-PxjNsbHkFk-00000-00000105-00000305 okey guys -PxjNsbHkFk-00001-00000305-00000404 ok guys -PxjNsbHkFk-00002-00000404-00000549 sO we HAve tHIS ShopPING CART -PxjNsbHkFk-00003-00000549-00000717 AND THIS BASKET* -PxjNsbHkFk-00004-00000717-00000876 AND THE COUNTER -PxjNsbHkFk-00005-00000894-00000944 subscribe -PxjNsbHkFk-00006-00000978-00001174 and wE HAVE THIS SHELF HERE.. -PxjNsbHkFk-00007-00001196-00001255 its uh -PxjNsbHkFk-00008-00001255-00001305 ... -PxjNsbHkFk-00009-00001305-00001369 uhh -PxjNsbHkFk-00010-00001369-00001469 gonna be great :D -PxjNsbHkFk-00011-00001469-00001519 uhh -PxjNsbHkFk-00012-00001535-00001605 cOMING SOON -PxjNsbHkFk-00013-00001726-00001959 BLACK FRIDAY EXPERIENCE! -PxjNsbHkFk-00014-00002049-00002168 THE COUNTER. -PxjNsbHkFk-00015-00002191-00002277 AND THIS! -PxjNsbHkFk-00016-00002303-00002493 COMING SOON GUYS -PxjNsbHkFk-00017-00002509-00002579 coming soon -PxjNsbHkFk-00018-00002629-00002699 coming soon -PxjNsbHkFk-00019-00002814-00002929 BLACK FRIDAY -PxjNsbHkFk-00020-00002929-00002979 EXPERIENCE -PxjNsbHkFk-00021-00003107-00003158 OK -QW4XlUtPgk-00000-00001252-00001372 Beylikduzu -QW4XlUtPgk-00001-00001528-00001753 This area is considered one of the areas that can be classified -QW4XlUtPgk-00002-00001753-00002205 One of the best places in Istanbul is the European section -QW4XlUtPgk-00003-00002731-00002970 One of its features is its presence on B-5 Street -QW4XlUtPgk-00004-00003121-00003540 Which is one of the most important streets of Istanbul -QW4XlUtPgk-00005-00003567-00003954 But there are many things that distinguish Beylikduzu -QW4XlUtPgk-00006-00003986-00004467 The most important of them is its presence on the Sea of Marmara -QW4XlUtPgk-00007-00004467-00004600 Imagine yourself in Istanbul -QW4XlUtPgk-00008-00004600-00004938 Close to the sea and in the European section -QW4XlUtPgk-00009-00004938-00005138 In a completely modern area -QW4XlUtPgk-00010-00005138-00005455 actually that An encouraging event -QW4XlUtPgk-00011-00005913-00006400 Twenty years ago, people used to come to Beylikduzu for a barbecue -QW4XlUtPgk-00012-00006507-00006880 When there were buildings and residential complexes inside it -QW4XlUtPgk-00013-00006880-00007445 This means that buildings and complexes are located within natural areas and forests -QW4XlUtPgk-00014-00007445-00007992 So it's one of the most beautiful places to live -QW4XlUtPgk-00015-00007992-00008267 In Istanbul European Section -QW4XlUtPgk-00016-00008451-00008739 Here we will introduce you to one of our projects in this region -QW4XlUtPgk-00017-00008739-00008966 It is the project of" Yasham Marin" -QW4XlUtPgk-00018-00009431-00009986 The name of the project (Yasham Marin) means a lot of details about it -QW4XlUtPgk-00019-00009986-00010158 Yasham means life -QW4XlUtPgk-00020-00010158-00010470 Marin means Marina means port -QW4XlUtPgk-00021-00010526-00011043 It's like living near the sea -QW4XlUtPgk-00022-00011334-00011788 The word Marina in Turkish means the place where you park yachts -QW4XlUtPgk-00023-00011822-00012676 Yasham Marine means living in luxury in a place by the sea -QW4XlUtPgk-00024-00012676-00012904 Here we are talking about the project of Yasham Marine -QW4XlUtPgk-00025-00012904-00013104 Which has become a project Turkey Dreams Apartment -QW4XlUtPgk-00026-00013104-00013465 You can see the project, its pros and cons -QW4XlUtPgk-00027-00013465-00013665 And all its details -QW4XlUtPgk-00028-00013685-00014123 On YouTube on our channel Turkey Dreams Apartment | KAMIRAN -W-L5_6_YRI-00000-00000024-00000604 So we’re a cross-partisan anti-corruption organization working to unrig the system, -W-L5_6_YRI-00001-00000604-00001028 so that way the government works for regular people and not special interests. -W-L5_6_YRI-00002-00001028-00001157 You need a jingle. -W-L5_6_YRI-00003-00001157-00001257 Exactly. -W-L5_6_YRI-00004-00001257-00001357 A jingle? -W-L5_6_YRI-00005-00001357-00001602 Ok, a song -- that could be nice. -W-L5_6_YRI-00006-00001602-00001814 Can I borrow this banjo? -W-L5_6_YRI-00007-00001814-00002634 I found this on the ground. -W-L5_6_YRI-00008-00003124-00003694 Oh, the government’s trying to throw you off the bus. -W-L5_6_YRI-00009-00003715-00004234 ‘Cause all the ever wanna do is make them bucks. -W-L5_6_YRI-00010-00004244-00004840 Well you can try to beat by joinin’ Represent Us -W-L5_6_YRI-00011-00004922-00005464 Cause politicians don’t really give a fuuu--- -W-L5_6_YRI-00012-00005464-00005640 Whoa whoa whoa. -W-L5_6_YRI-00013-00005640-00006296 Daaaaarrrrnnn -W-L5_6_YRI-00014-00009216-00009460 That was awesome! -W-L5_6_YRI-00015-00009460-00009660 So you guys’ll work with us, then? -W-L5_6_YRI-00016-00009764-00009866 No, I don’t think so. -W-L5_6_YRI-00017-00009866-00010003 I’m going to say no as well. -W-L5_6_YRI-00018-00010003-00010103 Yeah. -W-L5_6_YRI-00019-00010103-00010314 It’s not for us. -W-L5_6_YRI-00020-00010568-00010830 Imma keep this guitar. -W-L5_6_YRI-00021-00011666-00012028 Basically, Jack and I have a sex tape. -W-L5_6_YRI-00022-00012028-00012220 And it might come out. -W-L5_6_YRI-00023-00012220-00012378 So you need to get ahead of it? -W-L5_6_YRI-00024-00012378-00012626 We need to get ahead of it. -W-L5_6_YRI-00025-00012626-00012676 Ok. -W-L5_6_YRI-00026-00012941-00013187 Conservatives and liberals working together. -W-L5_6_YRI-00027-00013187-00013287 They hate each other. -W-L5_6_YRI-00028-00013287-00013603 Like bears hate trash that’s tied up in a bag up too high to reach. -W-L5_6_YRI-00029-00013603-00013734 Hate is hot. -W-L5_6_YRI-00030-00013734-00013841 Like bear trash. -W-L5_6_YRI-00031-00013841-00013988 When I hate I feel alive. -W-L5_6_YRI-00032-00013988-00014133 Like trash for a bear. -W-L5_6_YRI-00033-00014133-00014281 I really don’t see what bears... -W-L5_6_YRI-00034-00014281-00014383 The bear trash stuff? -W-L5_6_YRI-00035-00014383-00014715 I’m sorry I just went camping last week and you have to tie your trash up. -W-L5_6_YRI-00036-00014715-00015405 What’s good, I’ve noticed, is taking the hallucinogen before the charity pitch meeting. -W-L5_6_YRI-00037-00015405-00015625 It’s always helpful! -W-L5_6_YRI-00038-00015625-00015785 I wouldn’t be here without it. -W-L5_6_YRI-00039-00015785-00016002 The fingers of justice. -W-L5_6_YRI-00040-00016002-00016141 Buttcheeks. -W-L5_6_YRI-00041-00016386-00016616 I dunno what that has to do with it. -W-L5_6_YRI-00042-00016616-00016752 You wanna get some lunch? -W-L5_6_YRI-00043-00016753-00016902 I can’t I got a big bucket of soup in the car. -W-L5_6_YRI-00044-00016902-00017046 Oh, how many spoons you got? -W-L5_6_YRI-00045-00017046-00017146 Two. -W-L5_6_YRI-00046-00017146-00017246 I’ll see you in your car! -W-L5_6_YRI-00047-00017494-00017640 I want some soup now, too. -XwTeWpQSgI-00000-00000003-00000420 So now that we have a better understanding of what physics is, how can -XwTeWpQSgI-00001-00000420-00000851 we actually use all of this physics? As I mentioned earlier in this video, we'll -XwTeWpQSgI-00002-00000851-00001119 learn about Newton's law of universal gravitation in the form of a -XwTeWpQSgI-00003-00001119-00001661 mathematical equation. Now why is a mathematical equation so important to -XwTeWpQSgI-00004-00001661-00002049 understanding physics? And why do we spend so much time learning about the -XwTeWpQSgI-00005-00002049-00002466 equation for Newton's law of universal gravitation? Well ultimately this -XwTeWpQSgI-00006-00002466-00002850 equation is a tool that allows us to understand and predict how gravity -XwTeWpQSgI-00007-00002850-00003369 affects the world. Lots of things are affected by gravity and Newton's law of -XwTeWpQSgI-00008-00003369-00003896 universal gravitation allows us to model these effects. If we can quantify the -XwTeWpQSgI-00009-00003896-00004293 rules that the world around us seems to follow, we can use these rules to -XwTeWpQSgI-00010-00004293-00004860 manipulate our environment. For example, we can work out how objects fall on the -XwTeWpQSgI-00011-00004860-00005586 earth, how ramps affect the motion of objects, -XwTeWpQSgI-00012-00005612-00006278 how a banked track makes a vehicle go faster, how objects in space pull and -XwTeWpQSgI-00013-00006278-00006768 orbit each other, how far away a satellite should be (in order) to be in a useful -XwTeWpQSgI-00014-00006768-00007454 orbit and what happens when there are multiple objects pulling on each other? -XwTeWpQSgI-00015-00007506-00007892 These are some of the topics we'll cover in the course, but there's a big -XwTeWpQSgI-00016-00007892-00008198 difference between understanding the concept of gravity which is that -XwTeWpQSgI-00017-00008198-00008549 things with mass attract each other and knowing how Newton's law of universal -XwTeWpQSgI-00018-00008549-00009146 gravitation works. Without a mathematical model it's very difficult to make -XwTeWpQSgI-00019-00009146-00009569 specific and testable predictions. But similarly without understanding the -XwTeWpQSgI-00020-00009569-00010001 concept of gravity, then Newton's law of universal gravitation is just an -XwTeWpQSgI-00021-00010001-00010418 equation with some random parameters in it. We need to use both physics concepts -XwTeWpQSgI-00022-00010418-00010958 and equations to truly understand and use physics. In the next video we'll be -XwTeWpQSgI-00023-00010958-00011351 introduced to the form of this equation for the first time. But keep in mind that -XwTeWpQSgI-00024-00011351-00011726 the equation is powerful because it can explain a lot of the physical behaviour -XwTeWpQSgI-00025-00011726-00012295 we observe and ultimately how our universe works. -YToo5jkDJU-00000-00000229-00000949 I would start coming out of the chemo probably like Friday night into Saturday. -YToo5jkDJU-00001-00000949-00001288 But then the cycle starts all over again. -YToo5jkDJU-00002-00001288-00002057 I mean, I estimate that my care has cost over $100,000 by this point. -YToo5jkDJU-00003-00002057-00002753 That includes medication, doctor visits, the chemotherapy, the surgery, CAT scans, colonoscopies. -YToo5jkDJU-00004-00003097-00003358 It happened around 1 o'clock in the afternoon I believe. -YToo5jkDJU-00005-00003358-00003948 I got a call from my gastroenterologist and he said, "Well, I have some bad news here, -YToo5jkDJU-00006-00003948-00004411 the test came back to show it's malignant... it's cancer." -YToo5jkDJU-00007-00004411-00004592 He said to me, "Do you know what to do next?" -YToo5jkDJU-00008-00004592-00004867 I said, "No, I really don't." -YToo5jkDJU-00009-00004867-00005089 For nine years I had no health insurance. -YToo5jkDJU-00010-00005089-00005803 I had access to healthcare through free clinics and I was thankful for that, but when you -YToo5jkDJU-00011-00005803-00006373 receive a cancer diagnosis I'm not sure if the free clinics would have the resources to -YToo5jkDJU-00012-00006373-00006642 treat you for that. -YToo5jkDJU-00013-00006642-00007350 In March of 2015, I qualified for health insurance when Governor Tom Wolf accepted the expanded -YToo5jkDJU-00014-00007350-00007720 Medicaid funding under the Affordable Care Act. -YToo5jkDJU-00015-00007720-00008240 In my situation it was very dire having a cancer diagnosis, but you could simply be -YToo5jkDJU-00016-00008240-00008510 driving down the street and get into a car accident. -YToo5jkDJU-00017-00008510-00009136 If you don't have health insurance you could be in a lot of trouble financially. -YToo5jkDJU-00018-00009136-00009535 Even though I'm done with chemo, I'm still under 5 years of surveillance from my oncology -YToo5jkDJU-00019-00009535-00010332 doctors, which means more doctor visits, more colonoscopies, more CAT scans, more blood work... -YToo5jkDJU-00020-00010332-00010800 I can't afford to pay for that out of pocket, I simply can't. -YToo5jkDJU-00021-00010800-00011323 You have a group of legislators who want to rip away health care from 30 million Americans. -YToo5jkDJU-00022-00011323-00011752 As long as I'm still here, as long as I'm still alive, I'm going to continue fight this. -YToo5jkDJU-00023-00011752-00012093 People’s lives are depending on the Affordable Care Act. -d2AOYgjGoM-00000-00035323-00035523 I had an idea for ꧁ K̶i̶l̶l̶s̶ ꧂ how to about a continuation of this video like this, only with them "Sarah and Chans" as they have there, it will be interesting to see it -iqwypOGhfM-00038-00011066-00011116 నందుల సిస్టర్స్ -iLdSSmvjjI-00000-00000000-00000262 DOWNLOAD THIS FREE NBA YOUNGBOY AT: stoopidlou.com -jeOhO1AHTc-00000-00000059-00000288 An explosion in the West Village? -jeOhO1AHTc-00001-00000310-00000700 Radon in my apartment? -jeOhO1AHTc-00002-00000848-00001373 The Spectra pipeline is a high-pressure gas pipeline. It's nearly three feet in diameter, -jeOhO1AHTc-00003-00001373-00001797 and this pipeline will carry fracked gas into New York homes and businesses. -jeOhO1AHTc-00004-00001797-00002398 Fracking is an extreme method of gas extraction which has been shown to pollute the water and air. -jeOhO1AHTc-00005-00002400-00002597 In places where drilling has happened -jeOhO1AHTc-00006-00002600-00003160 some homeowners have actually been able to set their faucets on fire. -jeOhO1AHTc-00007-00003165-00003697 The Spectra pipeline will carry this fracked gas and enter Manhattan under the Hudson River Park at Gansevoort Street. -jeOhO1AHTc-00008-00003700-00004287 The builder of the pipeline, Spectra Energy has a dismal safety record. -jeOhO1AHTc-00009-00004287-00004819 Spectra has paid tens of millions of dollars in fines for safety violations -jeOhO1AHTc-00010-00004819-00005271 including toxic chemical spills, leaks and explosions. -jeOhO1AHTc-00011-00005281-00005481 A pipeline of similar size and pressure -jeOhO1AHTc-00012-00005500-00005811 blew up in San Bruno, California. -jeOhO1AHTc-00013-00005811-00006299 The blast killed eight people and burned down thirty-eight homes. -jeOhO1AHTc-00014-00006299-00006618 Can you imagine this happening in the in the West Village? -jeOhO1AHTc-00015-00006618-00006870 The risk of an explosion is just one of many concerns. -jeOhO1AHTc-00016-00006900-00007433 The Spectra pipeline will carry fracked gas from Marcellus shale. -jeOhO1AHTc-00017-00007433-00007800 This rock formation also has the exceedingly high concentrations of radon. -jeOhO1AHTc-00018-00007840-00008287 Radon is the number one cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. -jeOhO1AHTc-00019-00008312-00008815 The Spectra pipeline could deliver gas to your home with high levels of radon. -jeOhO1AHTc-00020-00008815-00009310 Until now, our gas has come from distant sources where radon levels are low. -jeOhO1AHTc-00021-00009320-00009731 The Spectra pipeline was approved against the will of the community. -jeOhO1AHTc-00022-00009731-00010002 Five thousand comments were filed against it. -jeOhO1AHTc-00023-00010002-00010457 Construction is already under away with completion slated for this fall. -jeOhO1AHTc-00024-00010457-00010845 But we're determined to stop it before gas flows through it. -jeOhO1AHTc-00025-00010845-00011070 Forward this video to friends and family. -jeOhO1AHTc-00026-00011070-00011400 Call your city and state representatives now -jeOhO1AHTc-00027-00011420-00011868 Tell them to prohibit any increase of radon trade on in the gas that utilities supply. -jeOhO1AHTc-00028-00011868-00012147 For more information and ways to become involved, -jeOhO1AHTc-00029-00012147-00012398 please visit Occupy the Pipeline dot com. -jX0dzlaIfu-00000-00000000-00000448 Today i'm talking about whether you should get life health and income insurance -jX0dzlaIfu-00001-00000448-00000544 when buying a house -jX0dzlaIfu-00002-00001256-00001744 the answer is of course that it's very much an individual choice as to what cover you get but -jX0dzlaIfu-00003-00001744-00002328 as your home is likely your biggest asset we see huge value in protecting your ability to retain -jX0dzlaIfu-00004-00002328-00002936 your home in the event of illness or death in the family so we encourage anyone buying a house to -jX0dzlaIfu-00005-00002936-00003504 look into these insurances and make an informed decision with the help of an insurance broker -jX0dzlaIfu-00006-00003504-00003968 if you already have insurance and you're buying a house it's a good time to review your cover -jX0dzlaIfu-00007-00003968-00004448 and make sure it's still fit for purpose going through an insurance broker rather than directly -jX0dzlaIfu-00008-00004448-00004992 to an insurance provider means the focus is on finding the best solution for you rather than just -jX0dzlaIfu-00009-00004992-00005592 being sold products from a particular company look for an insurance broker that is solutions focused -jX0dzlaIfu-00010-00005592-00006224 and who takes the time to get to know you and your situation in a way and a time that works for you -jX0dzlaIfu-00011-00006224-00006848 the solution should be tailored and be affordable and feasible long term meaning the broker works -jX0dzlaIfu-00012-00006848-00007368 with you to adapt your cover through every age and stage the mantra our in-house advisors live -jX0dzlaIfu-00013-00007368-00007968 by is that a broker should be confident enough in their process to be able to front up at claim time -jX0dzlaIfu-00014-00007968-00008488 knowing they can get you the outcome that you need because they've done the research for you when a -jX0dzlaIfu-00015-00008488-00008984 broker recommends a provider to you we suggest you ask them to provide you with the claim statistics -jX0dzlaIfu-00016-00008984-00009464 for that provider this will show you how often the provider pays out against claims submitted -jX0dzlaIfu-00017-00009464-00009976 ask about the company's financial stability rating and any scenarios that will mean the cover doesn't -jX0dzlaIfu-00018-00009976-00010504 get paid out at the end of the day the question of what insurance to have and how much cover to -jX0dzlaIfu-00019-00010504-00011128 get is incredibly personal and can only be decided by you brokers are there to give you information -jX0dzlaIfu-00020-00011184-00011752 options and advice but it comes down to what you want to do a good broker won't try to talk -jX0dzlaIfu-00021-00011752-00012288 you into anything but rather talk you through the process and make sure you're well informed -jX0dzlaIfu-00022-00012288-00012784 when making your decisions if you've got insurance questions get in touch with us we're happy to help -kGWUDxiFOA-00000-00001857-00002747 Hello, and welcome to today’s lecture on control hazards. Before I do that let us have -kGWUDxiFOA-00001-00002747-00003518 a quick recap of various types of dependences and hazards which we have discussed the last -kGWUDxiFOA-00002-00003518-00004205 couple of lectures. We have seen that the dependences can be broadly divided into 2 -kGWUDxiFOA-00003-00004205-00005155 categories data dependences and control dependences. And the data dependences again can be divided -kGWUDxiFOA-00004-00005155-00006062 into 2 broad categories. First one is a true data dependences and which leads to read data -kGWUDxiFOA-00005-00006062-00006673 type of hazards. And we have discussed various techniques by which you can overcome these -kGWUDxiFOA-00006-00006673-00007314 true data dependences by using hardware and software means we have seen we can use hot -kGWUDxiFOA-00007-00007314-00007886 providing. You can use instruction scheduling, static instruction scheduling, dynamic instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00008-00007886-00008490 scheduling by hardware. And by that you can overcome read after write type of hazards -kGWUDxiFOA-00009-00008490-00009228 arising out of true data dependence. Similarly, we have discussed about name dependences -kGWUDxiFOA-00010-00009228-00009810 having 2 different verities; one is known as output dependences. And second one is known -kGWUDxiFOA-00011-00009810-00010563 as anti dependences and output dependences lead to read after write type of hazards. -kGWUDxiFOA-00012-00010563-00011234 And anti dependences lead to write after read type of hazards and these 2 types of hazards -kGWUDxiFOA-00013-00011234-00011904 can be overcome by using resistor in a main. And we have seen how resistor in a main can -kGWUDxiFOA-00014-00011904-00012679 be done by the compiler or by the hardware as it has been done in thamosilous algorithm. -kGWUDxiFOA-00015-00012679-00013800 So, this is how the data dependences tackled and hazards are arising out of data dependences -kGWUDxiFOA-00016-00013800-00014426 can be overcome by different techniques so far we have concentrated on data dependences -kGWUDxiFOA-00017-00014426-00014982 and overcoming the hazards arising out of data dependences. Now, we shall focus on control -kGWUDxiFOA-00018-00014982-00015923 dependences we have seen control dependences lead to control hazards and in simple terms. -kGWUDxiFOA-00019-00015923-00016576 We can discuss about control dependence, we can tell about control dependences in this -kGWUDxiFOA-00020-00016576-00017132 way control hazards also occurred due to instruction changing the program counter. We have seen -kGWUDxiFOA-00021-00017132-00017900 the program counter keeps track of the instruction to the executed next that is program counter -kGWUDxiFOA-00022-00017900-00019251 holds the adds up the next instruction. And this particularly when there are branches -kGWUDxiFOA-00023-00019251-00019778 this program counter has to may not be known immediately. And I has been count that control -kGWUDxiFOA-00024-00019778-00020254 hazards cause a better performance loss than do data hazards. -kGWUDxiFOA-00025-00020254-00021294 So, data hazards sometimes leads to some losses we have to introduce loss, but it has been -kGWUDxiFOA-00026-00021294-00022057 count that control hazards are more and leads more performance loss. So, we have to focus -kGWUDxiFOA-00027-00022057-00022731 attention to control hazards. And we have to see how they are impact can be minimized -kGWUDxiFOA-00028-00022731-00023687 they are the loss can be reduced we know that a branch can be can have 2 outcomes. Number -kGWUDxiFOA-00029-00023687-00024432 one is known as taken, another one is not taken that means whenever you have got a branch -kGWUDxiFOA-00030-00024432-00025082 instruction there are 2 possibilities in case of taken you have to generate a new address -kGWUDxiFOA-00031-00025082-00025569 that means in case of taken branches. -kGWUDxiFOA-00032-00025569-00026472 Effective address you check the address is equal to program counter plus that immediate -kGWUDxiFOA-00033-00026472-00027016 data that is available as the part of the instruction added with the program counter -kGWUDxiFOA-00034-00027016-00027706 and effective address is generated. And this is the address where it will be generate the -kGWUDxiFOA-00035-00027706-00028181 instruction execution fruit starts this program counter has to be loaded by this effective -kGWUDxiFOA-00036-00028181-00028962 address basically has to be loaded by this part. Another possibility is that not taken -kGWUDxiFOA-00037-00028962-00029631 that means this the branch may not take the condition may not be satisfied in such case -kGWUDxiFOA-00038-00029631-00030131 the program counter is essentially the address of the next instruction. -kGWUDxiFOA-00039-00030131-00030925 As we know it is equal to P C plus 4 because instructions are 4 bytes. So, the next address -kGWUDxiFOA-00040-00030925-00031901 is present whole of the program counter plus 4. So, this is the next address of the extraction, -kGWUDxiFOA-00041-00031901-00032852 but so these 2 I mean when we shall know the new address the branch is taken. And we can -kGWUDxiFOA-00042-00032852-00033602 know the address when branch is not taken. So unless these 2 are known we cannot face -kGWUDxiFOA-00043-00033602-00034267 the next instruction from the till the value of P C is known. That is unless the new value -kGWUDxiFOA-00044-00034267-00034764 is depending on whether it is whether the branch is taken or not taken, we cannot really -kGWUDxiFOA-00045-00034764-00035152 proceed cannot fetch the next instruction and start execution. -kGWUDxiFOA-00046-00035152-00035832 Now, let us see, what are the solutions? The first solution or the simplest solution is -kGWUDxiFOA-00047-00035832-00036494 to install the pipeline upon detecting a branch. That means as soon as detected a branch what -kGWUDxiFOA-00048-00036494-00037621 you can do it will install the pipeline and wait till the branch address is known. So, -kGWUDxiFOA-00049-00037621-00038302 that is the simplest solution and the steps are given here the ID stage detects the branch. -kGWUDxiFOA-00050-00038302-00038749 That is after the instruction is decoded it will be known whether it is a branch instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00051-00038749-00039395 or not and do not know if branch is taken until the execution stage. So, as we shall -kGWUDxiFOA-00052-00039395-00040161 see in our pipeline we have to go to the execution stage, because there the condition for branch -kGWUDxiFOA-00053-00040161-00040613 tested and it will be known whether branch will be taken or not. -kGWUDxiFOA-00054-00040613-00041273 And then the new PC is not changed until the end of the memory stage is. That means until -kGWUDxiFOA-00055-00041273-00042127 we go to the memory stage we do not know what will be the new address if branch is taken. -kGWUDxiFOA-00056-00042127-00042731 It means after determining the branch is taken and new PC value is known in the, me memory -kGWUDxiFOA-00057-00042731-00043288 state. And if the branch is taken we need to repeat some stages and fetch new instructions; -kGWUDxiFOA-00058-00043288-00043828 that means that that fetching the new address. It was taken by place from consecutive addresses -kGWUDxiFOA-00059-00043828-00044472 like PC plus 4, PC plus 8 those things are first out those instructions are first out. -kGWUDxiFOA-00060-00044472-00045056 And you have to fetch it instructions from the new address and that is how it will continue. -kGWUDxiFOA-00061-00045056-00045862 As it is clear from this tag emergency the condition in this simple pipe line that we -kGWUDxiFOA-00062-00045862-00046670 have discussed x 59 it checks whether a particular resistor content is 0 or not another mention -kGWUDxiFOA-00063-00046670-00047306 it is done at the at the execution state. So, the condition is known only at the execution -kGWUDxiFOA-00064-00047306-00047849 state and where the branch will taken place you can see the address is known in the memory -kGWUDxiFOA-00065-00047849-00048250 access stage. So, in the memory access stage the address will be known and that content -kGWUDxiFOA-00066-00048250-00048841 will be loaded in to the program counter. So, we have to wait till the memory accessed -kGWUDxiFOA-00067-00048841-00049551 stage to know both the things condition whether satisfied or not. And the branch address, -kGWUDxiFOA-00068-00049551-00050106 whether if the branch is taken so what will be the delay? -kGWUDxiFOA-00069-00050106-00050626 Obviously, the delay it leads to delay of 3 cycles so you have to call the pipeline -kGWUDxiFOA-00070-00050626-00051250 by 3 cycles in the normal situation. So, you can see here whenever the branch is taken. -kGWUDxiFOA-00071-00051250-00052097 And you can see the after the execution stage the branch condition is decided an after the -kGWUDxiFOA-00072-00052097-00052735 memory stage the new target has been known. So, these are the instructions fetched this -kGWUDxiFOA-00073-00052735-00053939 one; this one and this one that means after this b e q r 1 comma r 3 r 6. You know these -kGWUDxiFOA-00074-00053939-00054425 this particular the instructions which are following these remaining these 3 instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00075-00054425-00055361 and r 2 comma r 3 comma r 5 or r 6 comma r 1 comma r 7 and add r 8 comma r 1 comma r -kGWUDxiFOA-00076-00055361-00055900 9. These instructions; obviously, are to first out, what do you really means by that you -kGWUDxiFOA-00077-00055900-00056687 can say fortunately none of these 3 instructions have done any permanent damage or permanently -kGWUDxiFOA-00078-00056687-00057185 change in the status of processor. And that will be take place only in the light -kGWUDxiFOA-00079-00057185-00057891 back stage the content of the resistor will be modified only then the permanent change -kGWUDxiFOA-00080-00057891-00058744 in state is done. So, you can see the before that happened the work the condition and the -kGWUDxiFOA-00081-00058744-00059492 new end this is known. So, what you have to do all these 3 instructions are to be nullified -kGWUDxiFOA-00082-00059492-00060274 by comforting them into no operational instructions. And obviously, there will be no change, but -kGWUDxiFOA-00083-00060274-00060933 we shall be losing the pre cycles. And the instructions fetch will take place if the -kGWUDxiFOA-00084-00060933-00061526 branch is taken place where the branch is taking place. And I mean this when will be -kGWUDxiFOA-00085-00061526-00062295 known that it will execute this or it will jump to this instruction I mean there is a -kGWUDxiFOA-00086-00062295-00062966 address thirty 6 where it will jump. So, you can say the, this is how it will happen. So, -kGWUDxiFOA-00087-00062966-00063823 we shall be losing 3 cycles. Now, the question will arises where that it is possible to reduce -kGWUDxiFOA-00088-00063823-00064607 the number of stalks that means whenever the branch instruction encountered. We are finding -kGWUDxiFOA-00089-00064607-00065285 that if we do not use any complicated technique. If we simply introduce talks then we shall -kGWUDxiFOA-00090-00065285-00065994 losing 3 cycles for each encounter of a branch, so let us see. -kGWUDxiFOA-00091-00065994-00066693 What will be our loss impact of branch stalls? So, let us assume your idea CPI is equal to -kGWUDxiFOA-00092-00066693-00067544 1. And let us assume that 30 percent of the instruction by branches; remaining 70 percent -kGWUDxiFOA-00093-00067544-00068244 instructions are value operations. So, since there are 3 is a install of 3 cycles. So, -kGWUDxiFOA-00094-00068244-00069119 new CPI is equal to 1 plus 0.3 into 31.9. Of course, we have not considered this situation -kGWUDxiFOA-00095-00069119-00069974 that you know all branches may not be taken here. We have assumed that as soon as a branch -kGWUDxiFOA-00096-00069974-00070583 installed instruction is encountered 3 stalls will be introduced. But that is not really -kGWUDxiFOA-00097-00070583-00071237 necessary even for the simple 5 9 that I have discussed. Because you see the branch can -kGWUDxiFOA-00098-00071237-00071723 be whether the branch will be taken or not taken is known as the execution stage if it -kGWUDxiFOA-00099-00071723-00072710 is not taken. Then obviously, it is not necessary to I mean wait for the next cycle, because -kGWUDxiFOA-00100-00072710-00073233 branch cycle will not be taken. So if branch is not taken then the loss will -kGWUDxiFOA-00101-00073233-00073795 be of 2 cycles. For example, if 50 percent of this branches that taken then the new CPI -kGWUDxiFOA-00102-00073795-00074744 will be 1 plus 1 is the 31 that is real situation then 15 percent of the cases branch is taken. -kGWUDxiFOA-00103-00074744-00075362 So, in such a case the loss will be of 3 cycles will be because address will be known only -kGWUDxiFOA-00104-00075362-00076179 at the end of the memory stage and so 0.15 into 3. And then whenever branch is not taken -kGWUDxiFOA-00105-00076179-00076869 for the 15 percent of the cases the loss will be of 2 cycle. So, if you add up find that -kGWUDxiFOA-00106-00076869-00078098 there in new CPI will be 1 percent not 1.9. Now, this penalty would be what is for current -kGWUDxiFOA-00107-00078098-00078591 definition? If this will be the case for this simple pipeline that we have considered. But -kGWUDxiFOA-00108-00078591-00079302 in the modern processors now a day’s for example, even the instruction exchange or -kGWUDxiFOA-00109-00079302-00079677 instruction decode stage is divided into several stages. -kGWUDxiFOA-00110-00079677-00080304 So, in such a case loss will be more the number of clock cycles or number of stalls that will -kGWUDxiFOA-00111-00080304-00081270 be happening will be more but in our case it will be restricted to 3. So, how do we -kGWUDxiFOA-00112-00081270-00081814 reduce the impact of branch stalls? Question is there, any way by which you can reduce -kGWUDxiFOA-00113-00081814-00082679 the impact of branch stalls there are 2 part solution, first of all you have to determine -kGWUDxiFOA-00114-00082679-00083442 branch taken by or not taken sooner. So, if you can is find out that branch will be taken -kGWUDxiFOA-00115-00083442-00084104 or not earlier in the pipeline stage. If you can make some arrangement for that then there -kGWUDxiFOA-00116-00084104-00084748 is a possibility of some gain. Similarly, if we know the branch address earlier even -kGWUDxiFOA-00117-00084748-00085482 then we can have some gain in performance or we can reduce the impact of this branch -kGWUDxiFOA-00118-00085482-00086272 stalls. So, these 2 things had to be done determine branch taken or not sooner and compute -kGWUDxiFOA-00119-00086272-00086986 taken branch address earlier. So, these are the things to be done and there can be a solution -kGWUDxiFOA-00120-00086986-00087369 for this. So, let us see what is the hardware solution? -kGWUDxiFOA-00121-00087369-00088337 What can be done you can see that that detect at 0 degree detector which checks whether -kGWUDxiFOA-00122-00088337-00089197 particular resistor is 0 or not is in the execution list, it can be moved t the instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00123-00089197-00089662 decode stage you can see it has been moved to the instruction decode stage. And not only -kGWUDxiFOA-00124-00089662-00090236 that this multiplexer which was in the memory access stage can be allowed to be moved to -kGWUDxiFOA-00125-00090236-00090952 the instruction decoder stage. So, if we do that however if we wanted to do that you will -kGWUDxiFOA-00126-00090952-00091658 require an additional hardware that is an adder. You will require an adder earlier this -kGWUDxiFOA-00127-00091658-00092056 addition to generate an defective address you know you have to generate an defective -kGWUDxiFOA-00128-00092056-00092651 address p c plus immediate value. So, these values has to be calculated earlier this was -kGWUDxiFOA-00129-00092651-00093426 done with the help of the ALU which is available in the processor. Now, if you want to move -kGWUDxiFOA-00130-00093426-00094383 it to the to the V S stage then we will require an additional adder which actual perform the -kGWUDxiFOA-00131-00094383-00094898 effective address calculation earlier in the instruction decode stage. So, you fine that -kGWUDxiFOA-00132-00094898-00095570 if you can add this; you can shift this hardware means this multiplexer along with an additional -kGWUDxiFOA-00133-00095570-00096420 adder and this 0 detector to the instruction and decode stage. -kGWUDxiFOA-00134-00096420-00097229 Then we find that what will what is the outcome of this that means invoke the condition and -kGWUDxiFOA-00135-00097229-00098031 the branch address are known in the second state itself we do not have to go to the fourth -kGWUDxiFOA-00136-00098031-00098913 stage. So, the loss or the penalty is reduced only to 1 cycle, because in the instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00137-00098913-00099639 decode stage both will be known. And accordingly depending on the outcome either the next instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00138-00099639-00100648 can be fetched from c p plus form in the cycle in , I mean after 1 cycle. And also or from -kGWUDxiFOA-00139-00100648-00101016 the branch address which is not that means program counter will be loaded by c p plus -kGWUDxiFOA-00140-00101016-00101789 4 or by the effective address which is calculated in the third cycle itself instead of waiting -kGWUDxiFOA-00141-00101789-00102550 for the fifth cycle. So, you find that the, these 2 solutions can be easily accomplish -kGWUDxiFOA-00142-00102550-00103126 with the help of additional hardware. And so this is how this can reduce the branch -kGWUDxiFOA-00143-00103126-00103661 penalty to 1 cycle. So, after this we shall assume that the simple pipeline that we are -kGWUDxiFOA-00144-00103661-00104281 discussing the branch penalty is 1 cycle. That means we shall assume that this change -kGWUDxiFOA-00145-00104281-00105186 has been made in the hardware and our branch penalty now, 1 cycle. -kGWUDxiFOA-00146-00105186-00106241 Now, here some statistics about the control instruction based on the SPEC benchmark on -kGWUDxiFOA-00147-00106241-00107083 this DLX processor, it is taken from that computer architecture that is second addition -kGWUDxiFOA-00148-00107083-00107989 book that and quality of approach computer architecture and quality approach from that -kGWUDxiFOA-00149-00107989-00108579 particular book. And branches it has been found that this statistics is like this branches -kGWUDxiFOA-00150-00108579-00109270 occur frequency of 14 to 16 percentage in integers programs and 3 to 3 percent to 12 -kGWUDxiFOA-00151-00109270-00109869 percent in floating point programs So, this is the branch frequency the rate at which -kGWUDxiFOA-00152-00109869-00110399 branch instructions countered in a program. And this is more in integer programs than -kGWUDxiFOA-00153-00110399-00111139 in floating point terms and another statistics about whenever a branch is encountered. It -kGWUDxiFOA-00154-00111139-00111575 has been found that about seventy 5 percent of the branches are forward branches. -kGWUDxiFOA-00155-00111575-00112262 So, the branch can take place in the forward direction in which it is increased or it can -kGWUDxiFOA-00156-00112262-00112796 take place in the backward direction when the address is decreased. So, 75 percent of -kGWUDxiFOA-00157-00112796-00113459 the branches are forward branches and more over 60 percent of the forward branches are -kGWUDxiFOA-00158-00113459-00114342 taken. And 80 percent of the branches are taken actually you may be asking why 80 percent -kGWUDxiFOA-00159-00114342-00114814 of the backward branches are taken. Why it more, the reason for that is you know this -kGWUDxiFOA-00160-00114814-00115303 is because of loop in case of loop it goes back to a fetching instruction. So, because -kGWUDxiFOA-00161-00115303-00116358 of that looping you know the percentage of backward branches taken is more so this is -kGWUDxiFOA-00162-00116358-00116534 the statistics. -kGWUDxiFOA-00163-00116534-00117565 Now, let us consider techniques by which we can deal with control hazards what are the -kGWUDxiFOA-00164-00117565-00118176 different techniques that we can adapt first techniques here I mean we have already discussed -kGWUDxiFOA-00165-00118176-00119014 some hardware solution by which we can reduce the number of stalls Now, the number of approach -kGWUDxiFOA-00166-00119014-00119823 available is 4 first step approach is simplest method is to redo the fetch of the instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00167-00119823-00120488 following the branch So, this is essentially by introducing stalls so what is been done -kGWUDxiFOA-00168-00120488-00121324 in this case until the branch direction is known until the address is calculated So, -kGWUDxiFOA-00169-00121324-00122016 you continue to ask the pipeline and so every branch causes a performance loss. So, whenever -kGWUDxiFOA-00170-00122016-00122811 a branch office occurs you simply introduce a stall in simple pipeline the fortunately -kGWUDxiFOA-00171-00122811-00123438 number stalls has been reduced from 3 to 1. So, whenever a branch instruction is encountered -kGWUDxiFOA-00172-00123438-00124367 a stall is introduced so every branch leads to 1 instruction loss. So, this solution is -kGWUDxiFOA-00173-00124367-00125076 very simple, simple to implement, because you do not have to check anything after the -kGWUDxiFOA-00174-00125076-00125594 instruction is decoded. If it is a branch you introduce a stall then you proceed to -kGWUDxiFOA-00175-00125594-00126186 the next cycle where both the condition is known whether the condition is satisfied or -kGWUDxiFOA-00176-00126186-00126966 not is known. And also the turbines targets has also be known whether it is p c plus 4 -kGWUDxiFOA-00177-00126966-00127805 or p c plus some that immediate value which is the part of instruction. So, obviously -kGWUDxiFOA-00178-00127805-00128610 this approach is not accepted if you are interested in improving the performance. So, what do -kGWUDxiFOA-00179-00128610-00129460 you mean by the second approach? Second approach is to treat every branch as taken that means -kGWUDxiFOA-00180-00129460-00130533 the complier assumes that branch will be always taken. So, if the branch is always taken what -kGWUDxiFOA-00181-00130533-00131241 will be done the address, the next instructions will be fetched. -kGWUDxiFOA-00182-00131241-00132012 I mean I am sorry in this case branch is not taken so treat every branch is not taken that -kGWUDxiFOA-00183-00132012-00132904 means it always assumes that branch is not taken. So, when the branch is not taken obviously; -kGWUDxiFOA-00184-00132904-00133428 the next instruction to be executed is p c plus 4. So, it proceeds in that direction -kGWUDxiFOA-00185-00133428-00134669 so executes successor instructions in sequence as if there is no branch. And however this -kGWUDxiFOA-00186-00134669-00135382 also I mean whenever this assumption is made it this is simply an assumption. It does not -kGWUDxiFOA-00187-00135382-00135979 mean that branch will I mean all the branches will not be taken some branches will be taken. -kGWUDxiFOA-00188-00135979-00136675 So, what will be done in such cases? So, when branch is taken, we need to turn the fetch -kGWUDxiFOA-00189-00136675-00137435 instruction into a no op and restart the fetch at the target address. So, this is the thing -kGWUDxiFOA-00190-00137435-00138330 we have to do whenever a prediction that is done by the compiler or the assumption is -kGWUDxiFOA-00191-00138330-00139086 made by the compiler terms of 2 rounds. And it has been found that 47 percent of branches -kGWUDxiFOA-00192-00139086-00139876 are not taken on an average. So, in 47 percent of the cases you know there -kGWUDxiFOA-00193-00139876-00140719 will be no need to any modification. So, perform they will be no performance loss for the 47 -kGWUDxiFOA-00194-00140719-00141177 percent of the cases, but for the remaining 63 percent of the cases there will be some -kGWUDxiFOA-00195-00141177-00142021 performance loss. Because we have up to we have to I mean we have to fetch an instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00196-00142021-00142466 I mean we have to convert the already fetched instruction into a no op. And we have to restart -kGWUDxiFOA-00197-00142466-00142978 the fetch at the target address. So, this is the situation when assumption -kGWUDxiFOA-00198-00142978-00143522 has been made that branch is not taken now third approach is an alternative scheme is -kGWUDxiFOA-00199-00143522-00144213 to treat every branch as taken. So, in such a case what is being done it is assumed that -kGWUDxiFOA-00200-00144213-00145104 all the branches are taken that assumption is made. But unfortunately even for the simple -kGWUDxiFOA-00201-00145104-00145802 pipeline we have seen that branch address is known only after only in the execution -kGWUDxiFOA-00202-00145802-00146497 stage when the when already the whether branch will be taken or not taken is also known. -kGWUDxiFOA-00203-00146497-00147210 So, as a consequence for the simple pipeline that we have discussed there is no gain no -kGWUDxiFOA-00204-00147210-00147591 advantage. So, this approach has been no advantage for -kGWUDxiFOA-00205-00147591-00148272 the 5 stages pipelining discussing however there is a some performance gain whenever -kGWUDxiFOA-00206-00148272-00149159 2 whenever the branch address is not taken. So, as now there will be another approach -kGWUDxiFOA-00207-00149159-00150513 which is known as delayed branch shall see how the instruction following the branch can -kGWUDxiFOA-00208-00150513-00151372 be converted into a useful instruction normally. We have seen if the prediction is wrong then -kGWUDxiFOA-00209-00151372-00151997 we lose one cycle that the instruction which was executed that has to be conveyed to known -kGWUDxiFOA-00210-00151997-00152795 up. So, that we can overcome with this particular thing we can execute an instruction and it -kGWUDxiFOA-00211-00152795-00153521 is not necessary to converted into a known off. So, that is known as delayed branch so -kGWUDxiFOA-00212-00153521-00154212 we shall discussed these zones techniques one after the other. Of course, the first -kGWUDxiFOA-00213-00154212-00155278 technique nothing to discuss I have already mentioned that you have to simply processes -kGWUDxiFOA-00214-00155278-00155983 introduce a stall after detecting a branch instruction in the instruction decode stage. -kGWUDxiFOA-00215-00155983-00156620 So first approach has nothing we do not need further discussion to consider first step -kGWUDxiFOA-00216-00156620-00156644 approach. -kGWUDxiFOA-00217-00156644-00157389 Let us now focus on approach 2 predict not taken. So, who is predicts things who is decides -kGWUDxiFOA-00218-00157389-00158005 here; obviously, the prediction has been done by the compiler. So, compiler is assumed to -kGWUDxiFOA-00219-00158005-00158867 be in that the branch is not taken. So, in such a case you can execute successor instructions -kGWUDxiFOA-00220-00158867-00159772 keep on fetching plus 4 c p plus 8 is the one and one executing however in this p c -kGWUDxiFOA-00221-00159772-00160416 plus 4 already calculated. So, use it to get the next instruction chances are the branch -kGWUDxiFOA-00222-00160416-00161126 is not taken. So, whenever branch is not taken as we have seen we have to we have to modify -kGWUDxiFOA-00223-00161126-00161812 the instruction. And that is why it is been done and that if branch is not taken the following -kGWUDxiFOA-00224-00161812-00162273 instruction you have to squash instructions in the pipeline if branch is actually taken. -kGWUDxiFOA-00225-00162273-00162946 So, this if the ith instruction is a branch instruction and prediction was not taken and -kGWUDxiFOA-00226-00162946-00163541 unfortunately it has turns over to be. So, when a branch is taken in such a case this -kGWUDxiFOA-00227-00163541-00164446 i plus 1 is instruction we have to introduce stall here so one cycle is lost as you can -kGWUDxiFOA-00228-00164446-00164987 see. And of course, the next instruction is taken since it is a second instruction it -kGWUDxiFOA-00229-00164987-00165599 is from the branch target address the instructor is fetched and then execution continues. So, -kGWUDxiFOA-00230-00165599-00166799 this is the approach to where predict not taken is done. And of course, this particular -kGWUDxiFOA-00231-00166799-00167407 thing can be easily done as I have already explained. Because CPU state is not updated -kGWUDxiFOA-00232-00167407-00168000 till the locate in the pipeline. We have seen that CPU state is updated only in the later -kGWUDxiFOA-00233-00168000-00168592 part of the cycle that is in the right the stage that is your modifying the register -kGWUDxiFOA-00234-00168592-00169223 that means permanent change you are making. So, before that if the decision is known if -kGWUDxiFOA-00235-00169223-00170067 your prediction is wrong there is no problem you can knob of course, there is a loss, but -kGWUDxiFOA-00236-00170067-00170404 that has to be accepted. -kGWUDxiFOA-00237-00170404-00171522 And let us take a considering the, what happens. So, 53 percent branches taken on an average, -kGWUDxiFOA-00238-00171522-00172461 but branch target address is not available. So, here it is predict branch taken the second -kGWUDxiFOA-00239-00172461-00173026 approach 53 percent branches are taken in on an average. But branch target address is -kGWUDxiFOA-00240-00173026-00173751 not available after instruction fetch in MIP s so MIP s is still incurs 1 cycle branch -kGWUDxiFOA-00241-00173751-00174267 penalty even with predict taken. So, as I have already mentioned for this simple pipeline -kGWUDxiFOA-00242-00174267-00174744 there is no benefit for this prediction this assumption. -kGWUDxiFOA-00243-00174744-00175511 However there are machines where branch target is known before branch outcome is computed. -kGWUDxiFOA-00244-00175511-00176196 So, there are processors where this thing this particular situation exist branch target -kGWUDxiFOA-00245-00176196-00176678 is known before the branch outcome is computed. In such a case significant verification can -kGWUDxiFOA-00246-00176678-00177447 accrue, because there may be processors where in the execution state both the target is -kGWUDxiFOA-00247-00177447-00178095 known and the value is computed. So, in such cases you know there can be something, but -kGWUDxiFOA-00248-00178095-00178575 not for the pipeline that we have discussed. -kGWUDxiFOA-00249-00178575-00179737 Now, we shall focus on the forth approach that is delayed branch we have seen we have -kGWUDxiFOA-00250-00179737-00180550 a branch instruction.. Following that there are several sequential instructions and this -kGWUDxiFOA-00251-00180550-00181205 is the target address where the, if the branch is taken it jumps to this address. So, in -kGWUDxiFOA-00252-00181205-00182016 between the successive instruction there is a I mean and branch target address branch -kGWUDxiFOA-00253-00182016-00182592 target if the instruction branch is taken you have got several instructions. So, these -kGWUDxiFOA-00254-00182592-00183311 are known as sequential success of the branch instructor. -kGWUDxiFOA-00255-00183311-00184146 And these instructions are considered to be in the branch delay slot. So, here you have -kGWUDxiFOA-00256-00184146-00184858 got branch delay of length n so there is a there are a instruction in this branch delay -kGWUDxiFOA-00257-00184858-00185412 slot. However, for this simple pipeline, that have that we have already discussed there -kGWUDxiFOA-00258-00185412-00186121 is a only one slot delay required in 5 stage pipeline. So, you have already seen that the -kGWUDxiFOA-00259-00186121-00187025 in the delay slot the branch delay slot has got only one instruction. And so in general -kGWUDxiFOA-00260-00187025-00187941 there they can gain instructions but in our simple case only one slot delay is required. -kGWUDxiFOA-00261-00187941-00189119 Now, we are interested in filling up that particular detail in the slot. And so this -kGWUDxiFOA-00262-00189119-00189687 is the branch instruction; this is delay slot instructions and this is the post branch instructions. -kGWUDxiFOA-00263-00189687-00190420 So, here this is the target now this d I plus 1; this is the delay slot and this instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00264-00190420-00191445 we have up to we have to fill up with the some instruction so later is useful. So, instructions -kGWUDxiFOA-00265-00191445-00192061 in the branch delay slot get executed whether or not branch is taken. So, the point that -kGWUDxiFOA-00266-00192061-00193048 you have to understand is that whether the branch is taken or not taken the instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00267-00193048-00193965 following the branch instruction is also follows the executed but if your prediction is wrong. -kGWUDxiFOA-00268-00193965-00194476 I mean if the branch is taken then you have to nullify it but that instruction will always -kGWUDxiFOA-00269-00194476-00195383 get executed. So, based on this observation, we can think about some solution which will -kGWUDxiFOA-00270-00195383-00195721 help in proving the performance of the processor. -kGWUDxiFOA-00271-00195721-00196485 So, the simple idea is put an instruction that would be executed anyway right after -kGWUDxiFOA-00272-00196485-00197098 a branch. So, this is the delay slot this is the branch instruction; this is the delay -kGWUDxiFOA-00273-00197098-00197682 slot and this is the branch target or the successor of the instruction. Now, question -kGWUDxiFOA-00274-00197682-00198380 is what instruction do we input in the delay slot? So, we have to put an instruction in -kGWUDxiFOA-00275-00198380-00199019 the delay slot with some objective what is objective one that can safely be executed. -kGWUDxiFOA-00276-00199019-00199863 No matter what the branch does that means whether the branch is taken or not taken that -kGWUDxiFOA-00277-00199863-00200572 instruction can be executed? And it will not lead to any I mean you do not have to be convert -kGWUDxiFOA-00278-00200572-00201258 into a knob that is the basic objective. And the compiler decides this compiler has to -kGWUDxiFOA-00279-00201258-00202209 decide which instruction to put in this delay slot and there are several approaches. -kGWUDxiFOA-00280-00202209-00203062 One possibility is an instruction from before an instruction can be taken from before these -kGWUDxiFOA-00281-00203062-00204058 branches. So, here is a delay slot DADD then see there are several solutions. -kGWUDxiFOA-00282-00204058-00205811 First solution is an instruction form before by this from before we mean you have your -kGWUDxiFOA-00283-00205811-00206960 branch instruction. And so let us consider DADD R 1, R 2, R 3. This is an instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00284-00206960-00208239 before this branch instruction if R 2 equal to 0 then it will jump to this; this is targeted -kGWUDxiFOA-00285-00208239-00208889 address. And this is the targeted delay slot what we are doing this instruction you can -kGWUDxiFOA-00286-00208889-00209587 see this; this is the normal instruction execution floor. So, this instruction is executed after -kGWUDxiFOA-00287-00209587-00210176 that this branch instruction encountered. So, this instruction will be executed whether -kGWUDxiFOA-00288-00210176-00210908 this branch instruction is taken or not. Now, if we move this to this slot that means we -kGWUDxiFOA-00289-00210908-00211875 are converting it in to in this way if r 2 is equal to 0. Then and we are filling up -kGWUDxiFOA-00290-00211875-00212898 this slot with DADD R 1 R 2 R 3 and then it is it will go to this. -kGWUDxiFOA-00291-00212898-00213534 So, this delay slot is filled up with an instruction from before it was here now you have moved -kGWUDxiFOA-00292-00213534-00214194 it to here. So, we find that as we know this instruction will be executed irrespective -kGWUDxiFOA-00293-00214194-00214585 of whether of branch instruction taken or not taken. And this instruction was supposed -kGWUDxiFOA-00294-00214585-00215186 to be executed before this branch instruction. So, the here also this instruction is executed -kGWUDxiFOA-00295-00215186-00216007 so the branch is whether a branch is taken or not taken there is no loss. So, we are -kGWUDxiFOA-00296-00216007-00216736 able to put an instruction which is useful you do not have to convert into an knob if -kGWUDxiFOA-00297-00216736-00217873 prediction is wrong. So; obviously so this can be moved to this delay slot and this will -kGWUDxiFOA-00298-00217873-00218196 this is the possibility solution. -kGWUDxiFOA-00299-00218196-00219215 So, you get to execute the DADD execution for free. So, as if we are getting this instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00300-00219215-00219898 executed free of cost. Free of cost means some instructions are supposed to be executed -kGWUDxiFOA-00301-00219898-00220525 here we are taking an instruction for the branch. So, as we go to the next instruction -kGWUDxiFOA-00302-00220525-00221112 by that time will know where the branch is taken or not taken and also the target address. -kGWUDxiFOA-00303-00221112-00222117 So this instruction can be either it will can be the p c plus 4 or it can be that p -kGWUDxiFOA-00304-00222117-00222648 c plus that immediate value which is available in the as the part of the instruction. In -kGWUDxiFOA-00305-00222648-00223594 case there is a I mean the branch is taken so we find that which is the best solution. -kGWUDxiFOA-00306-00223594-00224148 This is the best solution that we can have and this is the preferred approach we can -kGWUDxiFOA-00307-00224148-00225016 follow in our, for filling up instructions in the branch delay slot. Now, what is the -kGWUDxiFOA-00308-00225016-00225619 second possibility? The second possibility is that an instruction from target means where -kGWUDxiFOA-00309-00225619-00226392 it is jumping so it is if R 1 is equal to 0 then it is jumping to these d sub R 4 this -kGWUDxiFOA-00310-00226392-00227465 instruction. Now, what can be done? This instruction can be replicated here it can be replicated -kGWUDxiFOA-00311-00227465-00228126 here in this delay slot. And then we can change this branch target to get address that means -kGWUDxiFOA-00312-00228126-00228640 you can you can loading. So, that it will be pointing to the in extension, because I -kGWUDxiFOA-00313-00228640-00229748 is getting executed here. This particular thing can be done whenever in most of the -kGWUDxiFOA-00314-00229748-00230406 situations your prediction is that branch will be taken then this is very advantageous. -kGWUDxiFOA-00315-00230406-00231326 So, for filling up the delay performance by an instruction from the target and by doing -kGWUDxiFOA-00316-00231326-00231886 this you are able to improve the performance. But improvement of performance takes place -kGWUDxiFOA-00317-00231886-00232163 when branch is taken. -kGWUDxiFOA-00318-00232163-00232923 So, yet another possibility is an instruction from inside the taken path. So, here you are -kGWUDxiFOA-00319-00232923-00234348 taking it from inside the taken path means you can see here is the delay slot. And this -kGWUDxiFOA-00320-00234348-00235056 particular instruction or can be moved into that delay slot only if its execution does -kGWUDxiFOA-00321-00235056-00235696 not disrupt the program execution. So, from the taken path you, you have taken, you have -kGWUDxiFOA-00322-00235696-00236628 to filled up the delay slot by using his instruction. So, this is an another approach you can follow. -kGWUDxiFOA-00323-00236628-00238112 Now, let us see an example here we have got 3 parts so this is a delay loop load R 1 comma -kGWUDxiFOA-00324-00238112-00239234 0 R 2 DSUBU R 1 comma R on comma R 3 BEQ R1 comma l. Now, you can see and l is the target -kGWUDxiFOA-00325-00239234-00239905 address is this. And this is the essentially the delay slot I mean where you have to put -kGWUDxiFOA-00326-00239905-00240411 your instructions that means following your weeks. We have to fill up the there is a delay -kGWUDxiFOA-00327-00240411-00241209 slot where you have to put these instruction in this instruction this particular code sequence. -kGWUDxiFOA-00328-00241209-00242216 First thing that you can do is to take this instruction DSUBU R 1 comma R 1 comma R 3 -kGWUDxiFOA-00329-00242216-00243131 after this unfortunately this cannot be done. Because BEQZ is dependent on this, because -kGWUDxiFOA-00330-00243131-00244019 of this dependency we cannot move this instruction to after this branch instruction. So, this -kGWUDxiFOA-00331-00244019-00244385 first approach which is the first approach cannot be followed here. -kGWUDxiFOA-00332-00244385-00245013 Now, what are the other alternatives, if we know that branch was all over taken within -kGWUDxiFOA-00333-00245013-00245876 a high probability. Then DADDU could be moved into the block B1that means if the, you see -kGWUDxiFOA-00334-00245876-00246459 this is this is target address. So, we can take this instruction from the target and -kGWUDxiFOA-00335-00246459-00247283 put it immediately after this instruction. I mean immediately after this BEQZ R 1 l that -kGWUDxiFOA-00336-00247283-00248039 means the branch instruction and if we know that the branch was taken with high probability. -kGWUDxiFOA-00337-00248039-00248835 So, if you if you have high probability of branch taken then this particular approach -kGWUDxiFOA-00338-00248835-00249388 is followed since it does not have any dependencies on block 2. Since there is no dependency it -kGWUDxiFOA-00339-00249388-00249866 can have I mean this instruction I mean there is no dependence of the instruction on this. -kGWUDxiFOA-00340-00249866-00250644 So, it can be moved without any without any problem, but this solution is will be good -kGWUDxiFOA-00341-00250644-00251585 whenever branch is taken with high probability. Now, what are the third possibility? Third -kGWUDxiFOA-00342-00251585-00252183 possibility is that knowing the branch does not was not taken then or could be moved into -kGWUDxiFOA-00343-00252183-00252758 block B. So, this instruction that is the whole through that that approach that I told -kGWUDxiFOA-00344-00252758-00253646 is the whole through. So, this instruction can be moved I mean can we move to the block -kGWUDxiFOA-00345-00253646-00254238 immediately after a following this and or could remove this block B 1 since I does not -kGWUDxiFOA-00346-00254238-00255209 affect anything in B 3. So, we can see we have got 3 possibilities whenever we can fill -kGWUDxiFOA-00347-00255209-00255992 out by depending on different situations we can do that and this particular example, illustrate -kGWUDxiFOA-00348-00255992-00256404 various alternatives possible. -kGWUDxiFOA-00349-00256404-00257186 So, we can summarize the scheduling of branch delay slot possibility first one is delay -kGWUDxiFOA-00350-00257186-00257784 slot schedule with an independent instruction from before the branch. So, this is the preferred -kGWUDxiFOA-00351-00257784-00258367 schedule I have already mentioned second is delay slot is scheduled from the target of -kGWUDxiFOA-00352-00258367-00259054 the branch you have to copy and an instruction. And this is useful only branch is taken and -kGWUDxiFOA-00353-00259054-00259492 this is preferred when the branch is taken with high probability such as a loop branch. -kGWUDxiFOA-00354-00259492-00260123 So, in case of loop branch, we have seen branch is taken and probability is larger so in such -kGWUDxiFOA-00355-00260123-00260836 a situation this is this is this is double. And third possibility is have already told -kGWUDxiFOA-00356-00260836-00261444 delay slot from the non taken fall through so non taken non through this is useful if -kGWUDxiFOA-00357-00261444-00261933 branch is not taken. And if the branch goes in the another un expected direction it should -kGWUDxiFOA-00358-00261933-00262779 produce correct result. So, these are the 3 possibilities by which we can fill up the -kGWUDxiFOA-00359-00262779-00263517 branch delay slot. And we have seen this is how the performance can be improved. -kGWUDxiFOA-00360-00263517-00264140 And this particular diagram summarizes the 3 possibilities; first one is from before -kGWUDxiFOA-00361-00264140-00264799 that means this instruction which is before this instruction can be filled up here. And -kGWUDxiFOA-00362-00264799-00265425 this is a second approach from the target; this is the target address; this is the, from -kGWUDxiFOA-00363-00265425-00266264 target. And we will copy this in the slot and change the direction I mean this pointer -kGWUDxiFOA-00364-00266264-00267152 value where this branch target address is there. That address has to be modified from -kGWUDxiFOA-00365-00267152-00268007 the fall through this is filled up with this instruction SUB R 4 R 5 R 6. And as we have -kGWUDxiFOA-00366-00268007-00268566 seen this particular approach is suitable when the there is probability of branches -kGWUDxiFOA-00367-00268566-00269371 not taken. So, the basic objective is of this compiler, the job of the compiler is make -kGWUDxiFOA-00368-00269371-00269827 the successor instructions valid and useful allayed branch slot. And this is the philosophy -kGWUDxiFOA-00369-00269827-00270225 that has been used to fill up the. -kGWUDxiFOA-00370-00270225-00271246 Now, let us have some statistics compiler effectiveness for single branch delay slot. -kGWUDxiFOA-00371-00271246-00271937 So, it has been found that it fills about 60 percent of the branch delay slot about -kGWUDxiFOA-00372-00271937-00272525 80 percent of the instruction executed in the branch delay slot useful in computation. -kGWUDxiFOA-00373-00272525-00273385 So, that means out of 60 percent of instructions which are I mean branch delay slots are filled -kGWUDxiFOA-00374-00273385-00274319 up 80 percent is the, is useful in computation. So, that means that in 50 percent of the cases -kGWUDxiFOA-00375-00274319-00274928 this slots are usually filled usually fully filled. And so in another words we can tell -kGWUDxiFOA-00376-00274928-00275831 that there is a 50 percent improvement you know improvement compared to whenever we assume -kGWUDxiFOA-00377-00275831-00276485 you consider the first step follow the first step approach where you introduce a slot. -kGWUDxiFOA-00378-00276485-00277349 Now, we have not consider a very important aspect of delayed branch downside is what -kGWUDxiFOA-00379-00277349-00277895 is multiple instructions issued per clock cycle. That means whenever it is supers tailor -kGWUDxiFOA-00380-00277895-00278612 process we have considered the simple situation it is a pipeline processor so branch delay -kGWUDxiFOA-00381-00278612-00279095 slot. We are issuing one instruction at a time and that delay slot has to be filled -kGWUDxiFOA-00382-00279095-00279847 up with one instruction that is it is a superscalar processor. Then it is necessary to issue 2 -kGWUDxiFOA-00383-00279847-00280738 or 3 or 4 depending on the degree of the superscalar processor. So, many instructions we should -kGWUDxiFOA-00384-00280738-00281364 and so many instruction has to be filled up in the delay slot. So, the task of the compiler -kGWUDxiFOA-00385-00281364-00282124 are becomes I mean it is difficult in such situation for a superscalar composition. -kGWUDxiFOA-00386-00282124-00283135 Now, here the performance for different alternatives are given here. So, pipeline speedup is equal -kGWUDxiFOA-00387-00283135-00284252 to pipeline depth by 1 plus branch frequency. And branch penalty you see we have that performance -kGWUDxiFOA-00388-00284252-00284971 is dependent on 2 things number 1 is branch frequency. And second is branch penalty and -kGWUDxiFOA-00389-00284971-00286062 it has been found that this branch frequency varies from instruction from program to program. -kGWUDxiFOA-00390-00286062-00287056 And since the depending on the branch frequency your improvement that will take place is depend -kGWUDxiFOA-00391-00287056-00287656 not only upon branch frequency. But also on the branch penalty that branch penalty that -kGWUDxiFOA-00392-00287656-00288329 will take place is dependence not dependence the approach that we are following that means -kGWUDxiFOA-00393-00288329-00288840 technique that we are adopting to improve the performance means. So, that branch penalty -kGWUDxiFOA-00394-00288840-00289378 will be dependent on that so first part that branch frequency is dependent on the program. -kGWUDxiFOA-00395-00289378-00289828 And second part branch penalty is dependent on the approach that you are following. -kGWUDxiFOA-00396-00289828-00290334 So, based on these assumption that fourteen percent of the instructions are branches. -kGWUDxiFOA-00397-00290334-00290920 So, that means branch frequency is 14 percent and 13 percent 30 percent of the branches -kGWUDxiFOA-00398-00290920-00291607 are not taken. And assuming that 50 percent of the delay slots can be filled with useful -kGWUDxiFOA-00399-00291607-00292201 instructions it useful instructions based on these assumptions. This is the result for -kGWUDxiFOA-00400-00292201-00293040 different situation first is slow stall pipeline where we assume that the branch penalty is -kGWUDxiFOA-00401-00293040-00294023 3 cycles. So, whenever you have got a branch penalty of 3 cycles you get a CPI of 1.41. -kGWUDxiFOA-00402-00294023-00294742 And speed up with respect to un pipelined is 3.5 ideally it should be 5, what you get -kGWUDxiFOA-00403-00294742-00295717 3.5 So, that is the speed up with respect to un pipelined whenever your, you have to -kGWUDxiFOA-00404-00295717-00296488 it incurs number of stalls is 3 and speed up with respect to stall that means whenever -kGWUDxiFOA-00405-00296488-00296974 of course, in this case it will be 1. So, whenever we are adopting the technique of -kGWUDxiFOA-00406-00296974-00297454 introducing stall with respect to stall performance speed up is 1. -kGWUDxiFOA-00407-00297454-00298073 So, with these let us compare the other techniques first one is fast stall pipe line. First stall -kGWUDxiFOA-00408-00298073-00298752 pipe line means we have used additional hardware to reduce the number of stalls. And as we -kGWUDxiFOA-00409-00298752-00299526 have discussed the branch penalty can be reduced to 1 from 3 as we do that this CPI series. -kGWUDxiFOA-00410-00299526-00300401 CPI improves from 1.42 to 1.14. So, there is significant improvement in CPI and we find -kGWUDxiFOA-00411-00300401-00301390 that speed up is 4.45 4.4 it is there is a significant increase from 3.5 to 4 point. -kGWUDxiFOA-00412-00301390-00302217 And speed up with respect to stall approach define approach is 1.26 then if we consider -kGWUDxiFOA-00413-00302217-00303145 the third case the prediction is branch taken. And we have send when for our simple pipeline -kGWUDxiFOA-00414-00303145-00303746 there will be always loss of one cycle. So, in this case if it is effectively same as -kGWUDxiFOA-00415-00303746-00304547 the second approach. So, there is no performance gain as a, which quite obvious. So, the first -kGWUDxiFOA-00416-00304547-00305209 stall pipeline and predict taken is given the same performance that means if it remains -kGWUDxiFOA-00417-00305209-00305619 1.14. So, in this case also there is loss of 1 cycle. -kGWUDxiFOA-00418-00305619-00306381 And in this case also there is always a loss of 1 cycle so CPI remains 1.14 but this speed -kGWUDxiFOA-00419-00306381-00307042 up to un pipelined also remains same. And speed up with respect to stall is 1.26 that -kGWUDxiFOA-00420-00307042-00307790 also remains the same and predict not taken in this case the branch penalty is 0.7. We -kGWUDxiFOA-00421-00307790-00308339 have seen there can be 50 percent of the cases it can be filed up with full instructions. -kGWUDxiFOA-00422-00308339-00309351 So, branch penalty is 1.7 and CPI is 1.10. So, we find that CPI is improving compared -kGWUDxiFOA-00423-00309351-00310066 to the previous case and there is consequent improvement in speed up with respect to un-pipelined. -kGWUDxiFOA-00424-00310066-00310660 And also there is consequence speed up with respect to stalls whenever we take up the -kGWUDxiFOA-00425-00310660-00311545 approach of stall is 1.29. And last but least is that delayed branch approach in which case -kGWUDxiFOA-00426-00311545-00312625 the branch penalty is 0.5 and CPI is 1.07. So, it is very close to 1 1.07. And speedup -kGWUDxiFOA-00427-00312625-00313388 is also very good 4.7 with respect to the ideal un-pipelined and this speedup with respect -kGWUDxiFOA-00428-00313388-00314528 to stall is 1.34. So, here we call we call it static branch prediction the prediction -kGWUDxiFOA-00429-00314528-00315205 is done with the help of a compiler. And a compiler can be lot of instruction to further -kGWUDxiFOA-00430-00315205-00315851 improve speedup that we have already discussed. -kGWUDxiFOA-00431-00315851-00316788 And later on we shall consider another approach particularly important, because of the importance -kGWUDxiFOA-00432-00316788-00317711 of stall reduction the crucial in modern processors which issue and execute multiple instructions -kGWUDxiFOA-00433-00317711-00318280 per every cycle. So, need to have a steady stream of instructions to keep hardware busy -kGWUDxiFOA-00434-00318280-00318869 stalls due to control hazards dominate. So, this importance of stall reduction is very -kGWUDxiFOA-00435-00318869-00319562 important. And so far we are looked at static schemes for reducing branch penalties and -kGWUDxiFOA-00436-00319562-00320063 same scheme applies to every branch instruction. That means what do you mean by steady static? -kGWUDxiFOA-00437-00320063-00320605 Static means if there are hundred branches, for all the hundred branches you are adopting -kGWUDxiFOA-00438-00320605-00321058 the same policy because it is done by the compiler steady static. -kGWUDxiFOA-00439-00321058-00321629 However there is potential for increased benefits from dynamics schemes, what do you mean by -kGWUDxiFOA-00440-00321629-00322403 dynamic scheme here you know dynamically at when the while instruction execution is progress -kGWUDxiFOA-00441-00322403-00323236 for a particular branch prediction can be not taken for another. Branch prediction can -kGWUDxiFOA-00442-00323236-00323827 be taken so it will dynamically keep on changing as you as the instruction execution takes -kGWUDxiFOA-00443-00323827-00324433 place. And that is done at execution time with the help of a hardware. So, it can choose -kGWUDxiFOA-00444-00324433-00325018 appropriate scheme separately from the each instruction. -kGWUDxiFOA-00445-00325018-00325761 So, the branches to top of loop have different behavior taken or not taken. And can learn -kGWUDxiFOA-00446-00325761-00326240 appropriate scheme based on observer behavior and dynamic branch prediction scheme can be -kGWUDxiFOA-00447-00326240-00327053 used for both direction taken or not taken and target prediction. So, in my next lecture -kGWUDxiFOA-00448-00327053-00327645 I shall discuss in detail this dynamic technique that means dynamic prediction schemes can -kGWUDxiFOA-00449-00327645-00328328 be used. And we shall see how the performance is be improved by adopting to dynamic technique. -kGWUDxiFOA-00450-00328328-00328427 Thank you. -lJ3W5afXfE-00000-00000045-00000128 Alrighty! -lJ3W5afXfE-00001-00000128-00000377 Black Box is finally published to Flathub! -lJ3W5afXfE-00002-00000431-00000766 And I may was using it already for a month by getting it from Gitlab, -lJ3W5afXfE-00003-00000766-00001268 but it comes much easier to obtain updates and all those from the official Flatpak release. -lJ3W5afXfE-00004-00001293-00001413 Which reminds me! -lJ3W5afXfE-00005-00001448-00001577 Flatpak is love! -lJ3W5afXfE-00006-00001577-00001709 Flatpak is life! -lJ3W5afXfE-00007-00001709-00001896 Flatpak is GNOME headerbars! -lJ3W5afXfE-00008-00004340-00004800 So, we have the build manifest that was published in Flathub a few days back, -lJ3W5afXfE-00009-00004800-00005169 and the important thing is that's published from the original app creator. -lJ3W5afXfE-00010-00005200-00005603 That's important because Flathub is lacking the ability to verify ownerships, -lJ3W5afXfE-00011-00005603-00005813 so everyone can publish anything. -lJ3W5afXfE-00012-00005813-00006148 After some manual review from Flathub maintainers of course, -lJ3W5afXfE-00013-00006148-00006334 but that's not solving the problem. -lJ3W5afXfE-00014-00006387-00006825 So we're coming to Flathub beta, that introduces some typical functionality -lJ3W5afXfE-00015-00006825-00007187 like user logins and history, but also gives ownership for publishers, -lJ3W5afXfE-00016-00007187-00007473 and of course the possibility to host paid apps. -lJ3W5afXfE-00017-00007527-00007916 But that's a story for another movie, so lets go back to the main event, -lJ3W5afXfE-00018-00007916-00008213 and we better step on with the Black Box current issues, -lJ3W5afXfE-00019-00008213-00008414 that you should know if you're going to use it. -lJ3W5afXfE-00020-00008479-00008588 So. -lJ3W5afXfE-00021-00008588-00008869 The first and possibly the most annoying problem of all, -lJ3W5afXfE-00022-00008869-00009128 is that we can't copy a text on the clipboard. -lJ3W5afXfE-00023-00009179-00009620 And if we try we'll get a message saying this is an upstream problem on VTE. -lJ3W5afXfE-00024-00009620-00009909 Perhaps we should investigate a bit more on those? -lJ3W5afXfE-00025-00009962-00010373 To the Black Box bug tracker then, and scroll all the way to the bottom. -lJ3W5afXfE-00026-00010409-00010514 Here we are! -lJ3W5afXfE-00027-00010532-00010847 Can't copy from the Terminal, and upstream labeled. -lJ3W5afXfE-00028-00010898-00011329 And a very similar problem, we can't open links with Ctrl and Click. -lJ3W5afXfE-00029-00011329-00011493 Also upstream to VTE. -lJ3W5afXfE-00030-00011605-00011970 A less but still annoying thing is the lack of Files integration. -lJ3W5afXfE-00031-00012024-00012541 That means that if we open Files context menu, we'll get both Console and Terminal options, -lJ3W5afXfE-00032-00012541-00012715 but not Black Box. -lJ3W5afXfE-00033-00012715-00013147 That can be solved with an extension, but I hope Files can do a better job integrating -lJ3W5afXfE-00034-00013147-00013311 with other apps in the future. -lJ3W5afXfE-00035-00013393-00013477 Okay! -lJ3W5afXfE-00036-00013477-00013734 And finally I want to highlight the performance issue, -lJ3W5afXfE-00037-00013734-00014003 because lots of you have mentioned it on comments. -lJ3W5afXfE-00038-00014100-00014586 And again, this is yet another upstream bug on GTK4 port of VTE, -lJ3W5afXfE-00039-00014586-00014848 that obviously it also affects GNOME Builder. -lJ3W5afXfE-00040-00014891-00015311 So if you were wondering why our Terminals are still stacked on GTK3, -lJ3W5afXfE-00041-00015311-00015700 VTE port to GTK4 limitations is the biggest reason. -lJ3W5afXfE-00042-00015757-00016200 And can't be quite optimistic for the future, when Allan asks about the Terminal Roadmap -lJ3W5afXfE-00043-00016200-00016378 and the GTK4 port, -lJ3W5afXfE-00044-00016378-00016806 and the maintainer is saying most probably in GNOME 44 or 45. -lJ3W5afXfE-00045-00016806-00017074 And only assuming they gonna do the work! -lJ3W5afXfE-00046-00017074-00017202 So I'm wondering! -lJ3W5afXfE-00047-00017343-00017533 What's exactly great about that? -lJ3W5afXfE-00048-00017564-00017885 You're the mother**** GNOME, the project that is supposed to bring the -lJ3W5afXfE-00049-00017885-00018243 open source to everyone's computer, and you can't update one of your most core -lJ3W5afXfE-00050-00018243-00018500 modules, because a single developer can't find the -lJ3W5afXfE-00051-00018500-00018600 time? -lJ3W5afXfE-00052-00018600-00018944 Which makes me wondering, how GNOME can bring freedom to others, -lJ3W5afXfE-00053-00018944-00019104 when it's not free itself? -lJ3W5afXfE-00054-00019158-00019421 Because at some point you need budget to be free. -lJ3W5afXfE-00055-00019421-00019697 To be free to create, and make your vision a reality. -lJ3W5afXfE-00056-00019755-00020092 Speaking of vision, we have the introduction of this new Terminal -lJ3W5afXfE-00057-00020092-00020452 that aligns better with GNOME vision, or something like that anyway. -lJ3W5afXfE-00058-00020513-00021013 And according to this vision, the default Terminal Emulator, and everything else actually, -lJ3W5afXfE-00059-00021013-00021215 is made for the average user? -lJ3W5afXfE-00060-00021779-00022218 First of, I find the statement insulting, and you just can't grouping people. -lJ3W5afXfE-00061-00022218-00022689 But second and most importantly, they are not average users, only average apps. -lJ3W5afXfE-00062-00022819-00023130 Or average movies on YouTube! -lJV4V0triA-00000-00000000-00000300 Welcome to this LibreOffice video -lJV4V0triA-00001-00000300-00001100 Drawing tools offer default layout: type & line color, fill, and so on -lJV4V0triA-00002-00001100-00001700 All of these properties are editable ... -lJV4V0triA-00003-00001700-00002200 but the changes are not reused for the next drawing -lJV4V0triA-00004-00002200-00002600 We will see how to modify the default attributes -lJV4V0triA-00005-00002900-00003400 Create a document or Open an existing document -lJV4V0triA-00006-00003400-00004100 Select a drawing tool and *before* drawing, set the attributes -lJV4V0triA-00007-00004600-00005400 the properties are kept by default -lJV4V0triA-00008-00005400-00006000 this change is related to the current document -lJV4V0triA-00009-00006000-00007100 a new document uses default properties -lJV4V0triA-00010-00007200-00007800 Set is only active for the session, ie as long as the document is open -lJV4V0triA-00011-00007800-00008900 if we reopen the document we reuse the default properties -lJVLchdM70-00000-00000064-00000840 guys, i just noticed that a comment was pinned from 22 hours ago, and it was from the creator. this is -lJVLchdM70-00001-00000840-00001240 very, very, very, bad. this means you could be blocked out here. yeah. -lJVLchdM70-00002-00001416-00002007 if you do it here, because even though the video is nine years old, there's recent activity. oh. -mKgHjBFwvc-00000-00001114-00002415 Supermodel, Elle Macpherson, has what she drinks during Christmas In order to stay healthy, the model is a fan of filtered water, herbal teas and more -mKgHjBFwvc-00001-00002565-00003988 She often plumps for green vegetable juices and chai lattes in the afternoon The 53-year-old explained how she avoids alcohol at parties - she doesn't drink -mKgHjBFwvc-00002-00004138-00005840 By the time Christmas rolls around, prioritising our health isn't often at the forefront of people's minds. But for some, it's part and parcel of the job. Just ask Elle Macpherson. -mKgHjBFwvc-00003-00005990-00008037 The Australian supermodel recently exactly what she drinks to stay healthy during the festive season. She also explained her simple trick, which allows her to avoid alcohol during parties, but still enjoy a delicious (non-alcoholic) drink. -mKgHjBFwvc-00004-00008187-00009538 Writing in her monthlyGet the Gloss column, the 53-year-old said she finds herself 'irritable and uncomfortable' when she's dehydrated so she 'actively prevents' it: -mKgHjBFwvc-00005-00009688-00010907 'I used to wake up with a double espresso, but now I sip a hot water first thing, to gently boost my metabolism,' she explained. -mKgHjBFwvc-00006-00011057-00012677 Elle follows this with a 'daily dose' of her wellness powder, The Super Elixir powder - which contains 45 bio-live nutrients to 'support all eleven systems of the body' - before she works out. -mKgHjBFwvc-00007-00012827-00014778 Drinks Elle Macpherson enjoys to stay healthy at Christmas * Herbal teas. * Green vegetable juice. * Double espresso. Throughout the day, the model said she's a fan of filtered water, herbal teas and her own homemade turmeric tea: -mKgHjBFwvc-00008-00014928-00016706 '[This] is a concoction of turmeric powder and hot water with a large coriander sprig on top,' she explained. Elle added that she has also managed to swap her double espresso habit for a 'big green vegetable juice': -mKgHjBFwvc-00009-00016856-00018356 'Since juicing and taking The Super Elixir daily, my skin glows, brown spots have faded, the whites of my eyes are clear, and my tongue is no longer coated,' she added. -mKgHjBFwvc-00010-00018506-00019994 While the model - as an Australian - is still partial to coffee, she said she'll make sure she only has it in the morning - and always a double espresso - if she does have caffeine. -mKgHjBFwvc-00011-00020144-00022122 Later on in the day, she'll sip on a chai latte if she wants a nourishing hot drink. Finally, when it comes to alcohol, in order to stay in peak physical health, Elle explained that she steers clear of booze - and yes, even at parties: -mKgHjBFwvc-00012-00022272-00023746 'At parties, I'm partial to a virgin cocktail, such as mock Mojito made of fresh lime, slices of ginger, soda, lots of ice and a little mint on top,' she said. -mKgHjBFwvc-00013-00023896-00025564 Otherwise, she'll mix up ginger ale or elderflower water in a champagne glass - a simple trick, which will allow you to enjoy a drink - and the feeling of a drink - without consuming actual alcohol. -mKgHjBFwvc-00014-00025714-00026876 Recently, Elle opened up about her secrets for career longevity, as she explained how the alkaline diet changed her life. -mKgHjBFwvc-00015-00027026-00028262 Since taking up a predominantly plant-based diet, the 53-year-old has swapped meat for grains and enjoys plenty of leafy greens. -mKgHjBFwvc-00016-00028412-00029569 She said she's been left feeling more balanced than ever, full of renewed energy, with glowing skin, and with no cravings for sugar. -n64wDBB-6I-00000-00000558-00000694 hello everyone -n64wDBB-6I-00001-00000694-00001405 One day a burglar was brought before a judge for trial. -n64wDBB-6I-00002-00001405-00002460 The man had already been charged with burglary five times and found guilty each time. -n64wDBB-6I-00003-00002460-00003068 Before sentencing him the judge said, "You are here for the sixth time. -n64wDBB-6I-00004-00003068-00003288 You seem to be a professional burglar. -n64wDBB-6I-00005-00003288-00003727 Do you have anything to say?" -n64wDBB-6I-00006-00003727-00004290 The burglar said, "You ask me why I keep committing the same crime? -n64wDBB-6I-00007-00004290-00004833 Well, your honor, it is like this. -n64wDBB-6I-00008-00004833-00005273 The more a man has, the more a man wants." -n64wDBB-6I-00009-00005273-00005869 The judge replied, "Is that so? -n64wDBB-6I-00010-00005869-00006398 You say "the more a man has, the more a man wants." -n64wDBB-6I-00011-00006398-00006818 Well, I'll tell you what I'm going to do. -n64wDBB-6I-00012-00006818-00007365 I am sentencing you to seven years in jail. -n64wDBB-6I-00013-00007365-00008133 How many more would you like?" -n64wDBB-6I-00014-00008133-00008820 The burglar, the man who asked Jesus to help him settle the inheritance dispute with his -n64wDBB-6I-00015-00008820-00009418 brother and the rich farmer we hear about in today's gospel and so many others among -n64wDBB-6I-00016-00009418-00009890 us are obsessed with the desire for possessions. -n64wDBB-6I-00017-00009890-00010662 The Bible describes greed as one of the seven deadly sins. -n64wDBB-6I-00018-00010662-00011400 The world around us keeps telling us to plan ahead and accumulate as much wealth as possible -n64wDBB-6I-00019-00011400-00011940 for a comfortable and secure life. -n64wDBB-6I-00020-00011940-00012605 But in today's gospel Jesus sets before us the ways of God to counter the ways of the -n64wDBB-6I-00021-00012605-00012919 world. -n64wDBB-6I-00022-00012919-00013831 Accumulation of wealth may appear to be prudent and wise but Jesus deems it foolish and dangerous -n64wDBB-6I-00023-00013831-00014812 because Jesus says in today's gospel, "one's life does not consist of possessions". -n64wDBB-6I-00024-00014812-00015478 As Jesus was preaching to the people about fear and anxiety, a man asked Jesus to arbitrate -n64wDBB-6I-00025-00015478-00016119 the inheritance dispute between him and his brother. -n64wDBB-6I-00026-00016119-00016961 But Jesus wanted to help him make peace with God rather than with his brother. -n64wDBB-6I-00027-00016961-00017615 Even though he was demanding for his own fair share of the inheritance Jesus wanted him -n64wDBB-6I-00028-00017615-00018700 to know that life is about giving not getting, sharing not having more. -n64wDBB-6I-00029-00018700-00019471 Jesus' message was simple and direct to all who were listening to him. -n64wDBB-6I-00030-00019471-00020007 He warned them against all kinds of greed. -n64wDBB-6I-00031-00020007-00020493 Desire for more seems to be the root cause of greed. -n64wDBB-6I-00032-00020493-00021216 The man who sought Jesus had a strong desire to acquire more wealth without any thought -n64wDBB-6I-00033-00021216-00021742 of whether or not he needed them. -n64wDBB-6I-00034-00021742-00022648 He was more concerned about what he had on earth than what he would have in heaven. -n64wDBB-6I-00035-00022648-00023297 So Jesus warned him and others against their desire for more earthly possessions and told -n64wDBB-6I-00036-00023297-00023975 them a parable to illustrate the point that they must instead use their possessions to -n64wDBB-6I-00037-00023975-00025406 pursue a generous and joyful life, a life that is rich toward God. -n64wDBB-6I-00038-00025406-00026131 The farmer in the parable was blessed with rich harvest but wanted to store all of it -n64wDBB-6I-00039-00026131-00026974 for himself and fantasized what he would do with it. -n64wDBB-6I-00040-00026974-00027762 He talked to himself, "What shall I do, for I do not have space to store my harvest? -n64wDBB-6I-00041-00027762-00028506 This is what I shall do: I shall tear down my barns and build larger ones. -n64wDBB-6I-00042-00028506-00029358 There I shall store all my grain and other goods and I shall say to myself, "Now as for -n64wDBB-6I-00043-00029358-00031013 you, you have so many good things stored up for many years; rest, eat, drink and be merry." -n64wDBB-6I-00044-00031013-00031659 Notice how many times he used "I" and "my". -n64wDBB-6I-00045-00031659-00032253 He shut out everyone and everything else from his life. -n64wDBB-6I-00046-00032253-00032849 He definitely did not work nor harvest the crops himself. -n64wDBB-6I-00047-00032849-00033525 The harvest was plentiful also because of the soil and favorable weather. -n64wDBB-6I-00048-00033525-00034077 But he did not think of anyone else let alone God. -n64wDBB-6I-00049-00034077-00034388 He was preoccupied with his possessions. -n64wDBB-6I-00050-00034388-00034825 He maximized his own pleasure. -n64wDBB-6I-00051-00034825-00035124 Greed took hold of his life. -n64wDBB-6I-00052-00035124-00036013 It all came to an end when God said to him, "You fool, this night your life will be demanded -n64wDBB-6I-00053-00036013-00036443 of you; and the things you have prepared, to whom will they belong?" -n64wDBB-6I-00054-00036443-00037568 In the scriptures the word fool refers to those people who live their lives as if there -n64wDBB-6I-00055-00037568-00038561 were no God and everything including their physical life is under their control. -n64wDBB-6I-00056-00038561-00039693 In Psalm (14:1) it says, "The fool has said in his heart, "There is no God." -n64wDBB-6I-00057-00039693-00040469 Their deeds are corrupt and vile, not one of them does right". -n64wDBB-6I-00058-00040469-00041655 In the book of Sirach/Ecclesiasticus (22:13) the writer calls on us not to follow the fools, -n64wDBB-6I-00059-00041655-00042488 "Do not waste many words on the stupid, do not go near a dolt, an idiot. -n64wDBB-6I-00060-00042488-00043396 Beware of him, or you will have trouble and be tainted by him, keep away from him, and -n64wDBB-6I-00061-00043396-00044183 you will have peace of mind and not be exasperated by his folly". -n64wDBB-6I-00062-00044183-00045011 Many among of us could be more foolish than the rich fool Jesus speaks of in the parable. -n64wDBB-6I-00063-00045011-00045911 First of all, we must know that it's not wrong for us to enjoy the things of this world. -n64wDBB-6I-00064-00045911-00046508 The possessions are not evil in themselves and neither are the people who have them. -n64wDBB-6I-00065-00046508-00047222 But it is dangerous though, when we allow them to become too important. -n64wDBB-6I-00066-00047222-00048178 The desire for possessions has the capacity to make us arrogant, dishonest, exploitative -n64wDBB-6I-00067-00048178-00048474 and self-seeking. -n64wDBB-6I-00068-00048474-00049194 It has the power to block God out of the picture and ignore the needs of the neighbor, and -n64wDBB-6I-00069-00049194-00049549 it can obscure us from the glory of God. -n64wDBB-6I-00070-00049549-00049888 Therefore, let us be honest. -n64wDBB-6I-00071-00049888-00050813 We all, whether we are rich or poor, single or married, priest or lay people, have the -n64wDBB-6I-00072-00050813-00051162 tendency to want more. -n64wDBB-6I-00073-00051162-00051416 The more we have the more we want. -n64wDBB-6I-00074-00051416-00051991 The appetite for more possessions is never satisfied. -n64wDBB-6I-00075-00051991-00052391 We are never content. -n64wDBB-6I-00076-00052391-00053252 Today's gospel is a reminder to protect ourselves from the strong desire for more and more possessions. -n64wDBB-6I-00077-00053252-00053826 Let us keep ourselves from the evils and sins that greed can lead to. -n64wDBB-6I-00078-00053826-00054615 How many families, marriages, relationships have been destroyed because of our greed for -n64wDBB-6I-00079-00054615-00054784 material possessions? -n64wDBB-6I-00080-00054784-00055663 Let us beware of the great temptation to put our faith and trust in them rather than in -n64wDBB-6I-00081-00055663-00055895 God. -n64wDBB-6I-00082-00055895-00057086 As Saint Paul says in today's second reading Colossians (3:5), let us "put to death whatever -n64wDBB-6I-00083-00057086-00058128 earthly: immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and the greed that is idolatry". -n64wDBB-6I-00084-00058128-00058774 Second, let us be thankful to God for all His many blessings. -n64wDBB-6I-00085-00058774-00059501 It's important to acknowledge that all the things we have in this world come from God -n64wDBB-6I-00086-00059501-00060007 and in every possession there is a contribution from another human being. -n64wDBB-6I-00087-00060007-00060678 We are blessed so that we might be a blessing to others. -n64wDBB-6I-00088-00060678-00061569 Let us be generous and willing to share the excess we have with those who are less fortunate. -n64wDBB-6I-00089-00061569-00062534 Third, our relationship with God is much more important than our possessions. -n64wDBB-6I-00090-00062534-00063211 God knows quite well what's deep within our human heart; He knows that in spite of our -n64wDBB-6I-00091-00063211-00063959 piety and devotion to him we are attached to the pleasures of the flesh, money, power, -n64wDBB-6I-00092-00063959-00064295 prestige, and possessions. -n64wDBB-6I-00093-00064295-00065022 Sometimes we measure our self-worth and others by how much we have or how many things we -n64wDBB-6I-00094-00065022-00065232 own or how we look. -n64wDBB-6I-00095-00065232-00066169 We live in a world of illusion; vanity of vanities as the author of the Book of Ecclesiastes -n64wDBB-6I-00096-00066169-00066326 calls it. -n64wDBB-6I-00097-00066326-00067374 Let us examine today how we shut ourselves from God and others because of our own greed. -n64wDBB-6I-00098-00067374-00067953 Let us ask God for forgiveness and mercy. -n64wDBB-6I-00099-00067953-00068712 As Saint Paul says today in his letter to the Colossians, let us "seek the things that -n64wDBB-6I-00100-00068712-00068913 are above. -n64wDBB-6I-00101-00068913-00069689 Let us set our minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth." -n64wDBB-6I-00102-00069689-00069930 (P) Amen. -n64wDBB-6I-00103-00069930-00070007 God Bless You! _3ucwGlkXYu-00000-00019622-00020186 Cascoda is a fabless semiconductor company. We make semiconductor devices for the _3ucwGlkXYu-00001-00020186-00020636 internet of things. So that it's radio devices that solves one of the fundamental _3ucwGlkXYu-00002-00020636-00021186 problems for the internet of things, that is we have very low-power radios. _3ucwGlkXYu-00003-00027075-00027538 At lucid we have developed the first-tier topic 3D camera for virtual _3ucwGlkXYu-00004-00027538-00027952 reality, using a lucid camera is like seeing the world through other people's _3ucwGlkXYu-00005-00027952-00028383 eyes. With 3D you feel like you are there ,because you can feel like you can touch _3ucwGlkXYu-00006-00028383-00028843 the people in front of you. You feel the depth 360, 2D doesn't give me the same _3ucwGlkXYu-00007-00028843-00029256 experience. As immersive as a lucid cam can capture. _3ucwGlkXYu-00008-00030058-00030476 The viewer has full control of the VR experience and now you can look around _3ucwGlkXYu-00009-00030476-00030905 you can feel like you are right there at that place because lucid cam allows _3ucwGlkXYu-00010-00030905-00031406 anybody to create content and that's what we've believe in leading with the _3ucwGlkXYu-00011-00031406-00031656 experience and set off the technology _3MLHtMjesQ-00000-00000030-00000222 When I mentioned in my speech _3MLHtMjesQ-00001-00000222-00000548 Ummm...that I was surprised particularly because it was an awkward book _3MLHtMjesQ-00002-00000548-00000852 I was picking up on something that the judges said in their citation _3MLHtMjesQ-00003-00000852-00001170 They said in their citation that it wasn’t a book for everyone _3MLHtMjesQ-00004-00001170-00001554 and I felt that to be true and I remember writing it _3MLHtMjesQ-00005-00001554-00001923 and when you’re writing a book of course you get advice from people _3MLHtMjesQ-00006-00001923-00002476 and they might say ‘it would be more popular if you did this’ ‘it would be more appealing if you did that’ _3MLHtMjesQ-00007-00002476-00002922 and I made a really conscious decision to write the book that I really believed in _3MLHtMjesQ-00008-00002922-00003382 and that was the book I wanted to write that I thought was true to the material _3MLHtMjesQ-00009-00003382-00004064 and so I felt really moved and I feel really moved that the judges could recognise that. _4r3rPU7PEA-00000-00000000-00000344 Open a Safari and on the menu bar click Preferences. _4r3rPU7PEA-00001-00000534-00000686 Click the General tab. _4r3rPU7PEA-00002-00000819-00001964 Set File Download Location to the chosen location of your Safari downloads. _7wtmHCZ3y8-00000-00000000-00000552 hi everyone and welcome to the first day of daylight savings time and for those _7wtmHCZ3y8-00001-00000552-00001019 of us who are not morning people it can be a bit of a shock we kind of drag _7wtmHCZ3y8-00002-00001019-00001407 ourselves through it I'm not in a bad mood first thing in the morning I just _7wtmHCZ3y8-00003-00001407-00002153 don't really exist yet and so I find daylight savings time a stretch but I _7wtmHCZ3y8-00004-00002153-00002535 wanted to read a couple of quotes today and I'm not going to give a lot of _7wtmHCZ3y8-00005-00002535-00003132 commentary because I think they speak for themselves but these quotes are a _7wtmHCZ3y8-00006-00003132-00003629 little bit longer so feel free to rewind and listen to them again and here's the _7wtmHCZ3y8-00007-00003629-00004337 first quote it's by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and he says I have come to the _7wtmHCZ3y8-00008-00004337-00004862 frightful conclusion that I am the decisive element it is my personal _7wtmHCZ3y8-00009-00004862-00005450 approach that creates the climate it is my daily mood that makes so whether I _7wtmHCZ3y8-00010-00005450-00006075 possess tremendous power to make life miserable or joyful I can be a tool of _7wtmHCZ3y8-00011-00006075-00006867 torture or an instrument of inspiration I can humiliate or humor hurt or heal in _7wtmHCZ3y8-00012-00006867-00007515 all situations it is my response that decides whether a crisis is escalated _7wtmHCZ3y8-00013-00007515-00008115 our de-escalated and a person is humanized are dehumanized if we treat _7wtmHCZ3y8-00014-00008115-00008747 people as they are we make them worse if we treat people as they ought to be we _7wtmHCZ3y8-00015-00008747-00009195 help them become what they are capable of becoming and now let's do that last _7wtmHCZ3y8-00016-00009195-00009725 couple of sentences and apply them to ourselves if we treat ourselves as we _7wtmHCZ3y8-00017-00009725-00010374 are we make ourselves worse if we treat ourselves as we ought to be we help _7wtmHCZ3y8-00018-00010374-00011031 ourselves become what we are capable of becoming and the second quote is on the _7wtmHCZ3y8-00019-00011031-00011577 daily Christian quote website and it is also in the daily Christian quote _7wtmHCZ3y8-00020-00011577-00012120 Facebook group you can join the daily Christian quote Facebook group by just _7wtmHCZ3y8-00021-00012120-00012711 looking for daily Christian quote Facebook group altogether and you'll _7wtmHCZ3y8-00022-00012711-00013362 find me so this is by Jill Parr Jill par is the wife of Brian Hardin _7wtmHCZ3y8-00023-00013362-00014119 who is the creator of the Daily Audio Bible, Jill is an incredible woman of God _7wtmHCZ3y8-00024-00014119-00014781 honest transparent not afraid to talk about the difficult challenges but she's _7wtmHCZ3y8-00025-00014781-00015398 always got hope there she's overcome an awful lot even in the last few years and _7wtmHCZ3y8-00026-00015398-00015950 she still got some issues that are going on as well but you can find her on _7wtmHCZ3y8-00027-00015950-00016719 Facebook on the Daily Audio Women group don't let the name put you _7wtmHCZ3y8-00028-00016719-00017279 off men because what she has to say will speak to your heart as well and it might _7wtmHCZ3y8-00029-00017279-00017997 help you along your journey and this is what Jill had to say: maybe today was _7wtmHCZ3y8-00030-00017997-00018639 hard on you maybe you're in a difficult season maybe grief has robbed your joy _7wtmHCZ3y8-00031-00018639-00019212 maybe you feel all alone maybe you wanted to find thanks and gratitude but _7wtmHCZ3y8-00032-00019212-00019866 circumstances have you feeling like life is more unfair than it is good can _7wtmHCZ3y8-00033-00019866-00020370 I just tell you that you made it the only way to get through hard things is _7wtmHCZ3y8-00034-00020370-00020885 to do just that get through it you did it _7wtmHCZ3y8-00035-00020885-00021482 you're through it and hope still abounds joy is still to be found _7wtmHCZ3y8-00036-00021482-00022323 mercies are new every morning grace is still endless you are never alone and _7wtmHCZ3y8-00037-00022323-00023148 the only thing you have to BE is just to BE so if you're going through a rough _7wtmHCZ3y8-00038-00023148-00023640 day and you got air in your lungs and your breathing in and out you're already _7wtmHCZ3y8-00039-00023640-00024251 going through it and there will be an other side so I leave you today with _7wtmHCZ3y8-00040-00024251-00024707 those two quotes it's up to you how you're going to look at your _7wtmHCZ3y8-00041-00024707-00025187 circumstances and how you're going to speak into other people circumstances _7wtmHCZ3y8-00042-00025187-00025652 but if you're really going through a really rough time and you cannot keep _7wtmHCZ3y8-00043-00025652-00026349 your head above the water remember who is holding you up and who is a lifter of _7wtmHCZ3y8-00044-00026349-00026852 your head I'll talk to you soon bye bye _sc4FsQJ3xI-00000-00000000-00002684 beautylacehair.com _vqYUGPvQVc-00000-00000562-00001006 Yea yea yea yea, oh yea _vqYUGPvQVc-00001-00001006-00001276 Why I gotta try so hard o impress ya _vqYUGPvQVc-00002-00001286-00001732 I don't think you get the picture. These late nights don't seem to make it better _vqYUGPvQVc-00003-00001848-00002172 Well depending on the weather most days that the trip cooking up a for pleasure _vqYUGPvQVc-00004-00002172-00002484 Even on your new phone you got a different tone _vqYUGPvQVc-00005-00002490-00002938 Everytime i'm catching up it feels like a different zone, my generations favourite song is never this long _vqYUGPvQVc-00006-00002938-00003204 If we go left to right the wrongs _vqYUGPvQVc-00007-00003206-00003540 Interesting for those who come from that school of thought _vqYUGPvQVc-00008-00003540-00003740 Wonder what would happen if the fighters faught _vqYUGPvQVc-00009-00003744-00003972 Whole revolutions on my mind but I'm so distraught they just want a license for _vqYUGPvQVc-00010-00003972-00004454 They just want a license for anything televised. So i look at it with wary eyes _vqYUGPvQVc-00011-00004454-00004902 Never claimed to have a third open to suggestions. Know there's an answer never stop asking questions _vqYUGPvQVc-00012-00004902-00005102 You can see it with your eyes closed, (Naw) _vqYUGPvQVc-00013-00005114-00005376 There not a cooler Scenario (Yeah) _vqYUGPvQVc-00014-00005376-00005864 Its the feeling and the tempo, that leaves you with a whole other mental _vqYUGPvQVc-00015-00005874-00006162 You can see with your eyes closed (Naw) _vqYUGPvQVc-00016-00006162-00006409 There's not a cooler Scenario (Yeah) _vqYUGPvQVc-00017-00006412-00006900 It's the feeling and the tempo, that leaves you with a whole other mental _vqYUGPvQVc-00018-00006916-00007420 Still dead broke so we don't eat platters, supposedly healthy putting tuna in my lettuce _vqYUGPvQVc-00019-00007428-00007681 Even I would be woke if they really let us _vqYUGPvQVc-00020-00007692-00008008 Like most creatures controlled by who's feeding us _vqYUGPvQVc-00021-00008008-00008164 Gotta ask who's leading us _vqYUGPvQVc-00022-00008164-00008542 if we stay strong there is really no defeat is every single time I think we _vqYUGPvQVc-00023-00008543-00008846 gonna stand tall it becomes clearer cos the writing's on the _vqYUGPvQVc-00024-00008846-00009305 wall. The harder we fight then the harder we fall. Do less for self and do _vqYUGPvQVc-00025-00009305-00009664 more for all. That's my new way to fight an old war _vqYUGPvQVc-00026-00009664-00010196 Why you think I do this for. Child of the struggle can't brainwash me. Just need _vqYUGPvQVc-00027-00010196-00010811 direction like Scorsese cuz this is not as easy as ABC. You can't deny what I see _vqYUGPvQVc-00028-00010811-00011053 You can see it with your eyes closed (Naw) _vqYUGPvQVc-00029-00011053-00011352 There's not a cooler Scenario (Yeah) _vqYUGPvQVc-00030-00011354-00011840 It's the feeling and the tempo, that leaves you with a whole other mental _vqYUGPvQVc-00031-00012882-00013058 Young man, Hustlin _vqYUGPvQVc-00032-00013062-00013269 Your all about the money _vqYUGPvQVc-00033-00013269-00013858 Take notice, what if you had to let it go? _vqYUGPvQVc-00034-00013858-00014319 To make a better living, to see that you're the sunshine _vqYUGPvQVc-00035-00014319-00014852 To walk the living body, mind soul and spirit _vqYUGPvQVc-00036-00014852-00015074 