yhgKlAS0q-4-00000-00000000-00000300 Hello guys, welcome to my channel
yhgKlAS0q-4-00001-00000300-00000500 Firstly I draw the area where I will draw the ear
yhgKlAS0q-4-00002-00000500-00000800 In the beginning, I used a mechanical pen
yhgKlAS0q-4-00003-00000800-00001100 My advice for the beginning is you should use soft pencils, like HB or 2B
yhgKlAS0q-4-00004-00001100-00001200 I'm sketching the ear, like an egg 
yhgKlAS0q-4-00005-00001200-00003687 and drawing ear details
yhgKlAS0q-4-00006-00003687-00004036 Everything is done
yhgKlAS0q-4-00008-00020090-00020663 I shade the first layer
yhgKlAS0q-4-00009-00022263-00022603 Blending with a paper stump
yhgKlAS0q-4-00010-00026403-00027086 This is a 6B pencil for more depth
yhgKlAS0q-4-00011-00027086-00027286 You know deep places are dark
yhgKlAS0q-4-00012-00031086-00031386 Blending again
yhgKlAS0q-4-00013-00033386-00033776 More shade
yhgKlAS0q-4-00014-00041503-00041866 For light, I use Kneaded Putty Rubber
yhgKlAS0q-4-00015-00055203-00055566 This is a Derwent mechanical eraser
yhgKlAS0q-4-00016-00055566-00055820 But is not good for small area
yhgKlAS0q-4-00017-00065020-00065353 More shade  and light and the first one is finish
yhgKlAS0q-4-00018-00066220-00066540 Second ear and the same technique
yipmxmXooVo-00000-00000539-00000898 Known as the Bosco Verticale towers, thousands of plants
yipmxmXooVo-00001-00000898-00001296 and hundreds of trees give these towers their distinctive look
yipmxmXooVo-00002-00002571-00003020 Meaning "eye" in Latin, this oculus is an opening at the centerof the dome
yipmxmXooVo-00003-00003020-00003406 The light falling through thisopening supposedly serves as a sundial
yipmxmXooVo-00004-00003406-00004053 It noticeably illuminates the Pantheon's door on the 21st of April, the celebration of Rome's birthday
yipmxmXooVo-00005-00004629-00005213 Once the world's tallest hotel, the land it stands on took a bit longer to develop than the hotel itself
yipmxmXooVo-00006-00006888-00007464 Supposedly dating back to the 9th Century A.D, this scripture informs of the presence of a figure
yipmxmXooVo-00007-00007464-00007665 known by the name of Halvdan
yipmxmXooVo-00008-00008099-00008460 Peopleclaimed the sight of the building to be likea shard of glass through the heart
yipmxmXooVo-00009-00008460-00008828 of historic London-this claim indirectly coined the name
yipmxmXooVo-00010-00010075-00010456 Millions of people visiting the Western Wall leave handwritten notes
yipmxmXooVo-00011-00010456-00010686 between the cracksof the ancient stone
yipmxmXooVo-00012-00010686-00011219 These personal pieces of paper get collected and finally buried at the Mount of Olives
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00000-00000000-00000063 baby..
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00001-00000140-00000256 I have a question.
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00002-00000370-00000560 this..(Bad hand appears)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00003-00000560-00000683 How can I...
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00004-00000683-00000776 Do I have to take this off?
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00005-00000776-00000946 Can I take this off?
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00006-00000946-00001056 I have to take it off...
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00007-00001056-00001180 (Can't believe it)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00008-00001180-00001246 What do you mean?
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00009-00001246-00001410 How can I take this off?
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00010-00001410-00001526 (Seriously saying this because he doesn't know)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00011-00001526-00001913 This is quite complicated.
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00012-00002033-00002220 I'm being too honest.
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00013-00002220-00002416 I don't know if I'm going to take it off.
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00014-00002416-00002626 To the person who dresses me properly,
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00015-00002656-00002866 I need to take it off or wear it with help.
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00016-00002866-00002973 It's complicated (more difficult than I thought)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00017-00002973-00003213 That means I can't take it off.(Disappointed)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00018-00003246-00003343 Yes. (Are you looking forward to it)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00019-00003343-00003473 Why? Do you want to take it off?
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00020-00003473-00003633 (With her bold provocation)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00021-00003633-00003776 (What will Sungchan’s reaction be?)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00022-00003776-00003993 Yes! (No need to ask)
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00023-00003993-00004140 "Kimono is...""
ylJVsXU-3Pk-00024-00004140-00004360 "He can't take it off by himself."
ylQx30ZzA5u-00000-00000008-00000463 so maybe you're on a break from school or maybe you are doing quarantine or social
ylQx30ZzA5u-00001-00000463-00001056 dancing or maybe you just want to read more in 2020. so i'm here for you i got you i have five
ylQx30ZzA5u-00002-00001056-00001464 books recommendations of books i've read in the past year and that i love and i think you should
ylQx30ZzA5u-00003-00001464-00001944 read as well because i think you're gonna love them so let's get straight into it hi everyone
ylQx30ZzA5u-00004-00001944-00002376 welcome back and if you're new here welcome don't forget to hit the subscribe button down below and
ylQx30ZzA5u-00005-00002376-00002984 hit the notification bell to be notified of every time i upload a new video every single week so now
ylQx30ZzA5u-00006-00002984-00003432 let's get straight into today's video and to the five book recommendations the first book i
ylQx30ZzA5u-00007-00003432-00003992 have to recommend is called what Alice forgot by leanne moriarty so this book starts with alice she wakes
ylQx30ZzA5u-00008-00003992-00004464 up on the floor of the gym and she thinks she's 29 years old she's pregnant with her first child
ylQx30ZzA5u-00009-00004464-00005032 and she's crazy about her husband the truth is alice is 39 she has three kids and she's getting
ylQx30ZzA5u-00010-00005032-00005632 the other fours so alice has hit her head and forgot all the events of the past 10 years so
ylQx30ZzA5u-00011-00005632-00006232 as alice has to somehow reconstruct what happened you start wondering whether forgetting is actually
ylQx30ZzA5u-00012-00006232-00006784 a blessing or a curse i think liam moriarty does a great job in this book as she explains what the
ylQx30ZzA5u-00013-00006784-00007312 characters feel and i loved it it was the first book i read by this author and at the same time
ylQx30ZzA5u-00014-00007312-00007920 it got me so so emotional i cried like so many times reading it i don't know exactly why because
ylQx30ZzA5u-00015-00007920-00008608 i'm not alice at 29 or alice at 39 but the way she talks about what happened it makes you wonder
ylQx30ZzA5u-00016-00008608-00009200 what happened to my life in the past 10 years what would i change if i could or where do i want to be
ylQx30ZzA5u-00017-00009200-00009680 in 10 years time and what can happen in between i don't know but i just like i love the book and
ylQx30ZzA5u-00018-00009680-00010120 i think you should totally read it second book i have to recommend is called the woman in the
ylQx30ZzA5u-00019-00010120-00010648 window by aj fiend the main character in this book is anna foxx anna fox used to be a child
ylQx30ZzA5u-00020-00010648-00011104 therapist but then something happened something that you're gonna find out in the book and now
ylQx30ZzA5u-00021-00011104-00011696 she's recruited in her home she has a gyrophobia she can go out and the only thing she does is she
ylQx30ZzA5u-00022-00011696-00012272 watches all films she drinks maybe too much wine she talks to her husband her daughter
ylQx30ZzA5u-00023-00012272-00012792 and she watches her neighbors so one day she's watching one of her neighbors and she
ylQx30ZzA5u-00024-00012792-00013296 sees something happen across the street and her whole world changes from that moment this book
ylQx30ZzA5u-00025-00013296-00013808 is a psychological thriller and of course it has a lot suspense it has a lot of things that you
ylQx30ZzA5u-00026-00013808-00014328 won't find out until the very very end and although it's becoming a movie very very
ylQx30ZzA5u-00027-00014328-00014791 soon i think you should read the book first the third book i have to recommend is called eleanor
ylQx30ZzA5u-00028-00014791-00015319 oliphant is completely fine by gail honeyman this book is of course about eleanor she goes into the
ylQx30ZzA5u-00029-00015319-00015856 office during the week then she eats pizza drinks vodka in the weekend she talks to her mom on the
ylQx30ZzA5u-00030-00015856-00016376 phone and she's fine right the thing is like no one told eleanor she could be more than just fine
ylQx30ZzA5u-00031-00016376-00016936 that life is not about being fine but maybe having fun being in love being happy everything changes
ylQx30ZzA5u-00032-00016936-00017472 when eleanor meets one of her work colleagues paul raymond and they start interacting and talking and
ylQx30ZzA5u-00033-00017472-00017976 hanging out this book is about loneliness it's about mental health and it's amazing it took
ylQx30ZzA5u-00034-00017976-00018440 me a while to actually get through the first few chapters but once i started reading it i
ylQx30ZzA5u-00035-00018440-00018832 absolutely loved it and i couldn't put it down so i think you should totally read it so the fourth
ylQx30ZzA5u-00036-00018832-00019408 book is called little fires everywhere by celesta inc and you probably have heard of this book
ylQx30ZzA5u-00037-00019408-00019960 because this actually has become a show on hulu seven kerry washington and rhys willis bone but
ylQx30ZzA5u-00038-00019960-00020528 as always i tell you to read the book first if you haven't watched the show yet don't read the
ylQx30ZzA5u-00039-00020528-00020968 book first and then you can go and watch the show this is set in a town called shaker heights in
ylQx30ZzA5u-00040-00020968-00021496 ohio on one hand we have elena richardson she's a journalist she's a mom she has four children
ylQx30ZzA5u-00041-00021496-00022000 and she's very organized everything has to be according to plan according to a structure and
ylQx30ZzA5u-00042-00022000-00022576 then one day mia warren who's a single mom and an artist moves into shaker heights with her daughter
ylQx30ZzA5u-00043-00022576-00023120 pearl and pearl goes to school with alina sons and daughters so the book goes about how they start
ylQx30ZzA5u-00044-00023120-00023648 interacting how their kids start interacting and in the end who set a lens richardson house on fire
ylQx30ZzA5u-00045-00023648-00024184 and this is not a spoiler the house is literally on fire on the very first chapter so this book
ylQx30ZzA5u-00046-00024184-00024720 is about motherhood about what it means to be a mother do you need a child to be a mother are you
ylQx30ZzA5u-00047-00024720-00025176 a mother if you don't want to be a mother if you don't want a child it goes about the relationship
ylQx30ZzA5u-00048-00025176-00025688 between mothers and daughters i don't know i think it's amazing i think the author does a great job
ylQx30ZzA5u-00049-00025688-00026232 describing the characters and it's better than the tv show so read the book first so the fifth
ylQx30ZzA5u-00050-00026232-00026792 and last book i have to recommend is called where the crowd sings by delia owens and let me start by
ylQx30ZzA5u-00051-00026792-00027248 saying i love this book it's probably my favorite book i have read in the past months this book is
ylQx30ZzA5u-00052-00027248-00027776 about kia clark she's a very young girl when her mom leaves and right after her brothers and her
ylQx30ZzA5u-00053-00027776-00028320 sisters leave as well so she's left alone with her father her father is abusive drinks a lot
ylQx30ZzA5u-00054-00028320-00028736 he doesn't work that much so she's a kid and she's a kid and she has to take care of her
ylQx30ZzA5u-00055-00028736-00029360 of her dad of the house so of course life is not easy for her and at the same time she's mistreated
ylQx30ZzA5u-00056-00029360-00029768 by the people in the town because they live in a house that's like far apart from that in the
ylQx30ZzA5u-00057-00029768-00030320 marsh is called the marsh girl but time passes kia of course grows up and she starts some sort
ylQx30ZzA5u-00058-00030320-00030727 of relationships with two different men so that's like one part of the book and the other part of
ylQx30ZzA5u-00059-00030727-00031239 the book that you'll learn from the very beginning is that a man was found dead and apparently he has
ylQx30ZzA5u-00060-00031239-00031808 been murdered and for years there's been a rumor that this man was in some sort of relationship
ylQx30ZzA5u-00061-00031808-00032336 with the marsh girl with kia so the book has like two different stories on one hand you see
ylQx30ZzA5u-00062-00032336-00032840 kia growing up from the moment her mom leaves and she's a little girl and on the other hand
ylQx30ZzA5u-00063-00032840-00033352 you are sort of like leaving like the present time where the police officers are trying to find out
ylQx30ZzA5u-00064-00033352-00033904 what happened to this guy that was found dead the book is very very good it leaves you just holding
ylQx30ZzA5u-00065-00033904-00034448 there with the suspense until the very very last sentence and not even kidding and i loved it and
ylQx30ZzA5u-00066-00034448-00034928 i think it does a great job describing young woman growing up and at the same time has some
ylQx30ZzA5u-00067-00034928-00035456 sort of like suspense or thriller and i highly highly recommend it so that's it for today's
ylQx30ZzA5u-00068-00035456-00035928 video i hope you liked it if you like reading books you should follow me on instagram i post
ylQx30ZzA5u-00069-00035928-00036344 reviews of books every single week and at the same time i show you all my instagram stories
ylQx30ZzA5u-00070-00036344-00036792 when i'm reading of the time you can follow me at globalrada here on instagram it will be linked
ylQx30ZzA5u-00071-00036792-00037320 down below as well and you can also follow me on goodreads i publish my reviews over there and you
ylQx30ZzA5u-00072-00037320-00037712 can see what i'm reading there as well if you like this video give it a thumbs up subscribe
ylQx30ZzA5u-00073-00037712-00038136 if you're new to the channel and of course leave your comment down below and let me know which
ylQx30ZzA5u-00074-00038136-00038600 book you are reading right now if you've read any of the ones i have just mentioned before
ylQx30ZzA5u-00075-00038600-00039384 and which other books you recommend hope you like this video and see you on the next one bye
ylQx30ZzA5u-00076-00041080-00041130 you
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00000-00000429-00000818 You're about to create your MOOC, but where do your start?
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00001-00000818-00001303 You probably have an idea of what you want to do... based on an existing course, the
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00002-00001303-00001635 aim of your MOOC, or on your teaching experience.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00003-00001635-00002190 But there's a risk that you will start creating a bunch of videos without asking yourself
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00004-00002190-00002692 if this is really the best way to have your students end up with the skills they signed
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00005-00002692-00002894 up for.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00006-00002894-00003411 In this section, you will make sure you work efficiently by starting with the end in mind...
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00007-00003411-00003739 by defining your learning objectives.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00008-00003739-00004239 Taking some time to define your learning objectives when you start the course development process
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00009-00004239-00004719 will save time later and thus is pivotal in a low-cost approach.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00010-00004719-00005455 In the introductory video, 'how to write learning objectives using Bloom's taxonomy', you will
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00011-00005455-00006046 see that learning objectives are 'observable, measurable statements of what a student will
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00012-00006046-00006443 be able to do at the end of a unit of learning'.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00013-00006443-00006911 Instead of using the link mentioned in the presentation, please use the overview in the
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00014-00006911-00007383 document 'model of learning objectives' from Iowa State University.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00015-00007383-00008190 If the text is too pedagogical for you, please use the table 2 for inspiration, for verbs
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00016-00008190-00008372 on the different levels.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00017-00008372-00009106 Remember: "Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, and Create'.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00018-00009106-00009465 The next step will be to write your learning objectives.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00019-00009465-00010179 For this, you can use the online tool 'Learning objectives builder' from Arizona State University.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00020-00010179-00010641 After you have done this for your own course, we invite you to share your work with your
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00021-00010641-00011178 fellow learners or colleagues to see what your fellow course designers came up with
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00022-00011178-00011484 and to discuss it on the discussion forum.
zoMi-NLa2Fc-00023-00011484-00011761 I'm looking forward to your contributions.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00000-00000002-00000428 "Do you have any advice about cutting through the noise,
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00001-00000428-00000869 to achieve a bird's-eye view of the blockchain technology space?"
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00002-00000869-00001426 "I spend every minute of my free time learning about new projects, technologies, protocol improvements,
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00003-00001426-00001914 consensus mechanisms, and I can barely keep up with a fraction of it all."
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00004-00001914-00002408 "As someone who spends much more time learning in the space than I do, how do you filter through it all?"
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00005-00002408-00002952 "Do you recommend any sources in particular that do a great job of distilling the highlights...
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00006-00002952-00003478 of what is happening right now?" That is a great question.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00007-00003478-00004028 I know that, for many people, I serve as that source. It is very difficult.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00008-00004028-00004724 I must not only to keep up with an extremely rapid pace of change in our industry,
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00009-00004724-00005150 but also discern what is real and what is not.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00010-00005150-00006232 The truth does not simply fall somewhere on a random curve, [among] distributed news sources.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00011-00006232-00006759 There are people out there who are  actively trying to sell you something.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00012-00006759-00007422 There is a lot of money floating around in this space, which has attracted many unscrupulous people.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00013-00007422-00008278 It is not just about keeping up, but [finding] sources that are neutral, that don't have an agenda.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00014-00008278-00009208 Or if they do have an agenda, it is based on principle, not personal enrichment and promotion.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00015-00009208-00009918 This is a problem, because there aren't that many neutral voices. Most people are trying to sell you something.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00016-00009918-00010930 There are a lot of companies both inside and outside the space that are all trying to push their own agenda,
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00017-00010930-00011804 like startups, insurance, financial services companies, and banks.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00018-00011804-00012554 For example, they are trying to tell you that we can continue with business-as-usual with just 'blockchain.'
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00019-00012554-00013130 "We don't really need any of this open,  borderless, decentralized cryptocurrency shit."
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00020-00013130-00013778 "We can just use it as a database, and that is just as good. All we need is complete power [and control]."
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00021-00013778-00014141 There are all of these challenges [in getting a bird's eye view of the space].
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00022-00014141-00014874 To me, the best approach for cutting through noise is: go directly to the [source code of] the technology.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00023-00014874-00015604 Go to the source of information. I look at code. I use the code.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00024-00015604-00016510 I try to understand what it does. In addition, I read the developer mailing lists and discussions on GitHub.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00025-00016510-00017148 I read the pull requests and [go into] various chat rooms, though not all of them are good anymore.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00026-00017148-00018090 Many of the very qualified developers have left public chat rooms because of the noise there.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00027-00018090-00018510 In order to get work done, they have moved to more private forums.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00028-00018510-00019094 But you can still find a lot of good information online. To me, the focus should always be on the technology.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00029-00019094-00019950 Go back to the technology. Read about what the developers are doing, what the code is doing now.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00030-00019950-00020380 Then you will have a direct perspective on  what is actually happening in the space,
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00031-00020380-00021042 rather than marketing brochures and agenda-driven talking points.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00032-00021042-00021492 [A question] about crypto book recommendations:
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00033-00021492-00021906 "Hi Andreas. In a recent interview, you spoke about your passion for reading."
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00034-00021906-00022092 "I've already read and loved your books."
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00035-00022092-00022516 "What [other recommended reading do you have in the crypto, decentralization, and technology space?"
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00036-00022516-00023136 "Any sci-fi books about a distant crypto future? Thanks."
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00037-00023136-00024116 [There is] one author, where I've probably read almost everything they have ever published...
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00038-00024116-00024780 The author who has influenced my thinking a lot is a cyberpunk author called Cory Doctrow.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00039-00024780-00025384 Cory Doctorow has written a number of amazing books. I am a huge fan.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00040-00025384-00025977 His latest book, 'Radicalized,' just came out.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00041-00025977-00026554 I have not started reading it yet, but I have  loved every single one of his previous books.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00042-00026554-00027638 They speak to a decentralized, autonomous, software- based, community-oriented, open-source future.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00043-00027638-00028289 Cory Doctrow is a very strong [advocate] in the areas of intellectual property and Creative Commons,
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00044-00028289-00029038 in defending general-purpose and open computing, as well as fighting back against various forms....
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00045-00029038-00029230 of centralization and control.
