364-00001696 is called Separate Together. 0BORZVyODJy-00004-00001696-00002130 We're going to use photography to share a message. 0BORZVyODJy-00005-00002221-00002561 As with all photography, we need a source of light. 0BORZVyODJy-00006-00002700-00002860 Where does your light come from? 0BORZVyODJy-00007-00003035-00003234 You will need your camera. 0BORZVyODJy-00008-00003345-00003690 A smartphone or a tablet with a camera app 0BORZVyODJy-00009-00003690-00003880 is perfect for this practice. 0BORZVyODJy-00010-00003996-00004496 And you will need pen and paper, like a notebook. 0BORZVyODJy-00011-00004712-00005037 Let's start with three full breaths. 0BORZVyODJy-00012-00005190-00005690 Sit nice and tall, heart forward, crown high, 0BORZVyODJy-00013-00005747-00006100 and take a deep breath in through your nose. 0BORZVyODJy-00014-00006100-00006400 (inhales) 0BORZVyODJy-00015-00006400-00006659 And exhale slowly from your nose. 0BORZVyODJy-00016-00006659-00006876 (exhales) 0BORZVyODJy-00017-00007080-00007463 Take a hand and place it over your low belly 0BORZVyODJy-00018-00007463-00007727 and another one over your heart. 0BORZVyODJy-00019-00007727-00007995 Draw another deep breath in through your nose, 0BORZVyODJy-00020-00007995-00008079 (inhales) 0BORZVyODJy-00021-00008079-00008345 into your belly, into your heart. 0BORZVyODJy-00022-00008538-00008867 And slow exhale from the nose. 0BORZVyODJy-00023-00008867-00009084 (exhales) 0BORZVyODJy-00024-00009272-00009617 Let's do that one more time, deep breath in and out 0BORZVyODJy-00025-00009617-00009801 through the nose. 0BORZVyODJy-00026-00009801-00010018 (inhales) 0BORZVyODJy-00027-00010301-00010518 (exhales) 0BORZVyODJy-00028-00011602-00011776 Now we're nice and grounded. 0BORZVyODJy-00029-00011925-00012425 Today we are going to create a letter through images. 0BORZVyODJy-00030-00012511-00013011 Think about the people who are most affected right now. 0BORZVyODJy-00031-00013283-00013557 They can be the essential workers, 0BORZVyODJy-00032-00013672-00014073 like grocery store clerks, delivery people, 0BORZVyODJy-00033-00014259-00014757 cleaning staff, bus drivers, nurses, 0BORZVyODJy-00034-00014844-00015344 doctors, think about people who may be underserved, 0BORZVyODJy-00035-00015561-00016027 like people without houses, or without adequate 0BORZVyODJy-00036-00016027-00016221 access to healthcare. 0BORZVyODJy-00037-00016549-00016826 What kind of message would you like to write 0BORZVyODJy-00038-00017062-00017518 to these essential or underserved people? 0BORZVyODJy-00039-00017518-00017889 Take two to three minutes in your notebook 0BORZVyODJy-00040-00017999-00018499 and write some words to those people in your life 0BORZVyODJy-00041-00018623-00018762 or in your community. 0BORZVyODJy-00042-00019753-00020054 (pen clicks) 0BORZVyODJy-00043-00020054-00020312 (upbeat music) 0BORZVyODJy-00044-00025394-00025594 Who did you think about? 0BORZVyODJy-00045-00025706-00026195 What group or individual came to mind for you? 0BORZVyODJy-00046-00026195-00026491 Refer back to the words that you wrote, 0BORZVyODJy-00047-00026594-00026783 the feelings behind it. 0BORZVyODJy-00048-00026783-00027052 We're going to use our cameras 0BORZVyODJy-00049-00027052-00027445 to represent some of these ideas. 0BORZVyODJy-00050-00027551-00028051 For example, healthcare is a human right. 0BORZVyODJy-00051-00028345-00028506 That's something I wrote. 0BORZVyODJy-00052-00028506-00028835 And with my camera, and my imagination, 0BORZVyODJy-00053-00029064-00029433 I'm going to find a way to share that message 0BORZVyODJy-00054-00029433-00029608 through an image. 0BORZVyODJy-00055-00029608-00030108 I might think about masks, or gloves, 0BORZVyODJy-00056-00030304-00030596 or maybe use props like a thermometer, 0BORZVyODJy-00057-00030754-00031161 or maybe even a hot cup of tea, a BAND-AID. 0BORZVyODJy-00058-00031161-00031583 What objects and props best represent 0BORZVyODJy-00059-00031583-00031962 the message that you wanna share? 0BORZVyODJy-00060-00032129-00032424 What spaces and environments best represents 0BORZVyODJy-00061-00032424-00032673 that message that you wanna share? 0BORZVyODJy-00062-00032673-00033173 Your challenge today is to take your camera, 0BORZVyODJy-00063-00033186-00033472 find the props, find the spaces, 0BORZVyODJy-00064-00033472-00033817 and share your voice, these love letters. 0BORZVyODJy-00065-00033817-00033996 Express them through these images. 0BORZVyODJy-00066-00034355-00034715 Photographer Carrie Mae Weems said, 0BORZVyODJy-00067-00034840-00035338 "I'm so happy to be alive and to make my work. 0BORZVyODJy-00068-00035498-00035666 "But I didn't do it alone. 0BORZVyODJy-00069-00035815-00036120 "So many have paved the way for me, 0BORZVyODJy-00070-00036212-00036634 "and for that I'm extraordinarily grateful." 0BORZVyODJy-00071-00036802-00037255 Think about a community, individual, or group 0BORZVyODJy-00072-00037255-00037455 that you'd like to send your message to. 0BORZVyODJy-00073-00037669-00038169 How are they being affected by the coronavirus, 0BORZVyODJy-00074-00038274-00038582 by social distancing, by quarantine? 0BORZVyODJy-00075-00038893-00039393 Take some time to log on to your search engines, 0BORZVyODJy-00076-00039485-00039872 and find out some specifics of the impact 0BORZVyODJy-00077-00039979-00040465 for individuals and groups in different demographics. 0BORZVyODJy-00078-00040641-00041025 Let these inform the message that you send, 0BORZVyODJy-00079-00041025-00041363 to offer some support, or compassion, 0BORZVyODJy-00080-00041363-00041681 or information that might be helpful. 0BORZVyODJy-00081-00041681-00042181 While we are distant, remember that we are 0BORZVyODJy-00082-00042206-00042542 all together in this. 0BORZVyODJy-00083-00042542-00043026 We are all the same stardust, all live on the same planet, 0BORZVyODJy-00084-00043026-00043287 all need the same resources. 0BORZVyODJy-00085-00043506-00043941 Me and you, your momma, and your cousin too. 0BORZVyODJy-00086-00044061-00044249 I'm Adam Jabari. 0BORZVyODJy-00087-00044249-00044423 Thanks for being here today. 0BORZVyODJy-00088-00044588-00044801 Peace. 0BORZVyODJy-00089-00044801-00045060 (upbeat music) 0GK2AFP9n-g-00000-00000040-00000584 oh, how is he running so fast. it looks like it's just for one second. 0GK2AFP9n-g-00001-00001488-00001968 okay, so this is what the ipad west was built for. this is the one i'm using right now, 0GK2AFP9n-g-00002-00002048-00002400 right, and combined with apple pencil, 0GK2AFP9n-g-00003-00002400-00002984 they release the ipad, and all of this comes together to deliver a whole social device. 0GK2AFP9n-g-00004-00003311-00003760 oh, we have a big release that's going to take this versatility even further. 0GK2AFP9n-g-00005-00003760-00004216 okay, here's what's going to happen. the host of features i heard about earlier, and i was in mac os 0GK2AFP9n-g-00006-00004272-00004712 that are going to be great on the ipad. not sure for the library. that's great. 0GK2AFP9n-g-00007-00004768-00005104 i'll show you 10 people, since whiskey's in safari, oh there you go. 0GK2AFP9n-g-00008-00005312-00005808 now the social media, mother jackpot, is very good stuff. there's something to display with. 0GK2AFP9n-g-00009-00005808-00006472 beautiful animation as you can see in class. okay, that's good. i'm driving rain, and all 0GK2AFP9n-g-00010-00006472-00007112 these muzzles are attackable to access detailed information, and there's this rounding weather. 0GK2AFP9n-g-00011-00008048-00008480 and new features for pro users. uh, he could battleship the power of 0GK2AFP9n-g-00012-00008480-00009264 the m1 chip on the ipad pro, so let's start with collaboration. 0H3QBeupvm8-00000-00000102-00000894 what are these things oh oh hey there welcome to your extremely 0H3QBeupvm8-00001-00000894-00001224 quick eye exam appointment go ahead and look at this light for me I'm right here 0H3QBeupvm8-00002-00001518-00001794 okay go ahead and cover one eye for me and read the first line 0H3QBeupvm8-00003-00001794-00002190 back there what letter is it e okay good read line number five 0H3QBeupvm8-00004-00002538-00002970 please thank you okay I just have to log in to get your information in there 0H3QBeupvm8-00005-00003036-00003318 username not a real doctor 0H3QBeupvm8-00006-00003528-00003882 stop your eyes look a little Dusty to me so I'm going to go ahead and just clean your 0H3QBeupvm8-00007-00003882-00004422 eyes with this little uh micro bacterial cleaning cotton swab okay just stand still 0H3QBeupvm8-00008-00005550-00005748 okay we're just gonna use this pick right here 0H3QBeupvm8-00009-00005748-00005958 to pick out some of the stuff out of your eye too okay ready 0H3QBeupvm8-00010-00007062-00007416 nice and clean now this one makes a lot of people nervous what color is this 0H3QBeupvm8-00011-00007494-00007980 no not this color that color no not that color this color right here 0H3QBeupvm8-00012-00008040-00008718 not that one this one oh my okay you know what we'll just restart what color does this look like 0H3QBeupvm8-00013-00008886-00009384 red perfect the color of blood next up I want you to tell me how this makes you feel 0H3QBeupvm8-00014-00010224-00010494 good good good nice and slow 0H3QBeupvm8-00015-00010698-00011370 how does it make you feel nervous great perfect okay and finally I'm just gonna need her to sign 0H3QBeupvm8-00016-00011370-00011946 this document right here don't worry it's nothing important good good okay it's just 0H3QBeupvm8-00017-00011946-00012468 confirming what's on the document okay thank you for the signature I appreciate that got him 0H3QBeupvm8-00018-00012576-00013008 okay looks like you're all done surprise we're gonna go ahead and get you to check 0H3QBeupvm8-00019-00013008-00013524 out over there with my assistant Deborah she's absolutely terrible so have a great 0H3QBeupvm8-00020-00013524-00013908 day and the only thing more surprising than this right here is going to be your bill 0H3QBeupvm8-00021-00013991-00014466 yeah I'm talking mad expensive I need that new Lamborghini baby 0NTSBxnsFo0-00000-00000744-00001288 Welcome to Tailem Bend. We're going to explore the Tailem Bend to Pinnaroo railway line today. 0NTSBxnsFo0-00001-00001288-00001776 It ran east from here to Pinnaroo on the South Australian and Victorian border. 0NTSBxnsFo0-00002-00001776-00002376 It opened in 1906 and closed in 2015 and as always on Outdoorstype - if you dig a 0NTSBxnsFo0-00003-00002376-00002984 little deeper and fly a little higher - there's more to explore - so let's go. 0NTSBxnsFo0-00004-00010944-00011384 This is bustling downtown Jabuk 0NTSBxnsFo0-00005-00013056-00014184 These towns have become ghost towns - there's really no one around 0NTSBxnsFo0-00006-00017880-00018496 Welcome to Pinnaroo, we've made it. 260 kilometers from Adelaide. There's quite a well looked after 0NTSBxnsFo0-00007-00018496-00019784 railway precinct here it's well worth stepping off the highway to come and check this area 0NTSBxnsFo0-00008-00020448-00021184 out 0NTSBxnsFo0-00009-00023568-00023904 That's it folks thanks for watching and i hope you enjoyed it. If you've 0NTSBxnsFo0-00010-00023904-00024288 got any questions just leave them in the comments don't forget to hit the like button 0NTSBxnsFo0-00011-00024288-00024712 and don't forget to subscribe and hit the notification button too so you'll 0NTSBxnsFo0-00012-00024712-00025384 see more of these videos as soon as iipublish them. There's always more to explore. Cheers! 0QBOW48KIac-00000-00002217-00002868 Hola amigos. Me llamo DJ Angelo y soy artista, consultor 0QBOW48KIac-00001-00002868-00005505 y embajador de Reloop DJ. He sido Dj durante 20 años y empecé, como 0QBOW48KIac-00002-00005505-00006225 muchos otros, en mi habitación con unos vinilos y una mesa de mezclar. Entonces en Reino Unido 0QBOW48KIac-00003-00006225-00006993 la música dance, la electrónica o el funky house eran muy populares, esta fue la música 0QBOW48KIac-00004-00006993-00007840 con la que empecé en los clubs, pero me enamoré del arte de pinchar así que, en cuanto aprendí 0QBOW48KIac-00005-00007840-00008567 a sincronizar busqué nuevos retos para no aburrirme, y así fue como empecé a descubrir 0QBOW48KIac-00006-00008567-00009779 el turntablism, el scratching… Hoy en día uso todo tipo de música, pero 0QBOW48KIac-00007-00009779-00011153 siempre trato de mantener un elemento de habilidad en los platos, hago mezclas creativas…es 0QBOW48KIac-00008-00011153-00013253 algo en lo que me he especializado y creo que es por eso por lo que la gente me conoce. 0QBOW48KIac-00009-00013253-00013887 Cuando empecé no había muchas opciones. El vinilo aún era la materia prima para pinchar, 0QBOW48KIac-00010-00013887-00014347 empecé con los platos y sigue siendo mi preferencia hoy en día, aunque existan otras tecnologías 0QBOW48KIac-00011-00014347-00014813 prefiero este acercamiento tradicional a la hora de pinchar, pero no soy un purista, no 0QBOW48KIac-00012-00014813-00015441 creo que todo el mundo tenga que pinchar como yo lo hago, estoy completamente abierto a 0QBOW48KIac-00013-00015441-00015948 las nuevas tecnologías. La tecnología está muy bien, y nos hace la vida mucho más fácil, 0QBOW48KIac-00014-00015948-00016705 pero tiene un precio también, ha hecho que el camino sea mucho más sencillo para todos, 0QBOW48KIac-00015-00016705-00017101 es mucho más fácil que cualquiera sea DJ. Cuando empecé tenías que ir muy en serio 0QBOW48KIac-00016-00017101-00017701 si querías ser DJ, costaba mucho dinero, tenías que invertir en el equipo, en discos, 0QBOW48KIac-00017-00017701-00018601 de algún modo esto hacía de filtro entre la gente que de verdad quería ser DJ y la 0QBOW48KIac-00018-00018601-00019500 gente que simplemente quería apuntarse a una moda. Ahora los DJs profesionales deben 0QBOW48KIac-00019-00019500-00020326 competir con la gente no profesional que se sienten atraídos por este estilo de vida. 0QBOW48KIac-00020-00020326-00021129 Es bueno y malo al mismo tiempo. Es un momento muy interesante para la industria del DJing, 0QBOW48KIac-00021-00021129-00021786 mi forma de competir y de seguir destacando es mantener mis habilidades muy involucradas 0QBOW48KIac-00022-00021786-00022568 en las actuaciones, hay muchas formas de falsear, hacer trampas o esconderse detrás de la tecnología, 0QBOW48KIac-00023-00022568-00023664 pero prefiero pinchar de una forma muy artesanal, demostrando lo que yo puedo hacer, no lo que 0QBOW48KIac-00024-00023664-00024295 la tecnología puede hacer por mí. Cuando era joven estaba muy interesado en 0QBOW48KIac-00025-00024295-00024611 todo lo relacionado con el DJing y durante un tiempo estaba siempre buscando competiciones. 0QBOW48KIac-00026-00024611-00025268 En 2001 entré en una competición en Londres, no me esperaba llegar muy lejos, pero llegué 0QBOW48KIac-00027-00025268-00026131 a la final. Era joven, no tenía experiencia y estaba muy nervioso. Estuve vomitando antes 0QBOW48KIac-00028-00026131-00026401 de subir al escenario, pero acabé ganando la final. 0QBOW48KIac-00029-00026401-00026956 Fue un gran empujón para la confianza que tenía en mí mismo, pero era joven y me confié 0QBOW48KIac-00030-00026956-00027631 demasiado. Al año siguiente volví a la misma competición, con un poco de arrogancia creo. 0QBOW48KIac-00031-00027631-00028408 Entré pensando que iba a ganar fácilmente pero ese año acabé tercero. Eso me hizo 0QBOW48KIac-00032-00028408-00029489 volver a tocar con los pies en el suelo, me di cuenta de que hay que seguir trabajando 0QBOW48KIac-00033-00029489-00030381 duro, nadie te regala nada. Tuve un subidón, luego un bajón, pero al 0QBOW48KIac-00034-00030381-00031123 año siguiente, me tragué mi orgullo y gané el título de nuevo. 0QBOW48KIac-00035-00031123-00032202 Esa fue una victoria personal para mí, recuperé mi orgullo y fue una de las últimas veces 0QBOW48KIac-00036-00032202-00032826 que me preocupé por competir. Ahora me gustan mucho las competiciones, me encanta ver competiciones 0QBOW48KIac-00037-00032826-00034583 de DJs y respeto al 100% a los DJs que participan, pero estoy feliz siendo espectador y compitiendo 0QBOW48KIac-00038-00034583-00035330 solo conmigo mismo. En 2009 Reloop me propuso ser uno de sus artistas, 0QBOW48KIac-00039-00035330-00035975 cuando la marca estaba entrando en el mercado del Reino Unido, he estado nueve años como 0QBOW48KIac-00040-00035975-00036700 artista, y ahora también colaboro como consultor y embajador creativo, ayudando en otras facetas 0QBOW48KIac-00041-00036700-00037737 del negocio, en la estrategia para los productos, el márquetin, las redes sociales. Estoy trabajando 0QBOW48KIac-00042-00037737-00038341 en la dirección de la marca y es muy gratificante para mí. 0QBOW48KIac-00043-00038341-00039017 Es una muy buena compañía, siempre tratan de innovar, es como un negocio familiar en 0QBOW48KIac-00044-00039017-00040578 muchos sentidos, es más pequeña que la mayoría de las empresas de DJing de modo que resulta 0QBOW48KIac-00045-00040578-00040814 más sencillo moverse rápido y reaccionar a las tendencias de la industria. 0QBOW48KIac-00046-00040814-00040952 A parte de pinchar, de forma convencional en clubs, ahora soy también un empresario 0QBOW48KIac-00047-00040952-00041517 de la industria del Djing, ayudo en la identidad de marca de Reloop y a parte también dirijo 0QBOW48KIac-00048-00041517-00042555 una escuela de DJ online. Yo diría que soy mitad artista mitad empresario ahora mismo. 0QBOW48KIac-00049-00042555-00043663 Ok amigos, eso es todo por mi parte, DJ Angelo, gracias a Adagio por invitarme a Barcelona 0QBOW48KIac-00050-00043663-00045602 y por supuesto, estad atentos a mis redes sociales y a Reloop porque vendrán algunas 0QBOW48KIac-00051-00045602-00047712 noticias muy interesantes próximamente, hasta la próxima y “Peace and progress” por 0QBOW48KIac-00052-00047712-00048434 mi parte, o en vuestro idioma: Paz y progreso. 0S5h3TQyyyy-00000-00000072-00000696 So this brings me now on to the section of the second diamond which we're starting 0S5h3TQyyyy-00001-00000696-00001616 with 'develop' and this was really about us well about my approach to gathering video content. So, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00002-00001616-00002112 I needed to establish goals for the video content but something I observed because I had to watch a 0S5h3TQyyyy-00003-00002112-00002624 lot of UX-focused videos to kind of find the stuff I was interested in, that there was a 0S5h3TQyyyy-00004-00002624-00003272 lot of content that was from United States and a lot of content from only men and so I wanted 0S5h3TQyyyy-00005-00003272-00003824 the videos to be more representative. Particularly because they were mashups it gave me more scope to 0S5h3TQyyyy-00006-00003824-00004480 kind of provide a mixture of people from different backgrounds, different genders, international 0S5h3TQyyyy-00007-00004568-00005296 perspectives and that allowed me to give a big, a better picture of some of the conceptual ideas 0S5h3TQyyyy-00008-00005296-00006072 from design that I wanted to get across. Also I wanted to make sure that the content quality was 0S5h3TQyyyy-00009-00006072-00006800 good so I wanted, I didn't want any recorded Zoom meetings. They're just not that great to re-watch. 0S5h3TQyyyy-00010-00006800-00007384 I also needed to make sure there were no flashing strobe visuals in the videos. the video must have 0S5h3TQyyyy-00011-00007384-00007856 a clear and compelling point and that comes to you know I needed to edit down to that clear 0S5h3TQyyyy-00012-00007856-00008424 and compelling point to make sure that I had good stuff for my mashups. Must have accurate subtitles 0S5h3TQyyyy-00013-00008424-00009008 loads of videos don't and uh yeah it just should be something that folks do now. I wanted to have 0S5h3TQyyyy-00014-00009008-00009728 wild card content so like things that seemed irrelevant on the face of it but in fact were 0S5h3TQyyyy-00015-00009728-00010248 relevant. I also asked for content suggestions so I did get a couple of suggestions from people 0S5h3TQyyyy-00016-00010248-00010824 as part of UX Brighton and I was able to put one of those in. Based on the collection of videos I 0S5h3TQyyyy-00017-00010824-00011464 came up with I was able to establish conceptual groupings so the first one was 'emotions, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00018-00011464-00012048 manipulation, and control'. Part two, 'content, symbolism, and perception' and then part three, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00019-00012048-00012592 'the new normal' was actually purposefully just a section from one video that was really short 0S5h3TQyyyy-00020-00012648-00013160 um and again why didn't I play that video? I don't know, that's the one thing where I really 0S5h3TQyyyy-00021-00013160-00013919 annoyed myself about. So moving on uh still in the development section there were some things I also 0S5h3TQyyyy-00022-00013919-00014568 needed to put in place in terms of contingency and mitigation. So contingency being what if the worst 0S5h3TQyyyy-00023-00014568-00015296 case scenario happens and none of this technology works. Well the contingency plan here was to 0S5h3TQyyyy-00024-00015368-00015919 make the videos available via direct link and also to make sure that there was a schedule available 0S5h3TQyyyy-00025-00015919-00016488 beforehand so for example if someone couldn't be in backyard they could still follow along. 0S5h3TQyyyy-00026-00016488-00017072 One of the first things in the session itself was to make sure I linked to a Google doc that had the 0S5h3TQyyyy-00027-00017072-00017752 full schedule all of the video links in it and I also included a full playlist of the the videos 0S5h3TQyyyy-00028-00017752-00018272 that we used but also all the original videos so that people could go and revisit the full 0S5h3TQyyyy-00029-00018272-00018960 version of the original content as opposed to my extremely edited down key points that became 0S5h3TQyyyy-00030-00018960-00019608 part of the video mashups. So mitigation plans were things to try and help prevent issues ahead 0S5h3TQyyyy-00031-00019608-00020320 of time so this included having a screen break and this is to just counteract screen fatigue, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00032-00020320-00020856 so we made sure that was built into the schedule. Explained the software requirements beforehand so 0S5h3TQyyyy-00033-00020856-00021480 we were clear about the fact that this was gonna need to happen on a laptop not on a mobile device. 