Young man, hustlin _vqYUGPvQVc-00037-00015074-00015312 You're all about the money _vqYUGPvQVc-00038-00015312-00015804 Take notice, what if without it no wahala? (No worries) _vqYUGPvQVc-00039-00015804-00016316 To some this sounds like garage, but i just want you thinking _vqYUGPvQVc-00040-00016316-00016648 Really thinking.... _vqYUGPvQVc-00041-00016648-00016848 Out of mind thinking! _vIkjXb42yE-00000-00002760-00002930 Please remember when you're reading the problem, _vIkjXb42yE-00001-00002930-00003329 we need to speak nice and loud and clear, and our friends should be listening. _vIkjXb42yE-00002-00003329-00003420 Lindsay, please. _vIkjXb42yE-00003-00003420-00003790 I need to place sod in my new garden, shown below. _vIkjXb42yE-00004-00003790-00004110 How many square units of sod will I need to order? _vIkjXb42yE-00005-00004110-00004450 Explain how you solved the problem. _vIkjXb42yE-00006-00004450-00004660 Great. Excellent. How about one more time, _vIkjXb42yE-00007-00004660-00005050 just to make sure we know what's being asked of us, and we know what to do. _vIkjXb42yE-00008-00005050-00005310 Samantha, can you do that for us? _vIkjXb42yE-00009-00005310-00005900 I need to place sod in my new garden, shown below. _vIkjXb42yE-00010-00005900-00006450 How many square units of sod will I need to order? _vIkjXb42yE-00011-00006450-00006600 Explain how you solved the problem. _y2shhnOM7k-00000-00000053-00000296 Starting with a Small Piece _y2shhnOM7k-00001-00000296-00000670 The Size of the Meat is Getting Bigger _y2shhnOM7k-00002-00000746-00000986 Having a Big Piece at a Bite Easily _y2shhnOM7k-00003-00001106-00001370 Yes, This is It~ _y2shhnOM7k-00004-00001443-00001693 Cutting~ _y2shhnOM7k-00005-00001693-00002053 Ami, the Tailor of Mukfia _y2shhnOM7k-00006-00002126-00002640 Meat Slurping~ _y2shhnOM7k-00007-00002640-00002870 OMG!!! _y2shhnOM7k-00008-00002870-00003183 I thought she was eating a half-dried squid. _y2shhnOM7k-00009-00003183-00003373 Not a Squid but Spicy Chicken _y2shhnOM7k-00010-00003373-00003670 A New World _y2shhnOM7k-00011-00003670-00003833 She's swallowing the first part while chewing the rest. _y2shhnOM7k-00012-00003833-00004106 Yes, just like pulling a rope~ _y2shhnOM7k-00013-00004106-00004393 Due to Ami Who is Slurping Meat _y2shhnOM7k-00014-00004393-00004860 The Meat on the Grill is Disappearing Fast _y2shhnOM7k-00015-00004860-00005050 All gone right away. _y2shhnOM7k-00016-00005050-00005210 At one big bite! _y2shhnOM7k-00017-00005210-00005346 Should we order some more now? _y2shhnOM7k-00018-00005346-00005456 Yes, let's do that! _y2shhnOM7k-00019-00005456-00005750 Suhyang Orders Extra Meat to Continue the Flow of Eating _y2shhnOM7k-00020-00005750-00006053 10 extra servings of spicy chicken, please! _y2shhnOM7k-00021-00006053-00006196 Can you eat them all? _y2shhnOM7k-00022-00006196-00006293 Yes, of course! _y2shhnOM7k-00023-00006293-00006546 We're still hungry... _y2shhnOM7k-00024-00006666-00006883 5 servings are being grilled there. _y2shhnOM7k-00025-00006883-00007109 That's not enough for us. _y2shhnOM7k-00026-00007109-00007340 They've ordered extra 10 servings of spicy chicken. _y2shhnOM7k-00027-00007500-00007706 20 servings in total! _y2shhnOM7k-00028-00007706-00007896 1st Team is Speeding Up from the Beginning _y2shhnOM7k-00029-00007896-00008403 Ma'am, just keep grilling the meat for us there. _y2shhnOM7k-00030-00008403-00008610 You're not shooting mukbang here, are you? _y2shhnOM7k-00031-00008610-00008796 Pricked... _y2shhnOM7k-00032-00008796-00008990 Mukbang? What's That? _y2shhnOM7k-00033-00008990-00009176 It's because we eat a lot... _y2shhnOM7k-00034-00009176-00009460 We eat just a bit more than ordinary people. _y2shhnOM7k-00035-00009460-00009726 Not just a bit more... _y2shhnOM7k-00036-00009726-00010266 Busy Kitchen and Busy Owner _y2shhnOM7k-00037-00010266-00010446 Eunhee, grill the extra meat, too. _y2shhnOM7k-00038-00010446-00010610 Give me the grilled one. _y2shhnOM7k-00039-00010953-00011090 Hold on! I'll ask them. _y2shhnOM7k-00040-00011090-00011270 The Owner is Coming to the Staff _y2shhnOM7k-00041-00011270-00011443 Did you send the girls? _y2shhnOM7k-00042-00011443-00011603 Undercover PD Who? _y2shhnOM7k-00043-00011603-00011836 The Operation Can't Be Revealed Just Like That _y2shhnOM7k-00044-00011836-00012093 How young girls can eat 20 servings of spicy chicken? _y2shhnOM7k-00045-00012093-00012230 Why are they eating so much? _y2shhnOM7k-00046-00012230-00012390 Shaking Head _y2shhnOM7k-00047-00012693-00012933 5 Servings in the Whole Pieces are Served Now _y2shhnOM7k-00048-00013073-00013290 Since the meat is pre-grilled, you can eat it right away. _y2shhnOM7k-00049-00013290-00013510 It'll be fully grilled at light speed. _y2shhnOM7k-00050-00013663-00013993 The Meat Grilled at Light Speed _y2shhnOM7k-00051-00013993-00014286 is Being Eaten at Light Speed! _y2shhnOM7k-00052-00014286-00014603 Starting with Ssuda _y2shhnOM7k-00053-00014823-00015286 The Whole Spicy Chicken Eat is Continuing Like the Wave _y2shhnOM7k-00054-00015286-00015510 Look at the Size of the Chicken Meat! _y2shhnOM7k-00055-00015510-00015683 OMG~ At one bite~ _y2shhnOM7k-00056-00015806-00016030 Clap! _y2shhnOM7k-00057-00016030-00016256 Dipping into the Sauce _y2shhnOM7k-00058-00016256-00016516 Putting into the Mouth _y2shhnOM7k-00059-00016516-00016660 How could she do that? _y2shhnOM7k-00060-00017000-00017286 When having a full bite, _y2shhnOM7k-00061-00017286-00017413 the meat juice is bursting in the mouth! _y2shhnOM7k-00062-00017413-00017590 It's out of this world! _y2shhnOM7k-00063-00017590-00017923 The skin is really tender~ _y2shhnOM7k-00064-00018086-00018383 With Green Onion Salad Now _y2shhnOM7k-00065-00018640-00019040 A Super Big Chicken Piece at One Bite _y2shhnOM7k-00066-00019380-00019596 I've never seen such a thing before. _y2shhnOM7k-00067-00019596-00019723 How do you feel about watching it? _y2shhnOM7k-00068-00019880-00020070 Is that possible? _y2shhnOM7k-00069-00020070-00020240 I want to try it, too. _y2shhnOM7k-00070-00020240-00020386 Challenge it later. _y2shhnOM7k-00071-00020386-00020500 Call~ _y2shhnOM7k-00072-00020500-00020800 Honey J Can Do It _y2shhnOM7k-00073-00020800-00021153 I'll put some onion on the meat! _y2shhnOM7k-00074-00021153-00021406 Spicy Chicken Roll _y2shhnOM7k-00075-00021543-00021786 Putting into the Mouth~ _y2shhnOM7k-00076-00021786-00022100 Oh, that must be yummy~ _y2shhnOM7k-00077-00022253-00022573 This is the Taste! _y2shhnOM7k-00078-00022573-00022873 Everybody is Busy with Eating It _y2shhnOM7k-00079-00022873-00023190 The First 10 Servings _y2shhnOM7k-00080-00023190-00023336 Have Gone Right Away, Huh? _y2shhnOM7k-00081-00023430-00023603 Just like cotton candy, it's gone in 10 minutes! _y2shhnOM7k-00082-00023603-00023666 Empty~ _ygj7mJJjlk-00000-00000768-00000940 Well this started in mid-September, when I received a request from English clients, which _ygj7mJJjlk-00001-00000940-00001040 I had a few years ago. _ygj7mJJjlk-00002-00001040-00001140 They asked me if it was possible for them to see Venice without leaving home. _ygj7mJJjlk-00003-00001140-00002016 They suggested that I buy a stabilizer, to look at what was already being done in London _ygj7mJJjlk-00004-00002016-00002509 and in the United States on the net. _ygj7mJJjlk-00005-00002509-00002922 From there I understood how I could work with them. _ygj7mJJjlk-00006-00002922-00003537 I already knew the platform, as I had been using it since the beginning of March to do _ygj7mJJjlk-00007-00003537-00004155 webinars from home, with photos and themes on Venice. _ygj7mJJjlk-00008-00004155-00004955 I had already experienced this platform, it was just a matter of carrying it on the mobile _ygj7mJJjlk-00009-00004955-00005453 and no longer being at home but being outside and being in contact with these people via _ygj7mJJjlk-00010-00005453-00005821 the headset. _ygj7mJJjlk-00011-00005821-00006347 It seems a bit strange, talking alone, moving alone, smiling, watching again and being moved, _ygj7mJJjlk-00012-00006347-00007422 but I'm not alone because on the other side there are people who can't wait to go back _ygj7mJJjlk-00013-00007422-00007522 to Venice. _ygj7mJJjlk-00014-00007522-00007966 Emotionally it is very engaging, I thought it would not be like this, I was very skeptical _ygj7mJJjlk-00015-00007966-00009336 at the beginning and instead then I saw that I like it, they like it and it can do good _ygj7mJJjlk-00016-00009336-00009915 for the city, because in the end I have the possibility to make these visits too. _ygj7mJJjlk-00017-00009915-00010534 inside the museums bringing virtual tickets to the Venetian museums. _zGMjopWJNg-00000-00001300-00001828 Fact anyone can be a victim or survivor of domestic violence it does not matter where _zGMjopWJNg-00001-00001829-00002223 you’re from, you’re from Brooklyn, you’re from the Bronx ,if you grew up with two parents _zGMjopWJNg-00002-00002223-00002833 or in foster care it does not matter your age your sexuality even your gender anyone _zGMjopWJNg-00003-00002833-00003409 can be a victim or survivor of dating violence and in addition anybody can be an abuser there’s _zGMjopWJNg-00004-00003409-00003738 no way of looking at someone one and being able to tell that someone’s going to be _zGMjopWJNg-00005-00003738-00003838 abusive. _zGMjopWJNg-00006-00003838-00004292 no one has a little name tag like, Hi I’m an abuser nice to meet you and no one’s _zGMjopWJNg-00007-00004292-00004744 ever going to come up to you and say "hey you’re so cute let me get your number Ima punch you _zGMjopWJNg-00008-00004744-00005078 in the face in three months" that’s not gonna happen. _AG8paxn3ju-00000-00000000-00000856 to your night do you want to get healed this is your night do you want to get delivered _AG8paxn3ju-00001-00000936-00001776 this is your night do you want open doors from the lord this is your night i assure you _AG8paxn3ju-00002-00001848-00002384 by the grace of god that god's presence is in this crusade _AG8paxn3ju-00003-00002528-00003168 and the hand of the lord is upon his servant to reach you at the very point of your needs _AG8paxn3ju-00004-00003392-00004088 that yoke shall be destroyed that challenge is seen in your life you will see it no more _AG8paxn3ju-00005-00004280-00004616 just look at that challenge begin to tell that challenge bye bye _AG8paxn3ju-00006-00004832-00005672 you will never go home with that situation that ugly situation in your life you will never go home _AG8paxn3ju-00007-00005672-00006368 without sickness you will never go home without disease you will never go home without pain _AG8paxn3ju-00008-00006520-00007184 you will never go home with that demonic attack and oppression the yoke shall be broken tonight _AG8paxn3ju-00009-00007352-00007944 the yoke shall be broken tonight just tell the lord this is what i need _AG8paxn3ju-00010-00008120-00008872 and tell the devil you're satan jesus defeated you on the cross of calvary on my behalf _AG8paxn3ju-00011-00008976-00009712 about two thousand years ago your power is finished i will never go home with this problem _AG8paxn3ju-00012-00009936-00010456 tell the devil i will never go home with this sin in my life _AG8paxn3ju-00013-00010640-00011384 tell the devil today is the end of this drunkenness today is the end of that sin _AG8paxn3ju-00014-00012064-00012272 whatever you desire tell the lord _AG8paxn3ju-00015-00012520-00013136 remember those who have testimonies rise up go towards my left-hand side _AG8paxn3ju-00016-00013247-00013784 before you get to the end of the wall at my left-hand side you will see the leaders _AG8paxn3ju-00017-00013784-00014456 there who will interview you and give you the opportunity to come and give your testimony _AG8paxn3ju-00018-00014904-00015288 if you don't know where to go look at the russians standing by you _AG8paxn3ju-00019-00015288-00015584 they will carry you to where they will interview you _AG8paxn3ju-00020-00016176-00016744 if you were interviewed yesterday and you didn't have the opportunity to give the testimony _AG8paxn3ju-00021-00016824-00017600 join them and go there so that you'll be given a chance tonight to testify to the glory of god _AG8paxn3ju-00022-00017872-00018384 the oceans are standing all over they will direct you _AG8paxn3ju-00023-00018616-00019128 what is that challenge in your life the lord is taking the word this night _AG8paxn3ju-00024-00019392-00019784 the lord is breaking the yoke this night _AG8paxn3ju-00025-00019912-00020272 look at that situation bad person you came with _AG8paxn3ju-00026-00020504-00020872 that person will never go home the same way you brought him or her _AG8paxn3ju-00027-00021112-00021848 right now you are in the presence of the lord and where the spirit of the lord is there is liberty _AG8paxn3ju-00028-00021952-00022896 you will be liberated tonight from that yoke from that chain from that sickness this night blind _AG8paxn3ju-00029-00022896-00023984 eyes will open deaf ears will hear dumb tongues will speak broken bones will be joined together _AG8paxn3ju-00030-00024136-00024928 whatsoever is your need and desire the lord is here to meet you at the very point of your needs _AG8paxn3ju-00031-00025080-00025600 tell the lord until the problem problem you are not going with me _AG8paxn3ju-00032-00025783-00026312 your life is finished jesus destroyed you on the cross of calvary _AG8paxn3ju-00033-00026600-00027527 i am not your customer my body is the temple of the holy spirit my body is not a temple of sin _AG8paxn3ju-00034-00027704-00028592 not the temple of sicknesses nor the temple of diseases and i assure you if you pray in _AG8paxn3ju-00035-00028592-00029583 the name of the lord and believe tonight you will see the power of god the glory of god _AG8paxn3ju-00036-00029904-00030432 every word that we coming out of the mouth of the servant of the lord tonight _AG8paxn3ju-00037-00030568-00031552 every word has a person to meet this night tell the lord lord speak to me speak to me _AG8paxn3ju-00038-00031639-00032392 speak to me every word has a person the world is looking for tell the lord this night i want _AG8paxn3ju-00039-00032392-00033232 to catch the word lord i want to catch the rhema lord i want to catch that word from your servant _AG8paxn3ju-00040-00033456-00034208 the word of salvation the word of restoration the word of deliverance _AG8paxn3ju-00041-00034296-00035224 the word of healing the word that brings open doors for you god the lord _AG8paxn3ju-00042-00035224-00036584 lord help me to catch the world help me to catch my miracle tonight _AG8paxn3ju-00043-00036704-00036896 in jesus name we pray _AG8paxn3ju-00044-00037064-00037832 remember if you have a testimony you have not given the testimony meet the oceans there _AG8paxn3ju-00045-00037832-00039384 they will take you down to my left hand side so that you will have the opportunity to testify _AG8paxn3ju-00046-00044624-00044632 you _ALA9hues2g-00000-00000016-00000434 Reduce Your Fat With Zeltiq Coolsculpting Treatment in Algonquin IL _ALA9hues2g-00001-00000454-00000754 What is CoolSculpting? _ALA9hues2g-00002-00000770-00001176 CoolSculpting is a cosmetic procedure that freezes away unwanted fat. _ALA9hues2g-00003-00001202-00001816 It can help patients deal with areas of the body that have not improved after diet and exercise. _ALA9hues2g-00004-00001844-00002406 CoolSculpting is extremely versatile and can be used to reduce fat almost anywhere on the body. _ALA9hues2g-00005-00002428-00002924 Most patients use CoolSculpting on the abdomen, flanks, thighs, back, or upper arms. _ALA9hues2g-00006-00002942-00003311 How CoolSculpting is different from weight loss procedures _ALA9hues2g-00007-00003329-00003634 When you gain weight, _ALA9hues2g-00008-00003664-00003972 the fat cells increase in size. _ALA9hues2g-00009-00003994-00004290 This is where CoolSculpting can help. _ALA9hues2g-00010-00004310-00004612 When you lose weight, _ALA9hues2g-00011-00004636-00004946 your fat cells shrink in size, _ALA9hues2g-00012-00004966-00005288 but the actual number of cells stays the same. _ALA9hues2g-00013-00005312-00005624 Weight gain and loss can affect each body differently, _ALA9hues2g-00014-00005646-00006078 and it’s impossible to control where your body gains or loses weight. _ALA9hues2g-00015-00006096-00006631 Many individuals become frustrated because they’ve worked hard to reach a goal weight, _ALA9hues2g-00016-00006650-00007022 yet they are still unhappy with certain areas of the body _ALA9hues2g-00017-00007036-00007316 such as the love handles or muffin top. _ALA9hues2g-00018-00007340-00007750 CoolSculpting is designed to address those targeted areas of fat. _ALA9hues2g-00019-00007764-00008088 Unlike weight loss surgeries, _ALA9hues2g-00020-00008088-00008480 CoolSculpting is not a solution to lose significant pounds. _ALA9hues2g-00021-00008488-00008932 Instead, it freezes and eliminates targeted pockets of fat to sculpt _ALA9hues2g-00022-00008956-00009218 stubborn problem areas to improve body shape. _BOaJbfK4N0-00000-00000042-00000282 Mr President, Mr Prime Minister, _BOaJbfK4N0-00001-00000286-00000382 Ladies and Gentlemen, _BOaJbfK4N0-00002-00000518-00000992 How far will you go? How long will you try our patience? _BOaJbfK4N0-00003-00001010-00001094 Let me explain myself. _BOaJbfK4N0-00004-00001188-00001602 La France Insoumise was attentively looking forward to your speech. _BOaJbfK4N0-00005-00001602-00001732 It is the only one that matters, _BOaJbfK4N0-00006-00001764-00002280 for a solemn vote will follow, without which you would not be able to govern this country. _BOaJbfK4N0-00007-00002422-00003026 And then we heard two long post-scripts to the speech of the President of the Republic _BOaJbfK4N0-00008-00003066-00003240 for two hours. Why not... _BOaJbfK4N0-00009-00003296-00003476 As for me, all I have is ten minutes. _BOaJbfK4N0-00010-00003572-00004076 Under these circumstances, does this even look like a parliamentary debate? _BOaJbfK4N0-00011-00004116-00004276 I wanted to tell you this to pay homage to you. _BOaJbfK4N0-00012-00004282-00004542 Your speech deserves better than a ten-minute commentary, _BOaJbfK4N0-00013-00004544-00004810 but I don't have time to compliment you either. _BOaJbfK4N0-00014-00005054-00005278 I first wanted to convince you. _BOaJbfK4N0-00015-00005300-00005454 I'll try to do that later. _BOaJbfK4N0-00016-00005476-00005862 All I can do right now is inform citizens and denounce your project. _BOaJbfK4N0-00017-00006004-00006396 In this vote of confidence, we will not support your government. _BOaJbfK4N0-00018-00006400-00006530 You knew we would not. _BOaJbfK4N0-00019-00006709-00007112 Only in our parliamentary group will all the members vote against the government, _BOaJbfK4N0-00020-00007122-00007250 I want to stress that fact. _BOaJbfK4N0-00021-00007328-00007642 However, our objective is not simply to be the opposition to your government. _BOaJbfK4N0-00022-00007645-00008218 We are the alternative to the world you represent. _BOaJbfK4N0-00023-00008300-00008490 There has to be one, _BOaJbfK4N0-00024-00008536-00008894 for you will soon feel the ground falling out from beneath your feet! _BOaJbfK4N0-00025-00008944-00009268 In a country that has a long democratic tradition, _BOaJbfK4N0-00026-00009305-00009574 in so political a nation as France, _BOaJbfK4N0-00027-00009604-00010164 55% of its people went on a voting strike during the legislative elections, _BOaJbfK4N0-00028-00010186-00010378 which concerns us too by the way, _BOaJbfK4N0-00029-00010412-00011078 then let me tell you that the way you act is like shooting fireworks in a gunpowder magazine. _BOaJbfK4N0-00030-00011168-00011602 You think you have the situation under control as you try to force through Parliament _BOaJbfK4N0-00031-00011642-00011836 laws pertaining to fundamental issues _BOaJbfK4N0-00032-00011854-00012240 that affect the very core and existence of the nation. _BOaJbfK4N0-00033-00012296-00012556 You're entering a regime of permanent coup, _BOaJbfK4N0-00034-00012572-00013156 not for urgently changing the liberal recipes that led to the current disaster, _BOaJbfK4N0-00035-00013186-00013613 but in contrary to broaden their applications without limits. _BOaJbfK4N0-00036-00013613-00013922 This average European line you ceaselessly refer to _BOaJbfK4N0-00037-00013932-00014563 is the waterline under which ammunitions are shot to sink the nation, _BOaJbfK4N0-00038-00014580-00014947 to destroy its state, its public services, to strangle Greece _BOaJbfK4N0-00039-00014962-00015244 and to condemn the entire old continent to underdevelopment. _BOaJbfK4N0-00040-00015256-00015546 We did not vote for Mrs Merkel. _BOaJbfK4N0-00041-00015566-00016113 We are not interested in a supply-side policy that contracts demand. _BOaJbfK4N0-00042-00016147-00016438 The demand of the country is above all a richness. _BOaJbfK4N0-00043-00016502-00017206 You decided that in eight days, you would make use of ordinances in this assembly _BOaJbfK4N0-00044-00017210-00017726 to get the right to overturn the whole social public order of our country and the hierarchy of norms. _BOaJbfK4N0-00045-00017734-00018246 Eight days to abolish the outcome of a hundred years of social struggles and compromises, _BOaJbfK4N0-00046-00018266-00018682 from May 1936 to May 1968, including the CNR (National Council of the Resistance). _BOaJbfK4N0-00047-00018708-00018965 You want to break everything to pieces with two votes. _BOaJbfK4N0-00048-00018986-00019252 We call this a social coup d'état! _BOaJbfK4N0-00049-00019332-00019828 And we the deputies would not have the right to alter a line or a comma from these laws _BOaJbfK4N0-00050-00019852-00020122 which mean so much to us? _BOaJbfK4N0-00051-00020152-00020466 Who but the MEDEF (largest employer federation) asked you to do that? _BOaJbfK4N0-00052-00020478-00020796 The MEDEF is in no way representative of the French employers. _BOaJbfK4N0-00053-00020810-00021318 It speaks on behalf of all of them, whereas employers are as diverse as companies. _BOaJbfK4N0-00054-00021344-00021912 The working people, who produce all the wealth of the nation aspire to something else, _BOaJbfK4N0-00055-00021932-00022506 like visibility at work, safety, good salaries and decent pensions _BOaJbfK4N0-00056-00022524-00022970 They call for the end of the scandal of the 9 million people who are reduced to living in poverty _BOaJbfK4N0-00057-00022976-00023166 in the fifth world power, _BOaJbfK4N0-00058-00023176-00023666 for the end of the scandal of the 565 people who die at work every year, _BOaJbfK4N0-00059-00023704-00024222 of the 1,200 people who die from occupational diseases every year, _BOaJbfK4N0-00060-00024258-00024652 of the 31,000 homeless children, of the 2,000 people who die in the street, _BOaJbfK4N0-00061-00024672-00024860 and of the 2.5 millions illiterates. _BOaJbfK4N0-00062-00024872-00025210 How is this possible in this great and splendid country? _BOaJbfK4N0-00063-00025250-00025460 Are these not the most important of urgencies? _BOaJbfK4N0-00064-00025516-00025874 You're also trying to force a law that goes against the democratic order of the country through Parliament. _BOaJbfK4N0-00065-00025902-00026324 You think you can turn the whole system of individual freedom upside down in less than a month. _BOaJbfK4N0-00066-00026348-00026938 You decided to introduce provisions of the state of emergency into ordinary law. _BOaJbfK4N0-00067-00026938-00027354 The President of the Republic himself said the country should be freed _BOaJbfK4N0-00068-00027354-00027520 from the constraints of the state of emergency. _BOaJbfK4N0-00069-00027520-00027826 Why do you want to introduce these provisions into ordinary law, then? _BOaJbfK4N0-00070-00027882-00028170 You promised us these provisions would apply to terrorists only, _BOaJbfK4N0-00071-00028170-00028358 but your predecessors said the same, _BOaJbfK4N0-00072-00028377-00028880 and yet 80% of the effective measures of deprivation of liberty that were enforced _BOaJbfK4N0-00073-00028880-00029218 targeted union members and environmentalists. _BOaJbfK4N0-00074-00029270-00029572 Why should we believe that things will be different from now on? _BOaJbfK4N0-00075-00029588-00029736 I repeat: _BOaJbfK4N0-00076-00029756-00030174 a permanent state of emergency within ordinary law is a victory for the enemy, _BOaJbfK4N0-00077-00030195-00030545 because he holds the whole of society hostage to his violence, _BOaJbfK4N0-00078-00030588-00030976 but also because he injects the decline of freedom into the veins of society. _BOaJbfK4N0-00079-00030989-00031148 It is the core of our enemy's project, _BOaJbfK4N0-00080-00031156-00031470 and the opposite of ours, all of us, on all the benches. _BOaJbfK4N0-00081-00031536-00031706 Again, you're forcing your project through Parliament _BOaJbfK4N0-00082-00031718-00032024 when the President threatens it with a plebiscite _BOaJbfK4N0-00083-00032036-00032410 if the Parliament rejects his bill on the reduction of the number of its members, _BOaJbfK4N0-00084-00032439-00032627 without any explanation. _BOaJbfK4N0-00085-00032676-00032976 Would fewer deputies mean more democracy? _BOaJbfK4N0-00086-00032986-00033142 Oh, really? _BOaJbfK4N0-00087-00033170-00033400 Are two seats in the department of Ariège too many? _BOaJbfK4N0-00088-00033422-00033644 There were five under the Ancien Regime! _BOaJbfK4N0-00089-00033758-00034226 I warn you against anti-parliamentary demagogy _BOaJbfK4N0-00090-00034238-00034628 and the instillation of a widespread suspicion against elected representatives. _BOaJbfK4N0-00091-00034650-00034978 If you want to moralize the political life of this country... _BOaJbfK4N0-00092-00035058-00035392 If you want to moralize the political life of this country, _BOaJbfK4N0-00093-00035452-00035728 then castigate corrupters, _BOaJbfK4N0-00094-00035774-00035970 hunt tax dodgers, _BOaJbfK4N0-00095-00036006-00036322 put a limit to the indecent salaries of the Paris Stock Exchange champions, _BOaJbfK4N0-00096-00036342-00036554 prohibit the revolving door between business and politics, _BOaJbfK4N0-00097-00036582-00037096 prohibit the possibility to be both a consultant for big businness and a representative of the nation. _BOaJbfK4N0-00098-00037106-00037580 In short, put a limit to the power of money by all means! _BOaJbfK4N0-00099-00037616-00038086 Give people the power to recall their elected representatives when they think it necessary. _BOaJbfK4N0-00100-00038106-00038556 The recall referendum is a terrible and simple way _BOaJbfK4N0-00101-00038588-00038920 to bring democracy and all its aspects under the control of the people. _BOaJbfK4N0-00102-00038960-00039376 Finally, you force your project through Parliament when you but mention the ecological emergency _BOaJbfK4N0-00103-00039424-00039894 only to better remain silent about the emergencies that require immediate decisions. _BOaJbfK4N0-00104-00039946-00040460 Let me solemnly tell you, not only you, Mr Prime Minister, _BOaJbfK4N0-00105-00040480-00040768 but also all the colleagues sitting on the benches: _BOaJbfK4N0-00106-00040804-00041022 Nuclear power is dangerous! _BOaJbfK4N0-00107-00041056-00041295 Our power plants—which have magnificently worked so far, _BOaJbfK4N0-00108-00041296-00041758 and we thank those who have made them function, and we praise their work— _BOaJbfK4N0-00109-00041770-00041970 these power plants are reaching the end of their life cycle. _BOaJbfK4N0-00110-00041982-00042404 They will soon become dangerous. It's statistical! _BOaJbfK4N0-00111-00042416-00042608 As a consequence, Mr Prime Minister, _BOaJbfK4N0-00112-00042642-00043117 now is the time to make the choice of shutting down the 19 reactors _BOaJbfK4N0-00113-00043138-00043380 that will reach the end of their life cycle during your mandate. _BOaJbfK4N0-00114-00043400-00043820 It is necessary, because within the same period, we need transition to renewable energies _BOaJbfK4N0-00115-00043942-00044216 that will enable us—France is technically and intellectually capable of doing it!— _BOaJbfK4N0-00116-00044234-00044578 to transition to non-nuclear energies without abrupt changes. _BOaJbfK4N0-00117-00044676-00044776 Finally, _BOaJbfK4N0-00118-00044912-00045430 it made me sad to hear that you gave up the fight against the European Commission _BOaJbfK4N0-00119-00045536-00046136 and its definitions of endocrine disruptors. _BOaJbfK4N0-00120-00046176-00046412 France prided herself on resisting! _BOaJbfK4N0-00121-00046448-00046634 Now let me ask you a question: _BOaJbfK4N0-00122-00046634-00047196 Are you determined to put an end to GMOs and pesticides that threaten and put in danger _BOaJbfK4N0-00123-00047202-00047856 not only the food human beings eat, but their very survival, and you know it. _BOaJbfK4N0-00124-00047938-00048358 Yes, these measures should be taken and announced immediately. _BOaJbfK4N0-00125-00048358-00048802 Now here's an issue that can never be discussed in Parliament: _BOaJbfK4N0-00126-00048862-00049760 When, as a measure of civilization, will we be ready to firmly condemn the martyrdom of animals _BOaJbfK4N0-00127-00049784-00050128 in so developed and civilized a nation as ours? _BOaJbfK4N0-00128-00050548-00050896 All I have is 10 minutes, and I intend to stick to them. _BOaJbfK4N0-00129-00051096-00051805 One might think you came here to read the footnotes from the speech of the President of the Republic to us. _BOaJbfK4N0-00130-00051978-00052486 Since he quoted the mannas of Sieyes and Mirabeau against us, _BOaJbfK4N0-00131-00052610-00052808 that you quoted once again, _BOaJbfK4N0-00132-00053004-00053374 let me remind you that both of them were only reunited in front of the King. _BOaJbfK4N0-00133-00053444-00053572 This is not the case with us. _BOaJbfK4N0-00134-00053646-00054282 It won't happen before long, believe me, and lots of people will oppose it if need be. _BOaJbfK4N0-00135-00054514-00055452 Sieyes reminded us that on July 14th 1789, Capet had written a comment in his diary. _BOaJbfK4N0-00136-00055452-00055617 He wrote: "Nothing". _BOaJbfK4N0-00137-00055755-00056200 Be wary of nothing! And especially of the little nothings! _BOaJbfK4N0-00138-00056560-00057054 To Sieyes, we will borrow the will to fill the National Assembly with members of the Third Estate only. _BOaJbfK4N0-00139-00057090-00057354 One way or another, we are its outpost. _BOaJbfK4N0-00140-00057404-00057826 From Mirabeau, we will borrow the idea that we are here by the will of the people, _BOaJbfK4N0-00141-00057860-00058020 those who are nothing. _BOaJbfK4N0-00142-00058064-00058434 And those who walk past each other in train stations have something to retort, _BOaJbfK4N0-00143-00058479-00059038 and I would ask you, Mr Prime Minister, to kindly convey this message to the President of the Republic. _BOaJbfK4N0-00144-00059108-00059284 The "nothings" tell him: _BOaJbfK4N0-00145-00059284-00059720 "We may be nothing to you, but tomorrow we will be all"! _BRgc-mpTBc-00000-00000000-00000200 Ukrainian military group - AZOV Legion KILLED THE RUSSIAN GENERAL: "Whoever comes to us with a sword will DIE WITH SUCH A SWORD!" _DttN3MzmRQ-00000-00000000-00000714 Guys welcome to this stream. I'm going to explain a little bit about why my lips are _DttN3MzmRQ-00001-00000714-00001236 a little bit more reddish today than usual but we have already a thousand people in _DttN3MzmRQ-00002-00001236-00001920 the stream on YouTube and on Facebook for the launch of a 21 day fasting challenge. _DttN3MzmRQ-00003-00002004-00002658 Before I share something of encouragement for your fasting. I just want to ask you to let me _DttN3MzmRQ-00004-00002658-00003234 know in the chat were you tuning in from and as well as let me know if you are taking part _DttN3MzmRQ-00005-00003234-00003786 of this fasting challenge. So if you are tuning in from wherever you're tuning in, _DttN3MzmRQ-00006-00003786-00004116 let me know that in the chat. I see people from Texas, Virginia _DttN3MzmRQ-00007-00004332-00005184 Kennewick, India and as well as other places. Let me see what's coming out on Facebook. So go ahead _DttN3MzmRQ-00008-00005184-00005754 and let us know in the comments below where you are tuning in from. Netherlands, Romania, _DttN3MzmRQ-00009-00005754-00007098 Georgia, Kenya, L.A Georgia, UK, South Carolina, Chicago. My church is doing a 21 day fast. Come on _DttN3MzmRQ-00010-00007098-00007950 somebody. Praise God. Queen's New York Guys, it is a joy to be with you this morning. I _DttN3MzmRQ-00011-00007950-00008706 am excited for what the Lord has in store for us in the next 21 days. Let me know in the comments _DttN3MzmRQ-00012-00008706-00009504 below in the chat if you are participating in a 21 day fast in some way, shape and form. _DttN3MzmRQ-00013-00009618-00010272 So just put the number one in the chat if you are participating in a 21 day fasting challenge _DttN3MzmRQ-00014-00010272-00010950 and if you are not, don't log off. I believe that by the time I am done sharing, the Lord is going _DttN3MzmRQ-00015-00010950-00011646 to encourage your faith and you will be joining with us, hopefully if you are physically able to _DttN3MzmRQ-00016-00011700-00012306 and so I see a lot of people dropping number ones in the chat on both Facebook and YouTube. _DttN3MzmRQ-00017-00012306-00012906 Praise God. Praise God. Fast Forward number one. Amen. Fast Forward number one. Amen. _DttN3MzmRQ-00018-00013008-00013782 A little announcement before we go any further and that is if you haven't got the Fast Forward book, _DttN3MzmRQ-00019-00013782-00014447 I would encourage you to get it today. You can download it on my website free of charge or get _DttN3MzmRQ-00020-00014447-00015300 it on Amazon. Also, if you have not downloaded a reading plan or got a reading plan on your Bible _DttN3MzmRQ-00021-00015300-00015804 app. Something you can do with your family, with your small groups is you can actually _DttN3MzmRQ-00022-00015804-00016434 read that reading plan together with them and so these short encouragements that you got in _DttN3MzmRQ-00023-00016434-00017112 the email this morning, that you will get every day for the next 21 days, they're actually from _DttN3MzmRQ-00024-00017112-00017790 a reading plan and so for those of you who are like, I haven't got anything in the email that _DttN3MzmRQ-00025-00017790-00018174 means you haven't signed up for the challenge yet. So if you signed up for the challenge, _DttN3MzmRQ-00026-00018174-00018888 then you will be able to get those in the email and you can get the same kind of a content on _DttN3MzmRQ-00027-00018888-00019500 the YouVersion Bible app and so all of that is just available to keep a sense of community and _DttN3MzmRQ-00028-00019500-00020304 to build a strength in those people that are taking this challenge of prayer and fasting. _DttN3MzmRQ-00029-00020382-00021192 One request that I will ask of you guys throughout this fasting is if you have gotten the book or if _DttN3MzmRQ-00030-00021192-00021882 you started to read even if it's a free book, if I can ask you to do me a big favor, it costs you _DttN3MzmRQ-00031-00021882-00022590 nothing, it will just cost you about two, three minutes if you can go on Amazon or on Google on _DttN3MzmRQ-00032-00022590-00023262 Goodreads and leave a review for the book, it will help other people to discover the book _DttN3MzmRQ-00033-00023334-00023934 and it will also help us to reach more people. It costs you nothing to do that but it will help us _DttN3MzmRQ-00034-00023934-00024612 to get the word out. Most of you, you know that I am not published by a some official publisher. _DttN3MzmRQ-00035-00024612-00025182 I am self-published which means that I rely on people like you guys to help get the word out _DttN3MzmRQ-00036-00025182-00025788 and one of the ways that it helps to get the word out is when people leave reviews. So be kind and _DttN3MzmRQ-00037-00025788-00026502 go today, tomorrow, sometime during the next 21 days and leave a review, a detailed review, take _DttN3MzmRQ-00038-00026502-00027330 a photo with the book and leave a review. This will really help us to get the word out. So that's _DttN3MzmRQ-00039-00027330-00027966 about that and I really appreciate that. American Top Gunners asking is the book for free? Yes, _DttN3MzmRQ-00040-00027966-00028710 you can download it free of charge on our website. If you have any questions concerning fasting, _DttN3MzmRQ-00041-00028710-00029394 go ahead and drop them in the comments and then at the end when I'm going to finish sharing my _DttN3MzmRQ-00042-00029394-00029994 short exhortation and the prayer for today, then I'm going to try to pick at least three, _DttN3MzmRQ-00043-00029994-00030876 four, five questions and answer them at the end. So I see a lot of people are watching from the _DttN3MzmRQ-00044-00030876-00031427 different parts of the world. So some of you this is already the end of day one. For some of you, _DttN3MzmRQ-00045-00031427-00032130 it's the beginning of day one but for most of us here today in America in the Pacific Northwest, _DttN3MzmRQ-00046-00032244-00032856 this is early in the morning and this is pretty much, the day one of the fasting challenge. So _DttN3MzmRQ-00047-00032856-00033696 let's begin. The 21 day fasting challenge is a lot of churches are taking time in January to set _DttN3MzmRQ-00048-00033696-00034410 apart, to seek God in prayer and in fasting. We don't see a strict command from the Bible to fast _DttN3MzmRQ-00049-00034410-00035178 in January. We do see an encouragement to seek the kingdom of God first and everything else will _DttN3MzmRQ-00050-00035178-00035940 be added to us. I want to speak to you for just a brief moment concerning the fever of fasting. _DttN3MzmRQ-00051-00036006-00036732 Now, I just returned from Romania and on the last day of Romania when I was there, I got _DttN3MzmRQ-00052-00036900-00037632 some disease and part of that is I started having a fever. My body started to you know go high in _DttN3MzmRQ-00053-00037632-00038388 temperature and by the time I came home, I was full-blown sick. So I spent next you know a few _DttN3MzmRQ-00054-00038388-00039294 days in bed, fighting with fever and something I learned about fever is that when I was having _DttN3MzmRQ-00055-00039294-00039750 it you know at first, I wanted to take as much medication as possible so I can bring that fever _DttN3MzmRQ-00056-00039750-00040464 down. But as I started to research and this is nothing new for many of you is that fever is a _DttN3MzmRQ-00057-00040464-00041280 temporary increase in the body's temperature in response to disease or illness. So when your body _DttN3MzmRQ-00058-00041280-00042006 has an infection, your immune system kicks into a gear to help you heal. One way it does this is by _DttN3MzmRQ-00059-00042006-00042768 increasing the body temperature which is what we call fever. So a fever is actually a natural and _DttN3MzmRQ-00060-00042768-00043482 a healthy response to many kinds of infections. The higher temperature helps your body to fight _DttN3MzmRQ-00061-00043482-00044232 off the infection more effectively. For example, the higher temperature may help your body's immune _DttN3MzmRQ-00062-00044232-00044844 cells to work better and it also makes it harder for the germs causing the infection to survive _DttN3MzmRQ-00063-00044844-00045600 and so to help bring down a fever, your body uses a variety of methods. For example, you might start _DttN3MzmRQ-00064-00045600-00046272 sweating more which will help to cool down your body. You will also feel cold and shivery which _DttN3MzmRQ-00065-00046272-00046866 is your body's way of generating heat and raising your temperature back to normal. Drinking fluids _DttN3MzmRQ-00066-00046866-00047364 and getting rest can help your body fight off the infection and bring down the fever. You _DttN3MzmRQ-00067-00047364-00048276 know I think that fasting has this effect of a fever. It increases the spiritual temperature _DttN3MzmRQ-00068-00048372-00048918 in your life in which spiritual germs cannot survive. _DttN3MzmRQ-00069-00049080-00049596 Put that in the comments, 'Fasting increases spiritual temperature _DttN3MzmRQ-00070-00049722-00050652 in your life in which spiritual germs cannot survive.' A lot of us we have spiritual germs _DttN3MzmRQ-00071-00050652-00051479 in our lives and what happens when we begin to fast is we are increasing the spiritual climate _DttN3MzmRQ-00072-00051479-00052104 in our life and then you know we sweat stuff out meaning, stuff begins to come out of our lives, _DttN3MzmRQ-00073-00052104-00052746 the stuff begins to be removed from our lives. I'm reminded of book of Acts 28 verse 3 it says, when _DttN3MzmRQ-00074-00052746-00053484 Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks and laid them on the fire, a viper came out because of the heat _DttN3MzmRQ-00075-00053484-00054300 and fastened on his hand. It's interesting that the viper, this spiritual germ, this spiritual _DttN3MzmRQ-00076-00054300-00055194 infection was there among the sticks but when the heat increased, the viper came out and sometimes _DttN3MzmRQ-00077-00055194-00055764 when you have certain problems running in your life, when you have certain issues running in your _DttN3MzmRQ-00078-00055764-00056682 life, one of the best ways to get them exposed and expelled is to increase spiritual temperature _DttN3MzmRQ-00079-00056802-00057467 is to raise the temperature in your life and fasting is one of the ways that as you decrease _DttN3MzmRQ-00080-00057588-00058170 physically, emotionally, as you decrease, the temperature begins to increase _DttN3MzmRQ-00081-00058272-00059004 and something begins to happen, these infections, these spiritual pride, greed, _DttN3MzmRQ-00082-00059004-00059598 anger and maybe even spiritual forces behind the scenes that are attacking your life, _DttN3MzmRQ-00083-00059598-00060372 that are hiding behind the scenes, they begin to be exposed and expelled because the temperature _DttN3MzmRQ-00084-00060474-00061079 no longer makes it comfortable for them to stay. That's why I believe that as you begin to fast, _DttN3MzmRQ-00085-00061079-00061746 the enemy will fight you to give you doubts and to give you sometimes even sicknesses, _DttN3MzmRQ-00086-00061746-00062424 distractions and everything so that you don't fast. Because the enemy is afraid of _DttN3MzmRQ-00087-00062424-00063066 an increased temperature in your spiritual life because it's kind of like a fly. A fly will sit _DttN3MzmRQ-00088-00063066-00063888 on a warm stove but the moment the stove is hot the fly can no longer rest there and that's how _DttN3MzmRQ-00089-00063888-00064572 the enemy. As long as our life is lukewarm not only the Lord is gonna you know vomit us out _DttN3MzmRQ-00090-00064572-00065129 because God is not pleased with complacent people but also the enemy is completely comfortable. _DttN3MzmRQ-00091-00065238-00066150 The verse that I feel for this fasting challenge is Matthew 17:21 and it says that, However, _DttN3MzmRQ-00092-00066150-00067182 this kind does not go out except by prayer and by fasting. There are certain germs, certain vipers, _DttN3MzmRQ-00093-00067182-00068340 certain kinds of problems that only leave when you increase the heat, when you raise the temperature, _DttN3MzmRQ-00094-00068490-00069288 when your spiritual climate increases. Mark chapter 9 verse 29 says the same words, _DttN3MzmRQ-00095-00069606-00070524 This kind can come out but by nothing but prayer and fasting. Meaning, there are certain kinds of _DttN3MzmRQ-00096-00070524-00071436 spiritual germs hidden and maybe attacking your life that will not come out until you increase _DttN3MzmRQ-00097-00071436-00072360 the temperature and all the 21 day of prayer and fasting whichever way you do this fast whether _DttN3MzmRQ-00098-00072360-00072990 you do it complete fast, juice fast, Daniel fast whatever one the Lord placed on your heart all _DttN3MzmRQ-00099-00072990-00073686 that really we're doing is we're cranking up a temperature so that whatever that is not of God _DttN3MzmRQ-00100-00073854-00074538 will come out, will leave. Maybe the Lord will reveal that in a dream, maybe the Lord will reveal _DttN3MzmRQ-00101-00074538-00075264 that in prayer, maybe the Lord will point to that particular germ, that particular viper, that _DttN3MzmRQ-00102-00075264-00075900 particular issue. At first maybe you're joining this fast for your family to be healed, for your _DttN3MzmRQ-00103-00075900-00076482 health and and everything and that's good. But I want you to be be prepared when during this fast, _DttN3MzmRQ-00104-00076482-00077364 the Lord will be dealing with this kind, that kind of a problem that maybe have been ignored, _DttN3MzmRQ-00105-00077364-00078192 that have been undetected for a while and the Holy Spirit is going to increase the heat in _DttN3MzmRQ-00106-00078192-00079374 your life so that that area in your life will be addressed, exposed and expelled. The same fire _DttN3MzmRQ-00107-00079464-00080028 that increases the heat in your life will be the one that will destroy the germs. _DttN3MzmRQ-00108-00080112-00080934 The story of Matthew 17 verse 21 deals with Jesus being on the mountain and then He comes down from _DttN3MzmRQ-00109-00080934-00081654 the mountain and the Bible says that, when He was on the mountain, He was there for some time _DttN3MzmRQ-00110-00081654-00082188 with His disciples, three of His disciples. He prayed there and His face was changed _DttN3MzmRQ-00111-00082272-00082812 and Moses showed up, Elijah showed up and they talked to Him about His exodus _DttN3MzmRQ-00112-00082812-00083490 and so being on the mountain Jesus you know spent time with the Father in prayer. _DttN3MzmRQ-00113-00083568-00084090 Disciples were there, His face was changed and I believe for two things _DttN3MzmRQ-00114-00084174-00084708 for this fast and today there's something that I want to leave you with Divine transformation _DttN3MzmRQ-00115-00084708-00085440 or personal transformation. The Bible says as He prayed, His face was transfigured. Luke chapter 9 _DttN3MzmRQ-00116-00085440-00086220 verses 28 and 29. Now it came to pass about eight days after these sayings, that He took Peter, John _DttN3MzmRQ-00117-00086220-00087162 and James and went up on the mountain to pray. As He prayed, the appearance of His face was altered. _DttN3MzmRQ-00118-00087162-00088128 His rope became white and glistening. As He prayed, the appearance of His face was altered. _DttN3MzmRQ-00119-00088260-00089118 My prayer for you today that as you spend time with God, as you read the word, as you are also _DttN3MzmRQ-00120-00089118-00089580 going through the Fast Forward book or you're reading the reading plan. As you're taking some _DttN3MzmRQ-00121-00089580-00090642 time in the next 24 hours this day, that God will alter your face. He will alter your character _DttN3MzmRQ-00122-00090642-00091386 that He will alter your attitude, that He will alter your thoughts, that He will change you. _DttN3MzmRQ-00123-00091536-00092244 Fasting is not about changing God, it's about God changing us. It's not about so that I can _DttN3MzmRQ-00124-00092244-00093132 increase, it's so that I can decrease and He can increase. His face was altered. On the mountain, _DttN3MzmRQ-00125-00093210-00094008 there was a personal transformation. This kind does not leave by prayer and fasting. _DttN3MzmRQ-00126-00094008-00094710 How does this happen? When you spend time with the Lord, when you spend time in His presence and He _DttN3MzmRQ-00127-00094710-00095664 personally changes you. He personally alters you. He personally transforms you in His presence, in _DttN3MzmRQ-00128-00095664-00096306 His word by His Spirit. But I want you to notice the second thing is that after Jesus was changed, _DttN3MzmRQ-00129-00096390-00097074 the scripture says in Mark chapter 9 verse 14 and when He had come to the disciples, He saw a great _DttN3MzmRQ-00130-00097074-00097788 multitude around them and scribes disputing with them. So Jesus is coming down from the mountaintop _DttN3MzmRQ-00131-00097908-00098610 and His disciples are let's just say the valley because if He was on a mountain, they were in _DttN3MzmRQ-00132-00098610-00099360 the valley and in the valley, they're dealing with the demonized kid and they're not able to deliver _DttN3MzmRQ-00133-00099360-00100098 this kid and so instead of praying, I want you to see what disciples are doing at the bottom of the _DttN3MzmRQ-00134-00100098-00101118 mountain. They're arguing, they're disputing, they are fighting with scribes, with religious leaders _DttN3MzmRQ-00135-00101244-00102150 and Jesus comes and He says, guys what is this and He then deals with the case of a demonized kid, _DttN3MzmRQ-00136-00102150-00102809 delivers the kid and He brings freedom to that. So I believe the Lord wants to not only bring _DttN3MzmRQ-00137-00102864-00103344 personal transformation. I call it Divine transformation. He wants to bring demonic _DttN3MzmRQ-00138-00103344-00104232 elimination in our life from our life. He wants to remove demonic presence, demonic _DttN3MzmRQ-00139-00104333-00105294 influence and some of us, when we don't pray and fast, when we don't spend time on the mountain, _DttN3MzmRQ-00140-00105408-00105966 we end up arguing in the valley. Disciples were arguing _DttN3MzmRQ-00141-00106056-00106920 instead of praying. See arguing disables you, prayer enables you. Come on, drop that in the _DttN3MzmRQ-00142-00106920-00107922 comments right now. Arguing disables you, Prayer enables you. Debating instead of praying. Winning _DttN3MzmRQ-00143-00107922-00108558 arguments with people instead of winning a personal battles in your own life. I believe _DttN3MzmRQ-00144-00108558-00109122 when we ignore prayer, when we ignore fasting, when we ignore the word of God in our life, _DttN3MzmRQ-00145-00109296-00110172 we will miss a personal transformation God wants to do. We will miss the anointing that God wants _DttN3MzmRQ-00146-00110172-00110826 to give us to overcome spiritual germs, demonic presence and influence in our family and in our _DttN3MzmRQ-00147-00110826-00111816 life and we end up arguing and fighting in the valley instead of having victory in the valley. _DttN3MzmRQ-00148-00111918-00112806 Only people with mountaintop experience can have victory in the valley. Come on, put that in the _DttN3MzmRQ-00149-00112806-00113556 comments right now. Only people with mountaintop experience can have victory in the valley. _DttN3MzmRQ-00150-00113616-00114209 So during this day what I want to encourage you with is take time to be in the presence of Jesus. _DttN3MzmRQ-00151-00114348-00115002 Take time to be in prayer. May God alter your face not physically but may God change your heart. _DttN3MzmRQ-00152-00115074-00115559 May you experience Divine transformation and demonic elimination _DttN3MzmRQ-00153-00115632-00116154 as Holy Spirit will bring different issues or different sins or different compromises. _DttN3MzmRQ-00154-00116261-00116958 Don't excuse them. Repent over them. Fasting is supposed to be a lot of time of weeping _DttN3MzmRQ-00155-00116958-00117461 and repentance and so may the Lord lead you into that. In fact, I was praying today and _DttN3MzmRQ-00156-00117461-00117978 that was my prayers that Lord will lead over a thousand people have signed up for this fast _DttN3MzmRQ-00157-00118056-00118518 10,000 people have signed up over this fast and my prayer is that God will lead us all into _DttN3MzmRQ-00158-00118518-00119382 deeper measures of repentance. Deeper measures of spiritual renewal and spiritual resetting _DttN3MzmRQ-00159-00119382-00119940 that we will find our first love again, that we will find purity again for those of us who lost _DttN3MzmRQ-00160-00119940-00120540 it and that we will find freedom in the areas we didn't even know we were needing freedom _DttN3MzmRQ-00161-00120630-00121290 Amen. So that's just my encouragement for today is the fasting is like fever in the sense that _DttN3MzmRQ-00162-00121290-00122028 as you know your brain has this thermostat and when there's germs in your body, your brain you _DttN3MzmRQ-00163-00122028-00122622 know right away changes the temperature, your body increases the temperature because certain _DttN3MzmRQ-00164-00122622-00123204 germs cannot live in higher temperatures and that's exactly what fasting is, is that you _DttN3MzmRQ-00165-00123204-00123900 increase the temperature in your life. So that these spiritual germs no longer can live in _DttN3MzmRQ-00166-00123900-00124596 your life that you experience cleansing, freedom, purity, sanctification, holiness and righteousness _DttN3MzmRQ-00167-00124680-00125508 Amen. If this was a blessing to you, drop number one in the chat. From the Fast Forward book, _DttN3MzmRQ-00168-00125628-00126438 I'm going to read just a few encouragements right now concerning the health component of this fast _DttN3MzmRQ-00169-00126522-00126930 and then we're going to read the prayer. So the fasting tip, _DttN3MzmRQ-00170-00126930-00127314 the health tip as is mentioned in the book _DttN3MzmRQ-00171-00127548-00128268 and it's in the page six. Our body is accustomed to consuming food at regular intervals during the _DttN3MzmRQ-00172-00128268-00128982 day. As you refrain from eating, it is normal to experience dizziness, weakness headaches and _DttN3MzmRQ-00173-00128982-00129852 nausea. These symptoms can be common during any long-term fast and so drink more water, _DttN3MzmRQ-00174-00129852-00130554 water with electrolytes. You might need to rest a little bit more but this is just normal. This _DttN3MzmRQ-00175-00130554-00131028 is not a sign usually from this is not a sign from God to quit. This is just a normal thing _DttN3MzmRQ-00176-00131028-00131844 when your body experiences that. The scriptures to meditate on that I want you to take time to _DttN3MzmRQ-00177-00131844-00132552 meditate on today. Revelation chapter 19 verses 1 and 6. After these things I heard a loud voice of _DttN3MzmRQ-00178-00132552-00133122 a great multitude in heaven, saying, “Alleluia! Salvation and glory and honor and power belong _DttN3MzmRQ-00179-00133122-00133626 to the Lord our God…†And I heard, as it were, the voice of a great multitude, _DttN3MzmRQ-00180-00133626-00134268 as the sound of many waters and as the sound of mighty thunderings, saying, “Alleluia! For _DttN3MzmRQ-00181-00134268-00135060 the Lord God Omnipotent reigns!†Matthew 6:13. And do not lead us into temptation, _DttN3MzmRQ-00182-00135060-00135630 but deliver us from the evil one. For Yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory _DttN3MzmRQ-00183-00135630-00136506 forever. Amen. Psalm 22:28 For the kingdom is the LORD’s, and He rules over the nations. _DttN3MzmRQ-00184-00136638-00137730 Let's pray, Lord I choose to surrender my fleshly desires in order to come closer to You. Help me to _DttN3MzmRQ-00185-00137730-00138564 shift my focus from my needs to Your will for my life. Lord, I pray that You will lead us. _DttN3MzmRQ-00186-00138630-00139428 Holy Spirit, I pray that You will guide us. Lord, I pray that as we take this time not to become _DttN3MzmRQ-00187-00139428-00140250 holier, more powerful but to decrease, to become smaller, to become more humble before You God. _DttN3MzmRQ-00188-00140352-00141024 May You increase that purity and holiness in our life. May You expose the impurities. Lord, _DttN3MzmRQ-00189-00141024-00141804 may You lead us to deeper measures and levels of repentance, brokenness, humility. May You cause _DttN3MzmRQ-00190-00141804-00142452 the tears to flow again. Lord, may You soften our hearts. May You give us the baby skin hearts Lord. _DttN3MzmRQ-00191-00142536-00143004 I ask You for those people who have spent a long time arguing in the valley, _DttN3MzmRQ-00192-00143076-00143682 maybe ministers and pastors who have spent long time just reacting to the problems in their _DttN3MzmRQ-00193-00143682-00144660 churches, may You use this time to alter our face, alter our heart. Change us God from the inside out _DttN3MzmRQ-00194-00144732-00145440 and Lord may You empower us to deal with the valley problems. May You empower us God to remove _DttN3MzmRQ-00195-00145512-00146172 the germs, the vipers, the demonic influence that is maybe running rampant in our life, _DttN3MzmRQ-00196-00146172-00146724 in our finances and in our health. May we experience Divine transformation _DttN3MzmRQ-00197-00146796-00147864 and demonic elimination in Jesus Name Amen. Amen. Thank You Lord. So if you have _DttN3MzmRQ-00198-00147960-00148704 any questions, I want to stay for just a few more moments and answer them and so _DttN3MzmRQ-00199-00148950-00149700 This was a blessing to you guys, drop that in the chat Amen. For those of you that are just _DttN3MzmRQ-00200-00149700-00150456 tuning in, you'll be able to re-watch this and receive that encouragement. _DttN3MzmRQ-00201-00150642-00151344 What water electrolytes do you use? So I just buy my water, my wife actually buys the water from _DttN3MzmRQ-00202-00151344-00151968 Costco and it just has electrolytes added. So I don't necessarily know much about the _DttN3MzmRQ-00203-00151968-00152580 electrolytes or what water and so it's just the one that has electrolytes added to it. So that's _DttN3MzmRQ-00204-00152580-00153072 the one that I use. Should I do communion with my church on the water fast? I think it's completely _DttN3MzmRQ-00205-00153072-00153846 fine. It won't necessarily break the fast or it won't upset your stomach unless you're gonna do _DttN3MzmRQ-00206-00153846-00154368 a communion where you eat a loaf of bread but if it's a small cracker, it shouldn't be a problem. _DttN3MzmRQ-00207-00154518-00155316 Can you speak on a 40-day fast help. So I have a video on my YouTube. We uploaded _DttN3MzmRQ-00208-00155316-00155940 it a few days ago on my experience on the 40 day fast and you can check that out. It was _DttN3MzmRQ-00209-00155940-00156540 recorded when I streamed with Isaiah. I was on his show and I shared a little bit about _DttN3MzmRQ-00210-00156540-00157062 that so but it 40 day fast is very similar to a 21 day fast, it's just twice as long. _DttN3MzmRQ-00211-00157242-00157788 Is it okay to fast for both spiritual and health reasons to cleanse your body because doctors found _DttN3MzmRQ-00212-00157788-00158688 cancer cells and to cry out to God for healing. I believe so. Of course if you have medications that _DttN3MzmRQ-00213-00158688-00159420 you're taking you, you should consult your doctor before you attempt to do a fast but I watched _DttN3MzmRQ-00214-00159420-00160104 a few documentaries and actually by doctors who are from my understanding, they're not Christian _DttN3MzmRQ-00215-00160230-00161118 who take people through an extended long fast and they found even cures of cancers and others when _DttN3MzmRQ-00216-00161118-00161676 people would fast how during a fast, it will like attack those cancer cells. I'm not saying that's _DttN3MzmRQ-00217-00161676-00162342 the formula and if you fast that's exactly what's going to happen. But I do believe that, fast has _DttN3MzmRQ-00218-00162342-00163068 a physical benefits as well but the purpose for fasting is spiritual so but you can do both. _DttN3MzmRQ-00219-00163326-00163686 Is it okay if I eat dinner only after 21 day fast _DttN3MzmRQ-00220-00163758-00164250 because I've never done that I'm gonna learn so many things, thank you Pastor, God bless you. _DttN3MzmRQ-00221-00164388-00165150 So if you fast for 21 days without food, you're saying if you can eat dinner after 21 day fast, _DttN3MzmRQ-00222-00165150-00166146 you would be highly discouraged to eat a dinner after a 21 day fast without food. You're gonna _DttN3MzmRQ-00223-00166146-00166938 want to start, breakdown or come out of that fast very very slowly and not with the dinner and so _DttN3MzmRQ-00224-00166938-00167604 it'd be maybe something like a broccoli soup or soup or just liquids and we will talk about that _DttN3MzmRQ-00225-00167604-00168588 as we approach the 21 days about how to come out of a 21 day fast on water but yeah. Can I work _DttN3MzmRQ-00226-00168588-00169044 out? Yeah, if you have the physical strength of course you can work out and there will be times _DttN3MzmRQ-00227-00169044-00169614 during depending on the kind of fast you do but if you do just a water fast, you will be able to have _DttN3MzmRQ-00228-00169614-00170388 physical energy. Sometimes that's even stronger than you had before you were fasting because your _DttN3MzmRQ-00229-00170388-00171012 body is still feeding itself. You must understand you're not dying, your body just started to eat _DttN3MzmRQ-00230-00171012-00171894 of its storage that you have probably most likely most of us have plenty of. Are you _DttN3MzmRQ-00231-00171894-00172464 doing a water fast Pastor Vlad. I am doing. Yes, I am doing the water fast by God's grace. _DttN3MzmRQ-00232-00172680-00173256 Do I fast with water only. How do I fast, fruit veggies only. So again, _DttN3MzmRQ-00233-00173256-00173682 those of you who are not sure what kind of a fast to do, go back to my fasting _DttN3MzmRQ-00234-00173682-00174240 challenge video which is on the playlist and watch different fasts that I mentioned. You _DttN3MzmRQ-00235-00174240-00174696 can choose from. What kind of a fast you should do, that is not for me to tell you _DttN3MzmRQ-00236-00174696-00175194 that is between you and the Lord and you should consider your health. You should consider your _DttN3MzmRQ-00237-00175326-00176076 work and other things. Don't just go in into a 21 day water fast just because somebody is doing _DttN3MzmRQ-00238-00176076-00176910 it. We are doing a 21 day fasting challenge. I am not in the position to tell you the kind of _DttN3MzmRQ-00239-00176910-00177360 a fast each person should do because each one of us is on a different journey in our health, _DttN3MzmRQ-00240-00177360-00177816 in our walk with the Lord as well as in things that the Lord is leading us to do. _DttN3MzmRQ-00241-00178176-00178746 Can you please give us advice on for those on medication, I want to do a water fast. If you _DttN3MzmRQ-00242-00178746-00179154 are on medication, I would highly discourage you from doing a water fast I would encourage you to _DttN3MzmRQ-00243-00179154-00179616 do some kind of a fast that involves either eating or partially eating but _DttN3MzmRQ-00244-00179616-00180450 not to do a water fast unless God divinely leads you but it's advised not to do that. _DttN3MzmRQ-00245-00180762-00181368 What kind of liquids do we consume? The best liquid to consume on the water fast is water. _DttN3MzmRQ-00246-00181656-00182274 Should we spend a certain amount of time each day for praise and worship outside or aside _DttN3MzmRQ-00247-00182274-00182952 of prayers. I think that let the Lord lead you in the amount of time that you pray and _DttN3MzmRQ-00248-00182952-00183540 you praise and you worship and so some days, you will have more time, so you'll have more _DttN3MzmRQ-00249-00183540-00183948 time. Some days you'll have less time and so and let the Lord lead you. Sometimes the Lord _DttN3MzmRQ-00250-00183948-00184296 will lead us more in repentance. Sometimes He'll lead us more into worship. Sometimes _DttN3MzmRQ-00251-00184296-00184746 He'll lead us more into just consuming God's word. Sometimes you will feel honestly tired, _DttN3MzmRQ-00252-00184746-00185346 physically and you might not even able to utter any words and so you can pray in your heart during _DttN3MzmRQ-00253-00185346-00185964 that time. You can just be on your knees and just be in the presence of Jesus and so prayer is more _DttN3MzmRQ-00254-00185964-00186606 than just words that we utter. It's the heart posture and it's our thoughts, our attitudes _DttN3MzmRQ-00255-00186606-00187428 and our life being devoted to the Lord as well. How do I access Fast Forward devotional and so _DttN3MzmRQ-00256-00187428-00188076 that Fast Forward devotional, you can download it on the website or you can also go on the reading _DttN3MzmRQ-00257-00188076-00188766 plan on the YouVersion Bible app. Okay guys that's all the time that we have today. I don't want to _DttN3MzmRQ-00258-00188838-00189366 stream too long because I do want to have more time for myself to spend time with the Lord and _DttN3MzmRQ-00259-00189366-00190026 I want to give you also that time to do that and so we will trim the intro and the outro and _DttN3MzmRQ-00260-00190026-00190548 then give you the opportunity to re-watch this. So may God bless you, as you fast, _DttN3MzmRQ-00261-00190548-00191088 I will see you again tomorrow at the same time, nine o'clock. So we're gonna schedule the stream _DttN3MzmRQ-00262-00191088-00191592 in just a few minutes from now so make sure that you don't miss tomorrow's stream as well, I'm _DttN3MzmRQ-00263-00191592-00192018 going to share a fresh word with you and just kind of encourage you answer some questions and spend _DttN3MzmRQ-00264-00192018-00192786 some time with you in the process of these 21 days so God bless you. Thank you and until tomorrow. _FvpZ-f8WiI-00000-00000033-00000449 Aloha are you ready to get the most out of your Hawaii experience? _FvpZ-f8WiI-00001-00000459-00000893 Then you're going to need the best ground transportation service the islands have to offer _FvpZ-f8WiI-00002-00000942-00001673 That's why you'll want to go with pono Express pono comes from the Hawaiian meaning of balance and righteousness which is _FvpZ-f8WiI-00003-00001696-00002322 Exactly what they hope to reflect in all their actions with their key mission providing the highest quality service _FvpZ-f8WiI-00004-00002373-00003035 This comes with professional courtesy affordable pricing and that Aloha experience you can't get anywhere else _FvpZ-f8WiI-00005-00003090-00003530 Whether you need group transportation a private car tour or medical transportation _FvpZ-f8WiI-00006-00003582-00004151 pono Express can provide it on all four islands, Oahu Maui, Hawaii and Hawaii _FvpZ-f8WiI-00007-00004225-00004529 larger vehicles are available and your transportation needs are _FvpZ-f8WiI-00008-00004582-00005127 Customizable so get in touch today arrange your trip from the airport to your favorite resort now _FvpZ-f8WiI-00009-00005155-00005748 Save time and book online at pono Express calm and enjoy that aloha service _FDXkipHWx4-00000-00000000-00000200 cleaning _JIgjtqkZ3c-00000-00000016-00000216 asalam alykum wr wb hello halal family _JIgjtqkZ3c-00001-00000216-00000592 welcome to the channel i hope you guys are having yourself a wonderful day in today's _JIgjtqkZ3c-00002-00000592-00001136 video we'll be reacting to uae training camp for uh brother khabib he has a fight at the _JIgjtqkZ3c-00003-00001136-00001592 end of this month so stay tuned we're going to be right back with this video _JIgjtqkZ3c-00004-00002136-00002432 welcome back guys insha'allah we're going to get started with the video momentarily and at _JIgjtqkZ3c-00005-00002432-00002736 the end of the video i'll be sharing with you my observation and reaction so please _JIgjtqkZ3c-00006-00002736-00004384 make sure you stay until the end with that said we're gonna get started with our video _JIgjtqkZ3c-00007-00015745-00016296 okay me i'm getting in shape if you watch i'm doing bike i'm using the facility here the best _JIgjtqkZ3c-00008-00016296-00016864 facility in the world uh i'm getting in good shape too because i have to i'm working too many guys so _JIgjtqkZ3c-00009-00016864-00017432 if i don't get in shape i won't be able to keep up with these guys my muscles look at muscles look at _JIgjtqkZ3c-00010-00017432-00018040 that look i could show like that like a muscle right there need a tan though needs to be tan _JIgjtqkZ3c-00011-00030592-00031416 hello teacher how are you how's everything i hope you your everything is good _JIgjtqkZ3c-00012-00032039-00032383 assalamu alykum wr wb _JIgjtqkZ3c-00013-00040640-00041520 mashAllah brother Khabib is awesome you know such a down-to-earth guy he's a champion uh 28 and O and inshAllah he is _JIgjtqkZ3c-00014-00041520-00042216 going to his 29th uh fight which i'm hoping it's going to be 29-0 and then the 30th fight _JIgjtqkZ3c-00015-00042216-00042808 should be fun i'm hoping he gets to face gsp and that will be awesome uh and it's great you know to _JIgjtqkZ3c-00016-00042808-00043416 see that uh he's basically around his family like his friends and cousins and what not like what a _JIgjtqkZ3c-00017-00043416-00043920 best way for example to work every day you're with your friends and your your family basically which _JIgjtqkZ3c-00018-00043920-00044472 is awesome i have a lot of respect for brother khabib he as an athlete he's outstanding as an _JIgjtqkZ3c-00019-00044472-00045024 individual as well i wish him best of luck and i can't wait for this fight i'll definitely be _JIgjtqkZ3c-00020-00045024-00045464 watching it and let me know are you guys going to be watching the fight as well and who are you _JIgjtqkZ3c-00021-00045464-00046000 rooting for make sure it's khabib so thank you very much you guys for watching this video i hope _JIgjtqkZ3c-00022-00046000-00046352 you guys enjoyed it if you did please don't forget to like comment share and subscribe _JIgjtqkZ3c-00023-00046352-00046704 and if you'd like me to react to another video please put in the comment section below as always _JIgjtqkZ3c-00024-00046704-00047016 guys thank you very much for all your love and support i hope you guys have yourself a _JIgjtqkZ3c-00025-00047016-00047416 wonderful day take care yourself and your family and sure i'll see you guys in the next video take _JIgjtqkZ3c-00026-00047416-00047784 care and wassalam _LvTlgitIAA-00000-00000000-00000234 Hola Rothetars soy yo Tiffany Rothe _LvTlgitIAA-00001-00000234-00000526 Las fiestas ya vienen y estoy tan entusiasmada _LvTlgitIAA-00002-00000526-00000882 Me encanta toda la comida y la reunion con amigos y familia _LvTlgitIAA-00003-00000915-00001337 Lo único que no me gusta es lo que junto de exceso de peso en mi cuerpo _LvTlgitIAA-00004-00001340-00001666 Cuando mis días se vuelven todos días libres _LvTlgitIAA-00005-00001710-00001986 Una manera de mantener la cintura de tu vestido de fiesta lista _LvTlgitIAA-00006-00001994-00002258 Es comiendo mucha proteína magra _LvTlgitIAA-00007-00002258-00002682 Yo me uní a la Asociación American de Corazón para mostrarles _LvTlgitIAA-00008-00002682-00003056 Cómo aderezar sus proteínas, agregándole un poco de color _LvTlgitIAA-00009-00003056-00003332 Ahora voy a compartir con ustedes una gran receta que es _LvTlgitIAA-00010-00003332-00003682 Colorida, alta en proteínas y rica en nutrientes _LvTlgitIAA-00011-00003682-00003978 Les presento la ensalda Aguacate relleno _LvTlgitIAA-00012-00004032-00004428 Esta receta es ideal para las fiestas, como una comida, o un snack _LvTlgitIAA-00013-00004460-00004858 Y es del tipo de comida que no se queda en sus cuerpos, si saben a lo que me refiero _LvTlgitIAA-00014-00004889-00005237 Así es que sin esperar más voy a mostrarles cómo aderezar su proteína _LvTlgitIAA-00015-00005253-00005633 Agregándole un poco de color. Aquí tiene la lista de ingredientes _LvTlgitIAA-00016-00005670-00005840 Dos mazorcas de maiz, ya limpias y listas _LvTlgitIAA-00017-00005918-00006076 Limón y lima _LvTlgitIAA-00018-00006076-00006180 Un tomate rojo _LvTlgitIAA-00019-00006180-00006627 Aguacate, cebolla morada, cilantro, apio _LvTlgitIAA-00020-00006627-00006773 Aquí tiene el tomate ya picado _LvTlgitIAA-00021-00006773-00007098 Jalapeño, y pimienta negra _LvTlgitIAA-00022-00007116-00007473 Yogurt Griego sin grasa, y sin azúcar y una porción de atún _LvTlgitIAA-00023-00007497-00007872 Ok, están listos para aderezar sus proteínas con hermosos colores _LvTlgitIAA-00024-00007872-00008550 Ok, lo que hice, fué limpiar las mazorcas de maiz, quitándole esto así _LvTlgitIAA-00025-00008618-00008998 Luego con el cuchillo quité los granos y los puse en le bowl _LvTlgitIAA-00026-00009024-00009406 Luego agregué una cucharada de agua y lo puse a hervir _LvTlgitIAA-00027-00009406-00009638 Y los cociné por uno o dos minutos _LvTlgitIAA-00028-00009638-00010148 Comenzaremos con el maiz, aquí con la cuchara _LvTlgitIAA-00029-00010206-00010526 Esto está muy bien, un hermoso color _LvTlgitIAA-00030-00010529-00011028 Que hemos colocado aquí, luego tenemos las cebollas moradas _LvTlgitIAA-00031-00011028-00011242 Vamos a usar dos cucharadas de cebollas moradas _LvTlgitIAA-00032-00011243-00011396 Yo ya la pique antes _LvTlgitIAA-00033-00011484-00011974 Ok, luego tenemos una mitad de taza de cilantro que ya está picado _LvTlgitIAA-00034-00011976-00012214 Vamos a ahorrar tiempo aquí _LvTlgitIAA-00035-00012214-00012446 Ustedes también pueden prepararlo de antemano _LvTlgitIAA-00036-00012599-00012934 Así ya saben, cuando va a ser la fiesta sólo tiene que mezclarlos como estoy haciendo aquí _LvTlgitIAA-00037-00012934-00013269 Tenemos un tomate mediano que ya he picado _LvTlgitIAA-00038-00013334-00013793 Es más o menos una taza, miren esto! _LvTlgitIAA-00039-00013793-00014168 Tenemos amarillo, verde, red, es tan hermoso _LvTlgitIAA-00040-00014168-00014522 Luego tenemos una cucharada de jalapeño _LvTlgitIAA-00041-00014541-00015024 Ahora si van a recibir a alguien que no tolera el picante, quizás quieran omitirlo _LvTlgitIAA-00042-00015024-00015258 O por los niños quizás prefieran omitirlo _LvTlgitIAA-00043-00015347-00015625 Y luego bueno, saben yo quería hacer algo elgante para ustedes _LvTlgitIAA-00044-00015625-00015978 Asi es que le agrego jugo de limón, me gusta masajear un poco el limón _LvTlgitIAA-00045-00015978-00016374 Así obtenemos un poco más de jugo _LvTlgitIAA-00046-00016380-00016818 Ok vamos a agregar un cucharada _LvTlgitIAA-00047-00016950-00017460 Y agregamos una más _LvTlgitIAA-00048-00017460-00017730 Ok, ahora vamos a mezclar _LvTlgitIAA-00049-00017864-00018098 Ok, vamos a dejarla reposar por un minuto _LvTlgitIAA-00050-00018152-00018592 Aquí tenemos el atún, un cuarto de atún _LvTlgitIAA-00051-00018593-00019085 Que estaba en agua, y yo quité el agua, asi está más firme _LvTlgitIAA-00052-00019104-00019542 Y ahora tengo mi Yogurt Griego que es sin azúcar _LvTlgitIAA-00053-00019544-00019800 Un tercio de taza, lo voy a mezclar con todo _LvTlgitIAA-00054-00019800-00020260 Y luego saben que vamos a agregar la pimienta _LvTlgitIAA-00055-00020328-00020690 Ahora el atún esta listo. Qué vamos a hacer? Vamos a mezclar todo _LvTlgitIAA-00056-00020690-00021046 Están estusiasmados, yo lo estoy _LvTlgitIAA-00057-00021092-00021466 Vamos a ver como luce un rico Aguacate _LvTlgitIAA-00058-00021467-00021693 Hermoso _LvTlgitIAA-00059-00021693-00021852 Miren esto, ok _LvTlgitIAA-00060-00021852-00022114 Ahora voy a quitar la semilla _LvTlgitIAA-00061-00022194-00022526 Y luego sólo voy a agregar el atún _LvTlgitIAA-00062-00022846-00023074 Voy a rellenar la última _LvTlgitIAA-00063-00023176-00023556 Voilá su proteina esta ahora lista para las fiestas _LvTlgitIAA-00064-00023556-00023984 Así que recuerden agregando una taza de frutas o vegetales cada día _LvTlgitIAA-00065-00023993-00024197 Es una gran manera de mejorar su salud _LvTlgitIAA-00066-00024197-00024621 Felices Fiestas y no olviden agregar un poco de color _LvTlgitIAA-00067-00025006-00025206 Delicioso _psiBDmtR6Q-00000-00000107-00000190 Hi there! _psiBDmtR6Q-00001-00000190-00000302 My name is Abby Perschall _psiBDmtR6Q-00002-00000302-00000420 and I'm a regional recruiter _psiBDmtR6Q-00003-00000420-00000603 at The University of Alabama. _psiBDmtR6Q-00004-00000603-00000924 I and my fellow recruiters are here to help with anything _psiBDmtR6Q-00005-00000924-00001024 you need help with - _psiBDmtR6Q-00006-00001024-00001146 with the application process, _psiBDmtR6Q-00007-00001146-00001424 whether it is admissions or housing, _psiBDmtR6Q-00008-00001424-00001517 scholarships, _psiBDmtR6Q-00009-00001517-00001655 we're here to help you. _psiBDmtR6Q-00010-00001655-00001861 This process can be overwhelming, _psiBDmtR6Q-00011-00001861-00001997 but it doesn't have to be. _psiBDmtR6Q-00012-00001997-00002219 Whether you have questions about scholarships, _psiBDmtR6Q-00013-00002219-00002393 about the application process, _psiBDmtR6Q-00014-00002393-00002571 or just need someone to talk to, _psiBDmtR6Q-00015-00002571-00002726 we are here to be your BAMA-ily. _psiBDmtR6Q-00016-00002726-00002849 Reach out to us. _psiBDmtR6Q-00017-00002849-00003030 Whether you're getting ready to apply, _psiBDmtR6Q-00018-00003030-00003166 have questions about orientation, _psiBDmtR6Q-00019-00003166-00003454 no matter what, I'm here as a resource to help you all out. _psiBDmtR6Q-00020-00003454-00003601 If you are coming to campus _psiBDmtR6Q-00021-00003601-00003776 and you wanna set up an in-depth visit _psiBDmtR6Q-00022-00003776-00003883 we can help you do that. _psiBDmtR6Q-00023-00003883-00004089 We can specialize your schedule _psiBDmtR6Q-00024-00004089-00004252 to what you are interested in, _psiBDmtR6Q-00025-00004252-00004395 whether it's academics, _psiBDmtR6Q-00026-00004395-00004501 student life, _psiBDmtR6Q-00027-00004501-00004651 or community engagement. _psiBDmtR6Q-00028-00004651-00004941 If you have any questions at all about UA, _psiBDmtR6Q-00029-00004941-00005041 please pick up the phone, _psiBDmtR6Q-00030-00005041-00005235 give us a text message or an email. _psiBDmtR6Q-00031-00005235-00005412 We're here to help you and your family. _psiBDmtR6Q-00032-00005412-00005594 I'm here to help you with all things UA, _psiBDmtR6Q-00033-00005594-00005711 whether it's admissions, _psiBDmtR6Q-00034-00005711-00005794 scholarships, _psiBDmtR6Q-00035-00005794-00005974 or campus visit options. _psiBDmtR6Q-00036-00005974-00006260 So excited you're considering the University. _psiBDmtR6Q-00037-00006260-00006514 We look forward to helping answer some of those questions _psiBDmtR6Q-00038-00006514-00006619 of where you wanna go, _psiBDmtR6Q-00039-00006619-00006825 what you wanna do and who you wanna be. _psiBDmtR6Q-00040-00006825-00007011 We would love for you to come and join us. _psiBDmtR6Q-00041-00007011-00007304 We have students from over 70 countries around the world _psiBDmtR6Q-00042-00007304-00007474 so, we are a place where you can feel welcome _psiBDmtR6Q-00043-00007474-00007678 and at home on campus here. _psiBDmtR6Q-00044-00007678-00007911 Roll tide! _psiBDmtR6Q-00045-00007911-00008003 Roll tide! _psiBDmtR6Q-00046-00008003-00008276 connect.ua.edu. _PtLwLC6j-E-00000-00000010-00000060 RON OUR BEST, AND WE'RE HOPING _PtLwLC6j-E-00001-00000060-00000066 RON OUR BEST, AND WE'RE HOPING _PtLwLC6j-E-00002-00000066-00000387 RON OUR BEST, AND WE'RE HOPING FOR A FULL AND SPEEDY RECOVERY. _PtLwLC6j-E-00003-00000387-00000393 RON OUR BEST, AND WE'RE HOPING FOR A FULL AND SPEEDY RECOVERY. _PtLwLC6j-E-00004-00000393-00000493 RON OUR BEST, AND WE'RE HOPING FOR A FULL AND SPEEDY RECOVERY. >> DENNIS: HENNEPIN COUNTY _PtLwLC6j-E-00005-00000493-00000500 FOR A FULL AND SPEEDY RECOVERY. >> DENNIS: HENNEPIN COUNTY _PtLwLC6j-E-00006-00000500-00000603 FOR A FULL AND SPEEDY RECOVERY. >> DENNIS: HENNEPIN COUNTY COMMISSIONER JEFF JOHNSON SAYS _PtLwLC6j-E-00007-00000603-00000610 >> DENNIS: HENNEPIN COUNTY COMMISSIONER JEFF JOHNSON SAYS _PtLwLC6j-E-00008-00000610-00000780 >> DENNIS: HENNEPIN COUNTY COMMISSIONER JEFF JOHNSON SAYS HE'S RETIRING FROM POLITICS _PtLwLC6j-E-00009-00000780-00000787 COMMISSIONER JEFF JOHNSON SAYS HE'S RETIRING FROM POLITICS _PtLwLC6j-E-00010-00000787-00000974 COMMISSIONER JEFF JOHNSON SAYS HE'S RETIRING FROM POLITICS AFTER LOSING HIS BID FOR _PtLwLC6j-E-00011-00000974-00000980 HE'S RETIRING FROM POLITICS AFTER LOSING HIS BID FOR _PtLwLC6j-E-00012-00000980-00001087 HE'S RETIRING FROM POLITICS AFTER LOSING HIS BID FOR MINNESOTA'S GOVERNOR A SECOND _PtLwLC6j-E-00013-00001087-00001094 AFTER LOSING HIS BID FOR MINNESOTA'S GOVERNOR A SECOND _PtLwLC6j-E-00014-00001094-00001134 AFTER LOSING HIS BID FOR MINNESOTA'S GOVERNOR A SECOND TIME. _PtLwLC6j-E-00015-00001134-00001141 MINNESOTA'S GOVERNOR A SECOND TIME. _PtLwLC6j-E-00016-00001141-00001291 MINNESOTA'S GOVERNOR A SECOND TIME. THE 51-YEAR-OLD JOHNSON SAID _PtLwLC6j-E-00017-00001291-00001297 TIME. THE 51-YEAR-OLD JOHNSON SAID _PtLwLC6j-E-00018-00001297-00001448 TIME. THE 51-YEAR-OLD JOHNSON SAID MONDAY HE IS RETIRING FROM THE _PtLwLC6j-E-00019-00001448-00001454 THE 51-YEAR-OLD JOHNSON SAID MONDAY HE IS RETIRING FROM THE _PtLwLC6j-E-00020-00001454-00001551 THE 51-YEAR-OLD JOHNSON SAID MONDAY HE IS RETIRING FROM THE HENNEPIN COUNTY BOARD AT THE END _PtLwLC6j-E-00021-00001551-00001558 MONDAY HE IS RETIRING FROM THE HENNEPIN COUNTY BOARD AT THE END _PtLwLC6j-E-00022-00001558-00001745 MONDAY HE IS RETIRING FROM THE HENNEPIN COUNTY BOARD AT THE END OF HIS TERM IN 2020. _PtLwLC6j-E-00023-00001745-00001751 HENNEPIN COUNTY BOARD AT THE END OF HIS TERM IN 2020. _PtLwLC6j-E-00024-00001751-00001915 HENNEPIN COUNTY BOARD AT THE END OF HIS TERM IN 2020. HE TELLS THE STAR TRIBUNE HE _PtLwLC6j-E-00025-00001915-00001921 OF HIS TERM IN 2020. HE TELLS THE STAR TRIBUNE HE _PtLwLC6j-E-00026-00001921-00002068 OF HIS TERM IN 2020. HE TELLS THE STAR TRIBUNE HE THINKS IT'S TIME TO GIVE SOMEONE _PtLwLC6j-E-00027-00002068-00002075 HE TELLS THE STAR TRIBUNE HE THINKS IT'S TIME TO GIVE SOMEONE _PtLwLC6j-E-00028-00002075-00002205 HE TELLS THE STAR TRIBUNE HE THINKS IT'S TIME TO GIVE SOMEONE ELSE AN OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE _PtLwLC6j-E-00029-00002205-00002212 THINKS IT'S TIME TO GIVE SOMEONE ELSE AN OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE _PtLwLC6j-E-00030-00002212-00002302 THINKS IT'S TIME TO GIVE SOMEONE ELSE AN OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE THINGS. _PtLwLC6j-E-00031-00002302-00002308 ELSE AN OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE THINGS. _PtLwLC6j-E-00032-00002308-00002746 ELSE AN OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE THINGS. JOHNSON WAS A REPUBLICAN _PtLwLC6j-E-00033-00002746-00002752 THINGS. JOHNSON WAS A REPUBLICAN _PtLwLC6j-E-00034-00002752-00002936 THINGS. JOHNSON WAS A REPUBLICAN ENDORSED CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR _QHJHWDRytI-00000-00001233-00001930 Hi, I'm amber Lockhart, this is Ross Lockhart's we own heart and self farm in Grandin, North Dakota and _QHJHWDRytI-00001-00001992-00002192 We have a small-scale _QHJHWDRytI-00002-00002205-00002804 Vegetable production here, and we're doing a little research this year on controlling cabbage loopers and an organic system _QHJHWDRytI-00003-00002964-00003526 So we found in our farm over the years, we've been in operation since 2013 and _QHJHWDRytI-00004-00003639-00004301 That we've been really interested in growing Braska crops such as cabbage broccoli cauliflower _QHJHWDRytI-00005-00004454-00004735 Anything Brussels sprouts and _QHJHWDRytI-00006-00004862-00005425 Those are major crops for us in our in our rotation and in our in our marketing system _QHJHWDRytI-00007-00005462-00005776 so we've wanted to explore ways to look at _QHJHWDRytI-00008-00005835-00006608 Controlling some of the pests that we've been experiencing in particular imported cabbage worm and cabbage loopers in our _QHJHWDRytI-00009-00006636-00006895 system without the use of any chemical _QHJHWDRytI-00010-00006954-00007062 interventions _QHJHWDRytI-00011-00007062-00007466 What we're trying to find out is can we can we find a way? _QHJHWDRytI-00012-00007536-00007731 to control that _QHJHWDRytI-00013-00007731-00008042 damage from the pests the cabbage looper using _QHJHWDRytI-00014-00008223-00008953 Using the row cover and the the flowers to attract beneficial insects in a really low cost low labor way _QHJHWDRytI-00015-00008973-00009535 For small-scale growers, and what our hope is is that we can we can find a way to? _QHJHWDRytI-00016-00009606-00010181 To be able to harvest these items such as the the cabbage or the cauliflower that has _QHJHWDRytI-00017-00010272-00011062 minimal to no pests inside or damaged so we can bring that to bigger markets such as a _QHJHWDRytI-00018-00011169-00011222 grocery store _QHJHWDRytI-00019-00011222-00011376 Which wouldn't have any? _QHJHWDRytI-00020-00011376-00012010 Tolerance for pest damage whereas at a farmers market you you would have people that would be still willing to purchase that product _QHJHWDRytI-00021-00012120-00012320 We've we've looked at doing _QHJHWDRytI-00022-00012465-00013235 Using a control group of no intervention at all just basically growing in the field under normal conditions _QHJHWDRytI-00023-00013319-00013547 We're we're doing it one treatment with _QHJHWDRytI-00024-00013613-00014149 A floating row cover over there over the bed. We're doing a third treatment with _QHJHWDRytI-00025-00014238-00014409 with _QHJHWDRytI-00026-00014409-00014635 With no row cover, but with beneficial _QHJHWDRytI-00027-00014754-00014954 planting of flowers _QHJHWDRytI-00028-00014994-00015668 Flowers different flower species to try to bring in other insects to sort of counterbalance the damage _QHJHWDRytI-00029-00015702-00015879 from the pests and _QHJHWDRytI-00030-00015879-00016483 Then we're doing a fourth treatment with both the row cover and the beneficial planting _QHJHWDRytI-00031-00016626-00017039 we're particularly averse to using any sort of chemicals on our farm and _QHJHWDRytI-00032-00017092-00017531 So you know when we are using those types of interventions? _QHJHWDRytI-00033-00017531-00018203 you know there's a there's a cost associated with that the cost of the products themselves but also cost to the you know the _QHJHWDRytI-00034-00018214-00018376 the native _QHJHWDRytI-00035-00018376-00018576 habitat within the within the system _QHJHWDRytI-00036-00018637-00019056 We're trying to strike a balance in our farm with with the different _QHJHWDRytI-00037-00019114-00019625 Insects and other creatures that that live in the soil and and on the soil _QHJHWDRytI-00038-00019678-00020241 So we're you know trying to stay away from any type of pesticide use all together _QHJHWDRytI-00039-00022221-00022421 You _ReN2OsgeHY-00000-00002317-00002893 hello fragrance family it's Alex here for tonight we're gonna be covering _ReN2OsgeHY-00001-00002893-00003556 something from the house of Prissana perfums and this one is called Haxan. _ReN2OsgeHY-00002-00003556-00004391 By the way this scent would be available for purchase on their website which have _ReN2OsgeHY-00003-00004391-00004994 a link in the description now this one is available in 50 ml extrait de parfum _ReN2OsgeHY-00004-00004994-00005690 and first thing that you should know this one is a limited edition release _ReN2OsgeHY-00005-00005690-00006665 it's just gonna be available until August of 2019. So to start, this one is _ReN2OsgeHY-00006-00006665-00007714 named Haxan and it's roughly translated to the witch. This was inspired by magic _ReN2OsgeHY-00007-00007714-00008654 sorcery witchcraft by the occult no further ado let's see how this one _ReN2OsgeHY-00008-00008654-00009422 You'd see a fu**load of notes yes there's a lot but what it does _ReN2OsgeHY-00009-00009422-00010528 smell like it's like you've got a lump of damp dark green moss shrubs leaves _ReN2OsgeHY-00010-00010528-00011371 all those branches it smells really mossy it's not the dark green woods _ReN2OsgeHY-00011-00011371-00012132 instance it's just picking on and off the instances there _ReN2OsgeHY-00012-00012135-00013016 I think that's a virtue that's in here you just not Richwoods in here it's just _ReN2OsgeHY-00013-00013016-00013755 like you're outside the witches habitat and you're smelling your surroundings _ReN2OsgeHY-00014-00013755-00014637 this is about soil strong smell of soil strong smell of earth strong smell of _ReN2OsgeHY-00015-00014637-00015752 musk woods and since it's just anything a real clear picture of this witch's _ReN2OsgeHY-00016-00015752-00016491 surroundings another thing that you should know is that this is not a mess _ReN2OsgeHY-00017-00016491-00017039 pleaser with you nope far from it it does not exist to give you compliments _ReN2OsgeHY-00018-00017039-00018117 this one clearly is an art form it is perfume art in the sense that it paints _ReN2OsgeHY-00019-00018117-00018804 a picture in your head whenever you wear this one it is I'd say for the _ReN2OsgeHY-00020-00018804-00019550 connoisseurs only this one cannot be appreciated by a lot of people that it's _ReN2OsgeHY-00021-00019550-00020532 composition density this is very unique mmm I've had difficulty of the calling _ReN2OsgeHY-00022-00020532-00020856 perfumes that smell remotely like this I failed _ReN2OsgeHY-00023-00020856-00021447 there's none the conversation through the of high quality _ReN2OsgeHY-00024-00021447-00022068 there's nothing synthetic or artificial smelling about this as you know which is _ReN2OsgeHY-00025-00022068-00022704 her very secretive so does its seojin projection in borders _ReN2OsgeHY-00026-00022704-00023409 and moderate it has moderate projection it doesn't scream advise you to wear _ReN2OsgeHY-00027-00023409-00024256 this the coldest of days rainy days this would be perfect for those _ReN2OsgeHY-00028-00024256-00024889 this one hacks on really unisex don't let the name fool you _ReN2OsgeHY-00029-00024889-00025757 it is the witch yes but it is very unisex so I guess that's about it I hope _ReN2OsgeHY-00030-00025757-00026435 you have had this picture in your mind of what accent really smells like think _ReN2OsgeHY-00031-00026435-00027761 if the damp really Massey strong woods musk flowers faintly it's on and off it _ReN2OsgeHY-00032-00027761-00028532 is it has freshness every now and then but it it fades in it goes then it _ReN2OsgeHY-00033-00028532-00029027 returns I know it's quite it's quite an emetic and if you want to be different _ReN2OsgeHY-00034-00029027-00029449 you want something different from your collection _ReN2OsgeHY-00035-00029449-00030094 something strange even I'd recommend this this are just my opinions _ReN2OsgeHY-00036-00030094-00031039 recommendations and suggestions to the end of the day you do you this has been _ReN2OsgeHY-00037-00031039-00031516 your host Alex and thank you _ReN2OsgeHY-00038-00034703-00035013 you _UOK-VuIDg0-00000-00000380-00000522 Let’s learn Hangeul. _UOK-VuIDg0-00001-00000544-00000986 digeud, digeud, digeud, digeud _UOK-VuIDg0-00002-00001003-00001472 /d/ /d/ digeud /d/ /d/ digeud _UOK-VuIDg0-00003-00001516-00002480 da dya deo dyeo do dyo du dyu deu di _UOK-VuIDg0-00004-00002512-00002562 one more time _UOK-VuIDg0-00005-00002570-00003476 da dya deo dyeo do dyo du dyu deu di _UOK-VuIDg0-00006-00003600-00003802 Let’s add vowels to the letter digeud _UOK-VuIDg0-00007-00003828-00004318 Put a(아) on digeud(ㄷ) da da da da _UOK-VuIDg0-00008-00004338-00004832 dalamjwi(squirrel) _UOK-VuIDg0-00009-00004858-00005324 Put eo(어) on digeud(ㄷ) deo deo deo deo _UOK-VuIDg0-00010-00005348-00005834 deowi(heat) _UOK-VuIDg0-00011-00005868-00006356 Put o(오) on digeud(ㄷ) do do do do _UOK-VuIDg0-00012-00006380-00006844 dotoli(acorn) _UOK-VuIDg0-00013-00006864-00007359 Put u(우) on digeud(ㄷ) du du du du _UOK-VuIDg0-00014-00007416-00007864 dukkeobi(toad) _UOK-VuIDg0-00015-00007920-00008384 Put eu(으) on digeud(ㄷ) deu deu deu deu _UOK-VuIDg0-00016-00008444-00008888 deuleom(drum) _UOK-VuIDg0-00017-00008944-00009416 Put i(이) on digeud(ㄷ) di di di di _UOK-VuIDg0-00018-00009464-00009920 didimdol(stepping stone) _UOK-VuIDg0-00019-00009968-00010900 da dya deo dyeo do dyo du dyu deu di _UOK-VuIDg0-00020-00010940-00011000 one more time _UOK-VuIDg0-00021-00011000-00011912 da dya deo dyeo do dyo du dyu deu di _UOK-VuIDg0-00022-00012000-00012560 Hangul is really easy. _VHAfPMPRfY-00000-00000336-00000903 Hey, everyone. Glad to be here at csv,conf again. I want to talk today about how _VHAfPMPRfY-00001-00000903-00001328 during the first year of the pandemic we implemented a way for people to _VHAfPMPRfY-00002-00001432-00001832 use their wearables to detect potentially if they have an infection and more _VHAfPMPRfY-00003-00001832-00002392 importantly how we build something together to make this happen. I'm the director of research _VHAfPMPRfY-00004-00002392-00002904 for the Open Humans Foundation, which has people using and gathering their own data. _VHAfPMPRfY-00005-00003496-00004176 Let's start with the things wearables can do. There's a lot of them, and they have increasingly _VHAfPMPRfY-00006-00004176-00004584 been more clever in what they can actually track. Of course, they can track your rest and heart _VHAfPMPRfY-00007-00004584-00005144 rate. Many do your body temperature as well, your respiratory rate, sleep duration and _VHAfPMPRfY-00008-00005144-00006032 quality. A lot of them measure your oxygen saturation as well. That's already a lot of _VHAfPMPRfY-00009-00006032-00006952 physiology data you can track about yourselves. Last year, they were using this for monitoring _VHAfPMPRfY-00010-00006952-00007856 infections. This was a paper I presented at a conference, I think, in 2019. It was during _VHAfPMPRfY-00011-00007959-00008896 influenza outbreaks. That was based on data from 2017 and 2018 with around 3,000 participants. The _VHAfPMPRfY-00012-00008896-00009504 metrics tracked through wearables were things like sleep, sleep quality. _VHAfPMPRfY-00013-00009624-00010344 For some of those variables, it is shown here what people started to behave and behave differently _VHAfPMPRfY-00014-00010408-00011384 days before onset of symptoms. The limitation here is all of this is done on a population‑wide _VHAfPMPRfY-00015-00011384-00012064 surveillance level and not for individual use. On average, you might see a difference. You can see _VHAfPMPRfY-00016-00012064-00012617 when the numbers rise up, but it's not for making individual predictions. Of course, population‑wide _VHAfPMPRfY-00017-00012680-00013424 monitoring is pretty cool and interesting. Last year hit. Particularly in March 2020 where _VHAfPMPRfY-00018-00013424-00013808 all of a sudden everyone in the world was experiencing similar things but for COVID. _VHAfPMPRfY-00019-00013919-00014936 UCSF collaborated with people who had wearable devices. The Scripps Research started their own _VHAfPMPRfY-00020-00014936-00016528 health care data collection and the Stanford health care innovation lab, and the Robert Koch _VHAfPMPRfY-00021-00016792-00017296 Institute. It was about getting population‑level data to reflect population‑wide monitoring. _VHAfPMPRfY-00022-00017424-00018000 There were some issues there as well. If you have academic research combined with wearables, _VHAfPMPRfY-00023-00018000-00019264 then you can easily end up having some small cohort. One study said we have 90% accuracy _VHAfPMPRfY-00024-00019264-00020064 and can anticipate symptoms up to three days in advance. It disappeared from the university _VHAfPMPRfY-00025-00020064-00020824 website, so maybe, oops, not really. There's no feedback for the participants. There's _VHAfPMPRfY-00026-00020824-00021528 no data sharing so no one can reuse it. There's no support of individuals learning _VHAfPMPRfY-00027-00021528-00021976 and making sense of their own data, which is what we're particularly interested in. _VHAfPMPRfY-00028-00022080-00022712 How can we use wearables for personal science to do this together? First, what's personal science? _VHAfPMPRfY-00029-00022712-00023224 Personal science is people using empirical methods to answer personal questions. _VHAfPMPRfY-00030-00023440-00023896 If I'm diabetic, is this fiber really indigestible or will it raise my blood sugar? _VHAfPMPRfY-00031-00024152-00025624 Does my transitional hormone therapy work? We started a project called the Keating _VHAfPMPRfY-00032-00025624-00026352 Memorial to support people doing personal science collectively together. This was in honor of Steven _VHAfPMPRfY-00033-00026352-00027695 Keating, who passed away a year earlier because of a brain tumor in 2019. He was a donation advocate. _VHAfPMPRfY-00034-00027695-00028744 He collected a ton of data about himself. He believed the data could be useful and _VHAfPMPRfY-00035-00028744-00029232 should be shared, if possible. He reminded us collecting this data doesn't need to be _VHAfPMPRfY-00036-00029232-00029680 selfish but it can be used for a greater good if we share data with others and use it collectively. _VHAfPMPRfY-00037-00029800-00030192 We started doing this memorial, which included doing weekly calls where people _VHAfPMPRfY-00038-00030288-00030632 tried to answer their own personal questions. The three examples I gave _VHAfPMPRfY-00039-00030632-00031264 on the last slide were projects people worked on, but then the pandemic hit and people lost _VHAfPMPRfY-00040-00031264-00031936 all time and motivation to work on these topics and had one larger global question. We all have _VHAfPMPRfY-00041-00031936-00033192 these wearables. Can we see when we're having an infection? Then we can use it going forward. _VHAfPMPRfY-00042-00033352-00033872 Collectively, we started brainstorming during the calls and continued in select conversations to see _VHAfPMPRfY-00043-00033872-00034528 how we could do this. The first prototype we made for Quantified Flu, we made one for doing _VHAfPMPRfY-00044-00034528-00035368 retrospective investigations of physiological signals. We already had support for two variables. _VHAfPMPRfY-00045-00035760-00036656 We could very easily make a retrospective analysis. People could punch in their data and _VHAfPMPRfY-00046-00036656-00037608 get a nice graph, like on the right side. You can see the line of where you actually noticed falling _VHAfPMPRfY-00047-00037608-00038264 sick. This is an example of my own data because I remember falling sick on New Year's Eve of 2018. _VHAfPMPRfY-00048-00038344-00038904 You can see my stats going up just a few days before I actually came down with something. _VHAfPMPRfY-00049-00039056-00039544 We made a couple of those and started doing a very small‑scale data analysis. _VHAfPMPRfY-00050-00039656-00040184 We collectively wanted to see if we can also see the same signal overall. It turns out for _VHAfPMPRfY-00051-00040256-00040784 the temperature and the heart rate there seems to be some kind of signal, which is really nice. _VHAfPMPRfY-00052-00040880-00041320 Of course, that's not super ideal because first of all you need to remember when you felt sick in the _VHAfPMPRfY-00053-00041320-00042152 past. It's really hard. You can go back to your calendar or your chat messages and try to find _VHAfPMPRfY-00054-00042152-00042624 out when you told someone you were falling sick, but that is not really easy to do. Of course, _VHAfPMPRfY-00055-00042624-00043056 you might want to track more specific symptoms instead of just knowing did I fall sick on a given _VHAfPMPRfY-00056-00043192-00043584 day. Continuous monitoring in general would just be much more useful. _VHAfPMPRfY-00057-00043696-00044272 Our community decided to learn from the best and steal. We went to the academic _VHAfPMPRfY-00058-00044272-00044632 efforts that were launched at the same time and were like, what kind of symptoms are these _VHAfPMPRfY-00059-00044632-00045224 studies trying to track? We started remixing their symptom reports to unify them into one _VHAfPMPRfY-00060-00045224-00045968 that seemed most useful to our participants instead of having binary symptom reports. _VHAfPMPRfY-00061-00045968-00046616 We settled for these symptoms on a five‑scale reporting. People would get a daily email check _VHAfPMPRfY-00062-00046616-00047776 saying, are you feeling sick today? Yes or no? If you are feeling sick, you get this form. You _VHAfPMPRfY-00063-00047776-00048408 collect this data. It's easy to collect, but how do you make sense of it and how do you collect it? _VHAfPMPRfY-00064-00049000-00049560 We came up with this graph, which converts the data you provide both in terms of symptom tracking _VHAfPMPRfY-00065-00049560-00050000 and physiological data into one graph. In the heat map top, you can see the symptoms you had. _VHAfPMPRfY-00066-00050312-00051080 In the middle in green, you have comments. Below, you can see your heart rate, body temperature, _VHAfPMPRfY-00067-00051144-00051655 respiratory rate, your variables that you can actually use for this. _VHAfPMPRfY-00068-00051824-00052464 That's really nice. In fact, you can see it easily and see when you're having an elevated heart rate. _VHAfPMPRfY-00069-00052464-00052960 The different gray backgrounds show the first and second standard deviation of the normal _VHAfPMPRfY-00070-00052960-00053443 median value of your heart rate. You can see if you have an elevated heart rate compared to what _VHAfPMPRfY-00071-00053512-00054544 you normally have versus a national average. There's a lot of value in you collecting data _VHAfPMPRfY-00072-00054544-00055016 about yourself, which academic studies would never actually collect. The comment here is‑‑ _VHAfPMPRfY-00073-00055072-00055688 the person reports, oh, my cough is not related. I report having cough symptoms, but it's not _VHAfPMPRfY-00074-00055688-00056824 related. I've been smoking more because I'm out of work. They lost their job because of the pandemic. _VHAfPMPRfY-00075-00056824-00057655 The cough is from smoking at home because they're not going to work any longer. This data gets _VHAfPMPRfY-00076-00057655-00058328 collected by people. They can use it to make sense of themselves, and people can share the data. _VHAfPMPRfY-00077-00058328-00058816 People can opt‑in and say they want to make this data available for all members of the community _VHAfPMPRfY-00078-00058816-00059872 and anyone. You can go to Quantified Flu's website. You can download CSVs of all the data. _VHAfPMPRfY-00079-00060416-00060791 That's the technical implementation on the very rough level. _VHAfPMPRfY-00080-00060791-00061384 But I think what's really important to us is this was not done by me or any of the other individuals _VHAfPMPRfY-00081-00061384-00061784 who might somehow do this professionally but by the community for the community. _VHAfPMPRfY-00082-00061848-00062255 All this development was done by the community members of Open Humans and _VHAfPMPRfY-00083-00062416-00063224 just random people who said I want to help. This included the initial ideation and protocol design, _VHAfPMPRfY-00084-00063224-00063896 iterating the protocol over time, implementing the tool, like new wearable support, _VHAfPMPRfY-00085-00063952-00064544 and testing the implementation, of course. What we did is just coded every single message _VHAfPMPRfY-00086-00064544-00065079 into different categories, whether about prototyping, coming up with general ideas, _VHAfPMPRfY-00087-00065079-00065728 or even the implementation of the prototypes. We can see there's a very nice iterative development _VHAfPMPRfY-00088-00065728-00066280 going on. After an initial release very early on, there's a lot of renewed interest in discussing _VHAfPMPRfY-00089-00066280-00066856 the protocol and prototyping now, which leads to a new version of the prototype and so on. _VHAfPMPRfY-00090-00066960-00067528 That's really nice. Many of the things I showed you were not completely done by any individual _VHAfPMPRfY-00091-00067528-00068248 person but collectively. Which symptoms tracked were done collectively. The individualization was _VHAfPMPRfY-00092-00068248-00068896 brainstormed collectively. One master's student actually implemented it. We met a completely _VHAfPMPRfY-00093-00068896-00069696 random mobile developer who made an iOS app. We had no known developer in the community. Someone _VHAfPMPRfY-00094-00069696-00070184 found us and was like, oh, yeah, I'm willing to donate a bunch of time to let you do it. _VHAfPMPRfY-00095-00070264-00070968 Besides this being really cool, what's the benefit of doing co‑creation? Co‑creation really improves _VHAfPMPRfY-00096-00070968-00071568 the user fit. If you think about how mobile health applications typically work and how much they're _VHAfPMPRfY-00097-00071568-00072280 being used, one can see in the academic literature it's really limited and sustained use. Less than _VHAfPMPRfY-00098-00072280-00072920 2% of users ever return after using your app once and never provide data from the output. _VHAfPMPRfY-00099-00073336-00073768 We have over 50% of our users that have collected data for more than three months. _VHAfPMPRfY-00100-00073872-00074384 To this day, data is still being collected by our community and people that are contributing. _VHAfPMPRfY-00101-00074488-00075136 There's a big, big benefit in doing it like this. Of course, if you are an academic, this iterative _VHAfPMPRfY-00102-00075136-00075696 design is really problematic from an ethical oversight point of view because typically, if you _VHAfPMPRfY-00103-00075696-00076304 want to get institutional review board approval for your study, then you need to completely tell _VHAfPMPRfY-00104-00076304-00076872 them what the protocol is. There's no way of iterating rapidly and doing things differently. _VHAfPMPRfY-00105-00077320-00078000 If you need to get approval for every single point along the way, we still wouldn't have _VHAfPMPRfY-00106-00078000-00079736 the first prototype. It's fine if you're doing it outside of academia. I think we need to find _VHAfPMPRfY-00107-00079736-00080496 new ways for actually doing things together. To sum up what we learned to give a bit of _VHAfPMPRfY-00108-00080496-00081096 time back, first of all, Quantified Flu is not about epidemiology, but it's about generating _VHAfPMPRfY-00109-00081096-00081744 personal insights and learning. If you want to do it, you can go to quantifiedflu.com. _VHAfPMPRfY-00110-00082248-00083192 You can see if there's any correlation. Importantly, we see this co‑creation approach _VHAfPMPRfY-00111-00083192-00083736 and this community involvement is a really high fit