zoa2F6ZP1vA-00046-00029230-00030082 If you like any of those ideas, [his books] might be a good place to start. I would certainly recommend it.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00000-00000338-00000793 Antony Davies: Before we start talking about statistics, I think it's important to ask
z1SUhGwHbtY-00001-00000793-00001198 the question why do we use statistics at all?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00002-00001198-00001517 These are painful things, nobody likes to study ... well, some people like to study
z1SUhGwHbtY-00003-00001517-00001617 them.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00004-00001617-00001964 Generally, people aren't interested in these things, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00005-00001964-00002073 Why mess with them?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00006-00002073-00002940 The reason we mess with statistics is because the world is divided in to two sets of relationships,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00007-00002940-00003529 [00:00:30] and we tend to think in terms of one set, ignoring the other.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00008-00003529-00003727 Here's what I mean by that.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00009-00003727-00004451 There's virtually all laws of psychics are what we call deterministic relationships.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00010-00004451-00004593 That is they always hold, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00011-00004593-00005053 We've got Bernoulli's Law, this is the thing that enables us to fly in airplanes.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00012-00005053-00005717 If you have an airplane wing, and it's going through the air at a certain speed, by going
z1SUhGwHbtY-00013-00005717-00006000 through the air at a certain speed, the air goes over it and creates pressure [00:01:00]
z1SUhGwHbtY-00014-00006000-00006383 and the airplane lifts.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00015-00006383-00007000 If air pressure and temperature is held constant, this wing, which goes through at a certain
z1SUhGwHbtY-00016-00007000-00007252 speed, gets a certain lift every single time.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00017-00007252-00007445 It works this way all the time.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00018-00007445-00007854 If you increase the speed, you get more lift all the time.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00019-00007854-00008031 This is a determinist relationship.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00020-00008031-00008314 It's always true, in every single instance.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00021-00008314-00008533 This is what we're used to dealing with, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00022-00008533-00009043 You drop a glass, and it you know, drops to the floor at a certain speed and it smashes.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00023-00009043-00009297 [00:01:30] That happens every single time you drop the glass, this is the way we're
z1SUhGwHbtY-00024-00009297-00009857 used to dealing with life, determinist relationships.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00025-00009857-00010565 That's well and good for things like the laws of psychics, but it doesn't apply to the laws
z1SUhGwHbtY-00026-00010565-00010784 of economics.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00027-00010784-00011214 Laws of economics are stochastic relationships.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00028-00011214-00011496 Stochastic relationships are very different.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00029-00011496-00011722 They're true on average.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00030-00011722-00011899 They're not true in every instance.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00031-00011899-00012554 For example, [00:02:00] if you raise the minimum wage, it is the case that on average, you'll
z1SUhGwHbtY-00032-00012554-00012742 get less employment.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00033-00012742-00013185 Now, what happens is it doesn't happen in every single case, you might have a friend
z1SUhGwHbtY-00034-00013185-00013631 who you know, when the minimum wage didn't rise, he lost his job.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00035-00013631-00014065 When the minimum wage did rise later on, he didn't lose his job.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00036-00014065-00014512 You point to your friend and say well look, this minimum wage nonsense must not apply,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00037-00014512-00014941 because I know people who did not lose their jobs when the minimum wage went up.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00038-00014941-00015422 [00:02:30] The reason they didn't lose their jobs when the minimum wage went up, is not
z1SUhGwHbtY-00039-00015422-00015979 an indictment of minimum wage, rather what's going on is, you're dealing with a stochastic
z1SUhGwHbtY-00040-00015979-00016079 relationship.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00041-00016079-00016593 That it's true on average, even if it isn't true every single time, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00042-00016593-00017109 The good example of the difference between the two, determinist relationship is four
z1SUhGwHbtY-00043-00017109-00017281 is greater than three.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00044-00017281-00017439 Four is always greater than three, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00045-00017439-00017842 It doesn't matter what your circumstances are, what the temperature is outside, whether
z1SUhGwHbtY-00046-00017842-00018020 or not you woke up on the left side of the bed.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00047-00018020-00018323 [00:03:00] Four is always greater than three, it's a deterministic relationship.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00048-00018323-00018934 If you ever find in instance in which four is not greater than three, just one example,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00049-00018934-00019195 you could disproven the relationship.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00050-00019195-00019373 That's deterministic.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00051-00019373-00019651 A stochastic relationship: dogs are bigger than cats.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00052-00019651-00019842 Generally, that's true.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00053-00019842-00020470 Now you can find some cats that are particularly large, and some dogs that are particularly
z1SUhGwHbtY-00054-00020470-00020570 small.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00055-00020570-00020923 You could point to this example and say look at this, this is gargantuan cat and a very
z1SUhGwHbtY-00056-00020923-00021023 small dog.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00057-00021023-00021350 [00:03:30] I've disproven your statement that dogs are bigger than cats.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00058-00021350-00021811 No you haven't, because the statement dogs are bigger than cats is a stochastic statement.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00059-00021811-00022019 It talks about a stochastic relationship.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00060-00022019-00022427 On average, dogs are bigger than cats even though you'll find some examples in which
z1SUhGwHbtY-00061-00022427-00022527 it's not true.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00062-00022527-00022762 All right, why is this matter?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00063-00022762-00023512 Well, it matters because to understand stochastic relationships, we have to do more than simple
z1SUhGwHbtY-00064-00023512-00023684 observe what's happening.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00065-00023684-00024276 We have to process data about what's happening, and that's the [00:04:00] nastiness of stats.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00066-00024276-00024948 The reason we have to do this is because our usual method of talking about relationships
z1SUhGwHbtY-00067-00024948-00025143 is anecdotes, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00068-00025143-00025825 We use anecdotes, we say things like well, you know the tax rate went up and because
z1SUhGwHbtY-00069-00025825-00026422 of that, I can see that I have less money in my checking account, this is an anecdote.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00070-00026422-00026855 The minimum wage went up and my uncle lost his job, this is an anecdote.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00071-00026855-00027556 Anecdotes [00:04:30] work very well when you're talking about deterministic relationships,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00072-00027556-00028045 because the deterministic relationship is true in every single instance.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00073-00028045-00028808 Every anecdote you find, is a perfect encapsulation of this deterministic relationship.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00074-00028808-00028989 Stochastic relationships are only true on average.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00075-00028989-00029214 They might be true in some specific cases, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00076-00029214-00029591 Other cases they may not be, but they're true on average, which means that anecdotes really
z1SUhGwHbtY-00077-00029591-00029716 don't work.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00078-00029716-00030197 You can pick an anecdote that fits [00:05:00] the stochastic relationship, you can also
z1SUhGwHbtY-00079-00030197-00030536 pick an anecdote that doesn't fit the stochastic relationship.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00080-00030536-00031027 This is the thing people ... often when they talk, debate back and forth about economic
z1SUhGwHbtY-00081-00031027-00031516 issues, one side or the other at some point will accuse the other one of cherry picking
z1SUhGwHbtY-00082-00031516-00031633 the data.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00083-00031633-00031785 That's what cherry picking means.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00084-00031785-00032431 That I've picked an anecdote that happens to support my position, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00085-00032431-00033143 Anecdotes, when it comes to stochastic relationships, are very useful for [00:05:30] illustrating
z1SUhGwHbtY-00086-00033143-00033576 the relationship, but they aren't at all good for understanding the relationship.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00087-00033576-00033974 To understand the relationship, we need lots of data and we need to apply the rules of
z1SUhGwHbtY-00088-00033974-00034218 statistics to analyze this.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00089-00034218-00034318 All right.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00090-00034318-00035095 One of the things that happens when we talk about statistics is that we run in to a road
z1SUhGwHbtY-00091-00035095-00035650 block, that statistics is discussed in the language of mathematics.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00092-00035650-00036222 But when we talk about things to which statistics [00:06:00] apply, we use English, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00093-00036222-00036789 We say things like China's economy is bigger than the US economy, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00094-00036789-00037127 Some people don't care about that, some people get bent out of shape about it, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00095-00037127-00037356 But we say this thing, and we say it in English.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00096-00037356-00037631 China's economy's is bigger than the US economy.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00097-00037631-00038227 What we're missing when we say this in English, are the particular nuances that statistics
z1SUhGwHbtY-00098-00038227-00038719 in the language of mathematics can convey, but the language in English has problems with.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00099-00038719-00039260 For example, it is the case [00:06:30] that if you add up all of the productivity that
z1SUhGwHbtY-00100-00039260-00039713 goes on in China, the total productivity is somewhat larger than total productivity in
z1SUhGwHbtY-00101-00039713-00040298 the US, but if you measure the productivity on a per person basis.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00102-00040298-00040841 Take the total economic productivity in China, divide it by the number of Chinese workers.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00103-00040841-00041234 Take the total amount of economic productivity in the United States, divide it by the number
z1SUhGwHbtY-00104-00041234-00041438 of American workers.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00105-00041438-00041666 What you find now is the numbers are very different, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00106-00041666-00042215 American productivity per person is something like $ [00:07:00] 54,000.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00107-00042215-00042775 The average American worker, generates about $54,000 worth of goods and services.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00108-00042775-00043402 The average Chinese worker generates about $13,000 worth of goods and services.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00109-00043402-00043502 What's happening here?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00110-00043502-00043884 What's happening here is we have to be very careful when we talk about statistics, to
z1SUhGwHbtY-00111-00043884-00044491 remember that we're talking about them in English, but their native language is mathematics.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00112-00044491-00045070 Be careful when you say things like the Chinese economy's larger than [00:07:30] the US economy.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00113-00045070-00045602 Be careful to underline precisely what you mean by that, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00114-00045602-00045947 That's going to take more than just a single sentence.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00115-00045947-00046355 You've gotta say things like well, I'm talking about on a per capita basis and I'm adjusting
z1SUhGwHbtY-00116-00046355-00046607 for differences in costs of living, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00117-00046607-00046982 All of that's nasty stuff that cause peoples eyes to glaze over, but it's important in
z1SUhGwHbtY-00118-00046982-00047311 understanding what it is you're really trying to convey.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00119-00047311-00047988 People—and when I say people, I point the finger largely at the media here—tend to
z1SUhGwHbtY-00120-00047988-00048388 be [00:08:00] comfortable talking about averages.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00121-00048388-00048622 Even talking about medians, right.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00122-00048622-00049088 People tend to understand that the average income in the US is somewhat different than
z1SUhGwHbtY-00123-00049088-00049763 the median income in the US, and that there's a fundamental difference in these things that
z1SUhGwHbtY-00124-00049763-00050015 deserves note, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00125-00050015-00050919 If we have the five of us, six of us in a room, and Jack's income is $2,000,000 a year,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00126-00050919-00051207 our incomes are all $50, [00:08:30] 000 a year.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00127-00051207-00051570 On average, the average income in this room is quite high.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00128-00051570-00052049 Of course the problem is well, that's not really indicative of what's going on here,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00129-00052049-00052149 right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00130-00052149-00052511 Because what's happening is Jack's this one guy with a very high income, this is dragging
z1SUhGwHbtY-00131-00052511-00052664 up the numbers.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00132-00052664-00052890 Rather than talking about averages, we can talk about medians.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00133-00052890-00053450 With median, we line us all up, poorest person to richest person and take the guy in the
z1SUhGwHbtY-00134-00053450-00053560 middle.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00135-00053560-00053996 If we're all earning $50,000 and Jack over here is earning $2,000,000, the guy [00:09:00]
z1SUhGwHbtY-00136-00053996-00054215 in the middle ... well he's a guy with a $50,000 income.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00137-00054215-00054736 Jacks $2,000,000 income doesn't affect this media, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00138-00054736-00055444 The median in some sense, under some circumstances is more indicative of what it is we're trying
z1SUhGwHbtY-00139-00055444-00055549 to convey.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00140-00055549-00055999 Peoples you know, average income.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00141-00055999-00056390 The media and people in general, tend to be comfortable talking about averages and even
z1SUhGwHbtY-00142-00056390-00056680 on occasion, talking about medians.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00143-00056680-00057385 What you find people almost never [00:09:30] talking about, outside of statisticians is
z1SUhGwHbtY-00144-00057385-00057697 standard deviation or variance.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00145-00057697-00058550 Standard deviation or variance tells us the degree to which a random phenomenon wanders
z1SUhGwHbtY-00146-00058550-00058772 away from its average.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00147-00058772-00059408 Give you an example, picture that you have a guitar string and you pluck this guitar
z1SUhGwHbtY-00148-00059408-00059588 string.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00149-00059588-00059688 What happens?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00150-00059688-00059899 If you look at it, you see it vibrating, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00151-00059899-00060377 It's moving very fast, [00:10:00] and what you see is it kind of forms this pattern of
z1SUhGwHbtY-00152-00060377-00060896 this ... you can see the edges where it vibrates to left and right and you know, you can see
z1SUhGwHbtY-00153-00060896-00061272 kind of the center point where it is and it's kind of a blur.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00154-00061272-00061478 That center point, that's the average.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00155-00061478-00061953 You see the string vibrating back and forth, on average it's location is the center point.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00156-00061953-00062427 The blur around it, the blur is the standard deviation.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00157-00062427-00062976 It turns out this blur, the standard deviation becomes under some circumstances, incredibly
z1SUhGwHbtY-00158-00062976-00063102 important.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00159-00063102-00063410 [00:10:30] Sometimes more important than the average.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00160-00063410-00063620 Give you an example.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00161-00063620-00064494 The average temperature in February in Fairbanks Alaska is about -2 Fahrenheit.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00162-00064494-00065058 The average temperature on the moon is 5 Fahrenheit.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00163-00065058-00065494 If you look at those two averages, you would conclude that the environment on the moon,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00164-00065494-00066005 absent the fact that there's no air, is more hospitable than the environment in [00:11:00]
z1SUhGwHbtY-00165-00066005-00066181 Fairbanks Alaska, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00166-00066181-00066340 We're looking just at the averages.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00167-00066340-00066687 Well here's what the averages don't tell you.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00168-00066687-00067196 In February, in Fairbanks Alaska, the temperature varies ... of course the averages too, but
z1SUhGwHbtY-00169-00067196-00067882 it can vary as high as maybe you know, 15 degrees and maybe as low as -20, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00170-00067882-00068485 The averages is three and you've got this plus or minus 10, 15 degrees on it.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00171-00068485-00068800 The plus or minus represents ... it's kind of like that vibrating guitar string.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00172-00068800-00069246 That usually, we find the February temperature [00:11:30] in Fairbanks, Alaska to be -2,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00173-00069246-00069453 sometimes a little bit higher, sometimes a little bit lower.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00174-00069453-00070058 But it's in this range, -2 plus or minus you know, 10, 15, 20 degrees.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00175-00070058-00070725 On the moon, the average temperature is five, but it varies by about 250 degrees.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00176-00070725-00071336 On you know the highs, you're getting 250 degrees Fahrenheit, on the lows you're getting
z1SUhGwHbtY-00177-00071336-00071763 -200 some degrees Fahrenheit.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00178-00071763-00072105 What you see is, although the average temperature on [00:12:00] the moon is higher than the
z1SUhGwHbtY-00179-00072105-00072432 average temperature in Fairbanks, Alaska, when you account for the standard deviation,
z1SUhGwHbtY-00180-00072432-00072879 you find that the environment on the moon is way less hospitable, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00181-00072879-00073185 In Fairbanks, you're going to be incredibly uncomfortable, but you'll survive.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00182-00073185-00073334 On the moon, no.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00183-00073334-00073631 The difference is not the averages, it's the standard deviations.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00184-00073631-00074185 The degree to which this thing we're measuring, vibrates around its mean.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00185-00074185-00075222 Student: I'm no physicist, but I'm curious if it's a contentious subject to say [00:12:30]
z1SUhGwHbtY-00186-00075222-00075529 that laws and physics are deterministic in a sense.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00187-00075529-00075844 Antony Davies: Yeah, that's a good question.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00188-00075844-00076282 I'm not a physicist either, right, but I can't tell you a little bit about it.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00189-00076282-00077030 There are relationships in the physical world, that are not deterministic, they're stochastic.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00190-00077030-00077475 In fact, a good example of this is the field of fluid dynamics.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00191-00077475-00078081 The set of physical rules that describe how fluids behave [00:13:00] as they're flowing
z1SUhGwHbtY-00192-00078081-00078399 through whatever it is that fluids flow through, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00193-00078399-00078910 Here's the interesting thing, the laws of fluid dynamics work very well.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00194-00078910-00079159 It's like Bernoulli's Law, right?
z1SUhGwHbtY-00195-00079159-00079740 The equations predict in a deterministic fashion what's going on, provided that your fluid
z1SUhGwHbtY-00196-00079740-00080029 has lots of molecules in it.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00197-00080029-00080492 If you have a bit of fluid that has very few molecules in it, right like a thimble full
z1SUhGwHbtY-00198-00080492-00080644 of water or something.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00199-00080644-00081105 You'll find that the laws of fluid dynamics start to break [00:13:30] down.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00200-00081105-00081803 Not because the laws don't apply, but rather because the random behavior of the individual
z1SUhGwHbtY-00201-00081803-00082302 molecules, starts to become more noticeable because you have fewer of them.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00202-00082302-00082850 This is an interesting thing with economics when people say, well you know, the problem
z1SUhGwHbtY-00203-00082850-00083330 with economics is it's really not a science because people behave randomly.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00204-00083330-00083940 To which as an economist I reply, it is and people do behave partially randomly, but they
z1SUhGwHbtY-00205-00083940-00084350 also partially [00:14:00] behave in predictable ways.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00206-00084350-00085143 When you get lots of humans, like having lots of molecules of the fluid, the individual
z1SUhGwHbtY-00207-00085143-00085515 random behaviors, cancel out.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00208-00085515-00086113 What you start to see more predominantly is the underlying predictable behavior, similarly
z1SUhGwHbtY-00209-00086113-00086277 with the fluids.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00210-00086277-00086890 Yes, I described it as this binary thing of relationships that are either deterministic
z1SUhGwHbtY-00211-00086890-00087288 of stochastic, in [00:14:30] fact there's a continuum.
z1SUhGwHbtY-00212-00087288-00087758 Physical laws tend to fall over here, social science laws tend to fall over here, but there's
z1SUhGwHbtY-00213-00087758-00088137 also a point where we start to overlap depending on how many people you're dealing with.
z2R6tshqf1A-00000-00000567-00001159 The engaged couple are set to make a flying visit to Edinburgh on February 13th
z2R6tshqf1A-00001-00001276-00001820 Pair will learn about organisations in the region and meet with local businesses
z2R6tshqf1A-00002-00001937-00002557 Harry and Meghan are set to tie the knot at St George's Chapel, Windsor, in May
z2R6tshqf1A-00003-00002674-00003542 Prince Harry and Meghan Markle are set to visit Edinburgh the day before Valentine's Day on their first official joint visit to Scotland.
z2R6tshqf1A-00004-00003659-00005143 During their visit next Tuesday, Harry and Meghan will have the opportunity to meet members of the public, learn more about organisations that work in the local community and nationwide, and celebrate youth in the Scottish Year of Young People 2018.
z2R6tshqf1A-00005-00005260-00006492 The couple, who are to wed on May 19, will make their first stop at the Esplanade in front of the iconic Edinburgh Castle, where they will be officially welcomed to the city by the Royal Marines Scotland Band.
z2R6tshqf1A-00006-00006609-00007095 Prince Harry became Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Marines in December.
z2R6tshqf1A-00007-00007212-00008298 Scroll down for video  Inside the Castle at the historic Edinburgh Garrison - which looks out across the city - Harry and Meghan will observe the firing of the One O'clock Gun.
z2R6tshqf1A-00008-00008415-00009112 The tradition of firing a gun started in 1861 to mark time for ships in the Firth of Forth
z2R6tshqf1A-00009-00009229-00010169 Today the British Army fire a 105 millimetre L118 Light Gun, which is the model currently used in operations worldwide.
z2R6tshqf1A-00010-00010286-00011048 The couple will then travel on to Social Bite, a social business and café located in Edinburgh's New Town.
z2R6tshqf1A-00011-00011165-00012613 Social Bite runs social enterprise cafés throughout Scotland and use this platform to distribute 100,000 items of food and hot drinks to homeless people each year, as well as employing staff who have experienced homelessness themselves
z2R6tshqf1A-00012-00012730-00013463 In the café, Harry and Meghan will learn more about the social enterprise, meet staff and tour the kitchen.
z2R6tshqf1A-00013-00013580-00014637 To conclude their visit, the couple will attend a reception at the Palace of Holyroodhouse to celebrate youth achievements, marking Scotland's Year of Young People 2018.
z2R6tshqf1A-00014-00014754-00016049 The Year of Young People is an initiative that aims to inspire Scotland through its young people: celebrating their achievements, strengthening their voice on social issues and creating new opportunities for them to shine.
z2R6tshqf1A-00015-00016166-00016930 Youth representatives from various charities and organisations that work with and for young people across the country will be present.
z2R6tshqf1A-00016-00017047-00017886 The reception will provide an opportunity for them to talk about their aspirations for the Year and the activities that they have been involved in so far.
z2Ss5v86qOg-00000-00001960-00002462 SUBSCRIBE TO MY REACTION CHANNEL 
z421jpuGoN0-00000-00000000-00000200 Sarajevski Golubovi jedu Ćevape na Baščaršiji
z421jpuGoN0-00001-00000200-00000400 Sarajevski Golubovi jedu Ćevape na Baščaršiji
z4qp-WtBhwy-00000-00000000-00000200 Hi travellers, I'm Anne's daughter, Lileko.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00001-00000231-00000696 So I decided to get an Airbnb because they just seem better
z4qp-WtBhwy-00002-00000784-00001128 than the hotels that are available in Wellington.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00003-00001536-00001848 And this is beautiful, look at this lovely sun.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00004-00002032-00002504 After my morning flight here, please check out my flight review with Jetstar.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00005-00002720-00003344 Anyway before I mess this place up, before this chocolate melts, again so much nicer than a hotel.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00006-00003400-00003760 Definitely do look at Airbnb, like this is just a one bedroom.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00007-00003760-00003947 You can see it all here.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00008-00003947-00004432 But as it was pictured this is exactly what it is, it's perfect.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00009-00004496-00004922 Fin heater, that's actually on, very mildly.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00010-00005012-00005224 But it has everything that you need,
z4qp-WtBhwy-00011-00005344-00005601 and it also comes with breakfast this one.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00012-00005601-00005850 Which even the hostels didn't.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00013-00005908-00006287 So for a little bit more in this case but there's so many choices.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00014-00006287-00006650 And look muffin splits, like it's so thoughtful!
z4qp-WtBhwy-00015-00006672-00007784 A Nespresso machine, with actual real Nespresso coffee, and a whole lot of tea.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00016-00008072-00008584 Toaster for me muffin splits, I mean that's beautiful.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00017-00008728-00009072 A pot which means there's a stove somewhere.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00018-00009192-00009669 Surely, oh my god eating fresh milk!
z4qp-WtBhwy-00019-00009669-00010128 Oh my goodness Just Juice, I haven't had Just Juice since
z4qp-WtBhwy-00020-00010256-00010389 isolation actually.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00021-00010440-00010890 This is better than isolation because it has a little microwave.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00022-00011056-00011384 I know Wellington's known for its views, I'm not fussed on it.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00023-00011440-00011863 Also because to get the views you've got to walk up a lot of stairs.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00024-00012024-00012378 Which is tough in a mask I actually took mine off.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00025-00012409-00012660 I'm like I cannot be I'm so unfit.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00026-00013007-00013559 Body wash and some shampoo, like such lovely touches.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00027-00013559-00013688 Extra bedding.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00028-00013866-00014299 Laundry powder oh there's the hot plate.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00029-00014299-00014787 There is an uh laundry that I walked past on the way in the building.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00030-00014787-00015010 Honestly for a few days.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00031-00015295-00015751 Oh Craig's raspberry jam!
z4qp-WtBhwy-00032-00016094-00016387 Also because I booked so late last night
z4qp-WtBhwy-00033-00016400-00016971 so it is really good to have a super host because they reply so quickly.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00034-00016971-00017653 And one thing I completely forgot about Wellington and I must show you because I'm just swapped
z4qp-WtBhwy-00035-00017808-00018235 with my carry-on of these stairs.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00036-00018419-00018801 And I pushed it up there because it's so steep.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00037-00018801-00018997 I'm so built for the flat.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00038-00018997-00019437 I've got the this Airbnb listed in the description box below.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00039-00019437-00020068 I caught the public bus for five dollars and it just dropped me just around.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00040-00020068-00020374 It's also another reason to pack light for Wellington.
z4qp-WtBhwy-00041-00020374-00020648 Right gotta get out and explore Wellington I don't know where I'm going.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00000-00000008-00000596 TRANQUIL MUSIC
z5PaIWB6OlY-00001-00000612-00000852 ANNEMARIE MOL: One message that I tried to bring across,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00002-00000868-00001164 is that there is not just one nature.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00003-00001180-00001560 There are very many repertoires that we have in thinking about nature,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00004-00001576-00001892 but also in ordering and understanding and organising nature.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00005-00001907-00002104 And that it is important in Europe
z5PaIWB6OlY-00006-00002120-00002560 that we do not try to strive after a sort of consensus or coherence,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00007-00002576-00002800 but that we work with those different repertoires.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00008-00002816-00003332 That is not just economics, just ecology, just social anthropology,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00009-00003347-00003704 but that we think through and work through those different repertoires.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00010-00003720-00004280 My second message was that it's not so easy to see what Europe is in this context,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00011-00004296-00004652 because the nature that is relevant to Europe,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00012-00004668-00005084 is not just the nature within the boundaries of the European Union.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00013-00005100-00005380 Because if I eat a banana, it comes from Costa Rica.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00014-00005396-00005896 So the nature that we have here also, or things that we do here
z5PaIWB6OlY-00015-00005912-00006264 affect what happens, in this particular example, in Costa Rica.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00016-00006280-00006980 But also if we have motors here that pollute or that increase CO2,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00017-00006995-00007384 that has global effects. We don't talk about global warming for nothing.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00018-00007400-00007788 So, on the one hand, it's relevant what happens in Europe to Europe,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00019-00007804-00008284 but on the other hand, Europe has a big responsibility as well
z5PaIWB6OlY-00020-00008300-00008624 for how it affects natures across the globe.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00021-00008640-00009012 One of the relevant differences between different repertoires
z5PaIWB6OlY-00022-00009028-00009380 that we have to think with when thinking about natures,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00023-00009396-00009792 is that we can conceive of nature as a collection of creatures,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00024-00009808-00010172 let's say, a bird, a cow, a human being, et cetera and so on,
z5PaIWB6OlY-00025-00010188-00010668 and all these creatures are individuals and are relevant in and of themselves.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00026-00010684-00011240 But we can also understand and approach nature as a set of processes
z5PaIWB6OlY-00027-00011256-00011464 in which one creature depends on the other.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00028-00011480-00011800 Let's say, the human drinks milk of the cow and the cow eats grass
z5PaIWB6OlY-00029-00011816-00012308 and the grass feeds on the excrements of the worms et cetera and so on.
z5PaIWB6OlY-00030-00012324-00012944 Then nature is a process in which the life of all the various creatures
z5PaIWB6OlY-00031-00012960-00013147 that are part of it, depend on each other.
z6vE8jHJJxQ-00000-00000000-00000200 new invention in technology you don't want to miss
z9-esOMwIbQ-00000-00000000-00000295 Welcome to refoorest
z9-esOMwIbQ-00001-00000295-00000577 in this little video I will explain how our service works.
z9-esOMwIbQ-00002-00000577-00001000 refoorest is a service that allows you to plant trees every time
z9-esOMwIbQ-00003-00001000-00001200 you visit the site of one of our partners, who are currently more than 1000.
z9-esOMwIbQ-00004-00001218-00001531 First, you will need to download a small extension on your browser
z9-esOMwIbQ-00005-00001531-00001792 It already works on Chrome, Firefox, Edge and Safari soon
z9-esOMwIbQ-00006-00002154-00002474 As my browser is Chrome, when I go to refoorest site
z9-esOMwIbQ-00007-00002474-00002758 I am offered to add the extension from the chrome store
z9-esOMwIbQ-00008-00002785-00003031 so this is what I'm going to do:
z9-esOMwIbQ-00009-00003068-00003366 I download the extension, and authorize permissions
z9-esOMwIbQ-00010-00003366-00003646 that allow us to detect when you visit the site of a partner.
z9-esOMwIbQ-00011-00003763-00004011 Once the extension is installed, I can see the welcome page,
z9-esOMwIbQ-00012-00004110-00004316 and I also have access to my extension that appears here.
z9-esOMwIbQ-00013-00004510-00004850 From this window you can see the number of trees you already have funded
z9-esOMwIbQ-00014-00004850-00005440 And that (+1) is the little bonus that we reward you after the extension download.
z9-esOMwIbQ-00015-00005454-00005720 and then you can perform other actions to plant more trees:
z9-esOMwIbQ-00016-00005720-00006220 you can leave your email, share on facebook or also go search among our 1000 partners
z9-esOMwIbQ-00017-00006328-00006917 But that's not all, the extension also allows to see who are our partners directly in your favorite search engine
z9-esOMwIbQ-00018-00006917-00007550 it works on Google, Bing, Ecosia but also on DuckDuckGo and Qwant.
z9-esOMwIbQ-00019-00007584-00008080 I use Google, so let's try and search for a small garden table
z9-esOMwIbQ-00020-00008145-00008530 we are going to check if we can see any partners ...
z9-esOMwIbQ-00021-00008610-00009080 here we can find Maison du Monde: see our little refoorest partner bar
z9-esOMwIbQ-00022-00009134-00009361 There is also Concept Usine here
z9-esOMwIbQ-00023-00009645-00009939 I'm going to go click on Maison du Monde
z9-esOMwIbQ-00024-00010063-00010680 And from here, the refoorest bar appears here (at the top) and it allows you to plant a tree in one click
z9-esOMwIbQ-00025-00010684-00011090 This is what I'm going to do:I click on the button, and it auto refresh the page.
z9-esOMwIbQ-00026-00011100-00011680 Then this will update my personal tree counter. Here I just planted my second tree !
z9-esOMwIbQ-00027-00011720-00012250 The best part, you can all do the same by visiting our 1000 partners.
z9-esOMwIbQ-00028-00012250-00012520 I hope you will like it. See you soon !
zsvrf8x-_tc-00000-00000922-00001390 I am Dog, Bok-byeol
zsvrf8x-_tc-00001-00001762-00002225 I'm Dog, Bok-byeol
zsvrf8x-_tc-00002-00002233-00002535 I'm Dog, Bok-byeol
zsvrf8x-_tc-00003-00002535-00002759 I'm a poop dog
zsvrf8x-_tc-00004-00002759-00002964 Yeah~
zsvrf8x-_tc-00005-00002964-00003381 Mom, please change my name. Why is my last name Dog?
zsvrf8x-_tc-00006-00003381-00004125 I'm Dog, Bok-byeol
zsvrf8x-_tc-00007-00004125-00004365 I'm a Bichon
zsvrf8x-_tc-00008-00004365-00004561 Yeah~
zsvrf8x-_tc-00009-00004561-00004791 Mom, the lyrics are not good
zsvrf8x-_tc-00010-00004791-00004991 Why are the lyrics Dog, Bok-byeol?
zsvrf8x-_tc-00011-00004991-00005213 I don't like it. Let's do this again
zsvrf8x-_tc-00012-00005495-00006068 My name is Dog, Bok-byeol
zsvrf8x-_tc-00013-00006068-00006609 Ihihihi~
zsvrf8x-_tc-00014-00006739-00006939 I must get act together
zsvrf8x-_tc-00015-00006988-00007400 I'm Bok-byeol
zsvrf8x-_tc-00016-00007400-00007791 I'm a cool guy
zsvrf8x-_tc-00017-00007791-00008181 I pee a lot
zsvrf8x-_tc-00018-00008181-00008596 That's how I live.
zsvrf8x-_tc-00019-00008600-00008981 Poop next to the toilet
zsvrf8x-_tc-00020-00008981-00009400 Peed next to the toilet
zsvrf8x-_tc-00021-00009400-00009774 I bark when see people,
zsvrf8x-_tc-00022-00009774-00010186 and bite quckly!
zsvrf8x-_tc-00023-00010186-00010586 I think it's out of tune...
zsvrf8x-_tc-00024-00010586-00010987 Why is this song too hard?