0S5h3TQyyyy-00034-00021480-00021920 Create a feedback survey to support development I mean this is something that's so important 0S5h3TQyyyy-00035-00021920-00022568 and it was really helpful to get feedback from people so I then also made sure that I iteratively 0S5h3TQyyyy-00036-00022568-00023080 sort of tested what I was doing so I did an initial test with someone who was co-organizing 0S5h3TQyyyy-00037-00023080-00023536 and then I ran another test where it was more like the real thing where we tried playing the 0S5h3TQyyyy-00038-00023536-00024056 videos and then we tried playing the game and testing that the start and stop, me starting 0S5h3TQyyyy-00039-00024056-00024552 and stopping the videos, that they would start and stop for everybody. Which is one of the 0S5h3TQyyyy-00040-00024552-00025192 cool things that was part of backyard is that I could play a YouTube video and it would play for 0S5h3TQyyyy-00041-00025192-00025664 everybody but it wasn't screen sharing it was kind of like a synchronized play which was really cool. 0S5h3TQyyyy-00042-00025832-00026368 Then I tested that the chat links worked and tested that the subtitles or the closed captions 0S5h3TQyyyy-00043-00026368-00027039 work. Now we go on to the actual 'delivery' of the watch party and this is where like it blew my mind 0S5h3TQyyyy-00044-00027039-00027839 I had such an amazing time like I really, really, really enjoyed it. So, the observations I had were 0S5h3TQyyyy-00045-00027895-00028360 that actually the controversial ideas in the mashups worked really well. So, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00046-00028360-00029064 I did have um this whole thing about kind of 'asshole designers' which was from ACM which 0S5h3TQyyyy-00047-00029064-00029792 is one of the sort of major computing journals or or kind of international bodies I suppose it's a 0S5h3TQyyyy-00048-00029792-00030456 better way of describing them and uh it was it was deliberately put in there to kind of provoke. By 0S5h3TQyyyy-00049-00030456-00031032 including certain videos in the mashups it wasn't that I was condoning them, but more that I wanted 0S5h3TQyyyy-00050-00031088-00031632 people to think about how these different approaches to the same issues were presented 0S5h3TQyyyy-00051-00031632-00032383 so the kind of 'asshole designer' presentation was all about dark patterns ostensibly whereas um 0S5h3TQyyyy-00052-00032448-00033000 that was presented alongside a much older video from Harry Brignull where he was talking about 0S5h3TQyyyy-00053-00033000-00033480 dark patterns and that was one of the first times I think that that was talked about as a concept 0S5h3TQyyyy-00054-00033480-00034040 in UX and it was again tapping into things that have been in the news recently because of the 0S5h3TQyyyy-00055-00034040-00034544 legislation in california about dark patterns and that kind of thing. It was definitely like 0S5h3TQyyyy-00056-00034656-00035168 really helping me exercise those curatorial muscles which I miss so much. I really miss 0S5h3TQyyyy-00057-00035168-00035736 curating experiences in art galleries I will miss it for the rest of my life I think. Big 0S5h3TQyyyy-00058-00035736-00036256 thing that was really super annoying was that I could not mute people while videos were playing 0S5h3TQyyyy-00059-00036256-00036680 so I kept having to remind people to mute. It's something I really took for granted, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00060-00036680-00037232 I didn't put it in my requirements list because almost every single webinar tool or meeting tool 0S5h3TQyyyy-00061-00037232-00037824 it lets you, as the host, mute everybody but this was not not something that backyard allowed me to 0S5h3TQyyyy-00062-00037824-00038384 do. It was more egalitarian in that sense um so yeah I think anything for a watch party you need 0S5h3TQyyyy-00063-00038384-00038768 to be able to mute people because you need to be able to focus on the videos and not have any 0S5h3TQyyyy-00064-00038768-00039272 weird background sound coming through. Also the video did not always stop when I pressed stop 0S5h3TQyyyy-00065-00039272-00039872 a bit annoyingly. So I had no problem pressing play for everyone but when I pressed stop or the 0S5h3TQyyyy-00066-00039872-00040392 video ended it just kept playing or it would go on to the next suggested video as YouTube 0S5h3TQyyyy-00067-00040392-00040896 so likes to do there were certainly some usability issues with the game that we were playing in 0S5h3TQyyyy-00068-00040984-00041576 backyard.co so um for example we were doing a drawing game because I thought that was the 0S5h3TQyyyy-00069-00041576-00042208 most fun game having tested with my little beta test group before so it's quite hard to draw 0S5h3TQyyyy-00070-00042208-00042904 with a touchpad in this game and uh sometimes it wasn't clear what to click so that sort of 0S5h3TQyyyy-00071-00042960-00043648 held us up a bit in terms of the time um because people weren't sure how to continue the game or 0S5h3TQyyyy-00072-00043648-00044064 and and so we got held up kind of looking at a screen waiting for people to click things 0S5h3TQyyyy-00073-00044120-00044648 so that was something I could have definitely done better and it was sometimes hard to reign 0S5h3TQyyyy-00074-00044648-00045232 in the discussion as well because people got really into it I think also there's the notion 0S5h3TQyyyy-00075-00045232-00045752 that I've touched on a little bit about needing to adjust from the original plan so I originally 0S5h3TQyyyy-00076-00045752-00046288 was gonna have a break after the first video but people were really into it and they wanted to 0S5h3TQyyyy-00077-00046288-00046912 keep going and I could feel because the webcams were on, and I'd asked people to keep them on, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00078-00046976-00047456 I could feel the energy in the room a bit better and felt like no people want to keep going they 0S5h3TQyyyy-00079-00047456-00047968 want to keep engaging with this content. We're just getting warmed up here so I shifted the 0S5h3TQyyyy-00080-00047968-00048576 schedule around a bit, um so I think it's a big part of that webcams being on is kind of 0S5h3TQyyyy-00081-00048576-00049104 establishing the etiquette and the expectations of this particular format and sort of saying at the 0S5h3TQyyyy-00082-00049104-00049536 beginning like "I would I would like if you feel comfortable I would like you to keep your webcams 0S5h3TQyyyy-00083-00049536-00050040 on while you're watching because it feels then like we're watching together" which is the purpose 0S5h3TQyyyy-00084-00050040-00050688 of this watch party. So that's a key part of the onboarding process um one of the interesting, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00085-00050688-00051232 really interesting things to me I have to say is that there was the person who seemed to me 0S5h3TQyyyy-00086-00051232-00051728 like reading, on the reading the room perhaps less engaged on the face of it because they had their 0S5h3TQyyyy-00087-00051728-00052232 webcam turned off and their audio was muted. Actually they were really engaged in the video 0S5h3TQyyyy-00088-00052232-00052824 bingo. It's great that someone really went through and paid attention to that and then they came 0S5h3TQyyyy-00089-00052824-00053400 on the microphone and let me know that they had managed all of the bingo matches and so then I was 0S5h3TQyyyy-00090-00053400-00054055 able to kind of cherish that person's version of interaction. I think we did really co-create some 0S5h3TQyyyy-00091-00054055-00054584 fantastic knowledge through the discussion, through the act of discussion and through sharing 0S5h3TQyyyy-00092-00054664-00055079 sort of additional information that we had from our practice about 0S5h3TQyyyy-00093-00055079-00055640 the videos or about some of the issues that were discussed in the videos. Moderation worked 0S5h3TQyyyy-00094-00055640-00056208 quite well I was able to multi-task and run the technology while I was moderating the discussions, 0S5h3TQyyyy-00095-00056344-00056920 there were some challenges about sort of certain people kind of dominating the discussion and I 0S5h3TQyyyy-00096-00056920-00057400 think this I think this is always a challenge when you're facilitating, trying to be mindful of who 0S5h3TQyyyy-00097-00057400-00057960 is taking up the most auditory space. Yeah I think we managed to keep it pretty balanced but there 0S5h3TQyyyy-00098-00057960-00058496 were some people I would have liked to hear more from. So the feedback, we got some really positive 0S5h3TQyyyy-00099-00058496-00059191 feedback um respondents like the use of video to stimulate the conversation folks said they would 0S5h3TQyyyy-00100-00059191-00059791 come back and they would recommend going to a watch party so that's really exciting um they like 0S5h3TQyyyy-00101-00059791-00060440 the mashups of different videos and I think that it's something that really helps to keep attention 0S5h3TQyyyy-00102-00060440-00060832 going because you just don't know what's going to come next kind of like a video pick n' mix. The 0S5h3TQyyyy-00103-00060832-00061296 negative was that there were some issues with the sound interference, that's almost certainly to do 0S5h3TQyyyy-00104-00061296-00061912 with the muting. There were issues with the UI in the drawing game app. We should have watched 0S5h3TQyyyy-00105-00061912-00062616 the last video I keep saying that, we really should have! Better time keeping. What would I do 0S5h3TQyyyy-00106-00062616-00063264 differently next time well as you can guess play the final video, use a timer for the discussions 0S5h3TQyyyy-00107-00063384-00063967 and the activities. I'd ask attendees to suggest video content in future because I think that 0S5h3TQyyyy-00108-00063967-00064640 helps with buy-in as if people can suggest some video content. I'd probably send out the concepts 0S5h3TQyyyy-00109-00064640-00065240 we were gonna cover earlier but also ask for any concepts that people felt would be really 0S5h3TQyyyy-00110-00065344-00066112 topical. Use a different application unfortunately because backyard.co is no longer available so it 0S5h3TQyyyy-00111-00066112-00066872 was sunset on the 26th of June when it was brought out by Discord. So it showed a lot of promise but 0S5h3TQyyyy-00112-00066872-00067384 unfortunately it's not something we'll be able to use ever again so that's the slight 0S5h3TQyyyy-00113-00067456-00067992 that that's the slightly sad thing about all of this, but I'm so glad that we managed to 0S5h3TQyyyy-00114-00067992-00069000 fit in such a thorough and exciting beta test of the software while it existed um and yeah as I say 0S5h3TQyyyy-00115-00069000-00069632 I've taken so much learning forward through this experience so I'm very very glad that we did this! 0UqIr4PZIHy-00000-00001051-00001902 Gallerists 0UqIr4PZIHy-00001-00002320-00002849 Almost each artist has this pull-out art storage rack, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00002-00002849-00003076 here´s Daniel Pitín for example, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00003-00003076-00003994 it´s a really smart system for hanging paintings, art works, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00004-00003994-00004577 here´s Jaromír Novotný. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00005-00004577-00005001 So almost every artist has this type of panel, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00006-00005001-00005423 except for Tomáš Vaněk for example 0UqIr4PZIHy-00007-00005423-00005721 because we don´t need it for sound installations. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00008-00007486-00007953 Let´s say first where we met for this interview. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00009-00007953-00008749 Well, this is our showroom, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00010-00009032-00009487 this is where we keep paintings and drawings, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00011-00009487-00009742 and a couple of sculptures, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00012-00009742-00010451 This is exactly what everyone would like to have. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00013-00010451-00010937 Today your gallery is one of the oldest in Prague 0UqIr4PZIHy-00014-00010937-00011460 you are in a different position, you have been here for twelve years, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00015-00011460-00011927 Yes, we have celebrated our 12th anniversary. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00016-00011927-00012321 I still feel that we are such a young gallery 0UqIr4PZIHy-00017-00012321-00012847 and I´m always surprised when people say we´re an established gallery. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00018-00012847-00013350 I´m not sure whether I´m ready to be an established gallery 0UqIr4PZIHy-00019-00013350-00013503 but probably it´s true. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00020-00013458-00014008 Nowadays there are more art collectors in the Czech Republic. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00021-00014008-00014428 In the beginning we sold art only abroad. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00022-00014428-00015587 When you started in 2005 did you know you would be selling art mainly to foreign collectors? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00023-00015587-00016009 Did you believe that there was a lack of this type of galleries on the Czech art scene 0UqIr4PZIHy-00024-00016009-00016285 and that Czech collectors were waiting for them. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00025-00016285-00016503 We just wanted to try it. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00026-00016503-00017112 Do you remember when our friend from New York came a few months before we opened the gallery 0UqIr4PZIHy-00027-00017112-00017673 and she said: "That´s wonderful, when you have your gallery, we can meet at Art Basel." 0UqIr4PZIHy-00028-00017835-00019058 And I said to myself: "Oh my god, Art Basel!" For me it was so far away... we just wanted a gallery. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00029-00019058-00019601 We didn´t expect to participate in good art fairs, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00030-00019601-00019888 we were only planning to try it. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00031-00019888-00020165 But you tried fairly early, didn´t you? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00032-00020165-00020430 Yes, in 2007. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00033-00020430-00021349 When talking about Art Basel, do you believe your gallery will get there one day or 0UqIr4PZIHy-00034-00021349-00022366 is this major art fair too difficult to take part in? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00035-00023021-00023273 We don´t have any Warhol, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00036-00023273-00024080 Art Basel is for different type of artists 0UqIr4PZIHy-00037-00024080-00024240 than the ones we deal with. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00038-00024240-00024883 I´m not sure whether it is the peak we want to reach. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00039-00024883-00025317 We want to take part in fairs that are important for our artists. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00040-00025317-00026000 So far it´s only Liste or Arts Statements, which is specific for the established solo... 0UqIr4PZIHy-00041-00026000-00026293 We haven´t even applied for the main Art Basel, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00042-00026293-00026618 because it doesn´t make sense. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00043-00026618-00026816 Only the special sections. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00044-00026816-00027409 Is it worth taking part in art fairs on a short term basis? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00045-00027409-00028010 I understand that in the long run it is a major strategic element to be seen at fairs. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00046-00028010-00028670 When you come back in June from Basel so are you in the red or do you make money? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00047-00028862-00029302 At least we aren´t in the red. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00048-00029302-00029524 No, we aren´t. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00049-00030005-00030275 Participation in fairs has to be paid well in advance, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00050-00030275-00030816 with a new gallery all the fees, everything has to be paid for in advance, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00051-00030816-00031141 and you get the money for a project usually a year later. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00052-00031141-00031737 Does a collector buy a painting at a fair, pack it up and take it home straight away? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00053-00031737-00031999 Yes. But only small things. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00054-00031999-00032808 How important is Miami and exhibitions in America? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00055-00032808-00033568 I don´t know, I meet American curators, museum directors and art collectors more in Basel. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00056-00033568-00034198 Is there a difference between what European and American collectors buy? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00057-00034198-00034493 I don´t think so. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00058-00034493-00034688 No, not really. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00059-00034688-00035651 Do the works of the artists you represent sell better abroad or here? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00060-00035651-00036354 For example Eva Koťátková. Are her works sold in the Czech Republic, too? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00061-00036354-00036612 It´s more difficult here. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00062-00036612-00037220 Yes, you´re right, there are artists whose work is sold easier abroad, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00063-00037220-00037375 Eva is a good example. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00064-00037375-00037703 I think that institutions are a problem. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00065-00037703-00038001 That´s what we miss here. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00066-00038002-00038607 There are private collectors with larger or smaller collections, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00067-00038607-00039238 but what is important for us is to sell works to institutions, museums or galleries 0UqIr4PZIHy-00068-00039238-00039839 where the public can see the art works. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00069-00040153-00040596 Have you sold anything to local art institutions? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00070-00040596-00040698 Yes, we have. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00071-00040698-00041017 But we sold more art abroad. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00072-00041017-00041714 A few years ago, when there was a solo show of Daniel Pitín at the fair in Brussels, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00073-00041714-00042386 I was surprised to see that the prices were higher than prices of works by Pepa Bolf, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00074-00042386-00043004 because on the Czech art scene Pepa Bolf is kind of more famous. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00075-00043004-00043864 Can you explain this and can you tell us what influences the prices? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00076-00043864-00044381 The prices are influenced by places where the artists exhibited their work, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00077-00044381-00044730 if there work is found in public collections. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00078-00044730-00045292 Daniel has worked for a long time with the Viennese gallery Charim, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00079-00045292-00046193 and the prices must be the same in Vienna and Prague. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00080-00046373-00046733 Let´s go back to the beginning. Do you remember what was the first thing you sold? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00081-00046733-00047427 Yes, I do. It was a small painting by Míša Thelenová, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00082-00047427-00047770 it was similar to that one. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00083-00047770-00048613 I must thank Catherine Cabaniss, she was the one who bought the first painting, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00084-00048613-00049002 it was so cheap, about eight thousand crowns, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00085-00049002-00049225 we gave her a frame free. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00086-00049225-00049806 I think the first year we didn´t sell anything to a Czech collector. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00087-00050298-00050542 Thank you Catherine Cabaniss. We love you. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00088-00050684-00051021 When was the turning point? When did Czech collectors start coming? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00089-00051021-00051740 I´d say that now things have changed, the Czechs understand what we´re doing, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00090-00051740-00052208 but if they want to buy art from studios... 0UqIr4PZIHy-00091-00052208-00052351 And do they still try to do this? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00092-00052351-00052885 Do they try to evade you and try to get the artists´phone numbers? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00093-00052885-00053324 Of course they do, but our artists are loyal. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00094-00053324-00054408 And what about the sale of artworks such as sound installations by Tomáš Vaněk? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00095-00054408-00054991 In what form do you sell them? As a neat CD? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00096-00054991-00055616 I think we haven´t sold any sound installation so far. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00097-00055616-00055846 It´s no doubt difficult to sell. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00098-00055846-00056563 It´s like art performances. Tomáš´s work is very close to performance art. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00099-00056563-00057086 What about young artists? Do they come and bring you their portfolios? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00100-00057086-00057881 Yeah, we get a lot of emails. And we try to answer them all. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00101-00057881-00058712 From all over the world, from China, India... 0UqIr4PZIHy-00102-00058857-00059137 Basim Magdy is the only foreign artist you represent at present. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00103-00059137-00059328 Yes, for the time being. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00104-00059328-00059956 Let´s go back to the financial aspects of running a gallery. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00105-00059956-00060614 I know you got a grant from the Ministry of Culture and the town council, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00106-00060614-00061306 how important is this type of support for you? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00107-00061306-00061756 Every support is important for a gallery, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00108-00061756-00062333 as I said before, starting a gallery is difficult, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00109-00062333-00062851 and every gallery wants to gain international recognition, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00110-00062851-00063266 but in the beginning it´s difficult to succeed at art fairs. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00111-00063266-00063819 We have better and better results but we also have higher and higher costs. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00112-00063819-00064469 so of course those grants are important for us. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00113-00064469-00064930 You moved to another place a few years ago, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00114-00064930-00065130 now you have more space, 0UqIr4PZIHy-00115-00065130-00065490 how did all this influence the running of the gallery? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00116-00065490-00065683 The transfer from Letná to Žižkov? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00117-00065866-00066156 We needed an office 0UqIr4PZIHy-00118-00066262-00066601 and a showroom and a storage space. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00119-00066601-00067112 And now we also have assistants, at long last! 0UqIr4PZIHy-00120-00067112-00067297 After twelve years! 0UqIr4PZIHy-00121-00067297-00067811 Yeah, because before that we did everything ourselves, everything... 0UqIr4PZIHy-00122-00067811-00069130 I have one more question. If you got a million crowns, how would you invest this money? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00123-00069130-00069404 And would it change the gallery in any way? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00124-00069404-00069896 Aha, what would we do with a million? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00125-00069896-00070400 The gallery or us? You would simply get a million crowns. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00126-00070400-00071196 The gallery. I don´t know. It´s a good question. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00127-00071196-00071605 I don´t know. We´d buy things we need. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00128-00071605-00071844 I´d reconstruct the space behind. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00129-00071844-00072125 A million crowns? 0UqIr4PZIHy-00130-00072125-00072237 Yeah. 0UqIr4PZIHy-00131-00072237-00072882 You´re right. A million crowns would go in no time. 0Zt308vrsFk-00000-00000231-00000903 hey everybody welcome to my channel today we are going to tie a realistic sculpin pattern this was 0Zt308vrsFk-00001-00000903-00001440 the first one i ever did almost looks like an owl i've got the i've got the eyes pretty close 0Zt308vrsFk-00002-00001440-00002016 together that dark spot on the back of its head is because this thing is designed to ride upside down 0Zt308vrsFk-00003-00002104-00002704 so that it doesn't snag on the bottom because sculpin exists on or near the bottom 0Zt308vrsFk-00004-00002768-00003247 and i'll show you near the end of the video how i accomplished that with the making it right upside 0Zt308vrsFk-00005-00003247-00004112 down anyway i'm using 140 denier it's the perfect size thread for a sturdy streamer and that is a 0Zt308vrsFk-00006-00004112-00004728 size 2 streamer hook i don't know i think it's umpqua i have so many hooks i just grabbed one 0Zt308vrsFk-00007-00004848-00005360 um i'm going to make this very heavy this fly so this is .035 0Zt308vrsFk-00008-00005360-00005784 lead-free wire and i pull off a big piece and i'll show you why 0Zt308vrsFk-00009-00005968-00006680 by the way i did a just a regular bait fish video a couple weeks ago using this same method 0Zt308vrsFk-00010-00006680-00007144 of the dubbing body that we're going to use i will put the link down in the description if 0Zt308vrsFk-00011-00007144-00007656 you want to check it out it's a pretty cool video also i basically use this same method 0Zt308vrsFk-00012-00007959-00008656 anyway i put down a thread base to try to get this this is very thick this lead-free 0Zt308vrsFk-00013-00008656-00008944 wiring it wants to spin a lot so it takes me a minute to kind of get it 0Zt308vrsFk-00014-00009064-00009632 to kind of get it straight kind of get it going then after four or five wraps i'm finally able 0Zt308vrsFk-00015-00009632-00010296 just to wrap it up now i'm not wrapping the entire body i'm just wrapping from the halfway point up 0Zt308vrsFk-00016-00010480-00010816 and then if you have needle nose or crimpers you can use it to 0Zt308vrsFk-00017-00011072-00011384 kind of secure it in the back makes it a little easier to wrap 0Zt308vrsFk-00018-00011552-00012216 at some point here it stops spinning there we go now i'm able to just wrap it anyway so when 0Zt308vrsFk-00019-00012216-00012952 i get up to the front i want this to be head heavy so i kind of wrapped the wire over itself 0Zt308vrsFk-00020-00013632-00014112 yeah this is definitely a heavier fly i mean if you've ever been standing in a river lake and 0Zt308vrsFk-00021-00014112-00014496 seeing sculpt and they're always just sitting on the bottom right they're definitely bottom 0Zt308vrsFk-00022-00014496-00015088 dwellers oh i poked my finger with the hook right there look at that be careful a lot 0Zt308vrsFk-00023-00015088-00015663 of times when i tie streamers i bury the hook point in the vise but i didn't this time now 0Zt308vrsFk-00024-00015728-00016304 if you ever see a sculpin they have kind of flat heads like a toad they look kind of like a toad 0Zt308vrsFk-00025-00016376-00016952 so one thing that helps with that is because you have so much wire on the front you can squish down 0Zt308vrsFk-00026-00016952-00017752 if you feel like it you can squish down the lead-free wire that does help 0Zt308vrsFk-00027-00017752-00018448 achieve that kind of towed looking head anyway and then at some point here i take my zapper gap 0Zt308vrsFk-00028-00018608-00019112 and i just put a little zappy gap on it because that'll help secure that wire on there 0Zt308vrsFk-00029-00019304-00019800 i use zappygap for everything it's when you're doing big streamers that you want them to be real 0Zt308vrsFk-00030-00020008-00020856 secure it's just it's nice to use super glue or zap a gap anyway then i start to cover the 0Zt308vrsFk-00031-00020856-00021552 hook the hook the wire it doesn't have to be exactly covered completely covered because 0Zt308vrsFk-00032-00021552-00022584 it's going to be a dubbing body but anyway i'll just spend a second here to cover up most of it 0Zt308vrsFk-00033-00023120-00023472 by the way on the first one i took the wire too close to the hook eye it was 0Zt308vrsFk-00034-00023472-00023904 really hard to tie it off so this this time i left a little bit of space at the front 0Zt308vrsFk-00035-00023904-00024488 just enough to kind of tie it off we're going to use duct feathers to make the tail i trimmed them 0Zt308vrsFk-00036-00024544-00025096 i peeled back enough fibers to make them the shape i want and so they're not too big 0Zt308vrsFk-00037-00025152-00025496 then you just hold them on the side do your best to get them on there fairly straight 0Zt308vrsFk-00038-00025760-00026392 if you do two or three loose wraps and then start to tighten it it's easier that way now 0Zt308vrsFk-00039-00026568-00027216 we're going to use a dubbing loop to do to dub the body i've got my dubbing tool here 0Zt308vrsFk-00040-00027383-00027824 and just eyeball it it depends on how long this is going to go to 0Zt308vrsFk-00041-00027824-00028336 the three-quarter mark up the hook so i make it a fairly long a fairly long one 0Zt308vrsFk-00042-00029216-00029824 anyway i apologize the video on this clip cut off a little bit so you don't really get to see me 0Zt308vrsFk-00043-00029824-00030488 spin the dubbing in the loop but basically you just i'm using olive and brown here by the way 0Zt308vrsFk-00044-00030488-00030944 you can use whatever dubbing you want i like the senu's late seno's laser dub it has kind of the 0Zt308vrsFk-00045-00030944-00031527 glitter in it can make it look like there's water bubbles or air bubbles around the fish i you you 0Zt308vrsFk-00046-00031527-00032352 basically put in a decent amount of dubbing and then you spin spin spin and then you anyway you'll 0Zt308vrsFk-00047-00032352-00032824 see me i do another dubbing loop at the end you'll see if you've never done a dubbing loop you'll 0Zt308vrsFk-00048-00032824-00033384 see how i do it when i put on the head of this fly anyway you're using two more duck feathers 0Zt308vrsFk-00049-00033592-00034008 you're using two more duck feathers to make the pectoral fins and since this 0Zt308vrsFk-00050-00034008-00034520 fly is going to ride upside down pectoral fins on a sculpin pattern 0Zt308vrsFk-00051-00034584-00035256 point down so that'll be down when the fly is flipped upside down see what i mean so and then 0Zt308vrsFk-00052-00035256-00035688 if you leave yourself enough stem you can kind of pull the feather to make it the length you want 0Zt308vrsFk-00053-00036032-00036496 and then you'll get to see me you'll get to see me do another dubbing loop for the head 0Zt308vrsFk-00054-00036496-00037144 you basically spin spin the heck out of it attach your hackle pliers to the bottom of it take it 0Zt308vrsFk-00055-00037144-00037984 off the dubbing tool and then just wrap it up to the point you want it and tie it off but anyway 0Zt308vrsFk-00056-00038176-00038552 i kind of have to mess with this a minute to get them they don't have to be perfect 0Zt308vrsFk-00057-00038552-00038856 that looks pretty good right there i probably should have just left it like that but i think 0Zt308vrsFk-00058-00038856-00039400 i messed with it for another minute or so but i finally got it to where they're really pointing 0Zt308vrsFk-00059-00039400-00040032 down and that's pretty cool trim it off now i'm going to make another dubbing loop 0Zt308vrsFk-00060-00040264-00040624 by the way i'm kind of proud of this fly this is going to be a really fun flight of fish 0Zt308vrsFk-00061-00040712-00041080 i just wanted to you know fish it and 0Zt308vrsFk-00062-00041080-00041552 kind of calmer areas of the river and just have it bounce off the bottom it could be a killer 0Zt308vrsFk-00063-00041552-00042184 i think it's going to work really well anyway we make another dubbing loop 0Zt308vrsFk-00064-00042424-00042752 this dubbing loop does not have to be long because we're only going about 0Zt308vrsFk-00065-00042752-00043192 a half an inch or an inch or something whatever it is 0Zt308vrsFk-00066-00043568-00043968 notice all the alcohol on the left side of the screen it is the holidays 0Zt308vrsFk-00067-00044200-00044552 beer smearing off anyway for the head of this fly 0Zt308vrsFk-00068-00044624-00045096 i am just i'm putting a really good amount of just the seniors olive laser dub 0Zt308vrsFk-00069-00045176-00045608 just gonna spin the heck out of it and this is what you didn't get to see me do with the body but 0Zt308vrsFk-00070-00045608-00046384 a lot of if you're watching this video you probably already know how to do a dubbing loop 0Zt308vrsFk-00071-00046592-00047032 i spin it for a long time and when you have thicker thread like 140 denier you're not 0Zt308vrsFk-00072-00047032-00047608 going to break i've never broken the thread spinning it a lot so then you take your hackle 0Zt308vrsFk-00073-00047608-00048344 pliers just clip it at the bottom take off the dubbing tool i really put a lot on but 0Zt308vrsFk-00074-00048344-00048864 that's what you want this is a big fat sculpin because you want enough dubbing where you can 0Zt308vrsFk-00075-00048864-00049288 make the head flat and i'll show you how i do that in a second then you just tie it off 0Zt308vrsFk-00076-00049584-00050112 starting to look pretty cool starting to look almost like something to catch a fish okay 0Zt308vrsFk-00077-00050320-00051040 and just trim off the old dubbing loop now i'm going to whip finish it and then we're going 0Zt308vrsFk-00078-00051040-00051696 to go ahead and try to make that head that toad shape i was telling you about and i'll show you 0Zt308vrsFk-00079-00051696-00052455 my little trick i just thought of this um with making the head heavy um on one side 0Zt308vrsFk-00080-00052720-00053064 i have a little tool here i always make sure you can still get your tippet through the eye 0Zt308vrsFk-00081-00053144-00053888 trim it off and then you if you just use your fingers just flatten out the head the 0Zt308vrsFk-00082-00053888-00054352 best you can you you don't need need to use crimpers like i do here this didn't really 0Zt308vrsFk-00083-00054352-00054728 well first i trim it a little you want the body to be fatter at the 0Zt308vrsFk-00084-00054728-00055184 head so i kind of trim off the body just a little careful not to cut off the wings 0Zt308vrsFk-00085-00055255-00055864 or the fins but uh i didn't really need to use these right here it was kind of stupid but 0Zt308vrsFk-00086-00056024-00056608 it's much easier just to use your thumb and just really press that down okay get it into 0Zt308vrsFk-00087-00056608-00057032 that toad shape and you know if anyone's who's seen a sculpin knows what i'm talking about 0Zt308vrsFk-00088-00057104-00057984 now to make this thing right upside down i need to make the top of the fly heavy the way i do 0Zt308vrsFk-00089-00057984-00058824 that is i just put a butt load of this uv resin on here and if you've ever used uv resin you know 0Zt308vrsFk-00090-00058824-00059304 it can make the fly very heavy in this if you put a lot on so i just cover the whole top now what's 0Zt308vrsFk-00091-00059304-00059864 great about this besides making that the bottom of the fly or the top however you want to think of it 0Zt308vrsFk-00092-00059928-00060432 besides making it heavy it's going to reinforce that because that's it's going to ride upside down 0Zt308vrsFk-00093-00060432-00060991 and that's going to be bouncing off the bottom so it's kind of nice to have all that resin on there 0Zt308vrsFk-00094-00061104-00061536 now you didn't see on the video but i put a second coat to make it really heavy and 0Zt308vrsFk-00095-00061536-00062288 strong and if you'll notice it leaves a dark spot on the head which actually looks cool to me but i 0Zt308vrsFk-00096-00062288-00063024 put quite a bit quite a bit on there and trust me you'll see if you do it if you do this it really 0Zt308vrsFk-00097-00063024-00063728 it's definitely going to ride the correct way i did some tests and yeah that works really well 0Zt308vrsFk-00098-00063728-00064208 so then i turn it over because the eyeballs are going to go on this side on the hook point side 0Zt308vrsFk-00099-00064416-00064816 you want to do your best these these are fairly small eyes 0Zt308vrsFk-00100-00064960-00065296 it's a little tricky putting the eyes on when they're really small like this you want to make 0Zt308vrsFk-00101-00065296-00065824 sure you don't glue your fingers to the eye and i'll show you how i do it i basically 0Zt308vrsFk-00102-00065936-00066328 take some zapper gap i put a tiny drop in the spot where i want the eye 0Zt308vrsFk-00103-00066568-00067112 and then i you on my bodkin that you can't see it i have one of the eyes sticking to the bodkin 0Zt308vrsFk-00104-00067112-00067496 okay it's not that hard to get the eye to stick to it because they have the 0Zt308vrsFk-00105-00067496-00067832 sticky back then you just do your best to place it right on the drop 0Zt308vrsFk-00106-00068032-00068552 just kind of slide it off with your finger try not to glue your finger we've all done that i'm 0Zt308vrsFk-00107-00068552-00069240 sure so there's one eye looks pretty cool right it's getting that toad look i really love this 0Zt308vrsFk-00108-00069240-00069760 fly i really do um so then i do it again now after you'll see after these eyes are on they could have 0Zt308vrsFk-00109-00069760-00070200 been spread out a little more more on the sides i'm looking at this picture right now of this 0Zt308vrsFk-00110-00070200-00070624 scope and they're more on the sides but you know i don't i don't think the fish are going to go oh 0Zt308vrsFk-00111-00070624-00071288 god this sculpin looks cross-eyed i'm not going to eat it i i don't think it matters but if for the 0Zt308vrsFk-00112-00071368-00071888 the name of this is realistic sculpin so i should have had the eyes really over to the side more 0Zt308vrsFk-00113-00072168-00072568 i've got these laying kind of on top but it still comes out pretty neat 0Zt308vrsFk-00114-00072704-00073064 so there's the eyes just kind of press it down with your finger 0Zt308vrsFk-00115-00073064-00073648 make sure it's on there really adds a lot to though doesn't it having those eyes on there 0Zt308vrsFk-00116-00073648-00074360 now there's only one more step to securing the eyes you don't really want to just glue it on 0Zt308vrsFk-00117-00074360-00074960 there because you don't want them to come off so you take your uv resin just put a little bit 0Zt308vrsFk-00118-00075192-00075584 just put a little bit now if you don't have uv resin just drop some super glue on i think 0Zt308vrsFk-00119-00075584-00076088 that would work too just drop it on the eye and have it fall off to the sides onto the material 0Zt308vrsFk-00120-00076328-00076824 and then you just use your flashlight to secure it for 10 to 20 seconds 0Zt308vrsFk-00121-00077072-00077624 and that should be that should be pretty good so there's your realistic 0Zt308vrsFk-00122-00077624-00078192 sculpin pattern i hope you enjoyed the video i really really loved tying this 0Zt308vrsFk-00123-00078264-00079880 i'll see you with the next video and good luck tying this type of pattern thanks 0ceptdEPMu8-00000-00000002-00000601 Hello Guys! Welcome To CAMBO ST 0ceptdEPMu8-00001-00000613-00000773 Today's Video I'm going to show you about 0ceptdEPMu8-00002-00000775-00000975 How to play granger step by step 0ceptdEPMu8-00003-00000975-00001396 So don't waste any time Let's get in to the video 0ceptdEPMu8-00004-00002323-00002815 Okay now I want to tell you about 1st skill first 0fQw9oz4XpY-00000-00000100-00000281 First Missionary Baptist Church Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day March 2023 0gcOv-1aNU8-00000-00000000-00000627 This video will help you change a 0gcOv-1aNU8-00001-00000627-00000980 responsible person in the Charity Portal. 0gcOv-1aNU8-00002-00000980-00001221 For ACNC purposes, the term 'responsible 0gcOv-1aNU8-00003-00001221-00001449 person' means a member of the charity's governing body. 0gcOv-1aNU8-00004-00001449-00001802 For most charities, this is likely to be the 0gcOv-1aNU8-00005-00001802-00002085 directors, committee or board members, 0gcOv-1aNU8-00006-00002085-00002261 or trustees. 0gcOv-1aNU8-00007-00002261-00003068 Once you have logged into the Portal, you 0gcOv-1aNU8-00008-00003068-00003290 can change a responsible person by 0gcOv-1aNU8-00009-00003290-00003422 clicking on the 'change responsible 0gcOv-1aNU8-00010-00003422-00003651 person' button on the left hand side of 0gcOv-1aNU8-00011-00003651-00004410 the screen. This page here will display the name and 0gcOv-1aNU8-00012-00004410-00004626 positions of all the current responsible 0gcOv-1aNU8-00013-00004626-00004973 persons listed for your charity. These details 0gcOv-1aNU8-00014-00004973-00005178 will also be listed on the public 0gcOv-1aNU8-00015-00005178-00005762 Charity Register. On this page, you can either 0gcOv-1aNU8-00016-00005762-00005996 remove a responsible person if they are no 0gcOv-1aNU8-00017-00005996-00006150 longer part of the charity's governing 0gcOv-1aNU8-00018-00006150-00006398 body, or edit the position of an existing 0gcOv-1aNU8-00019-00006398-00006659 responsible person if they are taken on a 0gcOv-1aNU8-00020-00006659-00006756 new role. 0gcOv-1aNU8-00021-00006756-00007017 Simply click on the links here and then 0gcOv-1aNU8-00022-00007017-00007689 follow the prompts. 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I hope this has 0gcOv-1aNU8-00067-00023605-00024231 been useful and thanks for watching. 0hnNvdUN5wk-00000-00000000-00000699 Coffee and snacks shop Walkthrough 0hnNvdUN5wk-00001-00002444-00003669 Coffee shop 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00000-00000000-00000205 Hoplà Goat & Roll my hen 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00001-00000208-00000428 Hoplà Goat & Roll my hen 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00002-00002094-00002378 Hello Alsace Wheelers. We're currently in the forest of haguenau. 