to the user needs, which leads to a _VHAfPMPRfY-00112-00083736-00084336 great continued user engagement. You can opt‑in to making the data publicly available. There's _VHAfPMPRfY-00113-00084416-00084832 50 datasets publicly available, which you can play around with if you want. _VHAfPMPRfY-00114-00085072-00085936 I speak so much of the community. We had a lot of people involved. Besides me, these people _VHAfPMPRfY-00115-00085936-00086464 were involved in the initial brainstorming and thinking about the project and really _VHAfPMPRfY-00116-00086464-00086926 helped us a lot in getting all the Slack messages coded to understand how we co‑created. _VHAfPMPRfY-00117-00087056-00088776 Basile was instrumental in making the heat map. Karolina used Garmin to help us. _VHAfPMPRfY-00118-00089176-00089664 Of course, there's over 200 users who have virtually tried it out. Please give it a try. _VHAfPMPRfY-00119-00089784-00090456 Before I wrap it up, I just want to take 30 seconds to pitch some similar idea where we _VHAfPMPRfY-00120-00090456-00091352 could need your support. A student in our lab is launching a transgender project called the trans _VHAfPMPRfY-00121-00091416-00093184 biome. Of course, Cis‑women's flora is well‑known. There's less than a handful of studies for the _VHAfPMPRfY-00122-00093184-00093984 microbial flora of the vagina, which is problematic because they can't get proper care. _VHAfPMPRfY-00123-00094072-00095488 This is in support of the trans community in France in particular to understand what's _VHAfPMPRfY-00124-00095488-00096056 the baseline picture. Even that's unknown right now. If you can help us out with just _VHAfPMPRfY-00125-00096056-00096816 a few dollars to push us over the goal, that would be much appreciated. Thanks so much. Happy to take _VHAfPMPRfY-00126-00096816-00096980 any questions. >> _VHAfPMPRfY-00127-00097632-00098392 Thank you so much for the presentation. I think we have a few moments for a question _VHAfPMPRfY-00128-00098392-00099240 or two if there's any in the chat. If there's not, I would invite‑‑ looks like we have a question. _VHAfPMPRfY-00129-00099432-00099656 Can we differentiate between co‑creating _VHAfPMPRfY-00130-00099728-00101016 and pandemic conditions? >> BASTIAN: With regard to the participation _VHAfPMPRfY-00131-00101016-00101600 rates, it's hard to say right now, but we do know there are all the academic studies, _VHAfPMPRfY-00132-00101600-00102136 which are going on right now, which don't have the benefit of being co‑created because they were _VHAfPMPRfY-00133-00102136-00102880 done completely in an academic framework when the academic researchers set up the design. Once the _VHAfPMPRfY-00134-00102880-00103464 data is out and the papers are out, we can see how many participants they enrolled initially and if _VHAfPMPRfY-00135-00103464-00103832 they got enough data in comparison. They're both pandemic related, so hopefully we can _VHAfPMPRfY-00136-00103888-00104664 make a comparison of that in the future. >> And unfortunately, that's all the _VHAfPMPRfY-00137-00104744-00105400 time we have for questions, but I invite everyone to continue the conversation in the Slack channel, _VHAfPMPRfY-00138-00105600-00106232 csv6 Q&A. >> BASTIAN: Thanks. _cDti72P8_0-00000-00000080-00000521 Hello. Welcome to the instructions for Module 6. _cDti72P8_0-00001-00000521-00001130 The topic for Module 6 will be prenatal development. Please be sure to read over _cDti72P8_0-00002-00001130-00001835 the chapter of the OER and to review the PowerPoint slides associated with this _cDti72P8_0-00003-00001835-00002616 chapter on prenatal development. As usual you will be completing the module _cDti72P8_0-00004-00002616-00003183 assignments. Please be sure to complete those assignments by the due dates to _cDti72P8_0-00005-00003183-00003921 avoid any late assignment deductions. These assignments will include a _cDti72P8_0-00006-00003921-00005030 discussion post, a video response, as well as a timed quiz. For this chapter, I want _cDti72P8_0-00007-00005030-00005553 you to be thinking about all of the physical changes that are occurring from _cDti72P8_0-00008-00005553-00006194 the moment of fertilization to birth. For your video response you will be _cDti72P8_0-00009-00006194-00007086 reviewing a video on pregnancy and childbirth. For your discussion posts you _cDti72P8_0-00010-00007086-00007833 will be focusing on the stages of prenatal development. Although there is a _cDti72P8_0-00011-00007833-00008385 lot of information available to us as researchers about the changes that are _cDti72P8_0-00012-00008385-00009252 going on in utero, we can't really truly begin to observe those changes until the _cDti72P8_0-00013-00009252-00010100 human is born. You'll see a tendency for prenatal discussions to focus almost _cDti72P8_0-00014-00010100-00010899 exclusively on physical development. This makes sense because the human cannot _cDti72P8_0-00015-00010899-00011646 interact with others until it is born and we cannot truly examine cognitive _cDti72P8_0-00016-00011646-00012011 changes until birth. _cDti72P8_0-00017-00012097-00012656 I think it's really important for you to think about the limits of understanding _cDti72P8_0-00018-00012656-00013498 the developing zygote, embryo and fetus but at the same time please realize that _cDti72P8_0-00019-00013498-00014197 there are social interactions going on that help to prime the human newborn to _cDti72P8_0-00020-00014197-00014711 begin to form social relationships with those around them from the moment _cDti72P8_0-00021-00014711-00015241 they're born. It's interesting to see that a newborn can recognize its _cDti72P8_0-00022-00015241-00016211 mother's voice and smell. Okay I will see you back in the module instructions for _cDti72P8_0-00023-00016211-00016516 Module 7. _dDzxRfKR2Y-00000-00000000-00000405 I went back to school, at 31 years old... _dDzxRfKR2Y-00001-00000405-00000609 and it was scary. _dDzxRfKR2Y-00002-00000609-00000919 But something that I think _dDzxRfKR2Y-00003-00000919-00001073 would be even more scary to think about _dDzxRfKR2Y-00004-00001073-00001360 is my small town without Nicolet College. _dDzxRfKR2Y-00005-00001360-00001707 If that school wasn't there, _dDzxRfKR2Y-00006-00001707-00002053 I think about things like, we wouldn't have a theater, _dDzxRfKR2Y-00007-00002053-00002256 and we wouldn't be able to _dDzxRfKR2Y-00008-00002256-00002564 bring that culture in through our town. _dDzxRfKR2Y-00009-00002564-00002872 We wouldn't have a beautiful big library... _dDzxRfKR2Y-00010-00002872-00003292 and adults like myself wouldn't have had _dDzxRfKR2Y-00011-00003292-00003694 that opportunity to go back to school. _dDzxRfKR2Y-00012-00003694-00004102 A lot of us have families and we can not relocate _dDzxRfKR2Y-00013-00004102-00004620 so that was my option, and I'm very grateful for that. _faBa7YcQIu-00000-00000006-00000293 if you've been browsing the Christian YouTube scene for too long I'm sure _faBa7YcQIu-00001-00000293-00000764 you've heard of the guys like Jon Jorgenson, Joseph Solomon, Jeff Bethke _faBa7YcQIu-00002-00000764-00001226 these dudes are huge names and they put out amazing content on YouTube and if _faBa7YcQIu-00003-00001226-00001458 you're not familiar with them that will be linked down below so you can check _faBa7YcQIu-00004-00001458-00001811 out their channels too but wait till the end of the video cuz I've got 10 _faBa7YcQIu-00005-00001811-00002739 Christian youtubers I bet you've never heard of hey guys Jeff here from that _faBa7YcQIu-00006-00002739-00003092 bold life your weekly encouragement to help you live a bold life for Jesus _faBa7YcQIu-00007-00003092-00003477 since starting YouTube just a few months ago I've had an awesome experience I've _faBa7YcQIu-00008-00003477-00003744 been able to meet a ton of people and I'm actually been able to talk _faBa7YcQIu-00009-00003744-00004176 one-on-one with some of the people that inspired me to start my own YouTube _faBa7YcQIu-00010-00004176-00004611 channel so the first four I have for you or four that you might have heard of _faBa7YcQIu-00011-00004611-00004917 that they have sort of bigger channels so if you're not familiar with them I _faBa7YcQIu-00012-00004917-00005280 highly recommend you check out their channels and then I got six for you that _faBa7YcQIu-00013-00005280-00005621 I bet you've never heard of the first channel recommend is that Christian _faBa7YcQIu-00014-00005621-00006014 vlogger now Justin does more than just vlog actually does some sit-down _faBa7YcQIu-00015-00006014-00006369 Christian education talking he does some live streams that are just straight _faBa7YcQIu-00016-00006369-00006822 killer next is Caleb at gamer faith is just like the name suggests he is a _faBa7YcQIu-00017-00006822-00007209 gamer who talks about faith he talks about video games to talks about _faBa7YcQIu-00018-00007209-00007748 pornography and addiction and all these other tough subjects but Caleb just has _faBa7YcQIu-00019-00007748-00008193 some amazing wisdom dude is an awesome guy he has a great channel highly _faBa7YcQIu-00020-00008193-00008571 recommend you check them out if you haven't already I highly recommend far _faBa7YcQIu-00021-00008571-00009045 away distance amazing channel Becca has some awesome teachings _faBa7YcQIu-00022-00009045-00009375 I'm telling you she just opens up the Word of God it's it's a fantastic _faBa7YcQIu-00023-00009375-00009800 channel if you like spoken word and all-around powerful videos then you need _faBa7YcQIu-00024-00009800-00010286 check out will Edison's channel perfect link down below okay guys now I have six _faBa7YcQIu-00025-00010286-00010629 channels that you might not have ever heard of most of these guys have I think _faBa7YcQIu-00026-00010629-00010977 less than a thousand subs so they're kind of smaller channels but they're _faBa7YcQIu-00027-00010977-00011385 growing fast and they are truly teaching the Word of God in just an amazing way _faBa7YcQIu-00028-00011385-00011874 so first up is Scott schumake he actually has a vlogging channel where he _faBa7YcQIu-00029-00011874-00012299 vlogs his family life and in kind of his situation and things you _faBa7YcQIu-00030-00012299-00012686 through but a dude is an awesome guy he's actually a pastor makes them _faBa7YcQIu-00031-00012686-00013075 awesome cinematic vlogs go check him out another dude I actually just climbed _faBa7YcQIu-00032-00013075-00013505 with this guy last week but Wayne R is he has some sit-down videos sort of like _faBa7YcQIu-00033-00013505-00013844 mine where he just opens up the Word of God in new teachings it's phenomenal _faBa7YcQIu-00034-00013844-00014312 another guy's collabed with is actually tyler at 5:17 fitness he focuses on _faBa7YcQIu-00035-00014312-00014819 faith and fitness and the two and I'm passionate about both but he just has _faBa7YcQIu-00036-00014819-00015233 some great teachings and motivational videos and he really encourages you to _faBa7YcQIu-00037-00015233-00015638 get fit and live a fit life now a channel that I recently found and have _faBa7YcQIu-00038-00015638-00016031 just fallen in love with their content is Matt and Esther Christian vloggers _faBa7YcQIu-00039-00016031-00016451 looking up it's Madden s but they post videos together they post videos _faBa7YcQIu-00040-00016451-00016886 separate they have two dynamic forms of teaching matt has some of these like _faBa7YcQIu-00041-00016886-00017312 sermon jam videos that i think are just killer I'll listen to those they can be _faBa7YcQIu-00042-00017312-00017795 pumped up every single time gotta check out their channel guys Josh over a _faBa7YcQIu-00043-00017795-00018359 bearded ministry has some of the best sit down communication Bible tough topic _faBa7YcQIu-00044-00018359-00018767 tough question answering videos I've seen and dude is just rocking it awesome _faBa7YcQIu-00045-00018767-00019120 good so you just got to give him a sub just for that alright and a brand new _faBa7YcQIu-00046-00019120-00019589 guy literally found his channel about two weeks ago he has a channel called _faBa7YcQIu-00047-00019589-00019967 once upon a church and I found it cuz he posted him one of the group's man saying _faBa7YcQIu-00048-00019967-00020366 he got a free drone I'm like I'm interested but I wouldn't check out his _faBa7YcQIu-00049-00020366-00020807 content it's so professional it is so upbeat man I could just sit not actually _faBa7YcQIu-00050-00020807-00021085 comment and told him that I was binge watching his videos for them pretty sure _faBa7YcQIu-00051-00021085-00021650 I watched for like two hours straight just all his videos but highly recommend _faBa7YcQIu-00052-00021650-00022076 Jackie app once upon a church Argus I'm sure you heard me say I highly recommend _faBa7YcQIu-00053-00022076-00022523 like a thousand times but I really sincerely do these are 10 youtubers that _faBa7YcQIu-00054-00022523-00022951 I watch almost on a daily basis when I see that they've released a new video I _faBa7YcQIu-00055-00022951-00023360 click I go and watch and I just get encouraged I get inspired one of the key _faBa7YcQIu-00056-00023360-00023819 characteristics of a bold life is always taking in content always taking in _faBa7YcQIu-00057-00023819-00024119 scripts you're always taking in motivation you're gonna need that _faBa7YcQIu-00058-00024119-00024481 because live is gonna throw some tough things out here so these are 10 _faBa7YcQIu-00059-00024481-00024720 youtubers I think you can listen to you'll be _faBa7YcQIu-00060-00024720-00025104 then and you'll be motivated and I'll help you to continue living a bold line _faBa7YcQIu-00061-00025104-00025518 so guys go check out their channels give them a sub if you like them tell them _faBa7YcQIu-00062-00025518-00026069 Jeff sent you all right guys keep living that bold life _iTNTIFazBU-00000-00000000-00000264 In case of the frontal area of your head, getting a hair transplant is the way to go. _iTNTIFazBU-00001-00000284-00000416 When it comes to getting a hair transplant, you don’t always get only one chance. _iTNTIFazBU-00002-00000416-00000688 The customer who gave us a unique interview~ _iTNTIFazBU-00003-00000764-00000916 Hello, I’m Kim Jin-Oh,the director of NHI(New Hair Institute) _iTNTIFazBU-00004-00000916-00001300 ‘a unique interview with him’’ Yes, I enjoyed the video. _iTNTIFazBU-00005-00001300-00001678 I understand his concerns. _iTNTIFazBU-00006-00001678-00002246 I saw the interview video and I have a few things to tell you, so I’m filming this. _iTNTIFazBU-00007-00002246-00002670 I used to think that hair transplant was the only solution for hair loss. _iTNTIFazBU-00008-00002670-00003720 For someone, especially as a specialist in plastic surgery, who thought that solutions such as intra follicular injection, medical treatment, and laser treatment were all lies that made no sense, _iTNTIFazBU-00009-00003720-00004448 you could probably tell that my stance have changed compared to the earlier days in my baldingblog. _iTNTIFazBU-00010-00004448-00004704 In the beginning of my blog, I posted a lot about hair transplant. _iTNTIFazBU-00011-00004704-00005226 These days, I post a lot about overall lifestyles and treatment on hair loss. _iTNTIFazBU-00012-00005334-00005614 In case of the frontal area of your head,however, getting a hair transplant is the way to go. _iTNTIFazBU-00013-00005614-00006690 Although it is a little less effective on the front part of the head, medical treatment such as medication, intra follicular injection, and laser treatment can be very effective on the top and crown parts of the head. _iTNTIFazBU-00014-00006690-00007022 It is recommended that all methods be combined to help with hair loss. _iTNTIFazBU-00015-00007022-00007652 If surgery is enough to improve your hair loss, you won’t need any other treatment, but not many people feel as much improvement as they have expected. _iTNTIFazBU-00016-00007738-00007848 Everyone gets a little disappointed. _iTNTIFazBU-00017-00007848-00008384 So I recommend combining all methods to improve hair loss. _iTNTIFazBU-00018-00008384-00009094 So, in the past as a doctor who preferred hair transplant, I used to recommend surgery if patient wanted it. _iTNTIFazBU-00019-00009094-00009838 However, since a few years ago it has become customary for me to try all other possibilities _iTNTIFazBU-00020-00009838-00010912 such as taking medicines and depending on the results decide whether or not to do the surgery especially in the case of the crown area of the head but also with the frontal area. _iTNTIFazBU-00021-00010912-00011436 Of course, In case of those who’re in a hurry or have already been treated but haven’t had much effect, I recommend them to get the surgery right away. _iTNTIFazBU-00022-00011436-00011766 But customarily, I consider the former as the standard way. _iTNTIFazBU-00023-00011854-00012054 If you look at this interview video, _iTNTIFazBU-00024-00012138-00012470 When it comes to hair transplant, it is a one in a lifetime chance right? _iTNTIFazBU-00025-00012470-00012834 As you know, since hair transplant is a surgery that takes hair from the back area and transplant it to the front area, once the hairs are moved, there will be no more hair that can be additionally collected from the back area. _iTNTIFazBU-00026-00012834-00013388 From the patient’s point of view, because hair transplant is the last resort for hair loss treatment, patients have to be careful and look up a lot of information about the surgery. _iTNTIFazBU-00027-00013419-00013619 However, when it comes to getting a hair transplant, you don’t always get only one chance. _iTNTIFazBU-00028-00013619-00013888 There may be differences between people depending on how many grafts you used in your first surgery, _iTNTIFazBU-00029-00013890-00014236 or how dense your donor area is, but generally, you can get hair transplant 2 or 3 times in your lifetime. _iTNTIFazBU-00030-00014236-00014641 Of course, in case of those who have small amount of hair on the donor area, or those who need hair transplant with very large amount of grafts, they may only be able to get hair transplant only once in their lifetime. _iTNTIFazBU-00031-00014641-00014988 So I also think it’s right to approach the matter carefully. _iTNTIFazBU-00032-00014988-00015560 I think it’s important for the doctor to suggest what’s best for the patient. _iTNTIFazBU-00033-00015560-00016464 I think it’s important to thoroughly consider what it is that the patients wants, what are the ways to achieve such goals, and thoroughly explain how much one could expect out of the result. _iTNTIFazBU-00034-00016464-00016844 Secondly, he told me about the success fee. _iTNTIFazBU-00035-00016896-00017296 Interviewer: If my hair did not grow because not all thousand transplanted hair follicles survived even after 6 months to a year after the surgery… _iTNTIFazBU-00036-00017296-00017572 Among them 5 hair follicles may not survive right? In that case, 5 hair follicles worth of money should be excluded from the total. _iTNTIFazBU-00037-00017572-00017938 If we compare this to the law firm I work at, it will be kind of like the contingent fee. _iTNTIFazBU-00038-00017938-00018160 In the patients’ perspective this gives them full guarantee. _iTNTIFazBU-00039-00018216-00019000 ‘You have to guarantee a 100 percent that everything will go well, and if the survival rate of the graft doesn’t reach a 100 percent~’ Is what he told me when talking about hair transplant results. _iTNTIFazBU-00040-00019000-00019426 From the customer’s point view, this is right. _iTNTIFazBU-00041-00019570-00020272 Although from the consumer’s point of view, this is all good and true, when it comes to medical science not all may be that simple. _iTNTIFazBU-00042-00020272-00020834 There’s a scene in the drama ‘A Wise Doctor Life’ where actor Jung Kyung-ho says this: _iTNTIFazBU-00043-00020834-00021110 ‘I’ll do my best’ _iTNTIFazBU-00044-00021142-00021894 f course, hair transplant surgery and hair loss treatment are cosmetic procedures, so it may be a little difficult to compare, but like the doctors in the drama, _iTNTIFazBU-00045-00021894-00022280 I always tell patients that our medical team including myself always do our best to perform the surgery. _iTNTIFazBU-00046-00022280-00023148 If the survival rate of the graft and the results of the surgery are solely up to the medical team, I think it’s right to do what he says. _iTNTIFazBU-00047-00023150-00023322 However, the results are also affected by the patient’s individual factors. _iTNTIFazBU-00048-00023322-00023742 And what we call an ‘unknown X-factor’ may also affect the result of the surgery. _iTNTIFazBU-00049-00023742-00023990 There are many factors that affect the result of surgery. _iTNTIFazBU-00050-00023990-00024640 Of course, the doctor’s skills and the medical staff’s skills are important, but there are other factors that can affect the result of surgery. _iTNTIFazBU-00051-00024640-00025288 In some cases, the results may be judged to be poor due to the patient’s individual factors or the X-factor. _iTNTIFazBU-00052-00025288-00026302 In this case, even if the medical team did their best, the results might not be good. _iTNTIFazBU-00053-00026302-00027026 Like Dr.Jung Kyung-ho in the drama, even if doctors did their best to operate, sometimes they may not be able to save the patients. _iTNTIFazBU-00054-00027026-00027492 But if a doctor is criticized for the results of the surgery or is forced to take responsibility, _iTNTIFazBU-00055-00027492-00027948 he or she will not want to do the surgery because the burden of the surgery is very high. _iTNTIFazBU-00056-00027948-00028444 For example, if for a certain cancer surgery a surgeon is made to take some responsibility, no surgeon would want to do it anymore. _iTNTIFazBU-00057-00028444-00029272 Same goes for hair transplant surgeries. If this is the case, there will be a huge decrease in the number of doctors and clinics who would want to do hair transplant surgery, _iTNTIFazBU-00058-00029272-00029968 so it will cause the cost of surgery to go up, which will cause a lot of difficulties for customers in unexpected areas. _iTNTIFazBU-00059-00029968-00030242 I told you from a doctor’s point of view. _iTNTIFazBU-00060-00030242-00030808 Of course, when it comes to buying electronics, you can think like that from a general consumer’s point of view, _iTNTIFazBU-00061-00030808-00031268 but because it medical science we are talking about, it’s hard for patients to understand the difference. _iTNTIFazBU-00062-00031268-00031839 I think this is because patients simply think that hair should grow because they got a hair transplant surgery. _iTNTIFazBU-00063-00031930-00032354 Assuming we’re planning to transplant 1000 grafts, how do I verify if they’re all transplanted? _iTNTIFazBU-00064-00032354-00032606 It takes less than 30 mins to count a thousand. _iTNTIFazBU-00065-00032606-00032806 If I can count the number of grafts,I’ll count as many as I can. _iTNTIFazBU-00066-00032892-00033092 The number of grafts contracted is… _iTNTIFazBU-00067-00033092-00033618 If you want to check it out we can show you the charts we made on the number of the grafts, or you can also count for yourself. _iTNTIFazBU-00068-00033618-00034048 Especially in the case of the FUE, you can count the number of holes in the donor area. _iTNTIFazBU-00069-00034048-00034800 Don’t worry too much about that. I think we can safely say that no clinic cheats on patients with grafts these days. _iTNTIFazBU-00070-00034800-00035282 Success fee, deferred payment...There’s a deferred payment system for apartments, too. _iTNTIFazBU-00071-00035282-00035906 I’ll consider about it later if our clinic does really well. _iTNTIFazBU-00072-00035984-00036454 One of the things we can do for our customers is a customer satisfaction guarantee. _iTNTIFazBU-00073-00036458-00037228 After hair transplant surgery, if there are parts that are less dense than expected, we do the surgery again to increase density on these area. _iTNTIFazBU-00074-00037228-00037734 I can’t give you 100 percent satisfaction because I’m not God. _iTNTIFazBU-00075-00037734-00038450 I do many touch-up surgery for those who have gotten hair transplant in other clinics, but sometimes the surgery I did needs it as well to increase density. _iTNTIFazBU-00076-00038450-00039372 Thank you for saying a lot of good things. If there is anything to be applied and corrected, we will surely reflect on such issues to improve our clinic. _iTNTIFazBU-00077-00039372-00039622 Thank you for saying a lot of good things for our clinic. _iTNTIFazBU-00078-00039622-00039884 We will continue to try our clinic become more advanced. _iTNTIFazBU-00079-00039884-00040124 Thank you for watching. _jCieQN-ngk-00000-00000000-00000616 depression affects many of us around the globe according to the world health organization 300 _jCieQN-ngk-00001-00000616-00001144 million people of all ages battle with it depression is a sneaky mental disorder _jCieQN-ngk-00002-00001144-00001552 it's difficult to catch during the early stages most of us realize we have depression _jCieQN-ngk-00003-00001552-00002160 when we're deep in the grips of it those with this mental disorder feel hopeless empty or sad _jCieQN-ngk-00004-00002160-00002720 fatigued irritable and restless depression not only takes your motivation away but you can have _jCieQN-ngk-00005-00002720-00003200 problems concentrating and making decisions those of us with this disorder can act in _jCieQN-ngk-00006-00003200-00003679 ways that will worsen the situation here's a list of 10 things depression makes you do _jCieQN-ngk-00007-00003847-00004496 one isolating yourself individuals with depression isolate themselves for different reasons _jCieQN-ngk-00008-00004496-00004904 some will keep to themselves because they feel overwhelmed socializing and others believe it's _jCieQN-ngk-00009-00004904-00005448 better to be alone in other cases the person may feel so much self-hatred that they prefer _jCieQN-ngk-00010-00005448-00005952 to not interact with people those with severe depression may even stay in their house for weeks _jCieQN-ngk-00011-00006072-00006704 two being disorganized depression leaves you feeling exhausted so cleaning your room or home _jCieQN-ngk-00012-00006704-00007192 becomes an endeavor dirty dishes and clothes start piling up while your garbage is overflowing the _jCieQN-ngk-00013-00007192-00007656 trash it becomes an even bigger physical challenge to walk around your room because everything is on _jCieQN-ngk-00014-00007656-00008216 the floor living in a cluttered place leaves you feeling uneasy but the lack of energy doesn't help _jCieQN-ngk-00015-00008328-00009008 three poor hygiene depression zaps all your energy it's difficult enough to get out of bed _jCieQN-ngk-00016-00009008-00009584 so showering brushing your teeth washing your hair and taking care of your body goes out the window _jCieQN-ngk-00017-00009584-00010016 those without depression may see this behavior as lazy but the truth is _jCieQN-ngk-00018-00010016-00010424 showering or changing into clean clothes is exhausting and painful at times _jCieQN-ngk-00019-00010592-00011312 4. struggling with sleep depression affects your sleeping schedule some of you may stay up _jCieQN-ngk-00020-00011312-00011848 and sleep very little it keeps you up with your intrusive unwanted thoughts these may end up _jCieQN-ngk-00021-00011848-00012384 making you feel anxious all through the night in other cases some of you will sleep excessively _jCieQN-ngk-00022-00012384-00013224 and still feel unrested 5. catastrophizing every situation depression plays tricks on your mind _jCieQN-ngk-00023-00013224-00013712 making you believe negative things it can get to a point where you're constantly looking out for bad _jCieQN-ngk-00024-00013712-00014288 things to reassure your pessimistic thinking every time something bad happens you use it as evidence _jCieQN-ngk-00025-00014288-00014928 to prove how bad life is this slippery slope makes it difficult to see life under a brighter light _jCieQN-ngk-00026-00015080-00015832 6. terrible eating habits those with depression will either eat too much or hardly anything at all _jCieQN-ngk-00027-00015832-00016240 some of you may find yourself in the kitchen eating everything in sight trying to eat away the _jCieQN-ngk-00028-00016240-00016720 emptiness or sadness you're feeling while others don't have an appetite and may even feel disgusted _jCieQN-ngk-00029-00016720-00017192 by food in other cases some of you may feel so exhausted that the thought of preparing a meal _jCieQN-ngk-00030-00017192-00017992 is overwhelming 7. lack of motivation depression steals your interests and desires right from under _jCieQN-ngk-00031-00017992-00018544 you your favorite pastimes and hobbies no longer satisfy you slowly you find yourself feeling dead _jCieQN-ngk-00032-00018544-00019192 and numb inside if you aren't careful you'll end up staying in bed all day eight evading your _jCieQN-ngk-00033-00019192-00019784 problems depression by itself is overwhelming you can feel devastated and out of control most days _jCieQN-ngk-00034-00019840-00020376 so trying to face situations and problems head on is difficult enough instead you ignore or set _jCieQN-ngk-00035-00020376-00020840 the problem aside and this in turn can bring trouble because it will continue to pile up _jCieQN-ngk-00036-00020944-00021680 9. feeling guilty and feeling self-hatred if you allow depression to take over your thoughts then _jCieQN-ngk-00037-00021680-00022096 you'll most likely feel self-hatred you'll continue to talk down to yourself _jCieQN-ngk-00038-00022096-00022568 and this often leads to the development of self-esteem issues along with poor self-image _jCieQN-ngk-00039-00022568-00022984 eventually you'll believe you aren't worth it anymore some people with this mental disorder _jCieQN-ngk-00040-00022984-00023664 can even feel guilt by thinking all their problems are their fault and 10. living in fear people with _jCieQN-ngk-00041-00023664-00024144 depression fear that terrible things will happen to them in severe cases some of you will sabotage _jCieQN-ngk-00042-00024144-00024704 a good situation believing that it will turn bad other times individuals will reject opportunities _jCieQN-ngk-00043-00024704-00025216 and stop pursuing their dreams it's a twisted way to protect yourself because this prevents you from _jCieQN-ngk-00044-00025216-00025816 living and achieving amazing things depression affects us in different ways the list mentioned in _jCieQN-ngk-00045-00025816-00026264 this video contains some of the common behaviors those with the disorder have do you agree with _jCieQN-ngk-00046-00026264-00026783 these points what other behaviors have you noticed let us know in the comments section below _jJ-L6NzkAI-00000-00000000-00000143 Hello, welcome to my channel. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00001-00000143-00000395 my name is Cassio, and I am a fashion photographer. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00002-00001689-00001828 In my previous video, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00003-00001828-00002095 I talked about how to create images based on _jJ-L6NzkAI-00004-00002148-00002368 different shades of the same color, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00005-00002368-00002554 but today I gonna talk about _jJ-L6NzkAI-00006-00002655-00002774 Boom! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00007-00002774-00002850 opposite colors! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00008-00002850-00003182 and the opposite of black is white! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00010-00005393-00005580 opposite colors, yeah? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00011-00005580-00005692 also known as _jJ-L6NzkAI-00012-00005771-00005931 Complementary colors. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00013-00005931-00006246 have you seen the color wheel before? haven't you? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00014-00006246-00006314 have a look at this! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00015-00006314-00006432 the primary colors are red _jJ-L6NzkAI-00016-00006473-00006668 yellow in blue. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00017-00006668-00007116 Also known as RYB or CMY, if you like, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00018-00007116-00007330 standing for cyan magenta and yellow. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00019-00007412-00007767 Mix these colors, and you will get the secondary colors, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00020-00007768-00007813 Yeah? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00021-00007813-00008030 Also known as complementary colors _jJ-L6NzkAI-00022-00008030-00008150 or opposite colors _jJ-L6NzkAI-00023-00008150-00008220 or contrast colors, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00024-00008220-00008354 so many different names for it! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00025-00008354-00008589 the three traditional sets of _jJ-L6NzkAI-00026-00008633-00009120 Complementary colors, as derived from RYB color model are _jJ-L6NzkAI-00027-00009120-00009280 red in green _jJ-L6NzkAI-00028-00009359-00009488 Yellow and purple _jJ-L6NzkAI-00029-00009488-00009704 and orange and blue. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00030-00009704-00009861 you can see them positioned _jJ-L6NzkAI-00031-00009893-00010095 opposite one another on the color wheel. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00032-00010095-00010318 play with different shades of primary colors _jJ-L6NzkAI-00033-00010318-00010593 And you get different complementary colors, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00034-00010593-00010702 green and magenta, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00035-00010775-00010975 red and cyan and blue _jJ-L6NzkAI-00036-00011011-00011183 And yellow. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00037-00011183-00011534 Complementary colors, when used together in colors schemes, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00038-00011534-00011802 are dynamic and quite pleasing to the eye. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00039-00011803-00012114 no wonder designers make full use of _jJ-L6NzkAI-00040-00012178-00012528 Complementary colors when creating logos. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00041-00012528-00012678 have you ever wondered _jJ-L6NzkAI-00042-00012686-00013069 Why safety barriers are black and yellow? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00043-00013121-00013353 and why stop signs are red and white? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00044-00013353-00013509 and the _jJ-L6NzkAI-00045-00013577-00013833 exit signs are green and white or _jJ-L6NzkAI-00046-00013910-00014254 Direction signs are blue and white? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00047-00014254-00014490 It's all related to semiotics! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00048-00014491-00014672 have you heard about semiotics before? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00049-00014672-00015056 semiotics is the study of signs and symbols _jJ-L6NzkAI-00050-00015056-00015216 and their use and _jJ-L6NzkAI-00051-00015263-00015361 Interpretation. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00052-00015361-00015696 how your brain reacts to a specific color. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00053-00015706-00016010 It's also called in the psychology of colors. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00054-00016010-00016134 so, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00055-00016175-00016313 red indicates danger! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00056-00016313-00016710 Signs in Red prevent a certain action or highlight danger. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00057-00016710-00016863 yellow indicates _jJ-L6NzkAI-00058-00016910-00017244 Information, so signs in yellow are meant to draw attention. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00059-00017291-00017796 Signs containing the blue color are typically used to display obligatory _jJ-L6NzkAI-00060-00017939-00018150 Instructions or information, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00061-00018150-00018460 and the green color is used in signs made to direct people _jJ-L6NzkAI-00062-00018503-00018868 and highlight important features of a certain setting. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00063-00018887-00019294 But how about using the the complementary colors _jJ-L6NzkAI-00064-00019294-00019530 and the psychology of colors in fashion photography? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00065-00021101-00021346 In my early days in digital photography, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00066-00021346-00021598 a friend of mine was making a free-paper, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00067-00021623-00022023 And asked me to photograph some sexy girls for his magazine. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00068-00022024-00022348 I saw it as a chance to exercise some ideas _jJ-L6NzkAI-00069-00022348-00022399 I had in mind, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00070-00022399-00022846 But had no clue how to do it because I knew nothing about Photoshop. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00071-00022877-00023286 the designer of the magazine knew how to use Photoshop, great! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00072-00023287-00023845 So I take the pictures, I give the data to him, and I try to direct the him to retouch the pictures _jJ-L6NzkAI-00073-00023876-00024068 According to the ideas I had. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00074-00024068-00024390 my ideas were base it on the work of David LaChapelle. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00075-00024391-00024790 He's, undoubtedly, the craziest photographer in the fashion business! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00076-00024790-00024985 you see that David LaChapelle uses _jJ-L6NzkAI-00077-00025025-00025380 plenty of complementary colors on his photos. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00078-00025380-00025510 Yeah, have a look at these photos here. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00079-00025511-00025720 Aren't they cool? nice colors? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00080-00025720-00025783 check out _jJ-L6NzkAI-00081-00025783-00026490 this skin tone. the skin texture, and see how smooth it looks! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00082-00026491-00027010 It's not only for the colors and skin tones and patterns and etc, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00083-00027010-00027226 but you see that the models _jJ-L6NzkAI-00084-00027226-00027474 Have a different kind of attitude in there. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00085-00027474-00027753 it's totally unexpected what they are doing out there. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00086-00027956-00028289 Somehow it calls for a reaction, doesn't it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00087-00028289-00028473 is just like the yellow in black of the _jJ-L6NzkAI-00088-00028598-00028683 safety barrier. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00089-00028683-00028939 you react to his pictures. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00090-00028939-00029292 I decided to shoot the models doing something totally different, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00091-00029320-00029520 something unorthodox! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00092-00029533-00029944 for example, eating past in the stairs, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00093-00029944-00030185 making phone call when falling down the stairs, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00094-00030185-00030261 doing her nails _jJ-L6NzkAI-00095-00030376-00030576 in the middle of somewhere, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00096-00030589-00030844 Eating grapes against this wall, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00097-00030844-00030967 and drinking coffee _jJ-L6NzkAI-00098-00031027-00031184 and drinking coca-cola _jJ-L6NzkAI-00099-00031184-00031420 and taking pictures. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00100-00031448-00031641 Try to make something different! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00101-00031641-00032027 That's what I had in mind. I did a bit of a location scouting around my place _jJ-L6NzkAI-00102-00032027-00032327 and I found a few different walls and stairs and _jJ-L6NzkAI-00103-00032352-00032550 Spots with colors in it. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00104-00032550-00032833 then I asked at the models to bring clothes _jJ-L6NzkAI-00105-00032901-00033382 According to the complementary colors of the location spots I found. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00106-00033382-00033461 blue and yellow _jJ-L6NzkAI-00107-00033582-00033782 magenta and green _jJ-L6NzkAI-00108-00033789-00034112 and even the coca-cola bottle was inspiring, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00109-00034112-00034346 so I used red and black. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00110-00034398-00034680 and why not pink and black? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00111-00034680-00034846 pink is a shade of red isn't it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00112-00034846-00035161 I asked the designer if he could retouch the pictures _jJ-L6NzkAI-00113-00035175-00035472 according to David LaChapelle style, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00114-00035472-00035642 strong colors, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00115-00035663-00035808 the skin, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00116-00035808-00036199 and the attitude of the model was up to me, I had to direct them how to look _jJ-L6NzkAI-00117-00036291-00036366 Unorthodox. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00118-00036366-00036914 to get that skin there, the designer used the clone tool on Photoshop. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00119-00036963-00037460 Opacity around 4%, and painted the model skin over _jJ-L6NzkAI-00120-00037542-00038050 and over again until he gets it totally smooth. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00121-00038178-00038362 it's not perfect, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00122-00038362-00038741 but it's very close to what David LaChapelle did. isn't it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00123-00038747-00039221 I thought he did a pretty good job, and he said he was using a mouse, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00124-00039285-00039396 not a _jJ-L6NzkAI-00125-00039396-00039510 Wacom tablet, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00126-00039510-00039695 Not a pen, a mouse!! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00127-00039695-00040000 he couldn't hardly lift a fork to his mouth _jJ-L6NzkAI-00128-00040000-00040390 after he finished retouching six or seven photos! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00129-00040390-00040555 a lot of legs, a lot of skin! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00131-00040752-00040862 Oh my god! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00132-00040862-00041078 that might have been a very hard job for him to do! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00133-00041078-00041404 as I said, these pictures are just an experiment with the _jJ-L6NzkAI-00134-00041454-00041620 complementary colors, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00135-00041620-00041804 I was trying to understand how the _jJ-L6NzkAI-00136-00041880-00041990 contrast and stuff work in Photoshop. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00137-00041990-00042352 how the skin works on Photoshop and blah blah blah. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00138-00042353-00042817 eventually I got asked it to photograph an advertising _jJ-L6NzkAI-00139-00042870-00043004 for a fashion brand. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00140-00043004-00043396 I went to see the clothes and the clothes were black and white. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00141-00043431-00043792 When I saw that, the semiotics thing came up to my mind. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00142-00043792-00043942 Yeah?, the stop sign, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00143-00043942-00044072 the coca-cola logo. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00144-00044178-00044570 What if we photograph black/white against red, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00145-00044570-00044822 what if we photograph the models in a kind of _jJ-L6NzkAI-00146-00044937-00045045 Unexpected behavior? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00147-00045045-00045294 doing something different, you know what I mean? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00148-00045294-00045407 and the client was okay! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00149-00045407-00045500 Let's do that! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00150-00045500-00045692 I arranged a few props together, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00151-00045692-00045875 and that's what I came out with! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00152-00045875-00045955 check this out! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00154-00047510-00047899 I used the same lighting I did for the sexy girls _jJ-L6NzkAI-00155-00047927-00048163 experiment for my friends free-paper, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00156-00048163-00048300 a ring light. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00157-00048300-00048580 very simple and easy to use. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00158-00048580-00048700 a ring light looks like this, and _jJ-L6NzkAI-00159-00048700-00048883 The camera with the lens there in the middle, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00160-00048883-00049166 boom-boom-boom is very good to photograph shiny stuff! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00161-00049166-00049350 it comes out really good. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00162-00049350-00049528 as for the skin, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00163-00049528-00049806 I used a Photoshop plug-in called portraiture, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00164-00049925-00050048 from _jJ-L6NzkAI-00165-00050048-00050302 a software brand called Imagenomic. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00166-00050378-00051136 Much easier than using the clone tool with low opacity, painting over and over again, like my friend did. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00167-00051188-00051286 No. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00168-00051286-00051534 Imagenomic is much easier! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00169-00051534-00051754 Have a look at this picture, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00170-00051757-00052074 It's a scene from Wes Anderson movie called _jJ-L6NzkAI-00171-00052163-00052346 moonrise kingdom. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00172-00052346-00052540 As I said on my previous video, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00173-00052540-00052972 Wes Anderson makes full use of different tones of the same color, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00174-00052972-00053106 in this case, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00175-00053165-00053308 different shades of green, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00176-00053308-00053709 but what happens when you add a complementary color of green to the scene? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00177-00053765-00053896 BOOM! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00178-00053896-00054244 This girl wearing pink is just eye-catch, isn't she? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00179-00054244-00054600 and the pink blends so well with the shades of green, doesn't it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00180-00054623-00054791 Another inspiring image, isn't it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00181-00054791-00055237 one day, a fashion designer called me _jJ-L6NzkAI-00182-00055289-00055587 Asking me if I could photograph two of her new _jJ-L6NzkAI-00183-00055642-00055867 line of sexy dresses. yeah? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00184-00055867-00056184 I said okay. Let's do it, so I went to see the dress _jJ-L6NzkAI-00185-00056184-00056241 and it was a _jJ-L6NzkAI-00186-00056300-00056500 really shining, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00187-00056534-00056734 scintillating kind of blue! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00188-00056885-00057048 Super sexy dress. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00189-00057048-00057457 I had this kind of material that depends how you position it, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00190-00057473-00057688 It looks green or blue, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00191-00057688-00058039 I thought it could be interesting to use as a backdrop for the _jJ-L6NzkAI-00192-00058079-00058338 shiny blue dress the girl was gonna be wearing. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00193-00058338-00058629 now, try to follow my line of thought. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00194-00058745-00058847 the _jJ-L6NzkAI-00195-00058847-00059047 opposite of blue _jJ-L6NzkAI-00196-00059057-00059167 or the _jJ-L6NzkAI-00197-00059167-00059476 complementary color of blue is yellow. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00198-00059476-00059592 but according to the _jJ-L6NzkAI-00199-00059651-00059791 Psychology of colors, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00200-00059791-00060081 yellow is associated with joy and happiness. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00201-00060167-00060626 And the dress was sexy. Joy and happiness doesn't really go along with _jJ-L6NzkAI-00202-00060726-00060904 sexy image, does it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00203-00060904-00061349 but in the other hand, as I said, depending how you position the backdrop, it is gonna _jJ-L6NzkAI-00204-00061349-00061450 look green. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00205-00061450-00061742 and the opposite of green is red. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00206-00061800-00062315 the color red is associated with danger, power, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00207-00062370-00062548 passion and love. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00208-00062548-00062732 so is pink! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00209-00062732-00063134 because pink is supposed to be a shade of red, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00210-00063134-00063245 and pink is a _jJ-L6NzkAI-00211-00063267-00063411 complementary color of green. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00212-00063411-00063827 our backdrop had got different shades of green. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00213-00063835-00064181 when the designer called me to take the pictures, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00214-00064181-00064643 I thought it was a good opportunity to exercise, once again, the use of complementary colors. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00215-00064648-00064824 this is what I came out with, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00216-00064824-00064892 check this out I _jJ-L6NzkAI-00217-00066444-00066596 I even told the makeup artist, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00218-00066596-00066965 to match the color of the lips with the color the bikini she was wearing. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00219-00067012-00067410 the second dress the designer asked me to take pictures of, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00220-00067410-00067652 was this pink frilled dress. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00221-00067652-00067751 once again, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00222-00067751-00067991 I saw it as an opportunity to exercise _jJ-L6NzkAI-00223-00068052-00068291 lighting, Photoshop and _jJ-L6NzkAI-00224-00068362-00068466 Complementary colors. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00225-00068466-00068882 I used the same garage shutter, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00226-00068882-00069023 I photographed the sexy girl there _jJ-L6NzkAI-00227-00069091-00069464 with the ring light, but this time I used natural light. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00228-00069505-00070193 And I want to see the difference between high contrast stuff done with ring light and high contrast stuff done _jJ-L6NzkAI-00229-00070216-00070362 with natural light . _jJ-L6NzkAI-00230-00070362-00070769 but both with the same complementary colors, green and pink. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00231-00070804-00071060 Later on, I had the opportunity to photograph a page for a magazine, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00232-00071060-00071274 and then, once again, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00233-00071274-00071452 I used pink against green, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00234-00071452-00071828 but this time the photoshop was a bit more pastel tone. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00235-00071829-00072024 Not so much contrast. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00236-00072024-00072319 complementary colors is quite interesting, isn't it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00237-00072319-00072545 next time when you go for a photoshoot, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00238-00072561-00072854 If you don't have an idea of how to create a nice story, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00239-00072904-00073466 Why don't you just go around, looking for some location, for some colorful walls. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00240-00073466-00073677 then you ask your model to bring _jJ-L6NzkAI-00241-00073705-00073982 complementary colors of the spot you have found. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00242-00074071-00074221 boom, match them both! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00243-00074221-00074570 You know, you can try flash and natural light and see what's the difference. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00244-00074570-00074774 you might come out with something _jJ-L6NzkAI-00245-00074791-00074860 Interesting. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00246-00074860-00075314 because sometimes it costs a lot of money to go and create a story and get the right props and stuff. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00247-00075334-00075850 Just play with the colors because it's cheap, and I'm sure there is a colorful wall around your place. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00248-00075850-00075931 isn't there? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00249-00075931-00075992 go around _jJ-L6NzkAI-00250-00075993-00076569 I'm sure you're gonna find something, and the girls or guys that you know might have clothes that are _jJ-L6NzkAI-00251-00076678-00076904 complementary colors of the spot you have found. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00252-00076904-00077183 if they don't have it, maybe they can borrow from somebody, okay? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00253-00077185-00077416 Why don't you try it out? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00254-00077416-00077886 try photographing with flash and natural light and see the difference, okay? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00255-00077886-00078220 now let me give you a few tips on how to direct your model, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00256-00078220-00078596 let's go back to semiotics and the psychology of colors, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00257-00078604-00078888 Let's say that your model is wearing blue, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00258-00078888-00079311 put her against a white backdrop and tell her to look _jJ-L6NzkAI-00259-00079354-00079872 confident and intelligent because blue is associated with trust. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00260-00079872-00080039 if your model is wearing yellow, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00261-00080053-00080322 Tell her to look energetic and happy, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00262-00080322-00080614 because yellow is related to joy. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00263-00080614-00080795 photograph your model wearing yellow _jJ-L6NzkAI-00264-00080821-00081384 against a black backdrop, and the her joy will call everyone's attention, okay? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00265-00081490-00081655 Just Google _jJ-L6NzkAI-00266-00081655-00081844 'psychology of color' _jJ-L6NzkAI-00267-00081844-00082013 and see which color is _jJ-L6NzkAI-00268-00082054-00082258 Associated to what kind of feeling, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00269-00082258-00082658 then direct your model to model according to that kind of feeling, okay? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00270-00082699-00083067 call a model and tell her to bring a sexy red dress. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00271-00083143-00083363 Set her against a white backdrop, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00272-00083428-00083780 tell her to strike a few hot poses, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00273-00083780-00083830 you know what I mean? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00274-00083830-00083955 and nothing can go wrong, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00275-00083955-00084005 because _jJ-L6NzkAI-00276-00084034-00084254 according to the psychology of colors, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00277-00084254-00084498 red is associated with love, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00278-00084607-00084730 passion, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00279-00084730-00084930 danger and... _jJ-L6NzkAI-00280-00088367-00088790 And red is associated with little red Corvette, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00281-00088790-00088912 Which is a Prince's song, isn't it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00282-00088967-00089332 Pink is a shade of red, isn't it? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00283-00089332-00089647 Prince has got another song called Pink Cashmere, hasn't he? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00284-00089668-00089908 Yeah, and purple is another shade of _jJ-L6NzkAI-00285-00089972-00090064 Pink, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00286-00090064-00090327 and Prince has got a song called Purple Rain, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00287-00090327-00090642 I bet he studied the color wheel before making his songs, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00288-00090642-00090747 don't you think so? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00289-00090857-00091120 Rest in peace Prince! love his music! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00290-00091140-00091552 guys, under the new rules, YouTube is not gonna promote my videos unless I have _jJ-L6NzkAI-00291-00091571-00091671 1000 subscribers, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00292-00091671-00091771 and there is only _jJ-L6NzkAI-00293-00091832-00091978 170 to go!!! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00294-00091978-00092380 Would you please click the subscription button there, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00295-00092380-00092641 drop me a comment and let me know what you think about these _jJ-L6NzkAI-00296-00092666-00092889 complementary colors ideas. _jJ-L6NzkAI-00297-00092890-00093080 Oh, you can do that too - yeah? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00298-00093080-00093322 looking forward to hear from you in the comments below, _jJ-L6NzkAI-00299-00093322-00093372 yeah! _jJ-L6NzkAI-00300-00093434-00093592 See you next week then, yeah? _jJ-L6NzkAI-00301-00093592-00093675 GoPro... _jJ-L6NzkAI-00302-00093761-00093961 switch off! Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00000-00000552-00001384 good morning uh welcome to um Hallandsåsen i'm calling or making this reading from Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00001-00001504-00002200 rural sweden in the south and um i decided to do a reading of uh Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00002-00002200-00002816 article from 1975 by paul foote which was published first in the international Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00003-00002816-00003592 socialist review and um if i may just get that up on my other screen here Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00004-00003711-00004656 um i'm playing a slideshow of a biography of percy shelley just just in the background as we go here Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00005-00005104-00006128 i just need to get the actual article up right there it is so that's on my other screen here Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00006-00006200-00006592 um so without further ado i'm just going to make this big again Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00007-00006880-00007488 and uh paul foot was a journalist there's a biography at the head of the article um Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00008-00007552-00008112 where it says pioneering executive investigative journalist captivating speaker and committed Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00009-00008112-00008624 marxist paul foot was one of the greatest popularizers of socialist ideas in britain Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00010-00008624-00009320 until his death in 2004 alternatively moving funny and eloquent foot had a Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00011-00009320-00009840 Knack for bringing historical figures and events to life i still remember his speeches Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00012-00009840-00010424 about shelley the first political meeting i ever attended and Toussaint L’Ouverture, Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00013-00010520-00011064 two of the best speeches i have ever heard to this day he was able to make the life of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00014-00011064-00011800 a romantic poet somehow make you want to go out and fight for a better world paul foot was also Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00015-00011800-00012464 author of a number of books red shelley why you should be a socialist immigration and race in Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00016-00012464-00013119 british politics and several others the article first appeared in international socialism 79 Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00017-00013119-00014032 june 1975. thanks to einde o'callaghan of the Die Roten Web site (www.marxists.de) Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00018-00014304-00015184 for the transcript of this article paul damato and so here is the article from paul foote Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00019-00015447-00016119 i have come to shelley far too late and for that i blame my accursed education Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00020-00016200-00016872 i still have the small dark blue textbook shelley by richard hughes which was forced Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00021-00016872-00017592 down my throat at school there is no suggestion in the volume that shelley had any ideas whatever Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00022-00017656-00018504 he was interested apparently in skylarks clouds west winds apollo pan and arathusa Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00023-00018624-00019056 at university college oxford on the way to the football changing rooms Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00024-00019056-00019824 i would pass each week a ridiculous monument to shelley a great dome-shaped sepulcher in which Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00025-00019824-00020648 lies a smooth-limbed angelic young man carried by sea lions his limbs are naked perfect white Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00026-00020648-00021376 his expression is heavenly and his genitals have been painted out once i think even broken off Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00027-00021376-00021952 by civilized young gentleman celebrating the rare successes of university college boat club Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00028-00022048-00022648 an embarrassed typewritten note by the monument states that shelley was a student of university Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00029-00022648-00023456 college in 1810 i recall a senior don telling me at some boring dinner shelly poor fellow Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00030-00023456-00024048 he was drowned while at college in fact he was expelled in his second term for writing Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00031-00024048-00024680 the necessity of atheism the first attack on the christian religion ever published in english Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00032-00024800-00025472 in my last year at school we were obliged to buy the new penguin edition of shelley edited Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00033-00025472-00026039 by a tory lady of letters isabelle quigley her introduction told us Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00034-00026120-00026808 there was about shelley an ability of spirit a height of purpose a kind of fine-grainedness Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00035-00026808-00027560 that is a quality of birth and cannot be grown to miss quigley detected someone of her own class Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00036-00027560-00028127 she went on he was in spirit the most essentially romantic of the poets of his age Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00037-00028127-00028824 and his faults were all faults of an over-abundant and undisciplined imagination no poet better Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00038-00028824-00029695 repays cutting no great power was ever less worth reading in his entirety miss quigley set about Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00039-00029695-00030288 cutting with a will she castrated shelley far more effectively than did the rowing overs of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00040-00030288-00030880 university college oxford every single expression of radical or revolutionary opinion is cut Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00041-00030880-00031639 out of the poems which follow poems like queen mab whose main purpose was political are cut Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00042-00031639-00032472 to a couple of lyrical stanzas this censorship has been going on for more than 130 years every school Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00043-00032472-00033264 generation is taught to read shelley as quickly suggested for his lyric poetry ever since the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00044-00033264-00034032 1840s distinguished bourgeois critics have united in declaring shelley one of the greatest english Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00045-00034032-00034664 lyric poets he could not ignore his genius so they claimed his fine-grainedness for their class Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00046-00034768-00035200 in the same breath they forgot about distorted or censored his ideas Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00047-00035376-00036000 these critics were formed not only to rewrite shelley's poetry but also to forget about what Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00048-00036000-00036560 happened to him when he was alive the endless stream of shelley biographies written from Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00049-00036560-00037168 about 1870 onwards made light of the most significant feature of the poet's short life Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00050-00037232-00037984 his persecution by the authorities political legal and literary in 1812 when still a lad of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00051-00037984-00038640 19 he was hounded out of devon by the home office for writing a seditious pamphlet about ireland Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00052-00038704-00039224 had he not left devon when he did he would almost certainly have been prosecuted Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00053-00039224-00039728 as was one man who put up shelley's posters and was sent to prison for six months Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00054-00039848-00040528 fleeing from devon he settled in wales and worked as an agent on a reservoir scheme this was a time Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00055-00040528-00041216 of growing working-class agitation especially in wales despite the combination acts of 1799 and Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00056-00041216-00041936 1800 small strikes were constantly breaking out even on the reservoir shelley became so friendly Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00057-00041936-00042488 with the workers and such an ardent advocate of their cause that the local tory landov Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00058-00042632-00043272 captain pilfer fold hired a gunman to assassinate him the gunman missed twice but shelley had to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00059-00043272-00043896 leave home again when shelley's first wife committed suicide he was refused custody of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00060-00043896-00044472 his two children by the lord chancellor eldon who felt that nice upper-class children should Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00061-00044472-00045032 not be handed over to a man of shelley's dangerous political views worst of all Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00062-00045032-00045616 however was the treatment of his writing few of the shelley worshippers of the last century Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00063-00045672-00046312 or this have bothered to explain how it was that the greatest lyric poet in english history Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00064-00046312-00046944 had the utmost difficulty in getting anything published during his lifetime prometheus unbound Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00065-00046944-00047648 sold about 20 copies the original edition of queen mab didn't sell any the string of political poems Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00066-00047648-00048176 in which shelley wrote about the massacre of trade unionists and their families at peterloo Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00067-00048176-00048976 in 1819 were not published for fear of prosecution for seditious libel during all his life this Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00068-00048976-00049704 greatest of english lyric poets made precisely 40 pounds from his writing and that from a trashy Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00069-00049704-00050448 novel he wrote when he was still at school in 1818 shelley's longest poem the revolt of islam Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00070-00050448-00051048 was reviewed in the high tory quarterly by john coleridge who had been shelley's prefect at eaton Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00071-00051144-00051664 a selection of the review gives a fair picture of what the literary establishment which later Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00072-00051664-00052384 adopted him thought of shelley at the time mr shelley would abrogate our laws he would abolish Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00073-00052384-00053008 the rights of property he would overthrow the constitution he would pull down our churches level Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00074-00053008-00053712 our establishment and burn our bibles marriage he cannot endure finally as the basis of the whole Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00075-00053712-00054352 scheme he would have us renounce our belief in religion for this coleridge hoped shelley would Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00076-00054352-00055008 sink like lead to the bottom of the ocean when shelley was drowned in the gulf of speciea three Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00077-00055008-00055576 years later the courier as respectable in its time as the daily telegraph is today trumpeted Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00078-00055632-00056296 shelley the writer of some infidel poetry has been drowned now he knows whether there is a god or no Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00079-00056376-00057120 the reviewers hated him because of his political opinions just as reviewers and english teachers Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00080-00057120-00057688 of later years came to adore him in spite of his political opinions while shelley was Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00081-00057688-00058279 alive his work was censored in total by the authorities when he was dead the censorship Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00082-00058279-00059120 persisted selectively but no less insidiously the only part of the preface to his poem helas Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00083-00059191-00059776 which details with the prospects for an english revolution was cut out in all Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00084-00059776-00060424 the editions of his poetry for 71 years the most comprehensive statement of his political position Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00085-00060424-00061144 a 100-page book entitled the philosophical view of reform was suppressed for 100 years even Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00086-00061144-00061784 when it was produced in 1920 it was circulated privately to devotees of the shelley society Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00087-00061944-00062472 now at last a glorious book has been published which tells something like the true story Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00088-00062544-00063016 shelley makes it make it makes plain was neither a fiend nor a saint Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00089-00063016-00063608 he was indeed perhaps the finest poet ever to write in english but he was also inseparably Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00090-00063608-00064272 a relentless enemy of all irresponsible authority especially the irresponsible authority Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00091-00064272-00064952 which derives from wealth and exploitation he was an atheist and a republican he sided on every Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00092-00064952-00065528 occasion with the masses when they rose against their oppressors not just when the middle classes Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00093-00065528-00066224 rose against feudal monsters in mexico greece or spain but also when workers and trade unionists Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00094-00066224-00066856 rose against what shelley called the pelting wretches of the new aristocracy the bourgeoisie Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00095-00066912-00067512 the most casual reading of shelley makes one thing plain the genius of his poetry Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00096-00067512-00068328 is inextricably entwined with his revolutionary convictions when he was 19 shelley wrote the most Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00097-00068328-00069160 overtly revolutionary of all his long poems queen mab he published 250 copies at his own expense Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00098-00069160-00069848 and circulated about 70. the investigator got hold of a copy 10 years later and described Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00099-00069848-00070640 it predictably as an excremental publication which would produce unmingled horror and disgust Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00100-00070640-00071680 among our all decent readers in 1821 shelley's last year a radical publisher called william clark Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00101-00071680-00072360 started selling pirate editions of queen mab on street bookstores clark was duly prosecuted Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00102-00072360-00072936 by the society for the prosecution of vice led by the mary white house of that time and Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00103-00072936-00073480 was forced to take the book off the stalls the courageous publisher richard carlisle Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00104-00073568-00074120 immediately published another edition and another three months after shelley's death there were four Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00105-00074120-00074816 cheap editions of queen mab circulated in the streets of london manchester and birmingham many Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00106-00074816-00075528 of them bought by small working class societies or illegal trade unions and read out loud at workers Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00107-00075528-00076184 meetings carlisle went on publishing queen mab even when he was sent to prison for sedition Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00108-00076272-00077064 richard holmes writes the number is not certain but between 1823 and 1841 it has been reckoned Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00109-00077064-00077736 14 or more separate editions were published the effect of the rising trade union movement and Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00110-00077736-00078472 especially of the chartist rebellion was electric hundreds of thousands of workers were brought to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00111-00078472-00079128 socialist and radical ideas by this extraordinary poem in an essay on shelley written in 1892 Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00112-00079184-00079928 george bernard shaw wrote sign some time ago mr h s salt in the course of a lecture on shelley Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00113-00079928-00080624 mentioned on the authority of mrs marx aveling who had it from her father karl marx that Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00114-00080624-00081296 shelley had inspired a good deal of that huge badly managed popular effort called the chartist Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00115-00081296-00081944 movement an old chartist who was present and who seemed at first much surprised by this statement Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00116-00081944-00082416 rose to confess that now he came to think of it apparently for the first time Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00117-00082416-00082888 it was through reading shelley that he got the ideas that led him to join the chartists Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00118-00082976-00083664 a little further inquiry elicited the queen mab was known as the chartist bible and mr Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00119-00083664-00084216 buxton foreman's collection of small cheap copies blackened with the finger marks of many Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00120-00084216-00084808 heavy banded trades are the proof that shelley became a power a power that is still growing Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00121-00085000-00085584 what the gentleman of letters censored was dug out and reprinted by the working class movement Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00122-00085640-00086280 read queen mab and you will see why remember that it was written in 1812 in the middle of the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00123-00086280-00086912 napoleonic wars when the whole british ruling class was terrified by the french revolution Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00124-00086912-00087520 the extent of misery in the growing british working class was indescribable in order to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00125-00087520-00088072 suppress the trade unions and to enforce the combination acts the tory government moved Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00126-00088072-00088664 troops into all of britain's industrial cities the luddites who had organised to protect their Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00127-00088664-00089296 jobs by smashing the machinery were remorselessly butchered on the scaffold production and the war Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00128-00089296-00089976 were kept going by prolonged and unremitting terror in queen mab the spirit of a young girl Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00129-00089976-00090648 is wafted into the stratosphere by a fairy queen who shows her the world distorted and corrupted by Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00130-00090648-00091416 wars and exploitation the spirit shrinks in horror at the inevitability of it all queen mab replies Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00131-00091480-00092392 i see thee shrink surpassing spirit work thou human else i see a shade of doubt and horror fleet Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00132-00092392-00093264 across thy stainless features yet fear not this is no unconnected misery nor stands uncaused and Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00133-00093264-00094280 irretrievable man's evil nature that apology which kings who rule and cowards who crouch set up Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00134-00094280-00094992 for their unnumbered crimes sheds not the blood which desolates the discord wasted land Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00135-00095048-00096088 nature no kings priests and statesmen blast the human flower the poem is about those kings priests Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00136-00096088-00097016 and statesmen here are the priests then grave and whorey headed hypocrites without a hope a Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00137-00097016-00097920 passion or a love who through a life of luxury and lies have crept by flattery to the seats of power Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00138-00097976-00098688 support the system whence their honours flow they have three words well tyrants know their use Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00139-00098768-00099464 we pay them for the loan with usury torn from a bleeding world god hell and heaven Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00140-00099536-00100240 vengeful pitiless and him almighty fiend whose mercy is a nickname for the rage Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00141-00100240-00101048 of tameless tigers hungering for blood hell a red gulf of everlasting fire where poisonous Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00142-00101048-00101896 and undying worms prolong eternal misery to those hapless slaves whose life has been a penance for Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00143-00101896-00102935 its crimes and heaven a need for those who dare belie their human nature quake believe and cringe Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00144-00102935-00103704 before the mockeries of earthly power the wealth of kings was not merely horrible in itself Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00145-00103704-00104320 it derived from the poverty of others who did the work in his notes to queen mab shelley wrote Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00146-00104416-00105200 the poor are set to labor for what not the food for which they famish not the blankets Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00147-00105200-00105824 for want of which their babes are frozen by the cold of their miserable hovels not those Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00148-00105824-00106624 comforts of civilization without which civilized man is far more miserable than the meanest savage Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00149-00106624-00107304 no for the pride of power for the miserable isolation of pride for the false pleasures Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00150-00107304-00108080 of 100th part of society employments are lucrative in inverse ratio to their usefulness Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00151-00108144-00108744 the jeweler the toy man the actor gains fame and wealth by the exercise of his useless Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00152-00108744-00109383 and ridiculous art whilst the cultivator of the earth he without whom society must cease to exist Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00153-00109456-00110264 struggles through contempt and penury and perishes by that famine which but for the his inceasing Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00154-00110264-00111240 exertions would annihilate the rest of mankind the law especially the conspiracy law upholds all this Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00155-00111240-00111816 so the law is wrong the laws which support this system are the result of a conspiracy of the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00156-00111816-00112544 few against the many who are obliged to purchase this preeminence by the loss of all real comfort Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00157-00113544-00114328 queen mab which has been scorned for 150 years is a marvelous poem for socialists it is full of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00158-00114328-00114904 hatred for exploitation and exploiters full of hope and faith in the ability of the exploited Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00159-00114904-00115648 to create a new society how did shelley born into the aristocracy and educated at an expensive prep Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00160-00115648-00116400 school at eaton and briefly at oxford come to write it partly through intellectual conversion Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00161-00116400-00116911 through reading the radical literature of the french revolutionary era shelley's favorite Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00162-00116911-00117559 author at school was the aging philosopher william godwin many of the ideas in queen man including Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00163-00117559-00118192 the idea that all wealth stems from labour are taken from godwin's book political justice Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00164-00118192-00118848 which was published in 1793 it cost three guineas asked whether the book should be prosecuted for Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00165-00118848-00119552 sedition the prime minister pitt replied no book can be seditious at three guineas many of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00166-00119552-00120176 the ideas in political justice are revolutionary for their time but godwin was always careful to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00167-00120176-00120816 insist that any change in society could only come through men and women individually believing in it Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00168-00120896-00121392 he believed in cooperative ownership in the abstract on the blackboard he was particularly Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00169-00121392-00122048 keen to discourage any association of men and women who thought as he did godwin is the idol Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00170-00122048-00122608 of latter-day liberals and anarchists who think about a new cooperative society and do nothing to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00171-00122608-00123472 propose it unlike godwin shelley involved himself in the working people around him wherever he lived Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00172-00123472-00124104 in keswick cumberland in dublin in north devon and on the reservoir in wales he moved continuously Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00173-00124104-00124616 among the working people talking to them learning from their experience and their aspirations Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00174-00124688-00125240 richard holmes tells how in wales he would walk out at night and engage in long conversations Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00175-00125240-00125840 with the reservoir workers who were forced to grow their own food by moonlight in order to stay alive Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00176-00125840-00126488 in dublin in 1812 he spent much of his time talking to the workers after a few weeks in Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00177-00126488-00127144 dublin he wrote proposals for an association in which he argued for a political party devoted to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00178-00127144-00127856 catholic emancipation when william godwin read the pamphlet he almost had a fit he wrote at once to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00179-00127856-00128400 shelley ordering him to forget these notions to beware of violence to sit back and calmly Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00180-00128400-00129128 to await the progress of truth when shelley wrote back politely refusing to wind up his association Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00181-00129128-00129768 godwin replied hysterically shelley you are preparing a scene of blood there is a passage Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00182-00129768-00130520 in queen mab which shows what shelly felt about armchair revolutionaries this is perhaps the only Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00183-00130520-00131232 passage in the poem which does not take the lead from godwin indeed it is partly a satire of godwin Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00184-00131336-00131984 the man of ease who by his warm fireside to deeds of charitable intercourse and bare Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00185-00131984-00132720 fulfillment of the common laws of death decency and prejudice confines the struggling nature of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00186-00132720-00133512 his human heart is duped by their cold sophistry he sheds a passing tear perchance upon the wreck Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00187-00133512-00134096 of earthly peace when near his dwellings door the frightful waves are driven Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00188-00134096-00134784 when his son is murdered by the tyrant of all religion drives his wife raving mad but the poor Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00189-00134784-00135672 man whose life is misery and fear and care whom the mourn awakens but to fruitless toil whoever Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00190-00135672-00136480 hears his famished offspring scream from their pale mother's uncomplaining gaze forever meets Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00191-00136480-00137272 and the proud rich man's eye flashing command and the heartbreaking scene of thousands like himself Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00192-00137336-00138032 he little heeds the rhetoric of tyranny his hate is quenchless as his wrongs Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00193-00138032-00138824 he laughs to scorn the vain and bitter mockery of words feeling the horror of the tyrant's deeds Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00194-00138824-00139424 and unrestrained but by the arm of power that knows and dreads his enmity Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00195-00139616-00140136 shelley did not get that from reading godwin or from any other books for that Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00196-00140136-00140616 matter he got it from the workers and the starving peasantry of cumberland Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00197-00140616-00141312 dublin wales and devon it is this belief in the unshakable resolve of the exploited masses Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00198-00141312-00141968 which makes shelley's political writing far more powerful than anything written by godwin yet Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00199-00141968-00142536 the argument with godwin persists at different levels through all shelley's political writing Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00200-00142536-00143056 on the one hand there is the understanding that the engine of tyranny is exploitation Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00201-00143056-00143736 on the other the fear deeply rooted in his class background that the masses in revolt would Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00202-00143736-00144384 generate violence and plunder and that therefore the best way to proceed was by gradual reform Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00203-00144592-00145192 it is idle to pretend like edward aveling and eleanor marks did in their lecture to the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00204-00145192-00145944 shelley society 1885 that shelley was the perfect scientific socialist there is a lot in shelley's Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00205-00145944-00146536 political right and not writing if taken out of context which puts him to the right of many other Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00206-00146536-00147264 radical thinkers of the time in 1817 for instance he wrote a pamphlet a proposal for putting reform Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00207-00147264-00147936 to a vote in which he argued against universal suffrage in his larger work a philosophical Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00208-00147936-00148568 view of reform he argued again against the suffrage on the grounds that it would deliver up Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00209-00148568-00149328 too much too soon a republic however just in its principle and glorious in its object would through Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00210-00149328-00149920 the violence and sudden change which must attend it incur a great risk of being as rapid in its Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00211-00149920-00150504 decline as in its growth it is better that the people should be instructed in the whole truth Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00212-00150504-00151080 that they should see the clear grounds of their rights the objects to which they ought to tend Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00213-00151080-00151672 and be impressed with the just persuasion that patience and reason and endurance are the means Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00214-00151672-00152400 of a calm yet irresistible progress this led to his advice to the masses to rely on passive Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00215-00152400-00153056 disobedience when the army attacked them and to resurrect old laws to ensure their liberties Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00216-00153152-00153896 yet often even in the same works shelley's longing for revolutionary change clashes openly with this Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00217-00153896-00154648 condescending caution again and again he calls openly for direct challenges to the law especially Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00218-00154648-00155224 to the law of criminal libel and for the oppressed to take furious vengeance on the oppressors Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00219-00155320-00156048 letter in 1812 all politics in those years were dominated by the french revolution like many other Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00220-00156048-00156680 great poets of his time wordsworth coleridge southie shelley was an enthusiastic supporter Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00221-00156680-00157328 of the revolution one by one however the others abandoned the revolution and denounced it shelley Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00222-00157328-00157992 was appalled by the napoleonic dictatorship and wrote a poem on napoleon's death that started Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00223-00157992-00158600 i hated the fallen tyrant but he never lost his enthusiasm for the ideas which had given Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00224-00158600-00159336 rise to the revolution his long poem the revolt of islam though it contains irritatingly few specific Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00225-00159336-00160120 areas about revolutionary politics is clear on one matter above or else all else that in spite of the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00226-00160120-00160752 disease the terror the dictatorship the wars the poverty and the ruin which followed the revolution Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00227-00160752-00161472 the ideas of reason and progress which inspired it will triumph once again in his preface to the poem Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00228-00161472-00162032 he poured scorn on those who gave up their belief in revolutionary ideas because the revolution Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00229-00162032-00162576 had been defeated or had not gone according to plan the passage could just as well have been Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00230-00162576-00163120 written about the generations of disillusioned communists after losing the russian revolution Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00231-00163352-00163936 on the first reverses of hope in the progress of french liberty the sanguine eagerness for good Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00232-00163936-00164640 overleaped the solution of these questions and for a time extinguished itself in the unexpectedness Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00233-00164640-00165240 of their result thus many of the most ardent and tenderhearted of the worshipers of public Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00234-00165240-00165912 good have been morally ruined by what a partial glimpse of the events they deplored appeared to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00235-00165912-00166640 show as the melancholy desolation of all their cherished hopes hence gloom and misanthropy Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00236-00166640-00167224 have become the characteristics of the age in which we live the solace of a disappointment Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00237-00167224-00167864 that unconsciously finds relief only in the willful exaggeration of its own despair Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00238-00167864-00168360 this influence has tainted the literature of the age with the hopelessness of the minds Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00239-00168360-00168968 from which it flows metaphysics and inquiries into moral and political science have become Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00240-00168968-00169712 little else than vain attempts to revive exploded superstitions or sophisms like those of mr malthus Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00241-00169712-00170448 calculated to lull the oppressors of mankind into a security of everlasting triumph our works Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00242-00170448-00171056 of fiction and poetry have been overshadowed by the same infectious gloom but mankind appears to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00243-00171056-00171608 me to be emerging from their trance in that belief i have composed the following poem Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00244-00171608-00172112 and so even after the most frightful catalogue of post-revolutionary tyranny Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00245-00172112-00172760 torture famine and disease the revolt of islam remembers the ideas which started the revolution Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00246-00172760-00173432 and slowly shall in memory ever burning fill this dark night of things with an internal mourning Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00247-00173432-00173928 alone of all the poets of his time shelley suppresses his own apprehensions about the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00248-00173928-00174552 french revolution and concentrated instead on the coming triumph of the ideas which had unleashed it Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00249-00174688-00175208 soon after the revolt of islam was published shelley left england for italy where he spent Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00250-00175208-00175728 the last four years of his life all this time he was absorbed by political developments in britain Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00251-00175784-00176480 in march 1819 he wrote his greatest poem prometheus unbound which the latter day lyricists Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00252-00176480-00177096 hail as a classical tragic drama but which is in fact a poem about the english revolution Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00253-00177184-00177728 the greek legend of prometheus was taught to us budding greek scholars as i believe it is still Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00254-00177728-00178344 taught today as a moral tale about what happens to subversives when they dare to challenge the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00255-00178344-00179008 authority of god or the headmaster or the managing director prometheus dared to steal fire from the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00256-00179008-00179544 sun and to bring the benefits of science to mankind this was intolerable to the king of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00257-00179544-00180144 the gods jupiter for whom science was something from which only he and other gods should benefit Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00258-00180248-00180808 so prometheus was chained to a rock tormented by the daily visits of a vulture who gnawed his Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00259-00180808-00181472 liver to shelly prometheus was a hero representing the potential of man in revolt against repression Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00260-00181544-00182160 his poem starts with a description of prometheus's torture against the background of darkness disease Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00261-00182160-00182976 and tyranny asia prometheus's wife determines to release him and to overthrow jupiter she knows Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00262-00182976-00183664 that there is only one power capable of doing that the power of demigorgon the people monster she and Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00263-00183664-00184360 her sister visit demi morgan in his darkened cave where she whips and lashes him with argument like Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00264-00184360-00184936 