zsvrf8x-_tc-00025-00010987-00011400 So funny, let's just laugh. Hahaha
zsvrf8x-_tc-00026-00011429-00011765 I can't song anymore. Let's wrap this up
zsvrf8x-_tc-00027-00011765-00012226 Good bye, everyone!
zsANSROUwqu-00000-00000000-00000400 Namaste to everyone. My name is Mertsana.
zsANSROUwqu-00001-00000459-00000946 This year I completed my 300 hrs Yoga TTC.
zsANSROUwqu-00002-00001011-00001596 in most magic city,  in most strong city of the world
zsANSROUwqu-00003-00001636-00002044 This city is Rishikesh on the banks of Ganges.
zsANSROUwqu-00004-00002116-00002602 For me it's my yoga house and my yoga ashram.
zsANSROUwqu-00005-00002648-00003010 I am thankful to whole world and to all Gods
zsANSROUwqu-00006-00003030-00003452 because they allowed me to be here and received this knowledge.
zsANSROUwqu-00007-00003470-00003756 I am able to say that  for every person looking for himself,
zsANSROUwqu-00008-00003758-00004372 for everyone who needs at least the tiny light at the end of the tunnel
zsANSROUwqu-00009-00004430-00004678 will find it here...
zsANSROUwqu-00010-00004792-00004992 in this building, in this school...
zsANSROUwqu-00011-00004992-00005502 Because here you will get not only simple knowledge that you can find in internet and books.
zsANSROUwqu-00012-00005540-00005988 Here knowledge is passed from teacher to students
zsANSROUwqu-00013-00006040-00006262 without words...
zsANSROUwqu-00014-00006294-00006766 No matter how it sounds  but you will receive it on mental level,
zsANSROUwqu-00015-00006802-00007106 on spiritual and energy level.
zsANSROUwqu-00016-00007120-00007504 These are very important, most sacred knowledge and practices
zsANSROUwqu-00017-00007504-00007854 that you can get here and now.
zsANSROUwqu-00018-00007895-00008380 These practices will open for you yourself and your world.
zsANSROUwqu-00019-00008590-00008928 I can say it based on my experience
zsANSROUwqu-00020-00009120-00009726 that it is most important  and precious moments in life of every person,
zsANSROUwqu-00021-00009800-00010206 of every alive creation that can breath...
zsANSROUwqu-00022-00010422-00010950 And  not so far ago our teachers told us that only breath is real truth of every being
zsANSROUwqu-00023-00011018-00011754 And only breath doesn't have any masks, any ego, principles...
zsANSROUwqu-00024-00011800-00012204 This is what unite us with Universe.
zsANSROUwqu-00025-00012276-00012636 May you breathe true, sincerely and consciously
zsANSROUwqu-00026-00012682-00013128 Come here and you will find  your breath, you will find your life.
zsANSROUwqu-00027-00013163-00013332 Namaste!
ztz4SntREjy-00000-00000093-00000236 WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.
ztz4SntREjy-00001-00000236-00000437 HERE'S WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND YOUR NAVY.
ztz4SntREjy-00002-00000437-00000687 THE FUTURE USS ZUMWALT PULLED INTO NAVAL STATION
ztz4SntREjy-00003-00000687-00000887 NORFOLK FOR A PORT VISIT ON THEIR THREE MONTH
ztz4SntREjy-00004-00000887-00001091 JOURNEY TO IT'S HOMEPORT IN SAN DIEGO.
ztz4SntREjy-00005-00001091-00001398 CREWED BY 147 SAILORS, ZUMWALT IS THE LEAD SHIP
ztz4SntREjy-00006-00001398-00001624 OF THE NEXT-GENERATION MULTI-MISSION DESTROYER
ztz4SntREjy-00007-00001624-00001825 DESIGNED TO STRENGTHEN THE NAVY'S POWER PROJECTION
ztz4SntREjy-00008-00001825-00001925 AND SEA CONTROL.
ztz4SntREjy-00009-00002001-00002212 MEMBERS OF U-S NAVAL HOSPITAL YOKOSUKA WERE
ztz4SntREjy-00010-00002212-00002412 AMONGST THE MANY PARTICIPANTS TO BRAVE THE
ztz4SntREjy-00011-00002412-00002612 INCLEMENT WEATHER TO CONDUCT BIG RESCUE
ztz4SntREjy-00012-00002612-00002746 KANAGAWA 20-16 IN JAPAN.
ztz4SntREjy-00013-00002812-00003013 THE MISSION OF THE EXERCISE IS TO STRENGTHEN
ztz4SntREjy-00014-00003013-00003213 COOPERATION AND TEAMWORK AMONGST PARTICIPATING
ztz4SntREjy-00015-00003213-00003413 MEDICAL TEAMS AND BOLSTER THE RESILIENCE OF LOCAL
ztz4SntREjy-00016-00003413-00003613 COMMUNITIES AGAINST NATURAL DISASTERS.
ztz4SntREjy-00017-00003690-00003933 THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA NAVY ASSISTED THE USS DECATUR
ztz4SntREjy-00018-00003933-00004177 IN AN EMERGENCY MEDICAL EVACUATION OF A SAILOR OFF
ztz4SntREjy-00019-00004177-00004277 THE KOREAN PENINSULA.
ztz4SntREjy-00020-00004334-00004567 DECATUR WAS MORE THAN 100 MILES FROM SHORE AND OUT
ztz4SntREjy-00021-00004567-00004698 OF RANGE OF US AIR ASSETS.
ztz4SntREjy-00022-00004818-00005018 NAVAL FORCES KOREA OFFERED ASSISTANCE,
ztz4SntREjy-00023-00005018-00005218 TRANSPORTING THE SAILOR TO A HOSPITAL TO BE TREATED.
ztz4SntREjy-00024-00005271-00005488 YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND
ztz4SntREjy-00025-00005488-00005962 YOUR NAVY AT NAVY.MIL.
zuAngRTxTHo-00000-00000160-00000364 MUSIC
zuAngRTxTHo-00001-00000364-00000911 I was born and raised in Germany my parents are Italian and so is the rest
zuAngRTxTHo-00002-00000911-00001347 of my family so I grew up in an Italian household and we lived above our
zuAngRTxTHo-00003-00001347-00001932 restaurant it has been there for I think 60 years only Italian food most of the
zuAngRTxTHo-00004-00001932-00002420 people there are Italian so it's kind of like bringing Italy to Germany
zuAngRTxTHo-00005-00002560-00003002 I think it was really nice growing up to kind of be emerged in two different cultures
zuAngRTxTHo-00006-00003002-00003414 because at home it was really everything was Italian and then outside the
zuAngRTxTHo-00007-00003414-00003970 restaurant and outside the house there were only German people
zuAngRTxTHo-00008-00004070-00004674 when I went to kindergarten I could not speak a word in German my mom left and I was hiding
zuAngRTxTHo-00009-00004674-00005025 underneath the table I couldn't speak the language because obviously my
zuAngRTxTHo-00010-00005025-00005451 parents were Italian our friends were Italian so when I went to kindergarten
zuAngRTxTHo-00011-00005451-00005882 it was kind of like oh my god what am I gonna do now but I think it was fine as
zuAngRTxTHo-00012-00005882-00006431 a child you learn pretty quickly so I was seven when I started I just played
zuAngRTxTHo-00013-00006431-00006821 once a week I think for maybe two or three years like it was never really
zuAngRTxTHo-00014-00006821-00007479 something that I did you know on a daily basis when I started
zuAngRTxTHo-00015-00007479-00008098 my dad supported me from the very first day he's the reason why I picked tennis
zuAngRTxTHo-00016-00008098-00008575 over everything else because I was about 13 or 14 when I had to choose some days
zuAngRTxTHo-00017-00008575-00008878 I was playing tennis and then going to soccer practice and it was just getting
zuAngRTxTHo-00018-00008878-00009568 too much it was kind of like a trend in Germany everyone was excited and they
zuAngRTxTHo-00019-00009568-00009853 wanted to come to the US to want, they wanted to play college
zuAngRTxTHo-00020-00009853-00010313 tennis and I didn't know what it was at that time you know I had no idea of the
zuAngRTxTHo-00021-00010313-00010843 system so I kind of started to look into it and I just knew if these girls can go
zuAngRTxTHo-00022-00010843-00011539 over and play I can do it as well no one probably expected Silvia to leave the
zuAngRTxTHo-00023-00011539-00011998 house you know I was very attached through my family especially to my mom
zuAngRTxTHo-00024-00011998-00012470 and I just never really liked to you know experiment and try new things
zuAngRTxTHo-00025-00012470-00012901 because I was always afraid I remember a couple months before I had to come to
zuAngRTxTHo-00026-00012901-00013325 the US I was talking about it with my parents and my sister and I was asking
zuAngRTxTHo-00027-00013325-00013588 them was like so what if I don't want to go anymore
zuAngRTxTHo-00028-00013588-00014134 and they're like no no you are going now there's no going back anymore
zuAngRTxTHo-00029-00014955-00015577 when I came to Purdue and I was kind of like the first time exposed to you know
zuAngRTxTHo-00030-00015577-00016047 a higher level playing against the girls that were top twenty top ten I realized
zuAngRTxTHo-00031-00016047-00016531 that I could be one of those players my goal was when I came to Purdue I wanted
zuAngRTxTHo-00032-00016531-00017250 to make a change I wanted to contribute to the program as you know good as possible
zuAngRTxTHo-00033-00017570-00018115 I worked really hard and I was a little bit sad at first because I had
zuAngRTxTHo-00034-00018115-00018670 good results but you know the rankings there was literally no ranking and I
zuAngRTxTHo-00035-00018670-00019120 felt like I always made it to the top but then I couldn't make you know go one
zuAngRTxTHo-00036-00019120-00019666 more step and then when I came back last fall I was playing well I came back from
zuAngRTxTHo-00037-00019666-00020164 an injury so I didn't quite know how the season would go and then I started and I
zuAngRTxTHo-00038-00020164-00020632 played very well and when the first ranking came out I was 19 I was I mean I
zuAngRTxTHo-00039-00020632-00021250 didn't expect it I was 72 I think preseason it was kind of like gold I
zuAngRTxTHo-00040-00021250-00021790 wanted to make it up there and be ranked as high as the good players in college tennis
zuAngRTxTHo-00041-00022200-00022795 so when my ranking went up and I was number 9 it was I really did not
zuAngRTxTHo-00042-00022795-00023176 expect it I was waiting for the ranking to come out and my dad was faster than
zuAngRTxTHo-00043-00023176-00023614 me obviously and he sent me the screenshot and then my sister it was in
zuAngRTxTHo-00044-00023614-00024183 the family group and she's like wait what is this? and I'm like what is this?
zuAngRTxTHo-00045-00024183-00024736 on one hand I was really happy because that was just showing how much work I
zuAngRTxTHo-00046-00024736-00025201 put into it afterwards I think unconsciously it put a lot of pressure
zuAngRTxTHo-00047-00025201-00025687 on me because going out and playing I was the one that the players were coming
zuAngRTxTHo-00048-00025687-00026185 after and whereas the year before you know I was going after the good players
zuAngRTxTHo-00049-00026185-00026760 I think sometimes I felt like I had to win and I had to prove that I belong in
zuAngRTxTHo-00050-00026760-00027376 the top 10 rankings are really just a number and I know that now but it still
zuAngRTxTHo-00051-00027376-00027829 feels good to see when you're up there and people
zuAngRTxTHo-00052-00027829-00028060 recognize you for what you're doing
zuAngRTxTHo-00053-00028727-00029206 Amina and I, we get along so well on the court, we have a really good connection I
zuAngRTxTHo-00054-00029206-00029622 think that's one of the most important things in doubles to kind of have that
zuAngRTxTHo-00055-00029622-00030489 kind of relationship with your doubles partner I don't think a lot of
zuAngRTxTHo-00056-00030489-00031033 universities have coaches as supportive as ours they would do everything for us
zuAngRTxTHo-00057-00031033-00031462 so I think that's something that for us helps us you know to have a good
zuAngRTxTHo-00058-00031462-00032056 relationship to our coaches to get along to know that they support us and they
zuAngRTxTHo-00059-00032056-00032250 have have our back
zuAngRTxTHo-00060-00032600-00033088 plan A is definitely to go on tour try out and see you know how I do out there
zuAngRTxTHo-00061-00033088-00033637 I already have some tournaments for the summer i you know intend to do it for a
zuAngRTxTHo-00062-00033637-00034200 few years for sure and then decide whether or not i want to continue or not
zuAngRTxTHo-00063-00034200-00035222 MUSIC
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zEP2s7c5HYy-00000-00000017-00000992 So ive been making progress through quests in enkanomiya and all.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00001-00000992-00001587 But the feeling that The Primordial one might not be as they seem is getting to me a lot.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00002-00001587-00002004 And adding to that the actions of Khaenriah and Enkanomiya, especially of Rhine and her
zEP2s7c5HYy-00003-00002004-00002922 Primordial Human Project, and the people who kept the lost books of Enkanomiya’s History.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00004-00002922-00003433 It gets us all closer to what is in celestia or what happened in the cataclysm.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00005-00003433-00004003 But it also feels more and more vague with the additional names, titles, and timelines.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00006-00004003-00004454 Even the riddles and short stories both add to and muddle my previous theories..
zEP2s7c5HYy-00007-00004454-00004743 Hey guys whats up, and welcome to a new theory video.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00008-00004743-00005251 This was supposed to be an assumption of mine from the Albedo Explained series.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00009-00005251-00005842 But now it seems more relevant to talk about it since the release of Enkanomiya and the
zEP2s7c5HYy-00010-00005842-00006063 Primordial one, Phanes is in the picture.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00011-00006063-00006492 As well as the interactions of Enkanomiya and Khaenriah within the evernight region
zEP2s7c5HYy-00012-00006492-00006592 itself.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00013-00006592-00007052 You can start here, or watch the other 2 videos first.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00014-00007052-00007483 I’ll still recap a bit to keep you guys caught up to what I'm talking about so without
zEP2s7c5HYy-00015-00007483-00008031 further ado, let's move onto the video..
zEP2s7c5HYy-00016-00008031-00008640 All we know of Rhine is that: She is gold
zEP2s7c5HYy-00017-00008640-00009179 She made the monsters in the cataclysm She is capable of making sentient beings
zEP2s7c5HYy-00018-00009179-00009483 She has a project called the “primordial Human Project”
zEP2s7c5HYy-00019-00009483-00010088 Lastly, she has the heart of Naberius Putting all those together i dont really think
zEP2s7c5HYy-00020-00010088-00010298 that there's much to think about here.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00021-00010298-00010756 Rhine/Gold was part of the war between Celestia and Khaenriah, which means she has knowledge
zEP2s7c5HYy-00022-00010756-00011227 of what happened prior to that war, and that she lives to this day.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00023-00011227-00011771 Gold is able to create sentient beings that can think for themselves, and be autonomous
zEP2s7c5HYy-00024-00011771-00011871 in nature.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00025-00011871-00012157 But is obedient to Gold’s or Khaenriah’s commands.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00026-00012157-00012639 Her creations being, The Rift hounds/whelps we fight, where i'm sure we’ll meet more
zEP2s7c5HYy-00027-00012639-00012947 variations of these rift creatures down the line.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00028-00012947-00013593 And are classified as Alfisol which translates to leeched basic soil with high native fertility,
zEP2s7c5HYy-00029-00013593-00013994 which means that the materials used to create the wolves, is probably the most abundant
zEP2s7c5HYy-00030-00013994-00014132 resource that Gold had.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00031-00014132-00014640 Durin her masterpiece classified as Humus symbolizing Durin’s rotting aesthetic, and
zEP2s7c5HYy-00032-00014640-00014890 the general characteristic of Humus soils being very dark.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00033-00014890-00015116 And usually taken from decaying matter.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00034-00015116-00015487 Things like dead corpses, manure, plants, trees.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00035-00015487-00015820 Generally anything thats decaying can be classified as Humus soil.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00036-00015820-00016197 Hence Durin’s aesthetic, and his name “the Black Dragon”.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00037-00016197-00016604 Lastly we have Albedo and Primordial Albedo, the fruit of Gold’s Primordial Human Project.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00038-00016604-00016912 Whichever you think is the real albedo, they are still Gold’s Masterpieces.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00039-00016912-00017118 And a very important masterpiece at that.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00040-00017118-00017218 WHy?
zEP2s7c5HYy-00041-00017218-00017590 Because this signifies that Gold can make a Literal human being that's more autonomous
zEP2s7c5HYy-00042-00017590-00017822 than a Raiden Shogun puppet of Ei.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00043-00017822-00018354 And it gives Gold the power to create humans that are tuned specifically to her preferences
zEP2s7c5HYy-00044-00018354-00018454 too.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00045-00018454-00018853 That means she can make the perfect Human being that has no flaws, or weaknesses, and
zEP2s7c5HYy-00046-00018853-00019223 possesses whichever quirky ability she would want it to have.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00047-00019223-00019406 Lastly, The Heart of Naberius.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00048-00019406-00019969 This Heart is still an anomaly because we only know of it from Albedo’s story alone.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00049-00019969-00020687 And taking some context from demonology, Naberius is the marquee of the underworld, responsible
zEP2s7c5HYy-00050-00020687-00021168 for removing the ranks and honors of demons, who was one day allowed to enter the realm
zEP2s7c5HYy-00051-00021168-00021268 of the gods.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00052-00021268-00022215 Whether or not Naberius could take a god’s power and rank we don't really know.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00053-00022215-00023252 Back in my Video where I explained Phanes, I said that when the enkanomiyans 
zEP2s7c5HYy-00054-00023252-00024154 wanted to go back up they were stopped because “the primordial one laid down a ban” preventing
zEP2s7c5HYy-00055-00024154-00024254 them from coming back up.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00056-00024254-00024870 But they never mentioned that they saw the Primordial one place it, or saw Phanes when
zEP2s7c5HYy-00057-00024870-00025055 they were at the entrance.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00058-00025055-00025466 They did say that it was the primordial one that placed it, but they also said that it
zEP2s7c5HYy-00059-00025466-00026056 must have been the primordial one that did it.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00060-00026056-00026588 Meaning that the people of enkanomiya basically assumed that the primordial one beat the second
zEP2s7c5HYy-00061-00026588-00027344 one, and assumed that the ban was placed by the primordial one too.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00062-00027344-00027963 Which opens up the possibility that it might be the second one that placed the “ban”.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00063-00027963-00028343 And that the primordial was beaten by the second one.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00064-00028343-00028788 If that's true or not, then the once great heavens that we see everyday, might already
zEP2s7c5HYy-00065-00028788-00029099 have been commandeered by something we know nothing about.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00066-00029099-00029613 And that for the last unknown amount of years, Teyvat has been controlled by a God that we
zEP2s7c5HYy-00067-00029613-00030025 don't know, and now runs amok and tyranny within the floating abode of Celestia.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00068-00030025-00030603 If this is true, then Gold might have been using the Heart of Naberius to create a certain
zEP2s7c5HYy-00069-00030603-00030820 being, a primordial being..
zEP2s7c5HYy-00070-00030820-00031352 One that can face the usurped throne of the Gods. and one that can free the shackles on
zEP2s7c5HYy-00071-00031352-00031849 humanity from the control and sight of these so-called Gods.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00072-00031849-00032262 Sadly we’ve yet to know about the reasons why the Heart of Naberius is there, and what
zEP2s7c5HYy-00073-00032262-00032427 properties it holds.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00074-00032427-00033631 And we've yet to know if the Gods of Celestia truly are treating humanity in an unfair way.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00075-00033631-00035125 If all I said is true, then the Primordial one might already be dead, and that the second
zEP2s7c5HYy-00076-00035125-00035366 one is on the wheel on celestia.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00077-00035366-00035765 But one thing the second one didn't think about, is that one of the shades was still
zEP2s7c5HYy-00078-00035765-00036012 answering the cries of the enkanomiyans.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00079-00036012-00036588 Which would mean that Istaroth was either told by Phanes to keep the Enkanomiyans from
zEP2s7c5HYy-00080-00036588-00036874 perishing, while they fought the second one.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00081-00036874-00037231 And once the second one beat Phanes and the 3 other shades.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00082-00037231-00037784 It put down that ban on enkanomiya and went to take over teyvat.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00083-00037784-00038253 This theory could explain why The Orobashi forbade the use of the final riddle from the
zEP2s7c5HYy-00084-00038253-00038765 book “in light and shadows'' which would mean that Orobashi was trying to hide the
zEP2s7c5HYy-00085-00038765-00039293 existence of Istaroth from the gods of Celestia, or from the second one who may or may not
zEP2s7c5HYy-00086-00039293-00039419 know about her yet.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00087-00039419-00040025 And Istaroth being able to preserve histories and moments using sinshades and apparitions,
zEP2s7c5HYy-00088-00040025-00040574 and even alternate worlds like the mirror library we walk into means that the Istaroth
zEP2s7c5HYy-00089-00040574-00041219 kept those key books, events, people, and items for someone to find and be able to unfold
zEP2s7c5HYy-00090-00041219-00041809 the real truth of both Enkanomiya, Teyvat, and possibly the truth about Celestia and
zEP2s7c5HYy-00091-00041809-00041909 Khaenriah.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00092-00041909-00042374 Sadly by saving the Enkanomiyans and bringing them up to the surface the Watatsumi Omikami
zEP2s7c5HYy-00093-00042374-00042637 had to be met with a punishment by the heavens.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00094-00042637-00043194 But before he met his fate, it seems he forbade certain things that enkanomiyans knew from
zEP2s7c5HYy-00095-00043194-00043297 spreading to the surface.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00096-00043297-00043878 One of the things he forbade was a children’s riddle about the year.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00097-00043878-00044466 But is supposedly continued by hinting at 12 hours, sixty minutes, and sixty seconds.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00098-00044466-00045183 And once you put all the children and their offspring together you get the whole year.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00099-00045183-00045888 But this riddle mentions the Ookami Tokoyo which i think is the reason why it was forbidden
zEP2s7c5HYy-00100-00045888-00045988 in the first place.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00101-00045988-00046088 If Orobashi forbade the extended riddle because he was their new god, or if he was hiding
zEP2s7c5HYy-00102-00046088-00046188 the god of time from something, we may never know until openly told by mihoyo’s continuation
zEP2s7c5HYy-00103-00046188-00046288 of lore.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00104-00046288-00046656 The book of riddles itself hides multiple conspiracies such as vishaps transforming
zEP2s7c5HYy-00105-00046656-00047243 into humans, the sinshades and how they came to be, and finally the mention of the Tokoyo
zEP2s7c5HYy-00106-00047243-00047733 Ookami and how she is purposefully written to encompass all forms of time.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00107-00047733-00048206 Which would be a cause for alarm especially for a usurper of the Eternal Heavenly Thrones.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00108-00048206-00048650 If the second one found out that Istaroth was one of the4 shades of Phanes, and that
zEP2s7c5HYy-00109-00048650-00049174 she has the power to bring back vital knowledge from the past and bring it with her to the
zEP2s7c5HYy-00110-00049174-00049400 future.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00111-00049400-00049855 It will eventually catch up to the Humans and basically everyone in the surface will
zEP2s7c5HYy-00112-00049855-00050187 find out that the Gods of Celestia today is a lie, and that they were never being protected
zEP2s7c5HYy-00113-00050187-00050626 in the first place but was under a tyrannical rule by a god they thought was the Primordial
zEP2s7c5HYy-00114-00050626-00051112 one.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00115-00051112-00051632 Now again this is all just theory and the primordial could still be alive.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00116-00051632-00052623 But its just too random for Phanes and the 3 shades to suddenly not care about the People
zEP2s7c5HYy-00117-00052623-00053405 that they themselves created.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00118-00053405-00054527 And why of all the other shades, it was the God of Time who was the one who was sent down,
zEP2s7c5HYy-00119-00054527-00054820 or went and helped the Enkanomiyans by herself.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00120-00054820-00055157 The one god who was able to pass down information was the God left to slowly wither and leave
zEP2s7c5HYy-00121-00055157-00055845 her phantasmal shades to pass over crucial information about the old Kingdom mind you,
zEP2s7c5HYy-00122-00055845-00055967 and not just random events.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00123-00055967-00056400 As well as the keeping of certain secrets by the Orobashi.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00124-00056400-00056916 Including human-vishap hybrids, and the God that encompasses all forms of time.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00125-00056916-00057437 Unfortunately were only left to theory and speculation until a new hard fact is dropped
zEP2s7c5HYy-00126-00057437-00057652 upon us by the gods of Mihoyo…
zEP2s7c5HYy-00127-00057652-00057901 And thats also where ill end my ramblings for now.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00128-00057901-00058458 As always comment below what you think about the second heavenly war and why its as vague
zEP2s7c5HYy-00129-00058458-00058558 as it is.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00130-00058558-00058984 Ofcourse do hit the like or dislike if you find this video interesting or not at all
zEP2s7c5HYy-00131-00058984-00059084 i don't mind.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00132-00059084-00059354 And if you did, give my channel a like and sub as well as clicking the bell icon to stay
zEP2s7c5HYy-00133-00059354-00059520 up to date on more of my videos.
zEP2s7c5HYy-00134-00059520-00059862 Thats gonna be it, and ill see you guys in the next one yea?
zEP2s7c5HYy-00135-00059862-00059941 Anyways, bye.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00000-00000000-00000200 Hi, it's Yosuke Awata.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00001-00000200-00000631 I started painting with green and red today!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00002-00002200-00002519 This color combination is used in eye exam.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00003-00002519-00002730 This combination irritates my eyes
zGwEq5jdwx4-00004-00002730-00003299 I started with these colors because they are complementary colors and are very strong.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00005-00003299-00003551 But I won't leave it like this.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00006-00003551-00003722 I'm adding some more!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00007-00004678-00005051 I planed painting a red and green human face
zGwEq5jdwx4-00008-00005051-00005420 with half and half different colors.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00009-00005420-00005840 I don't know it'll be man or woman,
zGwEq5jdwx4-00010-00005840-00006072 so I figure while I paint!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00011-00013192-00013407 Recently, I got a kitten!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00012-00013407-00013930 Cats I used to have appeared on my video because they just came.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00013-00013930-00014372 I won't force my new kittens to be on videos neither,
zGwEq5jdwx4-00014-00014372-00014726 but they might be shown sometimes!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00015-00018258-00018455 I finished!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00016-00018455-00018687 It's called "Priceless"
zGwEq5jdwx4-00017-00018687-00019171 I'm having my solo art show "Priceless" in the August,
zGwEq5jdwx4-00018-00019171-00019484 I'll use it for the fryer image.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00019-00019494-00020336 I named the show title "Priceless" because I really believe money can't buy love or life.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00020-00020390-00020680 I've been holding here for long time!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00021-00020680-00021133 I'll take good care of here because love is priceless!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00022-00021133-00021400 Information for my art show,
zGwEq5jdwx4-00023-00021400-00021806 I posted my website address on information below,
zGwEq5jdwx4-00024-00021806-00022121 so check it out if you are interested.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00025-00022121-00022410 That's it for today.
zGwEq5jdwx4-00026-00022410-00022667 Thank you for watching!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00027-00022667-00023187 If you like this video, please consider subscribing!
zGwEq5jdwx4-00028-00023187-00023549 See you next time! bye bye!!