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00003-00002378-00002780 W're going in direction of Bouxwiller, then Hochfelden 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00004-00002780-00002936 And we'll come back by Brumath 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00005-00002936-00003138 And we'll end up coming back to Haguenau 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00006-00003138-00003456 Today we're 8 wheelers with big autonomy 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00007-00003458-00003654 It's realy the big road trip of the year 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00008-00003654-00003935 and we're lucky to have with us two new recruits 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00009-00003936-00004096 Oliver and Jerome 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00010-00004096-00004450 Ahhhhh, finally the first ride with the Alsace wheelers. More than 20 kilometers, Youhouuu 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00011-00004616-00004723 It was time 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00012-00004824-00005016 For you too this is your first road trip 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00013-00005016-00005354 Eh well listening, yeah. It's the first road trip. We'll see how it goes 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00014-00005358-00005653 the weather is nice and the temperature is almost ideal 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00015-00005653-00005894 We're quails a little bit but it'll be cool 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00016-00006542-00006768 so here I can only say that I'm happy 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00017-00006770-00006895 Hoplà Goat & Roll my hen 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00018-00015854-00016018 Oh hinds out there, look 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00019-00017292-00017470 it gallops at 9 meters seconds hinds, so now you'll know 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00020-00020644-00020874 Hoplà Goat 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00021-00022068-00022584 Look at this, It has more letters on panel than habitants in the village 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00022-00022584-00022712 Got ferdom mi (Alsatian Usual expressions) 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00023-00022712-00023180 So, we have just finished the 70 kilometer hike and everyone will give their opinion 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00024-00023180-00023334 and what he feels about this walk 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00025-00023390-00023508 it was pleasurable 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00026-00023682-00023914 Who doesn't recharge his wheel, run next to him 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00027-00023998-00024268 The first 70 kilometer on gt16. It was great 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00028-00024268-00024482 very nice day today, a little cold 0j6sKGEB3Zc-00029-00024484-00024792 see you soon Alsace wheelers 0k6tTvpxPF0-00000-00001552-00002072 Hi! My name is Neeca and I am a virtual assistant from the Philippines. I've 0k6tTvpxPF0-00001-00002072-00002688 worked in an outsourcing company after I graduated college. Just like most jobs in the Philippines, 0k6tTvpxPF0-00002-00002688-00003544 I was working Monday to Friday, 8 a.m to 5 p.m but the salary wasn't that great. I was earning 200 0k6tTvpxPF0-00003-00003544-00004208 per month but it was okay in the beginning. But let's face it I was living paycheck to paycheck 0k6tTvpxPF0-00004-00004208-00004880 and I came to the point where I'm burnt out and I am not happy anymore. I decided to quit and get 0k6tTvpxPF0-00005-00004880-00005472 a job online where I noticed that I could get a higher salary and I could work at the comfort of 0k6tTvpxPF0-00006-00005472-00006168 my home. I checked onlinejobs. ph. This is one of the most famous sites where you could look 0k6tTvpxPF0-00007-00006168-00007080 for a remote job and then I saw Jen's job posting. Jen's job posting says email marketing, leadpages, 0k6tTvpxPF0-00008-00007080-00007840 webinars, and then I think to myself, "I got the skill set." So I was confident and then I applied 0k6tTvpxPF0-00009-00007840-00008520 and here comes the interview and that was when I met the Jen Lehner. And luckily, I was hired 0k6tTvpxPF0-00010-00008520-00009352 and I couldn't be happier. I can still remember my first day, it was January 8, 2016. I work as a 0k6tTvpxPF0-00011-00009352-00010104 general virtual assistant so I manage her Facebook groups, manage her website, I create newsletters, 0k6tTvpxPF0-00012-00010104-00010712 and all the general admin tasks. There are a lot of benefits from working from home but here are my 0k6tTvpxPF0-00013-00010712-00011432 favorites. First, less commute stress. I really hate wasting time in traffic and it causes me 0k6tTvpxPF0-00014-00011432-00012224 so much frustration. Second, saving money. I got to spend less on gas, food, and clothing. Third, 0k6tTvpxPF0-00015-00012224-00012880 flexibility, time freedom. I got to manage my own schedule. There is no time in and time out. 0k6tTvpxPF0-00016-00012952-00013576 Fourth, work life balance. I get to spend more time with my family, eat with them during lunch 0k6tTvpxPF0-00017-00013576-00014216 time and dinner. And also I get to spend time with friends and relatives during the weekend and most 0k6tTvpxPF0-00018-00014216-00014912 importantly I have now time to exercise now that I'm earning more than an average office employee 0k6tTvpxPF0-00019-00014912-00015568 here in the Philippines. I can now help my family. I can treat them once in a while and also 0k6tTvpxPF0-00020-00015568-00016224 contribute to the utilities expense at home. It is the best feeling ever that you can now give back 0k6tTvpxPF0-00021-00016224-00016856 to all the sacrifices that your parents have done for you. We got to travel to some places that we 0k6tTvpxPF0-00022-00016856-00017592 haven't been to. It is my goal and it is now goal achieve. While working online I'm achieving my 0k6tTvpxPF0-00023-00017592-00018312 goals one step at a time. Working with Jen doesn't really feel like employer-employee relationship. 0k6tTvpxPF0-00024-00018312-00018984 It is not purely do what I told you to do. She is also helping me to be creative which is something 0k6tTvpxPF0-00025-00018984-00019568 that I really like. It gives me a challenge to think outside of the box, to think what is best 0k6tTvpxPF0-00026-00019568-00020288 for our clients, and to do more for our projects. I got the sense of responsibility to make sure 0k6tTvpxPF0-00027-00020288-00020960 that we are over delivering and I feel so happy that our clients also appreciate me so much. 0k6tTvpxPF0-00028-00021016-00021520 They are the best and that is all possible because of Jen's awesome leadership. She is 0k6tTvpxPF0-00029-00021520-00022208 very appreciative and she acknowledges all my work whether small or big. As cliche as it may sound, 0k6tTvpxPF0-00030-00022208-00022784 going to work doesn't feel like work because of my wonderful team. I love being a virtual assistant 0k6tTvpxPF0-00031-00022784-00023392 and I love helping my clients offload their tasks so they could focus on their genius. I'm 0k6tTvpxPF0-00032-00023392-00024024 happy doing the sales page, the automation, the social media graphics while my client is doing 0k6tTvpxPF0-00033-00024024-00024600 the things that move the business forward, could it be a sales webinar or one-on-one coaching. 0k6tTvpxPF0-00034-00024672-00025288 And I can still see myself with this job for a very long time. So if you are thinking about 0k6tTvpxPF0-00035-00025288-00025912 hiring a Filipino VA, know that it could be one of the best decisions you will ever make as long 0k6tTvpxPF0-00036-00025912-00026480 as you do the right thing from the very beginning and we have a lot of videos that can help you with 0k6tTvpxPF0-00037-00026480-00027168 that. We will add the link below we also have a free three-day live workshop happening soon 0k6tTvpxPF0-00038-00027168-00027752 where we will help you find and train your perfect match virtual assistant. I hope you 0k6tTvpxPF0-00039-00027752-00029448 find this video helpful and if you want more VA life stories please let us know in the comments. 0kt4Z65vnM0-00000-00000894-00001279 hi everyone today we are sharing how to make these 0kt4Z65vnM0-00001-00001279-00001927 DIY decorative Halloween mason jars the supplies you will need for this project 0kt4Z65vnM0-00002-00001927-00002314 are three mason jars 0kt4Z65vnM0-00003-00002711-00004505 orange white and black ribbon red orange white and black paint a small paintbrush 0kt4Z65vnM0-00004-00004505-00005090 for detail and a larger paintbrush for painting the mason jars now the first 0kt4Z65vnM0-00005-00005090-00005462 thing we're going to do is we'll have to paint the mason jars this might take a 0kt4Z65vnM0-00006-00005462-00005954 few coats to make sure the colors stand out one of the mason jars is going to be 0kt4Z65vnM0-00007-00005954-00006418 orange and paint that completely orange 0kt4Z65vnM0-00008-00006998-00007628 the other one is going to be white this one's going to be our ghost 0kt4Z65vnM0-00009-00008246-00008611 can also tilt it upside down like that to make sure you can get the whole jar 0kt4Z65vnM0-00010-00008611-00009239 and the last one is going to be black for our vampire next we'll be painting 0kt4Z65vnM0-00011-00009239-00009671 faces on the jars to paint the pumpkin face you will need the black paint and 0kt4Z65vnM0-00012-00009671-00010235 the small paintbrush as this for the small detail and then put the 0kt4Z65vnM0-00013-00010235-00010717 traditional triangle eyes and jagged mouth but feel free to use any style for 0kt4Z65vnM0-00014-00010717-00011228 your pumpkin face morning you will have to get in between the dents of the mason 0kt4Z65vnM0-00015-00011228-00011639 jar this is where the writing is on the jar so just make sure you're careful 0kt4Z65vnM0-00016-00011639-00011884 here 0kt4Z65vnM0-00019-00022527-00023076 I then grab the orange paint and went back in to touch up around the eyes and 0kt4Z65vnM0-00020-00023076-00023466 around the mouth just make sure everything looked the way I wanted it to 0kt4Z65vnM0-00021-00023466-00025095 look the next jar is the ghost this one will be a little easier to paint you 0kt4Z65vnM0-00022-00025095-00025521 just need to paint two round eyes and the mouth again you can paint this any 0kt4Z65vnM0-00023-00025521-00025787 way you like 0kt4Z65vnM0-00025-00029486-00030027 last we'll be painting the vampire face for this jar I used red paint to 0kt4Z65vnM0-00026-00030027-00030711 make half circle eyes at an angle you might also need to do a few coats of 0kt4Z65vnM0-00027-00030711-00031089 those as it didn't come out very well the first time so just wait for the 0kt4Z65vnM0-00028-00031089-00031897 paint to dry and then add another coat 0kt4Z65vnM0-00030-00036807-00037450 now for the mouth I used white paint to draw the mouth this video cut out here 0kt4Z65vnM0-00031-00037450-00038211 but you will want to draw a mouth line trying to make it as even as possible 0kt4Z65vnM0-00032-00039885-00040126 then you're going to want to add the fags 0kt4Z65vnM0-00033-00040126-00040597 I had trouble making these even so I had to go over them a few times you can also 0kt4Z65vnM0-00034-00040597-00041094 use the black paint to go back in and fix them once they're dry 0kt4Z65vnM0-00036-00043345-00043835 now we're going to add the ribbon to each jar wrap the ribbon twice around 0kt4Z65vnM0-00037-00043835-00044498 and tie with a bow in the front I used orange on the pumpkin jar but 0kt4Z65vnM0-00038-00044498-00045359 feel free to go use green to represent the stem I did 0kt4Z65vnM0-00039-00045359-00045811 the same thing with the ghost jar using black order 0kt4Z65vnM0-00040-00047960-00048585 and then finally with the vampire jar I used white ribbon but also feel free to 0kt4Z65vnM0-00041-00048585-00049061 use any other color or maybe red to match the eyes 0kt4Z65vnM0-00042-00050353-00050884 and you're done we hope you enjoyed this craft if you did please 0kt4Z65vnM0-00043-00050884-00051286 like this post and subscribe to CollegeXpress if you recreate this craft share 0kt4Z65vnM0-00044-00051286-00051882 it to us on social @CollegeXpress and happy Halloween 11FEn0wpBYy-00000-00000762-00001332 Idaho Murder Suspect, Bryan Christopher Kohberger, was recently taken into custody 11FEn0wpBYy-00001-00001332-00001770 after police suspect he may have been involved in the now-infamous University 11FEn0wpBYy-00002-00001770-00002262 of Idaho killings. Investigators say that Bryan Kohberger, 28-years-old, 11FEn0wpBYy-00003-00002262-00002760 may have snuck into the home of several college students and murdered four of them as 11FEn0wpBYy-00004-00002760-00003276 they slept. The details of the case against Christopher Kohberger are still unfolding, 11FEn0wpBYy-00005-00003276-00003684 so it’s important to keep in mind that all of the statements and claims in this video 11FEn0wpBYy-00006-00003684-00004206 are purely allegations until the court proceedings are carried out - a process 11FEn0wpBYy-00007-00004206-00004740 that could take many months or even years. But for now, things are not looking good for 11FEn0wpBYy-00008-00004740-00005232 Mr. Kohberger or the countless people who were deeply affected by the Idaho murders. 11FEn0wpBYy-00009-00006162-00006600 Welcome back to the show. I’m your host, Ty Notts. Here on True Crime Stories, 11FEn0wpBYy-00010-00006600-00006918 I do my best to cover cold cases - many of which you’ve never heard 11FEn0wpBYy-00011-00006918-00007320 of - and share the stories of some of the world’s most disturbing killers. 11FEn0wpBYy-00012-00007320-00007848 But more importantly, it’s my goal to share the stories of the victims and their families and 11FEn0wpBYy-00013-00007848-00008322 their search for closure after being subjected to some of the most heinous crimes imaginable. 11FEn0wpBYy-00014-00008376-00008712 So if you’d like to support my work here on True Crime Stories, 11FEn0wpBYy-00015-00008712-00009054 all I ask is that you hit the like button and subscribe. It’s totally 11FEn0wpBYy-00016-00009054-00009516 free and helps spread awareness of these cases. But with that, let’s get started. 11FEn0wpBYy-00017-00009516-00009834 Who is Bryan Kohberger? 11FEn0wpBYy-00018-00009834-00010524 So who is Bryan Kohberger and what did he do? Details about Bryan Kohberger and his interesting, 11FEn0wpBYy-00019-00010524-00011070 yet troublesome life are still unfolding. But Kohberger is a criminal justice graduate 11FEn0wpBYy-00020-00011070-00011544 who attended Washington State university while working towards his doctorate degree. 11FEn0wpBYy-00021-00011544-00012192 Back in 2018, Kohberger had attended Northampton Community College in Pennsylvania and was given 11FEn0wpBYy-00022-00012192-00012636 an associates degree in psychology. He would later receive a bachelor’s degree 11FEn0wpBYy-00023-00012636-00013104 in 2020 and had finally completed his studies back in June of 2022. 11FEn0wpBYy-00024-00013158-00013590 While he’d initially gone to school for psychology, by the time he graduated, 11FEn0wpBYy-00025-00013590-00014130 he had achieved a Master of Arts in Criminal Justice. We’ll touch more on this later, because 11FEn0wpBYy-00026-00014130-00014663 the details of his graduation are extremely suspicious, and new allegations have come to light 11FEn0wpBYy-00027-00014663-00015594 that suggest he may have been studying the BTK Killer alongside a professor at his college - so 11FEn0wpBYy-00028-00015594-00016032 stick around, because you won’t want to miss this disturbing development in the Kohberger’s case. 11FEn0wpBYy-00029-00016116-00016500 One of the most important aspects of cases like this - at least for 11FEn0wpBYy-00030-00016500-00016866 me, personally - is understanding how criminals like this could become such 11FEn0wpBYy-00031-00016866-00017316 heartless monsters and kill innocent people for, seemingly, no reason at all. 11FEn0wpBYy-00032-00017370-00017892 To better answer this question and understand how Bryan Kohberger ended up becoming a serial killer, 11FEn0wpBYy-00033-00017892-00018450 it’s important to look back to his teenage years or even his childhood to paint a clearer picture. 11FEn0wpBYy-00034-00018450-00018912 Unfortunately, at the time of making this video, the details of Kohberger’s childhood 11FEn0wpBYy-00035-00018912-00019482 aren’t well understood, but a former classmate from Kohberger’s high school did reach out to 11FEn0wpBYy-00036-00019482-00019926 ABC News and shared several horror stories about their time in high school together, 11FEn0wpBYy-00037-00019926-00020310 as did a few other classmates who knew him in his teenage years. 11FEn0wpBYy-00038-00020310-00020988 Bryan Kohberger was never a very popular kid in school. His peers say that he was picked on a lot, 11FEn0wpBYy-00039-00020988-00021486 particularly by the girls in his class. He was known for being overweight throughout 11FEn0wpBYy-00040-00021486-00021960 his childhood, but Kohberger didn’t help his negative reputation when he began to 11FEn0wpBYy-00041-00021960-00022608 bully other students the same way that he’d been bullied all his life. One former classmate spoke 11FEn0wpBYy-00042-00022608-00023082 about Kohberger and couldn’t recall one good memory of their time together in high school. 11FEn0wpBYy-00043-00023154-00023622 Kohberger had attended Pleasant Valley High School, located in Brodheadsville, Pennsylvania. 11FEn0wpBYy-00044-00023724-00024168 Brodheadsville is one of the smallest areas in Pennsylvania, in terms of population. 11FEn0wpBYy-00045-00024264-00024870 As of a 2010 census, the area was home to around 1,800 people, but it was the proud home 11FEn0wpBYy-00046-00024870-00025428 of the entire Pleasant Valley School District. Brodheadsville only has a total area of around 11FEn0wpBYy-00047-00025428-00026244 4.3 square miles, meaning it is truly tiny on the grander scale of things. Just 461 families 11FEn0wpBYy-00048-00026244-00026814 call Brodheadsville home, with the population being over 90% caucasian. Most of the families 11FEn0wpBYy-00049-00026814-00027522 who lived here were middle aged and of an average household income of about $45,000 - so it wasn’t a 11FEn0wpBYy-00050-00027522-00028002 particularly wealthy area, but the community did well for itself, all things considered. 11FEn0wpBYy-00051-00028062-00028572 Crime was never a big deal in Brodheadsville either, and everyone knew everyone for the 11FEn0wpBYy-00052-00028572-00029118 most part. It was truly a quiet, close-knit community that never really had any major 11FEn0wpBYy-00053-00029118-00029668 issues - certainly not a place that you’d expect to be the hometown of a future serial killer. 11FEn0wpBYy-00054-00029668-00029712 Creating a Killer 11FEn0wpBYy-00055-00030042-00030498 A former high school classmate of Kohberger spoke out about her time in high school 11FEn0wpBYy-00056-00030498-00030995 with him. She says that his weight was always the reason people made fun of him in school, 11FEn0wpBYy-00057-00030995-00031470 but many people steered clear of him because he was generally just a mean person. 11FEn0wpBYy-00058-00031542-00032052 She mentioned how, throughout his teen years, his weight was always the source of his ridicule, 11FEn0wpBYy-00059-00032052-00032532 but he did his best to change that in his senior year. During the summer between 11FEn0wpBYy-00060-00032532-00033084 his junior and senior year, he lost a serious amount of weight. When he returned to school, 11FEn0wpBYy-00061-00033084-00033624 most of his classmates didn’t even recognize him. One of his former classmates said that 11FEn0wpBYy-00062-00033624-00034224 she was wondering who this new student was, but then it dawned on her - it was Bryan Kohberger. 11FEn0wpBYy-00063-00034224-00034824 She said that, following his weight loss, his anger and aggression grew to new levels. She said 11FEn0wpBYy-00064-00034824-00035286 that he would often hit on girls in his class, but they were rarely ever interested in him. 11FEn0wpBYy-00065-00035346-00035790 Rather than accepting the rejection and moving on like any healthy person would, 11FEn0wpBYy-00066-00035790-00036402 Kohberger would dwell on the girls and continue to pester them, wondering why they turned him down. 11FEn0wpBYy-00067-00036474-00036720 It seems as though he really couldn’t understand 11FEn0wpBYy-00068-00036720-00037206 why certain people didn’t like him, and it was eating at him from the inside. 11FEn0wpBYy-00069-00037296-00037794 He was described as a bit of a loaner. He would hang out with other kids who were described as 11FEn0wpBYy-00070-00037794-00038346 “outcasts”, but any time he tried to make his way into other friend groups, he wouldn’t be 11FEn0wpBYy-00071-00038346-00038856 able to fit in. He always wanted to work his way up the proverbial ladder of popularity, 11FEn0wpBYy-00072-00038856-00039312 but no one was willing to put up with him - especially the females in those groups, 11FEn0wpBYy-00073-00039312-00039600 with some of the girls labeling him as a “creep”. 11FEn0wpBYy-00074-00039600-00040146 One student who went to school with Kohberger refused to classify him as either a friend or 11FEn0wpBYy-00075-00040146-00040704 a peer, but merely labeled him as a bully. This friend said that Kohberger would often 11FEn0wpBYy-00076-00040704-00041274 place him in headlocks, pinning him against walls and tormenting him. The friend suggested 11FEn0wpBYy-00077-00041274-00041868 that Kohberger wanted to do everything in his power to be seen as dominant by other students. 11FEn0wpBYy-00078-00041868-00042348 Another high school friend spoke out against Kohberger when the news came out of his arrest. 11FEn0wpBYy-00079-00042348-00042906 This friend also claims that Kohberger had serious anger issues and would often 11FEn0wpBYy-00080-00042906-00043476 use illegal drugs behind the scenes. This drug addiction would follow him into his college years, 11FEn0wpBYy-00081-00043476-00043920 leading many people to wonder if this addiction could have been how he was 11FEn0wpBYy-00082-00043920-00044298 able to lose so much weight in such a small amount of time in high school. 