all good agitators she starts with the easy questions playing on popular superstition and Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00265-00184936-00185776 civility in order to challenge them asia who made the living world de morgan god asia who made all Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00266-00185832-00186560 that it contains thought passion reason will imagination de moore god almighty god Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00267-00186632-00187480 after a bit more of this her tone switches asia and who made terror madness crime remorse Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00268-00187480-00188032 which from the form the links of the great chain of things to every thought within the mind of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00269-00188032-00188688 man sway and drag heavily and each one rests under the load toward the pit of death abandon Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00270-00188688-00189408 hope and love that turns to hate and self-contempt bitterer to drink than blood pain whose unheeding Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00271-00189408-00190072 and familiar speech is howling and keen shrieks day after day and hell or the sharp fear of hell Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00272-00190232-00191200 demigorgon he reigns asia utter his name a world pining in pain asked but this name curses shall Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00273-00191200-00191912 drag him down at the end of a long speech and some more furious questions asia calls Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00274-00191912-00192728 on timmy gorgon to arise unshackled prometheus and overturn jupiter in a sudden climax he rises two Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00275-00192728-00193272 chariots appear from the recesses of the cave richard holmes explains what they represent Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00276-00193344-00194072 there are two chariots the one that brings demigorgon to jupiter is undoubtedly terrible Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00277-00194072-00194824 and violent jupiter authoritarian government is to be overwhelmed by massive force and the process is Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00278-00194824-00195520 to be like a volcanic eruption and an earthquake which ruined cities yet there is a second chariot Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00279-00195520-00196112 with its delicate strange tracery and its gentle charioteer with dove-like eyes of hope Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00280-00196176-00196864 this is the chariot which carries asia and panther back to prometheus and it seems to indicate that Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00281-00196864-00197592 political freedom transforms man's own nature and substitutes an ethic of love for the ideology of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00282-00197592-00198376 revenge and destruction represented by prometheus curse the end of act two leaves both these Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00283-00198376-00199136 possibilities open historically revolution will come but how will how it will come depends on man Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00284-00199136-00199824 himself there are always two chariots in either case it is inevitable and it is to be celebrated Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00285-00199992-00200512 this is the crux of shelley's revolutionary ideas for all his caution when writing about Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00286-00200512-00201144 universal suffrage or other reforms he was an instinctive revolutionary perhaps the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00287-00201144-00201816 revolution will come slowly peacefully gradually in gentleness and light or perhaps more probably Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00288-00201816-00202472 it will come with violence and civil war in either case it is to be celebrated as mary shelley put it Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00289-00202472-00202880 in an uncharacteristic flash of insight into her husband's politics Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00290-00202960-00203480 shelley loved the people and respected them as often more virtuous as always more suffering Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00291-00203480-00204056 and therefore more deserving of sympathy than the great he believed that a clash between the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00292-00204056-00204584 two classes of society was inevitable and he eagerly arranged himself on the people's side Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00293-00204712-00205344 as the news came through from england so shelley's poetry during the year of repression 1819 Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00294-00205344-00206152 became more and more openly political some poems were what he called hate songs shouts of rage Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00295-00206152-00206600 and contempt for the men who ran the english government there are the lines written during Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00296-00206600-00207288 the castle roar administration which appeals to the foreign secretary i marry thy ghastly Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00297-00207288-00208119 wife let fear and disquiet and strife spread thy couch in the chamber of life mary ruin thou tyrant Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00298-00208119-00209016 and hell be thy guide to the bed of thy bride or the similes for two political characters of 1819 Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00299-00209016-00209728 are ye two vultures sick for battle two scorpions under one wet stone two bloodless wolves whose Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00300-00209728-00210456 dry throats rattle two crows perched on the morained cattle two vipers tangled into one Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00301-00210552-00211384 the solid england in 1819 starts with the line an old man blind despised and dying king Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00302-00211384-00212008 there is even a parody of the national anthem in august came the event which was to haunt shelley Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00303-00212008-00212528 for the rest of his life more than a hundred thousand trade unionists and their families Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00304-00212528-00213056 gathered in saint peter's field near manchester for a great carnival and meeting at which the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00305-00213056-00213767 main speaker was orator hunt the reformer the meeting was banned by the manchester magistrates Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00306-00213767-00214296 on their instruction the yeomanry charged into the crowd hacking with their sabers Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00307-00214296-00214856 11 people were killed and more than 400 injured one of the dead was a small child Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00308-00214856-00215552 who was cut down from his mother's arms as soon as shelley heard the news he was living near leghorn Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00309-00215552-00216080 he shut himself up in his attic for several days and wrote the mask of anarchy rightly Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00310-00216080-00216671 described by richard holmes as the greatest poem of political protest ever written in english it Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00311-00216671-00217360 starts with a dreadful pageant in which the tory ministers castle row eldon and sidmuth dressed Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00312-00217360-00218080 respectively as murder fraud and hypocrisy ride by slaughtering the adoring multitude as they go Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00313-00218471-00219119 shelly parts company with the other poets of his age and since who have pretended to favor freedom Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00314-00219119-00219776 and other fine words as long as they remain words he gives a simple definition of freedom Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00315-00219919-00220680 what are thou freedom oh could slaves answer from their dying graves this demand Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00316-00220680-00221576 tyrants would flee like a dreams dear med tree thou art not as imposters say a shadow soon to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00317-00221576-00222519 pass away a superstition and a name echoing from the cave of fame for the labour of thou art bread Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00318-00222519-00223352 and a comely table spread from his daily labor come to a neat and happy home thou art clothes Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00319-00223352-00224256 and fire and food for the trampled multitude no in countries that are free such starvation cannot be Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00320-00224328-00225136 as in england now we see the horror of peter lou as the massacre came to be known Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00321-00225136-00225871 hangs over many of shelley's later poems in december 1819 he finished peter bell iii Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00322-00225871-00226623 a satire of wordsworth the poem shows how peter was slowly seduced from his revolutionary ideas Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00323-00226623-00227360 by the pressure of society until he was writing drivel like any old bernard levin in the times Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00324-00227592-00228264 for he now raved enormous folly of baptism sunday schools and graves would make george coleman Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00325-00228264-00229056 melancholy to have heard him like a male molly chanting those stupid staves yet the reviews which Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00326-00229056-00229823 heaped abuse on peter while he wrote for freedom as soon as in his song they spy the folly that Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00327-00229823-00230752 spells tyranny praise him for those who feed him then peter wrote odes to the devil in one of which Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00328-00230752-00231552 he meekly said may carnage and slaughter thy niece and thy daughter may rapine and famine thy gorge Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00329-00231552-00232232 ever cramming gluttony with living and dead made death and damnation and consternation flit up from Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00330-00232232-00232919 hell with pure intent slash them at manchester glasgow leeds and chester drench them all with Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00331-00232919-00233800 blood front avon to trent the same savage satire is directed against the tory government of swelfat Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00332-00233800-00234392 the tyrant a joke play in which the king and his ministers are hunted down by their pig people Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00333-00234488-00235008 shelley's senses have done their best to suppress all these poems in the standard anthologies there Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00334-00235008-00235640 is no mask of anarchy no peter bell no swell foot no men of england none of the shorter Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00335-00235640-00236344 political poems of 1819 to compensate for this awful void the biographers and shelly lovers Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00336-00236344-00236880 concocted another myth that the most powerful influence on shelley was an ethereal almost Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00337-00236880-00237552 divine quality called love extracts were hacked out of context to prove that shelley was guided by Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00338-00237552-00238184 the love that every brave victorian gentleman felt for his passive obsequious and domestic wife Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00339-00238271-00238912 but love shelley wrote in the notes to queen mab withers under constraint its very essence Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00340-00238912-00239671 is liberty it is compatible neither with obedience jealousy or fear it is their most pure perfect and Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00341-00239671-00240367 unlimited where its votaries live in confidence equality and unreserved for shelley was love Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00342-00240432-00240912 love was bound up with the battle for women's rights in which he was even more dedicated to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00343-00241000-00241688 crusader than his mother-in-law mary wilson croft in all his revolutionary poems the revolutionary Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00344-00241688-00242408 leaders are women cynthia in the revolt of islam asia and prometheus queen mab iona and swelford Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00345-00242408-00242960 all are champions not only of the common people but also of the rights of their sex Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00346-00243016-00243623 can man be free if woman be a slave chain one who lives and breathe this boundless air Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00347-00243623-00244319 to the corruption of a closed grave can they whose mates are beasts condemned to bear scorn heavier Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00348-00244319-00245008 far than toil or anguish dare to trample their oppressors in their home among their babes thou Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00349-00245008-00245760 nose of course would wear the shape of woman hoary crime would come behind and fraud Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00350-00245760-00246408 rebuild religions tottering dome it followed that chastity and marriage were a lot of nonsense Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00351-00246471-00247152 chastity is monktus is monkish an evangelical superstition a greater foe to natural temperance Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00352-00247152-00247784 even than an intellectual sensuality it strikes at the root of all domestic happiness Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00353-00247784-00248296 and consigns more than half the human race to misery a system could not well have been Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00354-00248296-00249080 devised more studiously hostile to human happiness than marriage prostitution was the illegitimate Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00355-00249080-00249816 offspring of marriage shelley was no prude there is a thumping organ in alsace in alstor Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00356-00249816-00250392 and another more prolonged deep and speechless swoon of joy in the revolt of islam to prove it Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00357-00250448-00251160 but he had nothing but contempt for unintellectual sensuality for annihilating all genuine passion Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00358-00251160-00251752 and debasing that to a selfish feeling which is excess of generosity and devotedness Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00359-00251752-00252480 he was for love sex women's liberation against chastity prostitution promiscuity needless to Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00360-00252480-00253000 say these ideas goaded shelley's christian contemporaries to paroxysms of indignation Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00361-00253064-00253656 the same ruling class pretended to deplore the morals of lord byron and his r in venice Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00362-00253656-00254312 in fact byron's orgies were the source of almost uninterrupted titillation at coming out balls they Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00363-00254312-00254960 helped to make an enormous fortune out of byron's poems high society worship marriage subsidised Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00364-00254960-00255600 prostitution and tolerated promiscuity free love of the type which shelley advocated undermined Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00365-00255600-00256152 the fabric of their national life and was on no account to be mentioned let alone published Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00366-00256296-00256808 all these ideas grew stronger and shelley as he got older steven spender in an essay that Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00367-00256808-00257552 he wrote in 1953 as he had prepared to abandon a desiccated stalinism for a respectable literary Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00368-00257552-00258216 career wrote that shelley abandoned his radical ideas shortly before his death this is nonsense Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00369-00258271-00258823 karl marx who enjoyed shelley almost as much as shakespeare understood it better he wrote Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00370-00258888-00259440 the real difference between byron and shelley is this those who understand them and loved them Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00371-00259440-00260048 rejoiced that byron died at 36 because if he had lived he would have become a reactionary bourgeois Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00372-00260104-00260623 they grieve that shelley died at 29 because he was essentially a revolutionist Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00373-00260623-00260976 and he would always have been one of the advanced guard of socialism Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00374-00261167-00261816 he was in the advanced guard of socialism for long after his death although the great agitations of Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00375-00261816-00262392 the last century through the battle to repeal the combination laws through chartism through Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00376-00262392-00262992 the earliest socialist activity of the 1880s and 1890s hundreds of thousands of workers took Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00377-00262992-00263616 courage and confidence from shelley the reason is not just because shelley was an instinctive rebel Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00378-00263616-00264144 who hated exploitation but because he combined his revolutionary ideas in poetry Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00379-00264208-00264880 what is the point of poetry is it not namby pamby stuff the play thing of middle class education Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00380-00264880-00265424 certainly our education would like to reduce poetry to dogara about trees and clouds and birds Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00381-00265528-00265960 which you have to recite in front of the teacher and then forget as soon as possible Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00382-00266048-00266504 that is one of the reasons why generation after generation of textbook editors have Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00383-00266504-00267192 limited the great poets to meaningless meandering through glades but poetry has another purpose Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00384-00267192-00267632 very dangerous to our educators as shelley wrote in his defense of poetry Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00385-00267736-00268440 the most unfailing herald companion and follower of a great people to work a beneficial change in Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00386-00268440-00269128 opinion or institution is poetry at such periods as this there is an accumulation of the Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00387-00269128-00269928 power of communicating and receiving intense and impassioned conceptions respecting man and nature Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00388-00270064-00270752 why because great poems like great songs which are only poems set to music are easily learned Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00389-00270752-00271432 and remembered the words linger in the memory over generations and in the words carry revolutionary Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00390-00271432-00272024 ideas those ideas are communicated in poems far more thoroughly than in prose Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00391-00272024-00272696 in conversation or even in slogans we socialists have great difficulty in communication Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00392-00272752-00273184 however much we know and understand the political solutions to our social problems Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00393-00273240-00273856 the knowledge and understanding is useless unless we can communicate them trade union official dumb Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00394-00273856-00274440 has constructed for itself a language of its own a constipated gobbledygook which protects Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00395-00274440-00275080 it not so much from smooth-tongued employers as from its own rank and file in the same way many Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00396-00275080-00275720 revolutionary socialists after years of propaganda in the wilderness have spun themselves a cocoon in Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00397-00275720-00276416 which they and other sectarians can snuggle safe from the of the oblivious outside world inside Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00398-00276416-00276968 the cocoon there is another language a hideous bastard language unintelligible to the masses Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00399-00277048-00277624 in the same ways the russians insulted lenin's ideas on religion by mummifying his body so Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00400-00277624-00278128 these latter-day trotskyists insult the clarity and power of trotsky's language Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00401-00278128-00278816 by mummifying out of character and out of context sectarian phraseology as a result they communicate Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00402-00278816-00279424 with nobody but themselves argue with nobody but themselves damage nobody but themselves Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00403-00279504-00280016 we can enrich our language and our abilities to communicate by reading great revolutionary poem Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00404-00280104-00280744 like that of shelley all his life shelley was persecuted by the problem of communication Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00405-00280808-00281344 he was not as his worshipers in later decades pretended a lyric poet interested Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00406-00281344-00282032 only in writing beautiful poetry he was a man with revolutionary ideas and he wanted to transmit them Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00407-00282088-00282784 his ode to the west wind was not a pian of praise to a wonder of nature but a desperate appeal Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00408-00282784-00283576 to the wind to drive my dead thoughts over the universe like withered leaves to quicken a new Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00409-00283576-00284432 birth and by the incantation of this verse scatter as far from an extinguished earth ashes and sparks Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00410-00284432-00285224 my words to all mankind be through my lips to unawakened earth the trumpet of a prophecy Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00411-00285312-00285880 shelley wanted the truth about repression and exploitation to go right ringing through each Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00412-00285880-00286440 heart and brain so that each heart and brain would unite in action to end that repression Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00413-00286440-00287176 and exploitation so particularly in his later poems he concentrated all his mastery of language Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00414-00287176-00287760 all his genius with rhyme and rhythm into translating the ideas of the revolution Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00415-00287760-00288624 to the masses after 160 years he survives for us not as a lyric poet but as one of the most Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00416-00288624-00289264 eloquent agitators of all time that is why we must read him learn him Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00417-00289336-00289920 teach him to our children he will help us to communicate our contempt for the corporate Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00418-00289920-00290584 despotism under which we live and our faith in the revolutionary potential of the multitude Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00419-00290736-00291328 and these words shall then become like oppressions thunder doom ringing through each heart and Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00420-00291328-00292304 brain heard again again again rise like lions after slumber in unvanquishable number shake Ao8IF7Hg7h8-00421-00292304-00294184 your chains to earth like do which in sleep had fallen on you ye are many they are few A2PQcbkxRII-00000-00000040-00000240 asalam alykum wr wb hello halal family A2PQcbkxRII-00001-00000240-00000552 welcome to the channel i hope you guys are having yourself a wonderful A2PQcbkxRII-00002-00000552-00001088 day in today's video we'll be reacting to mass demonstration due to the omnibus this A2PQcbkxRII-00003-00001088-00001544 video was suggested by a territorial gaming thank you very much for taking the time to A2PQcbkxRII-00004-00001544-00001920 send me your recommendation and suggestion stay tuned guys we'll be right back with the video A2PQcbkxRII-00005-00002576-00002880 welcome back guys and so we're going to get started with the video momentarily and at the A2PQcbkxRII-00006-00002880-00003192 end of the video i'll be sharing with you my observation and reaction so please make A2PQcbkxRII-00007-00003192-00004384 sure you stay until the end with that said we're going to get started with our video A2PQcbkxRII-00008-00035120-00035712 so this is in regards to the omnibus for those of you who might not uh have uh details about it A2PQcbkxRII-00009-00035712-00036232 it was basically a recent law that was passed by the indonesian government that basically limited A2PQcbkxRII-00010-00036232-00036936 the product uh protection for the environment as well as reducing the benefits for retirement A2PQcbkxRII-00011-00037032-00037560 lowering the minimum wage and opening up the country for foreign investment so the youth A2PQcbkxRII-00012-00037560-00037968 are seeing that basically this is going to impact them because they have taken a lot of protection A2PQcbkxRII-00013-00037968-00038552 away it's going to uh impact the country because outside countries or companies could A2PQcbkxRII-00014-00038552-00039200 come basically and take advantage of the country its resources as well as the environment and they A2PQcbkxRII-00015-00039200-00039792 don't have any protection for them for basically for for the work for retirement and whatnot so A2PQcbkxRII-00016-00039792-00040472 they're voicing their disapproval with the law uh and they've been protesting for a little while A2PQcbkxRII-00017-00040560-00041336 my only request again for those of you who do partake in this demonstration is to keep it A2PQcbkxRII-00018-00041336-00042032 peaceful we have to look at the example of nelson mandela as well as mahatma gandhi how they were A2PQcbkxRII-00019-00042032-00042784 able to achieve their goals by non-violent means i think similarly here for example if there are A2PQcbkxRII-00020-00042784-00043432 stores torched cars broken it's not going to impact the government but rather it's going to A2PQcbkxRII-00021-00043432-00044040 impact the local citizens and even for example if it was going to impact the government the money is A2PQcbkxRII-00022-00044040-00044520 coming from you guys right it's the taxpayers that are paying for those uh resources whether it's A2PQcbkxRII-00023-00044520-00045192 buildings streets uh stores or anything it might be so i think the best means is having a peaceful A2PQcbkxRII-00024-00045192-00045928 protest sitting in masola there's over 230 million uh population in indonesia and if just 10 A2PQcbkxRII-00025-00045928-00046600 percent of that population is the youth that are protesting that is 23 million people they don't A2PQcbkxRII-00026-00046600-00047152 have enough jails to put 23 million people and lock them up so you know over time they're going A2PQcbkxRII-00027-00047152-00047608 to have to give up but i think the main thing is to keep it peaceful so that way it doesn't impact A2PQcbkxRII-00028-00047608-00048064 the country and the reason that i say it is because i look at my country's honor that we see A2PQcbkxRII-00029-00048064-00048608 for over 50 and 60 years that we've been in warm and now they can't rebuild the country and from A2PQcbkxRII-00030-00048608-00049072 seeing that that's why i've been requesting you guys to keep it peaceful so that way you do A2PQcbkxRII-00031-00049072-00049488 achieve your goal but at the same time it doesn't impact the the country and once and A2PQcbkxRII-00032-00049488-00050144 for all all the demonstrations are over you guys can get back and and restart the economy so um A2PQcbkxRII-00033-00050144-00050560 if you guys like this video please don't forget to like comment share and subscribe if you want A2PQcbkxRII-00034-00050560-00051064 me to react to another video please put in the comment section below guys please stay safe take A2PQcbkxRII-00035-00051064-00051984 care of yourself and your family and insha'allah i'll see you guys in the next video take care and wassalam A32TIbfClzu-00000-00000000-00000500 with the YouTube APIs. 0:00:05.000,0:00:09.000 I am Jeff Fisher A4UQz0eOi2g-00000-00000700-00000890 *AN ANCIENT EVIL HAS JOINED THE JAPAN SERVER* A4UQz0eOi2g-00001-00000900-00001160 *M̶̧͕̮̼͍̙̤̤̠͓̰̪͒͆̆̆ͅO̸̙̞̥̳̟͑̊̀͋̀̀̂͊͌́̚̚͠͝͝T̵̢̖͔̋̈̓̇́̌̄̕H̵͇̒̎͝͝ ̵̖͈͓͚̫̼͉̊̒̄̇͝C̸̖̫̖̆̄́̔́͊̔͒̿̇̍̃͌͠͝Ḧ̴͙̲̪̤̫͔̜̹̺͉̤͙͎͇͚̈́͛̽̑̈́͝A̴͍̫̲̮͉̪̣̭̠̘̠͆̈́̒̏̈́̉̍̈͐͋̇̚̕͠͠Ớ̷̧̫̤͓̭͖̼̝̘̣̌̽̂̆̀͑̃̾́̀̐̂͜Ş̴̛̲̼͚̫͍͈̦͇̿̍͂͂* A4UQz0eOi2g-00002-00001350-00001450 *random ancient japanese man duckin' dies* A4UQz0eOi2g-00003-00001460-00001600 *v̸̧̨̻̬̫̜̩̖̺̳̙̱̘̻̠͊͑̿e̵̡̧̗̼̻͚̲͕̦̭͔̝͔̣̱͋͋̈́̅̂̊̈͒́͐̉̀̚n̴̨̨̼̰̱̞̥̼̯̳͉̬̳̖̍̉̄̾̔̃́̒̊̚g̸̠̱̙̐̐͒̋͝e̴̡̧̙̟̝̯͍̋͐̽́̈́̒̆̄͊̈́̕͜f̴̨̤̹̖͙̣̣̅͌͑͋̉̆̄̊́̈͂̕͝ư̷̢̢̢̗̙̜̩͙̦̳̤̪͎̤͋̀͑̈̃͗͜ļ̵̢͚̯̟̤̟̣̳̞̀̑́̒̿͑̅͋̚͝͝͝ introverted spirit had enough* A4UQz0eOi2g-00004-00001680-00001730 *hungry spirit's first breakfast in decade* A4UQz0eOi2g-00005-00001739-00002000 *the spirit is happy now ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)* A4UQz0eOi2g-00006-00002100-00002170 alright! A4UQz0eOi2g-00007-00002180-00002280 mr. spooky A4UQz0eOi2g-00008-00002290-00002360 i would like~ A4UQz0eOi2g-00009-00002370-00002500 wait! where you going? A4UQz0eOi2g-00010-00003000-00003200 ey, guess i'll wait. A4UQz0eOi2g-00011-00003600-00003820 guess i'll wait a little more! A4UQz0eOi2g-00012-00004000-00004050 NO! A4UQz0eOi2g-00013-00004060-00004260 I DON'T WANT YOUR ATTENTION! A4UQz0eOi2g-00014-00004270-00004290 oh shi~ A4UQz0eOi2g-00015-00004450-00004550 this is A4UQz0eOi2g-00016-00004560-00004650 TIME CONSUMING! A4UQz0eOi2g-00017-00004660-00004750 probably. A4UQz0eOi2g-00018-00004760-00004770 nOM A4UQz0eOi2g-00019-00004780-00004800 WHAT THE HELL???! A4UQz0eOi2g-00020-00004950-00005110 *wet jonesy has enough water in his pant* A4UQz0eOi2g-00021-00005120-00005210 that's it A4UQz0eOi2g-00022-00005220-00005400 you're going to FORTNITE NOW! A4UQz0eOi2g-00023-00005880-00006090 reality log #42 A8AiFotzx3U-00000-00000010-00000116 SPRING THAW AND THAT PEOPLE A8AiFotzx3U-00001-00000116-00000236 SHOULD BE EXTRA CAUTIOUS, A8AiFotzx3U-00002-00000236-00000413 ESPECIALLY AFTER THE RAIN. A8AiFotzx3U-00003-00000413-00000580 >>> HUBBARD COUNTY DEVELOPMENTAL A8AiFotzx3U-00004-00000580-00000650 ACHIEVEMENT CENTER GIVES AN A8AiFotzx3U-00005-00000650-00000810 OPPORTUNITY TO THOSE WHO WANT TO A8AiFotzx3U-00006-00000810-00001321 GO TO WORK EVERY DAY AND EARN A A8AiFotzx3U-00007-00001321-00001905 LIVING. A8AiFotzx3U-00008-00001905-00002088 SHE TELLS US ABOUT THE PEOPLE A8AiFotzx3U-00009-00002088-00002245 WITH DISABILITIES THAT HAVE A A8AiFotzx3U-00010-00002245-00002355 NEW LEASE ON LIFE. A8AiFotzx3U-00011-00002355-00002882 >> WHEN I STARTED HERE, I WAS AN A8AiFotzx3U-00012-00002882-00003086 ADULT BUT IN A LOT OF WAYS A8AiFotzx3U-00013-00003086-00003226 MENTALLY A LITTLE KID. A8AiFotzx3U-00014-00003226-00003326 >> IT'S TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND A8AiFotzx3U-00015-00003326-00003476 THE ROOM IS FILLED WITH WORKERS A8AiFotzx3U-00016-00003476-00003703 DOING A VARIETY OF PROJECTS AT A8AiFotzx3U-00017-00003703-00003823 THE ACHIEVEMENT CENTER. A8AiFotzx3U-00018-00003823-00004047 SOME ARE SHREDDING PAPERS, A8AiFotzx3U-00019-00004047-00004184 EXERCISING OR MAKING FIRE A8AiFotzx3U-00020-00004184-00004250 STARTERS. A8AiFotzx3U-00021-00004250-00004374 >> WE'RE ABLE TO OFFER A VARIETY A8AiFotzx3U-00022-00004374-00004487 OF DIFFERENT JOB OPPORTUNITIES A8AiFotzx3U-00023-00004487-00004774 AND TRAINING TO SET GOALS AND A8AiFotzx3U-00024-00004774-00005098 HELP PEOPLE ACHIEVE THAT GOAL IF A8AiFotzx3U-00025-00005098-00005238 IT'S PRACTICAL FOR THEM. A8AiFotzx3U-00026-00005238-00005658 BUT MANY OF OUR CLIENTS LIKE A8AiFotzx3U-00027-00005658-00005772 WORKING IN THE DAC. A8AiFotzx3U-00028-00005772-00005925 IT OFFERS THEM AN OPPORTUNITY TO A8AiFotzx3U-00029-00005925-00006099 LEARN AND GROW AND TO BE WITH A8AiFotzx3U-00030-00006099-00006262 THEIR PEERS. A8AiFotzx3U-00031-00006262-00006403 >> LINDSEY GOOCH IS A PRIME A8AiFotzx3U-00032-00006403-00006506 EXAMPLE OF THAT. A8AiFotzx3U-00033-00006506-00006683 GOOCH HAS WORKED IT'S A BARELY A8AiFotzx3U-00034-00006683-00006970 USED THRIFT STORE SINCE 2005 IN A8AiFotzx3U-00035-00006970-00007137 MANY ROLES, INCLUDING AS A A8AiFotzx3U-00036-00007137-00007207 CASHIER. A8AiFotzx3U-00037-00007207-00007354 THE PROGRAM PREPARES GOOCH TO A8AiFotzx3U-00038-00007354-00007470 TAKE THAT NEXT STEP. A8AiFotzx3U-00039-00007470-00007557 >> YOU KNOW WHAT? A8AiFotzx3U-00040-00007557-00008084 I CAN WORK A COMPETITIVE JOB AND A8AiFotzx3U-00041-00008084-00008154 BE HAPPY. A8AiFotzx3U-00042-00008154-00008485 I JUST HAVE TO FIND THE RIGHT A8AiFotzx3U-00043-00008485-00008548 FIT. A8AiFotzx3U-00044-00008548-00008648 >> MOST OF THE CLIENTS HAVE A8AiFotzx3U-00045-00008648-00008825 DEVELOPMENTAL OR PERVASIVE A8AiFotzx3U-00046-00008825-00009032 MENTAL DISABILITIES, SUCH AS A8AiFotzx3U-00047-00009032-00009089 AUTISM. A8AiFotzx3U-00048-00009089-00009185 THE PROGRAM GIVES CLIENTS THE A8AiFotzx3U-00049-00009185-00009329 SKILLS THEY NEED TO BE THE BEST A8AiFotzx3U-00050-00009329-00009499 VERSION OF THEMSELVES THROUGH A8AiFotzx3U-00051-00009499-00009569 WORK. A8AiFotzx3U-00052-00009569-00009779 >> I LOVE COMING TO WORK EVERY A8AiFotzx3U-00053-00009779-00009826 DAY. A8AiFotzx3U-00054-00009826-00009983 I'M A VERY EXPERIENCING WORKER, A8AiFotzx3U-00055-00009983-00010580 AND I LOVE MY JOB REALLY MUCH. A8AiFotzx3U-00056-00010580-00010730 >> RICHARD RAY CUTS OUT THE WOOD A8AiFotzx3U-00057-00010730-00010870 TO MAKE SANDING PROJECTS THAT IN A8AiFotzx3U-00058-00010870-00011034 TURN IS SOLD IN PARTNER STORES. A8AiFotzx3U-00059-00011034-00011207 CLIENTS DO ALL TYPES OF PROJECTS A8AiFotzx3U-00060-00011207-00011414 FROM RUGS MADE OUT OF JEANS TO A8AiFotzx3U-00061-00011414-00011761 FOOT STOOLS THAT DOUBLE AS A8AiFotzx3U-00062-00011761-00011851 PUZZLES. A8AiFotzx3U-00063-00011851-00012469 >> THEY HAVE FUN IN THEIR WORK A8AiFotzx3U-00064-00012469-00012592 SITES. A8AiFotzx3U-00065-00012592-00012672 THEY ENJOY THE VALUE OF A CHECK. A8AiFotzx3U-00066-00012672-00012799 THEY GET TO GO TO THE MOVIES. A8AiFotzx3U-00067-00012799-00012932 THEY FEEL VERY PRODUCTIVE. A8AiFotzx3U-00068-00012932-00013199 >> THE DAC CURRENTLY WORKS WITH A8AiFotzx3U-00069-00013199-00013383 100 CLIENTS AND IS PEOPLE A8AiFotzx3U-00070-00013383-00013446 CENTERED. A8AiFotzx3U-00071-00013446-00013633 THE TIME SPENT WITH THE PROGRAM A8AiFotzx3U-00072-00013633-00013697 VARIES. A8AiFotzx3U-00073-00013697-00013823 IT COULD BE A FEW MONTHS TO A8AiFotzx3U-00074-00013823-00013890 SEVERAL YEARS. A8AiFotzx3U-00075-00013890-00014084 EACH CLIENT DECIDES HOW THEY A8AiFotzx3U-00076-00014084-00014257 WANT TO SPEND THEIR DAY AND THAT A8AiFotzx3U-00077-00014257-00014357 GIVES THEM CONTROL OF THEIR A8AiFotzx3U-00078-00014357-00014391 LIFE. A8AiFotzx3U-00079-00014391-00014607 >> WEWE'VE HAD OTHER CLIENTS THT A8AiFotzx3U-00080-00014607-00014751 COME IN AND ARE ABLE TO BUILD A8AiFotzx3U-00081-00014751-00014858 THEIR SKILLS, BUILD THEIR A8AiFotzx3U-00082-00014858-00014991 CONFIDENCE, AND THEN WE CAN HELP A8AiFotzx3U-00083-00014991-00015138 THEM EITHER WORK IN A COMMUNITY A8AiFotzx3U-00084-00015138-00015492 JOB THROUGH US OR PART OF AN A8AiFotzx3U-00085-00015492-00015622 ENCLAVE, WHICH IS A GROUP OF A8AiFotzx3U-00086-00015622-00015795 PEOPLE WHO GO WORK AT A JOB, OR A8AiFotzx3U-00087-00015795-00015919 THEY CAN ACTUALLY GO OUT INTO A8AiFotzx3U-00088-00015919-00016089 THE COMMUNITY AND WORK ON THEIR A8AiFotzx3U-00089-00016089-00016152 OWN. A8AiFotzx3U-00090-00016152-00016352 MOST CLIENTS TYPICALLY WORK A A8AiFotzx3U-00091-00016352-00016446 SIX HOUR DAY. A8AiFotzx3U-00092-00016446-00016578 IN PARK RAPIDS, HAYDEE CLOTTER, A8AiFotzx3U-00093-00016578-00016660 LAKELAND NEWS. A8AiFotzx3U-00094-00016660-00016820 AS PART OF THE PROGRAM, CLIENTS A8AiFotzx3U-00095-00016820-00016890 ALSO WORK AT TIN CEILING AND A8AiFotzx3U-00096-00016890-00016970 SALVAGE DEPOT. A8QfPdFRJB8-00000-00000000-00000526 Ok, so in order to start it, I put some gas in it beforehand. A8QfPdFRJB8-00001-00000526-00001038 First, let's give the primer bulb a few pushes, A8QfPdFRJB8-00002-00001124-00001424 lift the choke, A8QfPdFRJB8-00003-00001514-00002052 we make sure that the on-off switch is on the ''ON'' position, A8QfPdFRJB8-00004-00002052-00002152 and then... A8QfPdFRJB8-00005-00002616-00003162 We leave it like this for a bit before actually using it. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00000-00000170-00000568 You've probably all heard me mention this tag anyway but without further ado... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00001-00000612-00001734 *music plays* AqtR8Vlxn-E-00002-00001776-00001832 *brush* AqtR8Vlxn-E-00003-00002098-00002192 WHAT"S UP! AqtR8Vlxn-E-00004-00002238-00002342 I don't know what I just did... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00005-00002446-00002510 First up! AqtR8Vlxn-E-00006-00002606-00002904 I just want to say thank you to all the artists that let me draw their work AqtR8Vlxn-E-00007-00002940-00003144 and let me feature it on this video. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00008-00003297-00003496 It's been a lot of fun to actually... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00009-00003540-00003774 really think about what my style actually is! AqtR8Vlxn-E-00010-00003828-00004150 I mean I guess everybody's style kind of develops as they go AqtR8Vlxn-E-00011-00004174-00004470 and the more they draw, the more it changes. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00012-00004496-00004780 Well this challenge actually reminds me a lot of AqtR8Vlxn-E-00013-00004780-00005012 one of the ones that Schoolism sets. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00014-00005076-00005366 Where you take a screen cap and you only have one hour AqtR8Vlxn-E-00015-00005366-00005800 and you need to try and see if you can represent it as much as you can AqtR8Vlxn-E-00016-00005812-00006066 or as close to the image as possible AqtR8Vlxn-E-00017-00006066-00006346 not allowing yourself to use the color picker or anything AqtR8Vlxn-E-00018-00006346-00006586 so this is the same thing that I did for this as well. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00019-00006776-00006973 My most recent one that I did was actually an animal AqtR8Vlxn-E-00020-00006973-00007378 and I feel like that's actually a lot harder to get your style to come across on. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00021-00007504-00007792 I love how different each one is and how you'd AqtR8Vlxn-E-00022-00007831-00008170 draw things that you wouldn't necessarily pick to draw yourself AqtR8Vlxn-E-00023-00008170-00008402 and I guess that that's part of the challenge itself AqtR8Vlxn-E-00024-00008440-00008592 you push yourself out of the box AqtR8Vlxn-E-00025-00008614-00008722 out of your comfort zones AqtR8Vlxn-E-00026-00008766-00009248 I think I ended up getting carried away and the more I did, the more detailed they got. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00027-00009332-00009750 You can probably see how many adaptations I had as I was doing it. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00028-00009792-00009956 You draw things, you change your mind... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00029-00009956-00010150 You draw things again, you don't like how it looks... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00030-00010150-00010260 You draw it again and then... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00031-00010260-00010396 Awwh, maybe it's better or... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00032-00010396-00010446 but... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00033-00010446-00010656 maybe it was better before etc. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00034-00010700-00011056 Leave me to it and I could probably go on that route for a very long time AqtR8Vlxn-E-00035-00011056-00011152 it's not good for me. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00036-00011250-00011634 but I guess this is why it's quite important to set yourself time limits sometimes AqtR8Vlxn-E-00037-00011634-00011836 because you have to actually follow them AqtR8Vlxn-E-00038-00011874-00012088 and then go straight away for a gut instinct AqtR8Vlxn-E-00039-00012088-00012382 rather than letting yourself doubt yourself. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00040-00012438-00012556 ...and then there's some AqtR8Vlxn-E-00041-00012564-00012614 that... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00042-00012628-00012988 you only realise that things went wrong, afterwards! AqtR8Vlxn-E-00043-00013032-00013538 I uploaded this and after seeing it uploaded, realised that I forgot to do the face (of the little person). AqtR8Vlxn-E-00044-00013546-00013834 I mean I did it on the sketch but, well I forgot to paint it AqtR8Vlxn-E-00045-00013834-00013922 Of course... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00046-00013984-00014178 Usually I forget eyebrows AqtR8Vlxn-E-00047-00014178-00014522 and sometimes I forget other things but not normally whole faces! AqtR8Vlxn-E-00048-00014546-00014934 I think this would actually be a really good exercise whenever someone has art block AqtR8Vlxn-E-00049-00014986-00015160 It's difficult to get through sometimes AqtR8Vlxn-E-00050-00015160-00015582 so it's quite good to get out and increase your productivity AqtR8Vlxn-E-00051-00015582-00015772 all while still practicing! AqtR8Vlxn-E-00052-00015797-00016090 So I made one for all you guys as well if you'd like to take part AqtR8Vlxn-E-00053-00016228-00016420 I've got the instructions over on my Instagram AqtR8Vlxn-E-00054-00016432-00016624 so I will put all the links in the description. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00055-00016664-00016912 and of course link all the artists featured here too. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00056-00016992-00017256 thank you for watching don't forget to like and subscribe AqtR8Vlxn-E-00057-00017256-00017496 and press that Bell Button if you'd like more updates. AqtR8Vlxn-E-00058-00017604-00017950 Don't forget to tag me in your pieces so I can actually see everything AqtR8Vlxn-E-00059-00017970-00018400 I'd love to future as much as I can and I'd like to put it on a little Facebook AqtR8Vlxn-E-00060-00018406-00018486 errrmmm... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00061-00018522-00019098 *struggles with words* AqtR8Vlxn-E-00062-00019160-00019394 A FACEBOOK PHOTO ALBUM AqtR8Vlxn-E-00063-00019394-00019468 There we go... AqtR8Vlxn-E-00064-00019534-00019798 I don't think I'm ever gonna get rid of the bloopers... AxIjMQiMHqY-00000-00000048-00000642 Hi, this is Chadi. Today we're gonna see techniques that were put initially in a AxIjMQiMHqY-00001-00000642-00001278 particular form, but evolved with time through competition, now that's not to say that these AxIjMQiMHqY-00002-00001278-00001818 techniques don't work anymore, it's just that there's more variations to them, but AxIjMQiMHqY-00003-00001889-00002514 what is interesting at least to me is that if you reintroduce that initial form it's AxIjMQiMHqY-00004-00002514-00002976 going to come as a surprise, because it is done in a way that's no longer practiced, AxIjMQiMHqY-00005-00002976-00003594 so it's only for example for Kata reasons, or to pass an exam but in competition form AxIjMQiMHqY-00006-00003647-00004122 nobody's doing them but they can still be very effective the first one is going to be Tomoe AxIjMQiMHqY-00007-00004122-00005130 Nage", now today it's done sleeve and lapel and the leg that catapults the Uke it's the leg on the AxIjMQiMHqY-00008-00005130-00005748 side of the sleeve, as you can see here "Joshiro Maruyama" is one of the best at this technique AxIjMQiMHqY-00009-00005748-00006654 here is another example from an "Uchi mata" feint, he again shoots from the side of the sleeve as he AxIjMQiMHqY-00010-00006654-00007218 is Left-Handed, so if you're left-handed you shoot with the right leg, however if we were to take a AxIjMQiMHqY-00011-00007218-00007859 look at the basic demonstration of the Kodokan, if you look at the leg that's catapulting, it's AxIjMQiMHqY-00012-00007859-00008454 actually on the side of the lapel so if you do that today, and you shoot for "Tomoe nage" on the AxIjMQiMHqY-00013-00008454-00009246 lapel side it's going to be a hell of a surprise for your opponent, but that's not it does not end AxIjMQiMHqY-00014-00009246-00009894 there if you look at the basic form even further I would say it's a more aggressive one it's in AxIjMQiMHqY-00015-00009894-00010500 the "Nage no kata", it's actually done with a double lapel grip. So what you do is is actually AxIjMQiMHqY-00016-00010566-00011160 get them pushing forward so they react so for example this can be from like an "O uchi" bump AxIjMQiMHqY-00017-00011160-00011922 or "Ko uchi gari" feint, and as they Retreat and then their weight goes forward that's when AxIjMQiMHqY-00018-00011922-00012414 you can actually do it so for example if you are fighting left versus right, and you cannot get AxIjMQiMHqY-00019-00012414-00013206 the sleeve you can actually grip the second lapel and then do a "O uchi gari" feint and then from AxIjMQiMHqY-00020-00013206-00013944 there you proceed to do the this form of "Tomoe nage", so you push, you go down as you can see AxIjMQiMHqY-00021-00013944-00014484 here but it's this is a false variation, let's take a look at the white one so what you do is AxIjMQiMHqY-00022-00014568-00015252 as you actually lean back but you have a firm grip on both lapels as your forearms are resting on the AxIjMQiMHqY-00023-00015252-00015924 chest it's not you squat down but you actually go down in a round circle as you lean back but AxIjMQiMHqY-00024-00015924-00016482 for you to get them to go forward you can do like an "O uchi" feint. Now the next one is AxIjMQiMHqY-00025-00016638-00017184 "Uchi mata", "uchi mata" is now being widely practiced as a hip technique, and you see here AxIjMQiMHqY-00026-00017184-00017940 Inoue do it in all sorts of form "Ken Ken" like a leg form, and also you know lifting AxIjMQiMHqY-00027-00017940-00018798 through in the Middle with his hips, and you see this many times and it's constantly debated that AxIjMQiMHqY-00028-00018798-00019506 it is "hane goshi" or whatever, but it is don't get me wrong it's Majestic to see that incredible AxIjMQiMHqY-00029-00019506-00020316 lift and not so much reaping the thigh as you see here clear lift before even the leg goes up AxIjMQiMHqY-00030-00020316-00021036 by Maruyama, and you see them practicing this form of "Uchi komi" and "Nage Komi", and people would AxIjMQiMHqY-00031-00021036-00021576 see you see them in the comments saying "this is "Hane goshi, this is not uchi mata", but to them AxIjMQiMHqY-00032-00021576-00022254 "hane goshi" is now a form of uchi mata and it's a way to practice it, a way to insert your legs and AxIjMQiMHqY-00033-00022254-00023052 hips correctly and you do the tsurite correctly and then in competition you just throw your leg AxIjMQiMHqY-00034-00023052-00023598 in the middle without even caring, but it's a way to protect your partner, training Partner's groin. AxIjMQiMHqY-00035-00023598-00024162 Now if we were to look at the basic form it's this one here in "nage no kata", you have one, AxIjMQiMHqY-00036-00024216-00025014 two and then three, as the leg is coming you reap the upper part of the thigh or the inner thigh, AxIjMQiMHqY-00037-00025014-00025698 and from there you throw them there's no loading on the hips, it's purely a leg technique, AxIjMQiMHqY-00038-00025794-00026514 today "uchi mata" as a leg technique it's only the "Ken Ken" part because and then you just hop the AxIjMQiMHqY-00039-00026514-00027186 leg, but here you see it's a big lift with the leg without using the hips, now here the Kodokan tells AxIjMQiMHqY-00040-00027186-00027695 you that do not lift with your hips, you saw the "x" is a false one, it says do not lift with your AxIjMQiMHqY-00041-00027695-00028224 hips as in "hane goshi", so anytime you lift with the hips and the leg goes through it's actually a AxIjMQiMHqY-00042-00028224-00029027 "hane goshi" to them, or at least in basic form, but today it's a variation or practice variation AxIjMQiMHqY-00043-00029027-00029550 of "uchi mata" but this is how it's actually done, now that's not to say that this part or AxIjMQiMHqY-00044-00029550-00030162 this variation the Kata variation does not work, it clearly does work, and here let's see Hirotaka AxIjMQiMHqY-00045-00030162-00031122 Okada do it in Ai Yotsu, or same stance opponent, you step out but you don't actually post your AxIjMQiMHqY-00046-00031122-00031698 foot, now here's the little trick so you bring in very similar to the Kata you bring them in AxIjMQiMHqY-00047-00031854-00032352 and that leg as it's stepping forward it's shifting your weight to the other side but AxIjMQiMHqY-00048-00032352-00032766 he does not actually post it now when it comes to kuzushi this in my opinion is the AxIjMQiMHqY-00049-00032766-00033282 best kuzushi as someone who struggles a lot with kuzushi this is the best one for me at AxIjMQiMHqY-00050-00033282-00033954 least and the basic form is the most beautiful form to me so you see you bring them around AxIjMQiMHqY-00051-00034128-00034656 and then you shoot your leg up you don't need to do one two three like in Kata, and Kata is AxIjMQiMHqY-00052-00034656-00035142 basically showing you have good form you have good kuzushi and then from there you strike it, it's AxIjMQiMHqY-00053-00035142-00035856 like all the techniques you do one step, two step, and then you shoot a kata guruma, okuri ashi etc. AxIjMQiMHqY-00054-00035922-00036546 So here you see he shifts his weight through that leg but he does not post it he actually retrieves AxIjMQiMHqY-00055-00036546-00037146 it a little bit back to position it to be a spring leg, and then as the leg of Uke is coming he rips AxIjMQiMHqY-00056-00037146-00037998 it upwards. So I've actually done this in Randori last Wednesday, and it works amazingly, now I AxIjMQiMHqY-00057-00037998-00038556 don't know if it can work 'right versus left", at least you have to be on the inside for you to get AxIjMQiMHqY-00058-00038556-00039084 that full control and that good kuzushi but I don't know. Now the final one is "Kata Guruma", AxIjMQiMHqY-00059-00039084-00039666 this one is for me it's a joke this clearly is sutemi waza, Kotokan clearly talks about it in AxIjMQiMHqY-00060-00039666-00040218 the old Productions this is either depending on the direction, it's either Yoko otoshi or AxIjMQiMHqY-00061-00040440-00041058 here you see uki waza, it's not kata guruma in the least it's not a hand technique it's AxIjMQiMHqY-00062-00041058-00041994 a sacrificing technique, and this is clearly not this monstrous Mighty technique, so as you can see AxIjMQiMHqY-00063-00041994-00042426 there's a big lift you are using mainly your hands you're not sacrificing yourself you don't have to AxIjMQiMHqY-00064-00042426-00042912 sacrifice yourself you sure you can go down to get them loaded on your to your shoulders but AxIjMQiMHqY-00065-00043092-00043560 these new techniques that we are seeing today you have to fully sacrifice yourself or otherwise AxIjMQiMHqY-00066-00043560-00044172 technique does not work in the least there are variations where you can lift without the leg AxIjMQiMHqY-00067-00044238-00044940 but it's rarely done, you see Vlad Koulikov is a big proponent of the legless kata guruma AxIjMQiMHqY-00068-00044940-00045696 because the leg is surely stronger than the arm and you can actually get caught in ashi gatame, AxIjMQiMHqY-00069-00045696-00046242 this is a very brutal submission but here you can see this Mighty technique AxIjMQiMHqY-00070-00046242-00046836 is nothing compared or today's technique is nothing compared to this Mighty technique of AxIjMQiMHqY-00071-00046836-00047310 the past. So if you have anything else to add please let me know down below, AxIjMQiMHqY-00072-00047310-00048060 and thank you always for your support. This was Chadi, and thank you for listening. AymmM4e4v5u-00000-00000000-00000111 Layers, layers, layers. AymmM4e4v5u-00001-00000111-00000382 Hi travellers, I'm Anne's daughter, Lileko. AymmM4e4v5u-00002-00000382-00000696 This is what I'm wearing to Shanghai Disneyland in the middle of winter. AymmM4e4v5u-00003-00000696-00001068 Starting off with my base layer this is my Merino singlet from Icebreaker. AymmM4e4v5u-00004-00001068-00001467 I have got a video on that it'll be linked in the description box below. AymmM4e4v5u-00005-00001467-00001818 And my Mons Royale Merino leggings. AymmM4e4v5u-00006-00001818-00002233 Can you tell them a kiwi who loves Merino wool? Yes AymmM4e4v5u-00007-00002233-00002848 I also have Macpac socks which I did buy new here and this is actually my first time wearing them. AymmM4e4v5u-00008-00002848-00003266 But they're like proper tramping socks I'm hoping my feet will stay warm the whole day. AymmM4e4v5u-00009-00003266-00003838 I did have wool inserts in my shoe that I was trying out yesterday. AymmM4e4v5u-00010-00003838-00003960 I'm just wearing sneakers. AymmM4e4v5u-00011-00003960-00004503 I think the weather today is not going to be too too bad and you can see it is sunny so it's promising. AymmM4e4v5u-00012-00004503-00004831 It says its minus three right now that's not great, AymmM4e4v5u-00013-00004831-00005029 and it feels like minus seven. AymmM4e4v5u-00014-00005029-00005361 The high is going to be five. AymmM4e4v5u-00015-00005361-00006008 I'm staying here at the Holiday Inn Express near the park because they've got a shuttle, AymmM4e4v5u-00016-00006008-00006437 free shuttle that goes and it goes in about 15 minutes. AymmM4e4v5u-00017-00006437-00006684 so let's quickly get some clothes on. AymmM4e4v5u-00018-00006684-00007008 I just went down for breakfast ,awful. AymmM4e4v5u-00019-00007212-00007428 Definitely for the local market. AymmM4e4v5u-00020-00007428-00008117 Okay so this is a macpac thermal so you don't really need to wear another Merino singlet under a thermal but I'm going to. AymmM4e4v5u-00021-00008117-00008946 This I also bought this here, it was super cheap and it's clearly like old stock but it's actually got like a really nice AymmM4e4v5u-00022-00008946-00009260 almost fleece lining inside. AymmM4e4v5u-00023-00009260-00009842 Okay so I've got leggings on which I would and do wear just as is normally. AymmM4e4v5u-00024-00009842-00010091 But today I'm going to put them under my jeans. AymmM4e4v5u-00025-00010091-00010421 Oh gosh okay maybe this wasn't a good idea. AymmM4e4v5u-00026-00010421-00011096 Because its winter fleece is a great plan for this kind of weather as well. AymmM4e4v5u-00027-00011096-00012412 I did order one on taobao, I use baopals the English version which I also have linked in the description box below and you can order to lots of countries around the world UK, North America, Europe, Australia. AymmM4e4v5u-00028-00012412-00012846 And get these quite cheap products like you could get this. AymmM4e4v5u-00029-00012846-00013212 I think it was like three maybe not even three US Dollars. AymmM4e4v5u-00030-00013212-00013845 Then I've got my cashmere turtleneck this is from Lily silk I've also done a review on this it's still going strong. AymmM4e4v5u-00031-00013845-00014041 Now I'm starting to sweat in here. AymmM4e4v5u-00032-00014041-00014257 So I won't put any more on just in the meantime. AymmM4e4v5u-00033-00014257-00015101 After this I'm going to put on my it's a long cardigan, it is 42% wool and 10% camel. AymmM4e4v5u-00034-00015101-00015490 It hangs down lower than my jacket honestly I don't care. AymmM4e4v5u-00035-00015490-00015743 Then I've got my goose down jacket from Kathmandu. AymmM4e4v5u-00036-00015743-00016169 I've worn the skiing you know when you're not moving ah can you get cold. AymmM4e4v5u-00037-00016224-00016695 And if you're not on the sun that also does help us not help as well. AymmM4e4v5u-00038-00016695-00017550 So then I've got my scarf which is just this is not a great scarf but I bought it from H and M couple of years ago AymmM4e4v5u-00039-00017550-00017802 pre-covid actually just on covid. AymmM4e4v5u-00040-00017802-00018106 And it folds out quite large. AymmM4e4v5u-00041-00018106-00018350 Like this is half the size of it. AymmM4e4v5u-00042-00018350-00019026 So I'm thinking when I get colder even though I'm going to start the day off like this. AymmM4e4v5u-00043-00019152-00019908 As, as I get colder then I'll just take my jacket off and open it up a bit more and it will go quite AymmM4e4v5u-00044-00019908-00020274 low on me and be like a blanket as it were. AymmM4e4v5u-00045-00020274-00020809 It's just another layer but this is not this is the least useful layer that I've got. AymmM4e4v5u-00046-00020809-00021648 It's more just to cover me up wind, because it's the biting cold wind here in Shanghai that I'm like oh. AymmM4e4v5u-00047-00021648-00021878 I unfortunately only have my gloves from home. AymmM4e4v5u-00048-00021878-00022275 I did order some other gloves they haven't arrived yet either. AymmM4e4v5u-00049-00022275-00022596 I've got two beanies one of them is Merino. AymmM4e4v5u-00050-00022698-00022927 Sure I've shoved my pockets full yeah. AymmM4e4v5u-00051-00022927-00023411 My Merino one and then just my regular other Icebreaker one. AymmM4e4v5u-00052-00023411-00023599 I also have in my jacket pocket for power bank, AymmM4e4v5u-00053-00023599-00024056 because you tend to use the app all payments here are on your phone. AymmM4e4v5u-00054-00024056-00024580 My phone doesn't have the greatest battery but I think even if I had a brand new one I would still bring this. AymmM4e4v5u-00055-00024580-00024901 I know you can get smaller ones this is just the one out of my Away luggage. AymmM4e4v5u-00056-00024901-00025817 I am taking my service gloves hat and then oh also I must say this hood is actually quite good in the wind. AymmM4e4v5u-00057-00025817-00026016 When I've got it on. AymmM4e4v5u-00058-00026016-00026253 If I'm not walking into the wind where it might poof off. AymmM4e4v5u-00059-00026253-00026825 In terms of my handbag I'm gonna have this um diagonally under my jacket. AymmM4e4v5u-00060-00026825-00027388 Actually not, I'm just gonna have it normally on arrival because you have to go through a security. AymmM4e4v5u-00061-00027388-00028536 Then I'm going to take my jacket off and then put it in because with the jacket I could literally have it up here and zip it closed and then it's all contained within me. AymmM4e4v5u-00062-00028536-00028866 I have my cord for my phone AymmM4e4v5u-00063-00028962-00029545 passport of course, spare battery, hair tie, lip balm. AymmM4e4v5u-00064-00029545-00029979 I'm taking my mask I think it also is a good idea against the wind. AymmM4e4v5u-00065-00029979-00030421 I am gonna take my water bottle because you can take that into the park. AymmM4e4v5u-00066-00030421-00030638 I actually don't know how I'm going to carry this right now. AymmM4e4v5u-00067-00030638-00031099 Because there are refill stations throughout the park. AymmM4e4v5u-00068-00031099-00031405 Oh I might just flag it and just buy it there. AymmM4e4v5u-00069-00031405-00031961 Whilst I wouldn't normally have that attitude with other theme parks, AymmM4e4v5u-00070-00031961-00032558 some of the prices at Disneyland in Shanghai at least aren't too terrible. AymmM4e4v5u-00071-00032558-00033345 Like yes of course they're more but they're not it's not obscenely different like at other theme parks. AymmM4e4v5u-00072-00033345-00033882 I am looking forward to going on all the rides today that is literally my plan. AymmM4e4v5u-00073-00033996-00034722 They're all things that I've bought from home, so nothing out of the ordinary in AymmM4e4v5u-00074-00034722-00035124 terms of my closet I don't really like the gray on Gray but it's going AymmM4e4v5u-00075-00035124-00035301 to be under a jacket so nobody cares. AymmM4e4v5u-00076-00035301-00035628 All right let's go we'll see you at the park! AyAH1z20Hp4-00000-00000008-00000404 Everyone can see that their favorite artists do a ton of things that keep them top of mind AyAH1z20Hp4-00001-00000404-00000909 for their fans. But when most DIY artists attempt to replicate this they make crucial AyAH1z20Hp4-00002-00000909-00001382 mistakes. Many people don’t get there’s a method and some organizational tips to keep AyAH1z20Hp4-00003-00001382-00001888 fans engaged with you so you constantly grow and continue to accelerate how fast that growth AyAH1z20Hp4-00004-00001888-00002325 happens. So in this video I am going to explain what this looks like and how it affects algorithms AyAH1z20Hp4-00005-00002325-00002521 and human attention spans. AyAH1z20Hp4-00006-00002521-00002917 Hi I'm Jesse Cannon a music marketing nerd whos teaching musicians how to grow their AyAH1z20Hp4-00007-00002917-00003329 fanbase from zero to 10,000 fans and this is Musformation. AyAH1z20Hp4-00008-00003329-00003795 So I wanted to update one of my videos that didn’t get the most views but has been consistently AyAH1z20Hp4-00009-00003795-00004204 one that people have told me is one of the most helpful that I’ve made. Its amazing AyAH1z20Hp4-00010-00004204-00004633 how many artists get intimidated about doing the work to promote their music because they AyAH1z20Hp4-00011-00004633-00005127 imagine that it is going to be so much work and they really make a mountain out of a molehill AyAH1z20Hp4-00012-00005127-00005650 and I don't want to belittle that since it‘s a good deal of work but most of the time when AyAH1z20Hp4-00013-00005650-00006093 I hear how much work its going to be it before an artist has done it -- its an exaggerated AyAH1z20Hp4-00014-00006093-00006568 hallucination of a mountain that forgets that once you are doing this work regularly it AyAH1z20Hp4-00015-00006568-00007078 gets easier and easier and once you get past the pain point (a concept I will talk about AyAH1z20Hp4-00016-00007078-00007530 in a few minutes) the rewards come in and keep you more motivated. And I know many of AyAH1z20Hp4-00017-00007530-00007994 you also get concerned since so many people are vying for your potential fans attention AyAH1z20Hp4-00018-00007994-00008438 but the good news is people have many favorite artists and what I’m going to show you is AyAH1z20Hp4-00019-00008438-00008841 the technique that artists use to capture fans attentions, keep them thinking about AyAH1z20Hp4-00020-00008841-00009281 them and make outsiders see your name and then discover your music. AyAH1z20Hp4-00021-00009281-00009654 This method has been in my book Get More Fans which is taught in a dozen universities to AyAH1z20Hp4-00022-00009654-00010149 music business majors, and I learned it from publicists for big indie and major artists AyAH1z20Hp4-00023-00010149-00010557 who have been doing it for even longer than that and once you get it you'll see it in AyAH1z20Hp4-00024-00010557-00010839 many of your favorite artists when they are in the phase where they are building their AyAH1z20Hp4-00025-00010839-00011318 following before they are cemented as a huge artist as it's been used by nearly every artist AyAH1z20Hp4-00026-00011318-00011850 in the book. While many things on this channel are my own ideas creations, this is truly AyAH1z20Hp4-00027-00011850-00012308 an idea that I feel like is gatekept in the meeting rooms of top artists that doesn’t AyAH1z20Hp4-00028-00012308-00012782 make it to the DIY musicians. Its the idea that the way you keep fans' eyes glued and AyAH1z20Hp4-00029-00012782-00013277 call attention to yourself to get new fans is to maximize the attention economy by doing AyAH1z20Hp4-00030-00013277-00013778 something small every other week and something big on the weeks that skips. Now these will AyAH1z20Hp4-00031-00013778-00014337 all be eventful things but as we know in marketing some events are bigger than others and as AyAH1z20Hp4-00032-00014337-00014772 you follow artists on social media you can easily tell things like a show or an interview AyAH1z20Hp4-00033-00014772-00015338 is not made as big a deal of as say a new song, album or tour drop. Those are the major AyAH1z20Hp4-00034-00015338-00015787 events, so I am going to show you how to use those to maximize attention but lets really AyAH1z20Hp4-00035-00015787-00016336 discuss why this all works so you can get why we're going to do all this boring work AyAH1z20Hp4-00036-00016336-00016708 and while we are on the subject of boring lets talk PLANNING! AyAH1z20Hp4-00037-00016708-00017217 So this dude Warren Buffet is the kinda guy that finance bros in khaki pants used to have AyAH1z20Hp4-00038-00017217-00017787 man-crushes on before they discovered their hair plug donning king Elon Musk once said AyAH1z20Hp4-00039-00017787-00018253 this really great quote “An idiot with a plan can beat a genius without a plan” and AyAH1z20Hp4-00040-00018253-00018736 truly I cant think of much better quote that explains the way the music business works AyAH1z20Hp4-00041-00018736-00019262 since many musicians are often truly absolute morons but that person on their team with AyAH1z20Hp4-00042-00019262-00019767 a plan helps take that raw idiot charisma that happens to have some musical prowess AyAH1z20Hp4-00043-00019767-00020209 and that plan brings us the idiots we all cant stop watching in the music world each AyAH1z20Hp4-00044-00020209-00020323 day. AyAH1z20Hp4-00045-00020323-00020618 CSP So the other thing aside from a plan is to AyAH1z20Hp4-00046-00020618-00021067 know the cheat code to music promotion today and the main cheat code for making algorithims AyAH1z20Hp4-00047-00021067-00021468 like you as well as making humans think about you all the time, so then when they’re hanging AyAH1z20Hp4-00048-00021468-00022095 with their friends they recommend you and then your fanbase continues to grow is CONSISTENT AyAH1z20Hp4-00049-00022095-00022500 SUSTAINED PROMOTION and if youve been around this channel for a while you probably are AyAH1z20Hp4-00050-00022500-00022981 thinking youve heard this one before but trust me its been 14 months since I’ve really AyAH1z20Hp4-00051-00022981-00023355 gone deep on this one and I have heard a lot of comments on it in that time so I got a AyAH1z20Hp4-00052-00023355-00023662 bunch to add to make the picture more clear. AyAH1z20Hp4-00053-00023662-00024355 So when some of you discuss CSP online grab on to one of its main features which is the AyAH1z20Hp4-00054-00024355-00024849 release plan of releasing your song along with a video of just its album cover, then AyAH1z20Hp4-00055-00024849-00025410 two weeks later releasing a lyriuc video or a visualizer and then two weeks later a music AyAH1z20Hp4-00056-00025410-00025945 video and then two weeks later and this one is optional to release an alternate version AyAH1z20Hp4-00057-00025945-00026470 and then you start again with a new song and repeat and keep growing and calling attention AyAH1z20Hp4-00058-00026470-00026924 to yourself. I don’t want to bore everyone so if this is intriguing click on the video AyAH1z20Hp4-00059-00026924-00027419 on the screen now or in the description below click on the video titled my release strategy. AyAH1z20Hp4-00060-00027419-00027855 So this is the main pillar of CSP since in this day and age you need to feed an audience AyAH1z20Hp4-00061-00027855-00028318 eventful things so they stop and pay attention to you and humans attention spans naturally AyAH1z20Hp4-00062-00028318-00028755 gravitate towards who is doing eventful things since psychologically we think we need to AyAH1z20Hp4-00063-00028755-00029322 know who is doing interesting things in order to bond with others. Trust me this is what AyAH1z20Hp4-00064-00029322-00029884 people like Kanye or Donald Trump take advantage of and why they never shut up and when you AyAH1z20Hp4-00065-00029884-00030296 see this bloated fool whop used to make good music before rotting his brain hell have his AyAH1z20Hp4-00066-00030296-00030802 new girlfriend do 10,000 interviews while he buys a house across from his ex-wife and AyAH1z20Hp4-00067-00030802-00031502 asks for her back on stage. This is the same technique but just what it looks like when AyAH1z20Hp4-00068-00031502-00031947 you're selling attention because you have so many products in the world that any attention AyAH1z20Hp4-00069-00031947-00032537 on you is monetizable. You an unknown artist don't have that so people won't care when AyAH1z20Hp4-00070-00032537-00033041 you do all this stupid garbage so you need to do what your potential fans fo care about, AyAH1z20Hp4-00071-00033041-00033924 making music they will form a lasting and meaningful relationship with. Then you two AyAH1z20Hp4-00072-00033924-00034337 can act like an obnoxious fool in public and have it generate streams and sales of your AyAH1z20Hp4-00073-00034337-00034465 stupid looking shoes. AyAH1z20Hp4-00074-00034465-00034650 Consistent But we should talk about the ingredients to AyAH1z20Hp4-00075-00034650-00035178 consistent sustained promotion and the first crucial part of this is is consistency - the AyAH1z20Hp4-00076-00035178-00035608 number one thing I hear from musicians about this is their favorite artists don't release AyAH1z20Hp4-00077-00035608-00036084 music this constantly so why do they have to???? Just like our friend we just discussed AyAH1z20Hp4-00078-00036084-00036507 Ye - Your favorite musicians already have a platform and most likely they built it when AyAH1z20Hp4-00079-00036507-00036924 the rules of the game were different have to work at making the thousands if not millions AyAH1z20Hp4-00080-00036924-00037414 of people hear about what they are doing so that takes a lot longer. You do not so you AyAH1z20Hp4-00081-00037414-00037777 have to show people you are someone to pay attention to and that person is someone who AyAH1z20Hp4-00082-00037777-00038299 is always feeding them. You know how all the advice for YouTubers or podcasters is how AyAH1z20Hp4-00083-00038299-00038858 we have to post weekly and for TikTokers its 3x a day. Well for musicians who are on the AyAH1z20Hp4-00084-00038858-00039312 rise this is what you need to do, this is the clip and that's the consistent part. And AyAH1z20Hp4-00085-00039312-00040018 of course I am asked about releasing more than that but any more than once every 4 weeks AyAH1z20Hp4-00086-00040018-00040472 I strongly feel does not have the same effect as you become an artist who cries wolf releasing AyAH1z20Hp4-00087-00040472-00040953 songs so often no one believe you when you say its great you just become someone making AyAH1z20Hp4-00088-00040953-00041489 noise not showing that you have put out something you pout extraordinary effort into since part AyAH1z20Hp4-00089-00041489-00041961 of the human attention span is today that with all the s**T throw at us we have to decipher AyAH1z20Hp4-00090-00041961-00042459 what's extraordinary and what's noise and decide what gets our time. Continually pushing AyAH1z20Hp4-00091-00042459-00042891 your song and showing you put a lot of time into it and telling stories around it gives AyAH1z20Hp4-00092-00042891-00043453 that impression. Putting out a song every week shows you are throwing S*it at the wall AyAH1z20Hp4-00093-00043453-00043827 to see what sticks. AyAH1z20Hp4-00094-00043827-00044356 But lets talk about why consistency matters so much 1. When you're doing eventful things AyAH1z20Hp4-00095-00044356-00044909 people keep seeing your fans share your name constantly, or see it posted in a discord AyAH1z20Hp4-00096-00044909-00045371 or reddit enough that it becomes familiar. When you're inconsistent they forget about AyAH1z20Hp4-00097-00045371-00045859 your name and are less likely to cross the curiosity gap and investigate further. When AyAH1z20Hp4-00098-00045859-00046288 you are consistent and keep fans addicted to you by doing music’s purpose which is AyAH1z20Hp4-00099-00046288-00046756 making a fan feel a way theyd rather be feeling they keep thinking about you and you stay AyAH1z20Hp4-00100-00046756-00047116 top of mind to tell friends about, support. When you stop feeding their addiction to you AyAH1z20Hp4-00101-00047116-00047572 on a regular basis they look for someone else to make them feel a way theyd rather feel AyAH1z20Hp4-00102-00047572-00048259 and focus on them. Consistency matters! AyAH1z20Hp4-00103-00048259-00048546 AD But lets also focus on this since its important AyAH1z20Hp4-00104-00048546-00049030 you make a good impression if you get a fan to cross that curiosity gap and learn about AyAH1z20Hp4-00105-00049030-00049477 you what most music fans do once they want to bridge the curiosity gap and learn about AyAH1z20Hp4-00106-00049477-00049950 an artist is often click on the link in their social media profile which probably means AyAH1z20Hp4-00107-00049950-00050402 its a good time to tell you about the sponsor of this video Koji who offers what I considser AyAH1z20Hp4-00108-00050402-00050800 the best experience for a fan to have when they want to learn more about you. AyAH1z20Hp4-00109-00050800-00051266 I find their link in bio to be better than most websites for clicking around and getting AyAH1z20Hp4-00110-00051266-00051680 to know what an artist has going on and this is because Koji is a link in bio app store AyAH1z20Hp4-00111-00051680-00052180 for Creators, it offers a free to use, free to customize link in bio platform and is truly AyAH1z20Hp4-00112-00052180-00052680 the best link in bio for musicians. I mean just look at these profiles they look amazing AyAH1z20Hp4-00113-00052680-00053133 and that call be done FOR FREE! But here’s the thing you have probably seen ones like AyAH1z20Hp4-00114-00053133-00053721 linktree but Koji has this app store where you can do amazing experiences for fans to AyAH1z20Hp4-00115-00053721-00054260 get to know you, interact with them, build relationships AND EVEN MAKE MONEY. And I wanna AyAH1z20Hp4-00116-00054260-00054798 say these are not IOS apps - nothing to download - these are LINK IN BIO apps that live on AyAH1z20Hp4-00117-00054798-00055379 the link in your bio on ALL your socials 24/7 So let me show you a few that I find to be AyAH1z20Hp4-00118-00055379-00055778 amazing for music marketing. The first is EMAIL COLLECTOR - which gives AyAH1z20Hp4-00119-00055778-00056333 you a way to easily collect emails and own your audience - no more sending fans 4 or AyAH1z20Hp4-00120-00056333-00056844 5 clicks deep into a website to get their email. Once they're subscribed to your newsletter AyAH1z20Hp4-00121-00056844-00057296 you'll be able to stay on their minds daily or weekly with marketing messages and other AyAH1z20Hp4-00122-00057296-00057791 content directly into their inboxes.Then There’s LINK LOCKER - which you can use to change AyAH1z20Hp4-00123-00057791-00058238 for livestreams or any other content where you will give a fan a link after they pay. AyAH1z20Hp4-00124-00058238-00058507 There’s so many cool possibilities for this one and I am really excited to use it for AyAH1z20Hp4-00125-00058507-00058741 marketing idea I have for a campaign soon As well, heres this super cool app called AyAH1z20Hp4-00126-00058741-00059423 RARES -which is your own personal (non-sexual) OnlyFans right on your link in bio. The fans AyAH1z20Hp4-00127-00059423-00059889 who pay can get access to the content you make behind the paywall so you can profit AyAH1z20Hp4-00128-00059889-00060350 off your most passionate fans who want to hear from you all the time while not over AyAH1z20Hp4-00129-00060350-00060984 posting on your socials. And lastly DARE U - run lip sync contests, cover contests, AyAH1z20Hp4-00130-00060984-00061469 dance contests etc on your link in bio as organic marketing campaigns for your single AyAH1z20Hp4-00131-00061469-00061983 or album. This is such a cool way to get your fans building relationships with your songs, AyAH1z20Hp4-00132-00061983-00062400 getting more addicted to them and encouraged to make content that spreads your music which AyAH1z20Hp4-00133-00062400-00062934 is what so much of this video has been about so you should REALLY start here so go learn AyAH1z20Hp4-00134-00062934-00063454 more and get your own free koji link in bio page for your tiktok, insta and Twitter page AyAH1z20Hp4-00135-00063454-00064212 head to the description or to withkoji.com that w i t h k o j i dot com OK back to TikTok. AyAH1z20Hp4-00136-00064212-00064491 Sustain So obviously the second ingredient is sustaining AyAH1z20Hp4-00137-00064491-00065017 this. So many of you suffer lapses in momentum and we have to remember what you're trying AyAH1z20Hp4-00138-00065017-00065420 to do here is create an impression on people who are hearing about you and whether that's AyAH1z20Hp4-00139-00065420-00065884 a potential fan who has a friend who shares your new song whenever you releases one on AyAH1z20Hp4-00140-00065884-00066361 to if some blog is covering you or a playlist that adds each new track you put out. If you AyAH1z20Hp4-00141-00066361-00066826 aren't doing this for months on end and having your potential fans hear about you on a regular AyAH1z20Hp4-00142-00066826-00067360 basis you are less likely for them to bridge the curiosity gap and find out who you are AyAH1z20Hp4-00143-00067360-00067899 or for that matter even remember you even if they liked you before as people pay attention AyAH1z20Hp4-00144-00067899-00068749 to the artists who regularly remind them about you. So how long do you need to sustain this? AyAH1z20Hp4-00145-00068749-00069067 On average 9 months is when anyone sees any real growth, it is music business common law AyAH1z20Hp4-00146-00069067-00069167 that promoting an album for 9 months is the minimum that is going to make it an eventful AyAH1z20Hp4-00147-00069167-00069267 record people hear from an artist that isn't already established. But for many new artists AyAH1z20Hp4-00148-00069267-00069367 that are using CSP it can be 18 months of CSP releasing singles before they do an album, AyAH1z20Hp4-00149-00069367-00069467 headlining tour and start to see themselves at now doing the post 10,000 fans platform AyAH1z20Hp4-00150-00069467-00069624 stage. So lets remember it only takes 6-8 songs a year to fill up that entire calendar AyAH1z20Hp4-00151-00069624-00069724 year. AyAH1z20Hp4-00152-00069724-00070312 But its important to understand that the sustaining it is important since no matter how good you AyAH1z20Hp4-00153-00070312-00071022 are it takes months and month of people seeing your name. Its so funny when someone puts AyAH1z20Hp4-00154-00071022-00071552 out one of those songs or albums that is considered classic in a genre, what we all see is it AyAH1z20Hp4-00155-00071552-00072074 takes around 9 months to a year before they really peak and have everyone aware of what AyAH1z20Hp4-00156-00072074-00072203 they are doing and you have to remember that to that sustaining this for a while is the AyAH1z20Hp4-00157-00072203-00072303 only way people keep hearing your name and finally bridge the curiosity gap to find out AyAH1z20Hp4-00158-00072303-00072403 who you are and then hopefully become addicted to your music. But truly so many of you fail AyAH1z20Hp4-00159-00072403-00072503 because you don't plan and create months of content before you start releasing music so AyAH1z20Hp4-00160-00072503-00072603 you're ahead on all of this. AyAH1z20Hp4-00161-00072603-00072703 The Pain Point But we really should discuss how often most AyAH1z20Hp4-00162-00072703-00072833 of you don’t get to ever sustaining your promotions since in the past two years boy AyAH1z20Hp4-00163-00072833-00073291 do I hear about this a lot and I think its what discourages a lot of you. I mean its AyAH1z20Hp4-00164-00073291-00073744 crazy how some of you will say “I am doing DSP and put out my single last week and it AyAH1z20Hp4-00165-00073744-00074237 isn't working, which makes me wonder did you look up the word sustain. So you know how AyAH1z20Hp4-00166-00074237-00074649 you always see this graph when people are talking about growing a fanbase. I want to AyAH1z20Hp4-00167-00074649-00075114 talk about this time period right here which I call the pain point. Your numbers aren't AyAH1z20Hp4-00168-00075114-00075528 really going up, you are just getting songs out and if you are following what I tell you AyAH1z20Hp4-00169-00075528-00075961 which is to save your best material for a few songs into your release cycle so that AyAH1z20Hp4-00170-00075961-00076661 the other songs will help build you an audience and set up your best material for success AyAH1z20Hp4-00171-00076661-00077055 and if you don't know what Im talking about and why you constantly see your favorite artist AyAH1z20Hp4-00172-00077055-00077530 put out a good but not their best song first when they launch their record, well you should AyAH1z20Hp4-00173-00077530-00078349 probably watch my video on focus tracks and building momentum with each song released. AyAH1z20Hp4-00174-00078349-00078759 Anyhow so you're at the pain point youve not yet put out your song that most people will AyAH1z20Hp4-00175-00078759-00079225 be susceptible to liking and will probably give you accelerated growth. In addition to AyAH1z20Hp4-00176-00079225-00079712 that you're not seeing huge gains in your fanbase and worst of all youre working REALLY AyAH1z20Hp4-00177-00079712-00080170 HARD you're learning all this new software that's intimidating and gives you massive AyAH1z20Hp4-00178-00080170-00080656 ego depletion and no ego depletion doesn't mean when your significant other tells you AyAH1z20Hp4-00179-00080656-00081211 your songs trash in order to keep you watching 90 Day Engagement Disaster or whatever on AyAH1z20Hp4-00180-00081211-00081694 the couch with them, ego depletion is that every unfamiliar task drains us and theres AyAH1z20Hp4-00181-00081694-00082170 only so many draining things we can do in a given day before we are drained and exhausted. AyAH1z20Hp4-00182-00082170-00082762 And this important because the pain point is filled with this, making lyric videos, AyAH1z20Hp4-00183-00082762-00083610 doing graphics having to reach out to artists who don't write you can are some of the most AyAH1z20Hp4-00184-00083610-00083852 ego depleting things I can think of. AyAH1z20Hp4-00185-00083852-00084289 But here’s the thing IT GETS BETTER after 2-3 songs those aren't draining activities AyAH1z20Hp4-00186-00084289-00084735 any longer they are tools you use to be creative and just things that are a part of your daily AyAH1z20Hp4-00187-00084735-00085211 routine IF YOU SUSTAIN AND GET PAST THE PAIN POINT. Remember when you were learning your AyAH1z20Hp4-00188-00085211-00085752 instrument or your DAW how annoying it was at first but once you got good you are a creative AyAH1z20Hp4-00189-00085752-00086195 functioning person who gets that thing to make the sounds in your head. This all gets AyAH1z20Hp4-00190-00086195-00086325 easier and easier and trust me as someone who barely ever edited a video until 2 years AyAH1z20Hp4-00191-00086325-00086425 ago when I started this channel which I now do EVERY WEEK it got better but the beginning AyAH1z20Hp4-00192-00086425-00086525 was a pain point that made me want to polish off a bottle wine and swan dive off my apartments AyAH1z20Hp4-00193-00086525-00086625 roof. But now that I am past that this is a creative place I have fun make jokes and AyAH1z20Hp4-00194-00086625-00086725 learn how to do cool and interesting things, I mean hell I wanna direct and make a documentary AyAH1z20Hp4-00195-00086725-00086825 now and this is how you will feel if you get past the pain point ESPECIALLY if you start AyAH1z20Hp4-00196-00086825-00086925 seeing those numbers going up. You feel empowered and inspired And here’s the even better AyAH1z20Hp4-00197-00086925-00087310 news dawg - While you were getting good at all this you were practicing and you're now AyAH1z20Hp4-00198-00087310-00088204 ready to release your real bangers of songs you have the hang of it all have learned some AyAH1z20Hp4-00199-00088204-00088680 lessons and can do right by your best material. LOOK AT THAT HAPPY ENDING! ITS LIKE WERE IN AyAH1z20Hp4-00200-00088680-00089035 A ROM COM and I guess that makes me the dreamy male lead. AyAH1z20Hp4-00201-00089035-00089252 Eventful So the last concept we have to discuss is AyAH1z20Hp4-00202-00089252-00089685 being eventful. Eventful moments for your music are promotions that actually make your AyAH1z20Hp4-00203-00089685-00090125 fans or potential fans stop and give you the attention you're requesting that they would AyAH1z20Hp4-00204-00090125-00090572 then tell someone else about. So when we talk about doing something eventful were literally AyAH1z20Hp4-00205-00090572-00090978 just talking about doing things people would turn to a friend and tell them about. When AyAH1z20Hp4-00206-00090978-00091476 you are designing these events for your marketing theres a simple question to ask yourself what AyAH1z20Hp4-00207-00091476-00091907 is the thing you can do that will get the most people telling their friend they have AyAH1z20Hp4-00208-00091907-00092384 to look at it so they will discover your music. The more the even comes with hearing your AyAH1z20Hp4-00209-00092384-00092785 song and hopefully turning the fan into an addict who is interested in paying attention AyAH1z20Hp4-00210-00092785-00093319 to you more the more worthwhile the event is. And truly the way I always engineer these AyAH1z20Hp4-00211-00093319-00093941 is I just ask myself what Id like to see a musician do and reverse engineer from there. AyAH1z20Hp4-00212-00093941-00094439 While a song isn't that eventful these days for your fans it is and we have to remember AyAH1z20Hp4-00213-00094439-00094812 that event when you have fans is how word spreads about you. AyAH1z20Hp4-00214-00094812-00095202 But if you're not connecting why this is important, think of it this way, when you do eventful AyAH1z20Hp4-00215-00095202-00095750 things it keeps you top of mind to your fans, it gives them a reason to reshare your content, AyAH1z20Hp4-00216-00095750-00096379 to tell friends about you and gives them conversation points to talk about you on discords and get AyAH1z20Hp4-00217-00096379-00096793 more people to know about you and the most interesting and eventful these are the more AyAH1z20Hp4-00218-00096793-00097279 people hear about you. This is why musicians spend money coming up with crazy marketing AyAH1z20Hp4-00219-00097279-00097794 ideas is it serves the purpose of starting conversations and that's how people connect AyAH1z20Hp4-00220-00097794-00098102 with one another and it becomes a tool for your fan base growth. AyAH1z20Hp4-00221-00098102-00098325 Planning Tutorial But you're probably wondering why was I going AyAH1z20Hp4-00222-00098325-00098817 on and on about planning over ten minutes ago, so lets get into that. First make a list AyAH1z20Hp4-00223-00098817-00099177 of all the songs you have and put them in the order you're going to release them. Then AyAH1z20Hp4-00224-00099177-00099605 lets make a list of smaller things you have to promote like say an alternate version like AyAH1z20Hp4-00225-00099605-00100275 a feature, a remix BTW videos or playthrough, tour videos, contests or a major interview AyAH1z20Hp4-00226-00100275-00100799 your gonna do that’s going to unveil a lot of your story. On the screen now you can see AyAH1z20Hp4-00227-00100799-00101322 one I made for Incel Hypebeast who is of course my fake persona I use for videos on this channel. AyAH1z20Hp4-00228-00101322-00101691 So once you have all these potential events you can start laying them out. AyAH1z20Hp4-00229-00101691-00102064 So I have them listed as big events and small events and that is how we will distribute AyAH1z20Hp4-00230-00102064-00102308 these every other week for a year. AyAH1z20Hp4-00231-00102308-00102779 As you can see the big events are songs and video releases. The smaller events are behind AyAH1z20Hp4-00232-00102779-00103013 the scnes video, playthroughs, perhaps doing an alternate version feature or remix which AyAH1z20Hp4-00233-00103013-00103189 really could also be a big event too, it can be the drop of an interview or a blog of a AyAH1z20Hp4-00234-00103189-00103855 collab that you did with another artist. It can be a content like incel hypbeast can have AyAH1z20Hp4-00235-00103855-00104260 a contest to stand on the supreme line with him. And let me emphasize here the key here AyAH1z20Hp4-00236-00104260-00104756 is to just make them things fans would talk about and tell other people that would get AyAH1z20Hp4-00237-00104756-00104934 them excited to hear what you did and go deeper with you. As long as that pasts the test you're AyAH1z20Hp4-00238-00104934-00105034 good to go. AyAH1z20Hp4-00239-00105034-00105171 So you go on your plan and you make each event a focus for each week of the year. And you AyAH1z20Hp4-00240-00105171-00105553 will promote this thing during that week in addition to your story telling and if you AyAH1z20Hp4-00241-00105553-00106349 don't know what I mean by that be sure to watch my video on it which is linked now or AyAH1z20Hp4-00242-00106349-00106811 in the description on all the posts you can make on social media in addition to these AyAH1z20Hp4-00243-00106811-00106911 events. AyAH1z20Hp4-00244-00106911-00107299 So now that we have all these events listed its time to put them on a calendar. But if AyAH1z20Hp4-00245-00107299-00107682 you look on the screen now you can see this on the calendar as you can see the small events AyAH1z20Hp4-00246-00107682-00108178 happen one week then the big event happens the week after abnd youll make posts about AyAH1z20Hp4-00247-00108178-00108538 each of them for the weeks after and try to make sure these events get the attention they AyAH1z20Hp4-00248-00108538-00108778 deserve and lure potential fans in. AyAH1z20Hp4-00249-00108778-00109226 I am sure some of you are exhausted and wonder how you can do all this but remember even AyAH1z20Hp4-00250-00109226-00109901 your favorite artists get ahead often by 3-6 months and have all this content done ahead AyAH1z20Hp4-00251-00109901-00110533 of time so on weeks when they say have covid or are heartbroken the content machine keeps AyAH1z20Hp4-00252-00110533-00110996 running and they keep growing. Honestly I know a few labels that won't even give a release AyAH1z20Hp4-00253-00110996-00111349 date until 6 months of this is turned in. AyAH1z20Hp4-00254-00111349-00111976 The last ingredient to this is community outreach meaning you need to know your community and AyAH1z20Hp4-00255-00111976-00112464 make them aware of what you're doing and truly THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT WORK HERE AFTER AyAH1z20Hp4-00256-00112464-00113463 MAKING GREAT SONGS AND DOING ALL THIS. If you ​​know what I mean please watch the AyAH1z20Hp4-00257-00113463-00113888 playlist on the screen now. AyAH1z20Hp4-00258-00113888-00114279 And heres a nice thing If you do this work youll know youve done everything you could AyAH1z20Hp4-00259-00114279-00114777 to promote your song. But I will also be honest with you the commitment of doing this will AyAH1z20Hp4-00260-00114777-00115174 grow your creativity like a muscle and you will be better at everything you do and know AyAH1z20Hp4-00261-00115174-00115648 you did right by your music. This is what you can do to feel empowered and in control AyAH1z20Hp4-00262-00115648-00115815 of building your fanbase. AyAH1z20Hp4-00263-00115815-00116249 OK on this channel this is the type of stuff we discuss so if you're interested in that AyAH1z20Hp4-00264-00116249-00116669 you should definitely like, subscribe and most of all get notified so you don't miss AyAH1z20Hp4-00265-00116669-00117155 crucial videos that will help you level up on building a fanbase. I answer every comment AyAH1z20Hp4-00266-00117155-00117578 below that doesn't ask____ So if you have a question hit the comments... On the screen AyAH1z20Hp4-00267-00117578-00117992 now is a video on how to grow your fanbase from zero to 10,000 fans or how to get your AyAH1z20Hp4-00268-00117992-00118447 music noticed or how to blow up on spotify in 2022. Click and keep learning thanks for AyAH1z20Hp4-00269-00118447-00118448 watching. A_xWoo96Cru-00000-00000243-00000388 frien! A_xWoo96Cru-00001-00000388-00000492 frien!d! A_xWoo96Cru-00002-00000492-00000582 friend! A_xWoo96Cru-00003-00001333-00001431 (Friend!) A_xWoo96Cru-00004-00005016-00005218 Friend? A_xWoo96Cru-00005-00005500-00005645 friend!! A_xWoo96Cru-00006-00009593-00009915 friend! AA77XhBuZh8-00000-00001730-00002377 "Well, this is my third Crash Proof Retirement program. I'm also a client and AA77XhBuZh8-00001-00002377-00002991 I found that each time that I've come, I've learned something more than the AA77XhBuZh8-00002-00002991-00003098 time before." AA77XhBuZh8-00003-00003098-00003642 "I learned at the Crash Proof educational program one of the most AA77XhBuZh8-00004-00003642-00004055 shocking things that I've see I'm seen in the news now, one is the confirmation AA77XhBuZh8-00005-00004055-00004725 at the SEC does have individuals who are leaving Wall Street going into the SEC AA77XhBuZh8-00006-00004725-00005348 for creating laws, and then going back into the mainstream of a Wall Street and AA77XhBuZh8-00007-00005348-00006014 then a circumventing the laws that they helped to create. A lot of the program AA77XhBuZh8-00008-00006014-00006959 was very educational. I enjoyed the part about the probate, $100,000 the IRAs, the AA77XhBuZh8-00009-00006959-00007259 IRS, the Wills, etc." AA77XhBuZh8-00010-00007259-00008220 "When I saw the Wharton study it gave me a sense of AA77XhBuZh8-00011-00008220-00008745 bewilderment because this study was done starting around 1995 we got the data AA77XhBuZh8-00012-00008745-00009170 from 1997 and it starts showing these vehicles I've never - I've never heard of AA77XhBuZh8-00013-00009170-00009656 these particular vehicles or, I never even heard of a Crash Proof always heard AA77XhBuZh8-00014-00009656-00010206 of maybe not that everyone is a gimmick but put it here 401, put it here AA77XhBuZh8-00015-00010206-00010605 Keogh put it here, and then the best thing I've ever heard was a Roth. But AA77XhBuZh8-00016-00010605-00010778 that's where my knowledge stopped." AA77XhBuZh8-00017-00010778-00011028 "I learned from the Crash Proof Retirement AA77XhBuZh8-00018-00011028-00011564 program today that there are other vehicles to examine. The safety of them. AA77XhBuZh8-00019-00011564-00012363 To think outside the box and in this environment you need to do your own AA77XhBuZh8-00020-00012363-00012875 research to find those things because they're not openly available." ACpg8Ok7_TE-00000-00000919-00001592 oh ACpg8Ok7_TE-00001-00002432-00002984 you got to let it go ACpg8Ok7_TE-00002-00004576-00005784 uh ACpg8Ok7_TE-00003-00005968-00007184 uh ACpg8Ok7_TE-00004-00008192-00008584 uh ACpg8Ok7_TE-00005-00010112-00011384 you got to let it go ACpg8Ok7_TE-00006-00012416-00012466 you AFmLNo940DI-00000-00000527-00001096 On your marks, get set, go! AFmLNo940DI-00001-00001096-00001463 Hello and welcome to Do Try This at Home brought to you by the Institute of AFmLNo940DI-00002-00001463-00001744 Physics. We're making these films for parents and AFmLNo940DI-00003-00001744-00002160 carers across the UK and Ireland so that you can explore science together AFmLNo940DI-00004-00002160-00002576 at home with your kids. My name is Melissa, welcome back to my AFmLNo940DI-00005-00002576-00002919 living room and today I have a gravity defying challenge for AFmLNo940DI-00006-00002919-00003384 you and your family that I call Ping Pong Pick Up. Each AFmLNo940DI-00007-00003384-00003847 competitor is going to need an empty bottle, I'm using a two litre AFmLNo940DI-00008-00003847-00004344 fizzy pop bottle, some Sellotape, a marker pen, AFmLNo940DI-00009-00004344-00004976 some ping pong balls, a pair of scissors, a bowl and something circular to draw AFmLNo940DI-00010-00004976-00005255 around that's wider than a ping pong ball but AFmLNo940DI-00011-00005255-00005648 not as wide as your bottle. To make your picker upper use your AFmLNo940DI-00012-00005648-00006232 marker to draw a line around the curved part of the bottle. AFmLNo940DI-00013-00006495-00006823 Now we're going to have to make a hole in the bottle. AFmLNo940DI-00014-00006823-00007128 I'm going to use a pair of scissors to pierce it AFmLNo940DI-00015-00007128-00007576 and adults should definitely do this part. AFmLNo940DI-00016-00007631-00008120 Then carefully cut around the bottle AFmLNo940DI-00017-00008496-00008832 and add little bits of sticky tape to cover any AFmLNo940DI-00018-00008832-00009120 jagged edges AFmLNo940DI-00019-00009304-00009736 to make it extra safe for little hands. AFmLNo940DI-00020-00009792-00010207 Take your bottle and place it over your ball AFmLNo940DI-00021-00010207-00010864 and then start to spin your bottle in fast circular motions like this AFmLNo940DI-00022-00011047-00011600 and once you've got your ball spinning lift your bottle up AFmLNo940DI-00023-00011704-00012168 and then take your bottle over to your bowl AFmLNo940DI-00024-00012168-00012800 and drop it in. My top tips are to spin the bottle quickly and lift the AFmLNo940DI-00025-00012800-00013159 bottle vertically. The challenge here is to get AFmLNo940DI-00026-00013159-00013416 the ball as quickly as possible from table AFmLNo940DI-00027-00013416-00013895 to bowl. Then challenge your friends and family to a game of Ping Pong Pick Up. AFmLNo940DI-00028-00013895-00014376 I'm going to call my friend James now. Hi James! AFmLNo940DI-00029-00014376-00015128 Ready? I was born ready! Okay... on your marks, get set, AFmLNo940DI-00030-00015484-00015784 go! AFmLNo940DI-00031-00016544-00017095 oh keep up with the practice James. So what's going on here and how can you AFmLNo940DI-00032-00017095-00017608 explain it to your family? Well the curved lip of our picker upper AFmLNo940DI-00033-00017608-00017912 is the key. You can prove it by using a container AFmLNo940DI-00034-00017912-00018264 with straight sides like this. AFmLNo940DI-00035-00018368-00018831 There's no pickup. When we spin a ball inside the container AFmLNo940DI-00036-00018831-00019376 it wants to fly out. It pushes up against the wall of the container AFmLNo940DI-00037-00019376-00020008 and the wall pushes back. It's this push that makes the ball go round in a circle. AFmLNo940DI-00038-00020008-00020520 The faster we make it go the bigger the force. AFmLNo940DI-00039-00020592-00021000 But to lift it up we need to overcome gravity AFmLNo940DI-00040-00021000-00021544 so we need an upward push. That's why our curved surface works. AFmLNo940DI-00041-00021544-00021951 It pushes in this direction along the diagonal AFmLNo940DI-00042-00021951-00022320 which is equivalent to a force this big sideways AFmLNo940DI-00043-00022320-00022848 and this big upwards and if we spin the ball quickly enough AFmLNo940DI-00044-00022848-00023495 the upward part becomes big enough to balance gravity AFmLNo940DI-00045-00023551-00023976 and that works with any round object inside the container AFmLNo940DI-00046-00023976-00024431 that has a mouth narrower than its body. AFmLNo940DI-00047-00024631-00025040 Don't worry if you're not totally sure about the science. As always AFmLNo940DI-00048-00025040-00025431 have fun challenging your friends and family and then head over to our website AFmLNo940DI-00049-00025431-00025751 for more information. Well that's it for this time so it's AFmLNo940DI-00050-00025751-00027177 goodbye from me and it's goodbye from James AFLF4QSKEbI-00000-00000091-00000191 57. AFLF4QSKEbI-00001-00000191-00000291 How to Learn a Language. AFLF4QSKEbI-00002-00000291-00000633 Set Clear Goals To succeed in most activities you need to AFLF4QSKEbI-00003-00000633-00000846 set goals. AFLF4QSKEbI-00004-00000846-00001262 How much time are you willing to commit each day, and for how long? AFLF4QSKEbI-00005-00001262-00001546 What skill level do you want to achieve? AFLF4QSKEbI-00006-00001546-00001979 How many words do you know and how many do you want to know? AFLF4QSKEbI-00007-00001979-00002256 How fluent do you want to be? AFLF4QSKEbI-00008-00002256-00002650 Do you need to participate in business meetings in the new language? AFLF4QSKEbI-00009-00002650-00002999 Do you need to follow university lectures? AFLF4QSKEbI-00010-00002999-00003507 How close to native level do you want your pronunciation to be? AFLF4QSKEbI-00011-00003507-00004071 Do you need to write business reports or school reports in the new language? AFLF4QSKEbI-00012-00004071-00004594 You may decide that you can commit to two hours per day for a period of six months or AFLF4QSKEbI-00013-00004594-00004856 one hour a day for twelve months. AFLF4QSKEbI-00014-00004856-00005345 This degree of commitment would mean a total of more than three hundred fifty hours and AFLF4QSKEbI-00015-00005345-00005896 should produce a language breakthrough if the study methods are effective. AFLF4QSKEbI-00016-00005896-00006426 During this period of concentration, you will have to sacrifice familiar activities in order AFLF4QSKEbI-00017-00006426-00006639 to fulfill your commitment. AFLF4QSKEbI-00018-00006639-00007239 If you develop the habit of listening at various times during the day, doing some casual reading, AFLF4QSKEbI-00019-00007239-00007850 watching television, spending time in more dedicated study and having regular conversation AFLF4QSKEbI-00020-00007850-00008477 sessions on subjects of interest, you can achieve the required level of intensity. AFLF4QSKEbI-00021-00008477-00008890 The Linguist will help you diagnose your needs and set your goals. AFLF4QSKEbI-00022-00008890-00009257 We will also measure your progress towards your goals. AFLF4QSKEbI-00023-00009257-00009704 But in the end you will be the one to know when you have reached your target. AFLF4QSKEbI-00024-00009704-00010135 You will know how good your pronunciation is, or how comfortable you are in reading AFLF4QSKEbI-00025-00010135-00010321 or expressing yourself. AFLF4QSKEbI-00026-00010321-00010527 You will know when you are a linguist. AFLF4QSKEbI-00027-00010527-00010943 You will then realize that you are never really satisfied with your level. AFLF4QSKEbI-00028-00010943-00011467 You will continue to want to improve, but by pursuing your own interest in the language, AFLF4QSKEbI-00029-00011467-00011802 the learning process will always be enjoyable and satisfying. AGhH1kfw2B4-00000-00000152-00000352 my first mezzonic protolock AGhH1kfw2B4-00001-00000632-00001408 the object is to turn off all the tiles so all these coloured ones if you click on one AGhH1kfw2B4-00002-00001408-00002112 it will turn off the adjacent one so all the sides touching the one that you're pressing AGhH1kfw2B4-00003-00002192-00003272 so for example if i were to press this one you can see which ones it actually turned off and on AGhH1kfw2B4-00004-00003456-00004424 that actually wasn't a bad one to do because now i can click this one it will turn all those off AGhH1kfw2B4-00005-00004424-00005784 and then let's see AGhH1kfw2B4-00006-00006928-00007184 well that wasn't too bad AGhH1kfw2B4-00007-00007848-00008584 once you've completed the tutorials you can come over here to the console AGhH1kfw2B4-00008-00008800-00009496 and select this second talent which will allow you to interact with the puzzles out in the AGhH1kfw2B4-00009-00009496-00010264 zone which is very similar to the ones that we had in bfa for nazjatar where you would have AGhH1kfw2B4-00010-00010264-00010936 the bejeweled type puzzle or the tortollan type puzzle where you would have to untangle the lines AGhH1kfw2B4-00011-00011016-00011696 all the three that you just completed the tutorials for so when you first summon the pet AGhH1kfw2B4-00012-00012048-00012784 you can select this option for him to look out for noteworthy objects AGhH1kfw2B4-00013-00014208-00014680 there we go okay so as you can see while you're out and about AGhH1kfw2B4-00014-00014872-00015584 if your little pet does find something of value normally one of these caches AGhH1kfw2B4-00015-00015791-00016408 which will give you a whole heap of cyphers of the first ones when you complete it AGhH1kfw2B4-00016-00016864-00016984 okay AGhH1kfw2B4-00017-00020000-00020248 so 13 from that one not too bad ALAD8D74Hwc-00000-00000000-00000980 CODE NAME: ████ ███ - The Truth ALAD8D74Hwc-00001-00001126-00001449 What is the easiest way to hide the identity of SCP-001? ALAD8D74Hwc-00002-00001449-00001957 This would have been a perplexing question for the Administrator who had conceived General ALAD8D74Hwc-00003-00001957-00002195 Notice 001-Alpha. ALAD8D74Hwc-00004-00002195-00002652 How do you hide the most important anomaly the Foundation ever has, and ever will, come ALAD8D74Hwc-00005-00002652-00002779 across? ALAD8D74Hwc-00006-00002779-00003150 How do you hide the creator of the two thousand anomalies to follow? ALAD8D74Hwc-00007-00003150-00003376 How do you hide the ultimate weapon? ALAD8D74Hwc-00008-00003376-00003619 How do you hide the universe itself? ALAD8D74Hwc-00009-00003619-00003865 How do you hide something worse? ALAD8D74Hwc-00010-00003865-00004257 Like the identity of the Administrator, the circumstances surrounding how they came to ALAD8D74Hwc-00011-00004257-00004759 their final decision is shrouded in mystery and known by a select few. ALAD8D74Hwc-00012-00004759-00005215 Regardless of whether the process was arduous or came in an epiphany, the outcome is evident ALAD8D74Hwc-00013-00005215-00005578 for all to see and functioned precisely as planned. ALAD8D74Hwc-00014-00005578-00005984 Several completely different files are present in the entry, precluded by a foreword stating ALAD8D74Hwc-00015-00005984-00006490 that none, one, several or all of these files were the true SCP-001. ALAD8D74Hwc-00016-00006490-00006958 The tactic worked as intended, with a myriad of conflicting explanations erupting and battling ALAD8D74Hwc-00017-00006958-00007437 to prove that they were correct, but never having enough evidence to disprove the others. ALAD8D74Hwc-00018-00007437-00008014 The simplest conclusions were the most common; that there was no true 001, that it was simply ALAD8D74Hwc-00019-00008014-00008647 a ploy utilised by the O5 Council to instil a sense of purpose into the staff of the Foundation, ALAD8D74Hwc-00020-00008647-00009116 hiding the truth that these anomalies had no source or explanation; or, that all the ALAD8D74Hwc-00021-00009116-00009758 files were the true 001, that by some twist of fate they had devised a method of co-existing ALAD8D74Hwc-00022-00009758-00009909 somehow. ALAD8D74Hwc-00023-00009909-00010342 Through all of this, a reoccurring theme emerged – very, very few thought outside of the ALAD8D74Hwc-00024-00010342-00010470 box. ALAD8D74Hwc-00025-00010470-00010732 Very few were able to realise the truth. ALAD8D74Hwc-00026-00010732-00011001 Transcript of audio logs recovered from [DATA EXPUNGED] ALAD8D74Hwc-00027-00011001-00011101 <Begin Log, ██:██, ██/██/████> ALAD8D74Hwc-00028-00011101-00011436 Frank ██████: Alright this is Frank ██████ aboard the… uhh… ALAD8D74Hwc-00029-00011436-00011542 what’re we calling this thing David? ALAD8D74Hwc-00030-00011542-00011826 David ██████ (Distant): S-C-P-S [DATA EXPUNGED]. ALAD8D74Hwc-00031-00011826-00012065 Frank ██████: SCPS [DATA EXPUNGED]? ALAD8D74Hwc-00032-00012065-00012165 Alright. ALAD8D74Hwc-00033-00012165-00012278 This is… wait, really? ALAD8D74Hwc-00034-00012278-00012577 They named it [DATA EXPUNGED] and we’re going to… ALAD8D74Hwc-00035-00012577-00012707 Ah whatever. ALAD8D74Hwc-00036-00012707-00013288 This is Frank ██████ aboard the SCPS [DATA EXPUNGED], current time is [DATA ALAD8D74Hwc-00037-00013288-00013598 REDACTED] and we’re about an hour from launch. ALAD8D74Hwc-00038-00013598-00013954 The Overseers have been getting these ships made for quite a while now, and it seems they’ve ALAD8D74Hwc-00039-00013954-00014294 decided to send us out to take a looksee at those bits of the universe we can’t see ALAD8D74Hwc-00040-00014294-00014394 yet. ALAD8D74Hwc-00041-00014394-00014859 I’m uhh, just a record keeper for this trip so I figured it’d be handy to start my keeping ALAD8D74Hwc-00042-00014859-00014959 prior to departure. ALAD8D74Hwc-00043-00014959-00015159 Y’know, in case something happens. ALAD8D74Hwc-00044-00015159-00015466 Anyway, might as well start with system reports. ALAD8D74Hwc-00045-00015466-00015824 Reactor is fully functioning, weapons look good… ALAD8D74Hwc-00046-00015824-00016066 <Begin Log, ██:██, ██/██/████> ALAD8D74Hwc-00047-00016066-00016244 Frank ██████: Frank again. ALAD8D74Hwc-00048-00016244-00016710 We’re about to launch, and seeing as nobody’s ever done this before I figured some like, ALAD8D74Hwc-00049-00016710-00016889 uhh fitting words would be a good idea. ALAD8D74Hwc-00050-00016889-00017093 <Frank pauses for three seconds.