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zJw4-6k52h0-00000-00000114-00000659 Hi! My name is Nicolas. I am a web accessibility expert and I've been 
zJw4-6k52h0-00001-00000659-00001115 involved in this area for approximately 20 years. I began as
zJw4-6k52h0-00002-00001115-00001677 a developer. I have been active in many Open Source projects, such as Joomla!, for example.
zJw4-6k52h0-00003-00001677-00002623 I work with PHP and JavaScript, and of course I'm confortable with HTML and CSS
zJw4-6k52h0-00004-00002623-00003327 I'm involved with OpenAIR, which is the Accessibility Internet Rally. It's a 
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zJw4-6k52h0-00008-00005031-00005511 it was happening in the same room, but now, it's taking place everywhere in the world.
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zJw4-6k52h0-00027-00016294-00017234 network. And it's possible that your mentor, your judges, or your team mates
zJw4-6k52h0-00028-00017234-00017868 may become future employers or clients for you.
zJw4-6k52h0-00029-00017868-00018330 But above all, it's a lot of fun to take part
zJw4-6k52h0-00030-00018330-00018834 I invite you to go visit the OpenAir website to register for
zJw4-6k52h0-00031-00018834-00019618 the challenge this year, and to take part in this great accessibility adventure, for now, and the future.
zJw4-6k52h0-00032-00019618-00019723 Thank you
zLZSskOHp4I-00000-00001324-00001755 The Geneva Convention remains the essential legal instrument to
zLZSskOHp4I-00001-00001755-00002180 protect the unprotected, those who have lost the protection of their state
zLZSskOHp4I-00002-00002180-00002644 or who cannot claim it and we all need to defend it. A good
zLZSskOHp4I-00003-00002644-00002924 way to measure a country's compliance with human rights
zLZSskOHp4I-00004-00002924-00003236 standards is not just to examine the way it treats its
zLZSskOHp4I-00005-00003236-00003628 nationals, but the way it treats its foreigners and among them
zLZSskOHp4I-00006-00003628-00003908 those, who have lost the protection of their state.
zLZSskOHp4I-00007-00004628-00005220 The convention was passed 70 years ago in July 1951 -
zLZSskOHp4I-00008-00005220-00005644 just a few years after the end of the Second World War.
zLZSskOHp4I-00009-00005644-00005964 The convention is based on the experiences of mass exodus
zLZSskOHp4I-00010-00005964-00006300 and displacement, and also insufficient international
zLZSskOHp4I-00011-00006300-00006576 cooperation for the protection of people in wartimes.
zLZSskOHp4I-00012-00007644-00008131 1. No Contracting State shall expel or return (“refouler”) a refugee in any
zLZSskOHp4I-00013-00008131-00008684 manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom 
zLZSskOHp4I-00014-00008684-00009220 would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality,
zLZSskOHp4I-00015-00009220-00009680 membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
zLZSskOHp4I-00016-00010400-00010908 I just came back from the border. The images that I
zLZSskOHp4I-00017-00010908-00011332 and the citizens of the canton Una-Sana are exposed to,
zLZSskOHp4I-00018-00011332-00011868 especially in Velika Kladuša - they persist in your head.
zLZSskOHp4I-00019-00011868-00012268 So that you cannot think about anything else.
zLZSskOHp4I-00020-00012268-00012876 So that you ask yourself: "Do we live in medieval times
zLZSskOHp4I-00021-00012876-00013536 or do we live in the 21st century?"
zLZSskOHp4I-00022-00013536-00014488 I myself have seen hundreds of times
zLZSskOHp4I-00023-00014488-00015084 in what condition people returned from the border.
zLZSskOHp4I-00024-00015084-00015888 They were beaten brutally, cigarettes were put out
zLZSskOHp4I-00025-00015888-00016780 on their skin, they were bitten by dogs.
zLZSskOHp4I-00026-00017476-00017644 On top of all of that, we have also
zLZSskOHp4I-00027-00017644-00018052 experienced something new which is a pushback, on top of all of
zLZSskOHp4I-00028-00018052-00018408 our experiences. But that is the moment when I personally ask
zLZSskOHp4I-00029-00018408-00018820 myself: What does the convention stand for and why does a country like
zLZSskOHp4I-00030-00018820-00019120 Australia, one of the Western liberal democratic
zLZSskOHp4I-00031-00019120-00019644 countries, start to abolish the the Geneva Convention?
zLZSskOHp4I-00032-00020652-00021188 The Contracting States shall accord to refugees lawfully staying in their
zLZSskOHp4I-00033-00021188-00021600 territory the same treatment with respect to public relief
zLZSskOHp4I-00034-00021600-00022128 and assistance as is accorded to their nationals.
zLZSskOHp4I-00035-00022844-00023260 You only need to look at the condition of refugees in India
zLZSskOHp4I-00036-00023260-00023740 to see that their prospects of protection and naturalization
zLZSskOHp4I-00037-00023740-00024204 are shaped by ad hoc arrangements and, as has been
zLZSskOHp4I-00038-00024204-00024596 quite well aired within the media in recent times, have been
zLZSskOHp4I-00039-00024596-00024880 at times subject to various kinds of discrimination.
zLZSskOHp4I-00040-00024880-00025328 Similarly in Pakistan, the condition of refugees
zLZSskOHp4I-00041-00025328-00025660 is shaped by geopolitical factors.
zLZSskOHp4I-00042-00025660-00026072 So that's why I would say that even at a time where many of the founding
zLZSskOHp4I-00043-00026072-00026548 signatories of the Refugee Convention seem unconvinced of
zLZSskOHp4I-00044-00026548-00027092 its value, South Asia for the benefit of its own people has
zLZSskOHp4I-00045-00027092-00027300 every reason to embrace it.
zLZSskOHp4I-00046-00028108-00028460 Therefore it is important to hold on to the principle
zLZSskOHp4I-00047-00028460-00028792 that all human rights have to apply to all people everywhere -
zLZSskOHp4I-00048-00028792-00029144 namely for people that are considered a burden
zLZSskOHp4I-00049-00029144-00029683 or disagreeable, at least by parts of the population.
zLZSskOHp4I-00050-00029683-00030024 The protection standards apply precisely to these people.
zLZSskOHp4I-00051-00030792-00031112 It is vital and essential that we keep the
zLZSskOHp4I-00052-00031112-00031620 convention alive. So, whatever we do - we must retain our humanity
zLZSskOHp4I-00053-00031620-00032064 which this document helps us to do by keeping it alive.
zNa9dkKTKro-00000-00000610-00001053 The operating expenses budget is based on data from the sales budget.
zNa9dkKTKro-00001-00001053-00001796 We need to know how many units we're going to sell before we what operating expenses we'll have.
zNa9dkKTKro-00002-00001796-00002156 You can see that the operating expense budget 
zNa9dkKTKro-00003-00002156-00002463 is the seventh budget completed in the master budget process
zNa9dkKTKro-00004-00002463-00002993 A common format is to divide operating expenses into two classifications:
zNa9dkKTKro-00005-00002993-00003459 variable operating expenses and fixed operating expenses.
zNa9dkKTKro-00006-00003460-00004029 Recall that variable costs are shown as per unit costs
zNa9dkKTKro-00007-00004029-00004600 where fixed costs are shown in total dollars.
zNa9dkKTKro-00008-00004600-00004993 So here we have an example of an operating budget.
zNa9dkKTKro-00009-00004993-00005609 Although it looks like a lot of items, most of businesses will actually have many more items.
zNa9dkKTKro-00010-00005610-00006166 Let's look at the variable and fix separately say you can see the details a little better.
zNa9dkKTKro-00011-00006166-00006959 The variable operating expenses are usually listed as a per unit charge.
zNa9dkKTKro-00012-00006959-00007409 In this case, we will list the sales units from the sales budget
zNa9dkKTKro-00013-00007409-00007990 Then I assume that sales commissions incurred are $1.00 per unit, 
zNa9dkKTKro-00014-00007990-00008416 and shipping expenses incurred are $2 dollars per unit.
zNa9dkKTKro-00015-00008416-00009266 So the rates, times the sales units given, gives us the total amount of commission and shipping expenses.
zNa9dkKTKro-00016-00009266-00009766 Bad debt expense can be estimated using the percent of sales method.
zNa9dkKTKro-00017-00009766-00010303 In my example, I assume that bad debt expense is 1% of total sales.
zNa9dkKTKro-00018-00010303-00010986 So the rate, times the sales revenue, gives us the total amount of bad debt expense.
zNa9dkKTKro-00019-00010986-00011379 One note to be aware of, a more correct way to do this
zNa9dkKTKro-00020-00011380-00011766 would be to take the bad debt expense rate 
zNa9dkKTKro-00021-00011766-00012339 times the amount of credit sales revenue rather than total sales revenue.
zNa9dkKTKro-00022-00012340-00013076 In my example we haven't broken out cash sales from credit sales yet, but we will.
zNa9dkKTKro-00023-00013076-00013509 If you encounter a problem that uses net credit sales
zNa9dkKTKro-00024-00013510-00013853 then you might not be able to finish this budget
zNa9dkKTKro-00025-00013853-00014169 until you've completed the cash collections budget.
zNa9dkKTKro-00026-00014169-00014990 Our operating expenses are usually just given amounts since they don't vary with sales volume.
zNa9dkKTKro-00027-00014990-00015326 I'f assumed these numbers and listed them here.
zNa9dkKTKro-00028-00015326-00016049 Thus variable operating expenses plus total fixed operating expenses
zNa9dkKTKro-00029-00016050-00016406 equals our total operating expenses.
zNa9dkKTKro-00030-00016406-00016653 So now let's look at how to do this in Excel. 
zNa9dkKTKro-00031-00016653-00016979 Notice the column letters and the row numbers. 
zNa9dkKTKro-00032-00016980-00017396 We will need to reference this as we build this budget in Excel. 
zNa9dkKTKro-00033-00017396-00017873 Here we have both the sales budget and the operating expense budget.
zNa9dkKTKro-00034-00017873-00018083 We start by linking the two budgets together
zNa9dkKTKro-00035-00018083-00018426 by having the sales volume in the operating expenses budget
zNa9dkKTKro-00036-00018426-00018753 link to the same sales in the sales budget.
zNa9dkKTKro-00037-00018753-00019566 And, bad debt expense in the operating a expenses budget is a formula calculation
zNa9dkKTKro-00038-00019566-00019966 using this sales revenues cells in the sales budget.
zNa9dkKTKro-00039-00019966-00020279 {JOKING} Yes, that is a lot of "cells (sales)."
zNa9dkKTKro-00040-00020280-00020696 Additionally, sales commission and shipping expense are formulas,
zNa9dkKTKro-00041-00020696-00021059 using given rates times sales volume.
zNa9dkKTKro-00042-00021060-00021760 Total variable operating expenses, total fixed operating expenses, and total operating expenses
zNa9dkKTKro-00043-00021760-00022023 are formulas as I've shown here.
zNa9dkKTKro-00044-00022023-00022316 Finally, some of the numbers I just assumed, 
zNa9dkKTKro-00045-00022316-00022669 because I want to keep the examples straightforward.
zPYSImgC0vA-00000-00000015-00000469 Did you know that you can sell yourself out of business?
zPYSImgC0vA-00001-00000469-00000844 Did you know that you can have cash in the bank,
zPYSImgC0vA-00002-00000844-00001081 even if you're losing money?
zPYSImgC0vA-00003-00001081-00001751 This video will explain the importance of understanding your business finances
zPYSImgC0vA-00004-00001751-00002116 and how it will help you make sure that you get
zPYSImgC0vA-00005-00002116-00002363 the most out of your business.
zPYSImgC0vA-00006-00002363-00002462 Stay tuned.
zPYSImgC0vA-00007-00002462-00002620 Hi, I'm Doug Barra.
zPYSImgC0vA-00008-00002620-00002738 In this video,
zPYSImgC0vA-00009-00002771-00003133 I will explain what you need to know about finances for
zPYSImgC0vA-00010-00003133-00003236 your business.
zPYSImgC0vA-00011-00003236-00003615 What are those things that make such a difference that it
zPYSImgC0vA-00012-00003615-00004113 could actually have you be completely underwater if you don't understand
zPYSImgC0vA-00013-00004113-00004564 them? The first important thing about business finances is the way
zPYSImgC0vA-00014-00004564-00004732 that you do your pricing.
zPYSImgC0vA-00015-00004732-00005142 Pricing of products and services can make a big difference in
zPYSImgC0vA-00016-00005142-00005472 whether or not your business will be successful.
zPYSImgC0vA-00017-00005472-00005590 Yet, so often,
zPYSImgC0vA-00018-00005590-00006013 when I talk to business owners about their finances,
zPYSImgC0vA-00019-00006013-00006359 they don't understand one simple concept.
zPYSImgC0vA-00020-00006359-00006830 They don't understand that they have to make sure that they
zPYSImgC0vA-00021-00006830-00007253 are making more from what they sell than what it costs
zPYSImgC0vA-00022-00007253-00007368 them. What!?!
zPYSImgC0vA-00023-00007368-00007484 That's crazy!
zPYSImgC0vA-00024-00007484-00007753 You might be thinking: Of course,
zPYSImgC0vA-00025-00007753-00008098 I know that I must make more than I'm paying.
zPYSImgC0vA-00026-00008098-00008243 Here's the thing.
zPYSImgC0vA-00027-00008333-00008903 Business owners often don't properly understand how to calculate what they're
zPYSImgC0vA-00028-00008903-00009362 paying. So they don't actually know that their business is being
zPYSImgC0vA-00029-00009362-00009541 profitable all the time.
zPYSImgC0vA-00030-00009541-00009728 Let me give you an example.
zPYSImgC0vA-00031-00009728-00009991 A client of ours did tours for groups.
zPYSImgC0vA-00032-00009991-00010408 When we were looking at the profitability of the tours with
zPYSImgC0vA-00033-00010408-00010867 them, they were only looking at the overall profitability of all
zPYSImgC0vA-00034-00010867-00011114 the tours during any given period.
zPYSImgC0vA-00035-00011195-00011360 When we drilled down,
zPYSImgC0vA-00036-00011360-00011811 we found two alarming things that made a huge difference in
zPYSImgC0vA-00037-00011811-00011939 their business.
zPYSImgC0vA-00038-00011939-00012417 First, we found some individual tours that did not make money.
zPYSImgC0vA-00039-00012417-00012858 The expenses for that tour were more than they charged for
zPYSImgC0vA-00040-00012858-00012932 the tour.
zPYSImgC0vA-00041-00012932-00013455 Second, we found some individual tours that were not profitable for
zPYSImgC0vA-00042-00013455-00013584 smaller groups.
zPYSImgC0vA-00043-00013584-00014187 Fixing these problems made a huge difference in their profitability overall.
zPYSImgC0vA-00044-00014187-00014500 The thing to get from this story is that you need
zPYSImgC0vA-00045-00014500-00014941 to know the profitability of every single product or service that
zPYSImgC0vA-00046-00014941-00015006 you sell.
zPYSImgC0vA-00047-00015006-00015488 Here's another example where the owner did not properly understand how
zPYSImgC0vA-00048-00015488-00015921 to calculate the profitability of their products and services.
zPYSImgC0vA-00049-00015921-00016403 This owner had a business selling and installing high-end audio visual
zPYSImgC0vA-00050-00016403-00016604 and home automation systems.
zPYSImgC0vA-00051-00016604-00017029 He was struggling with always needing to sell another system to
zPYSImgC0vA-00052-00017029-00017294 finish paying for the previous system.
zPYSImgC0vA-00053-00017360-00017698 He thought it was just that he was always ahead of
zPYSImgC0vA-00054-00017698-00017791 the billing.
zPYSImgC0vA-00055-00017791-00018070 Unfortunately, when we looked into it,
zPYSImgC0vA-00056-00018070-00018484 he was pricing by adding a competitive markup to the actual
zPYSImgC0vA-00057-00018484-00018797 equipment costs to cover the installation.
zPYSImgC0vA-00058-00018797-00019287 What he wasn't figuring into that equation was when the installation
zPYSImgC0vA-00059-00019287-00019371 went wrong,
zPYSImgC0vA-00060-00019371-00019430 you see,
zPYSImgC0vA-00061-00019430-00019794 he often had to send his technicians out two or three
zPYSImgC0vA-00062-00019794-00020064 times to get the installation right.
zPYSImgC0vA-00063-00020064-00020527 So the costs were significantly higher than he thought.
zPYSImgC0vA-00064-00020527-00020911 You have to really look at the full costs of your
zPYSImgC0vA-00065-00020911-00021079 product or service.
zPYSImgC0vA-00066-00021079-00021394 This has to include things like labor,
zPYSImgC0vA-00067-00021394-00021768 commissions, even credit card service fees.
zPYSImgC0vA-00068-00021768-00022212 I don't want us to confuse overhead or fixed costs with
zPYSImgC0vA-00069-00022212-00022626 the cost associated with our product or services.
zPYSImgC0vA-00070-00022626-00023187 The costs associated with your product or service are anything that
zPYSImgC0vA-00071-00023187-00023607 you would not pay if you didn't make a sale.
zPYSImgC0vA-00072-00023607-00023701 Now, all you,
zPYSImgC0vA-00073-00023701-00024026 Accounting majors or bookkeepers out there,
zPYSImgC0vA-00074-00024026-00024419 I do understand that this is not how accounting looks at
zPYSImgC0vA-00075-00024419-00024547 the cost of goods.
zPYSImgC0vA-00076-00024547-00024941 For those of you that don't understand what I just said,
zPYSImgC0vA-00077-00024941-00025018 ignore it.
zPYSImgC0vA-00078-00025018-00025163 As an entrepreneur,
zPYSImgC0vA-00079-00025163-00025548 we want to know the cost of sales because it's critical
zPYSImgC0vA-00080-00025548-00025788 in understanding our breakeven.
zPYSImgC0vA-00081-00025788-00026010 Now don't glaze over on me here!
zPYSImgC0vA-00082-00026085-00026281 I know I'm getting deep,
zPYSImgC0vA-00083-00026281-00026535 but the effort will be worth it.
zPYSImgC0vA-00084-00026535-00026623 I promise.
zPYSImgC0vA-00085-00026623-00026838 So I mentioned breakeven.
zPYSImgC0vA-00086-00026838-00027230 Let me take a moment and explain what that means.
zPYSImgC0vA-00087-00027230-00027416 In the simplest terms,
zPYSImgC0vA-00088-00027416-00027758 it means how much you have to sell to pay all
zPYSImgC0vA-00089-00027758-00027885 your expenses.
zPYSImgC0vA-00090-00027885-00028158 Now, your first thought might be,
zPYSImgC0vA-00091-00028158-00028520 I have to sell the same amount as my expenses.
zPYSImgC0vA-00092-00028650-00029200 This is another place where entrepreneurs get caught because the correct
zPYSImgC0vA-00093-00029200-00029483 answer is more complicated than that.
zPYSImgC0vA-00094-00029483-00029883 This is why we have to split overhead or fixed expenses
zPYSImgC0vA-00095-00029883-00030052 from the cost of sales.
zPYSImgC0vA-00096-00030052-00030114 You see,
zPYSImgC0vA-00097-00030114-00030407 your overheads stay basically steady,
zPYSImgC0vA-00098-00030407-00030824 but your cost of sales is directly related to your sales.
zPYSImgC0vA-00099-00030824-00031143 Here's another example of a client of mine.
zPYSImgC0vA-00100-00031143-00031241 In this case,
zPYSImgC0vA-00101-00031241-00031773 they were examining an offer for marketing from an advertising agency.
zPYSImgC0vA-00102-00031869-00032233 The first proposal was too expensive for them,
zPYSImgC0vA-00103-00032233-00032514 and the agency wanted the business.
zPYSImgC0vA-00104-00032514-00032991 So they offered a percentage of the business they brought in.
zPYSImgC0vA-00105-00032991-00033281 They said we'll take a sliding scale,
zPYSImgC0vA-00106-00033281-00033683 starting at 20% and reducing to 8% as our sales grow,
zPYSImgC0vA-00107-00033683-00034001 all you have to pay for is the ad spend plus
zPYSImgC0vA-00108-00034001-00034225 $500 to offset our expenses.
zPYSImgC0vA-00109-00034225-00034506 You might think this is a good offer.
zPYSImgC0vA-00110-00034581-00034938 Luckily, my client understands their numbers.
zPYSImgC0vA-00111-00035004-00035508 They know that their cost of sales before the advertisers is
zPYSImgC0vA-00112-00035517-00035768 84% of their revenues.
zPYSImgC0vA-00113-00035840-00036131 That only leaves them 16% to pay their bills.
zPYSImgC0vA-00114-00036197-00036440 If they pay 20% to the advertisers,
zPYSImgC0vA-00115-00036467-00036761 they don't have anything left over to pay for the ad
zPYSImgC0vA-00116-00036761-00036956 spend or the extra 500,
zPYSImgC0vA-00117-00036986-00037208 not to mention the rest of their expenses.
zPYSImgC0vA-00118-00037304-00037613 Even if my client were to foot the bill until the
zPYSImgC0vA-00119-00037613-00037850 agency got to the point of the 8%,
zPYSImgC0vA-00120-00037901-00038259 the return on ad spend would have to be on the
zPYSImgC0vA-00121-00038259-00038647 order of 15 times for my client to make any money
zPYSImgC0vA-00122-00038647-00038707 at all.
zPYSImgC0vA-00123-00038707-00038856 In this scenario,
zPYSImgC0vA-00124-00038856-00039294 the only people that would make money are the agency.
zPYSImgC0vA-00125-00039294-00039583 I hope you see how critical this is.
zPYSImgC0vA-00126-00039583-00039951 This is just a small sample of what we cover in
zPYSImgC0vA-00127-00039951-00040538 the Master Business Growth workshop that will be occurring next week,
zPYSImgC0vA-00128-00040595-00041004 click the link to secure your spot in this powerful program.
zPYSImgC0vA-00129-00041004-00041430 The best thing is that the workshop is absolutely free because
zPYSImgC0vA-00130-00041430-00041872 I am committed to bring the possibility of a successful business
zPYSImgC0vA-00131-00041872-00041962 to everyone.
zPYSImgC0vA-00132-00041962-00042322 I'd love to know what value you got from today's video
zPYSImgC0vA-00133-00042322-00042511 or what questions you have.
zPYSImgC0vA-00134-00042511-00042642 Leave me a comment.
zPYSImgC0vA-00135-00042642-00042953 I look forward to reading what you have to say.
zPYSImgC0vA-00136-00042953-00043231 Please take a moment and like this video,
zPYSImgC0vA-00137-00043231-00043493 and subscribe to our YouTube channel.
zPYSImgC0vA-00138-00043559-00043697 Be sure to click the bell,
zPYSImgC0vA-00139-00043697-00044039 to get all notifications so that you don't miss a single
zPYSImgC0vA-00140-00044039-00044135 one of our videos.
zPYSImgC0vA-00141-00044204-00044270 Once again,
zPYSImgC0vA-00142-00044276-00044363 I'm Doug Barra.
zPYSImgC0vA-00143-00044384-00044513 And now it's your turn.
zPYSImgC0vA-00144-00044552-00044645 Click the link,
zPYSImgC0vA-00145-00044666-00044807 get yourself registered,
zPYSImgC0vA-00146-00044822-00045083 and I'll see you In our next video.
zSxznaXApky-00000-00000126-00000696 in this video I would like to explain to you how your sense of rhythm is going to
zSxznaXApky-00001-00000696-00001074 help you to become an effortless entrepreneur.
zSxznaXApky-00002-00001074-00001583 Everything in life has its own rhythm: your body has different rhythms like 
zSxznaXApky-00003-00001583-00002130 your heartbeat and your breath and your breathing.
zSxznaXApky-00004-00002130-00002816 But also things in nature have its own rhythm, for example, the seasons
zSxznaXApky-00005-00002922-00003386 the day and the night and the ebb and the flow.
zSxznaXApky-00006-00003386-00004104 So using these rhythms will help you to make things more effortless.
zSxznaXApky-00007-00004104-00004548 And also in your business, there is a certain rhythm. There's a
zSxznaXApky-00008-00004548-00004836 certain rhythm in everything that you do in the business.
zSxznaXApky-00009-00004836-00005370 So the relationship with your clients has a rhythm, your marketing has a rhythm,
zSxznaXApky-00010-00005370-00006107 your finances have a rhythm, your daily routine has a rhythm.
zSxznaXApky-00011-00006107-00006792 And if you are aware of these rhythms, and use the rhythms in your favor, 
zSxznaXApky-00012-00006792-00007236 things become much easier and you get more done in less time.
zSxznaXApky-00013-00007236-00007800 See it as like, if you swim against the tide, it takes a lot of energy
zSxznaXApky-00014-00007800-00008484 And if you swim with the tide, it helps you to go forward and it gives you extra
zSxznaXApky-00015-00008484-00008934 power and the same is true for the rhythms in your business. 