11FEn0wpBYy-00083-00044358-00044964 The list of people who despised Kohberger goes on and on - there legitimately isn’t enough time 11FEn0wpBYy-00084-00044964-00045444 to cover all of the scary stories that were shared about him. Needless to say, it doesn’t 11FEn0wpBYy-00085-00045444-00045942 seem like Kohberger’s arrest was a surprise to anyone - it was simply a matter of time. 11FEn0wpBYy-00086-00045942-00046554 If we move forward a few years, Kohberger had recently graduated from College with a PhD in 11FEn0wpBYy-00087-00046554-00047166 Criminal Justice. After obtaining this PhD, he began working at Washington State University as 11FEn0wpBYy-00088-00047166-00047754 a teacher's assistant during college courses. One of his former students spoke out about him and it 11FEn0wpBYy-00089-00047754-00048312 seems that Kohberger’s behavior and personality didn’t change much since high school. He was 11FEn0wpBYy-00090-00048312-00048870 still seen as a wannabe dominant figure who tried to hold students to impossible standards. 11FEn0wpBYy-00091-00048924-00049212 One student in particular, Hayden Stinchfield, 11FEn0wpBYy-00092-00049212-00049716 spoke about his time with Kohberger and said that he’d hold his students to what Kohberger 11FEn0wpBYy-00093-00049716-00050154 called a “higher standard” and would grade his students incredibly harshly, 11FEn0wpBYy-00094-00050154-00050748 seemingly bullying them for doing their best. Hayden says that it felt as though Kohberger was 11FEn0wpBYy-00095-00050748-00051366 grading his students as if he were grading himself as a PhD student, expecting them to be far more 11FEn0wpBYy-00096-00051366-00051816 knowledgeable than they could realistically be at this point in their college education. 11FEn0wpBYy-00097-00051882-00052398 The students who attended Kohberger’s class were so fed-up with their poor grades that, 11FEn0wpBYy-00098-00052398-00053070 at one point, a large majority of the 150-student class created an uprising and demanded that the 11FEn0wpBYy-00099-00053070-00053490 lead professor give them higher grades that what Kohberger initially gave them. 11FEn0wpBYy-00100-00053555-00053826 The professor scheduled a mock court session 11FEn0wpBYy-00101-00053826-00054317 and essentially placed Kohberger on trial for given students bad grades. 11FEn0wpBYy-00102-00054317-00054941 All 150 students were allowed to voice their concerns about Kohberger, and the majority felt he 11FEn0wpBYy-00103-00054941-00055536 was overly critical and didn’t judge them fairly. Only a small handful of students had positive 11FEn0wpBYy-00104-00055536-00056076 things to say about Kohberger, while the rest of them criticized him for being far too strict. 11FEn0wpBYy-00105-00056148-00056705 Hayden, who attended this mock court session, said that the class didn’t get out of hand. Everyone 11FEn0wpBYy-00106-00056705-00057246 had their story to tell, but no one resorted to yelling or making baseless emotional arguments. 11FEn0wpBYy-00107-00057246-00057791 All in all, the session was highly successful and it seems as though Kohberger took the students' 11FEn0wpBYy-00108-00057791-00058440 worries to heart. After the session was concluded, he began giving almost every student a high grade. 11FEn0wpBYy-00109-00058500-00058908 Hayden recalls the weeks after the session had taken place and said that, 11FEn0wpBYy-00110-00058908-00059291 at one point, it seemed like it didn’t really matter what kind of work you 11FEn0wpBYy-00111-00059291-00059652 turned in - you were virtually guaranteed to get a good grade. 11FEn0wpBYy-00112-00059717-00060420 But this was also around the same time that Bryan Kohberger’s demeanor changed entirely. Hayden says 11FEn0wpBYy-00113-00060420-00060917 that, shortly after this mock court session took place, Kohberger became more reserved, 11FEn0wpBYy-00114-00060917-00061374 more introverted. He says that, all of the sudden, Kohberger seemed pre-occupied 11FEn0wpBYy-00115-00061374-00061896 and far less invested in the class. He began to grow out his facial hair and, 11FEn0wpBYy-00116-00061896-00062322 in general, his hygiene took a turn. Hayden says that it didn’t look like 11FEn0wpBYy-00117-00062322-00062705 Kohberger was doing well and it felt as though he didn’t want to be there. 11FEn0wpBYy-00118-00062705-00062910 As his students would soon learn, 11FEn0wpBYy-00119-00062910-00063408 their uprising against him wasn’t the reason for this sudden change in behavior. 11FEn0wpBYy-00120-00063408-00063840 As it would turn out, Kohberger had been hiding an incredibly dark secret. 11FEn0wpBYy-00121-00063840-00064182 The Day of the Murders 11FEn0wpBYy-00122-00064182-00064938 It was November 12th, 2022. Between 8pm and 9pm that evening, several students had been 11FEn0wpBYy-00123-00064938-00065328 attending a party at a fraternity house on the campus of Idaho State University. 11FEn0wpBYy-00124-00065412-00065850 Later that evening, a couple of students left the party and headed toward The Corner Club 11FEn0wpBYy-00125-00065850-00066474 sports bar in Moscow, Idaho. By 1am, several of the students had called it a night and had 11FEn0wpBYy-00126-00066474-00066834 begun to head back to their dorm rooms or homes and go to bed for the evening. 11FEn0wpBYy-00127-00066900-00067488 By around 1:45 am, it’s believed that every student had returned home from their evening out. 11FEn0wpBYy-00128-00067488-00068010 It wouldn’t be until around noon the following day that many of the students would begin to wake up, 11FEn0wpBYy-00129-00068010-00068628 realizing that something was horribly wrong. Police say that they received a 911 call around 11FEn0wpBYy-00130-00068628-00069162 noon that day, reporting that an unconscious student who had passed out the night before 11FEn0wpBYy-00131-00069162-00069666 would not wake up. Police arrived at the scene within minutes, but it was quickly determined 11FEn0wpBYy-00132-00069666-00070170 that this student had not been the victim of too much alcohol. They’d been murdered. 11FEn0wpBYy-00133-00070170-00070632 Police closed off the scene of the crime and evacuated any nearby students. 11FEn0wpBYy-00134-00070632-00071040 It was at this point that they realized the crime had gone much further than they 11FEn0wpBYy-00135-00071040-00071478 could have ever expected. A total of four students were found unresponsive 11FEn0wpBYy-00136-00071478-00071826 at the scene of the crime - each of them had been murdered with a knife. 11FEn0wpBYy-00137-00071904-00072354 After a coroner had examined all of the forensic evidence left behind at the scene of the crime, 11FEn0wpBYy-00138-00072354-00072870 it was determined that the students were most likely killed in their sleep, but that some 11FEn0wpBYy-00139-00072870-00073296 victims had defensive wounds that may have suggested they’d woken up during the attack. 11FEn0wpBYy-00140-00073374-00073812 For the sake of the families of the victims, I’m not going to dive any further into the 11FEn0wpBYy-00141-00073812-00074304 details of the crimes, but it’s important to mention that each of these four students had 11FEn0wpBYy-00142-00074304-00074892 remarkably bright futures that were stolen and cut short at the hands of a savage monster. 11FEn0wpBYy-00143-00075036-00075486 Ethan Chapin, aged 20. Madison Mogen, 11FEn0wpBYy-00144-00075486-00076140 aged 21. Kaylee Gonclaves (gone salve ess), aged 21 and Xana Kernodle, aged 20. 11FEn0wpBYy-00145-00076140-00076680 Ethan Chapin was the boyfriend of Xana Kernodle. Ethan had been studying recreation, 11FEn0wpBYy-00146-00076680-00077262 sport and tourism management. His mother says he was living his best life at college and had 11FEn0wpBYy-00147-00077262-00077766 been having a great time during his studies. He loved being social with his friends and 11FEn0wpBYy-00148-00077766-00078258 wanted to dedicate the rest of his life to helping others have happy experiences and make memories, 11FEn0wpBYy-00149-00078258-00078654 hoping to find a job or create one in the recreation industry. 11FEn0wpBYy-00150-00078732-00079230 Madison Mogen was always seen as a smart and witty young girl. He was 11FEn0wpBYy-00151-00079230-00079572 known for having a go-getter attitude, and was destined for great things. 11FEn0wpBYy-00152-00079638-00080142 Madison was majoring in marketing and planned to move to Boise, Idaho after she graduated 11FEn0wpBYy-00153-00080142-00080748 in the Spring of 2023. She worked alongside her best friend, Xana Kernodle and helped her 11FEn0wpBYy-00154-00080748-00081192 operate and manage a local restaurant and keep up with the social media pages for the brand. 11FEn0wpBYy-00155-00081192-00081618 Kaylee Gonclaves had been majoring in general studies and had been 11FEn0wpBYy-00156-00081618-00082128 close friends with Madison Mogen since middle school. The two were often seen as sisters, 11FEn0wpBYy-00157-00082128-00082602 as they did everything together. Kaylee had recently purchased a Range Rover that she 11FEn0wpBYy-00158-00082602-00083136 was very proud of and had made plans to travel to Europe in 2023. She had 11FEn0wpBYy-00159-00083136-00083604 a job lined up after college and worked incredibly hard toward her future career. 11FEn0wpBYy-00160-00083700-00084168 Xana Kernodle was a junior who had been majoring in marketing. She was a very 11FEn0wpBYy-00161-00084168-00084600 easy-going, light-hearted person, but she was dedicated toward crafting the future 11FEn0wpBYy-00162-00084600-00085098 she’d always dreamed of. The girlfriend of Ethan Chapin, Xana was ready for whatever 11FEn0wpBYy-00163-00085098-00085620 the future may have had in store for her and was a vibrant student with big plans ahead. 11FEn0wpBYy-00164-00085620-00086016 Catching A Killer 11FEn0wpBYy-00165-00086016-00086616 After the heartbreaking murders had taken place, police announced in December of 2022 that they’d 11FEn0wpBYy-00166-00086616-00087054 narrowed down their suspect as the owner of a white Hyundai Elantra that was seen in 11FEn0wpBYy-00167-00087054-00087600 the area. Of the 22,000 people in the area who drove a vehicle that matched this description, 11FEn0wpBYy-00168-00087600-00088086 Bryan Kohberger was announced as the lead suspect after investigators say 11FEn0wpBYy-00169-00088086-00088422 that they found trace amounts of his DNA at the scene of the crime. 11FEn0wpBYy-00170-00088482-00088926 They traced Kohberger in his vehicle all the way back to his parents home in Pennsylvania. 11FEn0wpBYy-00171-00089022-00089472 Here, they staked out his parents house for several days while confirming that he 11FEn0wpBYy-00172-00089472-00090156 was their primary suspect, later moving in and placing him under arrest on December 30th, 2022. 11FEn0wpBYy-00173-00090240-00090642 One of the most shocking details that investigators learned after arresting 11FEn0wpBYy-00174-00090642-00090924 Kohberger is that he may have had a relationship 11FEn0wpBYy-00175-00090924-00091488 with convicted serial killer Dennis Rader - also known as the BTK Killer. 11FEn0wpBYy-00176-00091488-00091926 Concerns about his relationship with the killer were first voiced by Rader’s own daughter, 11FEn0wpBYy-00177-00091926-00092514 Kerri Rawson. She says that she learned that Kohberger had studied closely with Katherine 11FEn0wpBYy-00178-00092514-00093078 Ramsland, an expert on the BTK investigation and subsequent arrest of Dennis Rader. 11FEn0wpBYy-00179-00093156-00093576 Ramsland had crafted a career out of being an expert on serial killers, 11FEn0wpBYy-00180-00093576-00094062 but Rader’s daughter says that Kohberger’s relationship may have gone further than 11FEn0wpBYy-00181-00094062-00094524 simply being infatuated with criminals and serial killers. She posted to twitter 11FEn0wpBYy-00182-00094524-00094962 and voiced her concerns that Kohberger may have reached out to her father in the past, 11FEn0wpBYy-00183-00094962-00095472 and may have spoken with him shortly before he committed the Idaho University murders. 11FEn0wpBYy-00184-00095532-00095916 Rader’s daughter says that Dr. Ramsland should know for certain 11FEn0wpBYy-00185-00095916-00096318 whether or not Dennis Rader had any connections to the Idaho murders, 11FEn0wpBYy-00186-00096318-00096864 but Ramsland allegedly isn’t opening up about this or speaking about the situation publicly. 11FEn0wpBYy-00187-00096954-00097482 Kerri Rawson says that her father has a lot in common with Bryan Kohberger. 11FEn0wpBYy-00188-00097482-00097734 She mentioned that Kohberger was a criminology student, 11FEn0wpBYy-00189-00097734-00098118 but added that her father also has a degree in criminal justice. 11FEn0wpBYy-00190-00098196-00098700 At the moment, we don’t know if there is any real connection here between the BTK Killer 11FEn0wpBYy-00191-00098700-00099228 and Kohberger, but it's certainly a strange coincidence that police will almost certainly 11FEn0wpBYy-00192-00099228-00099810 look into in the future. Unfortunately, after this video is posted, there isn’t any way that 11FEn0wpBYy-00193-00099810-00100314 I can update with any new details about the case, so I ask that, as new details emerge, 11FEn0wpBYy-00194-00100314-00100734 share them in the comments below so that this video can serve as a source for new information, 11FEn0wpBYy-00195-00100734-00101172 as well as the foundation of information that’s already been shared in the case. 11FEn0wpBYy-00196-00101286-00101778 After all was said and done, Bryan Kohberger’s family released a statement and said, 11FEn0wpBYy-00197-00101778-00102270 “First and foremost we care deeply for the four families who have lost their precious 11FEn0wpBYy-00198-00102270-00102672 children. There are no words that can adequately express the sadness we feel, 11FEn0wpBYy-00199-00102672-00103272 and we pray each day for them. We will continue to let the legal process unfold and as a family 11FEn0wpBYy-00200-00103272-00103788 we will love and support our son and brother. We have fully cooperated with law enforcement 11FEn0wpBYy-00201-00103788-00104250 agencies in an attempt to seek the truth and promote his presumption of innocence rather 11FEn0wpBYy-00202-00104250-00104832 than judge unknown facts and make erroneous assumptions. We respect privacy in this matter 11FEn0wpBYy-00203-00104832-00105318 as our family and the families suffering loss can move forward through the legal process." 11FEn0wpBYy-00204-00105461-00105804 With that, we’ve reached the end of today's story. Don’t forget, 11FEn0wpBYy-00205-00105804-00106140 if you want to see more True Crime Stories, be sure to hit the like 11FEn0wpBYy-00206-00106140-00106542 button and subscribe. If you’d like to help out with the operating costs of the channel, 11FEn0wpBYy-00207-00106542-00106980 you can also hit the blue JOIN button below this video - but that’s entirely optional. 11FEn0wpBYy-00208-00107033-00107442 With that said, my name is Ty Notts and I’ll catch you guys in the next video. 11LErhkAmIo-00000-00010968-00012960 LIKE AND SUBSRCIRBE MY CHANNEL 125MKAI_l-0-00000-00000330-00000830 [music playing] 125MKAI_l-0-00001-00002580-00003080 [Sarah Harding] The Liz Lerman Dance Exchange, which is a modern dance company 125MKAI_l-0-00002-00002910-00003410 located near Washington, DC, created this amazing dance 125MKAI_l-0-00003-00003266-00003766 performance related to the human genome. 125MKAI_l-0-00004-00003836-00004336 [Liz Lerman] You take a form like contemporary modern dance, 125MKAI_l-0-00005-00003993-00004493 which is a little hard to understand; 125MKAI_l-0-00006-00004163-00004663 you take genetics, a little hard to understand. 125MKAI_l-0-00007-00004356-00004856 You say, let's put them together and everyone 125MKAI_l-0-00008-00004563-00005063 will understand. 125MKAI_l-0-00009-00004670-00005170 And it's like, how's that going to work? 125MKAI_l-0-00010-00004883-00005383 But, actually, it does. 125MKAI_l-0-00011-00005186-00005686 [music playing] 125MKAI_l-0-00012-00005430-00005930 [Sarah Harding] After seeing Ferocious Beauty Genome, 125MKAI_l-0-00013-00005673-00006173 members of the Dance Exchange and the NHGRI got together 125MKAI_l-0-00014-00006004-00006504 and created this idea for a workshop that would explore 125MKAI_l-0-00015-00006404-00006904 genomic science through dance specifically for 125MKAI_l-0-00016-00006634-00007134 high school students. 125MKAI_l-0-00017-00006864-00007364 [Carla Easter] The NIH team, composed of educators and researchers 125MKAI_l-0-00018-00007150-00007650 along with the Liz Lerman dancers and choreographers, 125MKAI_l-0-00019-00007410-00007910 decided to pull together, and create choreography 125MKAI_l-0-00020-00007727-00008227 or activities around subject matter that the students were 125MKAI_l-0-00021-00007987-00008487 already familiar with. 125MKAI_l-0-00022-00008114-00008614 The idea was to make it unique and something different from 125MKAI_l-0-00023-00008410-00008910 the way they were normally taught in their classes. 125MKAI_l-0-00024-00008627-00009127 [Sarah Harding] The main goal is to teach the science through dance, 125MKAI_l-0-00025-00009070-00009570 and through the arts and really have that connection 125MKAI_l-0-00026-00009287-00009787 can be made. 125MKAI_l-0-00027-00009564-00010064 About a month later, 70 students arrive at 125MKAI_l-0-00028-00009867-00010367 the Atlas theater in Washington, DC. 125MKAI_l-0-00029-00010154-00010654 The students will have to choreograph one 125MKAI_l-0-00030-00010317-00010817 of four topics in the groups they get split into, 125MKAI_l-0-00031-00010604-00011104 one of which is mitosis. 125MKAI_l-0-00032-00010870-00011370 [Carla Easter] We've talked about mitosis as the dance of the chromosomes, 125MKAI_l-0-00033-00011147-00011647 because, again, it is just like a production, right? 125MKAI_l-0-00034-00011700-00012200 We gave the students an overview of mitosis, 125MKAI_l-0-00035-00011957-00012457 taking them through the various phases, 125MKAI_l-0-00036-00012168-00012668 and then we asked them to choreograph movements that 125MKAI_l-0-00037-00012384-00012884 depicted each of those phases. 125MKAI_l-0-00038-00012691-00013191 [Elizabeth Johnson] I like the coilof the shape. 125MKAI_l-0-00039-00012834-00013334 I like that idea of the mirroring. 125MKAI_l-0-00040-00013118-00013618 [Cynthia Delgado] Love the drag. 125MKAI_l-0-00041-00013228-00013728 [Elizabeth Johnson] The drag. 125MKAI_l-0-00042-00013311-00013811 [Cynthia Delgado] Can't go wrong with the coil to drag. 125MKAI_l-0-00043-00013418-00013918 [Elizabeth Johnson] I started to just implant places about speed. 125MKAI_l-0-00044-00013658-00014158 [Carla Easter] We gave the students a few parameters to work within. 125MKAI_l-0-00045-00013904-00014404 The idea was for them to create something that was 125MKAI_l-0-00046-00014088-00014588 totally their own. 125MKAI_l-0-00047-00014247-00014747 Hopefully, the students will create something that their 125MKAI_l-0-00048-00014464-00014964 peers will enjoy but that also their peers will gain 125MKAI_l-0-00049-00014711-00015211 a new understanding of the science, 125MKAI_l-0-00050-00014868-00015368 and in this case, it was mitosis. 125MKAI_l-0-00051-00015068-00015568 [Elizabeth Johnson] Break and down, you guys stay. 125MKAI_l-0-00052-00015394-00015894 Let's start, break, break -- nope, no, no, you break; 125MKAI_l-0-00053-00015908-00016408 you guys will be dragging. 125MKAI_l-0-00054-00016044-00016544 Okay, I was wrong. 125MKAI_l-0-00055-00016147-00016648 Break and drag. 125MKAI_l-0-00056-00016584-00017084 [Sarah Harding] The students have about two hours to learn the 125MKAI_l-0-00057-00016884-00017384 major concepts of mitosis, explore those concepts 125MKAI_l-0-00058-00017204-00017704 through dance and movement, and then create brand new 125MKAI_l-0-00059-00017564-00018064 choreography that essentially will teach other students 125MKAI_l-0-00060-00017918-00018418 those major concepts in mitosis. 125MKAI_l-0-00061-00018208-00018708 After they're done creating their choreography, 125MKAI_l-0-00062-00018415-00018915 they'll have the opportunity to perform it for their friends 125MKAI_l-0-00063-00018755-00019255 and other students who are part of the workshop. 125MKAI_l-0-00064-00019028-00019528 [Elizabeth Johnson] There we go, now we have two identical chromosomes, 125MKAI_l-0-00065-00019342-00019842 sister chromosomes. 125MKAI_l-0-00066-00019488-00019988 Give yourself a round. 125MKAI_l-0-00067-00019625-00020125 Let's do it from the top. 125MKAI_l-0-00068-00020022-00020522 [Carla Easter] Our students are dancing mitosis, 125MKAI_l-0-00069-00020232-00020732 if you can believe that. 125MKAI_l-0-00070-00020375-00020875 [music playing] 125MKAI_l-0-00071-00021118-00021618 [Carla Easter] They are dancing what happens when mitosis happens right, 125MKAI_l-0-00072-00021435-00021935 and when it goes awry. 125MKAI_l-0-00073-00021615-00022115 [music playing] 125MKAI_l-0-00074-00024436-00024936 [Student] I died because I'm the protein. 125MKAI_l-0-00075-00024639-00025139 I'm the protein that died in the cells, 125MKAI_l-0-00076-00024859-00025359 and then afterwards, they become corrupted and 125MKAI_l-0-00077-00025109-00025609 they become cancer cells and they die eventually as well. 125MKAI_l-0-00078-00025459-00025959 [Elizabeth Johnson] Excellent work. 125MKAI_l-0-00079-00025629-00026129 In 15 minutes you have two very different representations 125MKAI_l-0-00080-00025979-00026479 of mitosis. 125MKAI_l-0-00081-00026126-00026626 You worked as a team. 125MKAI_l-0-00082-00026262-00026762 You know, it's not exactly easy to collaborate with seven other 125MKAI_l-0-00083-00026582-00027082 people to make something, especially in such a 125MKAI_l-0-00084-00026802-00027302 short amount of time, so -- awesome. 125MKAI_l-0-00085-00027189-00027689 [Sarah Harding] Now it's performance time. 125MKAI_l-0-00086-00027376-00027876 You can tell the students are excited and probably a little 125MKAI_l-0-00087-00027632-00028132 bit nervous to show what they've done, 125MKAI_l-0-00088-00027886-00028386 what they've created for the other students 125MKAI_l-0-00089-00028129-00028629 and for their friends. 125MKAI_l-0-00090-00028306-00028806 [Carla Easter] I am really excited for the students. 