> ALAD8D74Hwc-00051-00017093-00017193 I got nothing. ALAD8D74Hwc-00052-00017193-00017340 Ah shoot, I should’ve thought of this before… ALAD8D74Hwc-00053-00017340-00017587 <Frank pauses for seven seconds.> ALAD8D74Hwc-00054-00017587-00017687 Oh! ALAD8D74Hwc-00055-00017687-00017845 ‘Now we travel t-’ ALAD8D74Hwc-00056-00017845-00018378 <A loud whining sound is heard, promptly followed by several objects colliding about the room. ALAD8D74Hwc-00057-00018378-00018740 Frank produces heavily distorted vocalisations until the whining noise subsides.> ALAD8D74Hwc-00058-00018740-00019117 Frank ██████, (Muffled): Fucking asshats could’ve given us a warning before ALAD8D74Hwc-00059-00019117-00019287 we left at least. ALAD8D74Hwc-00060-00019287-00019446 Fucking ruined my speech. ALAD8D74Hwc-00061-00019446-00019632 Fucking fuck… ALAD8D74Hwc-00062-00019632-00019818 <End Log, ██:██> ALAD8D74Hwc-00063-00019818-00020190 <Begin Log, 04:18, 18/00/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00064-00020190-00020559 Frank ██████: First and foremost: Since we don’t really know what the actual ALAD8D74Hwc-00065-00020559-00020959 date is on Earth, we’ve adjusted all the clocks and dates and such so that we’re ALAD8D74Hwc-00066-00020959-00021129 counting up from when we launched. ALAD8D74Hwc-00067-00021129-00021634 It’s currently been… eighteen days, four hours aaaand… nineteen minutes, since we ALAD8D74Hwc-00068-00021634-00021734 launched. ALAD8D74Hwc-00069-00021734-00022040 We’re still traveling at max throttle so there’s not much to see outside other than ALAD8D74Hwc-00070-00022040-00022361 darkness, since we’re going faster than the speed of light. ALAD8D74Hwc-00071-00022361-00022495 Much faster. ALAD8D74Hwc-00072-00022495-00022615 But erm, yeah. ALAD8D74Hwc-00073-00022615-00022729 We recently passed… ALAD8D74Hwc-00074-00022729-00023045 Hey David, whats the name of that place we just went past? ALAD8D74Hwc-00075-00023045-00023145 Messy-something? ALAD8D74Hwc-00076-00023145-00023416 Yeah but like, the closest one. ALAD8D74Hwc-00077-00023416-00023516 Pardon? ALAD8D74Hwc-00078-00023516-00023682 David ██████ (Distant): Messier Eighty-three! ALAD8D74Hwc-00079-00023682-00023848 Frank ██████: Oh, right! ALAD8D74Hwc-00080-00023848-00024299 We’ve just gone past Messier Eighty-Three, which is about fifteen million light-years ALAD8D74Hwc-00081-00024299-00024399 from Earth. ALAD8D74Hwc-00082-00024399-00024674 Talk about being far from home, heh heh. ALAD8D74Hwc-00083-00024674-00024959 David ██████ (Distant): You know the oh-fives probably won’t appreciate your ALAD8D74Hwc-00084-00024959-00025065 stupid jokes! ALAD8D74Hwc-00085-00025065-00025437 Frank ██████: This is just notekeeping, not the finished logs! ALAD8D74Hwc-00086-00025437-00025725 Sheesh, David can be a real hard-ass sometimes. ALAD8D74Hwc-00087-00025725-00026098 Though considering he spends most of his time fixing machines, it’s kind of understandable. ALAD8D74Hwc-00088-00026098-00026505 I’ll make another log once something more significant happens. ALAD8D74Hwc-00089-00026505-00026719 <End Log, ██:██> ALAD8D74Hwc-00090-00026719-00027149 <Begin Log, 23:18, 24/02/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00091-00027149-00027316 Frank ██████: Frank here. ALAD8D74Hwc-00092-00027316-00027569 It’s been something like two months. ALAD8D74Hwc-00093-00027569-00028081 Not much has happened, other than that we’ve now passed GN-Z11 so we’re officially beyond ALAD8D74Hwc-00094-00028081-00028225 the view of Earth's telescopes. ALAD8D74Hwc-00095-00028225-00028608 Oh, and of course we’ve been taking photos as we went past. ALAD8D74Hwc-00096-00028608-00029135 There’s not much out here, but we can see a few small galaxies spread out here and there. ALAD8D74Hwc-00097-00029135-00029595 The higher-up researchers keep using the word ‘gigaparsec’ so that should give a fair ALAD8D74Hwc-00098-00029595-00029889 idea of the distance between these things. ALAD8D74Hwc-00099-00029889-00030276 They’ve also been mumbling about something seeming off about them, but other than that ALAD8D74Hwc-00100-00030276-00030435 I can’t find out much. ALAD8D74Hwc-00101-00030435-00030870 There’s been quite a few cases of homesickness from the crew on board, but nothing that won't ALAD8D74Hwc-00102-00030870-00031019 subside over time. ALAD8D74Hwc-00103-00031019-00031507 Any whom, everything’s holding together quite nicely, excluding the automatic cafeteria. ALAD8D74Hwc-00104-00031507-00031739 Oy David, you’re gonna fix the cafeteria, right? ALAD8D74Hwc-00105-00031739-00031975 David ██████ (Distant): No, because there’s nothing wrong with it! ALAD8D74Hwc-00106-00031975-00032155 Frank ██████: But the paste tastes like shit! ALAD8D74Hwc-00107-00032155-00032447 David ██████ (Distant): It’s fucking nutrient paste, IT'S SUPPOSED TO TASTE ALAD8D74Hwc-00108-00032447-00032547 LIKE SHIT! ALAD8D74Hwc-00109-00032547-00032876 <Begin Log, 14:37, 20/03/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00110-00032876-00033400 Frank ██████: Well, we’ve erm… we’ve found out what the researchers were ALAD8D74Hwc-00111-00033400-00033500 uneased about. ALAD8D74Hwc-00112-00033500-00033892 We’re close enough to get a proper look at the nearest galaxy and, uhh… ALAD8D74Hwc-00113-00033892-00034138 Well, it’s a copy of the Milky Way. ALAD8D74Hwc-00114-00034138-00034577 Not a perfect copy mind you, there’s a few stars absent but the major identifying bodies ALAD8D74Hwc-00115-00034577-00034677 are there. ALAD8D74Hwc-00116-00034677-00035238 We’re uh, planning on taking a look to see if Earth is there, and if it is, look for ALAD8D74Hwc-00117-00035238-00035338 inhabitants. ALAD8D74Hwc-00118-00035338-00035807 Ample to say though, this might end up getting classified as an anomaly – maybe not as ALAD8D74Hwc-00119-00035807-00036135 a full-on SCP, but at least as an E-dash. ALAD8D74Hwc-00120-00036135-00036599 The chances of a replica galaxy forming are… well, slim to say the least. ALAD8D74Hwc-00121-00036599-00036783 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00122-00036783-00037152 <Begin Log, 06:48, 02/04/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00123-00037152-00037540 Frank ██████: This place is definitely an anomaly. ALAD8D74Hwc-00124-00037540-00038036 First it was suspicion because of how similar it was to our home, but like… far out, this ALAD8D74Hwc-00125-00038036-00038268 is a whole new level of unnatural. ALAD8D74Hwc-00126-00038268-00038703 On our way to the analogue of Earth we passed by a few of the “missing” stars and found ALAD8D74Hwc-00127-00038703-00039069 out they were actually there, just messed up beyond belief. ALAD8D74Hwc-00128-00039069-00039190 How messed up? ALAD8D74Hwc-00129-00039190-00039412 Try Epsilon Boötis… prime? ALAD8D74Hwc-00130-00039412-00039512 Alpha? ALAD8D74Hwc-00131-00039512-00039639 Whatever, the big one? ALAD8D74Hwc-00132-00039639-00039833 It’s made of ice cream. ALAD8D74Hwc-00133-00039833-00040275 We took a sample – tastes like avocados and cigarette smoke, apparently. ALAD8D74Hwc-00134-00040275-00040838 The smaller one is a ball of liquid chlorophyll, somehow managing to keep itself together. ALAD8D74Hwc-00135-00040838-00041061 Antares is just solid iodine. ALAD8D74Hwc-00136-00041061-00041264 No fire, no iron, nothing. ALAD8D74Hwc-00137-00041264-00041619 Just a colossal, cold ball of iodine. ALAD8D74Hwc-00138-00041619-00041868 Proxima Centauri is made of charcoal too. ALAD8D74Hwc-00139-00041868-00042399 Then of course, we actually got to ‘Earth’ – Most of us have taken to calling it ‘Sub-Prime’. ALAD8D74Hwc-00140-00042399-00042702 It’s just a giant ball of fuck-ups and errors. ALAD8D74Hwc-00141-00042702-00043067 You can see it’s Earth, all the continents are there and shaped right, but they’re ALAD8D74Hwc-00142-00043067-00043184 made of the wrong stuff. ALAD8D74Hwc-00143-00043184-00043717 Australia’s a solid block of gold, the oceans glow blue, the whole American continent is ALAD8D74Hwc-00144-00043717-00043825 made of maple syrup… ALAD8D74Hwc-00145-00043825-00044287 We’re collecting as much information as we can, then we’re shoving off to the next ALAD8D74Hwc-00146-00044287-00044387 galaxy. ALAD8D74Hwc-00147-00044387-00044487 This is just… too freaky. ALAD8D74Hwc-00148-00044487-00044937 In other news, it’s come to light that Marie ████ is pregnant. ALAD8D74Hwc-00149-00044937-00045378 Nobody’s asking many questions about it, especially ‘coz we aren’t entirely sure ALAD8D74Hwc-00150-00045378-00045667 it’s her husband’s child. ALAD8D74Hwc-00151-00045667-00045811 Sooo… yeah. ALAD8D74Hwc-00152-00045811-00045955 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00153-00045955-00046243 <Begin Log, 07:48, 02/05/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00154-00046243-00046447 Frank ██████: What the actual, flying, fuck. ALAD8D74Hwc-00155-00046447-00046864 We’ve arrived at the next closest galaxy, and it’s the same thing. ALAD8D74Hwc-00156-00046864-00047102 Another screwed-up copy of the Milky Way. ALAD8D74Hwc-00157-00047102-00047527 Screwed up in different ways, mind you, but still basically the same thing as before. ALAD8D74Hwc-00158-00047527-00047938 Mercury is made of ice, Jupiter is made of edible jelly. ALAD8D74Hwc-00159-00047938-00048312 Earth looks like a Sarkic utopia – all of it’s flesh, bone and blood. ALAD8D74Hwc-00160-00048312-00048762 We’ve decided it’s probably not best to approach, in case it doesn’t like machinery. ALAD8D74Hwc-00161-00048762-00048862 But nonetheless… ALAD8D74Hwc-00162-00048862-00049205 We’re hoping it’s just these two, but we’re doubtful. ALAD8D74Hwc-00163-00049205-00049372 What the hell is happening out here? ALAD8D74Hwc-00164-00049372-00049484 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00165-00049484-00049707 <Begin Log, 12:01, 17/05/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00166-00049707-00050174 Frank ██████: Note to self. ALAD8D74Hwc-00167-00050174-00050362 Bring more puzzles and toys on next trip. ALAD8D74Hwc-00168-00050362-00050462 I’ve run out. ALAD8D74Hwc-00169-00050462-00050595 <Frank pauses for four seconds.> ALAD8D74Hwc-00170-00050595-00050962 Bagh, I’d better put something worthwhile here. ALAD8D74Hwc-00171-00050962-00051062 Ahh… ALAD8D74Hwc-00172-00051062-00051162 Crew are ok. ALAD8D74Hwc-00173-00051162-00051507 We’re coming to terms with the fact the third galaxy we’re going to arrive at looks ALAD8D74Hwc-00174-00051507-00051704 like a repeat of the first two. ALAD8D74Hwc-00175-00051704-00052128 There’s nothing major about it, it’s just freaky to think this same anomaly repeats ALAD8D74Hwc-00176-00052128-00052291 itself as far as we can see. ALAD8D74Hwc-00177-00052291-00052572 Oh, there was an incident last week. ALAD8D74Hwc-00178-00052572-00053015 Johnathan was fixing some strange mechanical fault lower down when somethin’ came loose ALAD8D74Hwc-00179-00053015-00053127 and broke his arm. ALAD8D74Hwc-00180-00053127-00053570 It’s been fixed now though, and the doctors said he’d be fine in a few weeks. ALAD8D74Hwc-00181-00053570-00053952 He swears it shouldn’t have happened, so there’s some investigations happening. ALAD8D74Hwc-00182-00053952-00054129 Nothing further I can think of. ALAD8D74Hwc-00183-00054129-00054307 You remember anything I ‘aint? ALAD8D74Hwc-00184-00054307-00054846 <It is assumed that Frank ██████ was speaking to David ██████, whom ALAD8D74Hwc-00185-00054846-00055144 responded with an inaudible or nonverbal respose.> ALAD8D74Hwc-00186-00055144-00055244 Alright. ALAD8D74Hwc-00187-00055244-00055402 Ending log. ALAD8D74Hwc-00188-00055402-00055574 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00189-00055574-00055917 <Begin Log, 01:59, 07/06/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00190-00055917-00056170 Frank ██████: Another copy of the Milky Way. ALAD8D74Hwc-00191-00056170-00056270 Not big surprise. ALAD8D74Hwc-00192-00056270-00056605 Is this all that there is out here? ALAD8D74Hwc-00193-00056605-00056913 Just endless copies of home, each more messed up than the previous? ALAD8D74Hwc-00194-00056913-00057133 <Frank pauses for three seconds.> ALAD8D74Hwc-00195-00057133-00057359 Earth was made of some sort of glass this time. ALAD8D74Hwc-00196-00057359-00057517 Mars was made of dry ice. ALAD8D74Hwc-00197-00057517-00057948 Uranus was horrifically magnetic – we almost got severely screwed over. ALAD8D74Hwc-00198-00057948-00058148 Nothing to do but keep going. ALAD8D74Hwc-00199-00058148-00058299 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00200-00058299-00058600 <Begin Log, 00:00, 30/08/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00201-00058600-00058826 Frank ██████: Two more. ALAD8D74Hwc-00202-00058826-00059257 There’s no way these places aren’t part of the same anomaly somehow. ALAD8D74Hwc-00203-00059257-00059497 Speaking of anomalies, there’s shittons of them out here. ALAD8D74Hwc-00204-00059497-00059920 There’s a whole galaxy we can’t approach, always seeming distant, another that the computers ALAD8D74Hwc-00205-00059920-00060190 won’t pick up at all but we can rather clearly see. ALAD8D74Hwc-00206-00060190-00060551 There’s even been a few times when space itself has been talking to us. ALAD8D74Hwc-00207-00060551-00060966 I’m not insane, we picked it up and narrowed it to certain pockets of space. ALAD8D74Hwc-00208-00060966-00061382 There’s other times when we suddenly don’t have enough power an we’ll drift for quite ALAD8D74Hwc-00209-00061382-00061742 a distance before everything kicks back up again like nothing happened. ALAD8D74Hwc-00210-00061742-00061895 Is the universe flat? ALAD8D74Hwc-00211-00061895-00062075 Are we falling off the edge or something? ALAD8D74Hwc-00212-00062075-00062295 <Frank pauses for four seconds.> ALAD8D74Hwc-00213-00062295-00062588 Before I forget, Marie’s been quarantined for some reason. ALAD8D74Hwc-00214-00062588-00062952 We aren’t able to get much from security, but it seems she’s accidentally smuggled ALAD8D74Hwc-00215-00062952-00063147 some disease onto the ship. ALAD8D74Hwc-00216-00063147-00063316 Hope the baby is alright. ALAD8D74Hwc-00217-00063316-00063502 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00218-00063502-00063875 <Begin Log, 05:14, 10/10/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00219-00063875-00064129 Frank ██████: The most recent Earth, err… ALAD8D74Hwc-00220-00064129-00064451 Sub-Prime-Ten I think, it’s got signs of human civilization. ALAD8D74Hwc-00221-00064451-00064585 Specifically, ours. ALAD8D74Hwc-00222-00064585-00064717 There’s like… ALAD8D74Hwc-00223-00064717-00065136 Las Vegas is there, made entirely of stacked poker chips and playing cards. ALAD8D74Hwc-00224-00065136-00065550 New York is this one, huge piece of obsidian that looks like it’s rather conveniently ALAD8D74Hwc-00225-00065550-00065836 eroded to be identical to the New York back home. ALAD8D74Hwc-00226-00065836-00066027 There’s no humans, mind you. ALAD8D74Hwc-00227-00066027-00066510 No signs of life at all, and considering the oceans are pure hydrogen cyanide it’s probably ALAD8D74Hwc-00228-00066510-00066715 best that nothing evolved to survive that. ALAD8D74Hwc-00229-00066715-00067036 Why aren’t we being copied if our homes are too? ALAD8D74Hwc-00230-00067036-00067180 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00231-00067180-00067468 <Begin Log, 16:05, 18/11/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00232-00067468-00068014 Frank ██████: Tokyo is made of seaweed and is located at the north pole. ALAD8D74Hwc-00233-00068014-00068530 America is made of a solid block of gunpowder, with Chicago being made of a giant, carved ALAD8D74Hwc-00234-00068530-00068673 mango. ALAD8D74Hwc-00235-00068673-00069114 The sun is encompassed in a shell of chitin, and is colonised by vast hordes of stone that ALAD8D74Hwc-00236-00069114-00069425 shift and move whenever we stop looking at them. ALAD8D74Hwc-00237-00069425-00069872 Mars is made of camel leather and a single raging immortal walks its surface. ALAD8D74Hwc-00238-00069872-00070269 Uranus is nothing but a silent lattice of turning gears. ALAD8D74Hwc-00239-00070269-00070498 There is nothing out here but chaos and anarchy. ALAD8D74Hwc-00240-00070498-00070814 We’re doing a loop to head back home. ALAD8D74Hwc-00241-00070814-00071008 Security around Marie has been beefed up. ALAD8D74Hwc-00242-00071008-00071346 Twenty guards all armed to the teeth with assault rifles and grenades? ALAD8D74Hwc-00243-00071346-00071651 What sort of disease has she contracted? ALAD8D74Hwc-00244-00071651-00071808 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00245-00071808-00072121 <Begin Log, 23:17, 23/12/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00246-00072121-00072491 David ██████: -ck fuck fuck fuck fuck… ALAD8D74Hwc-00247-00072491-00072607 This is David. ALAD8D74Hwc-00248-00072607-00072827 Frank is dead, along with most of the crew. ALAD8D74Hwc-00249-00072827-00073181 Marie gave birth to some fucked-up eldritch horror that’s been running around and killing ALAD8D74Hwc-00250-00073181-00073303 everyone it can. ALAD8D74Hwc-00251-00073303-00073649 I…fuck, I don’t think security can handle it. ALAD8D74Hwc-00252-00073649-00073990 Of all the fucking times for something like this… fuck! ALAD8D74Hwc-00253-00073990-00074146 Whatever this place is, keep away. ALAD8D74Hwc-00254-00074146-00074575 It’s a cesspool of anomalies, there’s nothing out here but shit replicas of our ALAD8D74Hwc-00255-00074575-00074917 galaxy, and it just keeps going and going and going. ALAD8D74Hwc-00256-00074917-00075194 Whatever this place is made of, it sure as hell isn’t reality. ALAD8D74Hwc-00257-00075194-00075480 It just keeps expanding, growing more and more fl- ALAD8D74Hwc-00258-00075480-00075683 <David pauses for two seconds.> ALAD8D74Hwc-00259-00075683-00075783 Of course. ALAD8D74Hwc-00260-00075783-00076088 Why wouldn’t it with [DATA EXPUNGED] outside. ALAD8D74Hwc-00261-00076088-00076330 Did the Overseers already know what we would find? ALAD8D74Hwc-00262-00076330-00076508 Or did they just want it confirmed? ALAD8D74Hwc-00263-00076508-00076691 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00264-00076691-00077058 <Begin Log, 02:02, 14/03/01> ALAD8D74Hwc-00265-00077058-00077352 David ██████: Cafeteria is busted, only spits out rat poison. ALAD8D74Hwc-00266-00077352-00077582 We’re not going to make it, but the ship will. ALAD8D74Hwc-00267-00077582-00078009 I don’t think we went far enough for the ship to get warped too badly. ALAD8D74Hwc-00268-00078009-00078410 We haven’t seen any other anomalies on board, other than the cafeteria fault. ALAD8D74Hwc-00269-00078410-00078583 < David pauses for four seconds. ALAD8D74Hwc-00270-00078583-00078683 > ALAD8D74Hwc-00271-00078683-00078848 At least tell my family I loved them. ALAD8D74Hwc-00272-00078848-00079066 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00273-00079066-00079503 <Begin Log, 00:00, 00/00/00> ALAD8D74Hwc-00274-00079503-00079948 < The audio in the log is assumed to be automated as it is entirely comprised of fragments of ALAD8D74Hwc-00275-00079948-00080133 audio used in previous logs. ALAD8D74Hwc-00276-00080133-00080425 Changes in audio are denoted by line breaks. ALAD8D74Hwc-00277-00080425-00080525 > ALAD8D74Hwc-00278-00080525-00080913 Frank ██████: This is Frank ██████ aboard the SCPS [DATA EXPUNGED], ALAD8D74Hwc-00279-00080913-00081267 we’ve adjusted all the clocks and dates and such so that we’re counting up from ALAD8D74Hwc-00280-00081267-00081518 now, Since we don’t really know what the actual ALAD8D74Hwc-00281-00081518-00081714 date is on Earth, ALAD8D74Hwc-00282-00081714-00081999 First and foremost: the crew on board is fully functioning, ALAD8D74Hwc-00283-00081999-00082177 we’re going faster than max throttle ALAD8D74Hwc-00284-00082177-00082284 Much faster. ALAD8D74Hwc-00285-00082284-00082513 everything’s holding together quite nicely, ALAD8D74Hwc-00286-00082513-00082837 There’s been quite a few cases of homesickness from the crew on board, ALAD8D74Hwc-00287-00082837-00083099 We’re doing a loop to head back home. ALAD8D74Hwc-00288-00083099-00083434 There’s not much out here, Just endless copies of home, each more messed ALAD8D74Hwc-00289-00083434-00083534 up than the previous? ALAD8D74Hwc-00290-00083534-00083675 There’s no humans, mind you. ALAD8D74Hwc-00291-00083675-00083868 You remember anything I ‘aint? ALAD8D74Hwc-00292-00083868-00083968 Oh, right! ALAD8D74Hwc-00293-00083968-00084147 Oh, there was an incident last week. ALAD8D74Hwc-00294-00084147-00084458 It’s been fixed now though Crew are ok. ALAD8D74Hwc-00295-00084458-00084648 nothing that wont subside over time. ALAD8D74Hwc-00296-00084648-00084864 Any whom, everything’s ok. ALAD8D74Hwc-00297-00084864-00084964 everything’s Alright ALAD8D74Hwc-00298-00084964-00085114 I’m not insane, right? ALAD8D74Hwc-00299-00085114-00085214 David ██████: Of course. ALAD8D74Hwc-00300-00085214-00085337 David ██████ (Distant): there’s nothing wrong ALAD8D74Hwc-00301-00085337-00085551 Frank ██████: Anyway, we’re ALAD8D74Hwc-00302-00085551-00085780 coming to Messier Eighty-Three, ALAD8D74Hwc-00303-00085780-00086070 Talk about being far from home, heh heh. ALAD8D74Hwc-00304-00086070-00086183 Sooo… yeah. ALAD8D74Hwc-00305-00086183-00086295 <End Log> ALAD8D74Hwc-00306-00086295-00086710 The information collected and the names listed would never see the light of day. ALAD8D74Hwc-00307-00086710-00087149 It would have been sent directly to the highest echelons of the Foundation, who listened, ALAD8D74Hwc-00308-00087149-00087297 considered and acted. ALAD8D74Hwc-00309-00087297-00087665 It wouldn’t have taken a genius to connect the implications between the facts and the ALAD8D74Hwc-00310-00087665-00088101 records, so every bit of it was expunged or redacted so that the Administrator’s efforts ALAD8D74Hwc-00311-00088101-00088271 would not be in vain. ALAD8D74Hwc-00312-00088271-00088653 It would have been as though the expedition never happened, as though it was simply an ALAD8D74Hwc-00313-00088653-00088850 anomaly that appeared unexpectedly. ALAD8D74Hwc-00314-00088850-00089283 The information would never be seen by a human eye again until it was once more unveiled ALAD8D74Hwc-00315-00089283-00089549 by fate, buried simply to hide the truth. ALAD8D74Hwc-00316-00089549-00090131 What is the easiest way to hide the identity of SCP-001, the architect of the universe ALAD8D74Hwc-00317-00090131-00090254 and its infinite hordes of flaws? ALAD8D74Hwc-00318-00090254-00090510 Don’t classify it as SCP-001. ANRt-VsWBb0-00000-00000008-00000632 Hi everyone, I just wanted to introduce you to my new kitten. So, I was sitting at home doing some ANRt-VsWBb0-00001-00000632-00001288 writing one day when I heard this cat in distress, little kitten calls of sort of, ‘meow, meow, ANRt-VsWBb0-00002-00001288-00001976 meow,’ so I went outside and the road opposite my house, this tiny, tiny little ball of fur. ANRt-VsWBb0-00003-00002048-00002480 My neighbour was there shaking out her sheets, and sort of looking at it not knowing what to do, ANRt-VsWBb0-00004-00002480-00003040 so, you know, I asked, ‘can I take it?’ and she was very, very glad for me to do that, so I ANRt-VsWBb0-00005-00003040-00003640 picked up the little ball of fur and I brought it home. Now, I already have three other rescue cats ANRt-VsWBb0-00006-00003696-00004248 that I picked up five years ago. I was in a Kinyarwanda lesson and the lady who ran the ANRt-VsWBb0-00007-00004248-00004792 cafe where we were having the lesson, she came in and she'd found a bag of kittens outside ANRt-VsWBb0-00008-00004792-00005432 and she asked if anybody would take them, and everybody else very sensibly looked at the floor ANRt-VsWBb0-00009-00005432-00006216 and stayed quiet, and I might have raised my hand. So I ended up with four kittens, ANRt-VsWBb0-00010-00006216-00006728 three of whom survived, and named them after Ghibli characters. So, I’ve got Howl, ANRt-VsWBb0-00011-00006728-00007384 Sophie and Sen, and this little mite has been with me since the 22nd of March. He was probably ANRt-VsWBb0-00012-00007384-00007944 about six or seven weeks old when I found him. He was in pretty good condition, but he was a little ANRt-VsWBb0-00013-00007944-00008552 bit stinky and hadn't been cleaned for a while so I washed him up and, as young kittens often do, ANRt-VsWBb0-00014-00008552-00009256 he had a tiny bit of conjunctivitis, so I just gave his eye a saline bathe and that was okay ANRt-VsWBb0-00015-00009256-00009904 again, and from the very, very first moment that we met he was incredibly affectionate ANRt-VsWBb0-00016-00009904-00010392 and he's growing up to just be the happiest little kitten in the world. He still doesn't ANRt-VsWBb0-00017-00010392-00011048 have a name yet because I’ve had a couple of very sad incidents with kittens in the past where they ANRt-VsWBb0-00018-00011048-00011600 haven't made it, and so I just wanted to make sure that he was going to make it to adulthood before I ANRt-VsWBb0-00019-00011600-00012184 gave him a name, but he went to the vet’s on Monday and he was neutered, and at that point ANRt-VsWBb0-00020-00012240-00012808 I tend to feel that you've become a member of the family. So he's incredibly healthy, ANRt-VsWBb0-00021-00012808-00013463 he's been neutered because, as everybody knows, cats multiply on a massive scale and that's how we ANRt-VsWBb0-00022-00013463-00014080 end up with abandoned kittens in the first place, and, you know, cats don't have a good life here in ANRt-VsWBb0-00023-00014080-00014663 Rwanda if they don't have somebody to take care of them. Cats and dogs are not often welcomed, ANRt-VsWBb0-00024-00014663-00015128 so it's not like India where people would just go up and feed stray animals. ANRt-VsWBb0-00025-00015128-00015880 Here, animals who are stray on the street tend to have very short lives and not very happy ones, ANRt-VsWBb0-00026-00015880-00016520 so obviously I don't want to contribute to an animal being in distress in the future so all of ANRt-VsWBb0-00027-00016520-00017160 my strays are spayed and neutered, and vaccinated. So, you know, he's healthy, he's vaccinated, ANRt-VsWBb0-00028-00017160-00017720 he's neutered, he's a full member of the family, and so now it’s probably time he had a name. ANRt-VsWBb0-00029-00017776-00018392 So, I generally name all of my cats after Ghibli characters, like I said, Sophie, Howl, Sen, ANRt-VsWBb0-00030-00018392-00018872 and I was trying to run through Ghibli names, but I couldn't find a really good one that I liked. ANRt-VsWBb0-00031-00018872-00019480 There was Markl, but I thought people might wonder why I called him Markl, especially as because, ANRt-VsWBb0-00032-00019480-00019800 in the book of Howl’s Moving Castle, he's actually called, I think, ANRt-VsWBb0-00033-00019800-00020472 Michael Fisher, not Markl. So, Markl was a Ghibli invention. So, I don't know about that, um, ANRt-VsWBb0-00034-00020472-00021224 and I’m leaning more towards maybe calling him Alucard from Castlevania because his eyes are ANRt-VsWBb0-00035-00021224-00021936 golden. All of my other cats have green eyes, but his eyes literally look like a picture of Alucard, ANRt-VsWBb0-00036-00022016-00022744 so, you know. He's kind of crazy, destructive, he flies through the air, he pounces on everything, ANRt-VsWBb0-00037-00022744-00023352 so, you know, I was kind of thinking that he's an Alucard maybe, but, you know, I don't know, ANRt-VsWBb0-00038-00023352-00024016 it hasn't quite settled yet. So, I’m open to suggestions below. So, yep, he's definitely ANRt-VsWBb0-00039-00024016-00024776 living with me now and he is a member of the family. So, welcome little kitten with no name. ANRt-VsWBb0-00040-00025092-00025680 Cat bum, right there, yep, you’ve definitely got a cat bum. ANRt-VsWBb0-00041-00025904-00026000 Stinky creature. ANRt-VsWBb0-00042-00026344-00026895 Stinky creature, yeah you are, stinky yet wholesomely beautiful. ANRt-VsWBb0-00043-00026895-00028183 Little ball of mayhem. Little ball of mayhem, yeow. [meow] Yes you are. AQrjBoIW4wo-00000-00000136-00000671 Welcome to Lesson 2 where we're going to be taking a deeper dive into AQrjBoIW4wo-00001-00000805-00001005 computer vision applications and AQrjBoIW4wo-00002-00001042-00001526 Taking some of the amazing stuff that you've all been doing during the week and going even further AQrjBoIW4wo-00003-00001540-00001820 so let's take a look before we do a AQrjBoIW4wo-00004-00001893-00002074 reminder that AQrjBoIW4wo-00005-00002074-00002535 We have these two really important topics on the forums AQrjBoIW4wo-00006-00002605-00003161 They're pinned at the top of the forum. Category One is FAQ, Resources and Official Course Updates AQrjBoIW4wo-00007-00003216-00003809 This is where if there's something useful for you to know during the course. We will post there AQrjBoIW4wo-00008-00003832-00004009 Nobody else can reply to that thread AQrjBoIW4wo-00009-00004009-00004320 So if you set that thread to watching and notifications AQrjBoIW4wo-00010-00004320-00004763 You're not going to be bugged by anybody else except stuff that we think you need to know for the course AQrjBoIW4wo-00011-00004764-00005259 And it's got all the official information about how to get set up on each platform AQrjBoIW4wo-00012-00005353-00005789 Please note a lot of people post all kinds of other tidbits about AQrjBoIW4wo-00013-00005869-00006314 How they've set up things on previous solutions or previous courses or other places AQrjBoIW4wo-00014-00006314-00006731 I don't recommend you use those because these are the ones that we're testing AQrjBoIW4wo-00015-00006754-00007220 Everyday and that the folks involved in these platforms are testing every day and they definitely work AQrjBoIW4wo-00016-00007252-00007545 Okay, so so I would strongly suggest you follow AQrjBoIW4wo-00017-00007597-00007698 those AQrjBoIW4wo-00018-00007698-00008069 Tips and if you do have a question about using one of these platforms AQrjBoIW4wo-00019-00008095-00008364 Please use these discussions not some other AQrjBoIW4wo-00020-00008410-00008793 Topic that you create because this way people that are involved in these AQrjBoIW4wo-00021-00008806-00009222 Platforms will be able to see it and things won't get messy and then secondly AQrjBoIW4wo-00022-00009300-00009632 For every lesson, there will be an 'official AQrjBoIW4wo-00023-00009715-00010388 updates thread' for that lesson. So 'Lesson One Official Updates' and the same thing only Fast.ai people will be posting to that AQrjBoIW4wo-00024-00010534-00010675 so AQrjBoIW4wo-00025-00010675-00011240 You can you can watch it safely and we'll have all the things like the videos the notebooks and so forth AQrjBoIW4wo-00026-00011335-00011775 And they're all wiki threads so you can help us to make them better as well AQrjBoIW4wo-00027-00011829-00012086 So I mentioned the idea of watching a thread AQrjBoIW4wo-00028-00012086-00012482 So this is a really good idea is that you can go to a thread like particularly those AQrjBoIW4wo-00029-00012496-00012789 official update ones and click at the bottom... 'Watching' AQrjBoIW4wo-00030-00012798-00013253 Ok, and if you do that that's going to enable notifications or any updates to that thread AQrjBoIW4wo-00031-00013322-00013592 Secondly, if you go in to click on your little user name in the top, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00032-00013659-00014093 Preferences and turn this on that'll get gives you an email as well. Okay, so AQrjBoIW4wo-00033-00014181-00014705 any of you that have missed some of the updates so far go back and have a look through because we're really trained to AQrjBoIW4wo-00034-00014887-00015219 Make sure that we keep you updated with anything that we think's important AQrjBoIW4wo-00035-00015259-00016031 One thing which can be more than a little overwhelming is even now after just one week the most popular thread has 1.1 thousand (1100) replies AQrjBoIW4wo-00036-00016122-00016470 So that's that's an intimidatingly large number AQrjBoIW4wo-00037-00016470-00017094 I've actually read every single one of them and I know Rachel has and I know ( ) has and I think Francisco has AQrjBoIW4wo-00038-00017200-00017400 But you shouldn't need to AQrjBoIW4wo-00039-00017448-00017741 what you should do is click 'Summarize This Topic' and AQrjBoIW4wo-00040-00017791-00018059 It'll appear like this which is all of the most liked AQrjBoIW4wo-00041-00018079-00018741 Ones will appear and then they'll be view 31 hidden replies or whatever in between. So that's how you navigate these AQrjBoIW4wo-00042-00018814-00019350 giant topics that also way it's important you click the like button because that's the thing that's going to cause people to AQrjBoIW4wo-00043-00019404-00019604 To see it in this recommended AQrjBoIW4wo-00044-00019693-00019893 view AQrjBoIW4wo-00045-00020016-00020783 So when you come back to work, hopefully you've realized by now that on the official course website, 'course.Fast.ai' v3 AQrjBoIW4wo-00046-00020784-00020965 you will click 'Returning to work', AQrjBoIW4wo-00047-00020965-00021488 you will click the name of the platform you're using, and you will then follow the two steps. AQrjBoIW4wo-00048-00021538-00021938 Step one will be how to make sure that you've got the latest notebooks and AQrjBoIW4wo-00049-00021994-00022394 Step two will be how to make sure you've got the latest Python library software AQrjBoIW4wo-00050-00022426-00022889 Okay, they all look pretty much like this, but they're slightly different from platform to platform AQrjBoIW4wo-00051-00022912-00023213 So, please don't use some different set of commands AQrjBoIW4wo-00052-00023213-00023762 you read somewhere else - only use the commands that you read about here. And that will make everything very smooth AQrjBoIW4wo-00053-00023832-00024344 If things aren't working for you, if you get some into some kind of messy situation, which we all do, AQrjBoIW4wo-00054-00024431-00024504 and AQrjBoIW4wo-00055-00024504-00024679 uh, just AQrjBoIW4wo-00056-00024679-00025026 delete your instance and start again. Unless you've got mission-critical stuff there AQrjBoIW4wo-00057-00025026-00025253 It's the easiest way just to get out of a sticky situation AQrjBoIW4wo-00058-00025269-00025778 And you know, if you follow the instructions here, you really should find it works fine AQrjBoIW4wo-00059-00026039-00026239 So this is what I really wanted to talk about AQrjBoIW4wo-00060-00026272-00026588 Most of all is what people have been doing this week AQrjBoIW4wo-00061-00026635-00027089 If you've noticed and a lot of you have so there's have been a hundred and sixty-seven people AQrjBoIW4wo-00062-00027106-00027791 Sharing their work and this is really cool because it's pretty intimidating to put yourself out there and say like I'm new to all this AQrjBoIW4wo-00063-00027811-00027991 But here's what I've done AQrjBoIW4wo-00064-00027991-00028655 And so example four things. I thought was really interesting was figuring out who's talking. Is it Ben Affleck or AQrjBoIW4wo-00065-00028719-00028882 Joe Rogan AQrjBoIW4wo-00066-00028882-00029243 I thought this is really interesting. This is like actually very practical AQrjBoIW4wo-00067-00029244-00029873 I wanted to clean up while whatsapp downloaded images to get rid of memes. So I actually built a little neural network AQrjBoIW4wo-00068-00029874-00030507 I mean, how cool is that to say like? Oh, yeah. I've got something that cleans up my whatsapp. It's a deep learning application AQrjBoIW4wo-00069-00030507-00030971 I wrote last week why not like it's so easy. Now you can do stuff like this AQrjBoIW4wo-00070-00031068-00031332 And then there's been some really interesting AQrjBoIW4wo-00071-00031569-00031695 Projects AQrjBoIW4wo-00072-00031695-00031928 one was looking at the the AQrjBoIW4wo-00073-00032052-00032705 Sounds data that was used in this paper. And in this paper, they were trying to figure out what kind of sound AQrjBoIW4wo-00074-00032758-00033128 things were and they got, as you would expect since they published the paper, AQrjBoIW4wo-00075-00033128-00033392 they got a state of the art of nearly 80% accuracy AQrjBoIW4wo-00076-00033466-00034178 Ethan Sutan then tried using the Lesson 1 techniques and got 80.5 % accuracy. So I think this is pretty awesome AQrjBoIW4wo-00077-00034272-00034472 Best as we know it's a new state of the art AQrjBoIW4wo-00078-00034515-00034618 for AQrjBoIW4wo-00079-00034618-00035003 this problem. Now, maybe somebody since then has published something, we haven't found it yet. AQrjBoIW4wo-00080-00035003-00035492 Then take all of these with a slight grain of salt, but I've mentioned them on Twitter and lots of people on Twitter AQrjBoIW4wo-00081-00035493-00035934 follow me, so if everybody knew that there was a much better approach, I'm sure somebody would have said so. AQrjBoIW4wo-00082-00036111-00036609 This one is pretty cool; Suvash has a new state of the art accuracy for AQrjBoIW4wo-00083-00036765-00037226 for devanagari text recognition, I think he's got it even higher than this now AQrjBoIW4wo-00084-00037303-00037673 And this is actually confirmed by the person on twitter who created the data set. AQrjBoIW4wo-00085-00037693-00038040 Like, I don't think he had any idea - he just posted 'Here's a nice thing AQrjBoIW4wo-00086-00038040-00038495 I did' and this guy on Twitter was like, "oh I made that data set. Congratulations. You've got a new record." AQrjBoIW4wo-00087-00038500-00038694 So that was pretty cool. AQrjBoIW4wo-00088-00038694-00038821 Um, I AQrjBoIW4wo-00089-00038821-00039065 really liked this post from Alena Harley. AQrjBoIW4wo-00090-00039193-00039387 She describes in AQrjBoIW4wo-00091-00039387-00039938 quite a bit of detail about the issue of metastasizing cancers AQrjBoIW4wo-00092-00039988-00040391 And the use of point mutations and why that's a challenging important problem AQrjBoIW4wo-00093-00040456-00041232 And she's got some nice pictures describing like what she wants to do with this and like how she can go about turning this into pictures AQrjBoIW4wo-00094-00041235-00041561 See, this is the cool trick, right? It's the same with this AQrjBoIW4wo-00095-00041562-00042153 this 'sound' one, turning sounds into pictures and then using the Lesson 1 approach and here it's AQrjBoIW4wo-00096-00042196-00042618 turning point mutations into pictures and then using the Lesson 1 approach and AQrjBoIW4wo-00097-00042724-00042924 What did she find? AQrjBoIW4wo-00098-00042949-00043466 It seems that she's got a new state of the art result by more than 30% beating the previous best AQrjBoIW4wo-00099-00043555-00044277 somebody on twitter who's a VP at a genomics analysis company looked at this as well and you know AQrjBoIW4wo-00100-00044359-00044922 Thought it looked to be a state of the art in this particular point mutation one as well. So that's pretty exciting AQrjBoIW4wo-00101-00045007-00045357 so you can see you know, when we talked about last week this idea that AQrjBoIW4wo-00102-00045409-00046047 This simple process is something which can take you a long way. It really can I will mention that AQrjBoIW4wo-00103-00046198-00046874 You know something like this one in particular is is using a lot of domain expertise like it's figuring out what picture AQrjBoIW4wo-00104-00046918-00047110 To create I wouldn't know AQrjBoIW4wo-00105-00047110-00047567 How to do that because I don't even really know what a point mutation is let alone how to create AQrjBoIW4wo-00106-00047572-00047957 You know something that visually is meaningful that a CNN could recognize AQrjBoIW4wo-00107-00048043-00048273 but the actual big learning side AQrjBoIW4wo-00108-00048337-00048537 Is is actually pretty straightforward. AQrjBoIW4wo-00109-00048787-00049406 Another very cool result from Simon Willison and Natalie Downe. They AQrjBoIW4wo-00110-00049492-00049830 Created a 'cougar or not' web application AQrjBoIW4wo-00111-00049861-00050366 Over the weekend and won the 'Science Hack Day' award in San Francisco AQrjBoIW4wo-00112-00050449-00050703 And so I think that's pretty pretty fantastic AQrjBoIW4wo-00113-00050788-00051090 So lots of examples of people doing really interesting work AQrjBoIW4wo-00114-00051259-00051427 Hopefully this will be AQrjBoIW4wo-00115-00051427-00051861 Inspiring to you to think well, this is this is cool that I can do this with what I've learned AQrjBoIW4wo-00116-00051879-00052346 it can also be intimidating to think like wow, these people are doing amazing things, but AQrjBoIW4wo-00117-00052399-00052691 It's important to realize that out of thousands of people during this course AQrjBoIW4wo-00118-00052775-00053347 You know, I'm just picking out the kind of a few of the really amazing ones and in fact AQrjBoIW4wo-00119-00053414-00053902 Simon is one of these very annoying people like Christine Payne who talked about last week who seems to be good at everything he does AQrjBoIW4wo-00120-00053945-00054535 He created Django when it's the world's most popular web frameworks. He founded a very successful startup and bla bla bla bla bla AQrjBoIW4wo-00121-00054536-00054560 so AQrjBoIW4wo-00122-00054560-00054800 You know one of these really annoying people who? AQrjBoIW4wo-00123-00054806-00055135 Tends to keep being good at things now turns out he's good at deep learning as well AQrjBoIW4wo-00124-00055149-00055714 So, you know, that's fine. You know Simon can go and win a hackathon on his first week of playing with deep learning AQrjBoIW4wo-00125-00055775-00056149 Maybe it'll take you two weeks to win your first hackathon. That's okay AQrjBoIW4wo-00126-00056225-00056977 um, and I think like it's important to mention this because there was this really inspiring blog post this week from James Dellinger who talked AQrjBoIW4wo-00127-00056977-00057361 About how he created a bird classifier using the techniques from lesson one AQrjBoIW4wo-00128-00057401-00057599 But what I really found interesting was at the end AQrjBoIW4wo-00129-00057599-00058255 He said he he nearly didn't start on deep learning at all because he went through the scikit-learn website AQrjBoIW4wo-00130-00058255-00058564 Which is one of the most important libraries of python and he saw this AQrjBoIW4wo-00131-00058589-00059077 And he described in this blog post or how he was just like 'that's not something I can do, AQrjBoIW4wo-00132-00059077-00059494 It's not something I understand' and then this kind of realization of like, oh I can do useful things AQrjBoIW4wo-00133-00059586-00059700 without AQrjBoIW4wo-00134-00059700-00059941 reading the Greek so I thought that was a really AQrjBoIW4wo-00135-00059979-00060670 Cool message and I really want to highlight actually Daniel Armstrong on the forum. I think really AQrjBoIW4wo-00136-00060731-00060937 Shows is a great role model here AQrjBoIW4wo-00137-00060937-00061558 which was here saying I want to contribute to the library and I looked at the docs and I just started overwhelming and AQrjBoIW4wo-00138-00061595-00061894 the next message one day later was... 'I AQrjBoIW4wo-00139-00061964-00062323 don't know what any of this is, I didn't know how much there was to it, it caught me off guard, AQrjBoIW4wo-00140-00062391-00062591 My brain shut down AQrjBoIW4wo-00141-00062687-00063331 But I love the way it forces me to learn so much and then one day later, I just submitted my first pull request AQrjBoIW4wo-00142-00063392-00063871 So I think that's also right. It's just kind of like it's okay to feel intimidated AQrjBoIW4wo-00143-00063881-00064348 There's a lot, right? But just pick one piece and dig into it AQrjBoIW4wo-00144-00064349-00064930 you know, try and try and push a piece of code or a documentation update or create a classifier or whatever AQrjBoIW4wo-00145-00064986-00065399 So here's lots of cool classifiers people have built. It's been really really inspiring AQrjBoIW4wo-00146-00065627-00066262 Trinidad and Tobago Islander versus Masquerader classifier. A Zucchini versus Cucumber classifier, AQrjBoIW4wo-00147-00066378-00066674 This one was really nice. This was taking the dog breeds AQrjBoIW4wo-00148-00066786-00067469 dog and cat breeds thing from last week and actually doing some exploratory work to see what the main features were and AQrjBoIW4wo-00149-00067494-00067771 discovered that they could have a 'hairiness AQrjBoIW4wo-00150-00067842-00067950 classifier' AQrjBoIW4wo-00151-00067950-00068479 and so here we have the most hairied dogs and the most bald cats. AQrjBoIW4wo-00152-00068541-00068645 So there are you know AQrjBoIW4wo-00153-00068645-00068826 Interesting things you can do with interpretation AQrjBoIW4wo-00154-00068826-00069466 Somebody else in the forum took that and did the same thing for anime to find that they had accidentally discovered an anime haircolor classifier AQrjBoIW4wo-00155-00069564-00069902 We can now detect the new versus the old AQrjBoIW4wo-00156-00069954-00070574 Panamanian buses correctly. Apparently these are the new ones I much prefer the old ones, but maybe that's just me AQrjBoIW4wo-00157-00070695-00071347 This was a really interesting Henri Pallacci discovered that he can recognize, with 85% accuracy, which of AQrjBoIW4wo-00158-00071406-00071657 110 cities..., sorry, which of 110 countries, AQrjBoIW4wo-00159-00071724-00072220 a satellite image is of. Which you know, has definitely got to be AQrjBoIW4wo-00160-00072279-00072658 Beyond human performance of just about anybody like I can't imagine anybody AQrjBoIW4wo-00161-00072729-00073094 Who can do that in practice. So that was fascinating. AQrjBoIW4wo-00162-00073308-00073715 Batik cloth classification with a hundred percent accuracy AQrjBoIW4wo-00163-00073914-00074273 Those rewarded this interesting one we actually went a little bit further using some techniques AQrjBoIW4wo-00164-00074273-00074675 We'll be discussing in the next couple of courses to build something that can recognize AQrjBoIW4wo-00165-00074748-00075313 'complete or incomplete foundation buildings' and actually plot them on aerial satellite view AQrjBoIW4wo-00166-00075459-00075716 So lots and lots of fascinating AQrjBoIW4wo-00167-00075813-00076370 Projects. So don't worry, it's only been one week. It doesn't mean everybody has to have had a project out yet AQrjBoIW4wo-00168-00076370-00076882 A lot of the folks who already have a project out have done a previous course, so they've got a bit of a head start AQrjBoIW4wo-00169-00076959-00077411 But we'll see today how you can definitely create your own classifier AQrjBoIW4wo-00170-00077475-00077637 this week. AQrjBoIW4wo-00171-00077637-00077950 So, from today after we dig a bit deeper into AQrjBoIW4wo-00172-00078006-00078445 really how to make these computer vision classifiers in particular, work well AQrjBoIW4wo-00173-00078546-00079217 We're then going to look at the same thing for text. We're then going to look at the same thing for tabular data AQrjBoIW4wo-00174-00079217-00079418 So they're kind of like more like spreadsheets and databases AQrjBoIW4wo-00175-00079544-00079744 Then we're going to look at 'collaborative filtering' AQrjBoIW4wo-00176-00079862-00080548 So we're going to recommendation systems that's going to take us into a topic called embeddings, which is basically a key AQrjBoIW4wo-00177-00080616-00080873 underlying platform behind these applications AQrjBoIW4wo-00178-00080975-00081493 That will take us back into more computer vision and then back into more NLP AQrjBoIW4wo-00179-00081500-00081997 so the idea here is that it turns out that it's it's much better for learning if you AQrjBoIW4wo-00180-00082058-00082510 Kind of see things multiple times. So rather than being like, okay that's computer vision AQrjBoIW4wo-00181-00082511-00082688 You won't see it again for the rest of the course AQrjBoIW4wo-00182-00082688-00082966 We're actually going to come back to the two key applications AQrjBoIW4wo-00183-00082998-00083614 NLP and computer vision a few weeks apart and that's going to force your brain to realize like 'oh I have to remember this' AQrjBoIW4wo-00184-00083614-00083830 It's not just something I can throw away AQrjBoIW4wo-00185-00084054-00084254 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00186-00084324-00084524 We are AQrjBoIW4wo-00187-00084624-00084893 You know for people who have more of a AQrjBoIW4wo-00188-00085007-00085297 hard sciences kind of background in particular AQrjBoIW4wo-00189-00085362-00085573 a lot of folks find this AQrjBoIW4wo-00190-00085757-00086308 Hey, 'here's some code - type it in start running it approach' rather than here's lots of theory approach AQrjBoIW4wo-00191-00086475-00087091 Confusing and surprising and odd at first and so for those of those of you I just wanted to remind you AQrjBoIW4wo-00192-00087092-00087295 you know, this basic tip, which is AQrjBoIW4wo-00193-00087368-00087976 Keep going. You're not expected to remember everything. Yet. You're not expected to understand everything. Yet. AQrjBoIW4wo-00194-00087976-00088342 You're not expected to know why everything works. Yet. AQrjBoIW4wo-00195-00088422-00088720 You just want to be in a situation where you can: enter AQrjBoIW4wo-00196-00088733-00089191 the code and you can run it and you can get something happening and then you can start to AQrjBoIW4wo-00197-00089252-00089680 experiment and you kind of get a feel for what's going on and then, AQrjBoIW4wo-00198-00089702-00090319 Push on. Right? Most of the people who have done the course and have gone on to be really successful watch the videos at least AQrjBoIW4wo-00199-00090338-00090733 three times. So they kind of go through the whole lot and then go through it slowly AQrjBoIW4wo-00200-00090762-00091294 the second time, then they go through it really slowly the third time and I consistently hear them say 'I get a lot more out AQrjBoIW4wo-00201-00091294-00091921 of it each time I go through' so don't pause at lesson one and stop until you can continue AQrjBoIW4wo-00202-00092132-00092560 So, um this approach is based on a lot of a AQrjBoIW4wo-00203-00092651-00093001 research, academic research, into learning theory and one guy in particular AQrjBoIW4wo-00204-00093057-00093689 David Perkins from Harvard, has this really great analogy. He's a researcher into learning theory AQrjBoIW4wo-00205-00093689-00094405 He describes this approach of the whole game, which is basically if you're teaching a kid to play soccer you don't you know AQrjBoIW4wo-00206-00094406-00094613 first of all teach them about you know AQrjBoIW4wo-00207-00094613-00095029 how the friction between a ball and grass works and then teach them how to sew a AQrjBoIW4wo-00208-00095064-00095674 soccer ball with their bare hands and then teach them the mathematics of parabolas when you kick something in the air... AQrjBoIW4wo-00209-00095736-00096080 No. They say "Here's a ball. Let's watch some people playing soccer." AQrjBoIW4wo-00210-00096099-00096149 Okay AQrjBoIW4wo-00211-00096149-00096285 now we'll play soccer and AQrjBoIW4wo-00212-00096285-00096854 Then you you know gradually over the following years learn more and more so that you can get better and better at it AQrjBoIW4wo-00213-00096854-00097426 So this is kind of what we're trying to get you to do is to play soccer which in our case is to type code AQrjBoIW4wo-00214-00097464-00097696 And look at the inputs and look at the outputs AQrjBoIW4wo-00215-00097947-00098102 Okay AQrjBoIW4wo-00216-00098102-00098320 So let's dig into AQrjBoIW4wo-00217-00098430-00099230 Our first notebook, which is called "lesson2-download" and what we're going to do is we're going to see how to create AQrjBoIW4wo-00218-00099369-00099561 your own AQrjBoIW4wo-00219-00099561-00100159 Classifier with your own images, so it's going to be a lot like last week's pet detector AQrjBoIW4wo-00220-00100173-00100838 But it'll detect whatever you like. So it'll be like those some of those examples we just saw. How would you create your own AQrjBoIW4wo-00221-00100923-00101213 "Panama Bus Detector", from scratch? AQrjBoIW4wo-00222-00101402-00101541 So this is AQrjBoIW4wo-00223-00101541-00102239 inspired the approaches inspired by Adrian Rosebrock, who has a terrific website called "pyimagesearch" and AQrjBoIW4wo-00224-00102302-00102817 He has this nice explanation of how to create a data set using Google images AQrjBoIW4wo-00225-00102897-00103325 So that was definitely an inspiration for some of the techniques we use here. So, thank you to Adrian AQrjBoIW4wo-00226-00103370-00103717 And you should definitely check out his site. It's a really it's full of lots of good resources AQrjBoIW4wo-00227-00103931-00104131 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00228-00104159-00104750 So here we are so we are going to try to create a "teddy bear" detector AQrjBoIW4wo-00229-00105078-00105189 Thanks AQrjBoIW4wo-00230-00105189-00105643 We're going to try and make a teddy bear detector, and we're going to try and separate teddy bears AQrjBoIW4wo-00231-00105702-00106132 from black bears from grizzly bears. Now, this is very important AQrjBoIW4wo-00232-00106204-00106404 I have a three year old daughter and AQrjBoIW4wo-00233-00106442-00107032 She needs to know what she's dealing with. In our house, you would be surprised at the number of monsters, AQrjBoIW4wo-00234-00107117-00107295 lions, and other terrifying AQrjBoIW4wo-00235-00107295-00107506 threats that are around, particularly around Halloween, AQrjBoIW4wo-00236-00107507-00107974 And so we always need to be on the lookout to make sure that the thing we're about to cuddle AQrjBoIW4wo-00237-00107990-00108262 Is in fact a genuine teddy bear, okay AQrjBoIW4wo-00238-00108277-00108586 So let's deal with that with that situation as best as we can AQrjBoIW4wo-00239-00108635-00109159 So our starting point is to find some pictures of teddy bears so we can learn AQrjBoIW4wo-00240-00109217-00109543 What they look like so I go to images.google.com AQrjBoIW4wo-00241-00109604-00109727 and AQrjBoIW4wo-00242-00109727-00109927 I type in "teddy bear" AQrjBoIW4wo-00243-00109991-00110169 and AQrjBoIW4wo-00244-00110169-00110464 I just scroll through until I kind of find a AQrjBoIW4wo-00245-00110576-00110776 goodly bunch of them. AQrjBoIW4wo-00246-00110789-00110989 and it's like, okay that AQrjBoIW4wo-00247-00111011-00111382 Looks like plenty of teddy bears to me. So then I'll go back to AQrjBoIW4wo-00248-00111507-00111862 Here. So you can see it says "search and scroll go to Google Images" and search AQrjBoIW4wo-00249-00111926-00112501 and the next thing we need to do is to get a list of all of the URLs, there, and so to do that you AQrjBoIW4wo-00250-00112545-00113089 Back in your google images you hit 'ctrl- shift-J' or 'command-option-J' AQrjBoIW4wo-00251-00113089-00113389 And you paste this [highlighted text] into the window that appears. AQrjBoIW4wo-00252-00113924-00114053 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00253-00114053-00114271 I've got Windows so I go 'ctrl-shift-J' AQrjBoIW4wo-00254-00114374-00115075 paste in that code. So this is the JavaScript console, for those of you you haven't done any JavaScript before, I hit enter and AQrjBoIW4wo-00255-00115158-00115323 It downloads AQrjBoIW4wo-00256-00115323-00115603 my file for me. So I would call this AQrjBoIW4wo-00257-00115748-00116281 "teddies.txt" and press Save. Okay, so I now have a AQrjBoIW4wo-00258-00116433-00117001 file of Teddies, or URLs of Teddies, so then I would repeat that process for AQrjBoIW4wo-00259-00117134-00117748 Black bears and for brown bears since that's a classifier I would want, and i would put each one in a file with an appropriate name. AQrjBoIW4wo-00260-00117833-00118150 So that's step one. So step two is we now need to AQrjBoIW4wo-00261-00118226-00118987 Download those URLs to our server. Because remember, when we're using Jupyter notebooks, it's not running on our computer AQrjBoIW4wo-00262-00118987-00119398 It's running on Sagemaker or Kressel or AQrjBoIW4wo-00263-00119492-00119692 Google Cloud or whatever AQrjBoIW4wo-00264-00119700-00120281 So to do that we start running some Jupyter cells. So let's grab the Fast.ai library and AQrjBoIW4wo-00265-00120402-00121031 Let's start with black bears. I've already got my black bears URL, so I click on this cell for black bears and I'll run it AQrjBoIW4wo-00266-00121116-00121651 See here how I've got three different cells, doing the same thing but different information? AQrjBoIW4wo-00267-00121668-00122134 This is this is one way I like to work with Jupyter notebook - it's something that a lot of kind of AQrjBoIW4wo-00268-00122190-00122662 People with a more strict scientific background are horrified by. This is not reproducible research. AQrjBoIW4wo-00269-00122663-00123182 I actually click here and I run this cell to create a folder called "black" and a file called AQrjBoIW4wo-00270-00123189-00123724 "urls_black" for my black bears, I skip the next two cells and then I run this cell AQrjBoIW4wo-00271-00123804-00123969 to create AQrjBoIW4wo-00272-00123969-00124582 that folder, okay? And then I go down to the next section and I run AQrjBoIW4wo-00273-00124647-00124847 the next cell which is AQrjBoIW4wo-00274-00124917-00125117 'download_images()' for AQrjBoIW4wo-00275-00125172-00125348 'black_bears', right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00276-00125348-00125792 So that's just going to download my black bears to that folder and then I'll go back and AQrjBoIW4wo-00277-00125820-00126098 I'll click on 'teddys', and I'll run that cell and AQrjBoIW4wo-00278-00126134-00126308 then scroll back down and AQrjBoIW4wo-00279-00126308-00126886 I'll run this cell and so that way I'm just going backwards and forwards to download each of the classes that I want AQrjBoIW4wo-00280-00126945-00127463 Very manual, but for me, I'm very iterative I'm very experimental, that works AQrjBoIW4wo-00281-00127463-00127897 well for me. If you're better at kind of planning ahead than I am, you can, you know, AQrjBoIW4wo-00282-00127898-00128375 Write a proper loop or whatever and and do it that way. So but when you see AQrjBoIW4wo-00283-00128430-00129022 My notebooks and see things where there's kind of like configuration cells doing the same thing in different places AQrjBoIW4wo-00284-00129078-00129494 This is a strong sign that I didn't run this in order. Right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00285-00129494-00129922 I clicked one place went to another around that went back went back went back and for me, I AQrjBoIW4wo-00286-00129983-00130360 Just I'm an experimentalist. I really like to AQrjBoIW4wo-00287-00130419-00130879 experiment in my notebook - I treat it like a lab journal. I try things out and I see what happens... AQrjBoIW4wo-00288-00130880-00131137 And so this is how my notebooks end up looking AQrjBoIW4wo-00289-00131196-00131648 it's a really controversial topic like for a lot of people they feel this is, like, AQrjBoIW4wo-00290-00131679-00132169 "Wrong." That you should only ever run things top to bottom. Everything you do should be reproducible AQrjBoIW4wo-00291-00132222-00132883 For me, I don't think that's the best way of using human creativity. I think human creativity is best inspired AQrjBoIW4wo-00292-00132938-00133494 by trying things out, seeing what happens, and fiddling around. So you can see how you go. See what works for you AQrjBoIW4wo-00293-00133613-00134172 So that will download the images to your server. It's going to use AQrjBoIW4wo-00294-00134249-00134476 multiple processes to do so and AQrjBoIW4wo-00295-00134528-00134814 One problem there is if is if something goes wrong AQrjBoIW4wo-00296-00134855-00135193 It's a bit hard to see what went wrong so you can see in the next section AQrjBoIW4wo-00297-00135193-00135393 There's a commented out section that says AQrjBoIW4wo-00298-00135416-00136030 "max_workers = 0" and that'll do it without spitting up a bunch of processes and will tell you the errors better. AQrjBoIW4wo-00299-00136030-00136383 So if things aren't downloading try using the second version. AQrjBoIW4wo-00300-00136502-00136935 Okay, so it takes so I you know grabbed a small number of each AQrjBoIW4wo-00301-00137030-00137451 and then the next thing that I found I needed to do was to remove the AQrjBoIW4wo-00302-00137483-00138081 Images that aren't actually images at all. And this happens all the time. There's always a few images in every batch that AQrjBoIW4wo-00303-00138170-00138568 are corrupted for whatever reason, you know Google Image tried to AQrjBoIW4wo-00304-00138629-00138955 Told us that this URL had an image, but actually it doesn't anymore AQrjBoIW4wo-00305-00138989-00139303 So I've got we've got this thing in the library called "verify_images()" AQrjBoIW4wo-00306-00139364-00139581 Which will check all of the images in a path AQrjBoIW4wo-00307-00139649-00140259 And will tell you if there's a problem if you say 'delete=True', it will actually delete it for you AQrjBoIW4wo-00308-00140261-00140749 Okay, so that's a really nice easy way to end up with a clean data set. AQrjBoIW4wo-00309-00140789-00140989 So at this point I now have AQrjBoIW4wo-00310-00141032-00141643 a bears folder containing a /grizzly folder and a /teddys folder and a /black folder in AQrjBoIW4wo-00311-00141701-00142279 Other words I have the basic structure we need to create an image data bunch to start doing some deep learning AQrjBoIW4wo-00312-00142370-00142570 So let's go ahead and do that. Now AQrjBoIW4wo-00313-00142814-00143305 Very often when you get when you download a data set from, like, AQrjBoIW4wo-00314-00143339-00143733 Kaggle or from some academic data set, there will often be a folder called AQrjBoIW4wo-00315-00143849-00144349 /train and a folder called /valid and a folder called /test right containing the different AQrjBoIW4wo-00316-00144410-00145170 data sets. In this case, we don't have a separate validation set because we just grab these images from Google search, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00317-00145256-00145482 But you still need a validation set AQrjBoIW4wo-00318-00145556-00146010 Otherwise, you don't know how well your model is going and we'll talk about more about this in a moment AQrjBoIW4wo-00319-00146030-00146241 So whenever you create a data bunch AQrjBoIW4wo-00320-00146304-00146763 If you don't have a separate training and validation set then you can just say okay AQrjBoIW4wo-00321-00146763-00146778 well AQrjBoIW4wo-00322-00146778-00147411 the training set is in the 'current' folder because by default it looks in a folder called /train and I want you to set aside AQrjBoIW4wo-00323-00147511-00148053 20 percent of the data, please. So this is going to create a validation set for you automatically and randomly. AQrjBoIW4wo-00324-00148196-00148387 You'll see that whenever I AQrjBoIW4wo-00325-00148387-00148947 create a validation set randomly, I always set my random seed to something fixed beforehand. AQrjBoIW4wo-00326-00148963-00149376 This means that every time I run this code, I'll get the same AQrjBoIW4wo-00327-00149449-00149748 validation set so in general AQrjBoIW4wo-00328-00149815-00150015 I'm not a fan of AQrjBoIW4wo-00329-00150119-00150260 making my AQrjBoIW4wo-00330-00150260-00150483 machine learning experiments reproducible; AQrjBoIW4wo-00331-00150484-00150748 i.e. ensuring I get exactly the same result every time. AQrjBoIW4wo-00332-00150766-00151395 The randomness is to me really important a really important part of planning out is your solution stable, you know AQrjBoIW4wo-00333-00151396-00151890 Is it going to work like each time you run it but what is important is that you always have the same? AQrjBoIW4wo-00334-00151948-00152583 Validation set. But otherwise when you're trying to decide has this hyper parameter change improved my model AQrjBoIW4wo-00335-00152645-00153097 But you've got a different set of data you're testing it on then you don't know maybe that set of data AQrjBoIW4wo-00336-00153097-00153297 It just happens to be a bit easier. Okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-00337-00153332-00153648 So that's why I always said the random seed here. AQrjBoIW4wo-00338-00153775-00154176 So we've now gone (let's run that cell), so we've now got a data bunch AQrjBoIW4wo-00339-00154240-00154671 And so you can look inside at the data.classes and you'll see AQrjBoIW4wo-00340-00154733-00154890 These are the folders that we created AQrjBoIW4wo-00341-00154890-00155586 So it knows that the classes or you know, so by classes we main all the possible labels black bear grizzly bear or teddy bear AQrjBoIW4wo-00342-00155692-00156018 We can run show batch and we can take a little look AQrjBoIW4wo-00343-00156076-00156498 And it tells us straight away that some of these are going to be a little bit tricky AQrjBoIW4wo-00344-00156610-00156942 So this is not a photo, for instance, AQrjBoIW4wo-00345-00157051-00157272 some of them kind of cropped funny AQrjBoIW4wo-00346-00157450-00157863 Some of them might be tricky like if you ended up with a black bear standing on top of a grizzly bear that might be AQrjBoIW4wo-00347-00157863-00158023 tough AQrjBoIW4wo-00348-00158023-00158334 Anyway, so you can kind of double check here, 'data.classes', here they are AQrjBoIW4wo-00349-00158335-00158985 They are (remember '.c' is the attribute which the classifiers tells us how many possible labels there are?). AQrjBoIW4wo-00350-00158998-00159312 We'll learn about some other more specific meanings of '.c' later. AQrjBoIW4wo-00351-00159364-00159615 We can see how many things are in our training set, AQrjBoIW4wo-00352-00159706-00160017 we can see how many things are in our validation set. AQrjBoIW4wo-00353-00160328-00160484 So we've got AQrjBoIW4wo-00354-00160484-00160873 473 training set, 141 validation set AQrjBoIW4wo-00355-00160952-00161535 So at that point we can go ahead you'll see all these commands are identical to the pet classifier from last week AQrjBoIW4wo-00356-00161536-00161735 we can create our AQrjBoIW4wo-00357-00161735-00162025 CNN (our convolutional neural network) using that data AQrjBoIW4wo-00358-00162029-00162343 I tend to default using a 'resnet34' AQrjBoIW4wo-00359-00162392-00163134 and let's print out the error rate each time and run 'fit_one_cycle()' four times and see how we go and AQrjBoIW4wo-00360-00163187-00163387 We have a 2% error rate AQrjBoIW4wo-00361-00163388-00163588 So that's pretty good. I AQrjBoIW4wo-00362-00163589-00164025 Personally, I mean sometimes it's easy for me to recognize a black bear from a grizzly bear AQrjBoIW4wo-00363-00164026-00164389 But sometimes it's a bit tricky. This one seems to be doing pretty well AQrjBoIW4wo-00364-00164804-00164921 Okay, so AQrjBoIW4wo-00365-00164921-00165388 After I kind of make some progress with my model and things looking good AQrjBoIW4wo-00366-00165388-00165873 I always like to save where I'm up to, to save me the 54 seconds of going back and doing it again and, AQrjBoIW4wo-00367-00165911-00166509 As very usual we unfreeze() the rest of our model. We're going to be learning more about what that means during the course AQrjBoIW4wo-00368-00166583-00167047 And then we run the 'learning rate finder' and plot AQrjBoIW4wo-00369-00167047-00167733 it (it tells you exactly what to type) and we take a look. Now, we're going to be learning about learning rate, today, actually. AQrjBoIW4wo-00370-00167801-00168442 But for now, here's what you need to know: on the learning rate finder, what you're looking for is the strongest AQrjBoIW4wo-00371-00168509-00168683 downward slope AQrjBoIW4wo-00372-00168683-00169009 That's kind of sticking around for quite awhile, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00373-00169009-00169531 So this one here looks more like a bump, but this looks like an actual downward slope, to me AQrjBoIW4wo-00374-00169531-00170007 So it's kind of like it's something you're going to have to practice with and get a feel for, like what AQrjBoIW4wo-00375-00170060-00170710 bit works so like if you're not sure is it this bit or this bit, try both learning rates and see which one AQrjBoIW4wo-00376-00170750-00170950 works better. Okay, but I'm AQrjBoIW4wo-00377-00170975-00171643 I've been doing this for a while and I'm pretty sure this looks like where it's really learning properly. So I would pick something AQrjBoIW4wo-00378-00171674-00172090 Okay here it's not so steep. So I would probably pick something back here AQrjBoIW4wo-00379-00172142-00172342 for my learning rate. AQrjBoIW4wo-00380-00172397-00172597 So you can see I picked AQrjBoIW4wo-00381-00172622-00173317 3x10^-5 so, you know somewhere around here. That sounds pretty good. So that's for my bottom learning rate AQrjBoIW4wo-00382-00173330-00173832 So my top learning rate I normally pick you know 1x10^-4 or 3x10^-4 AQrjBoIW4wo-00383-00173833-00174033 It's kind of like I don't really think about it too much AQrjBoIW4wo-00384-00174116-00174316 That's a rule of thumb it always works pretty well AQrjBoIW4wo-00385-00174425-00174679 One of the things you'll realize is that AQrjBoIW4wo-00386-00174764-00175209 Most of these parameters don't actually matter that much, in detail. AQrjBoIW4wo-00387-00175210-00175588 If you just copy the numbers that I use each time AQrjBoIW4wo-00388-00175588-00176080 It'll the vast majority the time it'll just work fine and we'll see places where it doesn't today. AQrjBoIW4wo-00389-00176219-00176785 Okay, so we've got a 1.4% error rate after doing another couple of epochs. So that's looking great AQrjBoIW4wo-00390-00176804-00177106 So we've downloaded some images from Google Image Search AQrjBoIW4wo-00391-00177239-00177715 And created a classifier. We've got a 1.4% error rate. Let's save it. AQrjBoIW4wo-00392-00177830-00178013 And then as per usual AQrjBoIW4wo-00393-00178013-00178756 We can use the ClassificationInterpretation class to have a look at what's going on. And in this case, we made one mistake. AQrjBoIW4wo-00394-00178832-00179136 There was one black bear classified as grizzly bear. AQrjBoIW4wo-00395-00179294-00179494 So that's AQrjBoIW4wo-00396-00179543-00179763 That's a really good step. We come a long way AQrjBoIW4wo-00397-00179840-00179990 but AQrjBoIW4wo-00398-00179990-00180549 possibly you could do even better if your data set was less noisy like maybe AQrjBoIW4wo-00399-00180626-00180809 Google Image Search AQrjBoIW4wo-00400-00180809-00181072 Didn't give you exactly the right images all the time AQrjBoIW4wo-00401-00181154-00181545 So how do we fix that? And so we want to clean it up. And so AQrjBoIW4wo-00402-00181619-00182149 Combining a human expert with a computer learner is a really good idea almost AQrjBoIW4wo-00403-00182207-00182775 not no-nobody, but very very few people publish on this very very few people teach this but to me AQrjBoIW4wo-00404-00182776-00183147 It's like the most useful skill particularly for you, you know AQrjBoIW4wo-00405-00183148-00183925 Most of the people watching this are domain experts not computer science experts. And so this is where you can use your knowledge of AQrjBoIW4wo-00406-00183998-00184630 You know 'point mutations' in genomics or 'Panamanian buses' or whatever. So, let's see how that would work. AQrjBoIW4wo-00407-00184712-00184880 What I'm going to do is, AQrjBoIW4wo-00408-00184880-00185356 do you remember the .plot(top_losses) from last time where we saw the images which it was, like, AQrjBoIW4wo-00409-00185369-00186022 either the most wrong about or the least confident about we're going to look at those and decide which of those are AQrjBoIW4wo-00410-00186124-00186540 noisy like if you think about it, it's very unlikely that AQrjBoIW4wo-00411-00186637-00187266 If there is some mislabeled data that it's going to be predicted correctly and with high confidence. AQrjBoIW4wo-00412-00187295-00187524 That that's really unlikely to happen. AQrjBoIW4wo-00413-00187524-00188001 So we're going to focus on the on the ones which the model is saying either AQrjBoIW4wo-00414-00188001-00188658 'it's not confident of' or it was 'confident of but it was wrong about'. They are the things which might be mislabeled. AQrjBoIW4wo-00415-00188815-00188996 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00416-00188996-00189303 a big shout-out to the San Francisco AQrjBoIW4wo-00417-00189352-00189966 Fast.ai Study Group who created this new widget this week called the FileDeleter. AQrjBoIW4wo-00418-00190144-00190464 So that's Zach and Jason and Francisco AQrjBoIW4wo-00419-00190583-00191166 Built this thing where we basically can take the top_losses() from that interpretation object AQrjBoIW4wo-00420-00191166-00191652 we just created, right, and then what we're going to do is we're going to say okay that returns AQrjBoIW4wo-00421-00191680-00192255 top losses... there's not just .plot(top_losses), but there's also just .top_losses() and .top_losses() returns two things AQrjBoIW4wo-00422-00192364-00192627 the 'losses' of the things that were the worst AQrjBoIW4wo-00423-00192679-00192829 and the AQrjBoIW4wo-00424-00192829-00193281 Indexes into the data set the things that were the worst and if you don't pass anything at all AQrjBoIW4wo-00425-00193303-00193977 It's going to actually return the entire data set, but sorted, so the first things will be the highest losses. AQrjBoIW4wo-00426-00194135-00194589 As we learned during the course or will keep seeing during the course, every data set AQrjBoIW4wo-00427-00194589-00195006 In Fast.ai has an X and a Y. And the X AQrjBoIW4wo-00428-00195032-00195402 contains the things that are used to, in this case, get the images. AQrjBoIW4wo-00429-00195407-00195768 So this is the image file names and the Y's will be the labels AQrjBoIW4wo-00430-00195769-00196188 So if we grab the indexes and pass them into the data set AQrjBoIW4wo-00431-00196247-00196791 X this is going to give us the file names of the data set AQrjBoIW4wo-00432-00196832-00197112 Ordered by which ones had the highest loss AQrjBoIW4wo-00433-00197128-00197676 so which ones it was either confident and wrong about or not confident about. And AQrjBoIW4wo-00434-00197764-00198312 so we can pass that to this new widget that they've created called the FileDeleter widget AQrjBoIW4wo-00435-00198803-00199161 So just to clarify, this top_loss_paths contains AQrjBoIW4wo-00436-00199228-00199794 all of the file names in our data set and when I say 'in our data set' and this particular one is in our AQrjBoIW4wo-00437-00199808-00200152 validation data set, so what this is going to do is it's going to clean up AQrjBoIW4wo-00438-00200249-00200449 mislabeled AQrjBoIW4wo-00439-00200462-00200709 Images or images that shouldn't be there AQrjBoIW4wo-00440-00200866-00201315 And we're going to remove them from the validation set so that our metrics will be more correct. AQrjBoIW4wo-00441-00201353-00201810 You then need to rerun these two steps replacing .valid_ds with .train_ds, AQrjBoIW4wo-00442-00201829-00202617 to clean up your training set to get the noise out of that as well. So it's a good practice to do both AQrjBoIW4wo-00443-00202673-00203173 We'll talk about test sets later as well. If you also have a test set you would then repeat the same thing. AQrjBoIW4wo-00444-00203222-00203947 So we run FileDeleter() passing in that sorted list of paths. And so what pops up is AQrjBoIW4wo-00445-00204002-00204708 Basically the same thing as plot_top_losses. So in other words, these are the ones which is either wrong about AQrjBoIW4wo-00446-00204770-00205062 Or the least confident about and so, not surprisingly, AQrjBoIW4wo-00447-00205138-00205476 this one here does not appear to be a teddy bear, AQrjBoIW4wo-00448-00205537-00205998 or a black bear or a brown bear. Right? So this shouldn't be in our data set AQrjBoIW4wo-00449-00205998-00206214 So what I do is I whack on the Delete button AQrjBoIW4wo-00450-00206371-00207084 Okay, and all the rest do look, indeed, like bears and then so I can click confirm and it'll bring up another five AQrjBoIW4wo-00451-00207206-00207408 What's that? That's not a bear is it? AQrjBoIW4wo-00452-00207484-00207684 So anybody know what that is? AQrjBoIW4wo-00453-00207739-00208203 I'm going to say that's not a bear. Delete. Confirm. Oh AQrjBoIW4wo-00454-00208448-00209085 Not there. Well, that's a teddy bear I'll leave that. That's not really, I'll get rid of that one. Confirm. AQrjBoIW4wo-00455-00209233-00209874 Okay. So what I tend to do when I do this is I'll keep going Confirm until I get to a couple of screens all AQrjBoIW4wo-00456-00209875-00210471 The things that all look, okay, and that suggests to me that I've kind of got past the worst bits of the data AQrjBoIW4wo-00457-00210503-00210648 Okay, and that's it AQrjBoIW4wo-00458-00210648-00211194 And so now you can go back once you do it for the training set as well and retrain your model. So AQrjBoIW4wo-00459-00211256-00212008 I'll just note here that what our San Francisco study group did here was that they actually built a little app AQrjBoIW4wo-00460-00212096-00212216 inside AQrjBoIW4wo-00461-00212216-00212787 Jupyter notebook, which you might not have realized is possible, but not only is it possible, It's actually AQrjBoIW4wo-00462-00212921-00213534 Surprisingly straightforward and just like everything else you can hit double question mark to find out their secrets AQrjBoIW4wo-00463-00213550-00213792 So here is the source code. Okay, and AQrjBoIW4wo-00464-00213898-00214098 Really if you've done any AQrjBoIW4wo-00465-00214142-00214458 GUI programming before it'll look incredibly AQrjBoIW4wo-00466-00214549-00215310 normal, you know there's there's basically callbacks for what happens when you click on a button where you just do standard Python things and to AQrjBoIW4wo-00467-00215310-00215510 actually render it you just AQrjBoIW4wo-00468-00215554-00216084 use widgets and you can lay it out using standard boxes and whatever so AQrjBoIW4wo-00469-00216146-00216421 It's it this idea of creating AQrjBoIW4wo-00470-00216472-00217122 Applications inside notebooks is like it's really underused but it's super neat because it lets you create AQrjBoIW4wo-00471-00217174-00217374 tools for your fellow AQrjBoIW4wo-00472-00217388-00217728 practitioners to your fellow experimenters, right and you could definitely AQrjBoIW4wo-00473-00217814-00217927 envisage AQrjBoIW4wo-00474-00217927-00218283 Taking this a lot further. In fact by the time you're watching this on the MOOC AQrjBoIW4wo-00475-00218283-00218805 You will probably find that there's a whole lot more buttons here because we've already got a long list of to do that AQrjBoIW4wo-00476-00218805-00218969 We're going to add AQrjBoIW4wo-00477-00218969-00219169 to this particular thing AQrjBoIW4wo-00478-00219382-00219594 So so, that's it so I think like AQrjBoIW4wo-00479-00219740-00220122 I'd love for you to have to think about now that you know, it's possible AQrjBoIW4wo-00480-00220183-00220923 to write applications in your notebook, what are you going to write? And if you google for 'ipywidgets'... AQrjBoIW4wo-00481-00221023-00221223 you can learn about AQrjBoIW4wo-00482-00221248-00221448 the little GUI framework AQrjBoIW4wo-00483-00221500-00221949 To find out what kind of widgets you can creation what they look like and how they work AQrjBoIW4wo-00484-00221986-00222294 and so forth and you'll find it's you know, it's actually a pretty AQrjBoIW4wo-00485-00222367-00222567 You know complete AQrjBoIW4wo-00486-00222586-00223227 GUI programming environment you can play with and this will all work nicely with your models and so forth AQrjBoIW4wo-00487-00223306-00223506 It's not a great way to AQrjBoIW4wo-00488-00223585-00223923 Productionize an application because it is sitting inside a notebook AQrjBoIW4wo-00489-00223940-00224440 This is really for things which are going to help other practitioners other AQrjBoIW4wo-00490-00224509-00224709 experimentalists and so forth for AQrjBoIW4wo-00491-00224752-00224952 productionizing things AQrjBoIW4wo-00492-00224974-00225465 You need to actually build a production web app, which we'll look at next. AQrjBoIW4wo-00493-00225628-00225828 Okay, so AQrjBoIW4wo-00494-00225844-00226200 After you have cleaned up your noisy images AQrjBoIW4wo-00495-00226255-00226674 You can then retrain your model and hopefully you'll find it's a little bit more accurate AQrjBoIW4wo-00496-00226759-00227064 one thing you might be interested to discover when you do this is AQrjBoIW4wo-00497-00227117-00227494 It actually doesn't matter, most of the time, very much, now, AQrjBoIW4wo-00498-00227494-00227919 on the whole, these models are pretty good at dealing with AQrjBoIW4wo-00499-00228041-00228742 moderate amounts of noisy data. The problem would occur is if your data was not randomly noisy, AQrjBoIW4wo-00500-00228754-00228954 but biased noisy, AQrjBoIW4wo-00501-00228973-00229272 So I guess the main thing I'm saying is if you go through this process AQrjBoIW4wo-00502-00229279-00229758 of cleaning up your data and then rerun your model and It's like .001 % better, AQrjBoIW4wo-00503-00229819-00230361 that's normal. Okay, it's fine. But it's still a good idea just to make sure that you don't have too much AQrjBoIW4wo-00504-00230455-00230802 noise in your data in case it is biased. So at this point AQrjBoIW4wo-00505-00230884-00231162 we're ready to put our model in production. And AQrjBoIW4wo-00506-00231229-00231813 this is where I hear a lot of people ask me about you know, which AQrjBoIW4wo-00507-00231919-00232119 mega Google Facebook AQrjBoIW4wo-00508-00232180-00232303 highly AQrjBoIW4wo-00509-00232303-00232950 distributed serving system they should use and how do they use a thousand GPUs at the same time and whatever else, AQrjBoIW4wo-00510-00233063-00233394 For the vast vast vast majority of things that you all do AQrjBoIW4wo-00511-00233494-00233817 You will want to actually run in production on a CPU AQrjBoIW4wo-00512-00233873-00234417 Not a GPU. Why is that? Because the GPU is good at doing lots of things at the same time AQrjBoIW4wo-00513-00234460-00234984 But unless you have a very busy website. It's pretty unlikely that you're going to have 64 AQrjBoIW4wo-00514-00235051-00235446 images to classify at the same time to put into a batch into a GPU AQrjBoIW4wo-00515-00235453-00235653 And if you did you've got to deal with all that AQrjBoIW4wo-00516-00235691-00236217 queuing, and running it all together, all of your users have to wait until that batch has got filled up and run. AQrjBoIW4wo-00517-00236236-00236724 It's a whole lot of hassle, right? And then if you want to scale that there's another whole lot of hassle AQrjBoIW4wo-00518-00236800-00237522 It's much easier if you just wrap one thing throw it at a CPU to get it done and it comes back again AQrjBoIW4wo-00519-00237553-00237753 so yes, it's going to take AQrjBoIW4wo-00520-00237769-00238041 You know, maybe 10 or 20 times longer AQrjBoIW4wo-00521-00238094-00238294 right, so maybe it'll take AQrjBoIW4wo-00522-00238321-00238519 0.2 seconds rather than AQrjBoIW4wo-00523-00238519-00238829 0.01 seconds, that's about the kind of times we talk about AQrjBoIW4wo-00524-00238932-00239527 But it's so easy to scale. All right, you can chuck it on any standard serving infrastructure. It's going to be cheap as hell AQrjBoIW4wo-00525-00239584-00239854 You can horizontally scale it really easily. Okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-00526-00239855-00240581 So most people I know who are running apps that aren't kind of at Google scale based on deep learning are using CPUs AQrjBoIW4wo-00527-00240627-00240841 And the term we use is inference, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00528-00240842-00241348 So when you're running when you're not training a model, but you've got a trained model and you're getting to predict things, AQrjBoIW4wo-00529-00241361-00241738 we call that inference. So that's why we say here 'You probably want to use AQrjBoIW4wo-00530-00241883-00242086 CPUs for inference'. AQrjBoIW4wo-00531-00242183-00242359 So at inference time, AQrjBoIW4wo-00532-00242359-00243121 you've got your pre-trained model, you saved those weights, and how are you going to use them to create something like Simon relations? AQrjBoIW4wo-00533-00243141-00243656 a 'Cougar detector'? Well first thing you're going to need to know is what were the classes AQrjBoIW4wo-00534-00243726-00244232 that you trained with? Right? You need to not know not just what are they, but what were the order? AQrjBoIW4wo-00535-00244242-00244904 Okay, so you will actually need to like serialize that or just type them in or in some way AQrjBoIW4wo-00536-00244904-00245091 make sure you've got exactly the same AQrjBoIW4wo-00537-00245091-00245291 classes that you trained with. AQrjBoIW4wo-00538-00245448-00245777 If you don't have a GPU on your server, AQrjBoIW4wo-00539-00245814-00246029 it will use the CPU automatically. AQrjBoIW4wo-00540-00246057-00246499 If you want to test if you have a GPU machine and you want to test using a CPU AQrjBoIW4wo-00541-00246500-00246838 You can just uncomment this line and that tells First.ai AQrjBoIW4wo-00542-00246894-00247094 that you want to use AQrjBoIW4wo-00543-00247136-00247525 CPU, by passing it back to pytorch. So here's an example, AQrjBoIW4wo-00544-00247605-00247802 we don't have a cougar detector, AQrjBoIW4wo-00545-00247802-00248434 we have a 'teddy bear detector' and my daughter Claire is about to decide whether to cuddle his friend AQrjBoIW4wo-00546-00248434-00248483 Okay AQrjBoIW4wo-00547-00248483-00248553 so AQrjBoIW4wo-00548-00248553-00248761 what she does is she takes AQrjBoIW4wo-00549-00248769-00249326 Daddy's deep learning model and she gets a picture of this, and here's a picture that she's uploaded to the web app, AQrjBoIW4wo-00550-00249351-00249605 okay, and here's a picture of the AQrjBoIW4wo-00551-00249671-00249871 potentially cuddlesome object, AQrjBoIW4wo-00552-00249888-00250130 And so we're going to store that in a variable called 'img' AQrjBoIW4wo-00553-00250130-00250508 So open_image() is how you open an image in fastai, oddly enough, AQrjBoIW4wo-00554-00250701-00250996 Here is that list of classes that we saved earlier AQrjBoIW4wo-00555-00251079-00251362 And so as per usual we created a DataBunch, AQrjBoIW4wo-00556-00251408-00251854 but this time we're not going to create a DataBunch from a folder full of images, AQrjBoIW4wo-00557-00251955-00252563 we're going to create a special kind of DataBunch, which is one that's going to grab one single image at a time AQrjBoIW4wo-00558-00252596-00252827 So we're not actually passing it any data. AQrjBoIW4wo-00559-00252867-00253451 The only reason we pass it a path is so that it knows where to load our model from, right? That's just the path AQrjBoIW4wo-00560-00253451-00253652 that's the folder that the model is going to be in. AQrjBoIW4wo-00561-00253761-00254245 But what we do need to do is that we need to pass it the same information that we trained with. So the same AQrjBoIW4wo-00562-00254267-00254675 transforms, the same size, the same normalization. This is all stuff AQrjBoIW4wo-00563-00254675-00255191 we'll learn more about, but just make sure it's the same stuff that you used before. And so now you've got a DataBunch AQrjBoIW4wo-00564-00255216-00255475 that actually doesn't have any data in it at all. AQrjBoIW4wo-00565-00255486-00255757 It's just something that knows how to transform AQrjBoIW4wo-00566-00255792-00256244 a new image in the same way that you trained with so that you can now do inference. AQrjBoIW4wo-00567-00256326-00256942 So you can now create a CNN with this kind of fake DataBunch. And again, you would use exactly the same AQrjBoIW4wo-00568-00257001-00257722 model that you trained with, you can now load in those saved weights, okay? And so, this is the stuff that you do once, AQrjBoIW4wo-00569-00257796-00258367 just once when your web app's starting up, okay, and it takes you know, 0.1 of a second to run this code. And AQrjBoIW4wo-00570-00258423-00258646 then, you just go learn.predict() AQrjBoIW4wo-00571-00258746-00259466 learn.predict(img), and it's lucky we did that because it is not a teddy bear. This is actually a black bear so, thankfully, AQrjBoIW4wo-00572-00259521-00259721 due to this AQrjBoIW4wo-00573-00259773-00260470 excellent deep learning model, my daughter will avoid having a very embarrassing black bear cuddle incident. AQrjBoIW4wo-00574-00260601-00260712 So, AQrjBoIW4wo-00575-00260712-00260912 what does this look like in production? AQrjBoIW4wo-00576-00260946-00261611 Well, I took Simon Willison's code and shamelessly stole it, made it probably a little bit worse, AQrjBoIW4wo-00577-00261714-00262514 And but basically it's going to look something like this. So Simon used a really cool web app toolkit called Starlette, if you've ever used AQrjBoIW4wo-00578-00262569-00262856 Flask, this will look extremely similar, but it's kind of a more AQrjBoIW4wo-00579-00262953-00263261 modern approach. By 'modern' what I really mean is that AQrjBoIW4wo-00580-00263346-00263968 You can use 'await()'. It's basically means that you can wait for something that takes a while AQrjBoIW4wo-00581-00264060-00264287 Such as grabbing some data, AQrjBoIW4wo-00582-00264369-00264995 without using up a process. So for things like 'I want to get a prediction' or 'I want to load up some data' or whatever AQrjBoIW4wo-00583-00265029-00265229 It's really great to be able to use this AQrjBoIW4wo-00584-00265257-00265504 modern Python 3 asynchronous stuff. AQrjBoIW4wo-00585-00265577-00266231 So Starlette would come highly recommended for creating your web app. And so yeah, you just create a AQrjBoIW4wo-00586-00266313-00266726 route as per usual in a web app, and in that AQrjBoIW4wo-00587-00266934-00267469 you say this is 'async' to ensure that it doesn't steal the process while it's waiting for things. AQrjBoIW4wo-00588-00267536-00268294 You open your image, you call .predict() and you return that response and then you can use, you know, AQrjBoIW4wo-00589-00268295-00269014 whatever, JavaScript client or whatever to to show it. And that's it. That's basically the the main AQrjBoIW4wo-00590-00269100-00269277 contents of your web app. AQrjBoIW4wo-00591-00269277-00269477 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00592-00269541-00270101 Give it a go, right? You know this week even if you've never created a web application before, AQrjBoIW4wo-00593-00270192-00270677 there's a lot of you know, nice little tutorials online, and kind of starter code AQrjBoIW4wo-00594-00270798-00271144 you know, if in doubt, why don't you try Starlette? There's a AQrjBoIW4wo-00595-00271197-00271813 free hosting that you can use there's one called 'PythonAnywhere', for example. AQrjBoIW4wo-00596-00271896-00272384 The one that Simon's used (we'll mention that on the forum) it's something you can basically package it up as a docker AQrjBoIW4wo-00597-00272435-00272716 thing and shoot it off and it'll serve it up for you. AQrjBoIW4wo-00598-00272745-00273020 So it doesn't even need to cost you any money. And so all these AQrjBoIW4wo-00599-00273161-00273709 classifiers that you're creating, you can turn them into web applications. So I'll be really interested to see AQrjBoIW4wo-00600-00273858-00274235 what you're able to make of that. That will be really fun. AQrjBoIW4wo-00601-00274446-00274775 Okay, so let's take a break we'll come back at AQrjBoIW4wo-00602-00274926-00275103 7:35. AQrjBoIW4wo-00603-00275103-00275303 See you then. AQrjBoIW4wo-00604-00275631-00276298 Okay. So let's move on. AQrjBoIW4wo-00605-00276684-00276884 So I mentioned that AQrjBoIW4wo-00606-00277038-00277421 most of the time, the kind of rules of thumb I've shown you AQrjBoIW4wo-00607-00277488-00277940 will probably work and if you look at the 'Share Your Work' thread AQrjBoIW4wo-00608-00277940-00278498 you'll find most of the time people are posting things saying "I downloaded these images, I tried this thing.." AQrjBoIW4wo-00609-00278589-00278831 "...They worked much better than expected." Well, that's cool. AQrjBoIW4wo-00610-00278905-00279208 And then like 1 out of 20 says, like, "Ah,..." AQrjBoIW4wo-00611-00279275-00279475 "I had a problem." AQrjBoIW4wo-00612-00279491-00279784 So let's have a talk about what happens when you have a problem. AQrjBoIW4wo-00613-00279784-00280132 And this is where we're gonna start getting into a little bit of theory AQrjBoIW4wo-00614-00280148-00280501 because in order to understand why we have these problems and how we fix them, AQrjBoIW4wo-00615-00280501-00281050 it really helps to know a little bit about what's going on. So first of all, let's look at examples of some problems. AQrjBoIW4wo-00616-00281144-00281449 The problems basically will be either AQrjBoIW4wo-00617-00281498-00282046 "your learning rate is too high or low" or "your number of epochs is too high or low". AQrjBoIW4wo-00618-00282056-00282712 So we're going to learn about what those mean and why they matter but first of all, because we're experimentalists, AQrjBoIW4wo-00619-00282713-00283402 let's try them. All right? So let's go with our teddy bear detector and let's make our learning rate AQrjBoIW4wo-00620-00283440-00284023 really high. The default learning rate is 0.003 that works most of the time, AQrjBoIW4wo-00621-00284054-00284521 so what if we try a learning rate of 0.5? That's huge! What happens? AQrjBoIW4wo-00622-00284624-00284824 Our validation loss AQrjBoIW4wo-00623-00284849-00285049 gets pretty damn high. AQrjBoIW4wo-00624-00285068-00285460 Remember, this is normally something that's underneath 1, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00625-00285460-00286066 So if you see your validation loss do that, right? Before we even learn what validation loss is, just AQrjBoIW4wo-00626-00286097-00286561 know this: if it does that, your learning rate's too high. That's all you need to know. Okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-00627-00286665-00286815 Make it lower. AQrjBoIW4wo-00628-00286815-00287182 Doesn't matter how many epochs you do. And if this happens, AQrjBoIW4wo-00629-00287225-00287701 there's no way to undo this you have to go back and create your neural net again and AQrjBoIW4wo-00630-00287747-00288127 .fit() from scratch with a lower learning rate. So that's "Learning rate (LR) too high". AQrjBoIW4wo-00631-00288242-00288442 "Learning rate too low"... AQrjBoIW4wo-00632-00288509-00288709 What if we use a learning rate not of AQrjBoIW4wo-00633-00288809-00289057 0.003 but 1e-5, so AQrjBoIW4wo-00634-00289301-00289501 0.00001, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00635-00289625-00290092 So this is just I've just copied and pasted what happened when we trained before with a default error AQrjBoIW4wo-00636-00290117-00290428 Right now without default learning rate and within one epoch AQrjBoIW4wo-00637-00290428-00291130 we were down to a 2 or 3% error rate. With this really low learning rate, our error rate does get better, AQrjBoIW4wo-00638-00291189-00291440 but very very slowly. AQrjBoIW4wo-00639-00291524-00291934 Right? And you can plot it. If you go to learn.recorder() is AQrjBoIW4wo-00640-00291971-00292249 an object which is going to keep track of lots of things AQrjBoIW4wo-00641-00292271-00292676 happening while you train. You can call .plot_losses() to print to plot out the AQrjBoIW4wo-00642-00292740-00293432 validation and training loss and you can just see them just like gradually going down so slow, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00643-00293432-00293959 So if you see that happening, then you have a learning rate which is too small. AQrjBoIW4wo-00644-00294018-00294404 Okay? So bump it up by 10 or bump it up by 100 and try again. AQrjBoIW4wo-00645-00294591-00295121 The other thing you'll see if your learning rate is too small is that your training loss AQrjBoIW4wo-00646-00295188-00295475 will be higher than your validation loss. AQrjBoIW4wo-00647-00295617-00296239 You never want a model where your training loss is higher than your validation loss. AQrjBoIW4wo-00648-00296271-00296900 That always means you haven't fitted enough which means either your learning rate is too low AQrjBoIW4wo-00649-00296979-00297391 or your number of epochs is too low. So if you have a model like that, AQrjBoIW4wo-00650-00297498-00297967 train it some more or train it with a higher learning rate. Okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-00651-00298275-00298741 "Too few epochs". So what if we train for just one epoch? AQrjBoIW4wo-00652-00298875-00299129 Our error rate certainly better than random, AQrjBoIW4wo-00653-00299244-00300013 5%. But look at this. The difference between training loss and validation loss. The training loss is much higher than the validation loss. So AQrjBoIW4wo-00654-00300126-00300658 too few epochs and too low a learning rate look very similar, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00655-00300658-00300988 And so you can just try running more epochs and if it's taking forever AQrjBoIW4wo-00656-00300989-00301493 you can try a higher learning rate. Where we try a higher learning rate and the loss goes off to AQrjBoIW4wo-00657-00301551-00302102 100,000 million then put it back to where it was and try a few more epochs. That's the balance, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00658-00302102-00302350 That's basically all you care about AQrjBoIW4wo-00659-00302435-00302872 99% of the time. And this is only the one in 20 times that the defaults don't work for you. AQrjBoIW4wo-00660-00303054-00303577 Okay, "Too many epochs" (we're going to be talking more about this) create something called "overfitting". AQrjBoIW4wo-00661-00303651-00303889 If you train for too long, as we're going to learn about, AQrjBoIW4wo-00662-00303948-00304529 it will learn to recognize your particular teddy bears, but not teddy bears in general. AQrjBoIW4wo-00663-00304572-00305113 Here's the thing: Despite what you may have heard, it's very hard to overfit with deep learning. AQrjBoIW4wo-00664-00305148-00305638 So we were trying today to show you an example of overfitting and I turned off AQrjBoIW4wo-00665-00305691-00305938 And I turned off everything. AQrjBoIW4wo-00666-00306011-00306784 I turned (we're going to learn all about these terms soon), I turned off all the data augmentation, I turned off dropout, AQrjBoIW4wo-00667-00306788-00307096 I turned off weight decay, I tried to make it over fit as much as I can, AQrjBoIW4wo-00668-00307107-00307522 I trained it on a small-ish earning rate, I trained it for a really long time AQrjBoIW4wo-00669-00307611-00307728 and AQrjBoIW4wo-00670-00307728-00308159 like maybe I started to get it to overfit, maybe. But AQrjBoIW4wo-00671-00308430-00308630 So the only thing that AQrjBoIW4wo-00672-00308685-00309148 tells you that you're overfitting is that the error rate improves for a while and AQrjBoIW4wo-00673-00309222-00309422 then starts getting worse again. AQrjBoIW4wo-00674-00309585-00310316 You will see a lot of people, even people that claim to understand machine learning, tell you that if your AQrjBoIW4wo-00675-00310395-00310572 training loss is AQrjBoIW4wo-00676-00310572-00310916 lower than your validation loss then you are overfitting. As AQrjBoIW4wo-00677-00310977-00311387 you will learn today in more detail, and during the rest of the course, that is absolutely not true. AQrjBoIW4wo-00678-00311469-00312199 Any model is trained correctly will always have training loss lower than validation loss. That is not a sign of overfitting. AQrjBoIW4wo-00679-00312200-00312551 That is not a sign you've done something wrong. That is a sign you have done something right. AQrjBoIW4wo-00680-00312603-00312756 Okay. AQrjBoIW4wo-00681-00312756-00313364 