zSxznaXApky-00016-00008934-00009396 My advice is to sense, to connect with the rhythms in
zSxznaXApky-00017-00009396-00009732 your business and then follow these rhythms. 
zSxznaXApky-00018-00009732-00010493 So, for example, you can use your the metaphor of breathing, for example, for
zSxznaXApky-00019-00010493-00011142 your marketing.  Does your marketing require and an in-breath, 
zSxznaXApky-00020-00011142-00011825 action, going outward? Or does it require an out breath and relax and becoming
zSxznaXApky-00021-00011825-00012186 more quiet? What about the relationship with a
zSxznaXApky-00022-00012186-00012665 certain client. Does it require more action in breath or
zSxznaXApky-00023-00012665-00013184 *sighs* you have to do nothing
zSxznaXApky-00024-00013184-00013680 And it can even be stronger like the in-breath could be like do you need to
zSxznaXApky-00025-00013680-00014108 create something, something new, or do you need to
zSxznaXApky-00026-00014108-00014550 destroy something to to let go of something?
zSxznaXApky-00027-00014550-00014952 And if you're able to sense these rhythms in different parts of your
zSxznaXApky-00028-00014952-00015481 business and follow them then you will have so much more
zSxznaXApky-00029-00015481-00016044 momentum and can use so much more force or natural force to create
zSxznaXApky-00030-00016044-00016440 things and to create the dreams that you
zSxznaXApky-00031-00016440-00016728 envision so I wish you a lot of rhythm in your
zSxznaXApky-00032-00016728-00017234 business and a lot of dancing with this rhythm. Enjoy it!
zTpT_RRtHfu-00001-00000200-00000400 music  /musicoterapia /  relajación/
zUyEDMa0g7I-00000-00000000-00002750 [purring]
zUyEDMa0g7I-00001-00002800-00002856 [trill]
zVLiBwQb0cU-00000-00000317-00000609 Ain't lookin for drama, promiseI'm not gonna compete
zVLiBwQb0cU-00001-00000609-00000903 So keep on movin 'cause you got nothing on me
zVLiBwQb0cU-00002-00000903-00001243 What you know about karma, Oh I heard she ain't so sweet
zVLiBwQb0cU-00003-00001243-00001299 (yeah so sweet)
zVLiBwQb0cU-00004-00001299-00001564 Get your self out of the club, If you can't take the heat
zVLiBwQb0cU-00005-00001564-00001633 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00006-00001633-00002666 ♫ Music ♫
zVLiBwQb0cU-00007-00002666-00002820 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00008-00002820-00003942 ♫ Music ♫
zVLiBwQb0cU-00009-00003942-00004133 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00010-00004133-00004461 I ain't lookin' for enemies, but I ain't playin' nice
zVLiBwQb0cU-00011-00004461-00004768 The way you testing me and look me in the eyes
zVLiBwQb0cU-00012-00004800-00005125 Want some of my own candy, I love to see you try
zVLiBwQb0cU-00013-00005125-00005414 Ain't nothing real about the way you look tonight
zVLiBwQb0cU-00014-00005414-00005711 'Cause I know in the morning, You'll be wakin' up all alone
zVLiBwQb0cU-00015-00005711-00006024 Posing all over your story, with nothing to hold but your phone
zVLiBwQb0cU-00016-00006024-00006186 You got it bad
zVLiBwQb0cU-00017-00006186-00006331 All over your head
zVLiBwQb0cU-00018-00006331-00006496 Are you upset
zVLiBwQb0cU-00019-00006496-00006692 Ohhh uh...
zVLiBwQb0cU-00020-00006692-00006742 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00021-00006742-00009289 ♪ Vocal Lead with music playing ♪
zVLiBwQb0cU-00022-00009657-00009839 (Peng Eang Remix)
zVLiBwQb0cU-00023-00009920-00010078 You think that you cool, but you ain't got a crown
zVLiBwQb0cU-00024-00010078-00010233 Be watchin' and learning 'cause I show you how
zVLiBwQb0cU-00025-00010233-00010313 Lookin at me 
zVLiBwQb0cU-00026-00010313-00010401 like you want my man
zVLiBwQb0cU-00027-00010716-00010880 You think that you cool, but you ain't got a crown
zVLiBwQb0cU-00028-00010880-00011080 Be watchin' and learning 'cause I show you how
zVLiBwQb0cU-00029-00014083-00014369 I ain't lookin' for enemies, but I ain't playin' nice
zVLiBwQb0cU-00030-00014388-00014698 The way you testing me and look me in the eyes
zVLiBwQb0cU-00031-00014717-00015020 Want some of my own candy, I love to see you try
zVLiBwQb0cU-00032-00015046-00015321 Ain't nothing real about the way you look tonight
zVLiBwQb0cU-00033-00015321-00015627 'Cause I know in the morning, You'll be wakin' up all alone
zVLiBwQb0cU-00034-00015627-00015947 Posing all over your story, with nothing to hold but your phone
zVLiBwQb0cU-00035-00015947-00016102 You got it bad
zVLiBwQb0cU-00036-00016102-00016249 All over your head
zVLiBwQb0cU-00037-00016249-00016411 Are you upset
zVLiBwQb0cU-00038-00016411-00016613 Ohhh uh...
zVLiBwQb0cU-00039-00016753-00016860 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00040-00017380-00017475 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00041-00017475-00017707 I am Peng Eang in this music remix
zVLiBwQb0cU-00042-00017707-00018008 And thanks you guys for listening my music
zVLiBwQb0cU-00043-00018008-00018125 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00044-00018673-00018764 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00045-00019366-00019704 I ain't lookin' for enemies, but I ain't playin' nice
zVLiBwQb0cU-00046-00019704-00019967 The way you testing me and look me in the eyes
zVLiBwQb0cU-00047-00019992-00020320 Want some of my own candy, I love to see you try
zVLiBwQb0cU-00048-00020320-00020601 Ain't nothing real about the way you look tonight
zVLiBwQb0cU-00049-00020601-00020908 'Cause I know in the morning, You'll be wakin' up all alone
zVLiBwQb0cU-00050-00020908-00021232 Posing all over your story, with nothing to hold but your phone
zVLiBwQb0cU-00051-00021232-00021388 You got it bad
zVLiBwQb0cU-00052-00021388-00021522 All over your head
zVLiBwQb0cU-00053-00021522-00021693 Are you upset
zVLiBwQb0cU-00054-00021693-00021912 Ohhh uh...
zVLiBwQb0cU-00055-00022046-00022143 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00056-00022340-00022425 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00057-00022676-00022758 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00058-00023006-00023075 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00059-00023323-00023404 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00060-00023647-00023720 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00061-00023965-00024043 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00062-00024291-00024368 What the f*ck
zVLiBwQb0cU-00063-00024657-00025927 ♫ Music Playing ♫
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00000-00000000-00000842 Start recording hello welcome to this site Karlos Santiago and this is Piggy or revenge of peppa pig
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00001-00000858-00001302 in person in the version of Granny Damn
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00002-00001408-00001728 (NOISE SCREAMS)
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00003-00001755-00001850 We're doing Chapter 1
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00005-00001900-00002162 We're doing Chapter 1
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00006-00002162-00002356 Adv. Is with me today
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00007-00002412-00002462 Hello
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00008-00002510-00002750 We're doing Chapter 1
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00009-00002798-00003052 the first three episodes in a row
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00010-00003052-00003346 maybe fourth one yet
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00011-00003346-00003544 We're doing Chapter 1
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00012-00003711-00003811 BOT
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00013-00003888-00003988 BOT
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00014-00004026-00004444 OF course, OLIVIER ADV OLIVIEROWSKI
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00015-00004444-00004632 because everyone knows his real name
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00016-00004642-00004854 BUT WE WILL USE ADV
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00017-00005022-00005072 AAAA
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00018-00005140-00005378 everybody loves this game
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00019-00005710-00006020 Viewers I guess they like me more but I have no idea
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00022-00006806-00007426 Don't ask how many times you've tried to make this chapter yes twice
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00023-00007473-00007684 no I think 100
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00024-00007684-00007959 (humming)
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00025-00007959-00008278 BECAUSE I FLEE ALL THE TIME AND KARLOS COULD FALL THIS
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00026-00008320-00008578 It's about the purple key
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00027-00008672-00008768 I have a purple key
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00028-00008770-00008942 and you know what that means (in the background) (you have a purple guy)
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00029-00008972-00009388 (MUSIC)
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00030-00009388-00009482 COPYRIGHT
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00031-00009506-00010232 (MUSIC)
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00032-00010238-00010576 (MUSIC)
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00038-00011850-00012130 I LOCKED YOUR DOOR STUCK
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00039-00012132-00012600 I WILL NOT DOOR CLOSED ON MY FACES
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00040-00012600-00012890 WHERE IS PIGGY
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00041-00012890-00012978 I HAVE A FRENCH AND GOLD KEY
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00042-00012982-00013208 SHOW
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00043-00013316-00013436 YOU MUST GIVE UP TO THE DOOR
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00044-00013450-00013602 AND THERE ON THE TOP BUT WE HAVE NO PLANK
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00045-00013728-00013896 BUT I HAVE ALREADY PUT THE PLANK
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00046-00013896-00014016 BUT I CAN'T ESCAPE FROM PIGGY
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00047-00014018-00014228 I'll take it on myself
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00048-00014432-00014966 THANKS, YOU ARE SO DOOR STUCK
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00049-00015288-00015528 I CLOSED YOUR DOOR ON THE FACE AND SAID DOOR STUCK
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00050-00015658-00016058 I SEE THAT YOU HAVE ALREADY OPENED THIS DOOR WITH THESE KEYS WHERE IS PIGGY
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00051-00016169-00016504 COMES DOWN TO YOU
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00052-00016572-00016900 AND HE COME BACK FOR ME
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00053-00016900-00017144 THIS IS WHERE I CAN GO NOW
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00054-00017208-00017380 I DO NOT KNOW
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00056-00018004-00018512 I HAVE A HAMMER HOW YOU WANT GUN, I INVITE YOU TO THE CELLAR
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00057-00018530-00018962 I AM IN A BASEMENT BUT DON'T GO HERE BECAUSE PIGGY WILL COME HERE
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00058-00018980-00019156 OPEN IT
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00059-00019458-00019620 HERE WILL BE A SAFE, I WILL HAVE TO OPEN IT
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00060-00019732-00019838 YES OPEN IT
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00061-00019894-00019994 I TAKE GUN
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00065-00021584-00021854 SO DEFINITELY WE NEED ONLY THE WHITE KEY
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00082-00026222-00026532 I OPEN THE ORANGE DOOR
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00099-00031918-00032188 I WANT TO HAVE A WHITE KEY
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00103-00032980-00033144 FIRST CHAPTER COMPLETED
zY9OXRE1Kw4-00105-00033596-00034062 KARLOS SANTIAGO SPEAKED TO YOU AND I SAY SEE YOU, HELLO
zYuPgmEQr1E-00000-00000010-00000263 WITH AJ FELDMAN.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00001-00000263-00000270 WITH AJ FELDMAN.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00002-00000270-00000363 WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> DENNIS: BRAINERD GIRLS TENNIS
zYuPgmEQr1E-00003-00000363-00000370 WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> DENNIS: BRAINERD GIRLS TENNIS  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00004-00000370-00000583 WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> DENNIS: BRAINERD GIRLS TENNIS OFF TO A HOT START THIS YEAR,
zYuPgmEQr1E-00005-00000583-00000590 >> DENNIS: BRAINERD GIRLS TENNIS OFF TO A HOT START THIS YEAR,  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00006-00000590-00000717 >> DENNIS: BRAINERD GIRLS TENNIS OFF TO A HOT START THIS YEAR, STARTING OFF 9 AND 0.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00007-00000717-00000724 OFF TO A HOT START THIS YEAR, STARTING OFF 9 AND 0.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00008-00000724-00000844 OFF TO A HOT START THIS YEAR, STARTING OFF 9 AND 0. BUT THE BEMIDJI SQUAD CAME TO
zYuPgmEQr1E-00009-00000844-00000850 STARTING OFF 9 AND 0. BUT THE BEMIDJI SQUAD CAME TO  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00010-00000850-00000984 STARTING OFF 9 AND 0. BUT THE BEMIDJI SQUAD CAME TO TOWN TODAY LOOKING TO CHANGE ALL
zYuPgmEQr1E-00011-00000984-00000990 BUT THE BEMIDJI SQUAD CAME TO TOWN TODAY LOOKING TO CHANGE ALL  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00012-00000990-00001167 BUT THE BEMIDJI SQUAD CAME TO TOWN TODAY LOOKING TO CHANGE ALL OF THAT.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00013-00001167-00001174 TOWN TODAY LOOKING TO CHANGE ALL OF THAT.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00014-00001174-00001371 TOWN TODAY LOOKING TO CHANGE ALL OF THAT. IN THE NO. 1 SINGLES TODAY, IT
zYuPgmEQr1E-00015-00001371-00001378 OF THAT. IN THE NO. 1 SINGLES TODAY, IT  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00016-00001378-00001501 OF THAT. IN THE NO. 1 SINGLES TODAY, IT WAS BRITTANY FLETCHER FOR
zYuPgmEQr1E-00017-00001501-00001508 IN THE NO. 1 SINGLES TODAY, IT WAS BRITTANY FLETCHER FOR  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00018-00001508-00001628 IN THE NO. 1 SINGLES TODAY, IT WAS BRITTANY FLETCHER FOR BRAINERD TAKING ON SAVANNAH
zYuPgmEQr1E-00019-00001628-00001634 WAS BRITTANY FLETCHER FOR BRAINERD TAKING ON SAVANNAH  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00020-00001634-00001735 WAS BRITTANY FLETCHER FOR BRAINERD TAKING ON SAVANNAH HAUGEN FROM BEMIDJI.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00021-00001735-00001741 BRAINERD TAKING ON SAVANNAH HAUGEN FROM BEMIDJI.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00022-00001741-00002115 BRAINERD TAKING ON SAVANNAH HAUGEN FROM BEMIDJI. THIS WILL BE THE JACKS LONE
zYuPgmEQr1E-00023-00002115-00002122 HAUGEN FROM BEMIDJI. THIS WILL BE THE JACKS LONE  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00024-00002122-00002258 HAUGEN FROM BEMIDJI. THIS WILL BE THE JACKS LONE BRIGHT SPOT FOR THE DAY.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00025-00002258-00002265 THIS WILL BE THE JACKS LONE BRIGHT SPOT FOR THE DAY.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00026-00002265-00002405 THIS WILL BE THE JACKS LONE BRIGHT SPOT FOR THE DAY. SHE WOULD WIN THE MATCH IN THREE
zYuPgmEQr1E-00027-00002405-00002412 BRIGHT SPOT FOR THE DAY. SHE WOULD WIN THE MATCH IN THREE  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00028-00002412-00002452 BRIGHT SPOT FOR THE DAY. SHE WOULD WIN THE MATCH IN THREE SETS.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00029-00002452-00002459 SHE WOULD WIN THE MATCH IN THREE SETS.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00030-00002459-00002609 SHE WOULD WIN THE MATCH IN THREE SETS. NO. 1 DOUBLES, A CLOSE OPENING
zYuPgmEQr1E-00031-00002609-00002615 SETS. NO. 1 DOUBLES, A CLOSE OPENING  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00032-00002615-00002926 SETS. NO. 1 DOUBLES, A CLOSE OPENING SET, BUT TAYA PERSON HAD GREAT
zYuPgmEQr1E-00033-00002926-00002932 NO. 1 DOUBLES, A CLOSE OPENING SET, BUT TAYA PERSON HAD GREAT  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00034-00002932-00003032 NO. 1 DOUBLES, A CLOSE OPENING SET, BUT TAYA PERSON HAD GREAT REFLEXES UP FRONT AND SECURED
zYuPgmEQr1E-00035-00003032-00003039 SET, BUT TAYA PERSON HAD GREAT REFLEXES UP FRONT AND SECURED  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00036-00003039-00003089 SET, BUT TAYA PERSON HAD GREAT REFLEXES UP FRONT AND SECURED THE WIN.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00037-00003089-00003096 REFLEXES UP FRONT AND SECURED THE WIN.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00038-00003096-00003423 REFLEXES UP FRONT AND SECURED THE WIN. THEY WOULD WIN FIRST DOUBLES IN
zYuPgmEQr1E-00039-00003423-00003429 THE WIN. THEY WOULD WIN FIRST DOUBLES IN  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00040-00003429-00003523 THE WIN. THEY WOULD WIN FIRST DOUBLES IN STRAIGHT SETS.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00041-00003523-00003530 THEY WOULD WIN FIRST DOUBLES IN STRAIGHT SETS.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00042-00003530-00003727 THEY WOULD WIN FIRST DOUBLES IN STRAIGHT SETS. SECOND SINGLES ALSO WENT
zYuPgmEQr1E-00043-00003727-00003733 STRAIGHT SETS. SECOND SINGLES ALSO WENT  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00044-00003733-00003870 STRAIGHT SETS. SECOND SINGLES ALSO WENT BRAINERD'S WAY AFTER THE LONG
zYuPgmEQr1E-00045-00003870-00003877 SECOND SINGLES ALSO WENT BRAINERD'S WAY AFTER THE LONG  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00046-00003877-00004147 SECOND SINGLES ALSO WENT BRAINERD'S WAY AFTER THE LONG RALLY TO HIT IT INTO THE NET.
zYuPgmEQr1E-00047-00004147-00004154 BRAINERD'S WAY AFTER THE LONG RALLY TO HIT IT INTO THE NET.  
zYuPgmEQr1E-00048-00004154-00004431 BRAINERD'S WAY AFTER THE LONG RALLY TO HIT IT INTO THE NET. KURTZMAN TAKES FIRST SET 6 TO
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00000-00000010-00000256 UNIVERSITIES.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00001-00000256-00000263 UNIVERSITIES.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00002-00000263-00000410 UNIVERSITIES. SINCE THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00003-00000410-00000417 UNIVERSITIES. SINCE THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00004-00000417-00000483 UNIVERSITIES. SINCE THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES ANNOUNCED THAT THE SUMMER WATER
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00005-00000483-00000490 SINCE THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES ANNOUNCED THAT THE SUMMER WATER  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00006-00000490-00000650 SINCE THE BEMIDJI JAYCEES ANNOUNCED THAT THE SUMMER WATER CARNIVAL WOULD BE DOWNTOWN THIS
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00007-00000650-00000657 ANNOUNCED THAT THE SUMMER WATER CARNIVAL WOULD BE DOWNTOWN THIS  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00008-00000657-00000720 ANNOUNCED THAT THE SUMMER WATER CARNIVAL WOULD BE DOWNTOWN THIS YEAR, THE GROUP HAS RECEIVED
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00009-00000720-00000727 CARNIVAL WOULD BE DOWNTOWN THIS YEAR, THE GROUP HAS RECEIVED  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00010-00000727-00000857 CARNIVAL WOULD BE DOWNTOWN THIS YEAR, THE GROUP HAS RECEIVED SOME BACKLASH.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00011-00000857-00000864 YEAR, THE GROUP HAS RECEIVED SOME BACKLASH.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00012-00000864-00001144 YEAR, THE GROUP HAS RECEIVED SOME BACKLASH. AS REPORTER MAL MEYER EXPLAINS,
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00013-00001144-00001151 SOME BACKLASH. AS REPORTER MAL MEYER EXPLAINS,  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00014-00001151-00001317 SOME BACKLASH. AS REPORTER MAL MEYER EXPLAINS, SOME AREA BUSINESSES ARE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00015-00001317-00001324 AS REPORTER MAL MEYER EXPLAINS, SOME AREA BUSINESSES ARE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00016-00001324-00001484 AS REPORTER MAL MEYER EXPLAINS, SOME AREA BUSINESSES ARE CONCERNED ABOUT PARKING AND WHAT
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00017-00001484-00001491 SOME AREA BUSINESSES ARE CONCERNED ABOUT PARKING AND WHAT  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00018-00001491-00001558 SOME AREA BUSINESSES ARE CONCERNED ABOUT PARKING AND WHAT THE BLOCKED OFF STREETS COULD
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00019-00001558-00001564 CONCERNED ABOUT PARKING AND WHAT THE BLOCKED OFF STREETS COULD  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00020-00001564-00001948 CONCERNED ABOUT PARKING AND WHAT THE BLOCKED OFF STREETS COULD MEAN IN THE AREA.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00021-00001948-00001955 THE BLOCKED OFF STREETS COULD MEAN IN THE AREA.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00022-00001955-00002098 THE BLOCKED OFF STREETS COULD MEAN IN THE AREA. >> CITY MANAGER NATE MATTHEWS
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00023-00002098-00002105 MEAN IN THE AREA. >> CITY MANAGER NATE MATTHEWS  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00024-00002105-00002399 MEAN IN THE AREA. >> CITY MANAGER NATE MATTHEWS SAID THAT WHEN THE JAYCEES FIRST
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00025-00002399-00002405 >> CITY MANAGER NATE MATTHEWS SAID THAT WHEN THE JAYCEES FIRST  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00026-00002405-00002605 >> CITY MANAGER NATE MATTHEWS SAID THAT WHEN THE JAYCEES FIRST MOVED THE CARNIVAL TO THE EVENT
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00027-00002605-00002612 SAID THAT WHEN THE JAYCEES FIRST MOVED THE CARNIVAL TO THE EVENT  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00028-00002612-00002842 SAID THAT WHEN THE JAYCEES FIRST MOVED THE CARNIVAL TO THE EVENT CENTER IN 2015, MANY BUSINESSES
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00029-00002842-00002849 MOVED THE CARNIVAL TO THE EVENT CENTER IN 2015, MANY BUSINESSES  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00030-00002849-00003043 MOVED THE CARNIVAL TO THE EVENT CENTER IN 2015, MANY BUSINESSES COMPLAINED ABOUT THE CHANGE IN
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00031-00003043-00003049 CENTER IN 2015, MANY BUSINESSES COMPLAINED ABOUT THE CHANGE IN  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00032-00003049-00003079 CENTER IN 2015, MANY BUSINESSES COMPLAINED ABOUT THE CHANGE IN LOCATION.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00033-00003079-00003086 COMPLAINED ABOUT THE CHANGE IN LOCATION.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00034-00003086-00003193 COMPLAINED ABOUT THE CHANGE IN LOCATION. >> NOW THAT THERE'S A PLAN TO
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00035-00003193-00003199 LOCATION. >> NOW THAT THERE'S A PLAN TO  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00036-00003199-00003339 LOCATION. >> NOW THAT THERE'S A PLAN TO MOVE IT BACK, SOME OF THE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00037-00003339-00003346 >> NOW THAT THERE'S A PLAN TO MOVE IT BACK, SOME OF THE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00038-00003346-00003543 >> NOW THAT THERE'S A PLAN TO MOVE IT BACK, SOME OF THE DOWNTOWN BUSINESSES AS WELL ARE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00039-00003543-00003550 MOVE IT BACK, SOME OF THE DOWNTOWN BUSINESSES AS WELL ARE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00040-00003550-00003720 MOVE IT BACK, SOME OF THE DOWNTOWN BUSINESSES AS WELL ARE UPSET IT'S GOING TO CONGEST THE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00041-00003720-00003727 DOWNTOWN BUSINESSES AS WELL ARE UPSET IT'S GOING TO CONGEST THE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00042-00003727-00003893 DOWNTOWN BUSINESSES AS WELL ARE UPSET IT'S GOING TO CONGEST THE AREA TO THE POINT WHERE BUSINESS
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00043-00003893-00003900 UPSET IT'S GOING TO CONGEST THE AREA TO THE POINT WHERE BUSINESS  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00044-00003900-00004160 UPSET IT'S GOING TO CONGEST THE AREA TO THE POINT WHERE BUSINESS WILL BE HANDICAPPED FOR THEM.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00045-00004160-00004167 AREA TO THE POINT WHERE BUSINESS WILL BE HANDICAPPED FOR THEM.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00046-00004167-00004304 AREA TO THE POINT WHERE BUSINESS WILL BE HANDICAPPED FOR THEM. >> WE REACHED OUT TO SOME OF THE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00047-00004304-00004310 WILL BE HANDICAPPED FOR THEM. >> WE REACHED OUT TO SOME OF THE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00048-00004310-00004491 WILL BE HANDICAPPED FOR THEM. >> WE REACHED OUT TO SOME OF THE BUSINESS OWNERS WHO EXPRESSED
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00049-00004491-00004497 >> WE REACHED OUT TO SOME OF THE BUSINESS OWNERS WHO EXPRESSED  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00050-00004497-00004614 >> WE REACHED OUT TO SOME OF THE BUSINESS OWNERS WHO EXPRESSED CONCERNS BUT NONE OF THEM WANTED
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00051-00004614-00004621 BUSINESS OWNERS WHO EXPRESSED CONCERNS BUT NONE OF THEM WANTED  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00052-00004621-00004741 BUSINESS OWNERS WHO EXPRESSED CONCERNS BUT NONE OF THEM WANTED TO BE ON CAMERA.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00053-00004741-00004748 CONCERNS BUT NONE OF THEM WANTED TO BE ON CAMERA.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00054-00004748-00004908 CONCERNS BUT NONE OF THEM WANTED TO BE ON CAMERA. ONE OF THE STORE MANAGERS TOLD
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00055-00004908-00004914 TO BE ON CAMERA. ONE OF THE STORE MANAGERS TOLD  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00056-00004914-00005065 TO BE ON CAMERA. ONE OF THE STORE MANAGERS TOLD LAKELAND NEWS THEY DIDN'T KNOW
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00057-00005065-00005071 ONE OF THE STORE MANAGERS TOLD LAKELAND NEWS THEY DIDN'T KNOW  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00058-00005071-00005185 ONE OF THE STORE MANAGERS TOLD LAKELAND NEWS THEY DIDN'T KNOW WHERE THEIR EMPLOYEES WOULD BE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00059-00005185-00005191 LAKELAND NEWS THEY DIDN'T KNOW WHERE THEIR EMPLOYEES WOULD BE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00060-00005191-00005395 LAKELAND NEWS THEY DIDN'T KNOW WHERE THEIR EMPLOYEES WOULD BE ABLE TO PARK AND HOW THEY COULD
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00061-00005395-00005402 WHERE THEIR EMPLOYEES WOULD BE ABLE TO PARK AND HOW THEY COULD  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00062-00005402-00005562 WHERE THEIR EMPLOYEES WOULD BE ABLE TO PARK AND HOW THEY COULD GET IN AND OUT FOR DELIVERIES.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00063-00005562-00005568 ABLE TO PARK AND HOW THEY COULD GET IN AND OUT FOR DELIVERIES.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00064-00005568-00005698 ABLE TO PARK AND HOW THEY COULD GET IN AND OUT FOR DELIVERIES. THEY RECEIVED THE FEEDBACK AND
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00065-00005698-00005705 GET IN AND OUT FOR DELIVERIES. THEY RECEIVED THE FEEDBACK AND  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00066-00005705-00005825 GET IN AND OUT FOR DELIVERIES. THEY RECEIVED THE FEEDBACK AND LOOKING TO MAKE THE BEST
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00067-00005825-00005832 THEY RECEIVED THE FEEDBACK AND LOOKING TO MAKE THE BEST  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00068-00005832-00005945 THEY RECEIVED THE FEEDBACK AND LOOKING TO MAKE THE BEST DECISION FOR EVERYONE.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00069-00005945-00005952 LOOKING TO MAKE THE BEST DECISION FOR EVERYONE.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00070-00005952-00006122 LOOKING TO MAKE THE BEST DECISION FOR EVERYONE. >> AND MOST OF THE FEEDBACK HAS