125MKAI_l-0-00091-00028462-00028962 They've put together two very creative and unique 125MKAI_l-0-00092-00028679-00029179 performances that depict mitosis. 125MKAI_l-0-00093-00028956-00029456 [music playing] 125MKAI_l-0-00094-00029282-00029782 [Monique Scott] I wanted them to see biology in terms of how it relates 125MKAI_l-0-00095-00029792-00030292 to them, not just what they're reading from the textbook, 125MKAI_l-0-00096-00030050-00030550 but -- and how other people are actually interested in science. 125MKAI_l-0-00097-00030416-00030916 It is not just the geeks and the nerds who like science. 125MKAI_l-0-00098-00030673-00031173 You have dancers, now, who are interested in science. 125MKAI_l-0-00099-00031030-00031530 [music playing] 125MKAI_l-0-00100-00031610-00032110 [Emily Young] One of the comments that one of my students said 125MKAI_l-0-00101-00031770-00032270 was that she said it was much freer than being in 125MKAI_l-0-00102-00032096-00032596 the classroom, like you got to actually explore 125MKAI_l-0-00103-00032306-00032806 something, an explanation and different means of explaining 125MKAI_l-0-00104-00032693-00033193 a concept they knew already about and just learned from 125MKAI_l-0-00105-00032943-00033443 a book or from a microscope. 125MKAI_l-0-00106-00033146-00033646 [music playing] 125MKAI_l-0-00107-00033720-00034220 [Cynthia Delgado] We want them to have a new way to learn science, 125MKAI_l-0-00108-00034086-00034586 and something they can have fun with and maybe, 125MKAI_l-0-00109-00034390-00034890 you know, learn something new about science that they didn't 125MKAI_l-0-00110-00034613-00035113 know before or take something they learned in the classroom 125MKAI_l-0-00111-00034876-00035376 and expand on it. 125MKAI_l-0-00112-00035053-00035553 [music, laughter, and applause] 125MKAI_l-0-00113-00035526-00036026 [Carla Easter] I think what surprised me was that, initially, 125MKAI_l-0-00114-00035690-00036190 the students were very tentative about doing this, 125MKAI_l-0-00115-00035926-00036426 and by the end of it, they really got into it. 125MKAI_l-0-00116-00036177-00036677 I mean, they really -- they really were visualizing 125MKAI_l-0-00117-00036384-00036884 what mitosis looked like through dance. 125MKAI_l-0-00118-00036570-00037070 And I am so impressed with them because all the inhibitions 125MKAI_l-0-00119-00036810-00037310 were gone. 125MKAI_l-0-00120-00036980-00037480 [cheering and applause] 125MKAI_l-0-00121-00037860-00038360 [music playing] 125MKAI_l-0-00122-00043321-00043821 [music playing] 12Utlxzchd8-00000-00000000-00000374 As you can see, oblast governors have been invited to today's conference. 12Utlxzchd8-00001-00000374-00000791 I'd also like to discuss another matter: readiness for the harvesting campaign. 12Utlxzchd8-00002-00000791-00001212 You can see every day that the entire world is scared with hunger. 12Utlxzchd8-00003-00001212-00001709 A hunger by autumn or winter. A hunger that has not been witnessed since the Great Patriotic War [of 1941-1945]. 12Utlxzchd8-00004-00001777-00001952 Well, there's no smoke without fire. 12Utlxzchd8-00005-00001952-00002383 Tensions are being inflated just like in the pandemic and something else. 12Utlxzchd8-00006-00002383-00002599 But I say there's no smoke without fire. 12Utlxzchd8-00007-00002686-00002827 There will be hunger! 12Utlxzchd8-00008-00002914-00003253 And not only because Ukraine's grain has not been exported 12Utlxzchd8-00009-00003253-00003550 or because Russia has been affected by sanctions which... 12Utlxzchd8-00010-00003550-00004047 As Putin says they are ready to sell up to 50 million tonnes of wheat. 12Utlxzchd8-00011-00004047-00004279 It is a large figure together with Ukraine. 12Utlxzchd8-00012-00004473-00004832 This is why the world will lack not only bread. 12Utlxzchd8-00013-00004898-00005094 I've talked about it many times. 12Utlxzchd8-00014-00005200-00006025 And you can see the helplessness with which the entire United Nations Organization is trying to prevent an inevitable crisis. 12Utlxzchd8-00015-00006200-00006713 Fifty countries are critically dependent on them, on this food. 12Utlxzchd8-00016-00006934-00007134 This is just a taste of what's to come, as I've already said. 12Utlxzchd8-00017-00007134-00008152 The crazy train of sanctions against mineral fertilizers, oil products, shipping logistics (freight, insurance) 12Utlxzchd8-00018-00008152-00008680 threatens to disrupt consequent agricultural seasons and simply demolish food markets. 12Utlxzchd8-00019-00008680-00008887 Today we will still be able to gather in some cereals. 12Utlxzchd8-00020-00008887-00009324 The year is not bad. And Russia will have a good harvest. And Ukraine will gather in something, too. 12Utlxzchd8-00021-00009324-00010065 If we don't slack, we can also gather in as much cereals as we need to feed people and animals. 12Utlxzchd8-00022-00010065-00010459 We certainly will not export wheat or some other crops. 12Utlxzchd8-00023-00010459-00010561 Although we can. 12Utlxzchd8-00024-00010561-00010809 Well, except for colza, flax, industrial crops. 12Utlxzchd8-00025-00010809-00011037 Except for potatoes of which we have plenty. 12Utlxzchd8-00026-00011037-00011209 We are not going to export cereals. 12Utlxzchd8-00027-00011209-00011740 It is necessary to process all of it through the animal husbandry industry in order to get meat and milk. 12Utlxzchd8-00028-00011740-00012169 But food prices will grow higher as a whole. 12Utlxzchd8-00029-00012247-00012984 You understand that rising prices for cereals will immediately result in higher prices for other kinds of food. 12Utlxzchd8-00030-00012984-00013193 Prices for animal husbandry industry products. 12Utlxzchd8-00031-00013259-00013471 Prices are already at an all-time high. 12Utlxzchd8-00032-00013471-00014118 For instance, prices for wheat rose by more than 60% in the last six months. 12Utlxzchd8-00033-00014173-00014496 Well, it turns out you cannot eat dollars on your bread. 12Utlxzchd8-00034-00014630-00014832 You remember perfectly well that 12Utlxzchd8-00035-00014832-00015394 the previous wheat price hike in 2008 resulted in the notorious Arab spring. 12Utlxzchd8-00036-00015432-00015735 Grain became the big politics and essentially a weapon. 12Utlxzchd8-00037-00015735-00015871 This is why I am telling you: 12Utlxzchd8-00038-00015871-00016217 if the economy works and if people have something to eat 12Utlxzchd8-00039-00016217-00016452 and something to wear, 12Utlxzchd8-00040-00016452-00016860 it is a guarantee that we will endure! 12Utlxzchd8-00041-00016860-00017622 If the government does not fail other branches of economy and enterprises while blaming sanctions for it, 12Utlxzchd8-00042-00017622-00017875 then we will be afraid of no sanctions. 12Utlxzchd8-00043-00018000-00018611 I’ve noted many times that the food market situation offers a chance to earn a profit. 12a86aRlOzy-00000-00000875-00001515 how to create a customer and an account holder in lots nuts has many different 12a86aRlOzy-00001-00001515-00001985 ways to add a new customer to the system one of the easiest is from the debtor's 12a86aRlOzy-00002-00001985-00003198 module at the top go to tools edit customer then select new person this 12a86aRlOzy-00003-00003198-00003693 will load the lot standard edit patient screen from here you need to enter the 12a86aRlOzy-00004-00003693-00004130 customers first and last names along with any of their other details that you 12a86aRlOzy-00005-00004130-00005148 may have once you've entered all the customer details click OK to save the 12a86aRlOzy-00006-00005148-00006000 person they are now a customer within the system but not yet a debtor to make 12a86aRlOzy-00007-00006000-00006848 them a debtor you need to go to tools and edit customer again but this time 12a86aRlOzy-00008-00006848-00007156 you search for them 12a86aRlOzy-00009-00007572-00008178 once you have the patient details open go to the account tab and select own 12a86aRlOzy-00010-00008178-00008994 account you will notice a few other options become available select any that 12a86aRlOzy-00011-00008994-00010020 are applicable for this customer once completed hit OK to save after you have 12a86aRlOzy-00012-00010020-00010607 saved the details you'll notice this customer is now in the list of debtors 12a86aRlOzy-00013-00010745-00011277 if you need to edit this customer further with them highlighted you can go 12a86aRlOzy-00014-00011277-00012354 to tools edit this customer if you want to link any of the family members to 12a86aRlOzy-00015-00012354-00012924 this account they will first need to be creative and saved in the system once 12a86aRlOzy-00016-00012924-00014166 this is done you can go to tools edit customer and search for them then in the 12a86aRlOzy-00017-00014166-00015038 account tab select other account and search for the primary account holder 12a86aRlOzy-00018-00015344-00015843 the details that are listed are from the primary account holder and cannot be 12a86aRlOzy-00019-00015843-00017010 edited by a sub-account once you're happy with all of the changes hit OK to 12a86aRlOzy-00020-00017010-00017616 view a statement for a particular debtor there are a few options you can 12a86aRlOzy-00021-00017616-00018408 right-click on the debtor and few statements for this account this will 12a86aRlOzy-00022-00018408-00018915 list all of the statements for this customer you can also use the date 12a86aRlOzy-00023-00018915-00019515 filters on the right hand side once highlighted it will display all of the 12a86aRlOzy-00024-00019515-00019985 accounts that had been rolled over at that time 16sXpXQIKw8-00000-00002039-00003296 Han tapi bagaimana denganmu Hem bagai mana denganku uha saya agak beramsumsi kalian tidak, saya hanya menjaga 16sXpXQIKw8-00001-00003296-00004384 Dia dari tersesat benar benar oh tapi kamu tampaknya begitu sempurna bersama wo wo apa yg anda lakukan 16sXpXQIKw8-00002-00004872-00004922 apa 16sXpXQIKw8-00003-00005304-00005784 menghormati 16sXpXQIKw8-00004-00006688-00007184 Dimana elsaha 16sXpXQIKw8-00005-00007512-00008584 elsa dan anna mungkin membutuhkan bantuan kita ayo pergi our 16sXpXQIKw8-00006-00009408-00009984 kristoff anna 16sXpXQIKw8-00007-00010904-00011384 elsa 16sXpXQIKw8-00008-00011872-00011992 elsa anna 16sXpXQIKw8-00009-00012456-00012784 no 16sXpXQIKw8-00010-00014008-00014184 anna 16sXpXQIKw8-00011-00015688-00016984 ugh 16sXpXQIKw8-00012-00018536-00018816 Tidak apa apa mereka kuat 16sXpXQIKw8-00013-00019592-00019848 Kamu benar mereka saling memiliki 16sXpXQIKw8-00014-00020136-00020848 anna oh elsa kamu telah mengorban dirimu untuk ku,aku mencintaimu 16sXpXQIKw8-00015-00021088-00022232 Tindakan cinta sejati akan jatuh beku cinta hati akan mencairkan cinta Elsa tentu saja 16sXpXQIKw8-00016-00022312-00022584 cinta 16sXpXQIKw8-00017-00023344-00023984 oh 16sXpXQIKw8-00018-00026136-00026783 oh 16sXpXQIKw8-00019-00028183-00028233 kamu 17T4ZFcYJAu-00000-00000090-00000276 Attention Clayton residents. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00001-00000276-00000794 This is a community notification of a new sexually violent predator in your area. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00002-00000794-00001291 Please stay tuned to the following short program for more information. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00003-00001291-00001604 Hi, I'm Technician Ron Hackett with the Denver Police Department. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00004-00001604-00001968 The Sex Offender Registration and Compliance Unit at DPD 17T4ZFcYJAu-00005-00001968-00002515 is responsible for the registration, monitoring, and tracking of all registered sex offenders 17T4ZFcYJAu-00006-00002515-00002876 and sexually violent predators who live in the City and County of Denver. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00007-00002876-00003213 Here's a brief history of sex offender legislation in Colorado. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00008-00003213-00003530 Our state laws trickle down from federal government mandates. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00009-00003530-00003837 In 1994 we had the Jacob Wetterling Act 17T4ZFcYJAu-00010-00003837-00004200 which mandated that states would establish a sex offender list. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00011-00004200-00004854 Megan's Law of 1996 said that the public would have access to those sex offender registration lists. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00012-00004854-00005428 The Pam Lychner Act of 1996 stated that some offenders might have to have lifetime registrations. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00013-00005428-00005996 And the Adam Walsh Act of 2006 unified sex offender laws across the country. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00014-00005996-00006476 In Colorado, the legislature has determined that sexually violent predators, by definition, 17T4ZFcYJAu-00015-00006476-00006826 pose a higher risk to the community at large, and therefore 17T4ZFcYJAu-00016-00006826-00007177 mandated that upon their release from the Department of Corrections 17T4ZFcYJAu-00017-00007177-00007380 the community must be notified. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00018-00007380-00007704 Sex offender notification in Colorado happens in two ways. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00019-00007704-00008124 The first is passive and ongoing through the sex offender registration process 17T4ZFcYJAu-00020-00008124-00008408 which is the list maintained by local police departments. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00021-00008408-00008745 The second way is active, via community notification 17T4ZFcYJAu-00022-00008745-00009065 for those offenders determined to be sexually violent predators 17T4ZFcYJAu-00023-00009065-00009285 by the courts or by the Parole Board. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00024-00009285-00009562 Most sex offenders in Colorado are supervised 17T4ZFcYJAu-00025-00009562-00009823 by the criminal justice system in our communities. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00026-00009823-00010080 Most sex offenders engage in crossover behavior 17T4ZFcYJAu-00027-00010080-00010317 which means they may have been arrested for 17T4ZFcYJAu-00028-00010317-00010620 one type of crime, but be apt to commit another. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00029-00010620-00010991 Many sex offenders have no criminal history at all prior to their arrest. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00030-00010991-00011604 There is no typical sex offender, but all tend to be deceptive, manipulative, and secretive. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00031-00011604-00012072 80-93% of sex offenses are committed by someone known to the victim. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00032-00012072-00012449 Sexual deviancy begins in mid to late adolescence. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00033-00012449-00012816 Sex offenses are not impulsive--they are usually carefully planned. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00034-00012816-00013036 And most sex offenders are male. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00035-00013036-00013303 The community has a vested interest in helping offenders 17T4ZFcYJAu-00036-00013303-00013536 to be successfully managed in the community. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00037-00013536-00013980 Sex offenders have the same need for housing and employment as any other citizen. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00038-00013980-00014481 Any citizen who uses sex offender information to harass, threaten, or intimidate 17T4ZFcYJAu-00039-00014481-00014834 an offender will be subject to criminal prosecution. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00040-00014834-00015335 There are approximately 16,500 registered sex offenders in the state of Colorado. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00041-00015335-00015825 About 65% of convicted sex offenders are placed in the community on probation. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00042-00015825-00016209 The remainder are in the Department of Corrections or Community Corrections. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00043-00016209-00016703 Offenders may be caught for one type of offense, but be at a high risk to commit another type. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00044-00016703-00017043 Crime of conviction is only one indicator of risk. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00045-00017043-00017397 A sexually violent predator must register with the Denver Police Department 17T4ZFcYJAu-00046-00017397-00017767 Sex Offender Registration Unit every three months for the rest of their life. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00047-00017767-00018201 The offender's residence must be verified quarterly by the Denver Police Department. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00048-00018201-00018611 The full sex offender registration list is available by calling the Denver Police Department 17T4ZFcYJAu-00049-00018611-00019229 Identification Bureau at 720-913-6756. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00050-00019229-00019679 Convicted felons and those with multiple convictions are posted online 17T4ZFcYJAu-00051-00019679-00020093 at denvergov.org/police. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00052-00020093-00020567 Remember, sexually violent predators do not represent all dangerous sex offenders. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00053-00020567-00020981 The community notification process and sex offender registration 17T4ZFcYJAu-00054-00020981-00021324 are not a complete deterrent to sexual assault. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00055-00021324-00021925 Now, here's a look at the newest sexually violent predator living in Denver. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00056-00021925-00022265 Here's an overview of the registered sex offenders currently living in Denver. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00057-00022265-00022649 There are 2,643 total living within city limits. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00058-00022649-00022936 In Denver Police District 2 there are 408. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00059-00022936-00023273 Precinct 212 has 68 registered sex offenders. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00060-00023273-00023763 Of those, 44 have felony convictions and 24 have misdemeanor convictions. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00061-00023763-00024134 Larry Wayne Johnson is a sexually violent predator currently living in Denver. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00062-00024134-00024554 He's 68 years old and was born on June 25, 1953. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00063-00024554-00025128 He's a black male, 6-feet tall, 184 pounds, with black hair and brown eyes. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00064-00025128-00025719 He's currently living at 3414 Milwaukee St. in the Clayton neighborhood of Denver. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00065-00025719-00026072 Schools located within one mile of this offender include: 17T4ZFcYJAu-00066-00026072-00026503 University Prep - Steele St. at 3230 E. 38th Ave. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00067-00026503-00026886 Columbine Elementary at 2540 E. 29th Ave. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00068-00026886-00027303 Bruce Randolph Middle School and High School at 3955 Steele St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00069-00027303-00027661 Manual High School at 1700 E. 28th Ave. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00070-00027661-00027994 Wyatt Academy at 3620 Franklin St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00071-00027994-00028518 International Academy of Denver at Harrington at 2401 E. 37th Ave. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00072-00028518-00028925 Cole Arts and Science Academy at 3240 Humboldt St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00073-00028925-00029282 PREP Academy at 2727 Columbine St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00074-00029282-00029813 Colorado High School Charter - GES at 3093 E. 42nd Ave. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00075-00029813-00030290 Denver School of Science and Technology - Cole High School at 3240 Humboldt St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00076-00030290-00030690 Annunciation Catholic School at 3536 Lafayette St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00077-00030690-00031097 Inner City School at 3560 Josephine St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00078-00031097-00031434 Parks located within one mile of this offender include: 17T4ZFcYJAu-00079-00031434-00032025 Schafer Park, Colorado Blvd. Park, 39th Ave. Greenway, Dunham Park, City Park 17T4ZFcYJAu-00080-00032025-00032669 Municipal Golf Course, City of Axium Park, City of Nairobi Park, Russell Square Park, 17T4ZFcYJAu-00081-00032669-00033386 Morrison Park, Douglass Park, Boyd Park, Fuller Park, City Park, St. Charles Park, 17T4ZFcYJAu-00082-00033386-00033560 Walker Park. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00083-00033560-00033977 Recreation centers located within one mile of this offender include: 17T4ZFcYJAu-00084-00033977-00034441 St. Charles Rec Center at 3777 N. Lafayette St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00085-00034441-00034811 Bus routes located within one mile of this offender include: 17T4ZFcYJAu-00086-00034811-00035382 Route 34--Bruce Randolph Ave. and Fillmore St., Bruce Randolph Ave. and Clayton St., 17T4ZFcYJAu-00087-00035382-00035932 Bruce Randolph Ave. and Steele St., Bruce Randolph Ave. and Elizabeth St. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00088-00035932-00036222 A brief history of charges against this offender: 17T4ZFcYJAu-00089-00036222-00036736 Attempted sexual assault on a child, and child abuse - knowingly / reckless cause serious 17T4ZFcYJAu-00090-00036736-00036863 bodily injury. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00091-00036863-00037177 He's currently on Parole, and registered with the Denver Police Department on 17T4ZFcYJAu-00092-00037177-00037781 May 4, 2021, to 3414 Milwaukee St. in the Clayton neighborhood of Denver. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00093-00037781-00038058 Past charges against this offender include: 17T4ZFcYJAu-00094-00038058-00038491 Possession of a weapon, burglary, aggravated robbery. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00095-00038491-00038825 Larry Wayne Johnson has been determined a sexually violent predator after meeting 17T4ZFcYJAu-00096-00038825-00038985 the following criteria. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00097-00038985-00039596 Criteria 1: Age 18 or older on the date of the offense, or under 18 and tried as an adult. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00098-00039596-00039939 The offender was age 54 at the time of the offense. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00099-00039939-00040473 Criteria 2: The crime must have been committed on or after July 1, 1997 and convicted on or 17T4ZFcYJAu-00100-00040473-00041144 after July 1, 1999. Crimes include sexual assault, felony unlawful sexual contact, sexual assault 17T4ZFcYJAu-00101-00041144-00041614 on a child, sexual assault on a child by a person in a position of trust. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00102-00041614-00042192 The offender was convicted on March 6, 2008, for Attempted Sexual Assault on a Child, and 17T4ZFcYJAu-00103-00042192-00042622 Child Abuse - Knowingly / Reckless Cause Serious Bodily Injury. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00104-00042622-00042999 Criteria 3: The relationship to the victim was one of the following: 17T4ZFcYJAu-00105-00042999-00043423 Victim was a stranger to the offender; or the offender established or promoted a 17T4ZFcYJAu-00106-00043423-00043927 relationship with the victim primarily for the purpose of sexual victimization. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00107-00043927-00044417 The victim was a 17-year-old male. The offender was known to the victim. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00108-00044417-00044914 Criteria 4: Positive results or the "passing of a risk assessment instrument," administered by 17T4ZFcYJAu-00109-00044914-00045375 probation/parole staff and a qualified treatment evaluator. Positive results include 17T4ZFcYJAu-00110-00045375-00045865 an assessment for the presence of a mental abnormality, a level of denial regarding the offense, 17T4ZFcYJAu-00111-00045865-00046379 treatment appropriateness and motivation, presence of sexual deviant interests. 17T4ZFcYJAu-00112-00046379-00046753 The offender was evaluated by the Denver District Courts with "positive results," 17T4ZFcYJAu-00113-00046753-00047067 determining him to be a sexually violent predator. 18riQE2qHBc-00000-00000416-00000872 This is where I have received some responses to the batch request, 18riQE2qHBc-00001-00000944-00001600 so I've logged into my dashboard and I can see here, there's a 'Things to do' section right here, 18riQE2qHBc-00002-00001600-00002032 and it says 'One request has received a response'. Although in the 'Activity' section I can actually 18riQE2qHBc-00003-00002032-00002856 see I've had three responses that I need to look at. So I can go and update the status, 18riQE2qHBc-00004-00002928-00003728 which will let me look at the response. OK, and I can see here 18riQE2qHBc-00005-00003952-00004408 it looks like I have some of the information that I've requested. So 18riQE2qHBc-00006-00004600-00004856 I can say 'I've received some of the information'. 18riQE2qHBc-00007-00005152-00005520 It seems like I'm going to have to go somewhere else to get the rest of the information, 18riQE2qHBc-00008-00005520-00006192 so at the moment I don't need to raise an internal review. Because I i know that, 18riQE2qHBc-00009-00006192-00006912 I have been told in the response, that I have to go somewhere else, so that's not a problem. 18riQE2qHBc-00010-00007144-00007416 So here, I've just clicked on 'Awaiting response', 18riQE2qHBc-00011-00007616-00008120 because i just wanted to go into that section so I could look at the requests. And here, you can see 18riQE2qHBc-00012-00008184-00009024 this is the batch request here, and you can see here this is my status bar. This says 18riQE2qHBc-00013-00009024-00009376 'There are three requests that are still in progress'. So there are three requests that still 18riQE2qHBc-00014-00009376-00009976 haven't been answered. One - the one I've just updated the status on - is marked as complete. 18riQE2qHBc-00015-00009976-00010640 Two still have 'Action needed' because I need to go and update their statuses, so 18riQE2qHBc-00016-00010736-00011384 I'm just going to click on this one and see what's been said here. OK, so they've refused 18riQE2qHBc-00017-00011680-00012288 to answer my request, and I'm not going to do anything about that right now. 18riQE2qHBc-00018-00012544-00013272 And then I'm gonna look at the last one. Ah, this one's 18riQE2qHBc-00019-00013463-00014712 also been refused. OK, so now let's go back to my dashboard and see what my 18riQE2qHBc-00020-00014872-00015536 status bar says. Look, it says 'Three in progress, three complete'. So it shows me that, when I click 18riQE2qHBc-00021-00015536-00016232 on the title of the request, I'm still awaiting a response from these three bodies. But if i wanted 18riQE2qHBc-00022-00016232-00017056 to, say I'd received enough information and data that I could do some analysis, some kind 18riQE2qHBc-00023-00017056-00017856 of preliminary analysis, I can download these as a .csv and you see that's just downloaded there. 18riQE2qHBc-00024-00018064-00018784 There we go, and here you can see, this is the .csv of all my requests. So I can just look at 18riQE2qHBc-00025-00018784-00019248 them, and then it brings me the request URLs. So I've got that, for me to keep a track of, 18riQE2qHBc-00026-00019312-00019848 and then if I wanted to download a zip I could download the zip and then if anyone had given me, 18riQE2qHBc-00027-00019936-00020312 for example, an attachment with their response, 18riQE2qHBc-00028-00020312-00020736 I could download the attachment as well as part of the zip, and I'd be able to 18riQE2qHBc-00029-00020736-00021424 look at that separately and analyse data. So that's how the dashboard works and how the 18riQE2qHBc-00030-00021424-00022464 batch request status bar works, and that is probably about what I want to show you right now. 18uI8eJMJD8-00000-00004808-00004944 you have a superpower 18uI8eJMJD8-00001-00005208-00005360 you're both [ __ ] with me right 18uI8eJMJD8-00002-00005672-00005928 do ryan and i look like the [ __ ] with you type 18uI8eJMJD8-00003-00006016-00007184 it's all true fine then tell me what i'm feeling right now you're feeling disbelief 18uI8eJMJD8-00004-00007544-00008248 you're actually a little annoyed you feel hurt that we didn't tell you until now whether it's 18uI8eJMJD8-00005-00008248-00008584 true or not you don't like being left out 18uI8eJMJD8-00006-00009064-00009264 well okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00007-00009808-00010256 oh [ __ ] the foosball game you knew exactly what to do 18uI8eJMJD8-00008-00010720-00011384 you needed to focus on the positive memories not get lost in the sadness i thought it would help 18uI8eJMJD8-00009-00011512-00011976 it did just warn me next time okay deal 18uI8eJMJD8-00010-00012312-00012784 never thought i'd have a freaky empath friend pretty wild 18uI8eJMJD8-00011-00013152-00013952 so any sign of diane today no but she was in yesterday working on her laptop 18uI8eJMJD8-00012-00014080-00014328 you said she was afraid of something around gabe's death 18uI8eJMJD8-00013-00014400-00015208 if she's covering up what typhon did i bet there's proof i hope so if she comes in today 18uI8eJMJD8-00014-00015208-00015824 let's be ready with a plan in the meantime i've got to finish my shift we're on it 18uI8eJMJD8-00015-00016247-00016632 time to earn a paycheck i should clean the dirty dishes around the bar 18uI8eJMJD8-00016-00016896-00017576 how do these bird watching contests even work who's checking the sightings [ __ ] you ryan lucas 18uI8eJMJD8-00017-00017664-00017984 enjoy your birder of the year title while it lasts 18uI8eJMJD8-00018-00017984-00018528 oh [ __ ] ryan's got a i wish riley never found out about my condition 18uI8eJMJD8-00019-00018632-00019328 she needs to focus on her future not mine riley found out i wonder what this means for them 18uI8eJMJD8-00020-00019536-00021184 i can't go on a run everyone will see how 18uI8eJMJD8-00021-00021336-00021512 hey can i ask you something 18uI8eJMJD8-00022-00021696-00022248 i've always felt too self-conscious to try running you seem like a pro any tips 18uI8eJMJD8-00023-00022448-00023984 oh well definitely don't let that stop you just push through it you know i'll try that thanks 18uI8eJMJD8-00024-00025176-00025568 i'm not convinced this is totally sanitary but what do i know 18uI8eJMJD8-00025-00026336-00026783 love you gabe 18uI8eJMJD8-00026-00026856-00027176 the hell am i gonna do with the jacket that says hell divers on the back 18uI8eJMJD8-00027-00027288-00027824 jeez i don't know boss man maybe you could wear it like the rest of us are gonna do you 18uI8eJMJD8-00028-00027824-00028288 think i want to broadcast my affiliation with you jokers to the rest of the world 18uI8eJMJD8-00029-00028288-00029608 i got a reputation not to be a single issue voter or anything but [ __ ] typhon 18uI8eJMJD8-00030-00029608-00030608 it's gonna be a long night tonight always is same thing every year tonight's the spring festival 18uI8eJMJD8-00031-00030760-00031800 i wonder what's wrong hey getting ready for the big larp oh hey yeah trying 18uI8eJMJD8-00032-00032032-00032183 i hope we can get ethan into it 18uI8eJMJD8-00033-00032680-00032768 is everything okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00034-00033000-00033024 yeah 18uI8eJMJD8-00035-00033240-00034136 don't worry i'm sure he'll like it yeah kind of addicted it's a good game i'm so glad 18uI8eJMJD8-00036-00034368-00035184 i really do 18uI8eJMJD8-00037-00036552-00037984 steph and ryan the newest inductees gabe would be proud 18uI8eJMJD8-00038-00039208-00039384 she's here 18uI8eJMJD8-00039-00039768-00040784 hey welcome i'll be right with you 18uI8eJMJD8-00040-00041016-00041208 i better check in with steph and ryan 18uI8eJMJD8-00041-00041576-00042184 i couldn't ask for a better scooby squad okay she's here what's the plan 18uI8eJMJD8-00042-00042400-00042864 well we have two plans actually but 18uI8eJMJD8-00043-00043080-00043584 we're still workshopping them 18uI8eJMJD8-00044-00043656-00044376 what does workshopping mean exactly it means ryan won't admit that my plan is perfect 18uI8eJMJD8-00045-00044840-00045456 okay so here's what i'm thinking i asked diane out on a date wait what 18uI8eJMJD8-00046-00045456-00046184 is she so into it she doesn't notice one ryan lucan swiping her laptop ryan carries said laptop 18uI8eJMJD8-00047-00046184-00047128 upstairs acquiring damning evidence maybe diane and i still hook up not important that's your plan 18uI8eJMJD8-00048-00047504-00048168 oh my god please tell me you have something better i do now to be clear it's the same plan 18uI8eJMJD8-00049-00048264-00048960 except i'm the distraction look steph i don't even think she's gay all right 18uI8eJMJD8-00050-00049088-00049656 she's probably into the rugged mountain man type all the transplants are 18uI8eJMJD8-00051-00050296-00050936 i'm genuinely worried that these were the best ideas you had what it's a simple plan 18uI8eJMJD8-00052-00050936-00051688 literally two steps you just need to choose the hotter distraction okay i'm not doing that 18uI8eJMJD8-00053-00051912-00053384 you're the only tiebreaker we have 18uI8eJMJD8-00054-00053536-00053648 let's go with steph 18uI8eJMJD8-00055-00053928-00054784 badass dj it's a no-brainer sorry ryan [ __ ] yes in your face yeah that's fair 18uI8eJMJD8-00056-00054912-00055584 look i appreciate the the effort but we don't even know if she has anything worth stealing yet 18uI8eJMJD8-00057-00055776-00056448 i'm just gonna try talking to her maybe i can get her worked up and read her emotions 18uI8eJMJD8-00058-00056632-00056936 i'll let you know if i need that distraction good luck 18uI8eJMJD8-00059-00057448-00058984 your usual thanks alex what's the best way to rile her up 18uI8eJMJD8-00060-00059776-00060048 i know typhon's responsible for my brother's death 18uI8eJMJD8-00061-00060208-00060720 i don't know how and i don't know why yet but i will find out 18uI8eJMJD8-00062-00061464-00061984 alex i can assure you that typhon is committed to a full and open investigation 18uI8eJMJD8-00063-00062272-00062696 we want to find those responsible and hold them accountable just as much as you do 18uI8eJMJD8-00064-00062752-00063184 that's the truth 18uI8eJMJD8-00065-00063376-00063888 she's got a great poker face unlike mac but let's see what she's really feeling 18uI8eJMJD8-00066-00064440-00064584 let me try and read her first 18uI8eJMJD8-00067-00064800-00065184 i'm sick of the lies and i'm sick of taking the heat for this company 18uI8eJMJD8-00068-00065248-00065984 she's pissed if i can stoke her anger at typhon maybe i can find out more 18uI8eJMJD8-00069-00066064-00066608 is that your niece and nephew they must be proud to have a super-powered businesswoman for an 18uI8eJMJD8-00070-00066608-00067384 aunt i suppose they do look up to me i try to be the best role model i can 18uI8eJMJD8-00071-00067712-00068384 do you have um enough napkins for the table uh yeah i'm fine thanks 18uI8eJMJD8-00072-00068760-00069400 good beer yep do you belong to a church around here hmm 18uI8eJMJD8-00073-00069512-00070184 oh no honestly i'm sort of lapsed with all that i do miss it though 18uI8eJMJD8-00074-00070584-00070936 william bloom huh yeah he's the best 18uI8eJMJD8-00075-00071264-00071616 ethan's a great artist isn't he he sure is 18uI8eJMJD8-00076-00071880-00072984 integrity to our very core what oh yeah that's our motto it it's a motto 18uI8eJMJD8-00077-00073144-00073680 okay now i need to pick something that will push diane's emotions over the edge 18uI8eJMJD8-00078-00074160-00074384 look i know you're not a bad person 18uI8eJMJD8-00079-00074592-00074960 but my brother is dead because of the choices you and typhon made 18uI8eJMJD8-00080-00075432-00075872 how does that make you feel i actually want to know 18uI8eJMJD8-00081-00076208-00076320 alex i 18uI8eJMJD8-00082-00076768-00077184 we 18uI8eJMJD8-00083-00077240-00077768 typhon is doing everything we can to address the situation that's the truth 18uI8eJMJD8-00084-00077984-00078584 okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00085-00078944-00079984 all right that's the emotion i was looking for time to explore diane's anger about typhon 18uI8eJMJD8-00086-00080416-00081384 so 18uI8eJMJD8-00087-00081624-00082344 okay time to find out what diane is really hunting does it fall within the tower of the limit well 18uI8eJMJD8-00088-00082400-00083040 as i say in the report there's a small chance the debris from the detonation is a simple question 18uI8eJMJD8-00089-00083272-00084208 it falls within the tolerable limits 18uI8eJMJD8-00090-00084208-00085616 typhon brought me here and look where it got me damn them all wait there's something else 18uI8eJMJD8-00091-00085616-00085840 i didn't join typhon to cover up a murder 18uI8eJMJD8-00092-00085920-00086240 if they try to pin this on me i'll have everything i need to fight back 18uI8eJMJD8-00093-00086520-00086984 holy [ __ ] she must have evidence on the usb stick 18uI8eJMJD8-00094-00087080-00088384 oh looks like i'll need a distraction after all 18uI8eJMJD8-00095-00088856-00089784 so 18uI8eJMJD8-00096-00090128-00091184 so 18uI8eJMJD8-00097-00091808-00093296 hey diane oh hey steph how are you so what's your deal i'm sorry are you single semi-single 18uI8eJMJD8-00098-00093488-00094392 taken but still down to get drunk and make out whoa i was not expecting that at all um 18uI8eJMJD8-00099-00095024-00095384 am i blushing i feel like i'm blushing 18uI8eJMJD8-00100-00095528-00095976 no you're cool as a cucumber that's good 18uI8eJMJD8-00101-00096400-00097072 i'm so flattered i don't even know what to say hey no no sweat just think about it 18uI8eJMJD8-00102-00097136-00097416 get back to me i'm not going anywhere 18uI8eJMJD8-00103-00097936-00098184 see ya 18uI8eJMJD8-00104-00102040-00102583 holy [ __ ] that was epic totally insane my heart is pounding 18uI8eJMJD8-00105-00102856-00103783 steph there's a very real chance that you awoke something in diane wouldn't be the first time 18uI8eJMJD8-00106-00103959-00104328 you guys oh that was hilarious oh my god 18uI8eJMJD8-00107-00104608-00105183 i hope this was worth it 18uI8eJMJD8-00108-00105632-00106272 password protected guess i'm not surprised i'll bring this to riley see if she's willing 18uI8eJMJD8-00109-00106272-00106976 to help she's a wizard computer stuff in the meantime we have a larp to do 18uI8eJMJD8-00110-00107264-00107432 grab your hat and meet me at the park 18uI8eJMJD8-00111-00107656-00107983 and don't forget your guitar okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00112-00108168-00108408 is the guitar really necessary what 18uI8eJMJD8-00113-00108568-00109111 how can you be a bard without a guitar the bard's whole job is to musically regale people 18uI8eJMJD8-00114-00109352-00109664 well then prepare to be regaled 18uI8eJMJD8-00115-00110111-00110959 so did you finish the thing yeah barely it took me all night i haven't carved like that in ages 18uI8eJMJD8-00116-00111288-00111944 all right i need to grab my guitar wow typhon officially clears typhon of any 18uI8eJMJD8-00117-00111944-00112344 wrongdoing in death of local man at the hands of typhon explosions 18uI8eJMJD8-00118-00112983-00113583 best job i've ever had not that the competition is super fierce 18uI8eJMJD8-00119-00114111-00114983 so many memories of gabe i didn't get to make 18uI8eJMJD8-00120-00116344-00116744 i don't even know if i'm doing this right but it felt like i had to 18uI8eJMJD8-00121-00117392-00117783 huh there it is 18uI8eJMJD8-00122-00118016-00118240 yeah i don't need to know what that was for 18uI8eJMJD8-00123-00118568-00118959 oh [ __ ] 18uI8eJMJD8-00124-00118959-00119328 the feather on the hat must have fallen off maybe i can find it 18uI8eJMJD8-00125-00119728-00120216 gabe's last effects from the coroner i dropped it off a few days ago 18uI8eJMJD8-00126-00120480-00121224 guess i've been avoiding looking through it okay you can take the kid out of juvie 18uI8eJMJD8-00127-00121472-00122159 one match left i don't know why but this must have been really special to gabe 18uI8eJMJD8-00128-00122424-00122576 never know when you'll need a light 18uI8eJMJD8-00129-00122983-00123383 i'm not giving up yet gabe 18uI8eJMJD8-00130-00123680-00124048 i better find that feather steph is a stickler for detail 18uI8eJMJD8-00131-00124048-00124783 life in haven would be a lot worse without these two weirdos 18uI8eJMJD8-00132-00125168-00125352 i'm really glad my advice helped 18uI8eJMJD8-00133-00125888-00126183 i didn't even know what to say when charlotte gave this to me 18uI8eJMJD8-00134-00126256-00127583 how do you even respond to such a perfect gift 18uI8eJMJD8-00135-00128800-00128959 this must have been gabe's 18uI8eJMJD8-00136-00130080-00130496 that's a long list and i bet he would have gotten through it 18uI8eJMJD8-00137-00131400-00132080 wow gabe still finding ways to break my wow steph is a rock star for putting this together 18uI8eJMJD8-00138-00132176-00133184 ethan is gonna flip 18uI8eJMJD8-00139-00134600-00135984 okay just need to grab my guitar 18uI8eJMJD8-00140-00136184-00137384 alex the bard ready to serve time to head out 18uI8eJMJD8-00141-00140848-00141584 yikes this garden is looking gnarly 18uI8eJMJD8-00142-00143904-00144384 look man if you want to live here you need to do your own dishes 18uI8eJMJD8-00143-00156560-00156984 hey 18uI8eJMJD8-00144-00157144-00157560 i don't need like cheering up or whatever 18uI8eJMJD8-00145-00157872-00158448 okay so maybe this wasn't the most subtle idea but 18uI8eJMJD8-00146-00159264-00159488 gabe was so excited to larp with you 18uI8eJMJD8-00147-00159648-00161184 i bet he'd really want you to do it i do want to do this it's just 18uI8eJMJD8-00148-00161400-00162584 everyone's been working so hard and if i'm not happy they'll all be disappointed 18uI8eJMJD8-00149-00162968-00163568 must be weird having a bunch of adults pressuring you to dress up in a costume 18uI8eJMJD8-00150-00163568-00164264 and act like you're having fun yeah especially my mom she always looks so 18uI8eJMJD8-00151-00164536-00165480 sad cause i'm like bummed out but i can't just pretend 18uI8eJMJD8-00152-00166248-00166576 i thought pretending was the whole idea of this thing 18uI8eJMJD8-00153-00166728-00167280 acting like you're someone else just for a little bit i guess 18uI8eJMJD8-00154-00167544-00168416 the crazy thing is sometimes pretending you're having fun can trick you into actually having fun 18uI8eJMJD8-00155-00168632-00168720 couldn't hurt to try 18uI8eJMJD8-00156-00168944-00169584 all right 18uI8eJMJD8-00157-00169640-00170984 but i don't want to do it alone you have to help me of course 18uI8eJMJD8-00158-00172072-00172680 thane or the monster slayer thanks to the gods and all the heavens you've come i am 18uI8eJMJD8-00159-00172680-00173384 in desperate need of a great hero could you be the one please tell me of your exploits 18uI8eJMJD8-00160-00173616-00173848 uh there's a bunch of stuff 18uI8eJMJD8-00161-00174080-00175184 maybe my bard can sing something about me oh sure 18uI8eJMJD8-00162-00175264-00175784 a kraken ate a city every year until it died on thanor's spear 18uI8eJMJD8-00163-00176112-00176808 my goodness so you must be thinner's bard alwyn whose songs have magical powers 18uI8eJMJD8-00164-00177056-00177896 it sounds like you are exactly the heroes i need my name is king tabor the age of monsters has 18uI8eJMJD8-00165-00177896-00178504 come upon my kingdom horrible creatures stalk the streets my people live in constant fear 18uI8eJMJD8-00166-00178592-00179104 but there's hope an ancient prophecy describes three mysterious gems 18uI8eJMJD8-00167-00179168-00179792 known as soul jewels that can save us all i need you to go search the kingdom 18uI8eJMJD8-00168-00179792-00180360 