The sign that you are overfitting is that your error starts getting worse, because that's what you care about, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00682-00313364-00313564 You want your model to have a low error? AQrjBoIW4wo-00683-00313602-00314275 So as long as your training and your model error is improving, you are not overfitting. How could you be? Okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-00684-00314361-00314770 So there's basically the four possible, they're the main four things that can go wrong. AQrjBoIW4wo-00685-00314771-00315476 There are some other details that we will learn about during the rest of this course, but honestly, if you stopped listening now, AQrjBoIW4wo-00686-00315531-00316091 (please don't, that would be embarrassing) and you just, like "Okay. I'm going to go and download images..." AQrjBoIW4wo-00687-00316091-00316466 "...I'm going to create CNNs with resnet34 or resnet50..." AQrjBoIW4wo-00688-00316470-00316763 "...I'm going to make sure that my learning rate and number of epochs is okay,..." AQrjBoIW4wo-00689-00316763-00317117 "and then I'm going to chuck them up in a in a Starlette Web API." AQrjBoIW4wo-00690-00317283-00317609 Most of the time, you're done. Okay? At least for computer vision. AQrjBoIW4wo-00691-00317754-00318094 Hopefully you'll stick around because you want to learn about NLP and AQrjBoIW4wo-00692-00318159-00318706 collaborative filtering and tabular data and segmentation and stuff like that as well. AQrjBoIW4wo-00693-00319086-00319286 Let's now understand AQrjBoIW4wo-00694-00319332-00319544 what's actually going on? What does it mean? AQrjBoIW4wo-00695-00319623-00320087 'Loss' mean? What does an 'epoch' mean? What does 'learning rate' mean? AQrjBoIW4wo-00696-00320087-00320546 Because for you to really understand these ideas you need to know what's going on AQrjBoIW4wo-00697-00320546-00320986 and so we're going to go all the way to the other side rather than creating a AQrjBoIW4wo-00698-00321099-00321243 state-of-the-art AQrjBoIW4wo-00699-00321243-00321640 'cougar detector', we're going to go back and create the simplest possible AQrjBoIW4wo-00700-00321723-00321989 linear model. Okay? So AQrjBoIW4wo-00701-00322077-00322295 we're going to actually start seeing AQrjBoIW4wo-00702-00322611-00322991 We're actually going to start seeing a little bit of math. AQrjBoIW4wo-00703-00323043-00323519 Okay? But don't be turned off. It's okay, right? We're going to do a little bit of math, AQrjBoIW4wo-00704-00323519-00323836 but it's going to be totally fine, even if math's not your thing. AQrjBoIW4wo-00705-00323931-00324223 Because the first thing we're going to realize is that when we see a picture AQrjBoIW4wo-00706-00324276-00324677 Like this number eight. It's actually just a bunch of numbers. AQrjBoIW4wo-00707-00324738-00325483 It's a matrix of numbers. For this grayscale one, it's a matrix of numbers, if it was a color image, it would be AQrjBoIW4wo-00708-00325665-00326146 have a third dimension. So when you add an extra dimension, we call it a 'tensor' rather than a matrix. AQrjBoIW4wo-00709-00326147-00326543 It would be a 3D tensor of numbers: red, green, and blue. AQrjBoIW4wo-00710-00326862-00327062 So when we created that AQrjBoIW4wo-00711-00327132-00327321 teddy bear detector, AQrjBoIW4wo-00712-00327321-00327800 what we actually did was we created a mathematical function that took the numbers AQrjBoIW4wo-00713-00327828-00328372 from the images of the teddy bears and the mathematical function converted those numbers AQrjBoIW4wo-00714-00328425-00328625 into, in our case, AQrjBoIW4wo-00715-00328686-00329347 three numbers. A number for the probability that it's a teddy, a probability that it's a grizzly, and the probability is a black bear AQrjBoIW4wo-00716-00329379-00329487 In this case, AQrjBoIW4wo-00717-00329487-00330100 there's some hypothetical function that's taking the pixels representing a handwritten digit and returning ten AQrjBoIW4wo-00718-00330144-00330370 numbers. The probability for each AQrjBoIW4wo-00719-00330456-00330648 possible outcome: AQrjBoIW4wo-00720-00330648-00331118 the numbers from 0 to 9. And so what you'll often see in AQrjBoIW4wo-00721-00331254-00331631 in our code and other deep learning code is that AQrjBoIW4wo-00722-00331659-00332261 you'll find a bunch of probabilities and then you'll find something called .max or .arg_max AQrjBoIW4wo-00723-00332376-00332762 attached to it a function called, and so what that function is doing is it's saying AQrjBoIW4wo-00724-00332811-00333392 find the highest number (the highest probability) and tell me what the index is. AQrjBoIW4wo-00725-00333416-00333968 So np.arg_max or torch.arg_max of this array would return AQrjBoIW4wo-00726-00334056-00334670 this number here. Okay, we return index "8". That makes sense? In fact, AQrjBoIW4wo-00727-00334770-00334941 Let's try it. AQrjBoIW4wo-00728-00334941-00335064 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00729-00335064-00335425 we know that the function to predict something is AQrjBoIW4wo-00730-00335493-00336100 called learn.predict() AQrjBoIW4wo-00731-00336135-00336580 Okay, so we can check: two question marks before it or after it to get the source code, AQrjBoIW4wo-00732-00336738-00336952 And here it is, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00733-00337047-00337408 pred equals res (result).argmax() and AQrjBoIW4wo-00734-00337476-00337895 then, what is the class? Well you just pass that into the classes array. AQrjBoIW4wo-00735-00337895-00338389 So like you should find that the source code in the fastai library can both kind of AQrjBoIW4wo-00736-00338598-00339169 strengthen your understanding of the concepts and make sure that you know, you know what's going on and and really help you here. AQrjBoIW4wo-00737-00339258-00339458 You've got a question. Come on over. AQrjBoIW4wo-00738-00339888-00340525 Q: "Can we have a definition of the error rate being discussed and how it is calculated? I assume it's cross validation error." AQrjBoIW4wo-00739-00340785-00340917 Sure AQrjBoIW4wo-00740-00340917-00341474 So one way to answer the question of 'How is error rate calculated?' would be to type AQrjBoIW4wo-00741-00341565-00342116 'error_rate??' (question mark) and look at the source code. And it is AQrjBoIW4wo-00742-00342177-00342623 "1 - accuracy". Fair enough. And so then a question might be 'What is accuracy?" AQrjBoIW4wo-00743-00342786-00342915 accuracy?? (question mark) AQrjBoIW4wo-00744-00343068-00343260 It is argmax. AQrjBoIW4wo-00745-00343260-00343310 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00746-00343310-00344008 we now know that means 'find out which particular thing it is' and then look at how often that equals the target. AQrjBoIW4wo-00747-00344009-00344557 So in other words the actual value and take the mean. So that's basically what it is. AQrjBoIW4wo-00748-00344613-00344875 And so then the question is, okay, well, what does that being applied to? AQrjBoIW4wo-00749-00344952-00345123 and AQrjBoIW4wo-00750-00345123-00345323 always in fastai, AQrjBoIW4wo-00751-00345408-00346141 metrics (so these things that we pass in, we call them metrics) are always going to be applied to the validation set. AQrjBoIW4wo-00752-00346173-00346298 Okay AQrjBoIW4wo-00753-00346298-00346858 So anytime you put a metric here, it'll be applied to the validation set because that's your best practice, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00754-00346858-00347290 That's like, that's what you always want to do, is make sure that you're checking your AQrjBoIW4wo-00755-00347424-00347968 performance on data that your model hasn't seen and we'll be learning more about the validation set shortly. AQrjBoIW4wo-00756-00348153-00348385 Remember, you can also type AQrjBoIW4wo-00757-00348474-00348621 doc(term-to-look-up) AQrjBoIW4wo-00758-00348621-00348835 If the source code is not what you want AQrjBoIW4wo-00759-00348835-00349609 which it might not well be, you actually want the documentation. That will both give you a summary of the types in and AQrjBoIW4wo-00760-00349641-00350069 out of the function and a link to the full AQrjBoIW4wo-00761-00350145-00350402 documentation where you can find out all about AQrjBoIW4wo-00762-00350514-00350900 how metrics work, and what other metrics there are and so forth. AQrjBoIW4wo-00763-00350981-00351478 And generally speaking you'll also find links to more information. AQrjBoIW4wo-00764-00351611-00352168 Where, for example, you will find complete runs through and sample code and so forth showing you how to use all these things AQrjBoIW4wo-00765-00352188-00352754 So don't forget that the doc() function is your friend. Okay? And AQrjBoIW4wo-00766-00352856-00353656 also in the documentation both in the doc function and in the documentation, you'll see a source link. This is like ??, AQrjBoIW4wo-00767-00353724-00354334 but what the source link does is it takes you into the exact line of code in github. AQrjBoIW4wo-00768-00354356-00354814 So you can see exactly how that's implemented, and what else is around it so lots of good stuff there. AQrjBoIW4wo-00769-00355157-00355792 Q. Why were you using 3s for your learning rates earlier with 3e-5 and 3e-4? AQrjBoIW4wo-00770-00356154-00356354 We found that AQrjBoIW4wo-00771-00356445-00357034 3e-3 is just a really good default learning rate. It works most of the time. AQrjBoIW4wo-00772-00357147-00357353 For your initial fine-tuning, AQrjBoIW4wo-00773-00357429-00357591 before you unfreeze. AQrjBoIW4wo-00774-00357591-00358274 And then I tend to kind of just multiply from there. So I generally find then that the the next stage AQrjBoIW4wo-00775-00358277-00358505 I will pick ten times lower than that AQrjBoIW4wo-00776-00358515-00359018 for the second part of the slice and whatever the LR_finder() found for the first part of the slice. AQrjBoIW4wo-00777-00359227-00359498 The second part of the slice doesn't come from the LR_finder(), AQrjBoIW4wo-00778-00359499-00360140 it's just a rule of thumb which is like 10 times less than your your first part which defaults to 3e-3, AQrjBoIW4wo-00779-00360202-00360773 and then the first part of the slice is what comes out of the LR_finder() and we'll be learning a lot more about these AQrjBoIW4wo-00780-00360805-00360964 learning rate details AQrjBoIW4wo-00781-00360964-00361181 both today and in the coming lessons. AQrjBoIW4wo-00782-00361216-00361913 But yeah for now all you need to remember is that in your you know, your basic approach looked like this it was AQrjBoIW4wo-00783-00361980-00362225 learn.fit_one_cycle(), AQrjBoIW4wo-00784-00362323-00363062 some number of epochs (I often pick four) and some learning rate which defaults to 3e-3. AQrjBoIW4wo-00785-00363159-00363743 I'll just type it up fully so you can see, and then we do that for a bit and then we unfreeze it, AQrjBoIW4wo-00786-00363838-00364089 right? And then we learn some more AQrjBoIW4wo-00787-00364165-00364596 and so this is a bit where I just take whatever I did last time and AQrjBoIW4wo-00788-00364702-00364879 divide it by 10, AQrjBoIW4wo-00789-00364879-00365079 and then I also... AQrjBoIW4wo-00790-00365173-00365465 Right? Like that? And then I have to put one more number in AQrjBoIW4wo-00791-00365596-00366137 here...and that's the number that I get from the learning_rate_finder a bit where it's got the strongest slope. AQrjBoIW4wo-00792-00366138-00366333 So that's kind of the AQrjBoIW4wo-00793-00366333-00366911 Kind of "don't have to think about it, don't really have to know what's going on" Rule of Thumb that works most of the time. AQrjBoIW4wo-00794-00367189-00367610 But let's now dig in and actually understand it more completely. AQrjBoIW4wo-00795-00367785-00368576 So we're going to create this mathematical function that takes the numbers that represent the pixels and spits out probabilities for each possible [?] AQrjBoIW4wo-00796-00368661-00369239 And by the way, a lot of the stuff that we're using here, we are stealing from other people who are awesome, AQrjBoIW4wo-00797-00369240-00369488 and so we are putting their details here. AQrjBoIW4wo-00798-00369489-00370128 So like, please check out their work because they've got great work that we are highlighting in our course. AQrjBoIW4wo-00799-00370179-00370324 I AQrjBoIW4wo-00800-00370324-00370524 really like this idea of this little AQrjBoIW4wo-00801-00370540-00371001 animated gif of the numbers. So thank you to Adam Geitgey for creating that. And AQrjBoIW4wo-00802-00371089-00371289 I guess that was probably on AQrjBoIW4wo-00803-00371326-00371768 Quora by the looks of this...Medium, oh, yes, it was - that terrific Medium post AQrjBoIW4wo-00804-00371769-00372102 I remember. I've had a whole series of Medium posts AQrjBoIW4wo-00805-00372281-00372481 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00806-00372551-00372751 So, let's look and see AQrjBoIW4wo-00807-00372902-00373173 how we create one of these functions. AQrjBoIW4wo-00808-00373310-00373499 And AQrjBoIW4wo-00809-00373499-00373855 let's start with the simplest function I know, AQrjBoIW4wo-00810-00374147-00374917 "y = ax + b". Okay. That's a line, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00811-00375323-00375476 That's a line. AQrjBoIW4wo-00812-00375476-00376077 And the gradient of the line is here and the intercept of the line AQrjBoIW4wo-00813-00376145-00376345 is here? Okay, so hopefully, AQrjBoIW4wo-00814-00376385-00376692 when we said that you need to know high school math to do this course AQrjBoIW4wo-00815-00376721-00377251 these are the things we're assuming that you remember. If we do kind of mention some math thing AQrjBoIW4wo-00816-00377251-00377635 which I'm assuming you remember and you don't remember it, don't freak out, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00817-00377765-00377965 Happens to all of us. AQrjBoIW4wo-00818-00378011-00378408 Khan Academy is actually terrific. It's not just for school kids. Go to Khan Academy, AQrjBoIW4wo-00819-00378485-00379152 find the concept you need a refresher on and he explains things really. Well, so strongly recommend AQrjBoIW4wo-00820-00379238-00379438 checking that out. AQrjBoIW4wo-00821-00379517-00379744 You know, remember I'm just a philosophy student, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00822-00379744-00380275 So I, all the time, am trying to either remind myself about something or I never learnt something and so AQrjBoIW4wo-00823-00380324-00380541 we have the whole Internet to teach us these things. AQrjBoIW4wo-00824-00380636-00380836 So I'm going to rewrite this slightly AQrjBoIW4wo-00825-00381065-00381830 y = a1 x + a2 AQrjBoIW4wo-00826-00381848-00382315 So let's just replace b with a2, just give it a different name. Okay. AQrjBoIW4wo-00827-00382334-00383070 So there's another way of saying the same thing. Another way of saying that would be if I could multiply a2 AQrjBoIW4wo-00828-00383243-00383659 by the number 1, okay, this still is the same thing, okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-00829-00383738-00383858 and AQrjBoIW4wo-00830-00383858-00384627 So now at this point I'm actually going to say let's not put the number 1 there but let's put an x1 here AQrjBoIW4wo-00831-00384686-00385377 And an x2 here and I'll say x2 equals 1 okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-00832-00385378-00385731 So far, this is, you know, this is pretty early high school math AQrjBoIW4wo-00833-00385731-00386325 This is multiplying by 1 which I think we can handle, okay? So these two are equivalent, AQrjBoIW4wo-00834-00386386-00386586 with a bit of renaming. AQrjBoIW4wo-00835-00386626-00386788 Now, in AQrjBoIW4wo-00836-00386788-00386965 machine learning, AQrjBoIW4wo-00837-00386965-00387603 we don't just have one equation, we've got lots, right? So if we've got some data that AQrjBoIW4wo-00838-00387676-00387876 represents AQrjBoIW4wo-00839-00388018-00388710 the temperature versus the number of ice creams sold, AQrjBoIW4wo-00840-00389086-00389286 then we kind of have lots of dots. AQrjBoIW4wo-00841-00389363-00389527 And, AQrjBoIW4wo-00842-00389527-00389829 so, each one of those dots, we might hypothesize, AQrjBoIW4wo-00843-00389854-00390244 you know, is based on this formula AQrjBoIW4wo-00844-00390244-00390423 "y = a1x1 + a2x2" AQrjBoIW4wo-00845-00390436-00390693 all right? And so basically there's lots of AQrjBoIW4wo-00846-00390784-00390949 (so this is our Y), AQrjBoIW4wo-00847-00390949-00391048 (this is our X)... AQrjBoIW4wo-00848-00391048-00391374 there's lots of values of y so we can stick a little "i" here and AQrjBoIW4wo-00849-00391411-00391803 There's lots of values of x so we can stick a little "x" here, okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-00850-00391828-00392139 So the way we kind of do that is a lot like numpy AQrjBoIW4wo-00851-00392167-00392775 indexing, right? But rather than things in square brackets with pytorch indexing, we kind of put them AQrjBoIW4wo-00852-00392833-00393033 down here in AQrjBoIW4wo-00853-00393226-00393400 our AQrjBoIW4wo-00854-00393400-00394089 kind of in the subscript of our equation. Ok? So this is now saying there's actually lots of these different y(i)s AQrjBoIW4wo-00855-00394141-00394284 based on lots of different AQrjBoIW4wo-00856-00394284-00394890 x(i1) and x(i2), ok? But notice there's only this is still only one of each of these. AQrjBoIW4wo-00857-00394890-00395090 So these things here are AQrjBoIW4wo-00858-00395131-00395296 called the AQrjBoIW4wo-00859-00395296-00395535 "coefficients", or the "parameters". AQrjBoIW4wo-00860-00395647-00395788 So AQrjBoIW4wo-00861-00395788-00396183 this is our linear equation, and this is still, we're going to say that AQrjBoIW4wo-00862-00396382-00396888 every x(i2) is equal to 1, ok? Why did I do it that way? AQrjBoIW4wo-00863-00396961-00397665 Because I want to do linear algebra. Why do I want to do in linear algebra? Well one reason is because AQrjBoIW4wo-00864-00397717-00397977 Rachel teaches the world's best linear algebra course. AQrjBoIW4wo-00865-00398029-00398805 So if you're interested check out 'Computational Linear Algebra for Coders', so it's a good opportunity for me to throw in a pitch for this AQrjBoIW4wo-00866-00398950-00399150 free course, which we make no money, but never mind AQrjBoIW4wo-00867-00399286-00399688 But more to the point right now, it's going to make life much easier, AQrjBoIW4wo-00868-00399740-00400186 right? Because I hate writing loops. I hate writing code, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-00869-00400186-00400582 I just want the computer to do everything for me. At anytime AQrjBoIW4wo-00870-00400582-00400990 you see like these little "i" subscripts, that sounds like you're going to have to do loops and all kind of stuff, AQrjBoIW4wo-00871-00401015-00401671 but, what you might remember, from school, is that when you've got like two things being multiplied together, AQrjBoIW4wo-00872-00401711-00402097 two things being multiplied together, and then they get added up, that's called a AQrjBoIW4wo-00873-00402152-00402335 "dot product", AQrjBoIW4wo-00874-00402335-00402535 and AQrjBoIW4wo-00875-00402569-00402955 then if you do that for lots and lots of different numbers "i", AQrjBoIW4wo-00876-00403043-00403312 then that's called a "matrix product". AQrjBoIW4wo-00877-00403382-00403669 So, in fact, this whole thing can be written like this. AQrjBoIW4wo-00878-00403724-00404008 Rather than lots of different y(i)s, we can say there's one vector, AQrjBoIW4wo-00879-00404069-00404246 called 'y', AQrjBoIW4wo-00880-00404246-00404446 which is equal to AQrjBoIW4wo-00881-00404495-00404962 one matrix called "X" times one vector AQrjBoIW4wo-00882-00405110-00405310 called "a". AQrjBoIW4wo-00883-00405323-00405970 Now at this point, I know a lot of you don't remember that. So that's fine, we have a picture AQrjBoIW4wo-00884-00406085-00406285 to show you. AQrjBoIW4wo-00885-00406292-00407032 I don't know who created this. So now I do, somebody called Andre Stouts, created this fantastic thing called "matrixmultiplication.xyz" and AQrjBoIW4wo-00886-00407099-00408160 here we have a matrix by a vector and we're going to do a "matrix vector product". Go! Pshoo... AQrjBoIW4wo-00887-00408215-00408442 That times that times that, plus plus plus. That AQrjBoIW4wo-00888-00408458-00408790 times that times that, plus plus plus. That times that times that, plus plus plus. AQrjBoIW4wo-00889-00408974-00409414 Finished! That is what matrix vector multiplication does. AQrjBoIW4wo-00890-00409484-00409684 In other words, AQrjBoIW4wo-00891-00409692-00409877 It's just that. AQrjBoIW4wo-00892-00409877-00410077 Except his version is much less messy. AQrjBoIW4wo-00893-00410432-00411160 Okay. So. This is actually an excellent spot to have a little break and find out what questions we have coming through our students. AQrjBoIW4wo-00894-00411192-00411392 What are they asking, Rachel? AQrjBoIW4wo-00895-00411525-00411976 Q. When generating new image data set, how do you know how many images are enough? AQrjBoIW4wo-00896-00412052-00412252 What are ways to measure "enough"? AQrjBoIW4wo-00897-00412296-00412828 Yeah, that's a great question. So, another possible problem you have is you don't have enough data. AQrjBoIW4wo-00898-00412907-00413107 How do you know if you don't have enough data? AQrjBoIW4wo-00899-00413240-00413440 Because you found a good learning rate, AQrjBoIW4wo-00900-00413442-00413975 (because if you make it higher, then it goes off into massive losses, if you make it lower it goes really slowly)... AQrjBoIW4wo-00901-00413975-00414175 so you've got a good learning rate, and AQrjBoIW4wo-00902-00414213-00414709 then you train for such a long time that your error starts getting worse, AQrjBoIW4wo-00903-00414779-00415231 Okay? So, you know that you've trained for long enough. And you're still not happy with the accuracy. AQrjBoIW4wo-00904-00415232-00415516 It's not good enough for the, you know, AQrjBoIW4wo-00905-00415643-00416023 the 'Teddy-bear cuddling level' of safety you want. So, if that happens AQrjBoIW4wo-00906-00416114-00416314 there's a number of things you can do AQrjBoIW4wo-00907-00416339-00416914 and we'll learn about some of them during, er, pretty much all of them, during this course, but one of the easiest ones is: AQrjBoIW4wo-00908-00416975-00417082 Get more data. AQrjBoIW4wo-00909-00417082-00417796 If you get more data, then you can train for longer, get a higher accuracy, lower error rate - without overfitting. AQrjBoIW4wo-00910-00418079-00418576 Unfortunately, there's no shortcut. I wish there was. I wish there was some way to know ahead of time, how much data you need. AQrjBoIW4wo-00911-00418628-00418996 But I will say this; most of the time you need less data than you think. So AQrjBoIW4wo-00912-00419072-00419554 organizations very commonly spend too much time gathering data getting more data than it turned out AQrjBoIW4wo-00913-00419555-00419860 they actually needed. So get a small amount first and see how you go. AQrjBoIW4wo-00914-00420021-00420760 Q. What do you do if you have unbalanced classes such as 200 Grizzlies and 50 Teddies? A. Uh, AQrjBoIW4wo-00915-00420797-00421381 nothing. Try it. It works. A lot of people ask this question about how do I deal with unbalanced data? AQrjBoIW4wo-00916-00421448-00421648 I've done lots of AQrjBoIW4wo-00917-00421661-00422290 analysis with unbalanced data over the last couple of years and I just can't make it not work. It always works. So AQrjBoIW4wo-00918-00422510-00422688 there's a there's actually a paper, AQrjBoIW4wo-00919-00422688-00423148 that said, like, if you want to get it slightly better then the best thing to do is to take that AQrjBoIW4wo-00920-00423183-00423718 uncommon class and just make a few copies of it (that's called over sampling). But, AQrjBoIW4wo-00921-00423783-00424297 like, I haven't found a situation in practice where I needed to do that. I've found it always just works fine, for me. AQrjBoIW4wo-00922-00424742-00425095 Q. Once you unfreeze and retrain with one cycle again, AQrjBoIW4wo-00923-00425096-00425572 if your training loss is still lower than your validation loss (likely underfitting), AQrjBoIW4wo-00924-00425590-00425818 do you retrain it unfrozen again AQrjBoIW4wo-00925-00425840-00426400 (which will technically be more than one cycle) or do you redo everything with a longer epoch for the cycle? AQrjBoIW4wo-00926-00426536-00427099 Hey, you guys asked me that last week! My answer's still the same: I don't know. I would find, AQrjBoIW4wo-00927-00427176-00427802 if you do another cycle, then it'll kind of maybe generalize a little bit better if you start again, AQrjBoIW4wo-00928-00427868-00428068 do twice as long, it's kind of annoying; AQrjBoIW4wo-00929-00428144-00428761 Depends how patient you are. It won't make much difference, you know? For me personally, I normally just train a few more cycles. AQrjBoIW4wo-00930-00428846-00428988 But, AQrjBoIW4wo-00931-00428988-00429263 yeah, it doesn't make much difference. Most of the time. AQrjBoIW4wo-00932-00429794-00430477 Q. So showing the code sample where you were creating a CNN with resnet34 for the AQrjBoIW4wo-00933-00430530-00430730 'Grizzly-Teddy' classifier, AQrjBoIW4wo-00934-00430800-00431110 it says this requires resnet34, AQrjBoIW4wo-00935-00431110-00431629 which I find surprising. I had assumed that the model created by .save(), which is about 85 AQrjBoIW4wo-00936-00431669-00432169 megabytes on disk, would be able to run without also needing a copy of resnet34. AQrjBoIW4wo-00937-00432839-00433300 A.Yeah, I understand. We're going to be learning all about this shortly. AQrjBoIW4wo-00938-00433613-00433813 You don't... AQrjBoIW4wo-00939-00433833-00434344 There's no 'copy' of resnet34. resnet34 is actually what we call an 'architecture' - AQrjBoIW4wo-00940-00434352-00434760 we're going to be learning a lot about this. It's a functional form. Just like this is a 'linear AQrjBoIW4wo-00941-00434824-00435443 functional form' - it doesn't take up any room, it doesn't contain anything - it's just a function. resnett34 is just a function. AQrjBoIW4wo-00942-00435457-00436041 It doesn't contain anything, it doesn't store anything. I think the confusion here is that AQrjBoIW4wo-00943-00436122-00436743 we often use a 'pre-trained' neural net that's been learned on ImageNet. In this case, AQrjBoIW4wo-00944-00436783-00437168 we don't need to use a pre-trained neural net. And actually, AQrjBoIW4wo-00945-00437643-00438110 to entirely avoid that even getting created you can actually pass AQrjBoIW4wo-00946-00438331-00438854 "pretrained = False" and that'll ensure that nothing even gets loaded which will save you another AQrjBoIW4wo-00947-00438946-00439146 0.2 seconds, I guess. AQrjBoIW4wo-00948-00439153-00439443 So, yeah. But we'll be learning a lot more about this, so don't worry AQrjBoIW4wo-00949-00439443-00439513 if this is a bit unclear. AQrjBoIW4wo-00950-00439513-00440127 But the basic idea is this this thing here is is basically equivalent of saying "is it a line?" ? AQrjBoIW4wo-00951-00440149-00440879 Or "is it a quadratic?" or "is it a reciprocal?" This is just a function, this is the "resnet34 function" - AQrjBoIW4wo-00952-00440880-00441080 It's a mathematical function. It has no... AQrjBoIW4wo-00953-00441127-00441516 doesn't take any storage, it doesn't have any numbers, doesn't have to be loaded. AQrjBoIW4wo-00954-00441595-00441795 As opposed to a AQrjBoIW4wo-00955-00441835-00442101 pre-trained model and so that's why AQrjBoIW4wo-00956-00442255-00442827 when we used, when we did it at inference time the thing that took space is... AQrjBoIW4wo-00957-00443077-00443387 This bit. Which is where we load our parameters AQrjBoIW4wo-00958-00443428-00443939 which is basically saying, as we're ready to find out, what are the values of "a" and AQrjBoIW4wo-00959-00443995-00444195 "b"? We have to store AQrjBoIW4wo-00960-00444217-00444908 those numbers. But for resnet34, you don't just store two numbers, you store a few million. AQrjBoIW4wo-00961-00444988-00445206 Or a few tens of millions of numbers. AQrjBoIW4wo-00962-00445347-00445920 So, why did we do all this? Well, it's because I wanted to be able to AQrjBoIW4wo-00963-00445993-00446480 write it out like this. And the nice thing if we can write it out like this, is that we can now AQrjBoIW4wo-00964-00446575-00446739 Do that in AQrjBoIW4wo-00965-00446739-00447018 PyTorch, with no loops, AQrjBoIW4wo-00966-00447100-00447362 single line of code, and it's also going to run AQrjBoIW4wo-00967-00447430-00448118 faster. PyTorch really doesn't like loops, right? It really wants you to send it a whole equation to do all at once, AQrjBoIW4wo-00968-00448135-00448640 which means you really want to try and specify things in these kind of linear algebra ways. AQrjBoIW4wo-00969-00448756-00449256 So let's go and take a look because what we're going to try and do then is we're going to try and take AQrjBoIW4wo-00970-00449437-00449987 this, we're going to call it an 'architecture', it's like the tiniest world's tiniest neural network. AQrjBoIW4wo-00971-00449988-00450600 It's got two parameters, you know, a1 and a2, we're going to try and fit this architecture to some data. AQrjBoIW4wo-00972-00450618-00451377 So let's jump into a notebook and generate some dots right and see if we can get it to fit a AQrjBoIW4wo-00973-00451410-00451606 line AQrjBoIW4wo-00974-00451606-00451964 somehow. And the 'somehow' is going to be using something called AQrjBoIW4wo-00975-00452040-00452288 S. G. D. AQrjBoIW4wo-00976-00452410-00453044 What is s S.G.D.? Well, there's two types of SGD. The first one is where I said, in Lesson 1, AQrjBoIW4wo-00977-00453069-00453464 "Hey, you should all try building these models and try and come up with something cool." AQrjBoIW4wo-00978-00453464-00454160 And you guys all experimented and found really good stuff. So that's where the 'S' would be Student. That would be Student Gradient Descent. AQrjBoIW4wo-00979-00454215-00454610 So that's version one of SGD. Version two of SGD, AQrjBoIW4wo-00980-00454610-00454777 which is what I'm going to talk about today, is AQrjBoIW4wo-00981-00454777-00455291 where we're going to have a computer try lots of things and try and come up with a really good function and that will be AQrjBoIW4wo-00982-00455292-00455492 called 'Stochastic Gradient Descent'. AQrjBoIW4wo-00983-00455568-00455734 So, AQrjBoIW4wo-00984-00455734-00456017 the other one that you hear a lot on Twitter is AQrjBoIW4wo-00985-00456103-00456492 'Stochastic Grad-student Descent', so that's the other one that you hear. AQrjBoIW4wo-00986-00456754-00456907 So, AQrjBoIW4wo-00987-00456907-00457084 we're going to jump into AQrjBoIW4wo-00988-00457084-00457228 "Lesson 2: AQrjBoIW4wo-00989-00457228-00457405 SGD". And, AQrjBoIW4wo-00990-00457405-00457992 so we're going to kind of go bottom up rather than top down. We're going to create the simplest possible model AQrjBoIW4wo-00991-00458131-00458333 we can, which is going to be a linear model, AQrjBoIW4wo-00992-00458334-00458808 and the first thing that we need is we need some data. And so we're going to generate AQrjBoIW4wo-00993-00458844-00459506 some data. The data we're going to generate looks like this. So this might represent temperature and this rate represent number of ice creams AQrjBoIW4wo-00994-00459507-00460079 we sell or something like that, but we're just going to create some synthetic data that we know is following a line. And AQrjBoIW4wo-00995-00460143-00460683 so, as we build this we're actually going to learn a little bit about PyTorch, as well. AQrjBoIW4wo-00996-00460797-00460997 So basically the way we're going to generate this data AQrjBoIW4wo-00997-00461103-00461296 is by creating AQrjBoIW4wo-00998-00461296-00461877 some coefficients. a1 will be 3 and a2 will be 2. And AQrjBoIW4wo-00999-00461985-00462185 we're going to create some... AQrjBoIW4wo-01000-00462339-00462606 like we've looked at before, basically a column of numbers AQrjBoIW4wo-01001-00462775-00463254 for each axis, and a whole bunch of ones. And then we're going to do this: x@a AQrjBoIW4wo-01002-00463279-00463766 What is "x@a"? x@a, in python, means a AQrjBoIW4wo-01003-00463822-00463957 matrix product AQrjBoIW4wo-01004-00463957-00464409 between x and a. It actually is even more general than that. AQrjBoIW4wo-01005-00464409-00464922 It can be a vector-vector product, a matrix-vector product, a vector-matrix product or a matrix-matrix product. AQrjBoIW4wo-01006-00464968-00465581 And then actually in PyTorch, specifically, it can mean even more general things where we get into higher rank tensors, AQrjBoIW4wo-01007-00465601-00466113 which we will learn all about very soon. Right? But this is basically the key AQrjBoIW4wo-01008-00466168-00466661 thing that's going to go on in all of our deep learning. The vast majority of the time AQrjBoIW4wo-01009-00466714-00467510 our computers are going to be basically doing this: multiplying numbers together and adding them up, which is a surprisingly useful thing to do. AQrjBoIW4wo-01010-00467776-00467976 Ok, so AQrjBoIW4wo-01011-00467985-00468308 we basically are going to generate some data by creating a line AQrjBoIW4wo-01012-00468352-00468620 and then we're going to add some random numbers to it. AQrjBoIW4wo-01013-00468646-00468893 But let's go back and see how we created "x" and "a". AQrjBoIW4wo-01014-00468913-00469439 So I mentioned that you know, we've basically got these two coefficients, 3 and 2, AQrjBoIW4wo-01015-00469528-00469788 and you'll see that we've wrapped it in this function called AQrjBoIW4wo-01016-00469858-00470651 "tensor()". You might have heard this word 'tensor' before. Who's heard the word tensor before? About 2//3 of you. Okay, so AQrjBoIW4wo-01017-00470707-00471024 it's one of these words that sounds scary and AQrjBoIW4wo-01018-00471118-00471428 apparently, if you're a physicist, it actually is scary, AQrjBoIW4wo-01019-00471484-00472002 but in the world of deep learning it's actually not scary at all. Tensor means 'array'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01020-00472054-00472583 Okay? It means array. So specifically it's an array of a regular shape, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01021-00472584-00473109 So it's not an array where row 1 has two things and row 3 has three things and row 4 has one thing what you AQrjBoIW4wo-01022-00473109-00473442 call a 'jagged' array. That's not a tensor. A tensor is any AQrjBoIW4wo-01023-00473497-00473697 array, which has a AQrjBoIW4wo-01024-00473713-00474008 'rectangular' or 'cube' or whatever... AQrjBoIW4wo-01025-00474009-00474671 you know, a shape where every element every row is the same length, and then every column is the same length AQrjBoIW4wo-01026-00474671-00474941 so a 4x3 matrix would be a tensor. A AQrjBoIW4wo-01027-00475033-00475304 vector of length 4 would be a tensor. A AQrjBoIW4wo-01028-00475387-00475587 3D array of length AQrjBoIW4wo-01029-00475609-00476277 3 x 4 x 6 would be a tensor. That's all a tensor is. Okay? And so AQrjBoIW4wo-01030-00476392-00476793 we have these all the time. For example, an image is AQrjBoIW4wo-01031-00476847-00477089 a three dimensional tensor. AQrjBoIW4wo-01032-00477100-00477804 It's got number of rows by number of columns by number of channels; normally red green blue. AQrjBoIW4wo-01033-00477817-00478179 So for example, a kind of a VGA texture would be 640 AQrjBoIW4wo-01034-00478255-00478596 by 480 by 3 or actually... AQrjBoIW4wo-01035-00478746-00479213 we do things backwards, so when people talk about images they normally go width by height AQrjBoIW4wo-01036-00479239-00479616 but when we talk mathematically we always go a number of rows by number of columns AQrjBoIW4wo-01037-00479616-00480006 So it'd actually be 480 by 640 by 3 AQrjBoIW4wo-01038-00480060-00480260 That will catch you out AQrjBoIW4wo-01039-00480274-00480850 We don't say 'dimensions' though, with tensors, we use one of two words: We either say 'rank' or AQrjBoIW4wo-01040-00480907-00481509 or 'axes'. 'Rank' specifically means how many axes are there? How many dimensions are there? AQrjBoIW4wo-01041-00481509-00481871 So an image is generally a "rank 3 AQrjBoIW4wo-01042-00481927-00482097 tensor". AQrjBoIW4wo-01043-00482097-00482297 So what we've created here is AQrjBoIW4wo-01044-00482338-00482616 a "rank 1 tensor" or AQrjBoIW4wo-01045-00482746-00483210 also known as a 'vector', right? But like, in math AQrjBoIW4wo-01046-00483283-00483887 people come up with slightly different words or actually no; they come up with very different words for slightly different concepts. AQrjBoIW4wo-01047-00483916-00484574 Why is a one dimensional array a 'vector' and a two dimensional array's a 'matrix' and then a three dimensional array... AQrjBoIW4wo-01048-00484596-00484773 Does that even have a name? AQrjBoIW4wo-01049-00484773-00485384 Not really. It doesn't have a name. Like, it doesn't make any sense. We also you know with computers AQrjBoIW4wo-01050-00485385-00485846 we try to have some simple consistent naming conventions. They're all called 'tensors'. Rank AQrjBoIW4wo-01051-00485846-00486065 1 tensor, rank 2 tensor, rank 3 tensor. AQrjBoIW4wo-01052-00486072-00486281 You can certainly have a rank 4 tensor AQrjBoIW4wo-01053-00486282-00486933 If you've got 64 images then that would be a rank 4 tensor of 64 AQrjBoIW4wo-01054-00486972-00487193 x 480 x 640 x 3, AQrjBoIW4wo-01055-00487248-00487715 for example. So tensors are very simple. They just mean arrays. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01056-00487773-00488385 so, in PyTorch, you say tensor and you pass in some numbers and you get back, in this case, AQrjBoIW4wo-01057-00488385-00488585 just a list. I got back a AQrjBoIW4wo-01058-00488624-00488824 'vector', okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-01059-00488849-00489087 So this, then, represents our AQrjBoIW4wo-01060-00489172-00489570 coefficients: the slope and the intercept of our line. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01061-00489664-00489847 so, because remember, AQrjBoIW4wo-01062-00489847-00490197 we're not actually going to have a special case of "ax + b" AQrjBoIW4wo-01063-00490262-00490939 instead, we're going to say there's always this second x value which is always 1 (you can see it here, always 1), AQrjBoIW4wo-01064-00490960-00491160 which allows us just to do a simple AQrjBoIW4wo-01065-00491213-00491647 'matrix vector product'. Ok, so that's 'a' and AQrjBoIW4wo-01066-00491729-00491929 then we wanted to generate this AQrjBoIW4wo-01067-00492113-00492676 'x array' of data which is going to have we're going to put random numbers in the first column and a whole bunch of ones AQrjBoIW4wo-01068-00492676-00493239 in the second column. So to do that, we basically say to PyTorch: "create a AQrjBoIW4wo-01069-00493418-00493618 rank 2 tensor, AQrjBoIW4wo-01070-00493916-00494116 Actually no, sorry, let's say that again. AQrjBoIW4wo-01071-00494216-00494639 We see to PyTorch: "we want to create a tensor of AQrjBoIW4wo-01072-00494660-00494954 'n x 2'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01073-00494954-00495418 So since we passed in a total of 2 things we get a rank 2 tensor. AQrjBoIW4wo-01074-00495437-00495906 The number of rows will be 'n' and the number of columns will be 2. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01075-00496013-00496483 in there, every single thing in it will be a 1. That's what torch.ones() means. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01076-00496601-00497019 then, this is really important, you can index into that, AQrjBoIW4wo-01077-00497159-00497383 just like you can index into a list in Python, AQrjBoIW4wo-01078-00497450-00497650 but you can put a colon (:) AQrjBoIW4wo-01079-00497672-00498057 anywhere. And a colon means - "every single value on AQrjBoIW4wo-01080-00498097-00498724 that axis". Or "every single value on that dimension". So this here means every single row. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01081-00498824-00499399 then this here means column 0. So this is every row of column 0, I AQrjBoIW4wo-01082-00499466-00499666 want you to grab a uniform, AQrjBoIW4wo-01083-00499667-00499867 random number. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01084-00499972-00500287 here's another very important concept: in PyTorch, AQrjBoIW4wo-01085-00500375-00501141 anytime you've got a function that ends in an underscore, it means "don't return to me that uniform random number but replace AQrjBoIW4wo-01086-00501245-00501762 whatever this is being called on, with the result of this function". So this takes column 0 and AQrjBoIW4wo-01087-00501938-00502443 replaces it with a uniform random number between -1 and 1. So AQrjBoIW4wo-01088-00502529-00503118 there's a lot to unpack there, right? But the good news is those two lines of code, AQrjBoIW4wo-01089-00503204-00503458 plus this one (which we're coming to), cover AQrjBoIW4wo-01090-00503603-00504045 95% of what you need to know about PyTorch. How to create an array, AQrjBoIW4wo-01091-00504116-00504628 how to change things in an array, and how to do matrix operations on an array, okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-01092-00504628-00505218 So there's a lot to unpack but these small number of concepts are incredibly powerful. AQrjBoIW4wo-01093-00505277-00505516 So I can now print out the first AQrjBoIW4wo-01094-00505610-00505772 5 AQrjBoIW4wo-01095-00505772-00505972 rows, okay? So AQrjBoIW4wo-01096-00506057-00506284 ":5" is standard AQrjBoIW4wo-01097-00506405-00506518 python AQrjBoIW4wo-01098-00506518-00506977 'slicing' syntax, to say 'the first five rows'. So here are the first five rows, two columns AQrjBoIW4wo-01099-00507050-00507352 looking like my random numbers, and my ones. AQrjBoIW4wo-01100-00507500-00507808 So now I can do a matrix product of that x AQrjBoIW4wo-01101-00507935-00508133 by my a, AQrjBoIW4wo-01102-00508133-00508495 add in some random numbers to add a bit of noise, and AQrjBoIW4wo-01103-00508550-00509053 then I can do a scatter plot. And I'm not really interested in my scatter plot in this column of ones, AQrjBoIW4wo-01104-00509099-00509412 right? There just there to make my linear AQrjBoIW4wo-01105-00509474-00509787 function more convenient, so I'm just going to plot my AQrjBoIW4wo-01106-00509891-00510091 0-index column AQrjBoIW4wo-01107-00510095-00510295 against my "y"s and AQrjBoIW4wo-01108-00510317-00510517 there it is. AQrjBoIW4wo-01109-00510587-00510801 "plt" is what we AQrjBoIW4wo-01110-00510854-00511054 universally use to refer to AQrjBoIW4wo-01111-00511091-00511803 the plotting library 'matplotlib'. And that's what most people use for most of their plotting in AQrjBoIW4wo-01112-00511847-00512139 python. In scientific python we use matplotlib. AQrjBoIW4wo-01113-00512207-00512772 It's certainly a library, you'll want to get familiar with because being able to plot things is really important. AQrjBoIW4wo-01114-00512860-00513102 There are lots of other plotting packages. AQrjBoIW4wo-01115-00513289-00514060 Lots of them, the other packages, are better at certain things than matplotlib, but like matplotlib can do everything AQrjBoIW4wo-01116-00514193-00514393 reasonably well. AQrjBoIW4wo-01117-00514427-00515028 Sometimes it's a little awkward, but you know, for me, I do pretty much everything in matplotlib AQrjBoIW4wo-01118-00515047-00515739 because there's really nothing it can't do (even though some libraries can do other things a little bit better or a little bit prettier). AQrjBoIW4wo-01119-00515909-00516276 But it's really powerful, so once you know matplotlib, you can do everything. AQrjBoIW4wo-01120-00516310-00516804 So here I'm asking matplotlib to give me a scatterplot with my x's against my y's and AQrjBoIW4wo-01121-00516886-00517137 there it is, okay? So this is my AQrjBoIW4wo-01122-00517210-00517623 my dummy data representing like, you know, of temperature and ice cream sales AQrjBoIW4wo-01123-00517792-00518355 So ,now what we're going to do is we're going to pretend we were given this data and we don't know that AQrjBoIW4wo-01124-00518432-00519021 the values of our coefficients are 3 and 2. So we're going to pretend that we never knew that we have to figure them out, AQrjBoIW4wo-01125-00519092-00519627 okay? So how would we figure them out? How would we draw a line to fit to this data? And AQrjBoIW4wo-01126-00519769-00519975 why would that even be interesting? AQrjBoIW4wo-01127-00520055-00520419 Well, we're going to look at more about why it's interesting in just a moment, AQrjBoIW4wo-01128-00520419-00520809 but the basic idea is this: if we can find (this is going to be kind of AQrjBoIW4wo-01129-00520936-00521610 perhaps, really surprising) but if we can find a way to find those two parameters to fit that line AQrjBoIW4wo-01130-00521647-00521997 to those (how many points were there? - 'n' was AQrjBoIW4wo-01131-00522107-00522513 100) if we can find a way to fit that line to those 100 points, AQrjBoIW4wo-01132-00522574-00522774 we can also fit AQrjBoIW4wo-01133-00522799-00523383 these arbitrary functions that convert from pixel values to probabilities. AQrjBoIW4wo-01134-00523426-00524016 It'll turn out that there's techniques that we that we're going to learn to find these two numbers, AQrjBoIW4wo-01135-00524105-00524305 works equally well for AQrjBoIW4wo-01136-00524336-00524694 the 50 million numbers in resnet34. AQrjBoIW4wo-01137-00524717-00525399 So we're actually going to use an almost identical approach. So that's (this is the bit that I found in previous classes, AQrjBoIW4wo-01138-00525455-00525673 people have the most trouble digesting), AQrjBoIW4wo-01139-00525788-00526335 like, I often find even after week 4 or week 5, people will come up to me and say "I don't get it, AQrjBoIW4wo-01140-00526411-00526959 how do we actually train these models?" - and I'll say "It's SGD. It's that thing AQrjBoIW4wo-01141-00526959-00527169 we throw in the notebook with the 2 numbers". It's like "Yeah, but AQrjBoIW4wo-01142-00527234-00527859 but we're fitting a neural network". So "I know, and we can't print the 50 million numbers anymore, AQrjBoIW4wo-01143-00527934-00528073 but it is literally, AQrjBoIW4wo-01144-00528073-00528648 identically, doing the same thing". And the reason this is hard to digest is that the human brain has a lot of trouble AQrjBoIW4wo-01145-00528757-00529434 conceptualizing of what an equation with 50 million numbers looks like and can do. So you just kind of, for now, AQrjBoIW4wo-01146-00529446-00529751 will have to take my word for it. It can do things like AQrjBoIW4wo-01147-00529867-00530059 recognize Teddy Bears. AQrjBoIW4wo-01148-00530059-00530321 And all these functions turn out to be very powerful. Now AQrjBoIW4wo-01149-00530321-00530753 we're going to learn a little bit more in just a moment, about how to make them extra powerful, but for now, AQrjBoIW4wo-01150-00530859-00531485 the thing we're going to learn to fit these two numbers is the same thing that we've just been using to fit 50 million numbers. AQrjBoIW4wo-01151-00531615-00531824 Okay, so we want to find AQrjBoIW4wo-01152-00531892-00532619 what PyTorch calls 'parameters'. Or in statistics, you'll often hear called 'coefficients'. These values a1 and a2. AQrjBoIW4wo-01153-00532671-00532889 We want to find these parameters AQrjBoIW4wo-01154-00533023-00533288 such that the line that they create AQrjBoIW4wo-01155-00533371-00533571 minimizes the error AQrjBoIW4wo-01156-00533602-00533921 between that line and the points. AQrjBoIW4wo-01157-00534061-00534261 So in other words, AQrjBoIW4wo-01158-00534615-00534815 you know, if we created, AQrjBoIW4wo-01159-00534969-00535511 you know, if the a1 and a2 we came up with resulted in this line, AQrjBoIW4wo-01160-00535584-00536066 then we'd look and we'd see like how far away is that line from each point? I would say AQrjBoIW4wo-01161-00536067-00536600 "Oh, that's quite a long way". And so maybe there was some other a1 or a2 which resulted in AQrjBoIW4wo-01162-00536865-00537500 this line and they would say, like, "oh, how far away is each of those points"? And then eventually we come up with AQrjBoIW4wo-01163-00537786-00537986 Blue AQrjBoIW4wo-01164-00538078-00538596 We come up with this line and it's like, "Oh, in this case, each of those is actually very close". AQrjBoIW4wo-01165-00538621-00538683 All right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01166-00538683-00539339 So you can see how in each case we can say how far away is the line at each spot away from its point and AQrjBoIW4wo-01167-00539367-00539606 then we can take the average of all those and AQrjBoIW4wo-01168-00539659-00539854 that's called the 'loss'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01169-00539854-00540356 And that is the value of our loss, right? So you need some mathematical function that AQrjBoIW4wo-01170-00540421-00540783 can basically say how far away is this line from those points? AQrjBoIW4wo-01171-00541009-00541450 For this kind of problem, which is called a 'regression' problem ,a problem where your AQrjBoIW4wo-01172-00541594-00541794 dependent variable AQrjBoIW4wo-01173-00541936-00542057 Is AQrjBoIW4wo-01174-00542057-00542257 'continuous', so rather than being AQrjBoIW4wo-01175-00542273-00542598 "Grizzlies" or "Teddies", it's like some number between AQrjBoIW4wo-01176-00542659-00542907 -1 and 6, this is called a regression problem. AQrjBoIW4wo-01177-00542908-00543558 And for regression the most common loss function is called 'mean squared error', which pretty much everybody calls AQrjBoIW4wo-01178-00543694-00544308 'MSE'. You may also see RMSE just 'Root Mean Squared Error'. And so the mean squared error is a loss, AQrjBoIW4wo-01179-00544309-00544633 it's the difference between some prediction that you've made, AQrjBoIW4wo-01180-00544684-00545142 okay, which you know is like the value of the line, and the actual AQrjBoIW4wo-01181-00545228-00545419 number of ice cream sales. AQrjBoIW4wo-01182-00545419-00545724 And so, in the mathematics of this, AQrjBoIW4wo-01183-00545746-00546222 people normally refer to the actual, they normally call it "y" and the prediction, they normally call it AQrjBoIW4wo-01184-00546259-00546525 "y hat", as in they they write it AQrjBoIW4wo-01185-00546683-00546883 like that. AQrjBoIW4wo-01186-00546971-00547165 And so AQrjBoIW4wo-01187-00547165-00547728 what I try to do like when we're writing something like, you know, mean squared error equation, AQrjBoIW4wo-01188-00547759-00548463 there's no point writing ice cream here and temperature here because we wanted to apply it to anything. So we tend to use these like AQrjBoIW4wo-01189-00548521-00548721 mathematical placeholders. AQrjBoIW4wo-01190-00548807-00549171 So the value of mean squared error is simply the difference between those two, AQrjBoIW4wo-01191-00549365-00549844 squared! All right? And then we can take the mean. Because, remember, AQrjBoIW4wo-01192-00549911-00550650 that is actually a 'vector' or what we now call it, a "rank 1 tensor" and that is actually a rank 1 tensor, AQrjBoIW4wo-01193-00550651-00551271 so it's the value of the number of ice cream sales at each place. And so when we subtract AQrjBoIW4wo-01194-00551330-00551530 one vector from another vector, AQrjBoIW4wo-01195-00551552-00552006 (and we're going to be learning a lot more about this), but it does something called element-wise arithmetic in other words AQrjBoIW4wo-01196-00552007-00552325 It subtracts each each one from each other, AQrjBoIW4wo-01197-00552325-00552579 and so we end up with a vector of differences, and AQrjBoIW4wo-01198-00552629-00553209 then if we take the square of that, it squares everything in that vector. And so then we can take the mean of that AQrjBoIW4wo-01199-00553226-00553426 to find the average AQrjBoIW4wo-01200-00553511-00554086 square of the differences between the actuals and the predictions. So, if you're AQrjBoIW4wo-01201-00554216-00554797 more comfortable with mathematical notation what we just wrote there was the AQrjBoIW4wo-01202-00554855-00555112 "sum of..." (which way round did we do it?) AQrjBoIW4wo-01203-00555251-00555475 y hat minus... AQrjBoIW4wo-01204-00555647-00555842 y... AQrjBoIW4wo-01205-00555842-00556042 squared, over... AQrjBoIW4wo-01206-00556076-00556504 n", right? So that equation is the same as AQrjBoIW4wo-01207-00556598-00557229 that equation. So one of the things I'll note here is, I don't think this is, AQrjBoIW4wo-01208-00557393-00557593 you know, more AQrjBoIW4wo-01209-00557654-00558102 complicated or unwieldy than this, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01210-00558103-00558658 But the benefit of this is you can experiment with it like once you've defined it, AQrjBoIW4wo-01211-00558704-00559260 you can use it you can send things into it and get stuff out of it and see how it works, alright? So, for me, AQrjBoIW4wo-01212-00559322-00559837 most of the time I prefer to explain things with code rather than with math. AQrjBoIW4wo-01213-00559859-00560325 Right? Because I can actually...they're the same, they're doing, in this case at least, in AQrjBoIW4wo-01214-00560384-00561163 all the cases we'll look at, they're exactly the same, they're just different notations for the same thing. But one of the notations is executable, AQrjBoIW4wo-01215-00561221-00561535 it's something that you can experiment with, and one of them is AQrjBoIW4wo-01216-00561587-00561951 abstract, so that's why I'm generally going to show code. AQrjBoIW4wo-01217-00562028-00562263 So the good news is, if you're a coder, AQrjBoIW4wo-01218-00562352-00562552 with not much of a math background, AQrjBoIW4wo-01219-00562673-00563040 actually, you do have a math background because code is math. Right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01220-00563063-00563448 Now if you've got more of a math background and less of a code background, AQrjBoIW4wo-01221-00563480-00563871 then actually a lot of the stuff that you learned from math is going to translate very directly AQrjBoIW4wo-01222-00563900-00564231 into code, and now you can start to experiment really with your math. AQrjBoIW4wo-01223-00564368-00564727 Okay, so this is a 'loss function'. This is something that tells us how good our line is. AQrjBoIW4wo-01224-00564824-00565117 So now, we have to kind of come up with: AQrjBoIW4wo-01225-00565238-00565702 "What is the line that fits through here?" Remember, we don't know (we're going to pretend we don't know) AQrjBoIW4wo-01226-00565739-00566011 so what you actually have to do is you have to guess. AQrjBoIW4wo-01227-00566075-00566289 You actually have to come up with a guess: AQrjBoIW4wo-01228-00566290-00566821 what are the values of a1 and a2? So let's say we guess that a1 and a2 are both 1. AQrjBoIW4wo-01229-00566927-00567127 So this is our tensor. 'a' AQrjBoIW4wo-01230-00567188-00567388 is (1.0, 1.0), right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01231-00567482-00567684 So here is how we create that AQrjBoIW4wo-01232-00567748-00568110 tensor. And I wanted to write it this way because you'll see this all the time. AQrjBoIW4wo-01233-00568180-00568821 Like, written out it should be "1.0..." (sorry...it should be -1)... AQrjBoIW4wo-01234-00568973-00569214 Written out fully it would be "-1.0... AQrjBoIW4wo-01235-00569326-00569553 1.0". Like that's written out fully. AQrjBoIW4wo-01236-00569623-00569826 We can't write it without the point, AQrjBoIW4wo-01237-00569944-00570144 because that's now an 'int', AQrjBoIW4wo-01238-00570182-00570823 not a floating point. So that's going to "spit the dummy" if you try to do calculations with that in neural nets, all right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01239-00571057-00571536 I'm lazy, I'm far too lazy to type ".0" every time. python knows perfectly AQrjBoIW4wo-01240-00571536-00571818 well that if you add a dot next to any of these numbers, AQrjBoIW4wo-01241-00571882-00572610 then the whole thing is now floats, right? So that's why you'll often see it written this way, particularly by lazy people like me. AQrjBoIW4wo-01242-00572705-00572905 Okay, so 'a' AQrjBoIW4wo-01243-00572963-00573103 is AQrjBoIW4wo-01244-00573103-00573549 a tensor. You can see it's floating-point - you see like, even PyTorch is lazy, AQrjBoIW4wo-01245-00573550-00573792 they just put a "." they don't bother with a 0, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01246-00573800-00574209 But if you want to actually see exactly what it is. You can write ".type()" AQrjBoIW4wo-01247-00574325-00574525 and AQrjBoIW4wo-01248-00574546-00574866 you can see it's a 'float' tensor, okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-01249-00575117-00575596 And so now we can calculate our predictions with this, like, random guess AQrjBoIW4wo-01250-00575701-00576078 x@a (matrix product of x and a), and we AQrjBoIW4wo-01251-00576113-00576675 can now calculate the mean squared error of our predictions and their actuals and that's our loss. AQrjBoIW4wo-01252-00576751-00577164 Okay, so for this regression, our loss is 8.9. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01253-00577307-00577507 so we can now plot a AQrjBoIW4wo-01254-00577519-00578232 scatter plot of x against y and we can plot the scatter plot of x against y-hat (our predictions) and AQrjBoIW4wo-01255-00578257-00578423 there they are. AQrjBoIW4wo-01256-00578423-00578820 Okay, so this is the (1 , -1) line AQrjBoIW4wo-01257-00578905-00579453 ...sorry, the (-1, 1) line and here's actuals. So that's not great, not surprising, it's just a guess. AQrjBoIW4wo-01258-00579536-00579736 so SGD, AQrjBoIW4wo-01259-00579767-00580161 or "gradient descent" more generally (and anybody who's done any AQrjBoIW4wo-01260-00580192-00580932 engineering or probably computer science at school will have done plenty of this, like Newton's method what all the stuff that you did... AQrjBoIW4wo-01261-00580982-00581218 university - if you didn't, don't worry, we're going to learn it now)... AQrjBoIW4wo-01262-00581294-00581725 It's basically about taking this guess and trying to make it a little bit better. AQrjBoIW4wo-01263-00581858-00582058 So, how do we make it a little bit better? AQrjBoIW4wo-01264-00582083-00582504 Well, there's only two numbers right and the two numbers are AQrjBoIW4wo-01265-00582614-00582814 and the two numbers are the AQrjBoIW4wo-01266-00582857-00583156 intercept of that orange line and the gradient of that orange line. AQrjBoIW4wo-01267-00583184-00583602 So what we're going to do with gradient descent is we're going to simply say: AQrjBoIW4wo-01268-00583664-00584235 "What if we change those two numbers a little bit, what if we made the intercept a little bit higher...?" AQrjBoIW4wo-01269-00584291-00584408 or a AQrjBoIW4wo-01270-00584408-00584608 little bit lower? AQrjBoIW4wo-01271-00584720-00585123 What if we made the gradient a little bit more positive or AQrjBoIW4wo-01272-00585251-00585451 a little bit more negative? AQrjBoIW4wo-01273-00585533-00585991 So there's like four possibilities. And then we can just calculate the loss AQrjBoIW4wo-01274-00586055-00586615 for each of those four possibilities and see what see what worked. Did lifting it up or down make it better? AQrjBoIW4wo-01275-00586652-00587179 Did tilting it more positive or more negative make it better? And then all we do is we say, okay, AQrjBoIW4wo-01276-00587183-00587383 well, whichever one of those made it better AQrjBoIW4wo-01277-00587447-00587647 that's what we're going to do. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01278-00587675-00588183 that's it. Right? But here's the cool thing for those of you that remember calculus - AQrjBoIW4wo-01279-00588203-00588625 you don't actually have to move it up and down and round about, AQrjBoIW4wo-01280-00588668-00589149 you can actually calculate the 'derivative'. The derivative is the thing that tells you... AQrjBoIW4wo-01281-00589205-00589693 Would moving it up or down make it better or would rotating it this way or that way make it better? AQrjBoIW4wo-01282-00589706-00590158 Okay, so the good news is if you didn't do calculus or you don't remember calculus, AQrjBoIW4wo-01283-00590158-00590877 I just told you everything you need to know about it, right? Which is that it tells you how changing one thing AQrjBoIW4wo-01284-00591011-00591373 changes the function, right? That's what the derivative is. AQrjBoIW4wo-01285-00591523-00591891 Kind of, not quite strictly speaking right, close enough, also called the 'gradient'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01286-00591929-00592551 Okay, so the gradient or the derivative, tells you how changing a1, up or down, would change AQrjBoIW4wo-01287-00592610-00593148 our MSE, how changing a2 up or down will change your MSE and this does it more quickly. AQrjBoIW4wo-01288-00593162-00593526 Does it more quickly than actually moving it up and down? Okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-01289-00593633-00593833 So, AQrjBoIW4wo-01290-00593921-00594121 in school, AQrjBoIW4wo-01291-00594123-00594551 unfortunately, they forced us to sit there and calculate these derivatives by hand. AQrjBoIW4wo-01292-00594607-00595169 We have computers! Computers can do that for us. We are NOT going to calculate them by hand. AQrjBoIW4wo-01293-00595237-00595381 Instead, AQrjBoIW4wo-01294-00595381-00595581 we're going to call AQrjBoIW4wo-01295-00595714-00595867 ".grad". AQrjBoIW4wo-01296-00595867-00596217 On our computer that will calculate the gradient for us. AQrjBoIW4wo-01297-00596293-00596493 So here's what we're going to do - AQrjBoIW4wo-01298-00596523-00597149 we're going to create a loop, we're going to loop through 100 times and we're going to call a function called .update(). AQrjBoIW4wo-01299-00597241-00597527 That function is going to calculate y-hat AQrjBoIW4wo-01300-00597601-00597781 (our prediction), AQrjBoIW4wo-01301-00597781-00597981 It is going to calculate loss AQrjBoIW4wo-01302-00598060-00598260 (our mean squared error). AQrjBoIW4wo-01303-00598306-00598601 From time to time it will print that out so we can see how we're going. AQrjBoIW4wo-01304-00598807-00599517 It will then calculate the gradient and in PyTorch calculating the gradient is done by using a method called .backward(). AQrjBoIW4wo-01305-00599584-00599948 So you'll see something really interesting which is, mean squared error AQrjBoIW4wo-01306-00600016-00600216 was just a simple AQrjBoIW4wo-01307-00600340-00600540 standard mathematical function, AQrjBoIW4wo-01308-00600631-00600851 PyTorch, for us, AQrjBoIW4wo-01309-00600904-00601400 keeps track of how it was calculated and lets us calculate the derivatives. AQrjBoIW4wo-01310-00601401-00602048 So if you do a mathematical operation on a tensor in PyTorch, you can call .backward() to calculate the derivative. AQrjBoIW4wo-01311-00602158-00602712 What happens to that derivative? That gets stuck inside an attribute called .grad. AQrjBoIW4wo-01312-00602827-00603402 So I'm going to take my coefficients 'a' and I am going to subtract from them AQrjBoIW4wo-01313-00603493-00603693 my gradient. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01314-00603730-00604527 this underscore here... Why? Because that's going to do it in place. So it's going to actually update those coefficients a AQrjBoIW4wo-01315-00604612-00604812 to subtract AQrjBoIW4wo-01316-00604828-00605471 the gradients from them, right? So, why do we subtract? Well because the gradient tells us if I AQrjBoIW4wo-01317-00605539-00605739 move the whole thing AQrjBoIW4wo-01318-00605776-00606234 downwards, the loss goes up. If I move the whole thing upwards, the loss goes down. AQrjBoIW4wo-01319-00606234-00606666 So I want to like do the opposite of the thing that makes it go up, right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01320-00606669-00607130 So because our loss, we want to loss to be small. So that's why we have to subtract. AQrjBoIW4wo-01321-00607234-00607434 And then there's something here called "lr". AQrjBoIW4wo-01322-00607594-00607794 "lr" is our AQrjBoIW4wo-01323-00608000-00608661 learning rate. And so literally all it is is the thing that we multiply by the gradient. AQrjBoIW4wo-01324-00608804-00609222 Why is there any 'lr' at all? Let me show you why. AQrjBoIW4wo-01325-00609598-00609798 Let's take a really simple example. AQrjBoIW4wo-01326-00610438-00610636 A quadratic. AQrjBoIW4wo-01327-00610636-00611205 All right, and let's say your algorithm's job was to find where that quadratic was at its lowest point. AQrjBoIW4wo-01328-00611206-00611826 And so, well, how could it do this? Well, just like what we're doing now, the starting point would just be to pick AQrjBoIW4wo-01329-00611923-00612123 some x value at random. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01330-00612173-00612550 then, pop up here to find out what the value of y is. AQrjBoIW4wo-01331-00612626-00613317 Okay? That's its starting point. And so then it can calculate the gradient and the gradient is simply the slope. AQrjBoIW4wo-01332-00613384-00613561 Right? It tells you AQrjBoIW4wo-01333-00613561-00614139 moving in which direction is going to make you go down. And so the gradient tells you you have to go this way. AQrjBoIW4wo-01334-00614327-00614483 So, if AQrjBoIW4wo-01335-00614483-00615015 the gradient was really big, you might jump this way a very long way. AQrjBoIW4wo-01336-00615053-00615309 So you might jump all the way over to... AQrjBoIW4wo-01337-00615683-00616550 Here. Maybe even here. Right? And so if you jumped over to there... AQrjBoIW4wo-01338-00616601-00617167 Then that's actually not going to be very helpful because then, you see, well where does that take us to? Oh! AQrjBoIW4wo-01339-00617228-00617384 It's now worse. AQrjBoIW4wo-01340-00617384-00617586 Right? We jumped too far. AQrjBoIW4wo-01341-00617831-00618327 So we don't want to jump too far, so maybe we should just jump a little bit. AQrjBoIW4wo-01342-00618479-00618679 Maybe to here. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01343-00618740-00619011 the good news is that is actually a little bit closer. AQrjBoIW4wo-01344-00619011-00619434 And so then we'll just do another little jump; see what the gradient is and do another little jump. AQrjBoIW4wo-01345-00619469-00619827 That takes us to here. And another little jump. That takes us to here. AQrjBoIW4wo-01346-00619919-00620196 Here. Yeah, right. So in other words, AQrjBoIW4wo-01347-00620248-00620784 we find our gradient to tell us kind of what direction to go and like, do we have to go a long way or not AQrjBoIW4wo-01348-00620785-00620896 too far? AQrjBoIW4wo-01349-00620896-00621237 But then we multiply it by some number, less than one, AQrjBoIW4wo-01350-00621293-00621501 so we don't jump too far. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01351-00621563-00622077 so, hopefully at this point, this might be reminding you of something. Which is 'what happened AQrjBoIW4wo-01352-00622394-00622669 when our learning rate was too high'? AQrjBoIW4wo-01353-00622859-00623185 So do you see why that happened now? Our learning rate was too high, AQrjBoIW4wo-01354-00623291-00623491 meant that we jumped AQrjBoIW4wo-01355-00623548-00624237 all the way past the right answer further than we started with and it got worse and worse and worse. AQrjBoIW4wo-01356-00624401-00624694 So that's what a 'learning rate too high' does. AQrjBoIW4wo-01357-00625076-00625444 On the other hand, if our learning rate is too low AQrjBoIW4wo-01358-00625553-00625858 then you just take tiny little steps and AQrjBoIW4wo-01359-00625952-00626383 so, eventually you're going to get there but you're doing lots and lots of calculations along the way. AQrjBoIW4wo-01360-00626414-00626793 So you really want to find something where it's kind of either like this AQrjBoIW4wo-01361-00626996-00627337 Or maybe it's kind of a little bit backwards and forwards, maybe it's kind of like this... AQrjBoIW4wo-01362-00627554-00627900 Something like that, you know, you want something that kind of gets in there quickly, AQrjBoIW4wo-01363-00627965-00628543 but not so quickly it jumps out and diverges. Not so slowly that it takes lots of steps. AQrjBoIW4wo-01364-00628583-00629143 So that's why we need a good learning rate. And so that's all it does. AQrjBoIW4wo-01365-00629150-00629650 So if you look inside the source code of any deep learning library, you will find AQrjBoIW4wo-01366-00629720-00630405 this. You will find something that says coefficients.subtract(learning rate) * gradient. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01367-00630500-00631168 we'll learn about some minor...not minor... We'll learn about some easy but important optimizations we can do to make this go faster. AQrjBoIW4wo-01368-00631412-00631568 But that's basically it. AQrjBoIW4wo-01369-00631568-00632079 There's a couple of other little minor issues that we don't need to talk about now one involving zeroing out the AQrjBoIW4wo-01370-00632093-00632766 gradients and another involving making sure that you turn gradient calculation off when you do the SGD update. If AQrjBoIW4wo-01371-00632810-00633126 you're interested we can discuss them on the forum or AQrjBoIW4wo-01372-00633209-00633409 you can do our AQrjBoIW4wo-01373-00633421-00633708 "Introduction to Machine Learning" course, which covers AQrjBoIW4wo-01374-00633788-00634060 all the mechanics of this in more detail. AQrjBoIW4wo-01375-00634152-00634352 But this is the basic idea. AQrjBoIW4wo-01376-00634367-00634591 So if we run update() 100 times, AQrjBoIW4wo-01377-00634650-00635041 printing out the loss from time to time you can see it starts at 8.9, AQrjBoIW4wo-01378-00635064-00635644 and it goes down down down down down down down. And so we can then print out scatter plots and AQrjBoIW4wo-01379-00635712-00635867 there it is. AQrjBoIW4wo-01380-00635867-00636274 That's it. Believe it or not, that's gradient descent. AQrjBoIW4wo-01381-00636357-00636779 So we just need to start with a function that's a bit more complex than AQrjBoIW4wo-01382-00636927-00637127 x@a AQrjBoIW4wo-01383-00637206-00637597 But as long as we have a function that can represent things like 'is this a teddy bear?', AQrjBoIW4wo-01384-00637632-00637832 we now have a way to fit it. AQrjBoIW4wo-01385-00637911-00638456 Okay? So let's now take a look at this as an animation and AQrjBoIW4wo-01386-00638523-00638750 this is one of the nice things that you can do AQrjBoIW4wo-01387-00638814-00639014 with... AQrjBoIW4wo-01388-00639221-00639871 This is one of the nice things that you can do with matplotlib is you can take any plot and turn it into an animation. AQrjBoIW4wo-01389-00639896-00640339 That and so you can now actually see it updating each step. So let's see what we did here. AQrjBoIW4wo-01390-00640398-00640918 We simply said, as before, create a scatter plot, AQrjBoIW4wo-01391-00641040-00641554 but then rather than having a loop, we used matplotlib FuncAnimation() AQrjBoIW4wo-01392-00641625-00641827 so call 100 times, AQrjBoIW4wo-01393-00641967-00642623 this function. And this function just called that update() that we created earlier and then updated the 'y' AQrjBoIW4wo-01394-00642690-00643012 data in our line. And so did that 100 times... AQrjBoIW4wo-01395-00643086-00643661 waiting 20 milliseconds after each one ,and there it is. Right? So you might think that, like, AQrjBoIW4wo-01396-00643809-00644087 visualizing your algorithms with animations is some AQrjBoIW4wo-01397-00644154-00644483 amazing and complex thing to do, but actually now, you know AQrjBoIW4wo-01398-00644483-00644902 It's 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 lines of code. AQrjBoIW4wo-01399-00645042-00645427 Okay? So I think that is pretty damn cool. AQrjBoIW4wo-01400-00645557-00645757 So that is SGD AQrjBoIW4wo-01401-00645783-00646042 visualized. And so we can't visualize as AQrjBoIW4wo-01402-00646113-00646535 conveniently what updating 50 million parameters in a resnet34 looks like, AQrjBoIW4wo-01403-00646602-00647227 but it's basically doing the same thing, okay? And so studying these simple versions is actually a great way to get an intuition. AQrjBoIW4wo-01404-00647228-00647756 So you should try running this notebook with a really big learning rate, with a really small AQrjBoIW4wo-01405-00647787-00648218 learning rate, and see what this animation looks like, right, and try get a feel for it. AQrjBoIW4wo-01406-00648248-00648691 Maybe you can even try a 3d plot. I haven't tried that yet, but I'm sure it would work fine too. So AQrjBoIW4wo-01407-00648998-00649173 the only difference between AQrjBoIW4wo-01408-00649173-00649562 Stochastic Gradient Descent and this is something called 'minibatches'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01409-00649605-00650195 You'll see what we did here was we calculated the value of the loss on the whole data set on every iteration. AQrjBoIW4wo-01410-00650292-00650672 But if your data set is one and a half million images in ImageNet, AQrjBoIW4wo-01411-00650682-00650948 that's going to be really slow, right? Just to do a single AQrjBoIW4wo-01412-00651006-00651458 update of your parameters you've got to calculate the loss on one and a half million images. AQrjBoIW4wo-01413-00651537-00651720 You wouldn't want to do that. AQrjBoIW4wo-01414-00651720-00651920 So what we do is we grab AQrjBoIW4wo-01415-00651990-00652190 64 images or so at a time, AQrjBoIW4wo-01416-00652212-00652350 at random, and AQrjBoIW4wo-01417-00652350-00652708 we calculate the loss on those 64 images, and AQrjBoIW4wo-01418-00652722-00653386 we update our weights. And then we grab another 64 random images. We update the weights. So in other words, the loop AQrjBoIW4wo-01419-00653505-00654044 basically looks exactly the same, but at this point here - so it'd basically be y AQrjBoIW4wo-01420-00654098-00654298 square bracket and some AQrjBoIW4wo-01421-00654339-00654673 random indexes here, you know, and some AQrjBoIW4wo-01422-00654732-00654932 random indexes here and AQrjBoIW4wo-01423-00654978-00655355 we'd basically do the same thing and well actually, sorry, it would be AQrjBoIW4wo-01424-00655725-00656281 there, right, so some random indexes on our x and some random indexes on our y to do a minibatch at a time, AQrjBoIW4wo-01425-00656301-00656681 and that would be the basic difference. And, so, once you add those, AQrjBoIW4wo-01426-00656793-00657076 you know, grab a random few points each time, AQrjBoIW4wo-01427-00657135-00657860 those random few points accord your minibatch and that approach is called SGD, or Stochastic Gradient Descent. AQrjBoIW4wo-01428-00657933-00658133 Okay, so AQrjBoIW4wo-01429-00658134-00658616 there's quite a bit of vocab we've just covered, right? So let's just AQrjBoIW4wo-01430-00658701-00658881 remind ourselves: AQrjBoIW4wo-01431-00658881-00659578 the 'learning rate' is a thing that we multiply our gradient by, to decide how much to update the weights by. AQrjBoIW4wo-01432-00659769-00660206 An 'epoch' is one complete run through all of our AQrjBoIW4wo-01433-00660291-00660784 data points (all of our images). So for the non-stochastic gradient descent AQrjBoIW4wo-01434-00660815-00661442 we just did, every single loop, we did the entire data set. But if you've got a data set with a AQrjBoIW4wo-01435-00661509-00661996 thousand images and your mini-batch size is 100 then it would take you ten iterations AQrjBoIW4wo-01436-00662046-00662440 to see every image once, so that would be one 'epoch'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01437-00662519-00662902 Epochs are important because if you do lots of epochs, AQrjBoIW4wo-01438-00662958-00663439 then you're looking at your images lots of times, and so every time you see an image AQrjBoIW4wo-01439-00663510-00663976 there's a bigger chance of overfitting. So we generally don't want to do too many epochs. AQrjBoIW4wo-01440-00664098-00664550 A 'minibatch' is just a random bunch of points that you use to update your weights. AQrjBoIW4wo-01441-00664755-00665092 SGD is just gradient descent using minibatches. AQrjBoIW4wo-01442-00665364-00665974 Architecture and model kind of mean the same thing. In this case, our architecture is AQrjBoIW4wo-01443-00666194-00666394 y = Xa AQrjBoIW4wo-01444-00666471-00666946 All right? The architecture is the mathematical function that you're fitting the parameters to. AQrjBoIW4wo-01445-00667026-00667226 And we're going to learn either AQrjBoIW4wo-01446-00667308-00667479 today or next week, AQrjBoIW4wo-01447-00667479-00667931 what the mathematical function of things like resnet34, actually is. AQrjBoIW4wo-01448-00667986-00668112 But it's basically AQrjBoIW4wo-01449-00668112-00668464 pretty much what you've just seen. It's a bunch of matrix products. AQrjBoIW4wo-01450-00668652-00669139 'Parameters', also known as coefficients, also known as weights, AQrjBoIW4wo-01451-00669210-00669437 are the numbers that you're updating. And AQrjBoIW4wo-01452-00669513-00670054 then 'loss function' is the thing that's telling you how far away or how close you are to the correct answer. AQrjBoIW4wo-01453-00670119-00670319 Any questions? AQrjBoIW4wo-01454-00670482-00670578 All right. AQrjBoIW4wo-01455-00670578-00671252 So, these models, these predictors, these Teddy Bear Classifiers, are functions that take pixel values and AQrjBoIW4wo-01456-00671277-00671454 return probability. AQrjBoIW4wo-01457-00671454-00671654 They start with some AQrjBoIW4wo-01458-00671690-00671890 functional form, like AQrjBoIW4wo-01459-00671925-00672346 y = Xa, and they fit the parameters, 'a', AQrjBoIW4wo-01460-00672450-00672970 using SGD, to try and do the best to calculate your predictions. AQrjBoIW4wo-01461-00673044-00673492 So far we've learned how to do regression, which is a single number. AQrjBoIW4wo-01462-00673638-00674530 Next week, we'll learn how to do the same thing for classification where we have multiple numbers. But it's basically the same. AQrjBoIW4wo-01463-00674652-00674805 In the process, AQrjBoIW4wo-01464-00674805-00674976 we had to do some math. AQrjBoIW4wo-01465-00674976-00675200 We had to do some linear algebra AQrjBoIW4wo-01466-00675200-00675781 and we had to do some calculus. And a lot of people get a bit scared at that point and AQrjBoIW4wo-01467-00675855-00676088 tell us "I am NOT a math person". AQrjBoIW4wo-01468-00676161-00676523 If that is you, that's totally okay, AQrjBoIW4wo-01469-00676590-00676807 but you're wrong. You are a math person. AQrjBoIW4wo-01470-00676807-00676880 In fact, AQrjBoIW4wo-01471-00676880-00677155 it turns out that when in the actual academic AQrjBoIW4wo-01472-00677186-00677902 research around this, there are not math people and non-math people. It turns out to be entirely a result of AQrjBoIW4wo-01473-00677994-00678460 culture and expectations. So you should check out Rachel's talk AQrjBoIW4wo-01474-00678569-00678880 "There's No Such Thing As Not a Math Person", AQrjBoIW4wo-01475-00678954-00679492 where she will introduce you to some of that academic research. And so if you think of yourself as not a math person AQrjBoIW4wo-01476-00679544-00679849 you should watch this so that you learn that you're wrong, AQrjBoIW4wo-01477-00679884-00680386 that your thoughts are actually there because somebody has told you 'you're not a math person', AQrjBoIW4wo-01478-00680532-00680944 but there's actually no academic research to suggest that there is such a thing. AQrjBoIW4wo-01479-00680961-00681038 In fact, AQrjBoIW4wo-01480-00681038-00681829 there are some cultures, like Romania and China, where the 'not a math person' concept never even appeared. AQrjBoIW4wo-01481-00681879-00682651 It's almost unheard of in some cultures for somebody to say "I'm not a math person" because that just never entered AQrjBoIW4wo-01482-00682709-00682939 that cultural identity. So, AQrjBoIW4wo-01483-00683069-00683791 don't freak out if words like 'derivative' and 'gradient' and 'matrix product' are things that you're kind of scared of, AQrjBoIW4wo-01484-00683907-00684269 it's something you can learn. It's something you'll be okay with. Okay? AQrjBoIW4wo-01485-00684530-00684799 So the last thing that we're going to close with today... AQrjBoIW4wo-01486-00685034-00685366 Oh, I just got a message from Simon Willison. AQrjBoIW4wo-01487-00685630-00686294 Ah! Simon's telling me he's actually not that special, lots of people won medals. So, AQrjBoIW4wo-01488-00686529-00687196 That's the worst part about Simon. Not only is he really smart he's also really modest which I think it's just awful. AQrjBoIW4wo-01489-00687371-00687850 I mean if you're going to be that smart, at least be a horrible human being and, you know, make it okay. AQrjBoIW4wo-01490-00688169-00688307 Okay, so, AQrjBoIW4wo-01491-00688307-00688741 the last thing I want to close with is the idea of (and we're going to look at this more next week) AQrjBoIW4wo-01492-00688830-00689030 underfitting and overfitting. AQrjBoIW4wo-01493-00689259-00689477 We just fit a line AQrjBoIW4wo-01494-00689532-00690304 to our data. But imagine that our data wasn't actually line 'shaped', right? And so if we try to fit something which was, like AQrjBoIW4wo-01495-00690402-00690889 "constant + constant * x", a line to it, then it's never going to fit very well. AQrjBoIW4wo-01496-00690932-00691186 Right? No matter how much we change these two AQrjBoIW4wo-01497-00691244-00691498 coefficients, it's never going to get really close. AQrjBoIW4wo-01498-00691586-00691963 On the other hand, we could fit some much bigger equation, AQrjBoIW4wo-01499-00691971-00692548 so in this case, it's a higher degree polynomial, with lots of lots of wiggly bits like so. Right? AQrjBoIW4wo-01500-00692550-00692709 But if we did that, AQrjBoIW4wo-01501-00692709-00693338 it's very unlikely we go and look at some other place to find out the temperature that it is and how much ice cream they're AQrjBoIW4wo-01502-00693338-00693504 selling and that will get a good result, AQrjBoIW4wo-01503-00693504-00693751 because, like, the wiggles are far too wiggly. AQrjBoIW4wo-01504-00693813-00694013 So this is called 'overfitting'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01505-00694104-00694477 We're looking for some mathematical function that fits "just right", AQrjBoIW4wo-01506-00694542-00694844 to stay with the teddy bear analogy. So AQrjBoIW4wo-01507-00695121-00695621 you might think, if you have a statistics background, the way to make things fit "just right" AQrjBoIW4wo-01508-00695640-00695969 is to have exactly the right number of parameters. To use a mathematical AQrjBoIW4wo-01509-00696021-00696134 function that AQrjBoIW4wo-01510-00696134-00696715 doesn't have too many parameters in it. It turns out that's actually completely not the right way to think about it. AQrjBoIW4wo-01511-00696761-00697318 There are other ways to make sure that we don't overfit, and in general, this is called 'regularization'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01512-00697431-00697813 Regularization are all the techniques to make sure that when we AQrjBoIW4wo-01513-00697857-00698123 train our model, that it's going to work AQrjBoIW4wo-01514-00698123-00698677 not only well on the data its seen but on the data it hasn't seen yet. AQrjBoIW4wo-01515-00698763-00698969 So, the most important thing AQrjBoIW4wo-01516-00699030-00699502 to know when you've trained a model, is actually 'how well does it work on AQrjBoIW4wo-01517-00699555-00699755 data that it hasn't been trained with'? AQrjBoIW4wo-01518-00699788-00700375 And so as we're going to learn a lot about next week, that's why we have this thing called a 'validation set'. AQrjBoIW4wo-01519-00700415-00700648 So what happens with a validation set, is AQrjBoIW4wo-01520-00700769-00700969 that we do our AQrjBoIW4wo-01521-00701052-00701762 minibatch SGD training loop with one set of data (with one set of teddy bears, grizzlies, black bears) and AQrjBoIW4wo-01522-00701811-00701985 then when we're done, we AQrjBoIW4wo-01523-00701985-00702212 check the loss function and the accuracy AQrjBoIW4wo-01524-00702263-00702865 to see how good is it on a bunch of images which were not included in the training. And so, if we do that, AQrjBoIW4wo-01525-00702930-00703144 then if we have something which is too wiggly, AQrjBoIW4wo-01526-00703227-00703804 it'll tell us. "Oh, your loss function and your error is really bad", because on the bears that it hasn't been trained with, AQrjBoIW4wo-01527-00703836-00704350 the wiggly bits are in the wrong spot. Where if it was underfitting, it would also tell us AQrjBoIW4wo-01528-00704423-00704791 that your validation set's really bad. So, like, AQrjBoIW4wo-01529-00704871-00705071 even for people that AQrjBoIW4wo-01530-00705135-00705649 don't go through this course and don't learn about the details of deep learning, like if you've got AQrjBoIW4wo-01531-00705777-00706237 managers or colleagues or whatever, at work, who are kind of wanting to, like, learn about AI, AQrjBoIW4wo-01532-00706269-00706658 the only thing that you really need to be teaching them is about the idea of a validation set. AQrjBoIW4wo-01533-00706694-00707317 Because that's the thing they can then use to figure out, you know, if somebody's selling them snake oil or not, you know, AQrjBoIW4wo-01534-00707317-00707644 they're like, hold back some data and then they get told, like, "oh AQrjBoIW4wo-01535-00707644-00707920 here's a model that we're going to roll out" and then you say "okay, fine... AQrjBoIW4wo-01536-00707921-00708322 I'm just going to check it on this held out data to see whether it generalizes." AQrjBoIW4wo-01537-00708405-00709031 There's a lot of details to get right when you design your validation set. We will talk about them, AQrjBoIW4wo-01538-00709121-00709651 briefly, next week, but a more full version would be in Rachel's AQrjBoIW4wo-01539-00709731-00710162 piece on the fast.ai blog called "How (and why) to create a good validation set". AQrjBoIW4wo-01540-00710238-00710698 And this is also one of the things we go into in a lot of detail in the 'Intro to Machine Learning' course. AQrjBoIW4wo-01541-00710712-00710932 So we're going to try and give you enough to get by, AQrjBoIW4wo-01542-00711044-00711802 for this course, but it is certainly something that's worth deeper study as well. Any questions or comments before we wrap up? AQrjBoIW4wo-01543-00711930-00712616 Okay, good. All right, well, thanks everybody. I hope you have a great time building your web applications. See you next week. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00000-00000017-00000369 Welcome to Old Dominion University Library's One Minute Tips. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00001-00000369-00000677 Our topic today Scholarly vs. Popular Sources. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00002-00000677-00001105 When it comes to finding sources, it's important to remember not all information is created AQF4Y1JzMgY-00003-00001105-00001205 equally. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00004-00001205-00001598 Sometimes your research needs can be met using popular sources, like websites, newspapers AQF4Y1JzMgY-00005-00001598-00001727 and glossy magazines. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00006-00001727-00002134 Other times, you will need more in-depth, researched articles from academic journals AQF4Y1JzMgY-00007-00002134-00002234 and reports. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00008-00002234-00002334 Still confused? AQF4Y1JzMgY-00009-00002334-00002557 We can think about it like choosing a snack. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00010-00002557-00002830 Say you have a choice between Laffy Taffy or almonds. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00011-00002830-00003019 Laffy Taffy is sweet, sugary and fun. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00012-00003019-00003315 It may be good for a quick fix, but it won't be that filling. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00013-00003315-00003670 Almonds are a superfood, full of protein and vitamin goodness. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00014-00003670-00004271 Still, both snacks are edible, much the same way that both a newspaper article and a journal AQF4Y1JzMgY-00015-00004271-00004371 article are credible. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00016-00004371-00004811 While you can cite both types of sources in your assignments, the scholarly article—like AQF4Y1JzMgY-00017-00004811-00005030 the almonds—will be more super, content-wise. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00018-00005030-00005530 Typically, the people writing scholarly articles have done a lot of research or conducted experiments AQF4Y1JzMgY-00019-00005530-00005717 and are presenting their original findings. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00020-00005717-00006018 The articles are longer, may contain charts and graphs and math stuff, and always have AQF4Y1JzMgY-00021-00006018-00006261 a works cited or references list at the end. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00022-00006261-00006614 Popular articles, are usually shorter, may summarize someone else's research rather than AQF4Y1JzMgY-00023-00006614-00007004 presenting the author's own research, and often have color photos and no works cited. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00024-00007004-00007150 Both types of sources are helpful. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00025-00007150-00007559 It's important to understand what source will best support your research or writing assignment—just AQF4Y1JzMgY-00026-00007559-00007743 like knowing what snack would meet your hunger needs. AQF4Y1JzMgY-00027-00007743-00007843 Still have questions? AQF4Y1JzMgY-00028-00007843-00007943 Ask a Librarian and we'll be happy to help! AQF4Y1JzMgY-00029-00007943-00008078 Thanks for watching, and join us next time for One Minute Tips. AULkZMFAzQo-00000-00000023-00000591 who's in charge of your learning you are in charge of your learning as we head AULkZMFAzQo-00001-00000591-00001034 through this road map and through the other 21 things digital road maps we AULkZMFAzQo-00002-00001034-00001454 have some opportunities for you to self reflect and to also take assessments AULkZMFAzQo-00003-00001454-00001877 that will help you to know do you understand the materials that we are AULkZMFAzQo-00004-00001877-00002598 covering we hope that you will take the time to find out do I really know how to AULkZMFAzQo-00005-00002598-00003021 do some of this stuff if not take the time to go back through some of the AULkZMFAzQo-00006-00003021-00003557 activities or to ask the questions of your classmates or possibly your teacher AULkZMFAzQo-00007-00003557-00004502 and find out the answers so who's in charge you are in charge AV-AOY_nH0M-00000-00000474-00000582 whoa AV-AOY_nH0M-00001-00001264-00001522 hello to da world!! AV-AOY_nH0M-00002-00001522-00001646 wassup!! AV-AOY_nH0M-00003-00001650-00002072 issho boy Sean Taylor in da.. back in da building muxxxxxx AV-AOY_nH0M-00004-00002134-00002232 lmao AV-AOY_nH0M-00005-00002232-00002420 why is that?? lol -feeling great today AV-AOY_nH0M-00006-00002420-00002584 seems like you're so hyped AV-AOY_nH0M-00007-00002584-00002714 high tension AV-AOY_nH0M-00008-00002716-00003150 well it's good to have such fresh start of monday AV-AOY_nH0M-00009-00003150-00003279 it's been a while tho -right AV-AOY_nH0M-00010-00003294-00003500 how was your trip? -yeahhhh Jeju island AV-AOY_nH0M-00011-00003500-00003650 make sure you go to there one day AV-AOY_nH0M-00012-00003650-00003754 go to!! AV-AOY_nH0M-00013-00003754-00003938 such a beautiful island AV-AOY_nH0M-00014-00003938-00004079 okay right -you should go AV-AOY_nH0M-00015-00004079-00004360 it's Korean version of Hawaii but despite he went to such beautiful island, AV-AOY_nH0M-00016-00004360-00004690 we're gonna do reaction on some cruel track AV-AOY_nH0M-00017-00004690-00004874 it's very scary tho -very very AV-AOY_nH0M-00018-00004876-00005110 there's such a hot beef these days AV-AOY_nH0M-00019-00005110-00005228 what's that? AV-AOY_nH0M-00020-00005232-00005668 it's Eminem versus~~~~~~ MGK AV-AOY_nH0M-00021-00005668-00005868 well MGk dissed Em and now AV-AOY_nH0M-00022-00005868-00006216 diss MGK back -I think he released new diss track against because i mentioned it AV-AOY_nH0M-00023-00006448-00006762 since i mentioned like Em would def fight back , I think he listened my words lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00024-00006780-00007431 aight then we're really wondering how the verse of Em's diss track is going AV-AOY_nH0M-00025-00007431-00007662 we're really wondering but before that AV-AOY_nH0M-00026-00007662-00007872 we should have time to look up to Em's profile AV-AOY_nH0M-00027-00007872-00008346 it's supposed to be longer but.. -since it's too much and we think you guys know Em much better than us AV-AOY_nH0M-00028-00008346-00008670 so we're gonna look up to his profile briefly AV-AOY_nH0M-00029-00008670-00008772 aight let's go AV-AOY_nH0M-00030-00008792-00009192 his name is Marshall Bruce.. oh it sounds like some Oriental AV-AOY_nH0M-00031-00009192-00009374 it's Marshall Bruce Mathers AV-AOY_nH0M-00032-00009374-00009588 Mathers? -Mathers III AV-AOY_nH0M-00033-00009596-00009882 seems like his family has such long history tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00034-00009882-00010036 what's that??? after Junior???? AV-AOY_nH0M-00035-00010036-00010148 Senior -no i mean AV-AOY_nH0M-00036-00010240-00010448 lmao AV-AOY_nH0M-00037-00010448-00010678 i mean how should i read this III like third??? AV-AOY_nH0M-00038-00010702-00010838 Third -yeah third AV-AOY_nH0M-00039-00010874-00011098 anyway, it's the third generation of Mathers AV-AOY_nH0M-00040-00011126-00011394 and he's born in 1972 AV-AOY_nH0M-00041-00011394-00011496 wow.. AV-AOY_nH0M-00042-00011496-00011682 he's old -yeah he's old AV-AOY_nH0M-00043-00011682-00012020 yeah feels like we're watching Janet Jackson's Profile tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00044-00012048-00012254 well he's 45 and AV-AOY_nH0M-00045-00012254-00012558 of course he's born in US it's Missouri... Saint?? AV-AOY_nH0M-00046-00012578-00012658 Joseph AV-AOY_nH0M-00047-00012658-00012832 yeah he's born in there -that's right AV-AOY_nH0M-00048-00012844-00013146 and his residence in these days is.. AV-AOY_nH0M-00049-00013158-00013566 Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan, U.S. AV-AOY_nH0M-00050-00013566-00013828 yeah he lives in there and AV-AOY_nH0M-00051-00013836-00014036 he got 3 children AV-AOY_nH0M-00052-00014036-00014241 and we've searched their name in Korean AV-AOY_nH0M-00053-00014241-00014344 Hailie Jade Mathers AV-AOY_nH0M-00054-00014352-00014512 Alaina Marie Mathers AV-AOY_nH0M-00055-00014522-00014736 and Whitney Scott Mathers AV-AOY_nH0M-00056-00014746-00015196 and it's the first child MGK was talking about AV-AOY_nH0M-00057-00015196-00015316 Hailie AV-AOY_nH0M-00058-00015318-00015580 anyway, he got 3 children like this AV-AOY_nH0M-00059-00015584-00015952 anyway , we've looked up to his profile briefly AV-AOY_nH0M-00060-00015994-00016610 now we're really wondering how Eminem the original 'Rap God' shoot MGK -yeah curious AV-AOY_nH0M-00061-00016628-00016850 and since we're Korean AV-AOY_nH0M-00062-00016850-00017132 we would probably barely understand the lyrics tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00063-00017150-00017714 so we're gonna put Korean interpretation on the right and do reaction AV-AOY_nH0M-00064-00017714-00017976 maybe you guys wouldn't see the interpretation but hope you understand AV-AOY_nH0M-00065-00017994-00018194 aight let's start AV-AOY_nH0M-00066-00018210-00018538 1 2 3 LIT action! AV-AOY_nH0M-00067-00019048-00019248 ohh lol You done!! AV-AOY_nH0M-00068-00021126-00021338 he started with slow flow -right AV-AOY_nH0M-00069-00021676-00021810 here we go AV-AOY_nH0M-00070-00022348-00022498 hahah AV-AOY_nH0M-00071-00023042-00023178 got me in a scope AV-AOY_nH0M-00072-00023236-00023352 you graze me AV-AOY_nH0M-00073-00023702-00023804 whoooo AV-AOY_nH0M-00074-00023948-00024222 hahahahahah AV-AOY_nH0M-00075-00024404-00024532 wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00076-00024984-00025150 damnnn whooo AV-AOY_nH0M-00077-00025374-00025504 wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00078-00025768-00025872 gunner?? AV-AOY_nH0M-00079-00025995-00026338 Gunner? Bitch, you ain't a bow and arrow AV-AOY_nH0M-00080-00026338-00026570 wow that's dope -damn AV-AOY_nH0M-00081-00026574-00026848 it's dope from Em's mocking kells with goat AV-AOY_nH0M-00082-00026848-00026952 woo wooo AV-AOY_nH0M-00083-00026952-00027089 no joking bro -R Kelly whoo~ AV-AOY_nH0M-00084-00027089-00027302 he said even though he's old AV-AOY_nH0M-00085-00027302-00027616 I got... well how can i say AV-AOY_nH0M-00086-00027656-00028020 it's like By 29 I had three albums that had blew but you aint AV-AOY_nH0M-00087-00028020-00028208 yeah that's sick tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00088-00028214-00028636 honestly , i prefer MGK to Eminem AV-AOY_nH0M-00089-00028639-00029195 but this flow, this is the type of flow that i really like -right? AV-AOY_nH0M-00090-00029230-00029458 well when i listened to his recent songs AV-AOY_nH0M-00091-00029468-00029774 i thought well, Em could be dissed but in here whoooo AV-AOY_nH0M-00092-00029774-00029916 again... as usual AV-AOY_nH0M-00093-00029916-00030276 cuz i didn't really like his such high tone voice in Slim Shady songs -ahh AV-AOY_nH0M-00094-00030276-00030402 but i really like this way better AV-AOY_nH0M-00095-00030402-00030695 hoping he keep rapping with this voice -it's way rougher and cooler AV-AOY_nH0M-00096-00030695-00030864 i prefer this style AV-AOY_nH0M-00097-00030868-00031068 without high tone voice AV-AOY_nH0M-00098-00031068-00031226 it'd be much better -right right AV-AOY_nH0M-00099-00031226-00031414 let's keep going AV-AOY_nH0M-00100-00031839-00031966 hahah AV-AOY_nH0M-00101-00032102-00032195 Cheerios AV-AOY_nH0M-00102-00032366-00032480 waa AV-AOY_nH0M-00103-00032954-00033038 damn AV-AOY_nH0M-00104-00033098-00033190 oops AV-AOY_nH0M-00105-00033644-00033844 hahahah AV-AOY_nH0M-00106-00034254-00034454 wa~~~~~~ AV-AOY_nH0M-00107-00034544-00034730 wow we paused here cuz it's too dope AV-AOY_nH0M-00108-00034730-00035178 I'd rather be 80-year-old me than 20-year-old you AV-AOY_nH0M-00109-00035178-00035302 yeah right wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00110-00035306-00035506 this shit just like... without any swear words AV-AOY_nH0M-00111-00035506-00035664 , make him feel so bad.. AV-AOY_nH0M-00112-00035688-00035850 make him so depressed lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00113-00035852-00036146 no matter how old or young AV-AOY_nH0M-00114-00036146-00036394 like you aint on my level lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00115-00036394-00036558 whether you're young or old.. AV-AOY_nH0M-00116-00036558-00036736 you aint shit lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00117-00036766-00037018 that's sick let's keep it goint AV-AOY_nH0M-00118-00037946-00038054 Lil tay lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00119-00038536-00038696 fuxxing dig your own grave AV-AOY_nH0M-00120-00039022-00039222 hahaha AV-AOY_nH0M-00121-00039558-00039794 Benzino -I thought he's saying Beenzino tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00122-00039964-00040096 Satanist AV-AOY_nH0M-00123-00040724-00040880 damn shit going hard AV-AOY_nH0M-00124-00041416-00041526 wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00125-00042102-00042224 this is it AV-AOY_nH0M-00126-00042748-00042886 wow this is something AV-AOY_nH0M-00127-00043292-00043458 whoa suck a dick lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00128-00043504-00043672 wow did you see? AV-AOY_nH0M-00129-00043762-00044030 i did -wow that he 's counter attacking about that MGK was messing with his height AV-AOY_nH0M-00130-00044030-00044318 counter attacking like you must look up to me lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00131-00044324-00044672 But if I was three foot 11, You'd look up to me -haha AV-AOY_nH0M-00132-00044672-00044792 hbaha AV-AOY_nH0M-00133-00044792-00044970 and then what's the next tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00134-00044970-00045150 like you suck a dick .. AV-AOY_nH0M-00135-00045170-00045596 you suck a dick to be me for a second -right wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00136-00045612-00045888 like he's keep talking like you aint on my level AV-AOY_nH0M-00137-00045904-00046104 like saying it's different class AV-AOY_nH0M-00138-00046104-00046244 uhhhh AV-AOY_nH0M-00139-00046244-00046358 it's killing AV-AOY_nH0M-00140-00046366-00046728 well honestly since i'm on the side of MGK AV-AOY_nH0M-00141-00046766-00047038 i'm supposed to be biased but AV-AOY_nH0M-00142-00047042-00047290 my head is bouncing like automatically AV-AOY_nH0M-00143-00047316-00047590 really? well i think since i'm same height with Em, AV-AOY_nH0M-00144-00047610-00047772 I'm on Em's side AV-AOY_nH0M-00145-00047820-00047984 lmao AV-AOY_nH0M-00146-00047984-00048168 i was pissed when MGK talking about height lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00147-00048168-00048412 in my opinion, the taller would be the better if i'm not same height with Em AV-AOY_nH0M-00148-00048412-00048630 i understand cuz you got such peanut height AV-AOY_nH0M-00149-00048658-00048840 aight let's go AV-AOY_nH0M-00150-00049626-00049826 sounds like.. he missed the tempo just little bit AV-AOY_nH0M-00151-00050600-00050718 whoa AV-AOY_nH0M-00152-00051229-00051334 Sombrero AV-AOY_nH0M-00153-00051591-00051710 oh AV-AOY_nH0M-00154-00051988-00052272 in here, he's on G-eazy's side AV-AOY_nH0M-00155-00052272-00052448 well, it's pretty erotic but. AV-AOY_nH0M-00156-00052448-00052610 he's rooting for G eazy now AV-AOY_nH0M-00157-00052610-00052744 right but AV-AOY_nH0M-00158-00052764-00052936 well i'm not sure but AV-AOY_nH0M-00159-00052936-00053222 i thin G and Halsey 're dating again cuz the explanation saying they broke up for a while AV-AOY_nH0M-00160-00053222-00053624 and i 've seen some pics they posted on their insta recently AV-AOY_nH0M-00161-00053624-00053766 ummmm AV-AOY_nH0M-00162-00053778-00054096 but we're not sure so hope you guys let us know AV-AOY_nH0M-00163-00054120-00054616 but i think Em's just mentioned this to make MGK more pissed AV-AOY_nH0M-00164-00054616-00054778 the explanation is even more funny AV-AOY_nH0M-00165-00054800-00055126 Cause Young Gerald's balls-deep inside of Halsey AV-AOY_nH0M-00166-00055166-00055241 wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00167-00055250-00055355 too shy tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00168-00055355-00055436 let's go AV-AOY_nH0M-00169-00055870-00056070 oh? is Love better is R Kelly's song? AV-AOY_nH0M-00170-00057378-00057470 L's AV-AOY_nH0M-00171-00058952-00059105 wow this is... AV-AOY_nH0M-00172-00059167-00059410 lmao AV-AOY_nH0M-00173-00059705-00059905 what's the matter with the auto tune tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00174-00059922-00060140 right cuz Sean is such an auto tune lover AV-AOY_nH0M-00175-00060148-00060348 oh that's why your on MGK's side tho? AV-AOY_nH0M-00176-00060355-00060591 yeah i'm on his side -lmao AV-AOY_nH0M-00177-00060591-00060767 alright lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00178-00060782-00061082 since you're saying like that, i'm on Em's side -okay i get it AV-AOY_nH0M-00179-00061096-00061176 ahh lol that's funny AV-AOY_nH0M-00180-00061176-00061416 i'm sick of your mumble rap mouth AV-AOY_nH0M-00181-00061417-00061634 well i'm also the type of person who mumbles a lot AV-AOY_nH0M-00182-00061634-00061796 so it kinda makes me pissed lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00183-00061796-00061900 aight let's keep going AV-AOY_nH0M-00184-00063528-00063879 even the last outro implies that MGK is under Diddy AV-AOY_nH0M-00185-00063905-00064188 ohhh aight ~~~~ AV-AOY_nH0M-00186-00064204-00064340 wattup guys AV-AOY_nH0M-00187-00064340-00064491 wow wow wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00188-00064491-00064686 wow as always... -wow wow wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00189-00064732-00064932 cuz that was too intense tho lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00190-00064932-00065160 i really enjoyed it -yeah oh it's like.. AV-AOY_nH0M-00191-00065164-00065396 watching fights is always so fun AV-AOY_nH0M-00192-00065396-00065572 but honestly i wanna root for MGK AV-AOY_nH0M-00193-00065572-00065854 first of all it's over 10 years gap between their age AV-AOY_nH0M-00194-00065860-00066170 so if this kinda thing happened in Korea,,, AV-AOY_nH0M-00195-00066172-00066446 MGK would be blamed like what a bastard lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00196-00066446-00066678 right -show some respect for old man !!! AV-AOY_nH0M-00197-00066678-00066856 how could you mess with his daughter!!! AV-AOY_nH0M-00198-00066856-00067140 yeah if it was in Korea, MGK would've already gone AV-AOY_nH0M-00199-00067140-00067304 but each culture is differnt AV-AOY_nH0M-00200-00067328-00067638 but def, i really like this flow in here AV-AOY_nH0M-00201-00067638-00067846 i don't usually listen to Em's songs AV-AOY_nH0M-00202-00067846-00068036 yeah honestly we don't really like Em's songs AV-AOY_nH0M-00203-00068036-00068202 cuz we're not high tone guys AV-AOY_nH0M-00204-00068212-00068480 me also don't really like it much AV-AOY_nH0M-00205-00068480-00068620 like in the song Slim Shady , he's like.. AV-AOY_nH0M-00206-00068646-00068848 ing~ ing~ ing~ AV-AOY_nH0M-00207-00069068-00069302 