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00071-00006122-00006129 DECISION FOR EVERYONE. >> AND MOST OF THE FEEDBACK HAS  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00072-00006129-00006196 DECISION FOR EVERYONE. >> AND MOST OF THE FEEDBACK HAS BEEN POSITIVE.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00073-00006196-00006202 >> AND MOST OF THE FEEDBACK HAS BEEN POSITIVE.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00074-00006202-00006359 >> AND MOST OF THE FEEDBACK HAS BEEN POSITIVE. A LOT OF BUSINESSES ARE REALLY
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00075-00006359-00006366 BEEN POSITIVE. A LOT OF BUSINESSES ARE REALLY  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00076-00006366-00006443 BEEN POSITIVE. A LOT OF BUSINESSES ARE REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THE MOVE.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00077-00006443-00006449 A LOT OF BUSINESSES ARE REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THE MOVE.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00078-00006449-00006616 A LOT OF BUSINESSES ARE REALLY EXCITED ABOUT THE MOVE. THERE ARE A FEW THAT AREN'T SO
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00079-00006616-00006623 EXCITED ABOUT THE MOVE. THERE ARE A FEW THAT AREN'T SO  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00080-00006623-00006746 EXCITED ABOUT THE MOVE. THERE ARE A FEW THAT AREN'T SO HAPPY AND WE ARE TRYING TO DO
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00081-00006746-00006753 THERE ARE A FEW THAT AREN'T SO HAPPY AND WE ARE TRYING TO DO  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00082-00006753-00006916 THERE ARE A FEW THAT AREN'T SO HAPPY AND WE ARE TRYING TO DO WHAT WE CAN TO ACCOMMODATE THEM.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00083-00006916-00006923 HAPPY AND WE ARE TRYING TO DO WHAT WE CAN TO ACCOMMODATE THEM.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00084-00006923-00007087 HAPPY AND WE ARE TRYING TO DO WHAT WE CAN TO ACCOMMODATE THEM. >> THE CITY AND JAYCEES ARE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00085-00007087-00007093 WHAT WE CAN TO ACCOMMODATE THEM. >> THE CITY AND JAYCEES ARE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00086-00007093-00007200 WHAT WE CAN TO ACCOMMODATE THEM. >> THE CITY AND JAYCEES ARE WORKING WITH THE DOWNTOWN
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00087-00007200-00007207 >> THE CITY AND JAYCEES ARE WORKING WITH THE DOWNTOWN  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00088-00007207-00007337 >> THE CITY AND JAYCEES ARE WORKING WITH THE DOWNTOWN BUSINESS ALLIANCE TO DETERMINE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00089-00007337-00007343 WORKING WITH THE DOWNTOWN BUSINESS ALLIANCE TO DETERMINE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00090-00007343-00007497 WORKING WITH THE DOWNTOWN BUSINESS ALLIANCE TO DETERMINE WHAT PEOPLE ARE LOOKING FOR.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00091-00007497-00007504 BUSINESS ALLIANCE TO DETERMINE WHAT PEOPLE ARE LOOKING FOR.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00092-00007504-00007624 BUSINESS ALLIANCE TO DETERMINE WHAT PEOPLE ARE LOOKING FOR. >> THEY WANT IT BACK IN THE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00093-00007624-00007630 WHAT PEOPLE ARE LOOKING FOR. >> THEY WANT IT BACK IN THE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00094-00007630-00007784 WHAT PEOPLE ARE LOOKING FOR. >> THEY WANT IT BACK IN THE DOWNTOWN AREA, AND THIS IS THE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00095-00007784-00007791 >> THEY WANT IT BACK IN THE DOWNTOWN AREA, AND THIS IS THE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00096-00007791-00007861 >> THEY WANT IT BACK IN THE DOWNTOWN AREA, AND THIS IS THE BEST VIABLE OPTION.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00097-00007861-00007867 DOWNTOWN AREA, AND THIS IS THE BEST VIABLE OPTION.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00098-00007867-00008148 DOWNTOWN AREA, AND THIS IS THE BEST VIABLE OPTION. WHERE ELSE COULD WE DO IT.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00099-00008148-00008154 BEST VIABLE OPTION. WHERE ELSE COULD WE DO IT.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00100-00008154-00008418 BEST VIABLE OPTION. WHERE ELSE COULD WE DO IT. >> THEY SENT OUT A SURVEY TO
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00101-00008418-00008425 WHERE ELSE COULD WE DO IT. >> THEY SENT OUT A SURVEY TO  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00102-00008425-00008671 WHERE ELSE COULD WE DO IT. >> THEY SENT OUT A SURVEY TO GATHER PERSPECTIVES ON THE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00103-00008671-00008678 >> THEY SENT OUT A SURVEY TO GATHER PERSPECTIVES ON THE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00104-00008678-00008738 >> THEY SENT OUT A SURVEY TO GATHER PERSPECTIVES ON THE ISSUE.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00105-00008738-00008745 GATHER PERSPECTIVES ON THE ISSUE.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00106-00008745-00008858 GATHER PERSPECTIVES ON THE ISSUE. >> WE DOLLY PARTON WANT TO
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00107-00008858-00008865 ISSUE. >> WE DOLLY PARTON WANT TO  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00108-00008865-00009032 ISSUE. >> WE DOLLY PARTON WANT TO CREATE ANY PROBLEMS, AND IF WE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00109-00009032-00009039 >> WE DOLLY PARTON WANT TO CREATE ANY PROBLEMS, AND IF WE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00110-00009039-00009219 >> WE DOLLY PARTON WANT TO CREATE ANY PROBLEMS, AND IF WE ARE, WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IT.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00111-00009219-00009225 CREATE ANY PROBLEMS, AND IF WE ARE, WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IT.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00112-00009225-00009419 CREATE ANY PROBLEMS, AND IF WE ARE, WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IT. >> IF PEOPLE HAVE CONCERNS THAT
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00113-00009419-00009426 ARE, WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IT. >> IF PEOPLE HAVE CONCERNS THAT  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00114-00009426-00009616 ARE, WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IT. >> IF PEOPLE HAVE CONCERNS THAT THEY SHOULD CONTACT HIM OR THEIR
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00115-00009616-00009622 >> IF PEOPLE HAVE CONCERNS THAT THEY SHOULD CONTACT HIM OR THEIR  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00116-00009622-00009696 >> IF PEOPLE HAVE CONCERNS THAT THEY SHOULD CONTACT HIM OR THEIR CITY COUNCIL MEMBER.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00117-00009696-00009703 THEY SHOULD CONTACT HIM OR THEIR CITY COUNCIL MEMBER.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00118-00009703-00009869 THEY SHOULD CONTACT HIM OR THEIR CITY COUNCIL MEMBER. >> AS A CITY WE WANT TO DO
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00119-00009869-00009876 CITY COUNCIL MEMBER. >> AS A CITY WE WANT TO DO  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00120-00009876-00010046 CITY COUNCIL MEMBER. >> AS A CITY WE WANT TO DO WHAT'S BEST FOR THE COMMUNITY.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00121-00010046-00010053 >> AS A CITY WE WANT TO DO WHAT'S BEST FOR THE COMMUNITY.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00122-00010053-00010316 >> AS A CITY WE WANT TO DO WHAT'S BEST FOR THE COMMUNITY. WE AS A CITY HERE FROM THE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00123-00010316-00010323 WHAT'S BEST FOR THE COMMUNITY. WE AS A CITY HERE FROM THE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00124-00010323-00010497 WHAT'S BEST FOR THE COMMUNITY. WE AS A CITY HERE FROM THE COMMUNITY THAT THEY WOULD LIKE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00125-00010497-00010503 WE AS A CITY HERE FROM THE COMMUNITY THAT THEY WOULD LIKE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00126-00010503-00010690 WE AS A CITY HERE FROM THE COMMUNITY THAT THEY WOULD LIKE THE WATER CARNIVAL DOWNTOWN, WE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00127-00010690-00010697 COMMUNITY THAT THEY WOULD LIKE THE WATER CARNIVAL DOWNTOWN, WE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00128-00010697-00010754 COMMUNITY THAT THEY WOULD LIKE THE WATER CARNIVAL DOWNTOWN, WE WOULD AGREE.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00129-00010754-00010760 THE WATER CARNIVAL DOWNTOWN, WE WOULD AGREE.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00130-00010760-00011000 THE WATER CARNIVAL DOWNTOWN, WE WOULD AGREE. >> IN BEMIDJI, I'M MALL MEYER,
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00131-00011000-00011007 WOULD AGREE. >> IN BEMIDJI, I'M MALL MEYER,  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00132-00011007-00011197 WOULD AGREE. >> IN BEMIDJI, I'M MALL MEYER, LAKELAND NEWS.
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00133-00011197-00011204 >> IN BEMIDJI, I'M MALL MEYER, LAKELAND NEWS.  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00134-00011204-00011271 >> IN BEMIDJI, I'M MALL MEYER, LAKELAND NEWS. THE JAYCEES SAY THAT THEY WILL
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00135-00011271-00011277 LAKELAND NEWS. THE JAYCEES SAY THAT THEY WILL  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00136-00011277-00011337 LAKELAND NEWS. THE JAYCEES SAY THAT THEY WILL WAIT FOR THE SURVEY RESULTS
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00137-00011337-00011344 THE JAYCEES SAY THAT THEY WILL WAIT FOR THE SURVEY RESULTS  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00138-00011344-00011408 THE JAYCEES SAY THAT THEY WILL WAIT FOR THE SURVEY RESULTS BEFORE MAKING ANY CHANGES THE
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00139-00011408-00011414 WAIT FOR THE SURVEY RESULTS BEFORE MAKING ANY CHANGES THE  
zZWMLIYVLKQ-00140-00011414-00011451 WAIT FOR THE SURVEY RESULTS BEFORE MAKING ANY CHANGES THE THE CARNIVAL LOCATION.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00000-00002665-00003165 Peel Island is a small, possibly malignant tumour growing 7km off the coast of Brisbane.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00001-00003165-00003379 Its symptoms often include boredom and leprosy.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00002-00003379-00003678 I came here looking for a cure.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00003-00003678-00004103 Cradled gently in the bosom of the boat were the essentials I figured I might need on Peel:
zhlRm9qjDNk-00004-00004103-00004655 some beer, a dog with a questionable personality, and a sunny attitude that was forecast to
zhlRm9qjDNk-00005-00004655-00004747 last all day.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00006-00004891-00005259 While the tranquil beauty of Horseshoe Bay may catch your eye immediately, the welcome
zhlRm9qjDNk-00007-00005259-00005665 party of eager, hungry mosquitoes heaves you back from the mirage of a tropical island
zhlRm9qjDNk-00008-00005665-00006179 paradise and catapults you into the vexatious quagmire of reality on a Moreton Bay island.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00009-00006179-00006600 This is the place of your dreams, if your dream is of a swampy island filled with mosquitoes.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00010-00006831-00007297 It was high time for a post-arrival beer, because I figured if I stayed drunk, I wouldn’t
zhlRm9qjDNk-00011-00007297-00007419 notice the mosquitoes as much.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00012-00007590-00008017 A bit of the ol’ slip slop and slap, and I was off for a wander to suss out the dirty
zhlRm9qjDNk-00013-00008017-00008120 entrails of Peel Island.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00014-00008120-00008553 I brought with me a sense of adventure, a bottle of water, and three important questions:
zhlRm9qjDNk-00015-00008553-00008653 1.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00016-00008653-00008753 Why is it so hot?
zhlRm9qjDNk-00017-00008753-00008853 2.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00018-00008853-00008953 Should I have brought more beer?
zhlRm9qjDNk-00019-00008953-00009053 3.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00020-00009053-00009203 I hope leprosy isn’t contagious.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00021-00009203-00009552 The loud buzz of flying insects coming from behind the trees didnt deter me.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00022-00009552-00009800 I pushed on in search of the truth.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00023-00010887-00011365 Today the island is mostly used as a breeding ground for horseflies, but it has had a few
zhlRm9qjDNk-00024-00011365-00011565 different uses in the past.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00025-00011565-00012152 Between 1907 and 1959, this island operated as a leper colony, as government policy at
zhlRm9qjDNk-00026-00012152-00012536 the time dictated that if you dump shit that you don’t want on a remote island, the problem
zhlRm9qjDNk-00027-00012536-00012934 goes away forever and everything will be fine.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00028-00012934-00013450 Patients would come here by boat to be held indefinitely, isolated from society by a 7km
zhlRm9qjDNk-00029-00013450-00013790 strait of misery and despair.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00030-00013790-00014197 After a woman named Phyllis Ebbage contracted the disease, she was held on the island for
zhlRm9qjDNk-00031-00014197-00014403 12 years and 8 months.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00032-00014403-00014865 Phyllis was subjected to a great deal of experiments involving novel drugs, and was held for years
zhlRm9qjDNk-00033-00014865-00015187 even after she began testing negative for the leprosy.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00034-00015187-00015737 She described the island as terrible, dreadful and primitive - her words, not mine..
zhlRm9qjDNk-00035-00015737-00016103 Conditions were harsh throughout its existence, and boredom was such an issue that the patients
zhlRm9qjDNk-00036-00016103-00016481 had apparently become known on the mainland for their rampant alcoholism.Years later,
zhlRm9qjDNk-00037-00016481-00016987 after its closure, scientists would determine that the strain of leprosy these people had
zhlRm9qjDNk-00038-00016987-00017226 wasn’t even contagious.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00039-00017226-00017626 Just like me, they suffered unnecessarily at the hands of their mosquito overlords.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00040-00017626-00018198 The weather was starting to look a bit grim, I thought I’d better high-tail it back to
zhlRm9qjDNk-00041-00018198-00018729 the campsite before it started raining bloody meat pies and kangaroos.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00042-00019624-00019824 And now, a poem .
zhlRm9qjDNk-00043-00019970-00020334 And so as the clouds becameth dark with ang'r
zhlRm9qjDNk-00044-00020334-00020591 and the windeth didst bloweth with f'rocity
zhlRm9qjDNk-00045-00020591-00020956 And bestowed upon me the depressed shuffle of a leper
zhlRm9qjDNk-00046-00020966-00021278 As I did drag mine own feet backeth to camp
zhlRm9qjDNk-00047-00021318-00021567 and as i wand'r'd and pond'r'd
zhlRm9qjDNk-00048-00021567-00021900 And the clouds hath continued to leer
zhlRm9qjDNk-00049-00021909-00022140 if 't be true this island wast a ship
zhlRm9qjDNk-00050-00022140-00022435 th're'd beest nay one on board to ste'r
zhlRm9qjDNk-00051-00022533-00022854 I set up a makeshift lean-to using the cover for my boat.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00052-00022854-00023381 I may have been furious at the Bureau of Meteorology but at least the mosquitoes are gone now.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00053-00023381-00023752 The rain seemed to have kept them at bay, at least for a little while.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00054-00023752-00024059 Just like Travis, it always seemed to be raining on me.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00055-00024059-00024452 I was the ant, and god was the storm trying to flood my burrow.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00056-00024452-00024840 Avalon seemed to be furious that I would so recklessly endanger her welfare by bringing
zhlRm9qjDNk-00057-00024840-00025112 her to an abandoned island in the middle of a light shower.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00058-00025414-00025773 After the clouds buggered off, the mercury started to climb.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00059-00025773-00026085 It almost seemed as though the island had ceased trying to give me AIDS and instead
zhlRm9qjDNk-00060-00026085-00026406 decided to try to drown me in moist, soupy air.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00061-00026406-00026733 Nevertheless, I had a secret weapon at my behest that would prove quite mighty in the
zhlRm9qjDNk-00062-00026733-00026923 fight to address this sweaty mess.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00063-00026923-00027323 The most tried, tested and guaranteed effective alternative medicine in the world.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00064-00027323-00027422 Beer.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00065-00027852-00028275 I tried to give Avalon some water but she rejected me, so I turned my attention to the
zhlRm9qjDNk-00066-00028275-00028375 dogs in the ocean.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00067-00028375-00028745 I decided to get the jig up the thing and whack out a flipper line.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00068-00028745-00028931 Time to bust up a flatty hole.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00069-00030974-00031392 I wandered out toward the shoreline, but I didn’t realise how fucking far away the
zhlRm9qjDNk-00070-00031392-00031748 shoreline actually was, and the rocks were starting to hurt my feet.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00071-00031748-00031981 I turned around to find a better path.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00072-00032914-00033403 The crabs scuttled frenetically, unperturbed by the hole in the ozone layer that seemed
zhlRm9qjDNk-00073-00033403-00033869 to be focussed directly above my head. Maybe the crabs’ shells weren’t only good protection
zhlRm9qjDNk-00074-00033869-00034154 from mosquitoes but also served as a hat for their whole bodies,
zhlRm9qjDNk-00075-00034154-00034261 I pondered.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00076-00034809-00035033 It was time to throw in a line.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00077-00035033-00035325 Avalon watched on in silence, judging me as usual.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00078-00035325-00035632 I didn’t care that she didn’t think of me as a good fisherman – she doesn’t even
zhlRm9qjDNk-00079-00035632-00035778 have thumbs.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00080-00036333-00036716 I found out quickly that getting your line stuck on a rock makes it very difficult to
zhlRm9qjDNk-00081-00036716-00036863 fish.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00082-00036863-00037265 I wandered out into the foot-deep water, got the lure out of the rock, and decided to throw
zhlRm9qjDNk-00083-00037265-00037560 down all my chips and cast again from where I stood.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00084-00038059-00038159 For fuck’s sake.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00085-00038159-00038259 Snagged again.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00086-00038259-00038618 I shouldn’t have bothered to fish here but impatience got the better of me.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00087-00038618-00038965 And so just like dad taught me, I punctuated my failure with the only thing that would
zhlRm9qjDNk-00088-00038965-00039243 help – an ice cold no-brand beer.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00089-00039243-00039343 Yum.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00090-00039551-00039792 And then it got too hot, so I went back to camp.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00091-00042686-00043200 As soon as we returned, Avalon promptly set about trying to bury the boat, ostensibly
zhlRm9qjDNk-00092-00043200-00043493 as a means to punish me for being a shit fisherman.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00093-00043493-00043746 I ignored Avalon’s futile attempt at sabotage.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00094-00043746-00044290 I sat back, and as the hours passed and the sun dipped low, I realised that the less visible
zhlRm9qjDNk-00095-00044290-00044549 the island was, the more pleasant it became.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00096-00044765-00045144 Avalon and I played her favourite game: fetch the stick but it’s my stick and you can
zhlRm9qjDNk-00097-00045144-00045418 fuck right off if you think you're getting it back.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00098-00045703-00045919 I had a crack at fishing one more time.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00099-00045919-00046083 This time I caught some seaweed.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00100-00046083-00046506 Since I didn’t catch any fish or rice, it looked like sushi seasoned with a dash of
zhlRm9qjDNk-00101-00046506-00046777 disappointment was all that was going to be on the menu that night.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00102-00047008-00047447 The sound of cicadas and mosquitoes filled the air as the passing ferries became fewer
zhlRm9qjDNk-00103-00047447-00047547 and fewer.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00104-00047547-00048003 The boats in the harbour bobbed gently back and forth as I ate my fishless dinner.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00105-00048003-00048537 As soon as the sun set, I went to bed, because I had nothing better to do.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00106-00048537-00049153 As I listened to the waves caress Peel’s moist shoreline, I fell into a deep sleep.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00107-00050295-00050800 A dog – we’ll call him Gary – was wandering home one day with a steak in his mouth.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00108-00050800-00051252 As he crossed a bridge over a creek, Gary looked down into the water and noticed another
zhlRm9qjDNk-00109-00051252-00051352 dog.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00110-00051352-00051713 “Shit, that dog looks like me,” Gary mused.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00111-00051713-00052029 “I absolutely must have his steak as well.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00112-00052029-00052288 Two steaks are always better than one!”
zhlRm9qjDNk-00113-00052288-00052735 And so with one fell swoop, he lunged for the other dog’s steak, but to Gary’s horror
zhlRm9qjDNk-00114-00052735-00052999 his own steak dropped into the water.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00115-00052999-00053558 Gary sat solemnly on the bridge and wept, his only steak lost forever.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00116-00053684-00054269 As Avalon barbed me with one more act of spite, I reflected on my short time on the island.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00117-00054269-00054640 In summary, it’s an unpleasant swamp with a dubious history of forced internment.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00118-00054640-00055032 It’s filled with mosquitoes, there’s a long drop that I forgot to visit, and I thought
zhlRm9qjDNk-00119-00055032-00055460 I heard Rolf Harris’ wobble board echoing quietly in the distance as I slept.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00120-00055460-00055840 Despite my legitimate and well founded fear that my dog was going to try to drown me,
zhlRm9qjDNk-00121-00055840-00056109 I still felt it was time to leave.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00122-00056109-00056521 Historically, Peel Island seems to have been a trading place for human suffering, and apparently
zhlRm9qjDNk-00123-00056521-00056699 that hasn’t changed much.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00124-00056699-00057087 And then I thought of the dog and his reflection.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00125-00057087-00057361 Here, I was the dog, and my home my steak.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00126-00057361-00057836 I thought Peel Island would beat my meat for a night, but I was left longing for more.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00127-00057867-00058200 With retrospect, it would appear that the only cure for this tumour was getting the
zhlRm9qjDNk-00128-00058200-00058300 hell away from it.
zhlRm9qjDNk-00129-00058300-00058866 If you’re looking to go somewhere disease-free after your covid lockdown, I have five words
zhlRm9qjDNk-00130-00058866-00058932 for you: don’t go to Peel Island.
zhMb_4IogKo-00000-00000000-00000050 Dero thanksgiving for the village of BOLO, october 26,2019.part 2. With dj Akram Sinukun.
zhMb_4IogKo-00001-00000050-00000100 Dero thanksgiving for the village of BOLO, october 26,2019.part 2. With dj Akram Sinukun.
zhMb_4IogKo-00002-00000100-00000164 Dero thanksgiving for the village of BOLO, october 26,2019.part 2. With dj Akram Sinukun.
zhMb_4IogKo-00003-00008270-00008370 Dero thanksgiving for the village of BOLO, october 26,2019.part 2. With dj Akram Sinukun.
zhMb_4IogKo-00004-00013636-00013698 Dero thanksgiving for the village of BOLO, october 26,2019.part 2. With dj Akram Sinukun.
zhMb_4IogKo-00005-00013698-00013748 Dero thanksgiving for the village of BOLO, october 26,2019.part 2. With dj Akram Sinukun.
zhMb_4IogKo-00006-00013748-00013798 Feat voc : Diana Labotan  and Eda
zhMb_4IogKo-00007-00013798-00013848 Feat  voc : Diana Labotan and Eda
zhMb_4IogKo-00008-00013848-00013898 Feat voc : Diana Labotan  and Eda
zhMb_4IogKo-00009-00013898-00013982 Feat voc : Diana Labotan  and Eda
zhMb_4IogKo-00010-00013982-00014134 Feat voc : Diana Labotan  and Eda
zhMb_4IogKo-00011-00014134-00014184 Feat voc : Diana Labotan  and Eda
zj8lVu-wph4-00000-00000013-00000495 Our countries pursue a coordinated foreign policy in the international arena.
zj8lVu-wph4-00001-00000538-00000920 Our cooperation in the area of foreign policy is exemplary.
zj8lVu-wph4-00002-00000977-00001142 An example for other agencies to follow.
zj8lVu-wph4-00003-00001209-00001754 An effective system has been set up to ensure defense and security of the Union State.
zj8lVu-wph4-00004-00001754-00002179 The regional military force and the joint regional air defense system
zj8lVu-wph4-00005-00002179-00002444 successfully operate within the framework of the system.
zj8lVu-wph4-00006-00002506-00003317 Steps taken to bolster border security allowed considerably increasing the protection of the Union State
zj8lVu-wph4-00007-00003360-00003877 from international terrorism, uncontrolled migrant flows, smuggling of
zj8lVu-wph4-00008-00003911-00004297 weapons, ammunition, drugs trafficking, illegal economic activities.
zj8lVu-wph4-00009-00004352-00004894 I told the president yesterday that we've seen a surge of contraband weapons from Ukraine to Russia
zj8lVu-wph4-00010-00004894-00005312 and to Belarus via Russia because our border with Ukraine is solidly locked.
zj8lVu-wph4-00011-00005385-00005728 Weapons are being smuggled via Bryansk Oblast and other ones.
zj8lVu-wph4-00012-00005865-00006419 Vladimir Vladimirovich [Putin], today we and Aleksandr Vasilyevich Bortnikov finished an operation.
zj8lVu-wph4-00013-00006478-00007109 We will inform the general public soon. You know, we've apprehended this terrorist
zj8lVu-wph4-00014-00007118-00008057 who had infiltrated Belarus' territory and they wanted to extract him via Russia to another country. I told you about it yesterday.