survive whatever's out there and bring me back those jewels do you understand 18uI8eJMJD8-00169-00180960-00180992 yes 18uI8eJMJD8-00170-00181240-00181744 good then you must go now my people are counting on you 18uI8eJMJD8-00171-00182048-00182272 should we start with the main road okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00172-00182480-00182616 time to find some jewels 18uI8eJMJD8-00173-00182880-00183296 so you're seriously always don't you recognize me 18uI8eJMJD8-00174-00183360-00184984 alex really saved the day gabe would be proud thanks jed 18uI8eJMJD8-00175-00188576-00188648 looking cool 18uI8eJMJD8-00176-00189096-00189184 excuse me 18uI8eJMJD8-00177-00189792-00190584 what is that it's a magic scroll we can use in fights oh 18uI8eJMJD8-00178-00191136-00191984 okay it's a wolf a dire wolf [ __ ] what do we do i think we have to fight it 18uI8eJMJD8-00179-00193832-00194088 untuned cord one damage 18uI8eJMJD8-00180-00194704-00195328 burning blade one damage and you're on fire for the next two turns 18uI8eJMJD8-00181-00195648-00195792 ah two damage 18uI8eJMJD8-00182-00196000-00196184 ah i'm still on fire 18uI8eJMJD8-00183-00196904-00197584 distortion field one sound damage for the next two turns 18uI8eJMJD8-00184-00197752-00197864 shield of courage 18uI8eJMJD8-00185-00198232-00200400 protected by shield of courage ah i'm still on fire ah my ears are ringing 18uI8eJMJD8-00186-00200400-00200432 loot 18uI8eJMJD8-00187-00200880-00201784 oh cool i learned a magic attack one damage to allies better be nice to thane or 18uI8eJMJD8-00188-00201880-00201952 let's keep going 18uI8eJMJD8-00189-00202416-00202936 what do you think this key is for maybe it unlocks something this is actually 18uI8eJMJD8-00190-00202936-00204584 really fun i know right i should probably drop in on riley and thank her in person 18uI8eJMJD8-00191-00205080-00205248 let's go to the beach 18uI8eJMJD8-00192-00205616-00207384 well now who do we have here found a school yeah 18uI8eJMJD8-00193-00207536-00207896 aren't i supposed to be the one teaching hey hey what's all this 18uI8eJMJD8-00194-00208319-00208784 knock i'm dead looks like the black lantern is part of the larp 18uI8eJMJD8-00195-00208871-00209784 for within that tavern it is quite gruesome hey let's hear your riddle there are three it 18uI8eJMJD8-00196-00209784-00210792 is said heroes long dead fashioned into soul jewels blue violet red what are their names 18uI8eJMJD8-00197-00210856-00212984 do not be misled how are we supposed to know that maybe we can look for some clue 18uI8eJMJD8-00198-00214064-00214512 it just pisses me off so bad you know the way this world is designed to make you into 18uI8eJMJD8-00199-00214512-00215088 a horrible person that's just the price we pay for safety and security i guess 18uI8eJMJD8-00200-00215392-00215784 is it are you sure 18uI8eJMJD8-00201-00215936-00216271 of course that's how it works you sharpen your teeth or you starve 18uI8eJMJD8-00202-00216704-00216823 want to look in here 18uI8eJMJD8-00203-00217032-00218584 yeah let's go in 18uI8eJMJD8-00204-00221592-00221704 what happened here 18uI8eJMJD8-00205-00222088-00222784 fellow survivors i see 18uI8eJMJD8-00206-00223823-00224664 are you hurt hardly my first monster attack i know an escape trick or two 18uI8eJMJD8-00207-00225152-00225280 do you know what this key is for 18uI8eJMJD8-00208-00225488-00225944 belong to barry the tavern keeper that's his leg over there 18uI8eJMJD8-00209-00226104-00226984 oh so if you want to try all of the locks i'm sure he won't stop you 18uI8eJMJD8-00210-00227552-00228288 let's see what we can find around here i'm a genius for convincing steph that my character 18uI8eJMJD8-00211-00228288-00229784 should be alone behind the bar all the drinks i want hmm not sure how i feel about that 18uI8eJMJD8-00212-00230032-00231184 house barred sorry stuff house barred sorry steph alwyn is pretty happy with her current gig 18uI8eJMJD8-00213-00233864-00234567 huh the thirteenth quincranial meeting of the daegu biscuit boys is hereby called to order 18uI8eJMJD8-00214-00234688-00235384 i'm sorry to announce that all six of us remain upright and above ground first point of order 18uI8eJMJD8-00215-00235448-00235792 ducky if you had to guess though about how much longer you fixing to live 18uI8eJMJD8-00216-00235896-00236592 just long enough to collect gordon not a minute longer i'll crawl grave word with your 18uI8eJMJD8-00217-00236592-00237152 shares clutched in my stiffening fingers guess lawrence is gonna need a new business advisor 18uI8eJMJD8-00218-00237336-00237984 steph thought of everything she's amazing at this here we go 18uI8eJMJD8-00219-00238064-00239584 this probably has the answer to that riddle the amount of detail in this larp is insane 18uI8eJMJD8-00220-00239760-00239816 yes 18uI8eJMJD8-00221-00240367-00240984 i see you've poured yourself some ale 18uI8eJMJD8-00222-00241719-00243784 i heard barry the tavern keeper has a son ned was very observant so barry's like 100 years old 18uI8eJMJD8-00223-00243919-00244567 how did you survive the attack well i'm not proud of it but i tripped an elderly woman 18uI8eJMJD8-00224-00244896-00245208 she had it coming stingy dishwash 18uI8eJMJD8-00225-00245960-00246584 want to tell him about our quest we're on a quest to end the age of monsters so you 18uI8eJMJD8-00226-00246671-00247560 won't have to live in fear anymore are you now let me give you something that you may find useful 18uI8eJMJD8-00227-00247776-00248223 thanks i'm gonna go ahead and guess we'll be meeting a snake 18uI8eJMJD8-00228-00248856-00249384 we're gonna keep looking around good luck 18uI8eJMJD8-00229-00249719-00249984 okay i think i checked all the compartments 18uI8eJMJD8-00230-00250208-00250784 someone knows how to keep thanor busy 18uI8eJMJD8-00231-00251296-00252184 feynor did you see this that's got to be it 18uI8eJMJD8-00232-00252976-00253584 it's one of the jewels 18uI8eJMJD8-00233-00254536-00255184 one down two to go that wasn't so bad right now i feel more confident we can find the others 18uI8eJMJD8-00234-00255280-00255544 why do you finally believe it alex is right 18uI8eJMJD8-00235-00255608-00256384 but i was just trying to have a little fun gotta pace out that fun ducky for europe 18uI8eJMJD8-00236-00256560-00257784 godspeed 18uI8eJMJD8-00237-00259800-00260584 so 18uI8eJMJD8-00238-00260912-00261104 check out what i found in that chest 18uI8eJMJD8-00239-00261352-00261984 nice work thanore 18uI8eJMJD8-00240-00262360-00263384 there was some really interesting stuff in there 18uI8eJMJD8-00241-00263496-00264248 go get em ethan i'm thanor i bet there's something fun in 18uI8eJMJD8-00242-00264248-00264784 the record store could there be something down the alley 18uI8eJMJD8-00243-00265144-00265312 why is my dead lover talking 18uI8eJMJD8-00244-00265576-00266240 shh they're here whoa is me woe is beware of river monster 18uI8eJMJD8-00245-00267216-00267584 some kind of snake i guess 18uI8eJMJD8-00246-00268944-00269288 do we have to fight it why wouldn't we 18uI8eJMJD8-00247-00270080-00270856 we could save our energy for something scarier save our scrolls too true 18uI8eJMJD8-00248-00271368-00271784 it's gonna attack what do you want to do 18uI8eJMJD8-00249-00271896-00272360 ophidian chime snakes within hearing must fall asleep 18uI8eJMJD8-00250-00272680-00273184 pretend that's a low sound snake's ears are internal so they can't hear 18uI8eJMJD8-00251-00273616-00274584 nice 18uI8eJMJD8-00252-00275360-00275416 more loot 18uI8eJMJD8-00253-00275792-00276432 all right let's make some ears bleed wait what's that 18uI8eJMJD8-00254-00277104-00277824 it's like a dragon scale or something maybe it's got magical powers let's hang on to it yeah 18uI8eJMJD8-00255-00278760-00280184 that was so smart of you to use the bell that didn't take long 18uI8eJMJD8-00256-00280824-00281584 okay we handled the river 18uI8eJMJD8-00257-00282584-00283552 work oh there i hear you what a thankless life being a smith in the age of monsters whoa 18uI8eJMJD8-00258-00283632-00284384 he's everything really into this you seem pretty um what did you need again 18uI8eJMJD8-00259-00284504-00284848 sun silver the components for sun silver 18uI8eJMJD8-00260-00285424-00285784 please knock twice 18uI8eJMJD8-00261-00286032-00286088 go for it 18uI8eJMJD8-00262-00287184-00287544 monster or mortal mortal 18uI8eJMJD8-00263-00287768-00288584 come in 18uI8eJMJD8-00264-00291336-00291720 sorry about the lock these are dangerous times 18uI8eJMJD8-00265-00291952-00292224 welcome to the magpie emporium 18uI8eJMJD8-00266-00292336-00293216 oh so this is like a magic shop i'm gonna take a look around a bit okay okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00267-00293544-00294184 let's see what stuff's done to the place 18uI8eJMJD8-00268-00295432-00295584 that actually looks legit 18uI8eJMJD8-00269-00296448-00296984 golems animation fee not included oh steph 18uI8eJMJD8-00270-00297336-00298072 spells very cute stuff are these spells for sale to members of the sorcery guild wonder 18uI8eJMJD8-00271-00298072-00298984 if they have drills for this warning cat is cursed do not pet yeah no need to warn me 18uI8eJMJD8-00272-00299408-00299944 i guess some heroes are into bards with flashy guitars but i'm glad thanor has better taste 18uI8eJMJD8-00273-00300536-00300736 seeking insight draw a card 18uI8eJMJD8-00274-00301104-00301264 what do i want inside about 18uI8eJMJD8-00275-00301992-00302584 yikes 18uI8eJMJD8-00276-00302808-00303032 i mean i hope that's true 18uI8eJMJD8-00277-00303560-00303984 you were right gabe i'm a superhero 18uI8eJMJD8-00278-00304232-00304376 steph is just awesome 18uI8eJMJD8-00279-00304728-00304936 holy [ __ ] too real 18uI8eJMJD8-00280-00305216-00305488 is that true for ryan i hope so 18uI8eJMJD8-00281-00306432-00306728 dude i hear you but a combat-based system with 18uI8eJMJD8-00282-00306728-00307096 no social mechanics is like my [ __ ] nightmare are you 18uI8eJMJD8-00283-00307408-00308232 hey precious where did you come from are you the one i've been hearing in the walls 18uI8eJMJD8-00284-00308232-00308848 smart ass there's a cat outside the shop dude i don't know she doesn't have a collar 18uI8eJMJD8-00285-00309024-00309776 yeah i'll call pike when alex said i'm hot did she mean it or was she just messing around 18uI8eJMJD8-00286-00309776-00310376 never seen steph feel this way before maybe i could reassure her she's always so confident 18uI8eJMJD8-00287-00310632-00311592 the soul sapphire's right there for sale 10 000 gold okay obviously there's some other way to get 18uI8eJMJD8-00288-00311592-00312624 this the streets used to be full of people 18uI8eJMJD8-00289-00313144-00313784 why is this 10 000 gold would you consider giving us that sapphire 18uI8eJMJD8-00290-00314168-00314480 in exchange for something far more valuable 18uI8eJMJD8-00291-00314792-00315528 my hand in marriage and all of its associated benefits 18uI8eJMJD8-00292-00315784-00316584 and you should know i wouldn't offer if i didn't mean it 18uI8eJMJD8-00293-00317208-00317984 uh i mean oh man this just got real 18uI8eJMJD8-00294-00318184-00318768 i'd be lying if i said i wasn't intrigued but i'm afraid i can't accept 18uI8eJMJD8-00295-00319008-00319384 for now 18uI8eJMJD8-00296-00319552-00320192 we need the sapphire right away it's for a quest to end the age of monsters 18uI8eJMJD8-00297-00320664-00321208 i've heard there's a magical fish that lives in the river of sorrows 18uI8eJMJD8-00298-00321344-00322184 bring me back one of its scales and i'll give you the sapphire in return 18uI8eJMJD8-00299-00322944-00323600 one magic fish scale impressive 18uI8eJMJD8-00300-00323600-00323624 well 18uI8eJMJD8-00301-00323848-00324984 then here's my end of the bargain 18uI8eJMJD8-00302-00325896-00326384 only one more jewel left getting there 18uI8eJMJD8-00303-00326760-00327784 do you think we'll run into any trolls three gold please 18uI8eJMJD8-00304-00328920-00329184 man my dating life could have used 18uI8eJMJD8-00305-00338712-00338984 how does steph come up with all these names 18uI8eJMJD8-00306-00339496-00340384 i do i do i do i do maybe when ethan's not around 18uI8eJMJD8-00307-00345144-00345800 listen here since you two already defeated this hey we found the components of sun silver 18uI8eJMJD8-00308-00345912-00346192 it's iron goblin ore and fire powder 18uI8eJMJD8-00309-00346400-00346632 praise the gods of course 18uI8eJMJD8-00310-00346744-00347480 how could i forget why don't you take that scroll for your kindness i've no need of it 18uI8eJMJD8-00311-00347952-00348784 got another scroll cool 18uI8eJMJD8-00312-00349024-00350272 one two three i control me one two three i control me this book is written for [ __ ] toddlers 18uI8eJMJD8-00313-00350400-00351584 nothing like getting pissed off at your anger management book 18uI8eJMJD8-00314-00352288-00353144 you see i warned you not can we hear that riddle again please there are three it is said 18uI8eJMJD8-00315-00353200-00354384 heroes long dead fashioned into soul jewels blue violet red what are their names do not be misled 18uI8eJMJD8-00316-00354728-00354992 ready to answer i'll say it once more 18uI8eJMJD8-00317-00355216-00356176 there are three it is said heroes long dead fashioned into soul jewels blue violet red 18uI8eJMJD8-00318-00356336-00356632 what are their names do not be misled 18uI8eJMJD8-00319-00356952-00357184 their names are 18uI8eJMJD8-00320-00357552-00358392 the answer is neera desus and belen you solved the riddle you've been told your prize a useful 18uI8eJMJD8-00321-00358392-00359640 hint behold to bribe that deadly troll of old you have to pay four coins of gold four coins got it 18uI8eJMJD8-00322-00359840-00360416 ah there's more because you've solved my verse you may take one gold from my purse 18uI8eJMJD8-00323-00360840-00361384 thanks 18uI8eJMJD8-00324-00363064-00363088 sorry 18uI8eJMJD8-00325-00363312-00364184 did you you say she stole your crochet 18uI8eJMJD8-00326-00365160-00365856 we're like master scroll seekers yup i wonder how riley's doing with the usb 18uI8eJMJD8-00327-00365992-00366984 that run felt amazing i'm so proud of myself wow good for her mind if i duck in here a second 18uI8eJMJD8-00328-00367248-00368384 i have to talk to riley about a real life thing i promise i'll be quick sure take your time 18uI8eJMJD8-00329-00375656-00375712 hey there 18uI8eJMJD8-00330-00376688-00376984 i could ask riley how progress is going with the usb 18uI8eJMJD8-00331-00377240-00377832 nana's such a good person she doesn't deserve any of this and neither does riley 18uI8eJMJD8-00332-00377960-00378616 any luck with the usb no not yet it's gonna take hours if we're lucky 18uI8eJMJD8-00333-00378744-00379584 oh if you want to check it out it's running on the office computer but don't touch anything okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00334-00379664-00380288 thank you so much for doing this you don't have to thank me it's the least i could do for gabe 18uI8eJMJD8-00335-00380760-00381184 and honestly it's a nice distraction for me right now 18uI8eJMJD8-00336-00381800-00382384 is something going on with eleanor 18uI8eJMJD8-00337-00382472-00382680 i found out nana has been sick 18uI8eJMJD8-00338-00382952-00383392 she has alzheimer's oh wow 18uI8eJMJD8-00339-00383648-00383888 anyway let's talk about something else 18uI8eJMJD8-00340-00384368-00385184 how's mac doing 18uI8eJMJD8-00341-00385464-00385584 i haven't seen him in a while 18uI8eJMJD8-00342-00386024-00386608 oh he's around 18uI8eJMJD8-00343-00386608-00386736 he's been a life saver 18uI8eJMJD8-00344-00386936-00387640 mack has yeah he really stepped it up for me and nana i'm actually glad we're still together 18uI8eJMJD8-00345-00387864-00387984 that's good 18uI8eJMJD8-00346-00388464-00389104 are you still going to school oh no i turned them down 18uI8eJMJD8-00347-00389368-00389576 nana told me not to but she's going to need help 18uI8eJMJD8-00348-00390232-00390816 that must have been a hard decision no i knew what i had to do 18uI8eJMJD8-00349-00391016-00391312 what's hard is dealing with the disappointment 18uI8eJMJD8-00350-00391968-00392432 let's talk later i'll let you know if i make any progress thanks again 18uI8eJMJD8-00351-00393144-00393584 i want to feel happy for riley but i just ugh 18uI8eJMJD8-00352-00394128-00394984 so eleanor's donating all those decorations 18uI8eJMJD8-00353-00398488-00399184 so 18uI8eJMJD8-00354-00399488-00399712 i wonder what we'll find at the bridge of flowers 18uI8eJMJD8-00355-00399968-00400584 that run felt amazing i'm so proud of myself 18uI8eJMJD8-00356-00401920-00401984 oh 18uI8eJMJD8-00357-00402376-00403448 oh [ __ ] troll incoming he's got a soul jewel right there oh you like my belt 18uI8eJMJD8-00358-00403632-00403832 it's made of human skin 18uI8eJMJD8-00359-00404160-00404784 a bird what do you think we should do 18uI8eJMJD8-00360-00404920-00406184 troll dust dusted trolls become very friendly one pinch per troll no no don't you dare just oh 18uI8eJMJD8-00361-00407296-00408432 visitors i love visitors can i can i get you anything uh a glass of marshwater slug chips 18uI8eJMJD8-00362-00408696-00408984 how about that jewel on your belt 18uI8eJMJD8-00363-00409456-00409480 sure 18uI8eJMJD8-00364-00410112-00410384 anything else 18uI8eJMJD8-00365-00410688-00411056 we're on a quest anything you can do to help us out 18uI8eJMJD8-00366-00411447-00411784 i could teach you to fight like me 18uI8eJMJD8-00367-00412016-00412072 there you go 18uI8eJMJD8-00368-00412808-00413184 that was quick 18uI8eJMJD8-00369-00413400-00413688 why don't you say something nice about each of us 18uI8eJMJD8-00370-00414272-00415008 you put a great deal of thoughtfulness and care into everything you do and you 18uI8eJMJD8-00371-00415416-00415616 see deep into the hearts of people 18uI8eJMJD8-00372-00415832-00416112 but you don't let that stop you from believing in them 18uI8eJMJD8-00373-00416664-00416960 this troll is emo yeah 18uI8eJMJD8-00374-00417192-00417384 i think that's all we need right 18uI8eJMJD8-00375-00417616-00417839 come visit again anytime 18uI8eJMJD8-00376-00418192-00418447 we've got all three we can go back to the 18uI8eJMJD8-00377-00418696-00419288 we can go back to the king now yep okay that troll is scary 18uI8eJMJD8-00378-00419343-00420272 i admit it nothing to admit it's just facts even after you used the dust he was still scary 18uI8eJMJD8-00379-00420480-00421584 seemed like so long ago 18uI8eJMJD8-00380-00422943-00424384 they say you sorry we gotta get back to our quest 18uI8eJMJD8-00381-00425576-00426216 i swung over the top once no way prove it i'll give you a dollar if you can 18uI8eJMJD8-00382-00426488-00427343 i did i don't have to prove it i'm gonna tell my mom you called me a liar do it dude i dare you 18uI8eJMJD8-00383-00427712-00428584 oh my god it's my mom feynor the monster slayer you've come at last 18uI8eJMJD8-00384-00428712-00429616 do you remember me from your past adventures you're netheria the forest spirit you have done 18uI8eJMJD8-00385-00429616-00431384 well on your quest the force notices she offers a treasure for you to claim look there what is that 18uI8eJMJD8-00386-00432032-00432120 the sky sword 18uI8eJMJD8-00387-00432352-00432808 it's the sky sword of power it's exactly the same as i draw in the comics 18uI8eJMJD8-00388-00432960-00434184 it's got the pincer and the same grip and it's got this part for the jewels how do they do it 18uI8eJMJD8-00389-00434256-00434416 can i really take it 18uI8eJMJD8-00390-00434856-00435584 promise me you'll only use it for good helping others and stuff like that okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00391-00440120-00441184 so 18uI8eJMJD8-00392-00443192-00443984 bard a song if you please 18uI8eJMJD8-00393-00444520-00445384 the prophecy is fulfilled at last nothing or smite is unsurpassed 18uI8eJMJD8-00394-00445520-00446784 ah 18uI8eJMJD8-00395-00448032-00448184 uh 18uI8eJMJD8-00396-00449096-00449584 i'll take that sword now and the jewels 18uI8eJMJD8-00397-00449696-00450184 lord of the underworld i should have known king tabor was you all along 18uI8eJMJD8-00398-00450239-00450984 you fools you have collected the jewels i need and brought them right to me 18uI8eJMJD8-00399-00451352-00452384 you're wrong the jewels are now part of the weapon that will slay you give them to me 18uI8eJMJD8-00400-00453712-00453816 distortion field 18uI8eJMJD8-00401-00454743-00455224 fire blast 18uI8eJMJD8-00402-00455224-00455392 sorry worth it 18uI8eJMJD8-00403-00455768-00455792 ah 18uI8eJMJD8-00404-00456200-00456584 that sound it rattles my skull 18uI8eJMJD8-00405-00457296-00458000 stirring him 18uI8eJMJD8-00406-00458000-00458112 burning blade 18uI8eJMJD8-00407-00458568-00458720 ring of fire no 18uI8eJMJD8-00408-00459312-00459432 curse this fire 18uI8eJMJD8-00409-00459743-00460056 that sound it rattles my skull 18uI8eJMJD8-00410-00460743-00460864 shield of courage 18uI8eJMJD8-00411-00461184-00461432 i summon the fury of hell 18uI8eJMJD8-00412-00461743-00462184 death to all who defy me 18uI8eJMJD8-00413-00462760-00462872 curse this fire 18uI8eJMJD8-00414-00464288-00464984 scroll of healing 18uI8eJMJD8-00415-00465824-00466384 burning blade 18uI8eJMJD8-00416-00466496-00466528 ah 18uI8eJMJD8-00417-00466960-00467080 curse this fire 18uI8eJMJD8-00418-00467560-00467784 distortion field 18uI8eJMJD8-00419-00468568-00469216 strike of wrath 18uI8eJMJD8-00420-00469216-00469639 volcanic flame you're now on fire 18uI8eJMJD8-00421-00469904-00470984 curse this fire oh that sound it rattles my skull oh taking fire damage 18uI8eJMJD8-00422-00471520-00471984 scroll of advantage 18uI8eJMJD8-00423-00472512-00473384 distortion field 18uI8eJMJD8-00424-00473720-00473832 burning blade 18uI8eJMJD8-00425-00474552-00474784 horus harmony 18uI8eJMJD8-00426-00477032-00477584 we did it i can't believe what just happened 18uI8eJMJD8-00427-00477880-00478247 oh my god that was so much fun even more than i expected 18uI8eJMJD8-00428-00478535-00478984 yeah but the best part was finding 18uI8eJMJD8-00429-00480152-00481456 [ __ ] gabe's dead it's dead cause of me it's my fault i killed gabe i killed gabe i killed gabe 18uI8eJMJD8-00430-00481624-00481784 ethan 18uI8eJMJD8-00431-00482520-00483184 listen to me it wasn't your fault at all 18uI8eJMJD8-00432-00483432-00483656 it wasn't okay 18uI8eJMJD8-00433-00483864-00484584 it wasn't 18uI8eJMJD8-00434-00485576-00485584 you