something like this?? lol -something like Slim Shady~~ AV-AOY_nH0M-00208-00069302-00069496 there's some vibe like AV-AOY_nH0M-00209-00069516-00069840 like making fun of someone or joking someone lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00210-00069840-00070002 we didn't really like that but AV-AOY_nH0M-00211-00070002-00070238 it's much better he's rapping like this in here AV-AOY_nH0M-00212-00070238-00070446 he really did make Killshot tho -right wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00213-00070454-00070700 wish MGK released another diss track soon AV-AOY_nH0M-00214-00070700-00070854 wanna see more AV-AOY_nH0M-00215-00070854-00071110 but i think he wouldn't -i think so AV-AOY_nH0M-00216-00071132-00071466 cuz it's too dog fighting -yeah it's dog fighting AV-AOY_nH0M-00217-00071466-00071636 it would be too messy AV-AOY_nH0M-00218-00071644-00071904 well... Eminem as always.. AV-AOY_nH0M-00219-00071904-00072002 no doubt AV-AOY_nH0M-00220-00072014-00072522 honestly Em's diss would be not good.. AV-AOY_nH0M-00221-00072522-00072708 but this is just killing, -yeah i like it too AV-AOY_nH0M-00222-00072716-00073032 and i like this song better because it has such bouncing AV-AOY_nH0M-00223-00073032-00073180 it's very joyful and AV-AOY_nH0M-00224-00073180-00073296 yeah it's nice AV-AOY_nH0M-00225-00073296-00073452 yeah -wow AV-AOY_nH0M-00226-00073456-00073832 MGK!!! again!1 i'm rooting for MGK tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00227-00073842-00074062 me?? respect for Eminem AV-AOY_nH0M-00228-00074066-00074398 but hope they make up someday with grabbing drinks AV-AOY_nH0M-00229-00074398-00074534 right? AV-AOY_nH0M-00230-00074534-00074694 with a gun at their back??? AV-AOY_nH0M-00231-00074694-00074812 lmao AV-AOY_nH0M-00232-00074812-00074922 like this?? AV-AOY_nH0M-00233-00074922-00075040 saying got you in a scope AV-AOY_nH0M-00234-00075040-00075148 bang!!! AV-AOY_nH0M-00235-00075148-00075340 and shoot when someone got drunk lol AV-AOY_nH0M-00236-00075340-00075724 lmfao you're such an asshole AV-AOY_nH0M-00237-00075736-00076046 anyway.. lol we're just playing AV-AOY_nH0M-00238-00076070-00076718 and we'll be back with another great videos and reaction videos on diss tracks(and starting mumbling) AV-AOY_nH0M-00239-00076926-00077286 wow mumbler lol you just got dissed AV-AOY_nH0M-00240-00077286-00077336 lmao AV-AOY_nH0M-00241-00077336-00077506 aight at the last , we got one more thing to say AV-AOY_nH0M-00242-00077506-00078426 you guys liked this video press like, subscribe and alarming! AV-AOY_nH0M-00243-00078430-00078654 please, then we'd be so thankful! AV-AOY_nH0M-00244-00078654-00078910 and we'll see you soon AV-AOY_nH0M-00245-00078910-00079052 it'd be tomorrow tho AV-AOY_nH0M-00246-00079052-00079256 until then stay tuned for us!!! AV-AOY_nH0M-00247-00079256-00079400 yeah i'm back! AV-AOY_nH0M-00248-00079414-00079588 then let's say and finish this quickly AV-AOY_nH0M-00249-00079588-00079842 1 2 3 LIT action! Aag-YWlOPVI-00000-00000006-00000324 You want to make money with Clickbank. I'm going to show you how. I'm going to show Aag-YWlOPVI-00001-00000324-00000861 you how to sign-up, find your niche, find link, post it, track it and make some money Aag-YWlOPVI-00002-00000861-00002196 step by step. On my computer, in just a second. Cool, so I'm going to be showing you Aag-YWlOPVI-00003-00002196-00002561 how to make money with Clickbank. I love clickbank. Clickbank is where I make my Aag-YWlOPVI-00004-00002561-00003225 first thousand dollar day. Back in 2012 actually. But I do about half a million Aag-YWlOPVI-00005-00003225-00003689 dollars a month right now on Clickbank which sounds kind of unbelievable. Aag-YWlOPVI-00006-00003689-00004110 But I'm going to be walking me through how you can make money with Clickbank right Aag-YWlOPVI-00007-00004110-00004668 here in today's videos. So, check this out. I'm on Clickbank right now. If we go Aag-YWlOPVI-00008-00004668-00005166 right here. See, Clickbank. And to go to clickbank, just go to clickbank.com first Aag-YWlOPVI-00009-00005166-00005603 off. And the first step is you want to sign up. And you need to create an Aag-YWlOPVI-00010-00005603-00006135 account. So you click right up here and you click create account. Clickbank is Aag-YWlOPVI-00011-00006135-00006489 going to ask you for some information. They're going to ask you for your name, your Aag-YWlOPVI-00012-00006489-00006951 address all that stuff. And they're also going to ask you for your banking Aag-YWlOPVI-00013-00006951-00007365 information. This is fine. Click bank's been around for 21 years. And run by Aag-YWlOPVI-00014-00007365-00007868 really nice Mormon people up in Boise, Idaho. That are good at accounting and Aag-YWlOPVI-00015-00007868-00008486 they're not going to screen out anything. It's a reputable, long-lasting, profitable Aag-YWlOPVI-00016-00008486-00008972 company that I love working with. And I've been working with them forever. And Aag-YWlOPVI-00017-00008972-00009554 the thing is they ask for your banking information because they need to know Aag-YWlOPVI-00018-00009554-00010038 where to pay you, okay? So, that's why. So don't be alarmed by if they're asking for your Aag-YWlOPVI-00019-00010038-00010329 banking information. Then the last for your account information, it doesn't Aag-YWlOPVI-00020-00010329-00010775 matter what your nickname is. Your nickname is your account identifier. And Aag-YWlOPVI-00021-00010775-00011217 what you pick doesn't matter. It's not public information. So, when you sign up, Aag-YWlOPVI-00022-00011217-00011607 you'll come to a dashboard. Sort of like this page. You'll have your weekly sales Aag-YWlOPVI-00023-00011607-00012102 snapshot right here. And you'll also have your daily sales snapshot right here. So, Aag-YWlOPVI-00024-00012102-00012585 this is one of my many affiliate accounts with Clickbank because I use so Aag-YWlOPVI-00025-00012585-00012903 many different advertising things of a lot of accounts at Aag-YWlOPVI-00026-00012903-00013302 this point. Let's go out of here. First, you need to choose your niche. Now, to Aag-YWlOPVI-00027-00013302-00013659 choose your niche, you want to go over to their marketplace. The marketplace is Aag-YWlOPVI-00028-00013659-00014160 this little link up here. Or if you're on the Clickbank homepage, you'll see the Aag-YWlOPVI-00029-00014160-00014652 marketplace is right here. Affiliate marketplace. So, we'll click that Aag-YWlOPVI-00030-00014652-00015078 marketplace link because that has all of the products which you can make money Aag-YWlOPVI-00031-00015078-00015519 with. Now, what you'll see is, you could search for products but you can also Aag-YWlOPVI-00032-00015519-00016206 find products in the categories area on the left side. This is where you can find Aag-YWlOPVI-00033-00016206-00016722 your niche. Now, you know, everybody in marketing and sales and stuff talks Aag-YWlOPVI-00034-00016722-00017064 about you know, finding your niche. Find your passion. First, I'm going to give you my Aag-YWlOPVI-00035-00017064-00017526 2 cents on this. Because I think niches and whatever your passion is, I think it's BS. Aag-YWlOPVI-00036-00017526-00017916 I was actually having a discussion with Allie earlier about this. You know, I love Aag-YWlOPVI-00037-00017916-00018582 kite surfing. I love skiing. I'm not Pro material. And I don't think Aag-YWlOPVI-00038-00018582-00019131 I'm ever going to be pro material. So, it doesn't make sense for me to try to make Aag-YWlOPVI-00039-00019131-00019701 a business out of kite surfing or skiing, unfortunately. You know, what does make Aag-YWlOPVI-00040-00019701-00020280 sense for me is to make money and afford myself the freedom so that I can go Aag-YWlOPVI-00041-00020280-00020712 skiing or kite surfing when I want to. Another thing. Getting a family and all Aag-YWlOPVI-00042-00020712-00021207 that stuff complicates this stuff. But the point is the same as... I'm not a big Aag-YWlOPVI-00043-00021207-00021630 fan of niches. I'm a big fan of just doing what makes money and then going to Aag-YWlOPVI-00044-00021630-00021903 the other things. But let's assume that you would need to find something that Aag-YWlOPVI-00045-00021903-00022260 you're comfortable marketing. You can choose your category here. Now, if you're Aag-YWlOPVI-00046-00022260-00022758 interested in cooking food and wine, you can click on that category and you can Aag-YWlOPVI-00047-00022758-00023223 find products to sell that will give you commissions in the cooking food and wine Aag-YWlOPVI-00048-00023223-00023697 category. Now, here's a great one. So, we see there's a product here called keto Aag-YWlOPVI-00049-00023697-00024170 resources. That is about the ketogenic diet. I think a pretty good diet. But I'm Aag-YWlOPVI-00050-00024170-00024552 going to start dieting soon. But the ketogenic diet I think is something Aag-YWlOPVI-00051-00024552-00025014 about reducing carbs which are kind of a problem in our society. Now, let's say you Aag-YWlOPVI-00052-00025014-00025512 wanted to promote that. You can make $22. Let's zoom in on this. You can make $22 Aag-YWlOPVI-00053-00025512-00025972 per sale every time you recommend this product to somebody and they buy it. You Aag-YWlOPVI-00054-00025972-00026449 make $22. Which is great. You sell a couple of those, you help expose a couple Aag-YWlOPVI-00055-00026449-00026899 people to the ketogenic diet a day and you're earning a full-time income. Aag-YWlOPVI-00056-00026899-00027258 He'll expose more than a couple people to the ketogenic diet a day you're Aag-YWlOPVI-00057-00027258-00027772 making a pretty good income. Now, what I look for just in a product is I look for Aag-YWlOPVI-00058-00027772-00028452 what has the most popularity or what has the highest gravity. Gravity and Aag-YWlOPVI-00059-00028452-00029002 popularity is sort of similar but in any event, we see this product has 117 Aag-YWlOPVI-00060-00029002-00029692 gravity. That means 117 other people are making at least one sale of this product Aag-YWlOPVI-00061-00029692-00030031 every single week. That means some of these people may be Aag-YWlOPVI-00062-00030031-00030466 making hundreds of sales per day of this product. The point being, this is the Aag-YWlOPVI-00063-00030466-00030844 indicator. How many other people are successfully selling this product is an Aag-YWlOPVI-00064-00030844-00031366 indicator of how well it sells. Would you rather... If you were goign tO start a Aag-YWlOPVI-00065-00031366-00031768 franchise because affiliate marketing is sort of like starting a franchise. Would Aag-YWlOPVI-00066-00031768-00032227 you rather be opening a McDonald's franchise or would you rather open a Aag-YWlOPVI-00067-00032227-00032683 busters burgers franchise? It's obvious. You want to open a McDonald's franchise Aag-YWlOPVI-00068-00032683-00033277 because you know that sells. You know that is making franchisees tons of money. Aag-YWlOPVI-00069-00033277-00033589 Thousands of franchisees all over the world. Aag-YWlOPVI-00070-00033589-00034015 Buster's burgers is unproven. Everything about the business. I made the business Aag-YWlOPVI-00071-00034015-00034384 up. But you want to sell what's proven. And just because other people are Aag-YWlOPVI-00072-00034384-00034791 selling it, just because other people are have McDonald's franchises doesn't mean Aag-YWlOPVI-00073-00034791-00035280 that there isn't space for another one. You know, I live in Los Angeles. There are Aag-YWlOPVI-00074-00035280-00035746 hundreds of McDonald's franchises. But what I hear a lot of people say from Aag-YWlOPVI-00075-00035746-00036235 scarcity mindset is say, "Oh, somebody already opened up the McDonald's in Aag-YWlOPVI-00076-00036235-00036495 Santa Monica." Aag-YWlOPVI-00077-00036563-00037093 Don't think that. Okay? You want to sell what's already selling. So, let's promote Aag-YWlOPVI-00078-00037093-00037375 this product. Now, the next step. We found our niche. Aag-YWlOPVI-00079-00037375-00037900 We found the product or the offer we want to promote. Now, what the next step Aag-YWlOPVI-00080-00037900-00038338 is, is you go to this button that says, "Promote." Right there. And this is where Aag-YWlOPVI-00081-00038338-00038866 you will get your link. Promote. Boom! And this is the account nickname from my Aag-YWlOPVI-00082-00038866-00039184 account. You know jcint7. And you can Aag-YWlOPVI-00083-00039184-00039637 put in tracking ID. It says, "optional." But let's just click generate complex. Okau? Aag-YWlOPVI-00084-00039637-00040051 Click "generate hop link." And will generate your link. Let's say I'm posting Aag-YWlOPVI-00085-00040051-00040468 this in an email. Don't want to see how it works. So, I just click track the ID, Aag-YWlOPVI-00086-00040468-00040987 email and I click generate hop link, okay? So, this is my hop link. So, I could Aag-YWlOPVI-00087-00040987-00041482 highlight it like this and click copy. Or I could just click this button and it Aag-YWlOPVI-00088-00041482-00041853 copies it. And says you have successfully copied your hop link. We're going to take this Aag-YWlOPVI-00089-00041853-00042412 link. And the next step is we need to post it somewhere. We need somebody to Aag-YWlOPVI-00090-00042412-00042886 click this link and buy this product so we can make some money. Let's go get it. Aag-YWlOPVI-00091-00042886-00043422 Okay? So, where I'm going to start posting my link is the... I don't know. We're going tO use Aag-YWlOPVI-00092-00043422-00044013 a really easy thing that everybody has. --A free traffic source. Hidden traffic Aag-YWlOPVI-00093-00044013-00044371 source that is under your fingertips. That you can use right now. Doesn't cost Aag-YWlOPVI-00094-00044371-00044740 any money and almost guaranteed to give you good conversions if you do it right. Aag-YWlOPVI-00095-00044740-00045153 So, we can go here and I'm going tO go to my email and I'm going to write an email. I'm Aag-YWlOPVI-00096-00045153-00045433 going to write it to a friend of mine. That's not a real email obviously. It Aag-YWlOPVI-00097-00045433-00045766 just says "friend". But I'm going to write in the subject line. I don't know what I'm Aag-YWlOPVI-00098-00045766-00046222 going to write in the subject line. But I'm just going to say ketogenic diet. New diet Aag-YWlOPVI-00099-00046222-00046987 I'm trying. Check it out. And what I could do is I could say "Dude, remember talking Aag-YWlOPVI-00100-00046987-00047716 about how we were both going to lose weight? Check these results." You know, I Aag-YWlOPVI-00101-00047716-00048226 could use picture. I could say like I lost 5 pounds in the Aag-YWlOPVI-00102-00048226-00048727 last week. This program really works. Now, I'm just making up some marketing copy Aag-YWlOPVI-00103-00048727-00049174 here. Again don't ever say anything like that doesn't fully make sense. In this Aag-YWlOPVI-00104-00049174-00049526 case, I didn't actually lose 5 pounds. But the point being, you know, Aag-YWlOPVI-00105-00049526-00049934 if I were to send this email, I could post my link there or I could say or I Aag-YWlOPVI-00106-00049934-00050384 could highlight this and click the link button. Put my Lincoln right there. I Aag-YWlOPVI-00107-00050384-00050993 could say, "Check these results. Some other people lost 5 pounds in the last week. Aag-YWlOPVI-00108-00050993-00051322 This program really works." That is a way you could get your link out there. And Aag-YWlOPVI-00109-00051322-00051827 people will open it and click on that app. Now, that is a very simple way of Aag-YWlOPVI-00110-00051827-00052192 getting your ad out there. Getting your link out there and getting you a chance Aag-YWlOPVI-00111-00052192-00052685 for people to buy it. Now, another way to actually promote this. If you don't know Aag-YWlOPVI-00112-00052685-00053324 what to write, most programs have actual ads that are already created for you on Aag-YWlOPVI-00113-00053324-00053735 their affiliate page. So, here we are back in Clickbank. And what we see is Aag-YWlOPVI-00114-00053735-00054149 affiliate page and you can click on this link or you can even email their support. Aag-YWlOPVI-00115-00054149-00054614 And ask them, "Hey, I wanted to send an email to some of my friends. What should Aag-YWlOPVI-00116-00054614-00055001 I write?" So, I'm going to click on this and I'm going to look at their affiliate page. Aag-YWlOPVI-00117-00055001-00055916 They have some information here. Let's just type in 7 email to receive our Aag-YWlOPVI-00118-00055916-00056321 latest information. Let's see if they have any information. Sometimes they Aag-YWlOPVI-00119-00056321-00056789 actually have helpful materials for affiliates. In this case, they don't. But Aag-YWlOPVI-00120-00056789-00057182 some programs do have information you can use to promote their offer more Aag-YWlOPVI-00121-00057182-00057608 effectively. So, I'm just going to go to the most popular products in the Clickbank Aag-YWlOPVI-00122-00057608-00058112 marketplace. And what we see here is the Flat Belly Fix. And this product pays out Aag-YWlOPVI-00123-00058112-00058673 almost $40 per sale in Commission. And they have almost double the gravity. Aag-YWlOPVI-00124-00058673-00059033 Almost double the amount of people are selling this product compared to the Aag-YWlOPVI-00125-00059033-00059522 other product. So, what I can do here is I can click on their affiliate page and I Aag-YWlOPVI-00126-00059522-00059828 could get some email swipes from these people. Aag-YWlOPVI-00127-00059828-00060389 So, it says click for email swipe. The flat belly fix. And here, they give us the Aag-YWlOPVI-00128-00060389-00060904 top creative. So, if I wanted to send an email, I could say, "Use this subject line. Aag-YWlOPVI-00129-00060904-00061562 1 cup tomorrow morning burnish 3 pounds of belly fat." AAnd go to my email and I'd Aag-YWlOPVI-00130-00061562-00062029 write that. One cup this morning burns 20 pounds of belly fat." And then I'd copy Aag-YWlOPVI-00131-00062029-00062513 this. Change out of my email with their proven email right here. "If you have Aag-YWlOPVI-00132-00062513-00062816 try this, you're going to want to add this to your morning routine drinking. Aag-YWlOPVI-00133-00062816-00063251 One cup of that delicious beverage.... Blah-blah-blah-blah-blah." Aag-YWlOPVI-00134-00063251-00063686 And what I'll do then is I will change out their link for my link. Aag-YWlOPVI-00135-00063686-00064487 Okay? So, I'll click promote, I'll click email. Generate hop link. Copy and I will Aag-YWlOPVI-00136-00064487-00064942 highlight this link and I'll just change it right there so you paste my link. What Aag-YWlOPVI-00137-00064942-00065357 URL should this go to. If you see that. This is linked to web address and I Aag-YWlOPVI-00138-00065357-00065834 posted my Clickbank link there then I'm gonna click "okay." And there we go. My Aag-YWlOPVI-00139-00065834-00066152 initials at the bottom. That's how you could get your link out there. That's a Aag-YWlOPVI-00140-00066152-00066530 very simple method. Now, you could also go above. And beyond you could actually Aag-YWlOPVI-00141-00066530-00067043 write a post on Facebook. I could post the same thing. I could you know, I could Aag-YWlOPVI-00142-00067043-00067532 post my link in there and I could post the same information. You know, I could Aag-YWlOPVI-00143-00067532-00067904 say if you haven't tried this yet. And I post this to my friends. And it would Aag-YWlOPVI-00144-00067904-00068345 link to the flat belly fix. So, you could do a lot of things to get people to your Aag-YWlOPVI-00145-00068345-00068777 affiliate link. See in it. And once it populates within Facebook, I can even Aag-YWlOPVI-00146-00068777-00069323 delete that ugly link so that if people go to my post, it will have the link on Aag-YWlOPVI-00147-00069323-00069950 the bottom already populated like that. Then all I would click is share. Now, this Aag-YWlOPVI-00148-00069950-00070439 is... I mean it is. The free method of getting traffic. Completely free. But Aag-YWlOPVI-00149-00070439-00070826 again, you probably sitting here watching this, you're probably and I feel weird Aag-YWlOPVI-00150-00070826-00071219 about spamming my friends, right? I do. I do. Aag-YWlOPVI-00151-00071219-00071846 Not sharing this. But it is... I do suggest you do it to get started. Now, the best way to do Aag-YWlOPVI-00152-00071846-00072293 affiliate marketing is to do advertising. It's a much more scalable opportunity. Aag-YWlOPVI-00153-00072293-00072710 Instead of making a couple hundred bucks off your friends, you could make millions Aag-YWlOPVI-00154-00072710-00073262 of dollars off of the mass of people that probably need more help Aag-YWlOPVI-00155-00073262-00073838 getting a flat belly. You know, I know I do, than other people. So, advertising is a Aag-YWlOPVI-00156-00073838-00074303 whole other subject. if you're interested in learning advertising, you can go to my Aag-YWlOPVI-00157-00074303-00074651 free affiliate marketing course. I'm going to have my assistant post it Aag-YWlOPVI-00158-00074651-00075026 somewhere or you can just subscribe to my channel. Once you subscribe to my Aag-YWlOPVI-00159-00075026-00075305 channel and hit the bell, it will actually appear Aag-YWlOPVI-00160-00075305-00075746 on my homepage. My free course on affiliate marketing. Now the next step Aag-YWlOPVI-00161-00075746-00076106 after somebody goes to your link, okay? Where does the link go?? I'm just Aag-YWlOPVI-00162-00076106-00076490 going to show you where the link goes real quick. It goes to this page which is Aag-YWlOPVI-00163-00076490-00077033 built to convert people and make sure that it offers people something of value Aag-YWlOPVI-00164-00077033-00077699 and makes you money, okay? Now, what we do next is we want to actually track if our Aag-YWlOPVI-00165-00077699-00078200 links are working and if we're selling products. So, the final step is we will go... Aag-YWlOPVI-00166-00078200-00078650 When were in Clickbank, we will go to this area called reporting. And I'll Aag-YWlOPVI-00167-00078650-00079238 click on reporting. And what we see here is we see we have a click that came in. Aag-YWlOPVI-00168-00079238-00079781 It says one click for FB fix. Which is the flat belly fix. Let's look at my hops. Aag-YWlOPVI-00169-00079781-00080294 They Clickbank calls it hops by tracking ID. And what we'll see here is we have Aag-YWlOPVI-00170-00080294-00080816 that hop. We had originally sent with the identifier that says email. So, it's Aag-YWlOPVI-00171-00080816-00081242 working and as we see, the person did not purchase. But this is how affiliate Aag-YWlOPVI-00172-00081242-00081704 marketing is done. Now, let's say you're posting your link on email on Facebook, Aag-YWlOPVI-00173-00081704-00082154 on Twitter, on Instagram. Let's say you have multiple apps or you're posting it Aag-YWlOPVI-00174-00082154-00082550 in facebook groups or posting it in forums or whatever you're doing. You Aag-YWlOPVI-00175-00082550-00082964 could put an identifier so you can figure out where each link came from. And Aag-YWlOPVI-00176-00082964-00083504 you can actually be able to tell exactly who clicked on your link, where they came Aag-YWlOPVI-00177-00083504-00083885 from. And you can optimize your advertising that way. Let's say the Aag-YWlOPVI-00178-00083885-00084257 emails you sent make you the most money. You'll probably want to focus your Aag-YWlOPVI-00179-00084257-00084644 efforts on that email. Or let's say you had 5 Facebook ads telling people they Aag-YWlOPVI-00180-00084644-00084971 could lose weight and to check out the cute objector the flat belly fix. And Aag-YWlOPVI-00181-00084971-00085499 only one of the ad is generating sales. You'll want to cut the other 4 ads so Aag-YWlOPVI-00182-00085499-00085850 you're left with the one winner. That's generally how it works out. And you just Aag-YWlOPVI-00183-00085850-00086231 keep cutting the red and you figure out what marketing message work, what groups Aag-YWlOPVI-00184-00086231-00086729 of people work the best to show your ads to. And you optimize based on that until Aag-YWlOPVI-00185-00086729-00087248 you are making as much money as you want to be making. Now, in my case, as you see Aag-YWlOPVI-00186-00087248-00087638 my Clickbank account, I have all this weird junk here. You know, weird out Aag-YWlOPVI-00187-00087638-00088079 numbers and letters. And what those numbers and letters are? I actually use Aag-YWlOPVI-00188-00088079-00088388 software and it kind of automates this process Aag-YWlOPVI-00189-00088388-00088853 to figure out where each clip came from and what's working and you know, I have a Aag-YWlOPVI-00190-00088853-00089300 more complex setup because I'm doing this on a much bigger scale than most Aag-YWlOPVI-00191-00089300-00089690 people. I don't recommend you start out with a clique tracker, Aag-YWlOPVI-00192-00089690-00090215 like volume or click tool. I recommend you just start out with posting an ad or Aag-YWlOPVI-00193-00090215-00090629 putting up a post and getting people to just be clicking on your affiliate link. Aag-YWlOPVI-00194-00090629-00091228 Just start baby steps at a time. Get your first commissions and then get more Aag-YWlOPVI-00195-00091228-00091598 until your business starts to become bigger. Don't put the cart before the Aag-YWlOPVI-00196-00091598-00091958 horse. Take it one step at a time. Subscribe to my channel and go through Aag-YWlOPVI-00197-00091958-00092381 my training course and you know, you can see how to take it one step at a time. Aag-YWlOPVI-00198-00092381-00092828 Boom! I just showed you how to make money with Clickbank. It's easy. Sign up, niche, Aag-YWlOPVI-00199-00092828-00093392 link, post and track. Not too complicated but really diving into things and Aag-YWlOPVI-00200-00093392-00093824 learning how to actually do. Write the ads or do the advertising or do the Aag-YWlOPVI-00201-00093824-00094217 copywriting is a little bit more of a complex thing. And I have a training Aag-YWlOPVI-00202-00094217-00094604 course on my site that you can sign up for. There should be a link in the Aag-YWlOPVI-00203-00094604-00094997 description if you want to get started with that. Now, what I recommend you do is Aag-YWlOPVI-00204-00094997-00095414 first, subscribe to my channel and hit that notification bell so you're aware Aag-YWlOPVI-00205-00095414-00095726 when I put out more videos. I'm constantly putting out videos on Aag-YWlOPVI-00206-00095726-00096101 marketing and starting an online business. And also click that like button. Aag-YWlOPVI-00207-00096101-00096563 And if you have any questions or have any topic requests, put that in the Aag-YWlOPVI-00208-00096563-00097054 comments. I'd love to hear it. AdqQJ4bVZBA-00000-00000048-00000728 guys, i'm finally seeing links on from ads. it's been four months since i've AdqQJ4bVZBA-00001-00000728-00001464 ever seen this. i have to see this, because it's been months since i've seen links on ads AdqQJ4bVZBA-00002-00001464-00001872 from my tv. the last time was from april to march, AdqQJ4bVZBA-00003-00001944-00002632 i know, marc april to may of 2021, and it is one of the worst things i ever saw at the time. AevmF-1AmoA-00000-00000567-00001322 Kim, Khloe, Kourtney Kardashian and Kendall and Kylie Jenner sizzle in the shots promoting the iconic brand AevmF-1AmoA-00001-00001439-00002453 However, while Kim and co show off some skin as they strip down to their underwear, Kylie keeps her stomach covered in the shots as she covers up with a huge blanket AevmF-1AmoA-00002-00002570-00003240 It's the first official picture of Kylie since the rumours emerged that she is pregnant with her first child AevmF-1AmoA-00003-00003358-00004497 Check out all the latest hot topics on OK! magazine's news section and discover exclusive celebrity news about your favourite soap actors and reality stars. AhlPtJgdELY-00000-00003460-00003542 Mrbeast: Team Seas. AhlPtJgdELY-00001-00003542-00003679 3, 2, 1, Go↘! Ai9ZSSELpEk-00000-00000048-00000632 Hello we are on to Module 7 now which is discussing one sample hypothesis testing. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00001-00000968-00001552 So our first stop is looking at an introduction or overview of what a hypothesis test actually Ai9ZSSELpEk-00002-00001552-00002312 is. So, whenever you are performing a hypothesis test, you identify what we call the hypotheses, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00003-00002472-00002712 and then you mark which one is your claim. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00004-00002960-00003544 Next, you compute the appropriate test statistic. Then, you find the p-value or what is the known as Ai9ZSSELpEk-00005-00003544-00004056 a critical value and then you write a conclusion. These are the steps that we'll be going through by Ai9ZSSELpEk-00006-00004120-00004960 each one as we proceed here. So first what is a hypothesis? So a hypothesis is a claim or statement Ai9ZSSELpEk-00007-00004960-00005552 about the property of a population. So, for instance, we could be looking at a population mean Ai9ZSSELpEk-00008-00005552-00006112 or we could be looking at a population proportion. And we're going to make a statement Ai9ZSSELpEk-00009-00006176-00006816 whether that mean or proportion is greater than, less than, equal to, not equal to some sort of value. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00010-00006984-00007695 So you always have two hypotheses, but we'll talk more about those in just a minute. So a hypothesis Ai9ZSSELpEk-00011-00007695-00008272 test is a procedure for determining whether the stated null hypothesis should or should Ai9ZSSELpEk-00012-00008272-00008920 not be rejected. So we'll have two hypotheses. We'll determine which one we should keep Ai9ZSSELpEk-00013-00008920-00009568 and which one we should quote reject so to speak. I'll get more specific about this in just a minute Ai9ZSSELpEk-00014-00009568-00010080 because there's some really specific terminology you should use when you're performing a hypothesis Ai9ZSSELpEk-00015-00010080-00010696 test. So you have two hypotheses when you're performing a hypothesis test and it's always your Ai9ZSSELpEk-00016-00010696-00011384 first step to write these two hypotheses down. Your first hypothesis is called the null hypothesis. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00017-00011568-00012336 You often see abbreviated as h sub zero. It's a statement that the value of a population parameter Ai9ZSSELpEk-00018-00012336-00013072 like a mean or proportion or even a standard deviation is - this is underlined and colored Ai9ZSSELpEk-00019-00013072-00014184 for a reason - is equal to some claimed value. The important thing is that equality, equal to, always Ai9ZSSELpEk-00020-00014424-00014591 goes with the null hypothesis. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00021-00015112-00015704 Always.....goes with the null hypothesis; equality always goes with it, and back when I was learning Ai9ZSSELpEk-00022-00015704-00016224 hypothesis testing, if I would have known this one statement here, it would have saved me hours of Ai9ZSSELpEk-00023-00016224-00016848 frustration with identifying my hypotheses. So the null hypothesis is always the hypothesis that we Ai9ZSSELpEk-00024-00016848-00017592 are testing. It's always the hypothesis we assume to be true, and then based on our assumption that Ai9ZSSELpEk-00025-00017592-00018216 the null hypothesis is true, it allows us to reach a conclusion on whether we reject that hypothesis Ai9ZSSELpEk-00026-00018296-00019104 or fail to reject that hypothesis. So based on our sample evidence we determine do we reject Ai9ZSSELpEk-00027-00019104-00019696 the null hypothesis or do we basically keep it. The symbolic form of the null hypothesis must Ai9ZSSELpEk-00028-00019696-00020200 use one of the following symbols. Remember, I said the null hypothesis has to contain Ai9ZSSELpEk-00029-00020200-00020832 equality, so less than or equal to, greater than or equal to, or even just equal to. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00030-00021096-00021672 And just to let you know that it's not uncommon for some people to always use equal to. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00031-00021848-00022584 Always. They'll just generically always put equal to for the null hypothesis which isn't wrong. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00032-00022784-00023168 The alternative hypothesis, the other hypothesis, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00033-00023168-00023792 which is denoted by h a or h1, depending on who your instructor is or what your textbook is, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00034-00023856-00024488 is the statement that the parameter has a value that differs from the null hypothesis. It is Ai9ZSSELpEk-00035-00024488-00025224 the opposite sign of the null hypothesis. So the symbolic form of the alternative hypothesis must Ai9ZSSELpEk-00036-00025224-00025824 use one of the following symbols. You have less than, you have greater than, you have not equal to. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00037-00026039-00026248 So I'm just going to give you a little bit of a sketch here. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00038-00026664-00026960 So if the null hypothesis uses less than or equal to, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00039-00027048-00027448 well the opposite sign that would have to be used in the alternative would be greater than. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00040-00027552-00027920 If the null hypothesis used greater uses greater than or equal to, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00041-00027992-00028560 then the alternative hypothesis would have to be less than. And if the null hypothesis uses equal to, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00042-00028688-00029416 then you know the alternative would have to be, well not equal to. So they will give you, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00043-00029472-00029960 in the context of the question, they will always give you one of the hypotheses and then you use Ai9ZSSELpEk-00044-00029960-00030776 this opposite approach to find out what sign your other hypothesis should use. So also very important Ai9ZSSELpEk-00045-00030776-00031544 table. So a random survey of 75 death row inmates revealed that the mean length of time on death row Ai9ZSSELpEk-00046-00031544-00032112 is 17.4 years with a standard deviation of 6.3 years. You would like to test whether the Ai9ZSSELpEk-00047-00032112-00032800 population mean time on death row could likely be 15 years. I want to identify the hypotheses. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00048-00032960-00033832 So you have two hypotheses. You have h0, that's your null, and then you have h1, that's your alternative. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00049-00033944-00034480 And we're talking about a population mean here, so population mean. That means we're talking about mu. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00050-00034744-00035448 So based on the information and the question, what am I testing? We are testing whether the mean time Ai9ZSSELpEk-00051-00035448-00036096 on death row could likely be 15 years. Likely be 15 years. How do you translate that to math? Ai9ZSSELpEk-00052-00036328-00036992 Likely be is equal to. Equal to 15. So where would this go, would this go with the null Ai9ZSSELpEk-00053-00036992-00037560 or the alternative. Well, since it contains equality, that has to be your null hypothesis. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00054-00037656-00038144 So mu equals 15 is the null, so what does that mean the alternative would be. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00055-00038144-00038992 What is the opposite of equal to. Well, not equal to. And those are our hypotheses. Which one is the Ai9ZSSELpEk-00056-00038992-00039472 claim? Which one is the one given in the context of the question, well that would be your null. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00057-00039824-00040144 Alright, so that's how you identify hypotheses let's do another one. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00058-00040392-00040848 A random survey of 75 death row inmates revealed that the mean length of time on Ai9ZSSELpEk-00059-00040848-00041408 death row is 17.4 years with a standard deviation of 6.3 years. You would like to test whether the Ai9ZSSELpEk-00060-00041408-00042184 population mean time on death row could be at least 15 years. Identify the hypotheses. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00061-00042376-00042920 So you have your null hypothesis and your alternative hypothesis. We're going to find these. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00062-00043032-00043776 So I'm talking about a mean, so I'm talking about mu. At least. At least means greater than or equal Ai9ZSSELpEk-00063-00043776-00044496 to 15 years, so where would greater than or equal to go? Would it go with the null or would it go Ai9ZSSELpEk-00064-00044496-00045048 with the alternative. Since it contained equal to, it's going to have to go with the null hypothesis, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00065-00045176-00045576 and that's our claim. That's what was given in the question. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00066-00045712-00046144 So what is the opposite of greater than or equal to? The opposite of greater than Ai9ZSSELpEk-00067-00046144-00046720 or equal to would be less than, and then you use the same number. Always have opposite signs Ai9ZSSELpEk-00068-00046720-00047200 when you're dealing with your hypotheses. So those are the hypotheses for that question. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00069-00047688-00048088 All right, in example 7.2, which we're going to do several things with this example, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00070-00048088-00048576 we assume that 100 babies are born to 100 couples treated with a certain method of gender selection Ai9ZSSELpEk-00071-00048576-00049224 that is claimed to make girls more likely. That's very important. You observe 58 girls Ai9ZSSELpEk-00072-00049224-00049688 and 100 babies, so there's your sample data. I want us to write the hypotheses to test the Ai9ZSSELpEk-00073-00049688-00050256 claim that, with the gender selection method, the proportion of girls is greater than 50 percent. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00074-00050336-00050792 So all I'm doing for part a of 7.2 is I'm writing out my hypotheses. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00075-00050992-00051567 We have what our claim is: greater than fifty percent. The proportion is greater than fifty Ai9ZSSELpEk-00076-00051567-00052112 percent or point five. Where would this go? Would this go with the null or would this go Ai9ZSSELpEk-00077-00052112-00052864 with the alternative? Well, does it contain equality? Do you see an equal to sign? No! Ai9ZSSELpEk-00078-00052976-00053728 So, it goes to the alternative hypothesis. So, as a result, what is the opposite of greater than? Ai9ZSSELpEk-00079-00053944-00054072 It's less than or equal to. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00080-00054336-00054984 Or like i said some people just stay generic and they always put equal to for the null hypothesis Ai9ZSSELpEk-00081-00054984-00055360 which is fine. You can do that. Either is correct. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00082-00055360-00055879 All right, so which one was our claim. Well the alternative hypothesis is our claim in this case. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00083-00056167-00056479 So either hypothesis could be your claim just to let you know. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00084-00056879-00057344 So, to perform a hypothesis test, we take the sample data and we calculate what is called Ai9ZSSELpEk-00085-00057344-00058008 a test statistic. If you want to have a little fun, try saying that 10 times fast. The test statistic Ai9ZSSELpEk-00086-00058008-00058712 is a value used to make a decision about the null hypothesis. Do we reject it or do we keep Ai9ZSSELpEk-00087-00058712-00059352 it or fail to reject it. It is found by converting the sample statistics to a z-score or a t-score Ai9ZSSELpEk-00088-00059408-00059984 with the assumption that the null hypothesis is true. We'll basically use a formula to find Ai9ZSSELpEk-00089-00059984-00060712 this. Based on what you're trying to run a hypothesis test on, for instance, if Ai9ZSSELpEk-00090-00060712-00061032 you're running a hypothesis test on a population proportion p, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00091-00061112-00061816 then you're given a z-score formula p-hat minus p divided by the square root of p times q over n. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00092-00062008-00062536 p hat's your sample proportion and then p is your predicted population proportion value Ai9ZSSELpEk-00093-00062536-00063408 used in your hypotheses. q is always 1 minus p. If you're looking for a Ai9ZSSELpEk-00094-00063616-00064024 mean mu and the sigma is not known, Ai9ZSSELpEk-00095-00064240-00064928 then you have a t-score test statistic formula. And then if you're looking for population mean Ai9ZSSELpEk-00096-00065000-00065640 and sigma is known, you can use your basic z-score formula: x-bar minus mu divided by Ai9ZSSELpEk-00097-00065640-00066096 sigma over square root of n. So we pick the appropriate formula and we apply it. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00098-00066232-00066592 So consider the claim that the certain method of gender selection increases the Ai9ZSSELpEk-00099-00066592-00067032 likelihood of having a baby girl. Preliminary results from a test of the method of gender Ai9ZSSELpEk-00100-00067032-00067496 selection involved 100 couples who gave birth to 58 girls and 42 boys. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00101-00067576-00068264 Use the given claim and the preliminary results to calculate the value of the test statistic. So Ai9ZSSELpEk-00102-00068264-00069544 remember what our hypotheses were. This is from 7.2a. I have mu. You have, oops....sorry, p. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00103-00069832-00070800 I have p equal to 0.5 and now then I have p greater than 0.5. Remember that's our claim. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00104-00071072-00071608 So let's calculate the value of the test statistic. So since we're messing with Ai9ZSSELpEk-00105-00071608-00072216 the population proportion there's only one formula to pick from: z equals p hat minus p Ai9ZSSELpEk-00106-00072392-00073112 over the square root of p q over n. So here's our recipe or our formula, let's plug in what we know. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00107-00073424-00074248 All right, so I know, so I know that p hat - we're looking at proportion of girls. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00108-00074248-00074976 I know that p hat is, well, 58. For my sample 58 out of 100 were girls, so that's 0.58. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00109-00075320-00076000 i know p, the proportion value is 0.5. That's what we're assuming the true proportion value to be. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00110-00076072-00076952 I know that q is 1 minus 0.5 or 1 minus p and then I have my sample size n which is going Ai9ZSSELpEk-00111-00076952-00077696 to be 100. 100 couples. So basically I have point .58 minus .5. I'm literally going Ai9ZSSELpEk-00112-00077696-00078624 to plug and chug. Divided by the square root of 0.5 times 0.5 over 100. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00113-00078976-00079656 All right, so when you do this calculation you basically get .08 divided by the square Ai9ZSSELpEk-00114-00079656-00080600 root of .0025. 0.5 times 0.5 divided by 100 is .0025. And that's going to give you 0.08 Ai9ZSSELpEk-00115-00080848-00081648 divided by 0.05. Your test statistic is going to be 1.6. Ai9ZSSELpEk-00116-00081912-00082304 You're like, well that's great and all, but why in the world do we need a test statistic? Ai9ZSSELpEk-00117-00082536-00082680 Well, let's find out. Aifag3HLJ1g-00000-00000380-00000869 Hey guys I'm Neha from neha_style_diaries. I'm a fashion and lifestyle Aifag3HLJ1g-00001-00000872-00001204 blogger. So today I'm going to share three of my Aifag3HLJ1g-00002-00001222-00001648 personal best tips to take amazing lifestyle photos. Aifag3HLJ1g-00003-00001757-00002262 Lifestyle photos are meant to capture moments that will be cherished for years to come so my first Aifag3HLJ1g-00004-00002266-00002770 tip will be keep it natural. Lifestyle photography is about telling a story Aifag3HLJ1g-00005-00002770-00003236 about a particular moment that is captured. Let it be completely natural Aifag3HLJ1g-00006-00003236-00003669 without any poses and you will be surprised how beautiful that shot will look. Aifag3HLJ1g-00007-00003860-00004271 So my second tip will be on lighting - sufficient lighting is one of Aifag3HLJ1g-00008-00004271-00004734 the most important parts of lifestyle photography. Always make sure your Aifag3HLJ1g-00009-00004734-00005190 subjects have the right level of lighting by changing your shooting Aifag3HLJ1g-00010-00005190-00005766 position, different angles, camera angle or moving your subjects to the perfect location. Aifag3HLJ1g-00011-00005900-00006309 And my final tip would be attention to small details - no matter how Aifag3HLJ1g-00012-00006309-00006836 big or small your details would be always ensure that it will come into Aifag3HLJ1g-00013-00006836-00007100 your lifestyle photography. AjbFXMVcW8g-00000-00000056-00000171 All right final video AjbFXMVcW8g-00001-00000178-00000460 for chapter 2 last one was getting a little long AjbFXMVcW8g-00002-00000460-00000682 so I decided to split it up. AjbFXMVcW8g-00003-00000714-00000950 So let's look at the one-to-one function f AjbFXMVcW8g-00004-00000962-00001147 of x equals the square root of x AjbFXMVcW8g-00005-00001176-00001399 if you're not convinced, it's one-to-one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00006-00001399-00001821 Let's just peek at the graph really fast right x square root AjbFXMVcW8g-00007-00001821-00002008 of x looks like this and then we're just going AjbFXMVcW8g-00008-00002008-00002220 to shift to the right one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00009-00002220-00002339 Remember X is are opposite. AjbFXMVcW8g-00010-00002422-00002650 So we'll start at one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00011-00002775-00002880 Then we'll shift. AjbFXMVcW8g-00012-00003000-00003086 Right and it's one-to-one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00013-00003086-00003255 It passes the horizontal line test. AjbFXMVcW8g-00014-00003312-00003579 So let's find the domain and range and we can use AjbFXMVcW8g-00015-00003579-00003895 that to find the domain and the range of the inverse function. AjbFXMVcW8g-00016-00003943-00004026 So what's the domain? AjbFXMVcW8g-00017-00004043-00004495 Maybe we can see from the graph that X is bigger than 1. AjbFXMVcW8g-00018-00004616-00005138 Or equal but if we didn't graph remember inside radek radicals, AjbFXMVcW8g-00019-00005138-00005403 it has to be greater than or equal to 0 so X is greater than AjbFXMVcW8g-00020-00005403-00005607 or equal to 1 so that's my domain. AjbFXMVcW8g-00021-00005667-00005981 How about the range? AjbFXMVcW8g-00022-00006030-00006342 I like the graph again and notice AjbFXMVcW8g-00023-00006408-00006672 that the Y values are greater than or equal to 0 AjbFXMVcW8g-00024-00006729-00007029 so that's my range comes from the idea. AjbFXMVcW8g-00025-00007029-00007525 Right the output of square roots is always positive AjbFXMVcW8g-00026-00007525-00008241 or zero you call that non- you've probably seen AjbFXMVcW8g-00027-00008241-00008460 that word a couple times in the book. AjbFXMVcW8g-00028-00008579-00008942 So that makes my range greater than or equal to 0 AjbFXMVcW8g-00029-00008942-00009156 and so now we can find the domain and range AjbFXMVcW8g-00030-00009156-00009660 of f inverse they just switch so the domain of f inverse Comes AjbFXMVcW8g-00031-00009671-00010016 from the range except it's the X values so X will be greater than AjbFXMVcW8g-00032-00010016-00010262 or equal to 0 and then the range means AjbFXMVcW8g-00033-00010262-00010483 that the Y's are greater than or equal to. AjbFXMVcW8g-00034-00010539-00011121 It's all about just inverting right there just opposites. AjbFXMVcW8g-00035-00011131-00011375 So that's actually find the inverse AjbFXMVcW8g-00036-00011384-00011637 to confirm all this is true. AjbFXMVcW8g-00037-00011657-00012111 So our original function is y equals square root of x minus 1. AjbFXMVcW8g-00038-00012111-00012306 We're going to go ahead and switch them. AjbFXMVcW8g-00039-00012369-00012531 To make an inverse. AjbFXMVcW8g-00040-00012562-00013066 So x equals square root y -1 and will solve for y. AjbFXMVcW8g-00041-00013469-00013671 So I recommend squaring both sides. AjbFXMVcW8g-00042-00013748-00014165 To get rid of the square root. AjbFXMVcW8g-00043-00014219-00014907 So x squared equals y minus 1 and then we just add one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00044-00014914-00015258 So my inverse function is x squared plus one, AjbFXMVcW8g-00045-00015296-00015811 but we have to use this domain where X is bigger or equal to 1 AjbFXMVcW8g-00046-00015833-00016072 and I'll show you why with the graph. AjbFXMVcW8g-00047-00016381-00016743 So we had already graph the original functions. AjbFXMVcW8g-00048-00016827-00016917 Just copying it over. AjbFXMVcW8g-00049-00017041-00017636 And then my inverse makes that nice reflective property. AjbFXMVcW8g-00050-00017788-00018246 about Y equals X and you'll notice it really only makes half AjbFXMVcW8g-00051-00018246-00018325 of a parabola. AjbFXMVcW8g-00052-00018396-00018953 And so the left side of the parabola disappears and that's AjbFXMVcW8g-00053-00018959-00019189 because by including the left side, right? AjbFXMVcW8g-00054-00019189-00019271 It's not one to one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00055-00019335-00019774 And the square root didn't really have the lip the other AjbFXMVcW8g-00056-00019774-00019922 side ring square roots kind AjbFXMVcW8g-00057-00019922-00020144 of cover get rid of that other side. AjbFXMVcW8g-00058-00020212-00020494 So it's really important to pay attention with domain and range AjbFXMVcW8g-00059-00020494-00020832 with inverses and the graph really helps by looking AjbFXMVcW8g-00060-00020832-00020966 at that reflective property. AjbFXMVcW8g-00061-00020989-00021247 You can see that it will really only makes half of a parabola AjbFXMVcW8g-00062-00021247-00021362 and not a full Parabola. AjbFXMVcW8g-00063-00021434-00021579 So graphing helps a lot. AjbFXMVcW8g-00064-00021676-00021846 The shapes should be the same right? AjbFXMVcW8g-00065-00021869-00022142 So this can't be a full Parabola when this isn't AjbFXMVcW8g-00066-00022158-00022344 so graphing helps a lot. AjbFXMVcW8g-00067-00022344-00022709 And I just have one final example AjbFXMVcW8g-00068-00022709-00022913 and then hopefully we can get lots of practice AjbFXMVcW8g-00069-00022913-00023040 out of the book to master this. AjbFXMVcW8g-00070-00023171-00023586 So sometimes will restrict the domain as well from the get-go. AjbFXMVcW8g-00071-00023670-00024116 So we didn't have to restrict the domain here, right? AjbFXMVcW8g-00072-00024116-00024495 Because f of x equals square root of x minus 1 was 1 to 1 AjbFXMVcW8g-00073-00024495-00024805 in this next example, this is not a one-to-one function. AjbFXMVcW8g-00074-00024805-00025031 So sometimes when we have functions that are not one AjbFXMVcW8g-00075-00025031-00025372 to one we restrict the domain so that we can find an inverse. AjbFXMVcW8g-00076-00025510-00025814 So x squared minus one would be x squared AjbFXMVcW8g-00077-00025814-00026080 and then we just go down one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00078-00026483-00026764 So make sure you're getting better at this transformation AjbFXMVcW8g-00079-00026764-00027087 so we can grab things fast. AjbFXMVcW8g-00080-00027087-00027220 Notice, it's not one to one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00081-00027351-00027699 So as of now if I find an inverse it's not going to work. AjbFXMVcW8g-00082-00027816-00027948 So what am I going to do? AjbFXMVcW8g-00083-00027948-00028103 I'm going to maybe only use half of the graph. AjbFXMVcW8g-00084-00028103-00028271 I think the most common thing is probably AjbFXMVcW8g-00085-00028271-00028357 to use the positive side. AjbFXMVcW8g-00086-00028357-00028598 So I'm going to restrict the domain AjbFXMVcW8g-00087-00028626-00028857 to only the positive side. AjbFXMVcW8g-00088-00028917-00029439 So to X greater than or equal to 0. AjbFXMVcW8g-00089-00029459-00029797 I'm not asking for a range, AjbFXMVcW8g-00090-00029797-00030120 but just to review the range would be Y is greater than AjbFXMVcW8g-00091-00030120-00030584 or equal to negative 1 because the lowest point is negative 1 AjbFXMVcW8g-00092-00030651-00030878 and why is always bigger but we don't need that AjbFXMVcW8g-00093-00030931-00031211 but why not refresh on it a little so let's go ahead AjbFXMVcW8g-00094-00031211-00031342 and find the inverse as long AjbFXMVcW8g-00095-00031342-00031695 as we restrict the domain we can find an inverse. AjbFXMVcW8g-00096-00031726-00032522 So y equals x squared minus 1 let's go ahead and switch them. AjbFXMVcW8g-00097-00032683-00033357 And let's solve for y. So I'm going to go ahead and add one. AjbFXMVcW8g-00098-00033365-00033692 X Plus 1 equals y squared and then this is AjbFXMVcW8g-00099-00033692-00033869 where we get the issue right the square root AjbFXMVcW8g-00100-00033869-00034189 and the square root the square root AjbFXMVcW8g-00101-00034189-00034524 of X Plus 1 is the square root of X Plus 1 but the issue AjbFXMVcW8g-00102-00034524-00034616 with the square root AjbFXMVcW8g-00103-00034616-00035141 of Y squared is it equals the absolute value of y and plug AjbFXMVcW8g-00104-00035141-00035615 in numbers and you'll see what I'm talking about 3 squared is 9 AjbFXMVcW8g-00105-00035615-00036062 and then the square root of 3, but what if I do negative 3 AjbFXMVcW8g-00106-00036095-00036242 Because I'm squaring it. AjbFXMVcW8g-00107-00036242-00036533 It turns into 9, and it also then AjbFXMVcW8g-00108-00036533-00036716 when I take the square root it's back to three. AjbFXMVcW8g-00109-00036749-00036895 So that's where this idea comes from. AjbFXMVcW8g-00110-00036957-00037255 And so that is where we get the idea AjbFXMVcW8g-00111-00037255-00037456 that y equals plus or minus. AjbFXMVcW8g-00112-00037476-00038040 The square root of X Plus 1 so a lot of us might probably skip AjbFXMVcW8g-00113-00038040-00038231 that middle step but that's where it comes AjbFXMVcW8g-00114-00038231-00038549 from when we square root of Y squared that's AjbFXMVcW8g-00115-00038549-00038667 where we get the plus or minus. AjbFXMVcW8g-00116-00038745-00038886 And so this is not one-to-one, right? AjbFXMVcW8g-00117-00038886-00039000 Because now we have two choices AjbFXMVcW8g-00118-00039051-00039359 and that is why restricting the domain made this work AjbFXMVcW8g-00119-00039414-00039722 because we restricted the domain we only need the positive case AjbFXMVcW8g-00120-00039742-00039933 and if we didn't do it, it wouldn't work. AjbFXMVcW8g-00121-00040000-00040278 So y equals square root of X Plus 1 AjbFXMVcW8g-00122-00040321-00040442 from the restricted domain. AjbFXMVcW8g-00123-00040497-00040955 And that's because Y is greater than or equal to 0, right? AjbFXMVcW8g-00124-00041038-00041458 If the domain of f is greater than or equal AjbFXMVcW8g-00125-00041458-00041828 to 0 then the range of f inverse is greater than or equal to 0 AjbFXMVcW8g-00126-00041828-00042014 so that's why I can get rid of the negative case. AjbFXMVcW8g-00127-00042081-00042530 And so because we restricted the domain this works AjbFXMVcW8g-00128-00042603-00042768 and a square root function makes sense, right? AjbFXMVcW8g-00129-00042768-00042954 It's going to make this nice reflection. AjbFXMVcW8g-00130-00043109-00043420 How about Y equals X and again, we're only looking AjbFXMVcW8g-00131-00043420-00043691 at the orange piece and this piece goes away. AjbFXMVcW8g-00132-00044025-00044378 So if your function is not one-to-one, just get rid of half AjbFXMVcW8g-00133-00044378-00044529 of it by restricting the domain. AjbFXMVcW8g-00134-00044648-00044820 So go ahead and get a lot of practice out of the book. AjbFXMVcW8g-00135-00044833-00045126 Let me know if you have any questions. AnUM0zKv1mA-00000-00000003-00000010 i know where you live. Bo0fxoN4Iyy-00000-00000004-00000392 makeover to interior of Nissan Navara Bo0fxoN4Iyy-00001-00000488-00000898 upholstered leather seats, tapi door upholstery, custom armrest boxes for nissan navara cars Bo0fxoN4Iyy-00015-00005036-00006040 interior process nissan navara car B0E1lNnLzAc-00000-00000816-00001592 today i'm going to introduce the occident of Daejeon B0E1lNnLzAc-00001-00002976-00003447 we stayed a night at Jangtaesan mountain recreational forest B0E1lNnLzAc-00002-00003968-00004448 it is the first private forest that is formed as a recreational forest B0E1lNnLzAc-00003-00005184-00005784 you can enjoy the fresh break time in Metasequoia forest B0E1lNnLzAc-00004-00006520-00008584 the skyway of the forest adventure is 50 meter tall where people can take pleasure of forest bath B0E1lNnLzAc-00005-00009064-00009984 mountain has a beautiful cafe in the forest B0E1lNnLzAc-00006-00013232-00013336 gently meet B0E1lNnLzAc-00007-00013976-00014184 menu B0E1lNnLzAc-00008-00014736-00015584 these meats are mouth watering B0E1lNnLzAc-00009-00016000-00016984 the meat is pork belly and pork neck B0E1lNnLzAc-00010-00017720-00018400 korean cold noodles B0E1lNnLzAc-00011-00018400-00018680 i ate the pork belly with cold noodles B0E1lNnLzAc-00012-00019736-00021712 hanbat arboretum is inside the Dunsan grand park B0E1lNnLzAc-00013-00021792-00022584 Dunsan grand park is located at the middle of the Daejeon B0E1lNnLzAc-00014-00023064-00023984 people can rest quietly while studying about nature B0E1lNnLzAc-00015-00026064-00026783 really great daejeon night scape B0E1lNnLzAc-00016-00026944-00027968 Expo bridge connects the expo science park that is famous as a hambit tower and hambat arboretum B0E1lNnLzAc-00017-00027968-00029583 which is the one of the representative tourist attraction in Daejeon B0E1lNnLzAc-00018-00029952-00030002 Thank you B4z51yBOm9A-00000-00000000-00000492 hell everyone and welcome in this new video B4z51yBOm9A-00001-00000509-00001156 I'm in Prague right now, I'm doing this eurotrip, I was in Vienna a few days ago and I'm going to Munich tomorrow B4z51yBOm9A-00002-00001158-00001588 I'm going all around Europe during this Chirstmas Holiday B4z51yBOm9A-00003-00001592-00001952 has you can see in this chirstmas sweater B4z51yBOm9A-00004-00001962-00002456 I wanted to make this video to wish you happy holiday and also B4z51yBOm9A-00005-00002490-00003618 I wanted to comment on the video about the 100 most handsome / beautiful faces 2018 B4z51yBOm9A-00006-00003620-00004204 as every year this chart always create some controversy and a lot of people are talking about it B4z51yBOm9A-00007-00004204-00004572 and it make some people mad B4z51yBOm9A-00008-00004594-00005392 this year what some people were commenting was that ALL BTS's members were in the chart B4z51yBOm9A-00009-00005406-00006466 and some anti-bts fans were saying how is it possible that all 7 of them are in this chart considering how many kpop idols there are out there? B4z51yBOm9A-00010-00006470-00007480 and on the other side the bts fans were saying how come they are so low? They should all be in the top 10 B4z51yBOm9A-00011-00007490-00007914 and also V last year was No.1 and this year No.5 B4z51yBOm9A-00012-00007920-00008162 After Jung Kook (who is also from BTS) B4z51yBOm9A-00013-00008173-00008694 and I don't think we should be here arguing about those things B4z51yBOm9A-00014-00008734-00009076 some might prefer him and some him instead B4z51yBOm9A-00015-00009104-00009594 some might prefer her and some her instead B4z51yBOm9A-00016-00009674-00009942 some might prefer him and some him B4z51yBOm9A-00017-00009946-00010198 some might prefer him and some her B4z51yBOm9A-00018-00010210-00010722 Is a subjective ranking, because we can't judge beauty objectively B4z51yBOm9A-00019-00010732-00011340 because this is not like the olympic that the winner is the one who rum 100 meter the fastest B4z51yBOm9A-00020-00011390-00012166 so everyone will judge based on their personal preference and also knowledge (of people) B4z51yBOm9A-00021-00012172-00012642 because maybe not everyone knows all the Japanese actor who aren't famous in the west B4z51yBOm9A-00022-00012642-00013176 because there was only one Japanese guy and very few Japanese female B4z51yBOm9A-00023-00013180-00014044 and the female were actress who were known in the west too, like Satomi who was in Gozilla B4z51yBOm9A-00024-00014054-00015206 and probably they don't know other j-actress who are beautiful but maybe not as known outside of Japan B4z51yBOm9A-00025-00015206-00015934 so is a very subjective ranking, and we shouldn't argue about it because it is not wrong B4z51yBOm9A-00026-00015934-00016372 is for sure correct from some people who did this chart B4z51yBOm9A-00027-00016442-00016864 if you have different opnions make your own ranking B4z51yBOm9A-00028-00016902-00017116 pewdiepie 4th place is unhair? B4z51yBOm9A-00029-00017192-00017572 of course not for who made this ranking and there is nothing wrong with it B4z51yBOm9A-00030-00017602-00017996 for example in this chart neither me or marco were on it, B4z51yBOm9A-00031-00018028-00018448 but we aren't here upsetting about that hahaaha B4z51yBOm9A-00032-00018492-00018866 we had accepted this fact and we are ok with it B4z51yBOm9A-00033-00018902-00019464 anyway this was a simple video and is the last for this 2018, I wanted to say hi and thank you to you all B4z51yBOm9A-00034-00019514-00020290 I hope you will have a wonderful dec 31th night and a wonderful 2019 B4z51yBOm9A-00035-00020328-00021106 is already one year that we are working at this channel and thank you so much for keep supporting it B4z51yBOm9A-00036-00021154-00021758 let me know your opinion on this ranking B4z51yBOm9A-00037-00021790-00022170 and what do you think about me in this Christmas sweater B4z51yBOm9A-00038-00022206-00022446 see you in my next video B4z51yBOm9A-00039-00022446-00022740 and for christmas let me show you one of my eye B5fYmypoLx8-00000-00000200-00000400 Hello everyone, Victoria is with you, B5fYmypoLx8-00001-00000400-00000600 Friends, Subscribe to my channel so as not to miss new recipes! B5fYmypoLx8-00002-00000800-00001000 Leaf celery - 4 leaves B5fYmypoLx8-00003-00001000-00001200 Celery is a treasure trove of vitamins, minerals and a natural aphrodisiac! B5fYmypoLx8-00004-00001400-00001600 peel off the fibers, as in the video, B5fYmypoLx8-00005-00001800-00002000 break off a little at the base and pull B5fYmypoLx8-00006-00002000-00002200 it is a very easy and quick way to peel celery! B5fYmypoLx8-00007-00002800-00003000 Rinse well! B5fYmypoLx8-00008-00003400-00003600 Cut very thinly and finely B5fYmypoLx8-00009-00003800-00004000 Celery is good for diabetics, allergy sufferers and helps to lose weight! B5fYmypoLx8-00010-00004000-00004200 You can even eat celery at night! B5fYmypoLx8-00011-00004400-00004600 Transfer to a salad bowl B5fYmypoLx8-00012-00004800-00005000 Grate or finely chop B5fYmypoLx8-00013-00005000-00005200 2 B5fYmypoLx8-00014-00006000-00006200 carrots 2 pcs apples B5fYmypoLx8-00015-00006200-00006400 remove the core Peel B5fYmypoLx8-00016-00007200-00007400 and finely chop B5fYmypoLx8-00017-00007600-00007800 the apples B5fYmypoLx8-00018-00008000-00008200 Write me what salad recipes do you like to cook ? B5fYmypoLx8-00019-00008800-00009000 Transfer to a salad bowl B5fYmypoLx8-00020-00009000-00009200 Lemon 1/2 pcs B5fYmypoLx8-00021-00009200-00009400 So that the apples do not darken, squeeze out the juice B5fYmypoLx8-00022-00010200-00010400 and mix B5fYmypoLx8-00023-00010600-00011000 Raisins 20 pcs B5fYmypoLx8-00024-00011000-00011200 Pour boiling water over raisins Cut B5fYmypoLx8-00025-00011200-00011400 10 nuts with a knife, I use walnuts B5fYmypoLx8-00026-00011400-00011600 , almonds, pumpkin seeds, pistachios. B5fYmypoLx8-00027-00012000-00012200 Dry the raisins with napkins B5fYmypoLx8-00028-00012200-00012800 Transfer to a salad bowl B5fYmypoLx8-00029-00013000-00013200 Prepare salad dressing: Mix Vegetable oil 3 tbsp B5fYmypoLx8-00030-00013200-00013400 and juice of 1/2 pc of Lemon B5fYmypoLx8-00031-00013600-00013800 Salt is not necessary, otherwise you will spoil the taste of the salad! B5fYmypoLx8-00032-00014200-00014400 and 2-3 tsp maple syrup B5fYmypoLx8-00033-00014400-00014600 can be replaced with honey or sugar B5fYmypoLx8-00034-00014800-00015000 , mix thoroughly B5fYmypoLx8-00035-00015200-00015400 Fill the salad, mix thoroughly, B5fYmypoLx8-00036-00015600-00015800 you can serve the salad immediately B5fYmypoLx8-00037-00015800-00016000 The salad turns out juicy and tasty! B5fYmypoLx8-00038-00016000-00016200 Put Like! Write your comments! B5fYmypoLx8-00039-00016200-00016400 Bon Appetit everyone ! B5fYmypoLx8-00040-00016600-00016800 Subscribe to my channel for new recipes! B7L30NL9bJY-00000-00000600-00000900 There's so much going on in the seas around Wales. B7L30NL9bJY-00001-00000930-00001490 Tourism. Fishing. Telecoms. Power Generation. Shipping. And more. B7L30NL9bJY-00002-00001500-00002000 So many activities, all sharing space with our rich marine life. B7L30NL9bJY-00003-00002030-00002400 And as every year brings new activity, our seas keep getting busier. B7L30NL9bJY-00004-00002500-00003200 So for the first time, the Welsh Government has committed to making a plan that will help to get the most from our seas - for today, and for tomorrow. B7L30NL9bJY-00005-00003400-00004100 Of course, it's a big task. There are social, economic and environmental factors, and it's our job to work in everyone's best interest. B7L30NL9bJY-00006-00004130-00004560 So we're taking time to consider all the implications. B7L30NL9bJY-00007-00004600-00005400 Take tourism and leisure. All around our coastline, our award-winning beaches and surrounding seas are enjoyed by thousands of people every year. B7L30NL9bJY-00008-00005460-00006100 Some beaches are great for surfing, some for diving, some for sailing. B7L30NL9bJY-00009-00006130-00006500 So we're attracting a wide mix of visitors to our coast. B7L30NL9bJY-00010-00006600-00007300 Local communities depend on them. So we need to keep our seas and beaches in good condition, year after year. B7L30NL9bJY-00011-00007400-00007830 The seabed is already home to pipelines and power cables - and that's just the start. B7L30NL9bJY-00012-00008000-00008730 As Wales moves towards a Low Carbon Economy, we're replacing older traditional fuels with clean, efficient sources. B7L30NL9bJY-00013-00008760-00009200 Today, our offshore wind farms are helping to power our homes and industry. B7L30NL9bJY-00014-00009290-00010030 We're also creating new technologies to harness tidal energy. And wave power is an important potential new energy source. B7L30NL9bJY-00015-00010100-00010300 All of this needs space within our seas. B7L30NL9bJY-00016-00010400-00011000 We also fish. This traditional industry is a cornerstone of many local communities. B7L30NL9bJY-00017-00011100-00011730 So we have to make sure future plans deliver sustainable catches from the sea - consistently, into the future. B7L30NL9bJY-00018-00011800-00012200 Every year, millions of phone calls are transmitted through undersea cables - B7L30NL9bJY-00019-00012230-00012600 and much of our internet data is provided in the same way. B7L30NL9bJY-00020-00012800-00013200 Vessels bring foods, raw materials and other goods to our shores... B7L30NL9bJY-00021-00013230-00013600 And the goods we produce are exported to customers. B7L30NL9bJY-00022-00014000-00014440 As the seas get busier, the need for planning increases. B7L30NL9bJY-00023-00014500-00015100 Imagine the chaos we'd have in the skies if there was no Air Traffic Control, or in our communities without land planning. B7L30NL9bJY-00024-00015160-00015330 Well Marine Planning is no different. B7L30NL9bJY-00025-00015400-00015700 It's about managing a space in a joined-up way, so everyone can use it. B7L30NL9bJY-00026-00015760-00016160 As we make our plans for the future, we're focusing on three goals B7L30NL9bJY-00027-00016390-00017300 We have to help the businesses that rely on our seas: our ports, fishermen, ship builders, turbine manufacturers, B7L30NL9bJY-00028-00017330-00017530 and all the maintenance and service industries that support them. B7L30NL9bJY-00029-00017630-00018200 We have to manage our natural resources, to protect our sealife and natural habitats. B7L30NL9bJY-00030-00018230-00018600 But we have to do it in a way that doesn't hinder progress. B7L30NL9bJY-00031-00018630-00019400 There's always a fine balance between development and environmental considerations, and we'll be consulting at length before these important decisions are taken. B7L30NL9bJY-00032-00019730-00020500 We're never more than a short distance from the sea. You could say it's one of the great things about being in Wales. B7L30NL9bJY-00033-00020560-00021160 So we should all have the chance to enjoy our fabulous beaches. And we want future generations to enjoy them too. B7L30NL9bJY-00034-00021800-00022500 The Welsh National Marine Plan will set the stage for inshore and offshore developments over the next 20 years. B7L30NL9bJY-00035-00022560-00023300 It's all about getting more value from our seas by making sure new developments and activities happen in the right place at the right time. B7L30NL9bJY-00036-00023500-00024000 Similar plans are being made across the UK, in the Republic of Ireland and in the Isle of Mann. B7L30NL9bJY-00037-00024090-00024700 So we'll all be working together - alongside the UK government, local councils and other planning authorities. B7L30NL9bJY-00038-00024760-00025160 By co-ordinating this way, we're making sure relevant issues are raised and considered. B7L30NL9bJY-00039-00025200-00025900 However, marine planning is new and we certainly don't have all the answers. So we want to hear from you. B7L30NL9bJY-00040-00025989-00026600 Throughout the planning process we'll be seeking your views, so please come and tell us what you value in and around the Welsh seas. B7L30NL9bJY-00041-00026660-00026960 Whether you're an individual or part of an organisation, tell us your views. B7L30NL9bJY-00042-00027000-00027560 We're here to listen and make sure our future plans represent the people of Wales. B7L30NL9bJY-00043-00027800-00028289 Please check the Welsh Government website to see how you can get involved. B7MtytnC65I-00000-00000064-00000808 all right so today we're looking at sony's attempted 4x3 crt perfection that's the sony B7MtytnC65I-00001-00000808-00001472 bvmd series this is a d20 f1u monitor it does not have a controller built into it B7MtytnC65I-00002-00001568-00002000 so it does need an external controller so we need to get in here and just B7MtytnC65I-00003-00002000-00002552 give this monitor a checkup and then clean it up a bit we're going to remove all the shell B7MtytnC65I-00004-00002552-00003247 pieces and clean those here in a second and then i'm actually going to remove all these B7MtytnC65I-00005-00003320-00003879 boards and cards just to take a look at them and make sure they're okay but also that'll give me B7MtytnC65I-00006-00003879-00004432 a chance to really clean inside this monitor with those bays cleared out B7MtytnC65I-00007-00004432-00004888 the only tools we'll need to get these shell pieces off is a good phillips head screwdriver B7MtytnC65I-00008-00004888-00005784 and a good flat head screwdriver the flat head screwdriver will be used on the bvm cards B7MtytnC65I-00009-00006200-00006631 the next two cards are a little bit different they do have cables running B7MtytnC65I-00010-00006631-00007023 from inside the monitor into the board that you need to disconnect before you fully pull B7MtytnC65I-00011-00007023-00007608 them out or you will damage something that's these three color lines here B7MtytnC65I-00012-00007608-00008120 and then a fourth down here on this input board and then you can fully slide that out B7MtytnC65I-00013-00008240-00008864 and then this over here is our deflection module and it has a spot where i believe it B7MtytnC65I-00014-00008864-00009520 goes the deflection yoke yeah that needs to come out right there and that's it B7MtytnC65I-00015-00009824-00010152 anybody let's take a quick look at all the video cards they're all laid out here B7MtytnC65I-00016-00010152-00010600 on this table nicely and they all seem to be pretty clean and they look pretty much B7MtytnC65I-00017-00010656-00011336 fine they were fully serviced actually i had the majority of these boards serviced by save on pat B7MtytnC65I-00018-00011336-00011848 after i went through and changed a lot of the electrolytics myself i went and had him verify B7MtytnC65I-00019-00011848-00012360 the boards and service it even further and change these smd caps i'll get into that a little bit B7MtytnC65I-00020-00012416-00013119 but he serviced this board this board this board and this board and these other two boards are B7MtytnC65I-00021-00013119-00013728 optional cards so they're just video additional video inputs let's just start with this one down B7MtytnC65I-00022-00013728-00014344 here and this is our primary deflection board this is a main board that always has to come B7MtytnC65I-00023-00014344-00015312 with the d20 f1u what this does is it's processing and telling everything uh it's telling the yoke B7MtytnC65I-00024-00015312-00015991 everything to do and how to deflect the image and produce an image on the screen and all that B7MtytnC65I-00025-00015991-00016560 information goes to the yoke voltage wise out this connection point right here where my finger B7MtytnC65I-00026-00016560-00017064 is but the big portion of things you need to check on this board if you do have trouble B7MtytnC65I-00027-00017064-00017696 are the electrolytics especially the smd caps on these two daughter boards right here those B7MtytnC65I-00028-00017696-00018096 can dry up and cause all kinds of issues sometimes so you should always check those B7MtytnC65I-00029-00018152-00018760 and then check and see if other caps in here need to be replaced so there's been i mean most of B7MtytnC65I-00030-00018760-00019464 these caps have been all replaced in this one and then we'll move on to the next board here which is B7MtytnC65I-00031-00019464-00020016 our primary power supply so this is the board where a power cable comes in right there off the B7MtytnC65I-00032-00020016-00020656 wall and then we have our main power on and off switch and so that power comes in here and then is B7MtytnC65I-00033-00020656-00021136 sent off into the monitor with all types of different you know dc voltages and everything B7MtytnC65I-00034-00021136-00021800 that it's converting into in this power supply it'll send that power off into the monitor through B7MtytnC65I-00035-00021800-00022496 this connection port right here a monitor like this so this one again it has been repaired and B7MtytnC65I-00036-00022496-00023192 restored with newer electrolytics or brand new electrolytics on here and it's looking pretty B7MtytnC65I-00037-00023192-00023792 good works pretty good i will tell you i don't always recommend on these boards changing every B7MtytnC65I-00038-00023792-00024248 single cap if the electrolytics are still in good shape and you have testing equipment to test them B7MtytnC65I-00039-00024352-00024776 there's not a real need to change those out on these high performance machines it's better to B7MtytnC65I-00040-00024776-00025288 leave the original ones there so anyway that's only if you don't have any issues and you know B7MtytnC65I-00041-00025288-00025944 your caps are good now we'll move on down the line here this is another primary board B7MtytnC65I-00042-00025944-00026480 this is our main input board on this monitor now unfortunately if you bought an a series monitor B7MtytnC65I-00043-00026480-00027104 which is the one that came after this monitor it does not have this input board again it's a B7MtytnC65I-00044-00027104-00027583 video input board so you're putting your signal into it and then it's sending it into the screen B7MtytnC65I-00045-00027656-00028264 and again we've got a lot of smd capacitors on this daughter board it's all smd capacitors and B7MtytnC65I-00046-00028264-00028912 even some smds on the main board that you should uh check out and replace if needed and then a few B7MtytnC65I-00047-00028912-00029568 electrolytics over here that can go bad and again if they go bad or are failing or falling out of B7MtytnC65I-00048-00029568-00030224 spec on a tester should consider changing them over here is the fourth and final like primary B7MtytnC65I-00049-00030224-00030848 board that comes with this monitor and it is kind of the brains of the monitor where all the logic B7MtytnC65I-00050-00030912-00031520 happens it is the isr board or interactive status reporting kind of tells what the tells the monitor B7MtytnC65I-00051-00031520-00032016 what it's doing what to do tells you what it's doing lets you get into the menus and navigate B7MtytnC65I-00052-00032016-00032616 it the only thing there is is a coin cell battery so you can replace that if you think your battery B7MtytnC65I-00053-00032616-00033152 is dead you can replace that also there are a lot of capacitors on this as well that are smd B7MtytnC65I-00054-00033248-00033880 and electrolytics and again this is one that you should check and make sure your caps are in spec B7MtytnC65I-00055-00033880-00034288 and that they're not out of spec and if they are go ahead and change which ones B7MtytnC65I-00056-00034288-00034936 sporadically need that this just connects into the board and now we have a look at our B7MtytnC65I-00057-00035040-00035944 optional boards this first one is the 40 the 41d so we have rgb and component support here no sync B7MtytnC65I-00058-00035944-00036776 support so you're just going to get the rgb signal right there and then we can do hd sdi and analog B7MtytnC65I-00059-00036888-00037576 video through sdi and then our final board that's coming with this monitor is let's see B7MtytnC65I-00060-00037576-00038384 what this one's a 20d again it gives you three rgb inputs and a couple of other analog video inputs B7MtytnC65I-00061-00038448-00039112 so um in and out and that's just for more analog video processing B7MtytnC65I-00062-00039176-00039624 anyway that's a look at the cards before we stick them back into the monitor we're going B7MtytnC65I-00063-00039624-00040120 to take a look in the back of that crt and see how it looks without these cards missing B7MtytnC65I-00064-00040176-00040776 well now we can look at our chassis tube and whatever is left in this frame there are a B7MtytnC65I-00065-00040776-00041560 couple of boards that remain but for the most part all we've got here is metal plastic and our tube B7MtytnC65I-00066-00041648-00042216 this board though does remain on the side here it's our pa board i have talked about it in B7MtytnC65I-00067-00042216-00042848 the past and done some rework on these this is an overload protection circuit meant to B7MtytnC65I-00068-00042904-00043720 basically limit the amount of voltage that you can put into your tube to hopefully keep your tube B7MtytnC65I-00069-00043720-00044208 from blowing because that was a problem where too much voltage could go into these tubes and they B7MtytnC65I-00070-00044208-00044936 could blow up and that was something that sony had an issue with with these back in the day this one B7MtytnC65I-00071-00044936-00045592 is an earlier model from 2000 still has a lot of great life left in it though not a lot of hours B7MtytnC65I-00072-00045680-00046376 this is our deflection yoke and this is a higher end deflection yoke it does have three holes right B7MtytnC65I-00073-00046376-00047264 there that say h t r p y c h and y b h and that will help you move along your vertical axis and B7MtytnC65I-00074-00047264-00047784 that's maybe that one's a horizontal one over there for convergence tweaking and adjustments B7MtytnC65I-00075-00047864-00048360 beyond what can be done in the service menu this does have an incredible service menu for B7MtytnC65I-00076-00048360-00048968 adjustments so this yoke also has the ability to tilt the picture without moving the yoke B7MtytnC65I-00077-00048968-00049376 which is awesome so if you have any issues where your yoke is tilted you just need to get in the B7MtytnC65I-00078-00049376-00050080 service menu and fix that over here these lines go into our fly back and they ultimately go into the B7MtytnC65I-00079-00050080-00050768 neck of the crt and those control focus you have two potentiometers over here for focus controls B7MtytnC65I-00080-00050768-00051255 so you might want to eventually tweak those a little bit to adjust the sharpness of your tube B7MtytnC65I-00081-00051312-00051904 here's the flyback assembly down here and as i said this line just leads up over into this B7MtytnC65I-00082-00051960-00052455 and then you also get leads off of this that go down there and help out with the main B7MtytnC65I-00083-00052455-00053120 convergence control let's see yeah see there's a the horizontal static convergence adjustment B7MtytnC65I-00084-00053120-00053736 pot right here on our neck board which the rest of the cables are going into and the neck board sends B7MtytnC65I-00085-00053736-00054416 that picture of information and tells the tube what to do when to fire each gun etc how intense B7MtytnC65I-00086-00054416-00055136 to make each spot on the screen the last boards are these slot boards where your cards go into B7MtytnC65I-00087-00055136-00055648 like your power supply you can tell that's the power supply plug there and then the one slot here B7MtytnC65I-00088-00055720-00056191 and then one of these bays will be open because we don't need an extra card on this particular B7MtytnC65I-00089-00056191-00056704 monitor but then we'll have our deflection and then our input board here and then our bay of B7MtytnC65I-00090-00056704-00057312 you know a different cards we could put in except for the isr board that main isr board needs to B7MtytnC65I-00091-00057312-00057848 go in this first slot right here and the rest of those don't even have to have anything in them to B7MtytnC65I-00092-00057848-00058264 to work as long as you have your four primary boards oh one more little thing down here this B7MtytnC65I-00093-00058264-00058864 is a connection point where you could connect your controller unit you can either connect it B7MtytnC65I-00094-00058864-00059576 um in the back here with this nine pin connection or you can connect it on the front side B7MtytnC65I-00095-00059632-00060264 uh at the bottom of the bezel which is the one i use and it's a different pin out and a different B7MtytnC65I-00096-00060320-00060872 uh eight pen now i'm just going to put all the boards back in this monitor and i'm not B7MtytnC65I-00097-00060872-00061360 going to put the exterior shell on we'll put the boards on we'll fire it up let it warm up and see B7MtytnC65I-00098-00061432-00062048 how the screen looks all right i've repopulated the four primary boards in there and nothing else B7MtytnC65I-00099-00062048-00062752 now we will have a spacer that goes right here and then a spacer that goes right here and then B7MtytnC65I-00100-00062752-00063304 we will input our two additional video cards right here and then i have an additional spacer there B7MtytnC65I-00101-00063367-00063840 but for now i'm just going to set it like this so you can see that's all you need to function this B7MtytnC65I-00102-00063840-00064584 monitor and the way to power it on even without a controller is to power on the main power supply B7MtytnC65I-00103-00064832-00065416 and then come around to the front and we'll start to see some activity here standby B7MtytnC65I-00104-00065536-00066224 and then it'll power on you kind of hear the crt being activated you hear that de-gauze now this B7MtytnC65I-00105-00066224-00066768 crt does take about 30 seconds to activate even if you have your controller plugged in right now B7MtytnC65I-00106-00066824-00067264 as long as it says initializing it won't let you do anything it won't let me B7MtytnC65I-00107-00067264-00067672 let you make any changes you're locked out it just needs that initial second to turn B7MtytnC65I-00108-00067672-00068280 on and now without the controller it's just in whatever left mode it was left in last B7MtytnC65I-00109-00068280-00068808 so i'm not even sure what that is but we'll we'll go get our controller ready we'll let this monitor B7MtytnC65I-00110-00068808-00069648 sit for a little bit warm up let the electron get going and all that good stuff this is our remote B7MtytnC65I-00111-00069648-00070608 that we will be using it is a bkm11r and we can use this to do everything from change our inputs B7MtytnC65I-00112-00070608-00071224 to set our inputs to change monitor settings test the monitor and heck there are even some built-in B7MtytnC65I-00113-00071392-00072088 testing programs to test the crt without even importing a video signal we can use this alone B7MtytnC65I-00114-00072088-00072488 to test it so we'll we'll run through that after the monitor gets warmed up B7MtytnC65I-00115-00072600-00072984 all right our monitor has been warming up for a little while let's go ahead and plug in our B7MtytnC65I-00116-00073040-00073776 remote and get into some navigation through these service menus now i'm not going to go B7MtytnC65I-00117-00073776-00074152 into the full depth of this service menu that would probably take an hour or two B7MtytnC65I-00118-00074224-00074816 truthfully if you have this monitor you need to do yourself a favor and consult the service manual so B7MtytnC65I-00119-00074816-00075528 you know everything that you're capable of doing with this controller so as it sits nothing's being B7MtytnC65I-00120-00075528-00076128 manipulated the only thing you'll notice is it does have lit led lights on the brightness and B7MtytnC65I-00121-00076128-00076664 contrast i like to keep those in manual mode when i adjust this tube just to keep it lower B7MtytnC65I-00122-00076744-00077344 i try to turn down the contrast and brightness on this tube just to not really use or add any stress B7MtytnC65I-00123-00077344-00077936 to it so if we just press our menu button it'll pull up our normal menu and first thing we can B7MtytnC65I-00124-00077936-00078664 do is go over to our status and if we get to this third screen you can see our hours is 14 068 our B7MtytnC65I-00125-00078664-00079200 software version our serial number we can make sure this serial number matches with the other B7MtytnC65I-00126-00079272-00079776 serial numbers on the tube and everything to make sure we have an original piece of hardware here B7MtytnC65I-00127-00079776-00080264 with all its original parts and we do all those serial numbers do match so that's a good thing B7MtytnC65I-00128-00080264-00080904 the other thing you can do that is important is to set up your input configuration so you can go here B7MtytnC65I-00129-00080904-00081296 and under input configuration we're on channel one right now which it says right here B7MtytnC65I-00130-00081368-00081800 it's in rgb but we're not going to run an rgb test we're going to run a component test B7MtytnC65I-00131-00081960-00082600 and to do that component test we'll go over here and do this stmpte first top one yppbr B7MtytnC65I-00132-00082680-00083160 and that's our format we'll do sync mode internal sync mode okay because we're not B7MtytnC65I-00133-00083160-00083616 going to do external sync on there so that is true we'll want that we'll want the screen in B7MtytnC65I-00134-00083616-00084224 four by three mode in normal mode now this first input is set up to be on component B7MtytnC65I-00135-00084224-00084976 with internal sync 4x3 in regular scan mode before we try to plug something into it i want to show B7MtytnC65I-00136-00084976-00085480 you some of these built-in test patterns to go to a specific channel just press the channel but B7MtytnC65I-00137-00085480-00086040 you have to do it in three increments so for example the test patterns are up in the 90s B7MtytnC65I-00138-00086040-00086680 so i press zero first then nine then let's try five yes so see this is a built-in cross B7MtytnC65I-00139-00086680-00087248 hatch pattern to help judge geometry and to make geometry adjustments on the tube B7MtytnC65I-00140-00087320-00087864 you can use this to see obviously too if you have convergence issues on these lines B7MtytnC65I-00141-00087864-00088344 but this is the geometry pattern that's built in let's see what other patterns we have built in B7MtytnC65I-00142-00088344-00089120 we'll go up from 95 there's a secondary geometry pattern 97. now this is a dot pattern that we B7MtytnC65I-00143-00089120-00089656 can use to check our convergence all over the screen and if you can line those dots up to where B7MtytnC65I-00144-00089656-00090208 they're white you don't see any red green or blue separation then you've got perfect convergence B7MtytnC65I-00145-00090208-00090920 on your screen so that's what that little dot pattern is primarily used for 98 we've got another B7MtytnC65I-00146-00090992-00091664 hatch pattern let's see 99 i don't think that's anything okay 99 is nothing 94 is this gray B7MtytnC65I-00147-00091664-00092224 scale pattern so we can check and make sure our beams are not too intense as far as brightness B7MtytnC65I-00148-00092224-00092992 and contrast is concerned we can use that and then if we go one down it's a white screen but B7MtytnC65I-00149-00092992-00093512 what we can do with the white screen is test all our colors because if it's white that means it's B7MtytnC65I-00150-00093512-00094088 red green and blue showing at the same time and we have our white balanced picture there so let's try B7MtytnC65I-00151-00094184-00094784 dropping out and just showing the blue so i've selected and turned off both the red and green B7MtytnC65I-00152-00094784-00095264 i'll turn them all off and it'll just be dark i can turn on just the green and test the green B7MtytnC65I-00153-00095264-00095848 and see how intense it is same thing with the red that's a good way to check all the primary colors B7MtytnC65I-00154-00095848-00096344 and also when you get these primary color screens it's a great thing to check for purity problems B7MtytnC65I-00155-00096344-00096760 because you will see some kind of discoloration in that screen if you do have a purity issue B7MtytnC65I-00156-00096760-00097120 now i hate leaving it on this white screen so i'm not going to leave it on that input B7MtytnC65I-00157-00097264-00098024 and to get back to input one i need to hit zero zero one one other thing you can do on here is B7MtytnC65I-00158-00098024-00098712 you can go in and do an alignment change and you can do further adjustments than this if you B7MtytnC65I-00159-00098712-00099288 get into the sub menu on this monitor but if you just need to get into this portion of the monitor B7MtytnC65I-00160-00099376-00099976 and do some quick adjustments you can obviously do rotation horizontal center and size B7MtytnC65I-00161-00100032-00100648 vertical center in size and then you can even do your blanking and stuff like that subcontrast can B7MtytnC65I-00162-00100648-00101352 be adjusted in the alignment page too we've got pin cushion settings for geometry and then finally B7MtytnC65I-00163-00101352-00102216 we have these four built-in which is just amazing convergence adjustment tools that will allow us to B7MtytnC65I-00164-00102272-00102680 you know do the vertical convergence on the top the bottom and the center B7MtytnC65I-00165-00102680-00103224 and then the horizontal static convergence all from software built into the actual bvm so you B7MtytnC65I-00166-00103224-00103616 can do most of that adjusting on this monitor without even getting into the top or the back B7MtytnC65I-00167-00103616-00104392 and messing with things if you need to do further uh menu options then you need to get into this B7MtytnC65I-00168-00104392-00104952 extended menu and you have to put a password in and i believe it's one one one so it's four ones B7MtytnC65I-00169-00104952-00105528 is the normal standard password i just got in extended menu the most important thing on this B7MtytnC65I-00170-00105680-00106040 except for maintenance is to do this check out this vcr mode B7MtytnC65I-00171-00106040-00106783 if you have any sync issues with a console or vcr pretty much but primarily consoles like B7MtytnC65I-00172-00106783-00107344 some of them put out a funky sync if you have a sync problem where it won't sync try this vcr mode B7MtytnC65I-00173-00107344-00107832 turn it on all you have to do to turn it on is hit enter and then you go up or down and hit enter B7MtytnC65I-00174-00107832-00108304 again to turn it on or off and see if that helps clear up your sync that's what it's meant to do B7MtytnC65I-00175-00108368-00108856 and if you need to go into maintenance you got to put that password in again so put in four ones B7MtytnC65I-00176-00108935-00109552 and it takes you to each individual board let's see the e-board might be yes the e-board c has B7MtytnC65I-00177-00109608-00110288 further adjustments available for geometry mostly see how we have extra linearities that weren't on B7MtytnC65I-00178-00110344-00110944 the other uh an aspect ratio stuff we got all kinds of different additional horizontal pin B7MtytnC65I-00179-00110944-00111504 cushion and adjustments that you can do in this monitor look at all these different adjustments B7MtytnC65I-00180-00111504-00112080 that are available for just your deflection it's a lot i've got a gamecube here we're going to just B7MtytnC65I-00181-00112080-00112704 turn the gamecube on we'll start out in 480i everything looks good and normal here now if i B7MtytnC65I-00182-00112704-00113128 hold down b as this game loads it should give me an option to possibly go into progressive B7MtytnC65I-00183-00113128-00113872 let's see yeah so right now it's in 480i mode and then it's as i held down b as it loaded it B7MtytnC65I-00184-00113872-00114359 gives me the option to do a progressive scan mode now when i do that you see the monitor kicks out B7MtytnC65I-00185-00114416-00115104 of 15 kilohertz mode and goes into 480p or 30 plus thousand kilohertz or hertz not B7MtytnC65I-00186-00115104-00115768 kilohertz 30 kilohertz sorry anyway now we're in progressive mode the monitor is a lot quieter it's B7MtytnC65I-00187-00115768-00116535 running at a higher frequency and we're looking at a 480p progressive image here and let's see how B7MtytnC65I-00188-00116656-00117311 luigi looks in this i mean i love the way that this monitor uh really plays back 480p that's B7MtytnC65I-00189-00117311-00117920 where it shines i've got the 240p test pattern pulled up and unfortunately my camera is not going B7MtytnC65I-00190-00117920-00118496 to be able to do the justice that's deserving of this monitor because it looks just fabulous B7MtytnC65I-00191-00118568-00119135 it's so high resolution you get really thick scan lines i'm sure you can see those on the screen B7MtytnC65I-00192-00119135-00119735 how our teamio his head looks beautiful with all the scan lines there so you're definitely B7MtytnC65I-00193-00119735-00120376 getting a wonderful scan line image if you're just concerned about that with 240p on this monitor B7MtytnC65I-00194-00120448-00121120 i just wanted to show you some other stuff here we've got our uh old-fashioned grid B7MtytnC65I-00195-00121120-00121744 and again you can see just how great this tube looks linearity is pretty good we are a little bit B7MtytnC65I-00196-00121744-00122264 over scanned this is a pretty good indicator that the tubes i mean the green is a little bit higher B7MtytnC65I-00197-00122335-00122888 but the tube's in pretty good even balance shape and you could turn the brightness up and B7MtytnC65I-00198-00122888-00123544 it will stay within white balance here's good old monoscope pattern and i do think we need to expand B7MtytnC65I-00199-00123544-00124183 it a little bit horizontally to get that image or shrink it down vertically to get that aspect ratio B7MtytnC65I-00200-00124183-00124735 perfect all right so there you have it that's kind of a first level overview of all the hardware B7MtytnC65I-00201-00124735-00125600 inside the sony bvmd20 f1u monitor and again this one is going to go to a new home so be a B7MtytnC65I-00202-00125600-00126080 while before i probably have another one of these to feature and so i wanted to give this a good B7MtytnC65I-00203-00126080-00126592 lengthy look before i let it go i don't really know what else to say about this monitor it's B7MtytnC65I-00204-00126592-00127224 one of my favorites that sony ever made i still love that they maintained that trinitron tube of B7MtytnC65I-00205-00127224-00127783 being angled on one edge and they didn't go to a completely flat tube on this monitor like they do B7MtytnC65I-00206-00127783-00128568 on the d24 and as far as like again four by three for anything that's in that format it's gonna look B7MtytnC65I-00207-00128568-00129120 fabulous on this screen personally i like the sony more than the shadow mass in this level B7MtytnC65I-00208-00129120-00129624 but that's just me so that's up for you to decide and to pick which one you like more B7MtytnC65I-00209-00129696-00130208 but they're both great choices if you can get a multi-format in this size but this specific B7MtytnC65I-00210-00130208-00130872 bvm by sony they really did a great job on this one and i really love the thing B7MtytnC65I-00211-00130872-00131432 thanks again for watching everybody i'll see y'all next time with some more retro content Br7g9QengQM-00000-00000814-00000953 I love you Mommy Br7g9QengQM-00001-00001307-00001481 So... So... Much! Br7g9QengQM-00002-00001796-00002019 Building tents is so much fun. Br7g9QengQM-00003-00002252-00002450 and I like reading. Br7g9QengQM-00004-00002772-00002951 and I like to do everything! Br7g9QengQM-00005-00003146-00003497 You make the best Adventures BsqctQrKIT4-00000-00000576-00001128 Ciao friends! Beth with ThimbleHooks! Thanks for stopping by today to see my sweetest new BsqctQrKIT4-00001-00001128-00001736 little Worry Worm. I was fiddling around making Worry Worms and I used this color right here, BsqctQrKIT4-00002-00001736-00002240 my Caron Simply Soft, I think it's Soft Green, and I said wow! That looks like minty ice cream! BsqctQrKIT4-00003-00002296-00002808 So I just tweaked my pattern, my design a little bit and now I have ice cream BsqctQrKIT4-00004-00002808-00003424 cones. Ice cream cone Worry Worms, and I call them my Sweetest Worry Worms. Aren't BsqctQrKIT4-00005-00003424-00003984 they adorable? With little googly eyes. But let's get started and make this. Barely BsqctQrKIT4-00006-00003984-00004568 takes any time at all - takes a another minute or so more than my original design. BsqctQrKIT4-00007-00004704-00005328 So I'm gonna set all these little guys over here. You're gonna want to have a couple of googly eyes, BsqctQrKIT4-00008-00005384-00006152 and I'm going to use Caron Simply Soft. This is Soft Pink I think, and this one is Bone, which is BsqctQrKIT4-00009-00006152-00006816 this kind of a color right here, this tan. This tan color, that's for the ice cream cone part, BsqctQrKIT4-00010-00006888-00007608 and two googly eyes. And I'm going to use use my four millimeter and my Augsun from the Augsun BsqctQrKIT4-00011-00007608-00008200 store on Amazon. I really like these little hooks, they're very lightweight. They're kind of short, BsqctQrKIT4-00012-00008200-00008792 but I like the handles a lot, and they come in their own little box. I showed you all that not BsqctQrKIT4-00013-00008792-00009168 that long ago, but I thought I would let you know I've been working with these all week, BsqctQrKIT4-00014-00009168-00009632 and I really, really like them. I'll go ahead and put a tag above so you can see that review, BsqctQrKIT4-00015-00009632-00010248 if you want to get a little bit closer look at my Augsun hooks. Alright, so I'm using the baby pink, BsqctQrKIT4-00016-00010248-00010632 so we'll make strawberry ice cream. We'll make one of these right here, this little guy. So BsqctQrKIT4-00017-00010632-00011216 we're gonna do a Magic Circle, and if you're not familiar with the Magic Circle I do have a really BsqctQrKIT4-00018-00011216-00012000 short tutorial on how to do this the super easy way, it only takes a couple minutes and you can BsqctQrKIT4-00019-00012000-00012600 find that on my channel as well. So we made our Magic Circle. We're going to put eight single BsqctQrKIT4-00020-00012600-00013200 crochets in our circle, and I love my stitch markers, so we're going to mark the first one. BsqctQrKIT4-00021-00013316-00013608 I like doing that when I'm working in the round, BsqctQrKIT4-00022-00013608-00014256 because sometimes I can get distracted just like anybody else. There's two, there's three... BsqctQrKIT4-00023-00014376-00014952 and eight. And again this is a four millimeter hook, and my Caron Simply Soft. There we go, BsqctQrKIT4-00024-00014952-00015584 we have our eight single crochets in our Magic Circle, and we'll pull our Magic Circle closed. BsqctQrKIT4-00025-00015719-00016304 And now we're going to increase our circle, so that would be two single crochets in BsqctQrKIT4-00026-00016304-00017024 every stitch around. We're going to increase from 8 to 16. So, there's my first stitch. BsqctQrKIT4-00027-00017104-00017656 Two single crochets in every stitch all the way around, up to sixteen. There's number two, BsqctQrKIT4-00028-00017856-00018544 and we'll be back at the stitch marker in no time... and my last stitch. We just increased BsqctQrKIT4-00029-00018544-00019216 to 16. We're going to do one more increase around. We're going to take from 16 up to 24, BsqctQrKIT4-00030-00019216-00019784 so the very first one is a single crochet and move my marker... BsqctQrKIT4-00031-00020224-00020952 and then next is two single crochets in the next stitch, and that's our sequence all the BsqctQrKIT4-00032-00020952-00021680 way around. One single and two singles in the next stitch, all the way around, and that will increase BsqctQrKIT4-00033-00021680-00022448 us to 24... there's my last stitch. Increased up to 24. So now we just have our little circle, BsqctQrKIT4-00034-00022544-00023360 and that's his little head. Now we're done with this ice cream color, and we get to move on... BsqctQrKIT4-00035-00023568-00024016 to the cone color. See how fast this goes? Just only takes a couple of minutes. BsqctQrKIT4-00036-00024192-00024792 And what we're going to do here, is we're going to go into BsqctQrKIT4-00037-00024920-00025520 our marked stitch, pull through, but don't finish that stitch because we're going to BsqctQrKIT4-00038-00025832-00026576 finish off that slip stitch with the tan. I believe that color is actually Boom. BsqctQrKIT4-00039-00026720-00027632 And now we get to chain 14... 