zj8lVu-wph4-00015-00008090-00008297 The FSB and the KGB carried out an operation.
zj8lVu-wph4-00016-00008461-00008589 They shut down the entire network.
zj8lVu-wph4-00017-00008631-00009012 Russians are wrapping up other avenues here, in Russia.
zj8lVu-wph4-00018-00009027-00009194 So we will not be left in peace.
zj8lVu-wph4-00019-00009206-00009853 But the most important thing is that there are stashes full of weapons and explosives in Belarus and Russia.
zj8lVu-wph4-00020-00009885-00010056 They come and take them.
zj8lVu-wph4-00021-00010106-00010566 In order to use them in situations like the recent one in St. Petersburg.
zj8lVu-wph4-00022-00010601-00011436 It is most unlikely that ordinary people ferry ammunition and explosives in their pockets across the border.
zj8lVu-wph4-00023-00011487-00011626 There are already stashes here.
zj8lVu-wph4-00024-00011765-00012084 We've found some like these in our country already.
zj8lVu-wph4-00025-00012189-00012757 This is why we very seriously discussed security matters yesterday. I think we will handle it.
zj8lVu-wph4-00026-00013013-00013406 As for media resources, our specialists are also discussing this topic.
zj8lVu-wph4-00027-00013421-00013786 Back in St. Petersburg Vladimir Vladimirovich [Putin] and I agreed that we need
zj8lVu-wph4-00028-00013786-00014206 a serious Union State media holding company.
zj8lVu-wph4-00029-00014284-00014483 We need to create this media holding.
zj8lVu-wph4-00030-00014494-00015207 Yes, it may be expensive to some degree but if we want to push our agenda, if we have something to talk about,
zj8lVu-wph4-00031-00015226-00015851 then we have to create this media holding without attaching it to some other organizations.
zj8lVu-wph4-00032-00015863-00016259 We've agreed on that. But it cannot be accomplished right away.
zj8lVu-wph4-00033-00016274-00016578 Even more so because certain funding is needed.
zj8lVu-wph4-00034-00016660-00017276 In matters of information counteraction and in matters of formation of powerful ideological support
zj8lVu-wph4-00035-00017291-00017782 for our Union State construction a lot has been accomplished by our citizens.
zj8lVu-wph4-00036-00017854-00018348 Certainly, we have no right to lose the battle for minds and hearts of our citizens
zj8lVu-wph4-00037-00018378-00018738 in battlefields of printed, television, radio, and digital mass media.
zj8lVu-wph4-00038-00018769-00019173 Ideological confrontation between the West and the East continues unabated.
zj8lVu-wph4-00039-00019222-00019646 It will continue for a long time even after cannon go silent.
zj8lVu-wph4-00040-00019768-00020109 Dear colleagues! You know the situation around our countries.
zj8lVu-wph4-00041-00020155-00020251 It is complicated.
zj8lVu-wph4-00042-00020269-00020830 Without a doubt we have worthily endured the first massive external economic blows.
zj8lVu-wph4-00043-00020842-00020984 A lot has been said about it.
zj8lVu-wph4-00044-00021023-00021272 I closely follow the situation.
zj8lVu-wph4-00045-00021272-00022242 Vladimir Vladimirovich [Putin] said it right about import substitution when he was in Tula last time.
zj8lVu-wph4-00046-00022320-00022669 An example. We pay a lot of attention to railway car construction, too.
zj8lVu-wph4-00047-00022714-00023424 Specialists showed him this bogie. It is a complicated thing. The state contributes to it a bit. Russia has learned how to make it.
zj8lVu-wph4-00048-00023436-00023611 The West is gone. Now Russia can make them on its own.
zj8lVu-wph4-00049-00023646-00024100 We are also thinking about them. We will have to buy these bogies in Russia.
zj8lVu-wph4-00050-00024100-00024404 But it is ours already. We've already mastered their production.
zj8lVu-wph4-00051-00024509-00025163 This is why in order to replace failed attempts at an economic blockade today...
zj8lVu-wph4-00052-00025235-00025756 The economic blockade could not succeed. They simply wanted to pounce on us.
zj8lVu-wph4-00053-00025756-00026050 If they had seriously thought about it, they would not have done it.
zj8lVu-wph4-00054-00026067-00026316 Because our economy is self-sufficient, as a matter of principle.
zj8lVu-wph4-00055-00026347-00026932 When economic leverage failed, they started purposeful military pressure.
zj8lVu-wph4-00056-00026980-00027502 They are building up NATO forces and assets near the borders of Belarus and Russia.
zj8lVu-wph4-00057-00027508-00027974 They are now particularly concerned about Kaliningrad Oblast. You can see that.
zj8lVu-wph4-00058-00028022-00028480 The rhetoric about prospects of a global military conflict is getting stronger.
zj8lVu-wph4-00059-00028551-00029050 In the context of the information, political, and economic warfare unleashed against Belarus and Russia
zj8lVu-wph4-00060-00029087-00029548 and considering the international law crisis and the apparent inaction of international institutions
zj8lVu-wph4-00061-00029548-00030393 we need to defend and promote national interests of Belarus and Russia in an even more coordinated and efficient manner.
zj8lVu-wph4-00062-00030426-00030933 In my address (the president had known about it in advance) I said it plainly:
zj8lVu-wph4-00063-00030966-00031598 if need be, we will use everything at our disposal to defend our states and our nations.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00000-00000056-00000163 I needed this.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00001-00000176-00000306 I had discarded dairy juice for dinner.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00002-00000320-00000463 - No way. - Yes way.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00003-00000603-00000714 Why did I ever think
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00004-00000727-00000847 I should start a channel with Luke?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00005-00000864-00001020 Am I that desperate for a partner?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00006-00001034-00001217 Don't answer that. I'm still talking.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00007-00001291-00001384 [sighing]
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00008-00001428-00001568 I just want to make things again.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00009-00001611-00001751 You don't need a partner to do that.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00010-00001811-00001975 Yeah, I don't need a partner.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00011-00001988-00002285 I need Sam but she's off following her bliss
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00012-00002298-00002392 with that biker gang.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00013-00002435-00002569 The Obliteraters.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00014-00002619-00002722 I hope she's okay.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00015-00002735-00002902 It's Sam. I hope they're okay.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00016-00002916-00003056 [chuckles]
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00017-00003129-00003379 I just wish she was here so we could do iCarly again.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00018-00003736-00003877 You think I could do it on my own?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00019-00003960-00004224 It doesn't matter what I think. It matters what you want.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00020-00004237-00004534 Of course, I wouldn't be completely on my own.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00021-00004581-00004711 I'd have my new producer.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00022-00004737-00005031 Aw... you do mean me, right?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00023-00005088-00005215 Yeah.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00024-00005228-00005345 You think you can shoot me using that filter
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00025-00005358-00005515 that makes my cheekbones all...
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00026-00005662-00005855 That filter that makes you look like an alien?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00027-00005869-00006019 A sexy alien.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00028-00006152-00006486 Sure. Guess there's just one more question.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00029-00006566-00006853 If Spencer ever got around to building that home gym.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00030-00007560-00007754 I was never gonna use a home gym.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00031-00008108-00008211 [screaming]
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00032-00008371-00008515 Ah, that's right.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00033-00008531-00008718 Forgot about my marionette making phase.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00034-00008732-00008848 I keep them up here
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00035-00008862-00009069 'cause it's away from the knives.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00036-00009222-00009355 Why does that one look like Carly?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00037-00009369-00009539 I made one that looks like you too, Freddie.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00038-00009559-00009756 But I sold it to Nora Dershlit.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00039-00010026-00010156 Is this a good idea?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00040-00010170-00010350 I mean, what would I even do on the show?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00041-00010363-00010673 Old goofy stuff? New sophisticated stuff?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00042-00010687-00010907 Just find something that makes you smile.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00043-00010920-00011061 Go from there.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00044-00011127-00011324 Those dachshunds always made me smile.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00045-00011391-00011518 Who put those up there?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00046-00011531-00011731 I've never seen those before in my life.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00047-00012115-00012255 Aw.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00048-00012302-00012418 The idiot farm girl.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00049-00012465-00012742 You know what? This really does look like a squirrel.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00050-00012879-00012996 Oh my God.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00051-00013032-00013169 The sack.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00052-00013206-00013343 These were so fun.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00053-00013356-00013603 Yeah, until Sam superglued my drawstring closed
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00054-00013616-00013733 and left me here overnight.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00055-00013766-00013933 Yeah, that was a rough night for me, too.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00056-00013947-00014084 He would not stop screaming.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00057-00014267-00014534 George, the bra that told ghost stories.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00058-00014631-00014771 I never did grow into you.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00059-00014951-00015091 So, you came up with all this stuff
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00060-00015104-00015345 when you were a kid, imagine what you can do now.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00061-00015368-00015578 - And we'll help however we can. - Yeah.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00062-00015612-00015922 I'm really glad to hear you say that 'cause...
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00063-00016172-00016262 Oh.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00064-00016276-00016423 I thought it might still be here.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00065-00016579-00016673 Damn it.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00066-00016729-00016863 [laughing]
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00067-00016923-00017050 We're back.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00068-00017127-00017657 In five... four... three... two...
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00069-00017741-00017934 Welcome to the new iCarly.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00070-00018044-00018254 Ooh, it looks like she's already got a few viewers.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00071-00018268-00018458 Probably bots from Brazil.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00072-00018555-00018878 This is still iCarly, but it's grown up now.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00073-00018892-00019135 So today I thought I'd share my skincare routine.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00074-00019149-00019432 According to the many, many targeted ads I get.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00075-00019446-00019752 It's never too early to start using...
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00076-00019779-00020380 anti-aging products, even for Baby Spencer.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00077-00020393-00020707 Yay! That's me!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00078-00020767-00021030 None of these products were tested on animals.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00079-00021044-00021287 Just one tiny little lucky infant.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00080-00021301-00021715 Oh, I feel lucky. In no way am I worried.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00081-00021728-00021855 [chuckles]
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00082-00021931-00022078 Here we go.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00083-00022092-00022192 Oh!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00084-00022272-00022399 Oh, I think he needs a lot more.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00085-00022412-00022689 - Some more? - Oh, no, that's enough alread--
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00086-00022782-00022889 Ah!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00087-00022946-00023189 I don't think this is how you do it!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00088-00023226-00023376 I love this serum.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00089-00023389-00023610 I actually panic bought it when I was at the 7-Eleven
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00090-00023623-00023740 and the guy there called me ma'am.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00091-00023777-00023933 I don't know what he's so upset about.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00092-00023947-00024140 I pay people to do this to me.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00093-00024210-00024340 They say that by the time
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00094-00024354-00024501 you need skin care, it's already too late.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00095-00024514-00024704 But you should still spend all your money on it.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00096-00024717-00024964 And in the end, it's just expensive reminder,
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00097-00024978-00025125 we're all gonna die someday.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00098-00025198-00025482 That's a little emo for a comedy show.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00099-00025495-00025608 Don't you think?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00100-00025662-00025829 - Sheet mask. - W--
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00101-00025842-00025942 - Yeah. - No.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00102-00025955-00026072 There ya go.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00103-00026086-00026166 [coughing]
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00104-00026179-00026349 People are weirdly loving this.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00105-00026362-00026586 I'm totally hating it!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00106-00026599-00026733 Enough of that, baby.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00107-00026746-00026943 - And now, we're just gonna... - That's cold!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00108-00026956-00027160 - ...roll it all out. - I don't like that feeling.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00109-00027173-00027323 - And we're gonna absorb... - Ow!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00110-00027337-00027600 - ... all the moisturizer. - It's cold!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00111-00027614-00027730 So you ready for the lip mask?
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00112-00027744-00028004 Oh, I don't know what it is, but I am.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00113-00028017-00028168 - Here. - Okay.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00114-00028181-00028498 Okay, you're gonna want to keep your mouth nice and shut.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00115-00028511-00028628 That's sounds good.
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00116-00028641-00028772 This lip mask is actually made out
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00117-00028785-00028998 - of laundry detergent. - Ah!
zjp0VncJ6rQ-00118-00029022-00029169 And it seems like we never left.
zkgquI7k_0u-00002-00000744-00000794 Our new video
zkgquI7k_0u-00015-00008865-00009166 Watch it
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00000-00000500-00001024 Pʉa dacho baharo Jesu sãre Galilea yahpapʉ sʉho wahare.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00001-00001024-00001264 Wahmanopʉre õ sehe nia tire tiro:
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00002-00001264-00001773 “Cohamacʉ yare yahu mʉhtarirore to ya yahpa macaina tirore ño payoerara.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00003-00001773-00002214 Ã jia yʉhʉre ño payoerara õ macaina õi yʉ bʉcʉariro jichʉ”,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00004-00002214-00002316 nia tire Jesu.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00005-00002316-00002822 Ã jia Galileapʉ to sʉchʉ tó macaina tirore noano piti bocare.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00006-00002822-00003444 Tó pano Jerusalẽi bose nʉmʉi Jesu Cohamacʉ tuaa mehne to yoachʉ ñʉrina jire tina.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00007-00003444-00004342 Ã yoa Canápʉ Galileai jiri macapʉ core vino to wahachʉ yoari macapʉ wahaa wahai sã tiro mehne.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00008-00004342-00005208 Caná cahai jiri macai Capernau wama tiri macai jipihtina bui pʉhtoro docai jiriro pʉhtoro macʉno dohatiro niha.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00009-00005208-00005278 Tuhsʉ,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00010-00005278-00005758 Jesu Judeapʉ jiriro Galileapʉ to sʉchʉ pʉhtoro tʉhoha.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00011-00005758-00006054 Tíre tʉhoro Jesu cahapʉ wihire:
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00012-00006054-00006202 —Yʉ macʉ yariaro nihre.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00013-00006202-00006856 Ã yoa tirore noariro wahachʉ yoai taga —ni tuaro mehne pjire tirore.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00014-00006856-00007170 To ã nichʉ tʉhoro Jesu õ sehe ni yʉhtire:
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00015-00007170-00007530 —Cohamacʉ tuaa mehne yʉ yoachʉ ñʉerana,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00016-00007530-00007923 ne yʉhʉre wacũ tuaerara mʉsa —nire Jesu tirore.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00017-00007923-00008206 To ã nichʉ pʉhtoro sehe õ sehe nire:
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00018-00008206-00008334 —Pʉhtoro,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00019-00008334-00008808 yʉ macʉ to yariahto pano taga —nire tiro Jesure.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00020-00008808-00008922 —Tjuaahga.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00021-00008922-00009256 Mʉ macʉ catica —nire Jesu.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00022-00009256-00009382 To ã nichʉ tʉhoro,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00023-00009382-00009650 “To niriro seheta catirohca yʉ macʉ” nino,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00024-00009650-00009792 pʉhtoro tjuaa wahare.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00025-00009792-00010150 Ã tjuaarucurirore to cahamaca tirore piti boca,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00026-00010150-00010366 õ sehe ni yahuha:
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00027-00010366-00010746 —Mʉ macʉ catihre —ni yahuha tina tirore.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00028-00010746-00011158 —¿Noho waroi sʉ̃ jichʉ noariro wahari tiro?
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00029-00011158-00011434 —ni sinituha tiro to cahamacare.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00030-00011434-00012000 —Canʉre cohari pja baharocã juaro suruhre tirore —niha tina.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00031-00012000-00012354 Ti ã nichʉ tʉhoro õ sehe ni tʉhotuha tiro:
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00032-00012354-00012758 “Jesu yʉhʉre to ã ni yahuri pjaihta juaro surua wahari jire”,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00033-00012758-00012974 ni tʉhotuha pʉhtoro sehe.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00034-00012974-00013269 “Potocãta nino niri jira yʉhʉre” nino,
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00035-00013269-00013563 tiro jipihtina to coyea mehne Jesure wacũ tuaha.
ZoQvjLNlPGI-00036-00013563-00014938 Jesu Judea yahpapʉ jiriro Galilea yahpapʉ to sʉri baharo pʉhtoro macʉnore noariro to waharire mari quihõchʉ pʉa taha Cohamacʉ to tuaa mehne yoa ño tuhsʉre Jesu.
Z2j5bApx7-I-00000-00000272-00000969 this is trip and welcome to my channel well is coming up this weekend to
Z2j5bApx7-I-00001-00000969-00001893 Father's Day so I was reflecting on my own dad and he likes boiled peanuts just
Z2j5bApx7-I-00002-00001893-00002538 like a lot of people in the South I do too I think some people are allergic to
Z2j5bApx7-I-00003-00002538-00003420 allergies so don't try this at home without the help of without the that
Z2j5bApx7-I-00004-00003420-00004146 okay if your doctor you know or your allergist some people are deadly
Z2j5bApx7-I-00005-00004146-00004845 allergic to some kinds of peanuts and things but raise peanuts on our farm we
Z2j5bApx7-I-00006-00004845-00005718 had about eight or nine acres out there and for as long as I can remember and
Z2j5bApx7-I-00007-00005718-00006144 you could stop in and buy these bull peanuts by the side of the private
Z2j5bApx7-I-00008-00006144-00006981 little Country stores and we fix him home to go out to the field and just dig
Z2j5bApx7-I-00009-00006981-00007823 them up clean them up put them in some hot water to boil for a few hours with
Z2j5bApx7-I-00010-00007823-00008347 some salt they have the greatest things in the world but they're very
Z2j5bApx7-I-00011-00008347-00009097 labor-intensive you have to open it up and you know I gifted that so
Z2j5bApx7-I-00012-00009097-00009778 for Father's Day after membrane dad with some boiled peanuts and an RC Cola I did
Z2j5bApx7-I-00013-00009778-00010504 another video maybe like a few weeks ago and I stated I could not find RC Cola
Z2j5bApx7-I-00014-00010504-00010918 which we used to have with moon pies well I found it in a
Z2j5bApx7-I-00015-00010918-00011515 I found the our city codes in a six-pack of cans but when I was young we trained
Z2j5bApx7-I-00016-00011515-00011999 tonight at that bottle from the old country store especially in the field
Z2j5bApx7-I-00017-00011999-00012706 with a moon pie neither RC Cola or pan pie but did happen to find these
Z2j5bApx7-I-00018-00012706-00013453 today just a little convenience store and there were only three and there I
Z2j5bApx7-I-00019-00013468-00014209 thought this was plastic it's got to be plastic boy that's some kind of
Z2j5bApx7-I-00020-00014209-00015011 container anyway so he used to have to pop it open but that little can't open
Z2j5bApx7-I-00021-00015011-00016541 like even I so fears and all that but do this you just open it like that see it's
Z2j5bApx7-I-00022-00016541-00016990 not here this is exciting
Z2j5bApx7-I-00023-00019121-00020259 okay these are the boiled peanuts and I bought them from that little a little
Z2j5bApx7-I-00024-00020259-00020868 feather this vegetable stand by the side of the road that's what that bag was
Z2j5bApx7-I-00025-00020868-00021689 twice this big being kind of a smaller either no pun intended
Z2j5bApx7-I-00026-00021689-00022292 they sold me half the bag he agreed to sell half the bag for three dollars
Z2j5bApx7-I-00027-00022292-00022661 half-price oh that's fine
Z2j5bApx7-I-00028-00022691-00023487 anyway Father's Day I took a while for it to get heard even they recognized as
Z2j5bApx7-I-00029-00023487-00024603 a holiday I just know this day yes I did a video about Mother's Day a few weeks
Z2j5bApx7-I-00030-00024603-00025452 ago back in May and it was became a holiday early in the last century the
Z2j5bApx7-I-00031-00025452-00026608 1900 Father's Day it took a lot longer why
Z2j5bApx7-I-00032-00026843-00027608 one reason when they tried to make it a holiday back in there the teams are the
Z2j5bApx7-I-00033-00027608-00028208 20s or 30s of the last century Congress was afraid of about the state being
Z2j5bApx7-I-00034-00028208-00028710 commercialized just like Mother's Day was and everything else
Z2j5bApx7-I-00035-00028710-00029358 why do you mean somebody would try to make money off a Father's Day what's
Z2j5bApx7-I-00036-00029358-00030020 wrong with good old American commercialization anything else it
Z2j5bApx7-I-00037-00030020-00030935 didn't become a permanent national holiday to 1972 under President Nixon
Z2j5bApx7-I-00038-00031629-00032248 we need to pulse when you eat peanuts you know with them with the original
Z2j5bApx7-I-00039-00032248-00033141 peanuts I'd open for them for the used peanuts
Z2j5bApx7-I-00040-00033312-00034651 anyway this decided that it was decided that Father's Day would be the third
Z2j5bApx7-I-00041-00034651-00035461 Sunday in June just like Mother's Day if I remember correctly as the second
Z2j5bApx7-I-00042-00035461-00036462 Sunday in May it's just so good
Z2j5bApx7-I-00043-00036925-00037429 so dad used to enjoy he picks into the peanuts in the house
Z2j5bApx7-I-00044-00037429-00038177 or fixing the boa penis at the house or we just stop in about the country store
Z2j5bApx7-I-00045-00038177-00039182 I need to sit around with his friends and have a codeword NRC beneath I yeah
Z2j5bApx7-I-00046-00039182-00039791 anything like that taco you need this kind of drinks you'd find at the local
Z2j5bApx7-I-00047-00039791-00041102 Country stores and South back in the sixties seventies eighties these are so
Z2j5bApx7-I-00048-00041102-00041786 good and for most people decent up some nutritious there's some people do have
Z2j5bApx7-I-00049-00041786-00042493 allergies sensitivity to it be careful
Z2j5bApx7-I-00050-00043178-00043973 I met a girl in the store at the mall I won't tell you which store and she told
Z2j5bApx7-I-00051-00043973-00044651 me that she's not spoken to her debt in three years three years she was like
Z2j5bApx7-I-00052-00044651-00045049 twenty three or four years old I guess
Z2j5bApx7-I-00053-00045124-00046598 can't remember exactly they had some falling-out I don't know it's kind of
Z2j5bApx7-I-00054-00046598-00047009 like I said but Mother's Day you know you should do something nice for your
Z2j5bApx7-I-00055-00047009-00047716 mother baiz do your mom's er you don't let people do the best and most fathers
Z2j5bApx7-I-00056-00047716-00048516 most fathers are good people and do the best for the children
Z2j5bApx7-I-00057-00049198-00049619 make it there and my work bit mom's and fathers because there are too many
Z2j5bApx7-I-00058-00049619-00050216 families where the father just he catch that girl pregnant and then he
Z2j5bApx7-I-00059-00050216-00051413 disappears or he's not available or he doesn't help financially or otherwise to
Z2j5bApx7-I-00060-00051413-00052082 be fair yeah they're just not naturally and culturally historically a child
Z2j5bApx7-I-00061-00052082-00053453 erasers nacho bear is it was the women who were searched when I was making this
Z2j5bApx7-I-00062-00053453-00053876 video I thought about that that you thought young ladies I met at the mall
Z2j5bApx7-I-00063-00053876-00054782 and just working in the store and what if something happened to her or to her
Z2j5bApx7-I-00064-00054782-00055232 father I think that would both regret that they didn't talk and that they
Z2j5bApx7-I-00065-00055232-00055528 didn't see each other
Z2j5bApx7-I-00066-00056365-00057298 here's my recommitted way by beating a peanut see right there that's right
Z2j5bApx7-I-00067-00057298-00057785 these things are bad to skort water everywhere I don't want to get it on my
Z2j5bApx7-I-00068-00057785-00058997 microphone see peanut it bends like that if you can see it there's three or four
Z2j5bApx7-I-00069-00058997-00059735 inside a little pod like that okay so what I like to do is just to buy it down
Z2j5bApx7-I-00070-00059735-00060379 on the side like this and then you break that little place in the center then you
Z2j5bApx7-I-00071-00060379-00060673 can get to the peanut
Z2j5bApx7-I-00072-00062151-00062932 but no fun restaurant where you can actually they have they saw our there's
Z2j5bApx7-I-00073-00062932-00063211 peanuts called when they're not they're not softball
Z2j5bApx7-I-00074-00063211-00063727 the roasted peanuts and you just throw the whole the holes on the floor when
Z2j5bApx7-I-00075-00063727-00064807 you finish that course they're just a Texas Roadhouse anyway you should
Z2j5bApx7-I-00076-00064807-00065212 reconcile yourself with your father if you have it are at disagreement with him
Z2j5bApx7-I-00077-00065212-00065973 if you possibly can if you can really step back and just like with your mother
Z2j5bApx7-I-00078-00065973-00066348 try to find the part of it that might be your fault
Z2j5bApx7-I-00079-00066348-00066835 recognize that they might be older and might be stubborn so you're gonna have
Z2j5bApx7-I-00080-00066835-00067652 to make the first move sometimes even if they should by being too senior adult
Z2j5bApx7-I-00081-00068108-00068716 right get your fingers
Z2j5bApx7-I-00082-00069098-00069738 so and father's dying yeah it is that your dad if you live far away they
Z2j5bApx7-I-00083-00069738-00070449 calling that the analysis nothing neither is a text message you need to
Z2j5bApx7-I-00084-00070449-00071928 pick up hi how are you still alive to the purse enough visit cliffs that
Z2j5bApx7-I-00085-00071928-00072351 doesn't mean just two or three miles away yeah I feel different
Z2j5bApx7-I-00086-00072351-00074082 I learned it oh sorry - I might be too busy good meal for dad this is more
Z2j5bApx7-I-00087-00074082-00074529 about women because women are better took some more traditionally cooks yeah
Z2j5bApx7-I-00088-00074529-00075378 I'm not being sexist I know a lot of very serious or qualified and educated
Z2j5bApx7-I-00089-00075378-00075861 professional women you think I think there are more women in college than me
Z2j5bApx7-I-00090-00075861-00076301 but like when I was going to college
Z2j5bApx7-I-00091-00076325-00077102 could get me off or is it if I could get dad and if you don't have a good or
Z2j5bApx7-I-00092-00077102-00077448 anything like that maybe you can take him out together
Z2j5bApx7-I-00093-00077448-00077783 go see a movie guys seem leave you the hate logs
Z2j5bApx7-I-00094-00077783-00078300 you probably won't like a chick flick or anything a lot of that gonna see
Z2j5bApx7-I-00095-00078300-00079158 something that he likes are just write a letter not a text message and not email
Z2j5bApx7-I-00096-00079158-00079697 write a real letter remember what letters are that little
Z2j5bApx7-I-00097-00079697-00080208 red and blue and white trucks that you see that deliver these little little
Z2j5bApx7-I-00098-00080208-00080943 letters we used to call them even she can't write well it's better to ride in
Z2j5bApx7-I-00099-00080943-00081561 longhand I can't write well at all so if I was gonna send a letter I would send
Z2j5bApx7-I-00100-00081561-00082443 it I would be typing it out you know I wish that I could I wish that I could
Z2j5bApx7-I-00101-00082443-00083364 talk to my dad and I think I was pretty faithful to him for being like I
Z2j5bApx7-I-00102-00083364-00083852 consider it a problem teenager you're playing in the band and staying out and
Z2j5bApx7-I-00103-00083852-00084510 all huh yeah my folks must have worried about me I can't imagine the nights that
Z2j5bApx7-I-00104-00084510-00085077 they were just waking from here to come home or even when I went to Europe and
Z2j5bApx7-I-00105-00085077-00085733 not knowing what in the world I was my dad when he was my age when he was I
Z2j5bApx7-I-00106-00085733-00086697 mean when he was 18 like I was 18 he was in the jungles of the Philippines and
Z2j5bApx7-I-00107-00086697-00087564 Laura Thailand New Guinea he was uh you know fighting in the world in world war
Z2j5bApx7-I-00108-00087564-00088244 two so when I was 18 I was getting out of high
Z2j5bApx7-I-00109-00088244-00088633 school and been playing in the bench you know I mean what was that nothing
Z2j5bApx7-I-00110-00088633-00089725 compared to what he was doing nothing at all my dad was a real man he was short
Z2j5bApx7-I-00111-00089725-00090613 like me he was a shortest person in his in his military in his entire squad he
Z2j5bApx7-I-00112-00090613-00091223 was in a signal error warning battalion they they had to operator that radar the
Z2j5bApx7-I-00113-00091223-00091695 primitive radar that was best of warned if they were approaching enemy planes
Z2j5bApx7-I-00114-00091695-00092052 that was his job
Z2j5bApx7-I-00115-00092462-00092888 didn't understand my my dad I was younger quite so much although I've
Z2j5bApx7-I-00116-00092888-00093386 worked on the farm he expected me to work like anybody else think that I had
Z2j5bApx7-I-00117-00093386-00094370 a father it wasn't so soft on me he he told me that all right can you get burly
Z2j5bApx7-I-00118-00094370-00095072 the morning coming in late at night after dark mainly in the summertime this
Z2j5bApx7-I-00119-00095072-00095758 bring of the summer when crops were planted and they were harvesting them
Z2j5bApx7-I-00120-00096469-00097267 I hope you ever the junior dad will have a good Father's Day yeah for the wrists
Z2j5bApx7-I-00121-00097267-00098058 office it had his father's have passed away and my father died in 2001 for the
Z2j5bApx7-I-00122-00098058-00098508 rest of us we just would have to be happy with our memories and try to hope
Z2j5bApx7-I-00123-00098508-00098986 that we that we did our our dad it's honorable and then we turned out to be
Z2j5bApx7-I-00124-00098986-00100623 good children so whatever we do now has to be in their memory and their honor
Z2j5bApx7-I-00125-00100623-00101242 all right I participated enough on this I just wanted to say a few words about
Z2j5bApx7-I-00126-00101242-00101674 Father's Day I didn't need to get a debt big lecture about the way the father
Z2j5bApx7-I-00127-00101674-00102499 study it's just like Mother's Day it's FA th er apostrophe s it's not meant to
Z2j5bApx7-I-00128-00102499-00103011 commemorate all the fathers in the world collectively your community you're
Z2j5bApx7-I-00129-00103011-00103603 commemorating and honoring your own one father and of course just might be a
Z2j5bApx7-I-00130-00103603-00104235 stepfather to so you don't even have a father or at least uh I mean don't have
Z2j5bApx7-I-00131-00104235-00104839 a father who is around anymore I don't know who their fathers are so maybe
Z2j5bApx7-I-00132-00104839-00105226 there's another man a man in your life that maybe it was
Z2j5bApx7-I-00133-00105226-00105678 like a mentor or a helper to you when you were growing up and he wasn't your
Z2j5bApx7-I-00134-00105678-00106308 flesh and blood and blood father today he was somebody that cared enough about
Z2j5bApx7-I-00135-00106308-00106674 you to spend some time with you
Z2j5bApx7-I-00136-00107026-00108610 and nobody's perfect my father had he was trying to run the pig farm and also
Z2j5bApx7-I-00137-00108610-00108968 work for a chemical company he had a nervous breakdown one takeover Network
Z2j5bApx7-I-00138-00108968-00110918 he was doing too much he was only in his mid 40s because of my accomplishments my
Z2j5bApx7-I-00139-00110918-00111464 dad once told me he said trip you're the biggest little man that I know
Z2j5bApx7-I-00140-00111464-00112418 I took knifes the company I'd never be half the man my father was
Z2j5bApx7-I-00141-00112418-00113228 I kept cutting it off right here before I get really sentimental I did toward
Z2j5bApx7-I-00142-00113228-00113966 the end of my brother's stay so honor your father and every day should be your
Z2j5bApx7-I-00143-00113966-00114740 father's day this is truth and I hope you'll just crying to my show please
Z2j5bApx7-I-00144-00114740-00115501 watch my videos like them and share them with others bless you
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Zqz0CDhS7Qk-00000-00000008-00000456 you have 1.5 k. who are those people. i actually noticed that you've gained your
Zqz0CDhS7Qk-00001-00000456-00000944 very first subscriber, even though you had not made any views. who are my subscribers.