12 13 and 14. So now we have a long chain hanging from our circle. BsqctQrKIT4-00040-00027952-00028280 You can tighten those up a little bit. We'll deal with that, BsqctQrKIT4-00041-00028280-00028744 all those tails, in just a little bit. So now we're going to make the cone. Really, BsqctQrKIT4-00042-00028744-00029239 really, really, really easy. Very first stitch that you can work into is a slip stitch... BsqctQrKIT4-00043-00029560-00029680 and the next stitch... BsqctQrKIT4-00044-00029904-00030608 I want five single crochets. There's one, two, three, four... BsqctQrKIT4-00045-00030816-00031592 and five. We're going to do that a total of four times, so five single crochets BsqctQrKIT4-00046-00031736-00032352 in those first four chains. There's the first one, here we go our first four chains. Actually the BsqctQrKIT4-00047-00032352-00032856 very first chain was a slip stitch, and then the next four chains each got five single crochets. BsqctQrKIT4-00048-00032944-00033272 Now, in this next four: One, two, three, four, they get BsqctQrKIT4-00049-00033272-00034040 five double crochets each, in the next four chains... and here's my last double crochet. BsqctQrKIT4-00050-00034344-00034800 And I did five double crochets in those four chains. I have four chains left, BsqctQrKIT4-00051-00034800-00035296 and each one of these gets five triple crochets, so that's yarn over twice BsqctQrKIT4-00052-00035624-00035992 and pull through, pull through and pull through BsqctQrKIT4-00053-00036064-00036624 five in each chain until you're all out of the bone color... BsqctQrKIT4-00054-00036896-00038328 and there's my last grouping of triple crochet. This is kind of a gobbledygook mess right now BsqctQrKIT4-00055-00038328-00038768 because we haven't twirled it. I'm going to pull this one a little bit tighter. BsqctQrKIT4-00056-00039016-00039640 One more row to do on the, on the cone. So we're gonna chain one and turn our work, BsqctQrKIT4-00057-00039640-00040384 and work back down to the pointy end of the ice cream cone. And single crochet all the way down. BsqctQrKIT4-00058-00040528-00041288 However, the very last stitch, very, very, very last stitch is a slip stitch. BsqctQrKIT4-00059-00041536-00041816 Single crochet all the way down BsqctQrKIT4-00060-00041984-00042752 your cone... and there's my last single crochet. And in our very, very last stitch, which is kind BsqctQrKIT4-00061-00042752-00043584 of tricky to get to, just because it was a slip stitch in the first place, is another slip stitch. BsqctQrKIT4-00062-00043728-00044496 And there's my slip stitch. Now we're done with the cone, so at this point BsqctQrKIT4-00063-00044584-00045168 we can take out... we don't need that anymore, we can cut off from our pink. BsqctQrKIT4-00064-00045584-00046384 Before we swirl this together, let's just tie this in a knot. The ending tail for the pink BsqctQrKIT4-00065-00046448-00047432 and the starting tail for the cone. Just like to tie that off. Pull this one a little tighter, BsqctQrKIT4-00066-00047432-00048112 close our center, and now we're just going to twirl them around like you do with the curlicue... BsqctQrKIT4-00067-00048432-00049184 get our stitches facing the right direction. BsqctQrKIT4-00068-00049360-00050088 Just keep following and following and twisting and twist until you have a cone that you like. BsqctQrKIT4-00069-00050320-00050832 They're all going to be a little bit different just because the twist is going to be however you BsqctQrKIT4-00070-00050832-00051560 want to twist it. Voila! Ice cream cone. Now at this point you're going to take out a needle and BsqctQrKIT4-00071-00051560-00052040 take this, bring it around to the front, and give this just a quick little slip stitch... BsqctQrKIT4-00072-00052248-00052336 anywhere you want... BsqctQrKIT4-00073-00052664-00052960 to here... BsqctQrKIT4-00074-00053216-00053488 just to keep that one down if you wanted to. You don't have to. BsqctQrKIT4-00075-00053600-00053920 I just decided to keep the cone all in one place. BsqctQrKIT4-00076-00054416-00054784 And just send that tail on down, BsqctQrKIT4-00077-00055328-00055912 and now he's gone. That tail is just hanging out right here. We can snip him off BsqctQrKIT4-00078-00056104-00056448 a little bit shorter, so he's not showing anymore. BsqctQrKIT4-00079-00056736-00057272 Take our final end and just weave him back up through the BsqctQrKIT4-00080-00057544-00057808 and center and pull it as tightly as you wish... BsqctQrKIT4-00081-00058424-00059048 to make the point of your cone, and then we'll snip, snip that one BsqctQrKIT4-00082-00059224-00059879 because now he's inside the comb, gone. Last thing we need to do is get rid of these pink tails. BsqctQrKIT4-00083-00060040-00060672 I just take my very beginning tail from my Magic Circle and get it a little bit closer to the other BsqctQrKIT4-00084-00060752-00061040 ending tail so we can tie them in a knot. BsqctQrKIT4-00085-00061567-00061784 Tie them in a knot, BsqctQrKIT4-00086-00062232-00062848 snip, snip, and there's our cone. He's so cute. All we need to do at this point is put the googly BsqctQrKIT4-00087-00062848-00063591 eyes on, wherever you want. There we go, he's done. How cute is that? You make them in any color BsqctQrKIT4-00088-00063591-00064048 you want, whatever kind of ice cream you like. So if you haven't made your hundred Worry Worms yet, BsqctQrKIT4-00089-00064048-00064360 you can switch it up a little bit and make some ice cream cones. Make the Sweetest BsqctQrKIT4-00090-00064360-00064879 Worry Worms ever. So thanks for stopping by; thank you for supporting my small business; BsqctQrKIT4-00091-00064879-00065184 please subscribe to ThimbleHooks, tell all your friends about me BsqctQrKIT4-00092-00065240-00065984 and make a whole bunch of new Worry Worms. See you soon! Bye! BwqzME-Eq4u-00000-00000000-00000528 Sometimes you have missing data in the dependent variable and the BwqzME-Eq4u-00001-00000528-00000795 missingness depends on the actual missing value. BwqzME-Eq4u-00002-00000795-00001413 For example if you study the wages of people whether you actually observe BwqzME-Eq4u-00003-00001413-00001917 a wage for a person might depend on the wages that the person was offered BwqzME-Eq4u-00004-00001917-00002556 and then the person declined the job. In this case selection models can be useful. BwqzME-Eq4u-00005-00002556-00003099 The most commonly used and well-known selection model is the one introduced BwqzME-Eq4u-00006-00003099-00004044 by James Heckman in 1976 and 1979 papers that won him the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2000. BwqzME-Eq4u-00007-00004044-00004479 How does the Heckman selection work and what kind of assumptions does it make? BwqzME-Eq4u-00008-00004479-00005094 Let's take a look. So Heckman selection model and selection models more generally BwqzME-Eq4u-00009-00005094-00005721 address the missing not at random case. So the worst case scenario in missing BwqzME-Eq4u-00010-00005721-00006246 data is when you have missingness in the dependent variable and the actual BwqzME-Eq4u-00011-00006246-00006723 whether the observation is missing or not depends on on the value that is missing. BwqzME-Eq4u-00012-00006723-00007317 So if the missingness depends on the value that is missing then of course we can test BwqzME-Eq4u-00013-00007317-00007902 what is the missing data mechanism. So this must be assumed based on theory. For example BwqzME-Eq4u-00014-00007902-00008616 if Y here is the wages that a person was offered and then we observe only those BwqzME-Eq4u-00015-00008616-00009348 people who decided to accept a job we could infer based on theory that if a person is BwqzME-Eq4u-00016-00009348-00009930 offered a very low wage then that person would rather stay at home for example to BwqzME-Eq4u-00017-00009930-00010551 take care of the kids or stay at home earning unemployment benefits or some other reason. BwqzME-Eq4u-00018-00010551-00011016 So this is the scenario that the Heckman selection model addresses. BwqzME-Eq4u-00019-00011016-00011631 When Heckman's selection model is used you can see a couple of terms up here in BwqzME-Eq4u-00020-00011631-00012267 papers. So this is not a good example of how the Heckman's selection model BwqzME-Eq4u-00021-00012267-00012804 is applied but it shows you the key terms. You can see citations to 1979 BwqzME-Eq4u-00022-00012804-00013391 paper. You can see the word Heckman and you can see the word inverse Mill's ratio here. BwqzME-Eq4u-00023-00013391-00013929 So what is - whose is Mills? Why is the ratio and why do we take an inverse? BwqzME-Eq4u-00024-00013929-00014676 Normally in a selection model you run this kind of equation. So you have two BwqzME-Eq4u-00025-00014676-00015075 equations in the selection model. So you have the selection equation. This BwqzME-Eq4u-00026-00015075-00015494 example comes from Enders' book and then you have the main model. BwqzME-Eq4u-00027-00015494-00016326 So in Enders' book we have IQ explaining job performance and then we have well-being BwqzME-Eq4u-00028-00016326-00017061 predicting on whether that person stays in the job or not. So we have one equation that BwqzME-Eq4u-00029-00017061-00017700 tells us or tries to explain if we observe the value of the dependent variable for a BwqzME-Eq4u-00030-00017700-00018594 person and another model that tries to explain the differences in the dependent BwqzME-Eq4u-00031-00018594-00019071 variable. Controlling for the fact that some of those values were not observed. BwqzME-Eq4u-00032-00019071-00019701 And how this works is that we must make the assumption that the error BwqzME-Eq4u-00033-00019701-00020193 terms of these two models are normally distributed and we assume that they BwqzME-Eq4u-00034-00020193-00021009 are correlated. So whatever causes job performance also causes the missingness. BwqzME-Eq4u-00035-00021009-00021492 So this is basically that unobserved variable unobserved part or the error BwqzME-Eq4u-00036-00021492-00022275 term of job performance also correlates with the selection and this selection model is a BwqzME-Eq4u-00037-00022275-00023076 probit model and the idea of a profit model is that the job performance data BwqzME-Eq4u-00038-00023076-00023778 is observed if this predicted value plus the error term Zeta is greater than zero. BwqzME-Eq4u-00039-00023778-00024396 So at this point it's a good idea to recap what the probit model was about and the idea BwqzME-Eq4u-00040-00024396-00024927 of a probit model was that we estimate a linear prediction first. So here's BwqzME-Eq4u-00041-00024927-00025551 our linear prediction. We call it a Y* and this is like a normal regression model and BwqzME-Eq4u-00042-00025551-00026286 then we add a normally distributed error term to the linear prediction - like we BwqzME-Eq4u-00043-00026286-00027156 do in a regression analysis - and instead of observing that Y* directly we observe one if BwqzME-Eq4u-00044-00027156-00027936 Y* is greater than zero and we observe zero otherwise and here one is that the person BwqzME-Eq4u-00045-00027936-00028398 was observed and zero indicates that there is missing data for that person. BwqzME-Eq4u-00046-00028398-00028968 So this is briefly the probit model and if you don't know probit model then you BwqzME-Eq4u-00047-00028968-00029280 should probably look at another video where I explain this model in detail. BwqzME-Eq4u-00048-00029280-00030018 Why we use the profit model will become clear pretty soon. So let's get back to the selection BwqzME-Eq4u-00049-00030018-00030705 model and let's use an example and this example comes from status user manual. This is an a way BwqzME-Eq4u-00050-00030705-00031149 to implement the selection model using status generalized structural regression modelling. BwqzME-Eq4u-00051-00031149-00031572 We will not be using generalized structure regression modeling in example but this is BwqzME-Eq4u-00052-00031572-00032085 the nice path diagram and data set that shows what we're going to do. BwqzME-Eq4u-00053-00032085-00032889 So we are explaining the wages of people - women in this case - and BwqzME-Eq4u-00054-00032889-00033513 how the wage is depend on education and age. The problem is that if a BwqzME-Eq4u-00055-00033513-00034068 person was offered a low wage they would choose not to work and this is BwqzME-Eq4u-00056-00034068-00034632 the problem that Heckman addressed when he was developing the selection model. BwqzME-Eq4u-00057-00034632-00035169 We also have a selection equation and we think that the way the person decides to work or not BwqzME-Eq4u-00058-00035169-00035664 depends on whether they're married or not and whether they have children or not. We BwqzME-Eq4u-00059-00035664-00036243 could for example theorize that a person who has many children needs more money and BwqzME-Eq4u-00060-00036243-00036798 therefore is more likely to work. We could also theorized that a person who has many children BwqzME-Eq4u-00061-00036798-00037416 would favor staying at home with the kids instead of going to work. Depending on what BwqzME-Eq4u-00062-00037416-00037980 kind of benefits you get for having kids from the government in the society where you live. BwqzME-Eq4u-00063-00037980-00038592 But anyway we think that whether you're married whether you have kids effects or BwqzME-Eq4u-00064-00038592-00039108 whether you go to work or not and we also think that the marriage or BwqzME-Eq4u-00065-00039108-00039606 the number of kids will not affect how much money you are offered for BwqzME-Eq4u-00066-00039606-00040236 a job and it would be illegal for that to matter at least in Finland where I live. BwqzME-Eq4u-00067-00040236-00040791 So we run a regression model or Heckman's selection model using this data. So these BwqzME-Eq4u-00068-00040791-00041301 are artificially generated data by this data and we get two sets of estimates. We get out BwqzME-Eq4u-00069-00041301-00041850 the weights equation. This is the equation of interest and we get the selection equation and BwqzME-Eq4u-00070-00041850-00042312 this selection equation is simply a probit model. So we can see that if you're married BwqzME-Eq4u-00071-00042312-00042936 or if you have kids you're more likely to work and age has an effect if you're BwqzME-Eq4u-00072-00042936-00043278 older you're more likely to work if you're higher education you're more likely to work. BwqzME-Eq4u-00073-00043278-00044226 And then now this wage education here controls for the selection effect. So how does this BwqzME-Eq4u-00074-00044226-00044751 actually work and let's take a look how it works. And here's the selection model again. BwqzME-Eq4u-00075-00044751-00045219 So we have... This is from from Enders book. So we have job performance the dependent variable. BwqzME-Eq4u-00076-00045219-00045900 We think well being explains whether you actually stay at job or not and we think BwqzME-Eq4u-00077-00045900-00046584 that well-being does not affect job performance and we think that IQ does not affect selection. BwqzME-Eq4u-00078-00046584-00047196 Normally we would regress selection on IQ because that's how the thing is done. BwqzME-Eq4u-00079-00047196-00047925 I will get to that a bit later but let's take a look at the basic idea. So the idea here is BwqzME-Eq4u-00080-00047925-00048741 that we try to control for Zeta. So if we could control for Zeta somehow then BwqzME-Eq4u-00081-00048741-00049494 this epsilon would be uncorrelated with the selection. So that's the key inside here. BwqzME-Eq4u-00082-00049494-00050109 This selection is kind of like a normative variable problem. If we can come up with the BwqzME-Eq4u-00083-00050109-00050709 right control variable then the epsilon after controlling for the right control BwqzME-Eq4u-00084-00050709-00051294 variable will be uncorrelated a selection. So the key problem here is that we need to BwqzME-Eq4u-00085-00051294-00051876 estimate the Zeta here and how do we go about doing it. How do we estimate Zeta? BwqzME-Eq4u-00086-00051876-00052541 And this is where the probit model and the normal distribution assumption becomes BwqzME-Eq4u-00087-00052541-00053417 important. So the idea of a profit model was that we observe a 1 if this equation BwqzME-Eq4u-00088-00053417-00054114 here Y* is greater than zero and we observe a zero or we don't observe BwqzME-Eq4u-00089-00054114-00054690 the dependent variable there's missing us if this equation is less than zero. BwqzME-Eq4u-00090-00054690-00055491 How does it work? So we have linear prediction. So we have betas times to observe predictors in BwqzME-Eq4u-00091-00055491-00056199 the selection model we call it Xb and if the linear prediction is A then we BwqzME-Eq4u-00092-00056199-00057033 know that the Zeta must have a value of at least minus A. So for example in this case BwqzME-Eq4u-00093-00057033-00057663 the fitted value of the linear prediction is minus one. We know that then Zeta must BwqzME-Eq4u-00094-00057663-00058425 receive at least the value of one for that case to be absurd and then the area on the BwqzME-Eq4u-00095-00058425-00058991 right hand side of the normal curve gives the probability of actually observing the case. BwqzME-Eq4u-00096-00058991-00060254 Also if we know that Zeta is at least minus A then we need to calculate what is the expected value of BwqzME-Eq4u-00097-00060254-00061098 Zeta. So if we know that Zeta must be at least one so this is the normal distribution zero is BwqzME-Eq4u-00098-00061098-00061821 here centered at minus one and this is plus one standard deviation above the mean. So if we know BwqzME-Eq4u-00099-00061821-00062469 that Zeta is a plus one standard deviation then what is the expected value of Zeta? BwqzME-Eq4u-00100-00062469-00063092 So we basically know that if we observe a case then Zeta did not receive any of BwqzME-Eq4u-00101-00063092-00063558 these values. So we didn't receive value - we didn't get any of the values that are BwqzME-Eq4u-00102-00063558-00064245 below one. It must have gotten a value above one. So assuming that the value BwqzME-Eq4u-00103-00064245-00064770 is above one - for Zeta in this case - what is the expected value of Zeta? BwqzME-Eq4u-00104-00064770-00065366 So we basically would have to integrate over this normal distribution this part and the BwqzME-Eq4u-00105-00065366-00065847 and that would give us the mean. So we don't actually have to do the integration because BwqzME-Eq4u-00106-00065847-00066528 the expected value or the mean of this data is given by this kind of equation. So it's BwqzME-Eq4u-00107-00066528-00067173 basically what this quantifies is the ratio of this probability density. So the height of the BwqzME-Eq4u-00108-00067173-00067872 normal curve at the cutoff point divided by the area under the curve and A is the BwqzME-Eq4u-00109-00067872-00068706 predictive - So A is the value of that we need and one minus A is this area on the right hand BwqzME-Eq4u-00110-00068706-00069294 side off the curve. The reason for that is that the cumulative distribution gives us the area on BwqzME-Eq4u-00111-00069294-00069846 the left hand side of the cutoff. So one minus the cumulative distribution is the right hand side. BwqzME-Eq4u-00112-00069846-00070617 There are different ways of calculating or expressing in this quantity known as a inverse BwqzME-Eq4u-00113-00070617-00071472 Mills ratio. So why is it an inverse Mills ratio? Well there's statistic called Mills who worked BwqzME-Eq4u-00114-00071472-00072279 on the ratio of probability density - probability cumulative probability and divided by probability BwqzME-Eq4u-00115-00072279-00073065 density. So that's Mills ratio and this is just the opposite of the same ratio. So Mills was BwqzME-Eq4u-00116-00073065-00073893 working on the ratios of probability - cumulative probability divided by probability density and we BwqzME-Eq4u-00117-00073893-00074607 are dividing probability density by cumulative probability. So and there is not much more to BwqzME-Eq4u-00118-00074607-00075255 that. So there is like if you want to know where this comes from you need to study statistics but I BwqzME-Eq4u-00119-00075255-00075690 don't think that understanding where this comes from is very useful for an Applied Researcher. BwqzME-Eq4u-00120-00075690-00076116 It's a bit unfortunate that the name inverse Mills ratio is used BwqzME-Eq4u-00121-00076116-00076845 in applied papers. I would think that for example expected Zeta would be a lot more BwqzME-Eq4u-00122-00076845-00077292 descriptive of what the inverse Mills ratio actually quantifies. BwqzME-Eq4u-00123-00077292-00077871 Let's take a look at how this works in a bit more detail to try to understand BwqzME-Eq4u-00124-00077871-00078420 what the Heckman selection model is doing. So this is the probit model using the same BwqzME-Eq4u-00125-00078420-00078858 data set. so we are running a profit model selection on unmarried children BwqzME-Eq4u-00126-00078858-00079359 education and age and this is the probit coefficients. They are of course the same BwqzME-Eq4u-00127-00079359-00079752 that we have in the selection model because we are estimating the same probit model. BwqzME-Eq4u-00128-00079752-00080325 And we will then take the predicted values - the fitted values they are called BwqzME-Eq4u-00129-00080325-00080919 Xb's. So X is the observed take on b he regression coefficients so absurd predictor stands regression BwqzME-Eq4u-00130-00080919-00081600 coefficients it's predicting values and here is the the predictive value for a particular case. BwqzME-Eq4u-00131-00081600-00082197 So for example the first case the predictive value is minus point 69 and this case was not BwqzME-Eq4u-00132-00082197-00082827 observed and so on. And then we have on min Zeta so I generated a value of min BwqzME-Eq4u-00133-00082827-00083484 Zeta and this is the value that the Zeta must receive at least for this case to be BwqzME-Eq4u-00134-00083484-00084057 observed. So and I only calculated it for the selective the observed cases. We could BwqzME-Eq4u-00135-00084057-00084519 of course calculate for all cases but I chose just calculate it for those cases BwqzME-Eq4u-00136-00084519-00084939 that we observe because those are the ones that we use in the main equation. BwqzME-Eq4u-00137-00084939-00085611 So if the predictive value is minus 0.2 then Zeta must receive a value BwqzME-Eq4u-00138-00085611-00086115 of at least point two for that case to be selected. So Zeta is normally distributed BwqzME-Eq4u-00139-00086115-00086799 the mean of zero and standard deviation of one and so if we require a positive value BwqzME-Eq4u-00140-00086799-00087318 for Zeta we know that the probability for being selected is less than 50%. BwqzME-Eq4u-00141-00087318-00087900 And then the inverse Mills ratio tells what is the expected value BwqzME-Eq4u-00142-00087900-00088503 of Zeta given that we know that Zeta must be at least point two. So this BwqzME-Eq4u-00143-00088503-00089031 is the idea and let's take a look at the inverse Mills ratio a bit more. BwqzME-Eq4u-00144-00089031-00090144 So here is the hypothetical Zeta. So this is the distribution of Zeta and the gray area is those BwqzME-Eq4u-00145-00090144-00091374 values that would cause the case to be selected and if the fitted value is very large then the BwqzME-Eq4u-00146-00091374-00091911 case will be selected in no matter what. So if the fitted value is let's say the linear prediction is BwqzME-Eq4u-00147-00091911-00092553 five then pretty much any value of Zeta that we add to 5 because Zeta is standard normal BwqzME-Eq4u-00148-00092553-00093144 distribution will lead to a value that is greater than 0 and therefore the case being selected. BwqzME-Eq4u-00149-00093144-00094101 This red line gives us the average or the expected value of Zeta assuming that Zeta BwqzME-Eq4u-00150-00094101-00094752 is is greater than whatever cutoff we have. So we can see how the inverse Mills ratio - the BwqzME-Eq4u-00151-00094752-00095340 expected value - depends on the minimum required Zeta and this animation shows it BwqzME-Eq4u-00152-00095340-00096075 that when we start increasing the required Zeta a bit then we can see that the mean BwqzME-Eq4u-00153-00096075-00096759 or the expected value of this remaining Zeta goes to the right so it increases. BwqzME-Eq4u-00154-00096759-00097686 And this basically just demonstrates what the inverse Mills ratio quantifies. It quantifies BwqzME-Eq4u-00155-00097824-00098679 what is the expected value of those values of Zeta that would cause the case to be selected BwqzME-Eq4u-00156-00098679-00099681 and we can see that as the required Zeta increases so does the inverse Mills ratio. BwqzME-Eq4u-00157-00099681-00100398 In fact if we take a look at the relationship between the linear prediction and the inverse BwqzME-Eq4u-00158-00100398-00100974 Mills ratio we can see that this is a decreasing function. So if the BwqzME-Eq4u-00159-00100974-00101469 linear prediction is very large if we are saying that okay the linear prediction is BwqzME-Eq4u-00160-00101469-00102210 four then pretty much any value of normal distribution would qualify and the expected BwqzME-Eq4u-00161-00102210-00102816 value from normal distribution is zero so the inverse means ratio is zero as well. BwqzME-Eq4u-00162-00102816-00103581 When the predicted value goes to and is highly negative so for example -4 BwqzME-Eq4u-00163-00103581-00104223 then we need a very large value from zeta. Only the right hand tail of the BwqzME-Eq4u-00164-00104223-00104913 Zeta qualifies and produces Y* that is greater than zero. BwqzME-Eq4u-00165-00104913-00105348 So the relationship between the linear prediction the probit model and inverse BwqzME-Eq4u-00166-00105348-00106056 Mills ratio is here and we can observe a couple of things. For the X be the linear prediction BwqzME-Eq4u-00167-00106056-00106590 is of course a linear function of the observed variables. We can also see that for the most BwqzME-Eq4u-00168-00106590-00107301 part inverse Mills ratio is approximately linear function of the prediction. So if BwqzME-Eq4u-00169-00107301-00107949 we take for example from -2 to 2 then a line would be a pretty good approximation and that BwqzME-Eq4u-00170-00107949-00108426 is where most of the cases fall between plus and minus 2 standard deviations from the mean. BwqzME-Eq4u-00171-00108426-00109443 So the inverse Mills ratio is close to a linear function of a weighted sum of the independent BwqzME-Eq4u-00172-00109443-00110289 variables and this causes a bit of a problem. So if we include the inverse Mills ratio from BwqzME-Eq4u-00173-00110289-00110898 a probit model calculated using the same set of predictors that we use in the main model BwqzME-Eq4u-00174-00110898-00111666 it might work but it would produce an extremely collinear model. So we would need a large number BwqzME-Eq4u-00175-00111666-00112467 of observations and also the identification of our model would depend on the fact that this curves a BwqzME-Eq4u-00176-00112467-00113196 little bit and justifying this kind of functional form would be very difficult based on theory. BwqzME-Eq4u-00177-00113196-00113858 So in practice we need to have instrumental variables to avoid BwqzME-Eq4u-00178-00113858-00114732 this collinearity. So the collinary issue s avoided here in Enders paper by having BwqzME-Eq4u-00179-00114732-00115455 wellbeing being a predictor of selection but not a predictor of job performance. BwqzME-Eq4u-00180-00115455-00115968 So in practice you need to have these instruments in the Heckman selection BwqzME-Eq4u-00181-00115968-00116883 model and the reason why we need to have them is that otherwise the inverse Mills ratios will BwqzME-Eq4u-00182-00116883-00117594 be perfectly or nearly perfectly correlated with these predictors in the many occurs. BwqzME-Eq4u-00183-00117594-00118329 So if we have a very large sample size we could in theory estimate the IQs effect only IQ in the BwqzME-Eq4u-00184-00118329-00119028 selection model and get this to actually run but we would rely on the differences in the BwqzME-Eq4u-00185-00119028-00119823 functional form linear here and probit here for notification and that's a bit tedious because BwqzME-Eq4u-00186-00119823-00120495 we know that probit model is roughly linear for a large part of the observations. So we BwqzME-Eq4u-00187-00120495-00121149 would rely on the ends of the distribution for identification and that's challenge. BwqzME-Eq4u-00188-00121149-00121920 In the status example we have two instruments. So we think that whether you're married whether BwqzME-Eq4u-00189-00121920-00122298 you have kids they affect whether you go to work or not. That's reasonable BwqzME-Eq4u-00190-00122298-00122895 and you're not supposed to - these are not supposed to affect how much wage you get. BwqzME-Eq4u-00191-00122895-00123611 In fact in many cases if you apply for a job you wouldn't tell the employer whether you're married BwqzME-Eq4u-00192-00123611-00124350 or how many kids you have and therefore there is no way that the wage that the employer offers you BwqzME-Eq4u-00193-00124350-00124863 would depend on marriage and children because that's not something that the employer would BwqzME-Eq4u-00194-00124863-00125313 know. And these are instruments because they are uncorrelated with the wage determinants. BwqzME-Eq4u-00195-00125313-00126123 So are these models useful? They are certainly widely used but there are some big caveats. BwqzME-Eq4u-00196-00126123-00126969 And these caveats are that the Heckman selection model is highly sensitive to the assumption that BwqzME-Eq4u-00197-00126969-00127674 the selection follows the probit model. So you saw that when we calculate the inverse Mills ratio we BwqzME-Eq4u-00198-00127674-00128364 use the normal density and the cumulative normal distribution for calculating the quantity if those BwqzME-Eq4u-00199-00128364-00128895 distributions actually don't characterize the selection process then the inverse Mills ratios BwqzME-Eq4u-00200-00128895-00129480 or the expected values of Zeta will be incorrect and the results will be widely misleading. BwqzME-Eq4u-00201-00129480-00130283 There is some research that shows that the Heckman models assumptions are actually BwqzME-Eq4u-00202-00130283-00130689 very important. If the assumptions don't hold then it might be better to BwqzME-Eq4u-00203-00130760-00131418 just estimate the selection equal estimate the main equation with other missing data BwqzME-Eq4u-00204-00131418-00131949 techniques that assume missing at random instead of trying these selection models. BwqzME-Eq4u-00205-00131949-00132486 Nevertheless these are very commonly used. People generally don't justify BwqzME-Eq4u-00206-00132486-00132963 the assumptions and as justifying the assumptions will be very difficult to BwqzME-Eq4u-00207-00132963-00133725 do based on theory because it is difficult to justify the functional form of things that we BwqzME-Eq4u-00208-00133725-00134583 don't observe. How do we justify that there's a strict cutoff for Y* that we don't observe BwqzME-Eq4u-00209-00134583-00135159 Y*? How do we justify the zero is normally distributed? We know we pretty much can't. BwqzME-Eq4u-00210-00135159-00135873 So because of that some methodology sources say that these should be used BwqzME-Eq4u-00211-00135873-00136737 more as a sensitivity analysis. So we could do a normal model with missing at random BwqzME-Eq4u-00212-00136737-00137244 techniques such as multiple imputation or maximum likelihood for missing data and BwqzME-Eq4u-00213-00137310-00137877 then do a selection model. Then compare the results and say that okay so the first set BwqzME-Eq4u-00214-00137877-00138687 of results shows there are estimated effects assuming the missing data mechanism is MAR BwqzME-Eq4u-00215-00138687-00139368 and the second set assuming that there is a normally distributed selection process. BwqzME-Eq4u-00216-00139368-00139827 We of course don't know if either of these assumptions are true but BwqzME-Eq4u-00217-00139827-00140310 that would give us some kind of ballpark estimates of where the effects might be. BwqzME-Eq4u-00218-00140310-00141126 So Heckman selection model while it's very useful conceptually there are some empirical BwqzME-Eq4u-00219-00141126-00141771 challenges that make it less useful than what it seems and that's one of BwqzME-Eq4u-00220-00141771-00142377 the reasons why for example Enders book takes rather a dim view on the selection models. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00000-00000000-00000971 Greetings. Salaam. This is Mohsen Banan. محسن بنان. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00001-00000972-00001255 I am a software and internet engineer. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00002-00001256-00001451 I have been interested in email and BzAdMvTzQ3y-00003-00001452-00001719 Emacs for a very long time. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00004-00001720-00002115 My interest in email started with X.400 BzAdMvTzQ3y-00005-00002116-00002759 and the Red and Blue CCITT books -- circa 1988. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00006-00002760-00003199 Early on, in the very early 1990s, I jumped ship BzAdMvTzQ3y-00007-00003200-00003527 and joined the Internet email movement. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00008-00003528-00003839 I am the primary author of two mobile email BzAdMvTzQ3y-00009-00003840-00004583 related Internet RFCs, RFC-2188 and RFC-2524. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00010-00004584-00004991 My interest in Emacs started in 1986 -- BzAdMvTzQ3y-00011-00004992-00005495 It was Emacs version 17 then. By around 1988 BzAdMvTzQ3y-00012-00005496-00005847 when Emacs version 18 was well in place, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00013-00005848-00006179 I started living inside of Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00014-00006180-00006647 My primary digital environment has been Emacs ever since. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00015-00006648-00007131 It has been a good life. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00016-00007131-00007699 It turns out that Emacs and email mix up really well. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00017-00007700-00008151 Here, in this presentation and in the context of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00018-00008152-00008679 Revisiting The Anatomy of Emacs Mail User Agents, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00019-00008680-00009031 With MARMEE (Multi-Account Resident BzAdMvTzQ3y-00020-00009032-00009339 Message Exchange Environment) BzAdMvTzQ3y-00021-00009340-00009555 I am offering my thoughts on this topic BzAdMvTzQ3y-00022-00009556-00010107 in this Emacs Conference 2022. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00023-00010108-00010335 Long ago, I asked myself: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00024-00010336-00010911 "What should my ultimate mail environment be?" BzAdMvTzQ3y-00025-00010912-00011214 Over the past 20+ years, I have been exploring BzAdMvTzQ3y-00026-00011214-00011851 the concept of the "Ultimate Mail User Agent (MUA)". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00027-00011852-00012143 We do care about privacy, autonomy, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00028-00012144-00012503 morality, ethics, society and philosophy, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00029-00012504-00013067 so from the get go, proprietary (Haraam) environments BzAdMvTzQ3y-00030-00013068-00013419 such as Microsoft Office's Outlook BzAdMvTzQ3y-00031-00013419-00014015 and Google Office's Gmail were non-starters for me. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00032-00014016-00014315 But these are significant realities BzAdMvTzQ3y-00033-00014316-00014787 and we need to deal with these realities. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00034-00014788-00015019 Notice how Microsoft and Google BzAdMvTzQ3y-00035-00015019-00015607 have both framed their MUAs in the context of "office". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00036-00015608-00015871 That type of framing is correct. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00037-00015872-00016171 an MUA must be fully integrated BzAdMvTzQ3y-00038-00016172-00016655 in the totality of one's digital ecosystem. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00039-00016656-00016975 So, the Ultimate Mail User Agent BzAdMvTzQ3y-00040-00016976-00017339 must be part of the Ultimate Usage Environment BzAdMvTzQ3y-00041-00017340-00017759 of the Ultimate Digital Ecosystem. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00042-00017760-00018279 In the non-proprietary (Halaal) universe, clearly BzAdMvTzQ3y-00043-00018280-00018719 the ultimate usage environment is Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00044-00018720-00019087 Emacs is today's most potent and convivial BzAdMvTzQ3y-00045-00019088-00019515 non-proprietary usage environment. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00046-00019516-00019939 So, clearly, the ultimate Mail User Agent BzAdMvTzQ3y-00047-00019940-00020287 must be an integral part of Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00048-00020288-00020415 Having reached that conclusion, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00049-00020415-00020812 we then need to determine the specifics BzAdMvTzQ3y-00050-00020812-00021359 of the shape and the anatomy of Emacs' MUAs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00051-00021360-00021603 We could have arrived at this conclusion BzAdMvTzQ3y-00052-00021604-00021823 from the reverse direction as well. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00053-00021824-00022159 Zawinski's Law states: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00054-00022160-00022647 Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00055-00022648-00022911 Those programs which cannot so expand BzAdMvTzQ3y-00056-00022912-00023267 are replaced by ones which can. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00057-00023268-00023671 Jamie's point is very simple and obvious. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00058-00023672-00023975 The "App" that you "live in" all day BzAdMvTzQ3y-00059-00023976-00024543 should be your MUA and mail environment. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00060-00024544-00024955 I ask those who jumped ship, who abandoned Emacs BzAdMvTzQ3y-00061-00024956-00025587 in favor of VS Code: What about mail? BzAdMvTzQ3y-00062-00025588-00026127 Long ago, Emacs expanded to including MUAs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00063-00026127-00026703 In fact there are many Emacs MUAs that you can choose from. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00064-00026704-00027059 If you are already hip with Emacs And Linux, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00065-00027060-00027463 you should definitely consider doing email in Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00066-00027464-00027907 But if you are not already hip with Emacs, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00067-00027908-00028335 I mean for new Emacs users, unfortunately, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00068-00028336-00028859 setting up and using email is not straight forward. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00069-00028860-00029451 We (I mean, Emacs developers) should work on that! BzAdMvTzQ3y-00070-00029452-00029735 Emacs offers a good number of MUAs with BzAdMvTzQ3y-00071-00029736-00030195 different characteristics to suit differing tastes. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00072-00030195-00030611 As of 2022, you can choose from the following MUAs: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00073-00030612-00031507 Gnus, VM, WanderLust, Mew, mu4e, notmuch.el, mh-e and Rmail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00074-00031508-00031771 Over the years I have tried several of these BzAdMvTzQ3y-00075-00031772-00032011 and eventually landed on Gnus. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00076-00032012-00032551 The relevance column in this table simply and only BzAdMvTzQ3y-00077-00032552-00032807 reflects my taste. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00078-00032808-00033239 Throughout the rest of this presentation, I focus on Gnus. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00079-00033240-00033619 I have 3 types of audiences in mind for this presentation. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00080-00033620-00033995 First, if you are already using Emacs BzAdMvTzQ3y-00081-00033996-00034243 as more than an editor, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00082-00034244-00034739 it makes good sense for you to also use Emacs as your MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00083-00034740-00035075 There may well be some relevant information here for you BzAdMvTzQ3y-00084-00035076-00035231 in that situation. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00085-00035232-00035759 Second, for those interested in philosophy of Emacs, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00086-00035760-00036075 I go on some bigger picture tangents BzAdMvTzQ3y-00087-00036076-00036283 that may be of value to you. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00088-00036284-00036883 Third, I address some Emacs developers with some feedback, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00089-00036884-00037131 some suggestions, and some requests. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00090-00037132-00037459 The general model here is that BzAdMvTzQ3y-00091-00037460-00037707 we would collectively work towards BzAdMvTzQ3y-00092-00037708-00037979 improving what is on the table. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00093-00037980-00038271 When a Mail User Agent is self-contained BzAdMvTzQ3y-00094-00038272-00038651 and includes implementation of mail protocols, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00095-00038652-00038907 we call it a Monolithic-MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00096-00038908-00039387 Just as it is with the physical mail postal service, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00097-00039388-00039691 sending mail and receiving mail BzAdMvTzQ3y-00098-00039692-00040063 are fundamentally separate activities. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00099-00040064-00040283 And then there is mail processing. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00100-00040284-00040595 Based on these categorizations, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00101-00040596-00040967 Emacs has a set of mature libraries BzAdMvTzQ3y-00102-00040968-00041335 for composing mail, sending mail, and receiving mail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00103-00041336-00041811 These are all independently well-documented BzAdMvTzQ3y-00104-00041812-00042247 and are part of the basic emacs Distribution. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00105-00042248-00042623 Emacs MUAs then use these common libraries BzAdMvTzQ3y-00106-00042624-00042951 to process mail (each somewhat differently). BzAdMvTzQ3y-00107-00042952-00043539 The primary benefit of the Monolithic-MUA approach BzAdMvTzQ3y-00108-00043540-00043959 is that Emacs MUAs then become self-contained BzAdMvTzQ3y-00109-00043960-00044295 and therefore multi-platform. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00110-00044296-00044555 But, when it comes to the question of merits of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00111-00044556-00045055 implementation of mail protocols in Elisp inside of Emacs, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00112-00045056-00045395 there is also another approach: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00113-00045396-00045615 that of a Split-MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00114-00045616-00046055 Concept of a split-MUA is that of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00115-00046056-00046495 splitting the MUA into two different parts: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00116-00046496-00046715 One being the usage environment, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00117-00046716-00047031 and the other being mail protocols processing. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00118-00047032-00047471 The interface between these can be either BzAdMvTzQ3y-00119-00047472-00047783 direct (the upper box) BzAdMvTzQ3y-00120-00047784-00048027 or through protocols (the lower box). BzAdMvTzQ3y-00121-00048028-00048515 With Gnus, we primarily use the direct interface. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00122-00048516-00048963 The split-MUA model has many advantages BzAdMvTzQ3y-00123-00048964-00049259 over the monolithic-MUA model. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00124-00049260-00049727 With Split-MUAs, your messages are local, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00125-00049728-00049983 you can search them privately BzAdMvTzQ3y-00126-00049984-00050231 and access to your email is faster. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00127-00050232-00050811 Gnus can be used as both a Monolithic-MUA BzAdMvTzQ3y-00128-00050812-00051059 and also as a Split-MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00129-00051060-00051539 Gnus and other Emacs MUAs are flexible enough BzAdMvTzQ3y-00130-00051540-00051911 to allow you to create your own split-MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00131-00051912-00052251 For outgoing mail, Gnus can BzAdMvTzQ3y-00132-00052252-00052511 invoke a sendmail-like interface program. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00133-00052512-00053000 For incoming mail, Gnus can access Maildirs directly BzAdMvTzQ3y-00134-00053000-00053372 and let other programs imap-retrieve BzAdMvTzQ3y-00135-00053372-00053643 and update into maildirs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00136-00053644-00053971 You can then search through your maildirs BzAdMvTzQ3y-00137-00053972-00054137 locally and privately BzAdMvTzQ3y-00138-00054137-00054455 with various mail-oriented search engines, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00139-00054455-00054731 and many have done so. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00140-00054732-00055139 For example, what we are seeing on this slide BzAdMvTzQ3y-00141-00055140-00055587 is from a 2014 Do It Yourself (DIY) recipe BzAdMvTzQ3y-00142-00055588-00056031 that one of our fellow Emacs conference participants, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00143-00056032-00056487 Adolfo, had published at the mentioned URL. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00144-00056488-00056971 The recipe in that slide is based on the following tools: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00145-00056972-00057507 mbsync, mu, mu4e, and msmtp. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00146-00057508-00057827 All our choices are different. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00147-00057828-00058239 There are many such recipes out there on the web. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00148-00058240-00058619 So, here, I don't want to provide BzAdMvTzQ3y-00149-00058620-00059043 yet another Emacs Split-MUA recipe. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00150-00059044-00059155 I want to do more. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00151-00059155-00059667 Instead, I want to target the contours of the ultimate MUA BzAdMvTzQ3y-00152-00059667-00060131 in the non-proprietary universe of digital ecosystems. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00153-00060132-00060543 But, first, let's take a look at what is BzAdMvTzQ3y-00154-00060544-00060747 happening in the proprietary universe. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00155-00060748-00061143 The 5 big American proprietary tech companies BzAdMvTzQ3y-00156-00061144-00061439 (Google, Microsoft, Apple, Facebook and Amazon) BzAdMvTzQ3y-00157-00061440-00062043 have created 5 competing enclaves as mostly separate BzAdMvTzQ3y-00158-00062044-00062299 and isolated digital ecosystem. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00159-00062300-00062783 In this slide, I am focusing on the first 3 BzAdMvTzQ3y-00160-00062784-00063143 and each of their office and email environments. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00161-00063144-00063631 Let's clearly recognize that the economic model BzAdMvTzQ3y-00162-00063632-00064015 of these proprietary digital ecosystems is: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00163-00064016-00064215 "Surveillance Capitalism". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00164-00064216-00064579 So, when any of us goes there to get BzAdMvTzQ3y-00165-00064579-00064795 a free-of-charge email account, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00166-00064796-00065303 he has chosen to voluntarily forgo much of his privacy. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00167-00065304-00065579 And many have done so. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00168-00065580-00065991 Sadly, the rest of the world is becoming BzAdMvTzQ3y-00169-00065992-00066271 Americanized through the American Internet. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00170-00066272-00066843 As of 2022, almost %90 of Facebook's BzAdMvTzQ3y-00171-00066844-00067195 daily active users come from outside of the US. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00172-00067196-00067715 Also, with respect to email, each of the enclaves BzAdMvTzQ3y-00173-00067716-00068003 have MUAs that are fully integrated BzAdMvTzQ3y-00174-00068004-00068243 in their digital ecosystems BzAdMvTzQ3y-00175-00068244-00068459 in the form of an office environment BzAdMvTzQ3y-00176-00068460-00068983 comprising of address book, calendar, time management BzAdMvTzQ3y-00177-00068984-00069319 and planning tools and multi-lingual authoring BzAdMvTzQ3y-00178-00069320-00069623 and various other integrated tools. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00179-00069624-00070083 Now, let's focus on the right side of this picture. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00180-00070084-00070351 On the non-proprietary side, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00181-00070352-00070623 based on the Western FLOSS model, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00182-00070624-00070947 we have ended up with lots of components. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00183-00070948-00071223 We have Debian as a platform, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00184-00071224-00071891 we have Emacs as an editor-centered office environment BzAdMvTzQ3y-00185-00071892-00072343 and we have Gnus as an incredibly powerful MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00186-00072344-00072783 But on the non-proprietary side we don't have anything BzAdMvTzQ3y-00187-00072784-00073207 that can reasonably be considered a digital ecosystem. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00188-00073208-00073643 I mean, the services aspect is missing. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00189-00073644-00074079 Over the past two decades I have created BzAdMvTzQ3y-00190-00074080-00074439 quite an elaborate digital ecosystem for myself. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00191-00074440-00074675 It is called: By*. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00192-00074676-00075083 The Libre-Halaal ByStar Digital Ecosystem BzAdMvTzQ3y-00193-00075084-00075543 is being built to provide autonomy-oriented services BzAdMvTzQ3y-00194-00075544-00075735 on internet scale. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00195-00075736-00076291 The * in ByStar stands for Unix's globbing symbol, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00196-00076292-00076691 signifying that our scope is everything. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00197-00076692-00077203 Notice in this bigger picture that in the red box, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00198-00077204-00077843 our focus remains to be Emacs, Gnus and the ultimate MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00199-00077844-00078343 I am not here to sell you ByStar, but perhaps BzAdMvTzQ3y-00200-00078344-00078623 you should be in the market for something like that. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00201-00078624-00079087 We need non-proprietary digital ecosystems. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00202-00079088-00079335 Very briefly, I'll give you BzAdMvTzQ3y-00203-00079336-00079631 some pointers to the full ByStar story. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00204-00079632-00080323 The full ByStar story is a 250 plus pages book titled: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00205-00080324-00080607 Nature Of Polyexistentials, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00206-00080608-00080839 Basis For Abolishment Of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00207-00080840-00081131 The Western Intellectual Property Rights Regime, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00208-00081132-00081347 And Introduction Of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00209-00081348-00081635 The Libre-Halaal ByStar Digital Ecosystem. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00210-00081636-00082203 I have it self-published on my own ByName public web page. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00211-00082204-00082663 The ByStar story starts with understanding of the BzAdMvTzQ3y-00212-00082664-00082895 Nature Of Polyexistentials. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00213-00082896-00083383 Polyexistentials inherently exist in multiples. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00214-00083384-00083695 Software is a polyexistential. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00215-00083696-00084191 Polyexistentials are naturally non-scarce, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00216-00084192-00084627 and making polyexistential artificially scarce, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00217-00084628-00084859 which is what the Western BzAdMvTzQ3y-00218-00084860-00085111 intellectual property rights regime does, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00219-00085112-00085359 is counter to nature. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00220-00085360-00085763 Polyexistentials are unownable BzAdMvTzQ3y-00221-00085764-00086003 and should not be considered property. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00222-00086004-00086507 The Western IPR regime is in conflict with nature. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00223-00086508-00086903 But, the book is more than just philosophy. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00224-00086904-00087235 In that book I also cover BzAdMvTzQ3y-00225-00087236-00087579 the bigger picture of healthy digital ecosystems BzAdMvTzQ3y-00226-00087580-00087935 which also includes the topic of this presentation. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00227-00087936-00088339 I'd be interested in your thoughts and your feedback, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00228-00088340-00088567 if you choose to dig deeper. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00229-00088568-00089099 And if you want to dig deeper, here are some links. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00230-00089100-00089507 By* is about re-decentralization BzAdMvTzQ3y-00231-00089508-00089715 of Internet application services. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00232-00089716-00090075 Among other things, ByStar provides BzAdMvTzQ3y-00233-00090076-00090515 complete own-your-email services. I mean, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00234-00090516-00091031 private Hillary-Clinton-Style mail servers for everyone. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00235-00091032-00091651 There is an overview of ByStar at by-star.net. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00236-00091652-00092119 You may have noticed that I consistently use BzAdMvTzQ3y-00237-00092120-00092547 the "Libre-Halaal" label with ByStar. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00238-00092548-00092891 Halaal is a very sensitive word. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00239-00092892-00093071 I am a Moslem. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00240-00093072-00093591 But my use of Halaal is not in a religious context. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00241-00093592-00093907 It is in a philosphical context. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00242-00093908-00094275 And the scope of the "Libre-Halaal" label BzAdMvTzQ3y-00243-00094276-00094643 is manner-of-existence of Software and Services. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00244-00094644-00095059 It is not about Halaal-ness with respect to BzAdMvTzQ3y-00245-00095060-00095495 function and use of Software and Services. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00246-00095496-00095823 Unfortunately, the word Halaal BzAdMvTzQ3y-00247-00095824-00096231 and the concept of Halaal does not exist in English. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00248-00096232-00096675 So, first I introduce it into Globish. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00249-00096676-00097279 I have done so in PLPC-120039. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00250-00097280-00097819 Further, I explain as to why labels BzAdMvTzQ3y-00251-00097820-00098263 of Open Source and Free Software are both ill-directed. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00252-00098264-00098583 We then carefully define BzAdMvTzQ3y-00253-00098584-00098999 "Libre-Halaal Software" and "Libre-Halaal Services". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00254-00099000-00099391 Notice that last link. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00255-00099392-00099619 I bet, this is the first time BzAdMvTzQ3y-00256-00099620-00100067 that anyone includes a link to his "Open Business Plan" BzAdMvTzQ3y-00257-00100068-00100315 in an Emacs Conference. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00258-00100316-00100655 I hope others would do this as well. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00259-00100656-00100967 There is appetite out there BzAdMvTzQ3y-00260-00100968-00101363 for privacy- and autonomy-oriented digital ecosystems, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00261-00101364-00101775 and there is no conflict between honest business, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00262-00101776-00102103 honest profit, and Libre-Halaal Software BzAdMvTzQ3y-00263-00102104-00102291 and Libre-Halaal Services. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00264-00102292-00102803 The sub-title of our open business plan is: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00265-00102804-00103287 "An Inversion to the Proprietary Internet Services Model". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00266-00103288-00104087 And here are the same links as a native Reveal slide. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00267-00104088-00104467 If instead of a video, you are viewing BzAdMvTzQ3y-00268-00104468-00104739 this presentation as a Reveal web page, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00269-00104740-00105131 you can just click on the pointers and URLs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00270-00105132-00105687 So, what was the point of bringing ByStar BzAdMvTzQ3y-00271-00105688-00105811 into this presentation? BzAdMvTzQ3y-00272-00105811-00106231 In tangible terms, what have we gotten out of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00273-00106232-00106563 the tangent we took on the ByStar bigger picture? BzAdMvTzQ3y-00274-00106564-00107083 Of course we have the ByStar Digital Ecosystem itself. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00275-00107083-00107487 But that is not immediately relevant to this presentation. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00276-00107488-00107995 Here, through BISOS we now have BzAdMvTzQ3y-00277-00107996-00108435 an integration framework, which we definitely needed. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00278-00108435-00108787 We now have BISOS-MARMEE, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00279-00108788-00109151 Multi-Account Resident Mail Exchange Environment, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00280-00109152-00109367 which is a consistent set BzAdMvTzQ3y-00281-00109368-00109763 of MUA-related software components --- which we need. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00282-00109764-00110315 We also needed to augment Emacs in our own terms, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00283-00110316-00110591 so we have Blee for that, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00284-00110592-00110995 ByStar Libre-Halaal Emacs Environment, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00285-00110996-00111291 is ByStar ecosystemized Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00286-00111292-00111767 And finally Blee-Gnus, which is BzAdMvTzQ3y-00287-00111768-00112063 Gnus and MARMEE integrated with Blee. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00288-00112064-00112647 With these in place, we can now dive deeper into MARMEE. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00289-00112648-00113311 The idea of MARMEE, is that of packaging together BzAdMvTzQ3y-00290-00113311-00113607 the mail protocols parts of the Split-MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00291-00113608-00114079 MARMEE (which is of course in the context of BISOS) BzAdMvTzQ3y-00292-00114080-00114367 is the green box in this slide. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00293-00114368-00114851 For outgoing mail, we use an altered qmail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00294-00114852-00115267 We will be looking deeper into qmail a bit later. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00295-00115268-00115755 For incoming mail, we are using offlineimap BzAdMvTzQ3y-00296-00115756-00116011 which is oauth2 aware. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00297-00116011-00116343 Before going into more details, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00298-00116344-00116651 let's take a look at the parts lists for BzAdMvTzQ3y-00299-00116652-00116935 BISOS-MARMEE and Blee-Gnus. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00300-00116935-00117371 MARMEE is a collection of Python-based libraries BzAdMvTzQ3y-00301-00117372-00117747 and Debian packages that provide for rich sending BzAdMvTzQ3y-00302-00117748-00118027 and receiving of email outside of Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00303-00118028-00118423 Here is our BISOS-MARMEE parts list. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00304-00118424-00118859 MARMEE features include tracked mail Sending BzAdMvTzQ3y-00305-00118859-00119191 for confirmed mail communications BzAdMvTzQ3y-00306-00119192-00119459 and email distribution facilities BzAdMvTzQ3y-00307-00119459-00119755 (say, similar to Constant Contact). BzAdMvTzQ3y-00308-00119756-00120207 For Delivery Status Notification (DSN), BzAdMvTzQ3y-00309-00120208-00120603 we have adopted flufl.bounce. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00310-00120604-00121087 I'll be touching on everything that is qmail-related, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00311-00121088-00121731 namely qmail-remote.cs and mailfront, in a separate slide. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00312-00121732-00122175 notmuch is our choice of mail search engine. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00313-00122176-00122731 Similarly, here is our Blee-Gnus Parts List. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00314-00122732-00123343 Blee-Gnus is Gnus and MARMEE integrated with BISOS and Blee. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00315-00123344-00123859 Notice mentions of org-msg and polymode here. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00316-00123859-00124287 Later, I'll expand on these in the context of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00317-00124288-00124767 transitioning from Message-Mode to Message-Polymode. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00318-00124768-00125219 With these parts in place, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00319-00125220-00125527 now let's see how they will all come together. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00320-00125528-00125999 Gnus is very flexible, and in combination with MARMEE, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00321-00126000-00126363 it can create an incredibly powerful MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00322-00126364-00126727 On this slide, note the boxes BzAdMvTzQ3y-00323-00126728-00127031 that include the FPs label. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00324-00127032-00127483 FP stand for File Parameters. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00325-00127483-00127851 It is the basis of BISOS's configuration BzAdMvTzQ3y-00326-00127852-00128003 and secrets management. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00327-00128004-00128431 Notice that it has consistent agents BzAdMvTzQ3y-00328-00128432-00128783 inside of Emacs and on the OS. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00329-00128783-00128991 This is a big deal BzAdMvTzQ3y-00330-00128992-00129471 in that it can reduce user visible configuration complexity. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00331-00129472-00129975 Also, notice the X822-Bus here. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00332-00129976-00130399 The idea of X822-Bus is that of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00333-00130400-00130983 allowing for communication among user's preferences, Gnus BzAdMvTzQ3y-00334-00130983-00131359 and MARMEE-qmail through addition of X- fields BzAdMvTzQ3y-00335-00131360-00131795 in RFC-822 message headers. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00336-00131796-00132359 X822-Bus is used for selection of mail sending agents BzAdMvTzQ3y-00337-00132360-00132883 and specification of delivery status parameters. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00338-00132884-00133227 Of key significance in this picture BzAdMvTzQ3y-00339-00133228-00133547 is our choice of qmail for outgoing mail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00340-00133548-00134251 Compared to sendmail, postfix, exim, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00341-00134252-00134539 and other conventional MTAs; BzAdMvTzQ3y-00342-00134540-00135171 the qmail ecosystem is far more flexible and potent. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00343-00135172-00135459 We are not using qmail as is. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00344-00135460-00135799 Ours is called bystar-qmail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00345-00135800-00136179 When we use it as a traditional MTA, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00346-00136180-00136543 we refer to it as PALS-qmail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00347-00136544-00137259 And when we use it on the MUA side, we call it MARMEE-qmail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00348-00137260-00137659 Just like Emacs, qmail has BzAdMvTzQ3y-00349-00137660-00137995 a solid core and a flexible periphery. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00350-00137996-00138447 All our alterations have been on the periphery. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00351-00138448-00138789 We have replaced qmail-remote BzAdMvTzQ3y-00352-00138789-00139447 with our own Python implementation called qmail-remote.cs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00353-00139448-00140091 By being in Python, it can do a lot more a lot more easily. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00354-00140092-00140654 For example, qmail-remote.cs interacts with BzAdMvTzQ3y-00355-00140654-00141307 Google Oauth2 APIs and allows you to send through Gmail. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00356-00141308-00141639 This is shown with the red circle. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00357-00141640-00142363 We have also replaced qmail-smtpd with mailfront, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00358-00142364-00142615 shown with a blue circle. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00359-00142616-00143135 This allows us to use MARMEE Split-MUA BzAdMvTzQ3y-00360-00143136-00143399 through protocol interfaces. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00361-00143400-00143655 Let's take a look at that. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00362-00143656-00144271 Previously we looked at the "Direct Interface" of MARMEE, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00363-00144272-00144847 specifically, qmail-inject and Maildir for Gnus. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00364-00144848-00145147 But what if we wanted to use BzAdMvTzQ3y-00365-00145148-00145515 MARMEE with other MUAs outside of Emacs? BzAdMvTzQ3y-00366-00145516-00145879 That can be done through the "Protocol Interface". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00367-00145880-00146203 MARMEE also includes "mailfront" BzAdMvTzQ3y-00368-00146204-00146743 which can function as an SMTP submit server for localhost. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00369-00146744-00147059 This way, we can configure BzAdMvTzQ3y-00370-00147060-00147623 the outgoing mail part of any MUA to point to the localhost BzAdMvTzQ3y-00371-00147624-00148139 and have MARMEE-qmail function as an outgoing proxy. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00372-00148140-00148791 For incoming mail, MARMEE-Split-MUA-Protocol-Interface BzAdMvTzQ3y-00373-00148792-00149135 includes "Courier", which can function BzAdMvTzQ3y-00374-00149136-00149407 as an IMAP server for localhost. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00375-00149408-00149851 This way, we can configure the incoming mail part BzAdMvTzQ3y-00376-00149852-00150231 of any MUA to point to the localhost BzAdMvTzQ3y-00377-00150232-00150651 and have MARMEE function as an incoming proxy BzAdMvTzQ3y-00378-00150652-00151075 by serving the local Maildir to the MUA. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00379-00151076-00151807 All sources for all of ByStar, BISOS, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00380-00151808-00152343 Blee and MARMEE are subject to Affero GPL. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00381-00152344-00152831 The sources and documentation are all republished BzAdMvTzQ3y-00382-00152832-00153055 under various "Organizations" BzAdMvTzQ3y-00383-00153056-00153543 under github.com/mohsenBanan BzAdMvTzQ3y-00384-00153544-00154067 All of ByStar, BISOS, Blee and MARMEE BzAdMvTzQ3y-00385-00154068-00154283 reflect work in progress, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00386-00154284-00154631 and we are NOT recruiting users at this time. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00387-00154632-00154927 For more than two decades, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00388-00154928-00155315 I have been using these all in that bigger context. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00389-00155316-00155623 They are mostly real, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00390-00155624-00156139 but so far, just for myself and a few other engineers. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00391-00156140-00156651 Our model is similar to God's early days. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00392-00156652-00156831 You may ask: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00393-00156832-00157211 "How did God create all of this in just 7 days?" BzAdMvTzQ3y-00394-00157212-00157719 Well, easy, He did not have an installed base to deal with. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00395-00157720-00158451 You can obtain and install MARMEE in two ways. As is: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00396-00158452-00158943 as standalone-MARMEE, you can just BzAdMvTzQ3y-00397-00158944-00159191 pip install bisos.marmee. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00398-00159192-00159587 For the Gnus part you are completely on your own. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00399-00159588-00160027 Or on a Debian-11, you can just run BzAdMvTzQ3y-00400-00160028-00160339 the bisos bootstrap script. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00401-00160340-00160835 That way you will have all of BISOS, which includes MARMEE BzAdMvTzQ3y-00402-00160836-00161215 and you will have Blee, which includes Blee-Gnus. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00403-00161216-00161471 If you plan to do so, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00404-00161472-00161883 I suggest that you first try it in a disposable VM. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00405-00161884-00162215 BISOS and Blee are large. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00406-00162216-00162635 Many apt and pip packages will be installed! BzAdMvTzQ3y-00407-00162636-00163183 And here are the same links as a native Reveal slide. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00408-00163184-00163751 If you are viewing this presentation as Reveal.js web page, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00409-00163752-00164047 you can just click on the pointers and URLs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00410-00164048-00164535 Let's consider MARMEE as an Emacs "Common Agent". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00411-00164536-00164891 By "Common-Agent" I mean a capability BzAdMvTzQ3y-00412-00164892-00165095 which Emacs builds on BzAdMvTzQ3y-00413-00165096-00165375 and which other Apps can also use. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00414-00165376-00165847 Emacs has a very rich applications development framework BzAdMvTzQ3y-00415-00165848-00166111 for absorbing common-agents. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00416-00166112-00166547 Consider how magit has absorbed git, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00417-00166547-00166977 or how flycheck has absorbed mypy BzAdMvTzQ3y-00418-00166977-00167419 or how EAF does its work outside of Emacs --- BzAdMvTzQ3y-00419-00167420-00167791 that too can be considered a common-agent. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00420-00167792-00168203 The common-agent model permits us BzAdMvTzQ3y-00421-00168204-00168459 to do more outside of Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00422-00168460-00168863 Common-agents maximize social benefits BzAdMvTzQ3y-00423-00168864-00169055 and are more convivial. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00424-00169056-00169547 For example, any MUA can profit from MARMEE. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00425-00169548-00169843 But we don't have good ways of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00426-00169844-00170139 packaging Emacs and its packages BzAdMvTzQ3y-00427-00170140-00170363 with their common-agents. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00428-00170364-00170835 Instead, we usually end up with DIY recipes. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00429-00170836-00171247 This is why I am contextualizing BzAdMvTzQ3y-00430-00171248-00171543 Emacs inside of Blee and BISOS. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00431-00171544-00171799 That is what they are for. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00432-00171800-00172042 And that is why I consider them BzAdMvTzQ3y-00433-00172042-00172319 immediately relevant to this presentation. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00434-00172320-00172771 With an incredibly powerful Display Engine, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00435-00172772-00173127 and an incredibly powerful Elisp Engine, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00436-00173128-00173503 and an incredibly powerful Input Methods Engine, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00437-00173504-00173955 and an incredibly powerful Common-Agents paradigm, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00438-00173956-00174270 Emacs has the potential of being BzAdMvTzQ3y-00439-00174270-00174640 any non-proprietary digital ecosystem's BzAdMvTzQ3y-00440-00174640-00174887 preferred usage environment. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00441-00174888-00175409 I am in favor of putting more around Emacs BzAdMvTzQ3y-00442-00175409-00175744 and strengthening integration of Emacs BzAdMvTzQ3y-00443-00175744-00175971 with Debian, explicitly, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00444-00175972-00176283 perhaps even at the cost of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00445-00176284-00176659 de-emphasizing its multi-platform attribute. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00446-00176660-00177031 A smaller Emacs is a better Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00447-00177032-00177371 Notice that in this slide, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00448-00177372-00177727 I have used many arrows in many colors. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00449-00177728-00178559 Much of Emacs's power comes from its ability BzAdMvTzQ3y-00450-00178560-00178775 to absorb and to integrate. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00451-00178776-00179191 Tomohiro is right on the mark when he says, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00452-00179192-00179535 "The reason why Emacs platform is good BzAdMvTzQ3y-00453-00179536-00179811 is that it cooperates with OS, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00454-00179812-00180091 not because it is good by itself." BzAdMvTzQ3y-00455-00180092-00180399 I am suggesting that we should BzAdMvTzQ3y-00456-00180400-00180651 raise the bar from the OS BzAdMvTzQ3y-00457-00180652-00180983 to the entirety of our digital ecosystem. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00458-00180984-00181303 There are many models BzAdMvTzQ3y-00459-00181304-00181583 for Emacs to cooperate with the OS BzAdMvTzQ3y-00460-00181584-00181931 and with applications and with services. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00461-00181932-00182543 The colors of arrows in the previous slide correspond to BzAdMvTzQ3y-00462-00182544-00182887 the model of interface of the common-agent: BzAdMvTzQ3y-00463-00182888-00183399 for example, sub-process invocation, pipe-based BzAdMvTzQ3y-00464-00183400-00183935 asynchronous interface, or file-based interactions. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00465-00183936-00184475 One important aspect of common-agent paradigm is that BzAdMvTzQ3y-00466-00184476-00185039 both the common-agent and its Emacs App BzAdMvTzQ3y-00467-00185040-00185303 need to be configured consistently. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00468-00185304-00185795 In MARMEE and Blee-Gnus, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00469-00185796-00186191 we use File-Params to accomplish this. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00470-00186192-00186695 In BISOS, there is a Python interface to File-Params, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00471-00186696-00187023 there is a Bash interface to File-Params, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00472-00187024-00187571 and in Blee, there is an Elisp interface to File-Params. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00473-00187572-00187891 So, configurations are extended. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00474-00187892-00188327 Furthermore, File-Params can be encrypted, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00475-00188328-00188695 and credentials can be protected and shared. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00476-00188696-00189391 This is a significant improvement over .authinfo BzAdMvTzQ3y-00477-00189392-00189695 and its more recent incarnations. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00478-00189696-00190119 EmacsConf could be a great place BzAdMvTzQ3y-00479-00190120-00190437 for users to provide feedback to developers BzAdMvTzQ3y-00480-00190437-00190787 and for developers to suggest to developers. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00481-00190788-00191275 In that spirit, my primary audience in this part BzAdMvTzQ3y-00482-00191276-00191483 are fellow Emacs developers. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00483-00191484-00192003 BISOS-MARMEE and Blee-Gnus are starting points. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00484-00192004-00192243 We can collectively work BzAdMvTzQ3y-00485-00192244-00192467 towards improving what is in place. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00486-00192468-00192791 Some such improvements involve BzAdMvTzQ3y-00487-00192792-00193191 collaboration among various Emacs developers. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00488-00193192-00193659 Here, I am making some explicit requests BzAdMvTzQ3y-00489-00193660-00193955 from some of the relevant emacs developers. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00490-00193956-00194415 At most, these are requests and invitations. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00491-00194416-00194851 For each of these requests, I am providing links BzAdMvTzQ3y-00492-00194852-00195011 for additional details. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00493-00195012-00195303 In due course, I'll follow up BzAdMvTzQ3y-00494-00195304-00195527 in the Emacs developers mailing list. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00495-00195528-00196187 Gnus uses X-Message-SMTP-Method BzAdMvTzQ3y-00496-00196188-00196511 for selection of Mail-Sending-Agent. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00497-00196512-00197051 Even though all the qmail injection code is still in Gnus, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00498-00197052-00197827 support for "X-Message-SMTP-Method: qmail" is missing. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00499-00197828-00198275 It takes 2 lines of code to revive it. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00500-00198276-00198739 With regards to (1), qmail was previously supported in Gnus. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00501-00198740-00199131 Lars, can you please reactivate it? Thanks. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00502-00199132-00199643 (2) is a terminology suggestion. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00503-00199644-00200155 The term X-Message-SMTP-Method violates conceptual layering. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00504-00200156-00200707 Please consider changing it to X-Message-Send-Method. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00505-00200708-00201371 In a Split-MUA setup, Gnus need not know about SMTP at all. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00506-00201372-00201659 We just need to pass information BzAdMvTzQ3y-00507-00201660-00201931 to a Mail-Sending-Agent selector. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00508-00201932-00202443 (3) is simply a design suggestion for BzAdMvTzQ3y-00509-00202444-00202675 which I prepared the context. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00510-00202676-00203183 .authinfo and Emacs auth-source library BzAdMvTzQ3y-00511-00203184-00203419 are too Emacs-centric. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00512-00203420-00203783 We need to share config info and secrets BzAdMvTzQ3y-00513-00203784-00204079 between common-agents and Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00514-00204080-00204363 The File Parameters approach BzAdMvTzQ3y-00515-00204364-00204579 can be a general-purpose solution. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00516-00204580-00205083 Is it reasonable to extend auth-source library to BzAdMvTzQ3y-00517-00205084-00205271 support File Params? BzAdMvTzQ3y-00518-00205271-00205651 I'll cover (4) in the next slide. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00519-00205652-00206115 (5) is a philosophical common suggestion BzAdMvTzQ3y-00520-00206116-00206643 to all Emacs developers. We need to better cultivate BzAdMvTzQ3y-00521-00206644-00207087 the model of Common-Agents integration with Emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00522-00207088-00207959 And here are the same links as a native Reveal slide. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00523-00207960-00208279 A mail message comprises of BzAdMvTzQ3y-00524-00208280-00208559 Envelope, Header and BodyParts. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00525-00208560-00208943 Each of these have their own syntax (their own mode). BzAdMvTzQ3y-00526-00208944-00209363 Conceivably Each BodyPart has its own mode. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00527-00209364-00209943 So, we need to evolve Message-Mode into Message-Polymode. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00528-00209944-00210371 More or less by default, org-mode has become BzAdMvTzQ3y-00529-00210371-00210899 the beginnings of "Emacs Native Markup Language -- ENML". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00530-00210900-00211439 With org-msg you can write your emails in org-mode --- BzAdMvTzQ3y-00531-00211440-00211655 destined as html. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00532-00211656-00211955 org-msg needs to become BzAdMvTzQ3y-00533-00211956-00212223 an integral part of Message-Polymode. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00534-00212223-00212511 It would be heavenly BzAdMvTzQ3y-00535-00212512-00212995 if Lars, Jérémy and Vitalie could collaborate BzAdMvTzQ3y-00536-00212996-00213407 and give us the needed Message-Polymode. Thank you. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00537-00213408-00213811 One way to verify that we have not gone astray BzAdMvTzQ3y-00538-00213812-00214275 in our horizontal bigger pictures is to verify them BzAdMvTzQ3y-00539-00214276-00214691 through the concept of "Vertical Slice Use Cases". BzAdMvTzQ3y-00540-00214692-00215079 Let one use case be reading and writing BzAdMvTzQ3y-00541-00215080-00215463 of mail on multiple gmail accounts with Gnus. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00542-00215464-00215931 Google now requires use of oauth2 tokens BzAdMvTzQ3y-00543-00215932-00216243 which MARMEE can do outside of emacs. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00544-00216244-00216567 There is a recent email thread BzAdMvTzQ3y-00545-00216567-00216911 on that in the emacs-devel mailing list. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00546-00216912-00217427 Let another use case be that of tracking delivery BzAdMvTzQ3y-00547-00217428-00217867 and non-delivery reports for custom envelope addresses BzAdMvTzQ3y-00548-00217867-00218603 of byname.net (part of ByStar) autonomous mail services. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00549-00218604-00219031 I would have loved to walk you through these BzAdMvTzQ3y-00550-00219032-00219295 vertical slice use cases BzAdMvTzQ3y-00551-00219296-00219643 as screen captures of my Blee environment. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00552-00219644-00220063 For that, I need at least another 20 minutes. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00553-00220064-00220307 But my time is up. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00554-00220308-00220671 So, let's consider this as the first BzAdMvTzQ3y-00555-00220671-00220891 in a series of presentations BzAdMvTzQ3y-00556-00220892-00221179 where next in this series could be BzAdMvTzQ3y-00557-00221180-00221547 the mentioned two vertical slice use cases. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00558-00221548-00221927 Perhaps there could be another presentation BzAdMvTzQ3y-00559-00221928-00222287 on this topic in EmacsConf 2023. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00560-00222288-00222675 This document was produced entirely with BzAdMvTzQ3y-00561-00222676-00223079 Libre-Halaal Software, and is published using BzAdMvTzQ3y-00562-00223080-00223307 Libre-Halaal Internet Services. BzAdMvTzQ3y-00563-00223308-00223795 I want to thank all the EmacsConf Organizers BzAdMvTzQ3y-00564-00223796-00223951 for their great work, BzAdMvTzQ3y-00565-00223952-00225096 and Sacha, Leo, and Amin in particular. BB8X_quXJ9A-00000-00002304-00002404 Trio Vocal BEqumfdD3r4-00000-00000000-00000339 Today we celebrate Dasha's birthday with the Challenge: BEqumfdD3r4-00001-00000339-00000600 Dog vs 1000 colored balloons! BEqumfdD3r4-00002-00000640-00000816 Let's start the party! BEqumfdD3r4-00003-00000816-00001040 Hi guys! I am Dasha. BEqumfdD3r4-00004-00001040-00001164 And this is… BEqumfdD3r4-00005-00001164-00001316 ¡Anima Dogs! BEqumfdD3r4-00006-00001351-00001527 Level 1 BEqumfdD3r4-00007-00001967-00002039 Slowly BEqumfdD3r4-00008-00002176-00002416 Dasha was amazed with the surprise haha BEqumfdD3r4-00009-00002612-00002796 Have you seen how cool darling? BEqumfdD3r4-00010-00002967-00003151 Very well! BEqumfdD3r4-00011-00003232-00003447 Level 2 BEqumfdD3r4-00012-00004039-00004184 Look how happy! BEqumfdD3r4-00013-00004184-00004360 It seems that he is good at the challenge. BEqumfdD3r4-00014-00004635-00004979 Very well! Very well! BEqumfdD3r4-00015-00005047-00005260 Level 3 BEqumfdD3r4-00016-00006092-00006296 This level sees it more difficult. BEqumfdD3r4-00017-00006296-00006500 Dasha does not see very clear where to go haha BEqumfdD3r4-00018-00007128-00007392 Very well! Ha ha BEqumfdD3r4-00019-00007456-00007671 Level 4 BEqumfdD3r4-00020-00008459-00008551 Easy... BEqumfdD3r4-00021-00009035-00009179 What confidence! BEqumfdD3r4-00022-00009528-00009807 Very well! Ha ha BEqumfdD3r4-00023-00009807-00010087 In this last level I will hide a gift from Dasha. BEqumfdD3r4-00024-00010087-00010131 Will he be able to find it with so much balloon? BEqumfdD3r4-00025-00010131-00010328 Will he be able to find it with so much balloon? Level 5 BEqumfdD3r4-00026-00011287-00011584 This time Dasha will not have it easy to pass haha BEqumfdD3r4-00027-00013659-00013880 You are right next to the gift and you don't see it! BEqumfdD3r4-00028-00014415-00014636 Now yes! Found gift. BEqumfdD3r4-00029-00014908-00015063 But give me Dasha haha BEqumfdD3r4-00030-00015103-00015271 That I open it to you haha BEqumfdD3r4-00031-00015424-00015531 Dasha haha BEqumfdD3r4-00032-00015531-00015652 LOL BEqumfdD3r4-00033-00015691-00015859 Dasha haha BEqumfdD3r4-00034-00015996-00016243 Dasha! That I open it to you hahaha BEqumfdD3r4-00035-00016943-00017075 Dasha haha BEqumfdD3r4-00036-00017203-00017300 Quiet! Feel! BEqumfdD3r4-00037-00017300-00017408 Feel! BEqumfdD3r4-00038-00017452-00017503 Feel! BEqumfdD3r4-00039-00017531-00017628 Feel! Not! BEqumfdD3r4-00040-00017652-00017715 Feel! BEqumfdD3r4-00041-00017791-00017856 Feel! BEqumfdD3r4-00042-00017947-00018012 Feel! BEqumfdD3r4-00043-00018012-00018396 Dasha has definitely loved the gift hahaha BEqumfdD3r4-00044-00018436-00018503 Still BEqumfdD3r4-00045-00018552-00018656 Seeks! BEqumfdD3r4-00046-00018687-00018771 Runs! BEqumfdD3r4-00047-00019075-00019175 Hears! BEqumfdD3r4-00048-00019175-00019359 Come here! Runs! Dasha! BEqumfdD3r4-00049-00019359-00019431 Runs! BEqumfdD3r4-00050-00019480-00019543 ¿ Dasha? BEqumfdD3r4-00051-00019815-00020080 I have another gift ... BEqumfdD3r4-00052-00020324-00020771 Wow ... it seems that this is how he pays attention to me ... hahaha BEqumfdD3r4-00053-00020840-00021096 Happy birthday Dasha! We love you! BLWzf6ZlKJk-00000-00000120-00000744 hello everyone my name is resha bani and i study for banking and finance at epoca university BLWzf6ZlKJk-00001-00000816-00001488 the valuex program it is the most beautiful experience that i have ever had i have learned BLWzf6ZlKJk-00002-00001488-00002160 there what is an e-tutor and its roles during the workshops we have covered a lot of topics BLWzf6ZlKJk-00003-00002160-00002824 in order to have a virtual learning and teaching the combination of the theory and BLWzf6ZlKJk-00004-00002824-00003592 the real-life application it is the best way and the most efficient to learn what is an e-tutor BLWzf6ZlKJk-00005-00003696-00004592 promoting the collaboration it is also a crucial thing because we having different people in groups BLWzf6ZlKJk-00006-00004592-00005464 we have different opinions and the discussion will be in the most efficient way in this case BLWzf6ZlKJk-00007-00005464-00006192 we will get to know a lot of new people and in my case i have also built a lot of friendships BLWzf6ZlKJk-00008-00006384-00006880 i want to say that the valuex program BLWzf6ZlKJk-00009-00006880-00007600 will help me a lot in the future in order to apply this in the real life thank you BRjbdULLE98-00000-00001532-00002122 [Music] BRjbdULLE98-00001-00002662-00003014 Let’s look at how to find existing rubrics in Canvas. BRjbdULLE98-00002-00003014-00003479 When you’re adding a rubric to a discussion or an assignment, you’ll have the option to find already BRjbdULLE98-00003-00003479-00003776 created rubrics that are available to you on the system. BRjbdULLE98-00004-00003776-00004476 This allows system administrators to create institution-wide rubrics to share with instructors across their Canvas instance. BRjbdULLE98-00005-00004476-00005176 Individual instructors can also create rubrics at the course level to reuse within and across their courses. BRjbdULLE98-00006-00005176-00005720 So, let’s take a closer look. In this case we’re looking at an assignment that already has a rubric attached. BRjbdULLE98-00007-00005720-00006420 Let’s click the ‘Find another Rubric’ magnifying glass icon, and our Find a Rubric window gets displayed. BRjbdULLE98-00008-00006420-00006923 Here I can navigate to the other courses on the system to which I have access. BRjbdULLE98-00009-00006923-00007658 Each time I click on a different course, the rubrics in that course are listed for me in this center pane. BRjbdULLE98-00010-00007658-00008402 As I select a different course, this list gets updated with the rubrics available in that course. BRjbdULLE98-00011-00008402-00009372 By selecting a particular rubric, then on the right I get to see the details of that particular rubric. BRjbdULLE98-00012-00009394-00010034 So again, I can navigate, across courses to reuse a rubric that I want to use for this assignment. BRjbdULLE98-00013-00010034-00010948 Once I’ve found the one that I want to use, I click the 'Use This Rubric' button, and that rubric gets BRjbdULLE98-00014-00010948-00011312 associated with the discussion or, in this case, the assignment. BRjbdULLE98-00015-00011312-00011944 Keep in mind that once the rubric is attached to an assignment and graded, the rubric can no longer be edited. BRjbdULLE98-00016-00011944-00012264 That’s how to find an existing rubric in Canvas. BRjbdULLE98-00017-00012478-00012798 [Music] BRa-w2Ae2du-00000-00000273-00001431 [Beverly Amer]: I’m Beverly Amer. I’m principal lecturer in the W. A. Franke College of Business, and I coordinate CIS 120, which is an introduction to computer information systems course. BRa-w2Ae2du-00001-00001431-00002188 CIS 120 is a liberal studies course, so in any given year we may have about 1500 students taking the course. BRa-w2Ae2du-00002-00002188-00002805 Many of them are business majors but there are a lot of majors all across campus that take the class. BRa-w2Ae2du-00003-00002805-00004119 When we first committed to doing our flipped model, we had some discussions with the dean’s office about what this would mean to the college, not just financial but in terms of operations. BRa-w2Ae2du-00004-00004119-00004638 We were going to be requiring an entire computer lab that'd be dedicated to us. BRa-w2Ae2du-00005-00004638-00005885 Our class sizes were going to be increasing and so that meant we’d be moving our classes into the largest rooms in our building that other faculty had ownership of, that they now could no longer use. BRa-w2Ae2du-00006-00005885-00007248 They had to move, and so it created sort of this ripple effect throughout the college and touched a lot of different areas that I don’t think we necessarily thought of at the very outset. BRa-w2Ae2du-00007-00007248-00008395 Not that that should be your first consideration but it’s definitely important to think about: what’s the impact on the rest of the academic unit when it comes to these kinds of things? BRa-w2Ae2du-00008-00008395-00009079 With our course redesign we have over 65 small-stakes and medium-stakes assignments throughout the semester. BRa-w2Ae2du-00009-00009079-00009356 It averages out to about 4 a week for students. BRa-w2Ae2du-00010-00009356-00010897 One of the best practices that we’ve learned about has to do with early and often and scaffolding and so on to build towards success, so with our gradebook being so massive, it can be a bit intimidating to faculty thinking "I’m keeping track of 65 data points per student. BRa-w2Ae2du-00011-00010897-00011101 That’s a lot of recordkeeping." BRa-w2Ae2du-00012-00011101-00012044 The good news is we’ve got a lot of automated tools such as Blackboard Learn, quizzing, and exam features for assessments that automatically port in there. BRa-w2Ae2du-00013-00012044-00012791 We have software that does auto-grading of assignments. All we have to do is download an Excel spreadsheet and enter the grades from there. BRa-w2Ae2du-00014-00012791-00013693 So the grading burden on us isn’t nearly as great as it might seem when you look at how large and complex our, our gradebook is. BRa-w2Ae2du-00015-00013693-00014510 One of the benefits we see from blended learning is helping students understand their role and responsibilities in the learning process. BRa-w2Ae2du-00016-00014510-00015048 We’re not handholding. We’re not mom and dad. We’re not constantly there nudging them. BRa-w2Ae2du-00017-00015048-00015560 We have a lot of discussions about time management. Here’s what needs to be done. BRa-w2Ae2du-00018-00015560-00015989 You need to figure out how to get that work done today, for next week. BRa-w2Ae2du-00019-00015989-00016801 I had one student say to me she learned in my class that "due Monday" does not mean to do it Monday. BRa-w2Ae2du-00020-00016801-00017376 That was a learning moment right there. BRa-w2Ae2du-00021-00017376-00017640 [Laughs] We’ve not seen any faculty failures. BRa-w2Ae2du-00022-00017640-00018810 We’ve seen people struggling with readjusting how they do things, but the faculty, once they’ve been through it the first semester up that steep learning curve, have come back and said, you know, BRa-w2Ae2du-00023-00018810-00019340 I kind of like how lively my classroom is. My students are talking to me. BRa-w2Ae2du-00024-00019340-00019870 They’re talking to each other, and it’s about the material that we’re going over in class. BRa-w2Ae2du-00025-00019870-00021049 It’s kind of fun and I felt I could declare victory at that point because my faculty found that they were actually engaging their students in learning the material and were having a good time doing it. BRa-w2Ae2du-00026-00021049-00021903 In order for faculty to take risks there, there does need to be a fundamental re-examination of the incentive structures at the university level. BRa-w2Ae2du-00027-00021903-00023031 Pay isn’t the only thing that motivates people. There is the reward of the job well done, the recognition piece, but also a safety net. BRa-w2Ae2du-00028-00023031-00023491 What if I fail? What if it doesn’t go like we planned despite our best efforts? BRa-w2Ae2du-00029-00023491-00024142 So, during the evaluation process, having a “pass” so to speak, that can help. BRa-w2Ae2du-00030-00024142-00024826 You know, okay, well, if it doesn’t completely work at least I now know that and I can change things going forward - BRa-w2Ae2du-00031-00024826-00025077 that might help with some of the risk - BRa-w2Ae2du-00032-00025077-00026845 or having a reduced load so that you’ve got development time or a summer grant to do the development, that it’s not part of your expectation on load to redesign and fundamentally rethink things while you’re doing your normal job duties. BRa-w2Ae2du-00033-00026845-00027927 You know… there has to be a recognition that this is a significant effort that the faculty member is going to undertake, and if we’re going to do it right, we have to make sure that the faculty member is supported. BRa-w2Ae2du-00034-00027927-00030184 Once you start thinking about your course as a blended or flipped model, talk to E-Learning and say, here’s what I’m thinking, and then they can bring to bear experiences that other faculty have had, put you in touch with others, provide you with some best practices to really help you focus on what would work best for your students. BRa-w2Ae2du-00035-00030184-00030894 Faculty that are considering blended and flipped, you really need to just give it a chance. BRa-w2Ae2du-00036-00030894-00031550 Don’t be afraid to try something new. I think you’ll find that the rewards are tremendous. BRa-w2Ae2du-00037-00031550-00032158 When I ask my students what do you think, each one tells me, "I really like this. BRa-w2Ae2du-00038-00032158-00033282 I like being in charge of when I do my work or not having to come in and sit and listen while you tell me something that I’ve already read or I already know." BRa-w2Ae2du-00039-00033282-00034212 So I’m getting feedback that’s telling me we’re on the right path here. I think that, that we’ve got a good thing going. BRa-w2Ae2du-00040-00034212-00036696 [“Sweeter Vermouth” by Kevin MacLeod plays] BYC_qrnVsCg-00000-00000009-00000509 what's going on guys today I'm gonna do a CB Aurora cannabis and this stock is getting ramped BYC_qrnVsCg-00001-00000509-00001023 and ready to go the marijuana stocks are really running really good so just like to remind you BYC_qrnVsCg-00002-00001023-00001476 to subscribe to my channel hit the bells to get the notifications on these swing trades and like BYC_qrnVsCg-00003-00001476-00002049 the video let's get into why I'm gonna choose Aurora over all these other marijuana companies BYC_qrnVsCg-00004-00002049-00002559 so his Cronus group of better stock than Aurora cannabis stock I think it is and let me show BYC_qrnVsCg-00005-00002559-00003048 you why it's no denying that Aurora cannabis is the bigger company out of these two stocks a raw BYC_qrnVsCg-00006-00003048-00003546 cannabis reported thirty five million in sales over the last quarter and Cronos groups they BYC_qrnVsCg-00007-00003546-00004044 only reported 3.8 million in their last quarter so last year Aurora's production was roughly around BYC_qrnVsCg-00008-00004044-00004785 seventeen thousand kg but its capacity could reach about 150 kg by next year and could eclipse five BYC_qrnVsCg-00009-00004785-00005349 hundred thousand kg by 2020 and Kronos groups is roughly around sixty six hundred kg rate as of BYC_qrnVsCg-00010-00005349-00005802 right now but they're also looking to increase by a hundred and seventeen kg by next year so BYC_qrnVsCg-00011-00005802-00006258 Aurora's much larger than Chronos crew so this is another thing to think about Aurora cannabis BYC_qrnVsCg-00012-00006258-00006768 has not landed in a major partner yet outside of the cannabis industry so they're still looking BYC_qrnVsCg-00013-00006768-00007194 for somebody and this if they find somebody it can make the stock run up even hotter than it BYC_qrnVsCg-00014-00007194-00007629 is right now so there hasn't been a date yet yet for their earnings report but Aurora and BYC_qrnVsCg-00015-00007629-00008208 Kronos and till raise they're both set to report in the next few weeks so if you were wondering who BYC_qrnVsCg-00016-00008208-00008742 the big three marijuana companies are right now as canopy growth Aurora cannabis and tilray and BYC_qrnVsCg-00017-00008742-00009219 canopy growth stock is up there it's up in the hundreds and till raises up they're pretty good BYC_qrnVsCg-00018-00009219-00009678 too one thing you want to keep in mind though these marijuana stocks are very volatile they BYC_qrnVsCg-00019-00009678-00010257 moved quick up and they can also move just as quick down so here's a roars website you can see BYC_qrnVsCg-00020-00010257-00010671 it's very nice so as you can see here they got a mobile app where you can buy your marijuana over BYC_qrnVsCg-00021-00010671-00011148 the phone and from what it looks like it is very user friendly and here I got the ranking marijuana BYC_qrnVsCg-00022-00011148-00011901 stocks by revenue canopy growth 73 million cushko 69 million and here's aurora cannabis 61 million BYC_qrnVsCg-00023-00011901-00012282 let's just go all the way down to the bottom of the list so we have Chronos groups here at BYC_qrnVsCg-00024-00012282-00012780 9.1 million this is something just to think of if you don't know Robin Hood it's a stock by an app BYC_qrnVsCg-00025-00012780-00013171 and if you don't have Robin Hood and you want it you can get a free stock down on that link BYC_qrnVsCg-00026-00013171-00013654 whoa and the info but Apple used to be the number one stock but they no longer hold the top spot BYC_qrnVsCg-00027-00013654-00014104 Arora cannabis does that's just something I want to put out there all right so looking at the chart BYC_qrnVsCg-00028-00014104-00014838 right now it's 792 had a huge pullback today I have resistance right here at about 731 so I BYC_qrnVsCg-00029-00014838-00015358 don't think this stock is gonna get below that so what I'm hoping for tomorrow is for the stock to BYC_qrnVsCg-00030-00015358-00015829 have a nice pullback or a when it opens up so that way it gets a good nice little entry point into it BYC_qrnVsCg-00031-00015829-00016402 let me zoom in right here as you can see it just got underneath the 50 period here so it's kind of BYC_qrnVsCg-00032-00016402-00016852 acting as a resistance as you can see so tomorrow it actually you might push it down a little bit BYC_qrnVsCg-00033-00016852-00017365 so it's gonna be a pretty good entry point to get into but anything under $7 I think the stock is a BYC_qrnVsCg-00034-00017365-00017878 really good buy hell I think I said goodbye even at $8 probably cuz I believe the stock is gonna BYC_qrnVsCg-00035-00017878-00018394 be up around $20 probably within a month or even less than a month yeah so right now is a good time BYC_qrnVsCg-00036-00018394-00018904 to get into the marijuana stocks when they're hot and this is a good buy right now very good price BYC_qrnVsCg-00037-00018904-00019444 its stock is very undervalued so let's go ahead and get in it for a nice swing trade just like BYC_qrnVsCg-00038-00019444-00019831 to remind you subscribe to my channel hit the bells to get the notifications and let's motor