Zqz0CDhS7Qk-00002-00001032-00001607 actually, i don't really know who people subscribe to you. i think the first person
Zqz0CDhS7Qk-00003-00001607-00002023 subscribed maybe because of the replies we're leaving, and it could be anything.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00000-00000118-00000554 Hi I'm Megan and I'm Erik and this is this service design show.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00001-00000875-00001763 With the service design show we help you stay one step ahead by talking to the people that
Zr0_FtOMx70-00002-00001763-00001959 are shaping the service design field.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00003-00001959-00002197 We talk about the current state of the industry.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00004-00002197-00002559 Exciting new developments and the challenges ahead.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00005-00002559-00003102 My guests in this episode are Erik flowers and Megan Miller.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00006-00003102-00003765 They are co-founders of the Web site called practicalservicedesign.com and they are both
Zr0_FtOMx70-00007-00003765-00004327 service designer Megan works at Stanford University and Erik at Intoit.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00008-00004327-00005032 So for the next 30 minutes or so we'll be talking about topics like why is jobs to be
Zr0_FtOMx70-00009-00005032-00005476 done the hottest thing on the Slack channel with practical services design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00010-00005476-00006020 We'll be talking about when will cyber Services be ready for service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00011-00006020-00006543 And of course we'll also talk about the ultimate practicality of service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00012-00006543-00007068 So if you want to fast forward to one of these topics check out the episode guide down below
Zr0_FtOMx70-00013-00007068-00007519 in the description or just stick around and enjoy the whole episode.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00014-00007519-00007787 Welcome to the show Erik and Megan.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00015-00007787-00007887 Hello.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00016-00007887-00008090 Great to have you here.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00017-00008090-00008551 You are in the Bay Area right now?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00018-00008551-00008679 At Stanford actually right?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00019-00008679-00008949 Yep it's a beautiful sunny day today.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00020-00008949-00009049 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00021-00009049-00009415 And that's it's very nice to have you.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00022-00009415-00009786 Erik and Megan a question for both of you both of you.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00023-00009786-00010270 Do you remember your very first encounter with service design?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00024-00010270-00010647 Yes I do.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00025-00010647-00011593 So in 2013 I took adaptive path UX intensive training and they actually have a whole day
Zr0_FtOMx70-00026-00011593-00011867 as part of that dedicated to service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00027-00011867-00012434 And it really felt very new and especially to everyone in the audience here in Seattle
Zr0_FtOMx70-00028-00012434-00013102 and they were really just introducing the blueprinting concepts and it's kind of end
Zr0_FtOMx70-00029-00013102-00013879 to end experience lens and it was it really shaped the direction of my last several years
Zr0_FtOMx70-00030-00013879-00013979 and my career.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00031-00013979-00014140 How about here Erik.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00032-00014140-00014240 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00033-00014240-00015135 I have a similar story I had been playing around with the new kind of deeper format
Zr0_FtOMx70-00034-00015135-00015596 persona journey mapping that ended up looking a lot like a service blueprint.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00035-00015596-00016199 I didn't know it at that time and I ended up at the Nanjing experience conference in
Zr0_FtOMx70-00036-00016199-00016984 early 2013 where in the workshop the term serviced blueprints was brought up and I had
Zr0_FtOMx70-00037-00016984-00017095 never heard it before.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00038-00017095-00017793 And so I went home and researched and decided wow service design this is what I wanted to
Zr0_FtOMx70-00039-00017793-00017893 do.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00040-00017893-00018566 And I've been trying to do but I didn't know that there was a school of thought resources
Zr0_FtOMx70-00041-00018566-00019079 and real specific things and so I actually literally made a decision to say all right
Zr0_FtOMx70-00042-00019079-00019243 my old career is over.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00043-00019243-00019665 This is what I do now I need to figure out how to transition.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00044-00019665-00020018 I was three and a half years ago.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00045-00020018-00020284 And how did that transition work out for you.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00046-00020284-00021395 I'm going to say it was a success the butterfly has left the cocoon and is flying now.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00047-00021395-00022137 And it was it was really all due to just one certain person who hired me.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00048-00022137-00022323 I'm kind of a leap of faith.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00049-00022323-00022839 OK so we don't really know what service design is but we know we want to bring it to this
Zr0_FtOMx70-00050-00022839-00022939 company.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00051-00022939-00023535 I met her at a services design conference and a month later I moved halfway across the
Zr0_FtOMx70-00052-00023535-00023665 company to take it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00053-00023665-00024068 My first job as an official service designer just like that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00054-00024068-00024333 You created your job at that moment?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00055-00024333-00024506 Pretty much yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00056-00024506-00025031 It was a place where it was completely unknown and with no definition at all.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00057-00025031-00025140 Awesome.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00058-00025140-00025704 I would almost say congratulations.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00059-00025704-00026356 So Erik and Megan let's explain the format to the people that haven't seen any of the
Zr0_FtOMx70-00060-00026356-00026812 previous episodes and we are going to co-create the questions that we're going to talk about.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00061-00026812-00027407 And I have a stack of papers with some topic here and you also have a stack of papers but
Zr0_FtOMx70-00062-00027407-00027697 with questions starters.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00063-00027697-00028377 I'll pick one of these topics that you provided me and you'll pick one of the question starters
Zr0_FtOMx70-00064-00028377-00028697 that I've provided to you and that we have to co-create the question.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00065-00028697-00028930 Easy as that is.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00066-00028930-00029081 All right.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00067-00029081-00029334 Let me go through the.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00068-00029334-00029434 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00069-00029434-00029893 Let me just start with this one because this is probably very close to your heart and very
Zr0_FtOMx70-00070-00029893-00029993 dear to your heart.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00071-00029993-00030227 It's the topic of ultimate practicality.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00072-00030227-00030518 Which question starter goes along with that one.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00073-00030518-00030706 And who will answer that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00074-00030706-00031202 I'll start to question and Megan can answer it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00075-00031202-00031362 Go ahead.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00076-00031362-00031488 Why.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00077-00031488-00032291 Megan why is ultimate practicality one of the topics that we want to talk about today.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00078-00032291-00032831 Well so if you're familiar with the work that Erik and I have been doing collaboratively
Zr0_FtOMx70-00079-00032831-00033609 at praticalservicedesign.com our whole MO is about bringing practicality to the field
Zr0_FtOMx70-00080-00033609-00034132 for both of us who have you know recently in the last three years made transitions from
Zr0_FtOMx70-00081-00034132-00034912 doing UX design to doing service design making that transition was extremely hard.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00082-00034912-00035700 There isn't a big community out here in the US particularly here in Silicon Valley.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00083-00035700-00035847 Companies haven't really heard of this yet.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00084-00035847-00036280 When you talk about it with your peers they get a blank stare.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00085-00036280-00037383 So service design we wanted to create a bridge from this theoretical high level idea of designing
Zr0_FtOMx70-00086-00037383-00038090 for a service to making something that's extremely practical that we could apply today tomorrow
Zr0_FtOMx70-00087-00038090-00038475 in our jobs with people who are unfamiliar with the concepts.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00088-00038475-00039074 So this commitment to practicality is really the deeper motivator for both Erik and I in
Zr0_FtOMx70-00089-00039074-00039603 what we do at work in what we do with the online Slack community and what we do with
Zr0_FtOMx70-00090-00039603-00040071 all the materials and the blogposts and content that we create because we truly believe that
Zr0_FtOMx70-00091-00040071-00040763 in order for service design to reach the next generation and reach this area out here in
Zr0_FtOMx70-00092-00040763-00041225 the tech world we have to make it more practical we have to come up with a new way to apply
Zr0_FtOMx70-00093-00041225-00041350 service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00094-00041350-00041752 Hold on Megan, because I am really confused.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00095-00041752-00042358 There are so many examples of service design or service design related projects projects
Zr0_FtOMx70-00096-00042358-00042918 from the US and now you're telling us that it's unknown and people give you a blank stare.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00097-00042918-00043203 How is that possible.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00098-00043203-00044130 So the key to the like adoption of people who have downloaded our ebook there's been
Zr0_FtOMx70-00099-00044130-00044405 almost 3000 downloads in the last year.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00100-00044405-00044956 And the Slack community got 15 hundred people and so maybe it's just her and I and the people
Zr0_FtOMx70-00101-00044956-00045056 we attract.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00102-00045056-00045490 But the practicality comes down to every day.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00103-00045490-00046028 Every day we get some sort of e-mail or message or some sort of communication from people
Zr0_FtOMx70-00104-00046028-00046838 who are working from the ground up in companies in places that they don't know what to do
Zr0_FtOMx70-00105-00046838-00047275 and the resources and the projects and the case studies and the conference talks.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00106-00047275-00047803 That's not it's not instructional it's not practical it's not hey I'm one person.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00107-00047803-00048206 I'm a business analyst I'm a product manager at a huge cellphone company.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00108-00048206-00048687 This place couldn't be less design oriented but I've heard about this service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00109-00048687-00048826 I don't know what to do.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00110-00048826-00049100 No one's going to give me any money I'm not going to be able to hire anybody.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00111-00049100-00049655 How does one person bring service design and this thinking and mindset and startup a project
Zr0_FtOMx70-00112-00049655-00049937 and get some quick wins up on the board.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00113-00049937-00050535 In a place that you know has no support for it and so we're maybe our audience is more
Zr0_FtOMx70-00114-00050535-00051225 of the lone practitioner or the people who see it from the bottom up and not the top
Zr0_FtOMx70-00115-00051225-00051325 down.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00116-00051325-00051924 But I think to your question when we're talking with all of these digital focused companies
Zr0_FtOMx70-00117-00051924-00052573 you know we have lots of friends and peers that work at Google, Facebook, LinkedIn.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00118-00052573-00053099 I mean you name it all any of these tech companies these tech companies have not heard of or
Zr0_FtOMx70-00119-00053099-00053291 embraced service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00120-00053291-00053861 They might be doing some parts of it but the farthest people have gotten in our world in
Zr0_FtOMx70-00121-00053861-00054485 this kind of technical services world is is that they have really advanced UX programs
Zr0_FtOMx70-00122-00054485-00055086 and they might have people doing this type of mapping or activities but there is no organizational
Zr0_FtOMx70-00123-00055086-00055617 structure in place in these companies just support services design work and there's nobody
Zr0_FtOMx70-00124-00055617-00056175 who is really embracing it as a official methodology or approach in this companies.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00125-00056175-00056535 They are not hiring service designers.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00126-00056535-00056635 Nobody is.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00127-00056635-00056808 You can get if you want.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00128-00056808-00056976 Well I am.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00129-00056976-00057107 You can work for me.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00130-00057107-00057592 I mean we wrote about this article on the service design network and what it comes down
Zr0_FtOMx70-00131-00057592-00058073 to is tech companies and tech companies you know software is eating the world.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00132-00058073-00058533 I mean all these places out here are ubiquitous across the globe.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00133-00058533-00059136 And right now the product and the interface and the visuals and the interaction is what
Zr0_FtOMx70-00134-00059136-00059695 rules the decisions we still see it as an app on a phone and we still see it as something
Zr0_FtOMx70-00135-00059695-00059795 in your browser.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00136-00059795-00060401 Even these companies that you think have service design baked into their DNA think Uber, Lyft,
Zr0_FtOMx70-00137-00060401-00060967 Instacart and the ones we talk about at service design conferences they don't have service
Zr0_FtOMx70-00138-00060967-00061399 designers and they haven't actually acknowledged that that's what they're doing and they haven't
Zr0_FtOMx70-00139-00061399-00061597 officially formalized that role.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00140-00061597-00062095 They might be designing for services and offering services.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00141-00062095-00062464 If you look at it like what is Services design what they're trying to accomplish.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00142-00062464-00062814 They're backing their way into it not knowing what that they're doing it and what you do
Zr0_FtOMx70-00143-00062814-00063520 is you end up with a whole bunch of parts and pieces and kind of ideas and you don't
Zr0_FtOMx70-00144-00063520-00064219 realize that you're creating this Frankenstein's monster pieces of UX.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00145-00064219-00065111 And in service design and it becomes incoherent and inconsistent to where they end up you
Zr0_FtOMx70-00146-00065111-00065578 know coming to our website or getting on the Slack saying hey we've got this you know we've
Zr0_FtOMx70-00147-00065578-00065798 got thing kind of resembles what you're talking about.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00148-00065798-00066430 But at this point there is no one who knows how to wrangle all this together and say OK
Zr0_FtOMx70-00149-00066430-00067031 now we truly know how to design for an end to end service from the human perspective
Zr0_FtOMx70-00150-00067031-00067497 and not from where we've got all this cool technology we've got AI we've got voice recognition
Zr0_FtOMx70-00151-00067497-00067671 we got everything on the app you know what.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00152-00067671-00068277 You only took a step back and said how does this serve the need and the goal of the people
Zr0_FtOMx70-00153-00068277-00068642 who are going to use this in their daily lives.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00154-00068642-00069193 And I'm looking from the work to accomplish with practical service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00155-00069193-00069691 In the past two and a half years or when did it start something like that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00156-00069691-00070275 What is the biggest difference between the moment you started and the moment where we're
Zr0_FtOMx70-00157-00070275-00070419 now.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00158-00070419-00070851 So we launched practicalservicesdesign.com almost a year ago.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00159-00070851-00071717 So it was last November and since then we've seen an explosive growth in the Slack community
Zr0_FtOMx70-00160-00071717-00072255 and I would bet that about 90, 95 percent of the people who are joining are people who
Zr0_FtOMx70-00161-00072255-00072701 are where we were maybe two or three years ago who have just heard about service design
Zr0_FtOMx70-00162-00072701-00073286 and really really want to get into it but they don't know where to start.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00163-00073286-00073957 And it's that helping the next generation of service designers kind of gain some traction
Zr0_FtOMx70-00164-00073957-00074248 find a way to practice this in their and their daily life.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00165-00074248-00074848 So I think we've seen you know since starting this project we've seen an incredible amount
Zr0_FtOMx70-00166-00074848-00075637 of interest and buzz and definitely the conversation is shifting and more and more companies people
Zr0_FtOMx70-00167-00075637-00076169 at companies that we know are really interested in learning more and adopting some of these
Zr0_FtOMx70-00168-00076169-00076697 practices and calling them by the name service design or you know formalizing it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00169-00076697-00076938 I mean my job is an example of that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00170-00076938-00077262 A year and a half ago I started this transition.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00171-00077262-00077820 I was working in the web team here as a web and product designer and I was really pushing
Zr0_FtOMx70-00172-00077820-00078424 to do more service design and it took me a while but now I'm managing the service design
Zr0_FtOMx70-00173-00078424-00078694 team that I created here in this work.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00174-00078694-00078862 So I think that the tides are turning.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00175-00078862-00079493 You know it's definitely shifting out here but it can take a while.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00176-00079493-00079863 One final question about this last topic you mentioned a Slack channel.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00177-00079863-00080111 Is it open for anyone to join.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00178-00080111-00080438 Yeah it's open.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00179-00080438-00080538 For anyone.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00180-00080538-00081072 We have people on every continent but Antarctica so if there are service designers down there
Zr0_FtOMx70-00181-00081072-00081268 please join
Zr0_FtOMx70-00182-00081268-00081426 How can people join.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00183-00081426-00081595 What is the Slack channel's name?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00184-00081595-00082062 They can go to www.practicalservicedesign.com you'll see the community tab there.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00185-00082062-00082575 There's a lot of resources there and you can request an invite.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00186-00082575-00082777 It's it's free it's open.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00187-00082777-00083238 We do screen because we want it to be a safe space so you know we let everyone in for the
Zr0_FtOMx70-00188-00083238-00083564 most part but we want to make sure you're a real person.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00189-00083564-00084127 And I hand check everyone who is who types in their info I have to go and look up make
Zr0_FtOMx70-00190-00084127-00084283 sure they're real.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00191-00084283-00084937 And so I've I've singlehandedly invited fifteen hundred people over the last 10 months.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00192-00084937-00085100 My hand is killing me.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00193-00085100-00085398 You're building a big network.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00194-00085398-00085975 I would invite everyone to join so I know you'll have 1500 more people on the Slack
Zr0_FtOMx70-00195-00085975-00086136 channel in the next week probably.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00196-00086136-00086433 Let's move on to topic number two.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00197-00086433-00086626 I think it will be.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00198-00086626-00087018 I hope it will be your turn to answer this question.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00199-00087018-00087402 Erik it's a topic of jobs to be done.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00200-00087402-00087725 You have very cryptic topics.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00201-00087725-00087952 What is the question?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00202-00087952-00088551 I'm gonna use the ... Because there is nothing that really fits.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00203-00088551-00089274 But Erik tell us what is jobs to be done and why is this the hot topic that's been going
Zr0_FtOMx70-00204-00089274-00089480 around in Slack for the last month and a half.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00205-00089480-00089868 I'm so glad you asked me that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00206-00089868-00090569 So it's certainly something that is new to me and to a lot of people as a as a concept
Zr0_FtOMx70-00207-00090569-00090826 it's not it's not new.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00208-00090826-00091323 It's been talked about in lots of different you know industry circles and a lot of you
Zr0_FtOMx70-00209-00091323-00092213 know academic environments and it's never really been connected to service design specifically
Zr0_FtOMx70-00210-00092213-00092526 like I'm looking at it now but jobs to be done.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00211-00092526-00093022 It's just a name for kind of like a theoretical construct.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00212-00093022-00093289 Just very simply breaks down to.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00213-00093289-00093627 People are trying to accomplish some job in their life.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00214-00093627-00094038 They just are trying to get something done.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00215-00094038-00094902 One super simple example from my real life is iterate works with people who are self-employed
Zr0_FtOMx70-00216-00094902-00095425 wether just just a sole proprietor just one person gutting it out trying to make things
Zr0_FtOMx70-00217-00095425-00096312 happen and their job to be done is to save money have better be better prepared to do
Zr0_FtOMx70-00218-00096312-00096773 taxes and optimize this you know really hard life of being self employed.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00219-00096773-00097539 And so when they come to us they're saying I just need help being better at being self-employed.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00220-00097539-00098062 I'm going to hire you and hire this product you have to help me do that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00221-00098062-00098585 And so their job to be done isn't it's not a user story in our product is not.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00222-00098585-00098835 It really has nothing to do with us.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00223-00098835-00099269 They're hiring us to provide a service to get them from Hey I'm confused.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00224-00099269-00099732 I have to report my mileage to the IRS to deduct it to pay.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00225-00099732-00100086 I saved this many dollars at the end of the year.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00226-00100086-00100675 As a job to be done says they're hiring us to perform or provide a service to them.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00227-00100675-00100936 Yeah well that's what we're being hired to do.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00228-00100936-00101177 There are a lot of ways we can do that maybe it's an app.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00229-00101177-00101483 Maybe it's it's phone support maybe it's a carrier pigeon.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00230-00101483-00101726 It doesn't really matter at first.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00231-00101726-00102307 And so once we have a concept of what is the job they're trying to accomplish then we can
Zr0_FtOMx70-00232-00102307-00102883 go really broad and say how do we design for that service.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00233-00102883-00103421 And so there's lots of different ways we can do it then as service designers as companies
Zr0_FtOMx70-00234-00103421-00104186 as people we can approach it with customer success in mind because we want to be successful
Zr0_FtOMx70-00235-00104186-00104455 in getting that job done.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00236-00104455-00105119 And it really liberates us from just thinking as we provide products and we sell things
Zr0_FtOMx70-00237-00105119-00105890 to we truly perform and provide service to these people and so as I connect jobs to be
Zr0_FtOMx70-00238-00105890-00106387 done with service design it breaks away from a persona journey or a persona at all or a
Zr0_FtOMx70-00239-00106387-00107208 story and into people have something much much much bigger than us bigger than us.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00240-00107208-00107764 People who sell things to them and we truly need to be there to facilitate and assist
Zr0_FtOMx70-00241-00107764-00107900 and that can take a lot of different forms.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00242-00107900-00108000 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00243-00108000-00108100 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00244-00108100-00108373 Do you have anything to add to that Megan?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00245-00108373-00108879 Yeah so what I was surprised at was that over the last month and a half as I mentioned in
Zr0_FtOMx70-00246-00108879-00109604 our Slack community this topic has been the hottest topic of discussion and I think part
Zr0_FtOMx70-00247-00109604-00110185 of it is that as we mention in especially in this kind of digital services space very
Zr0_FtOMx70-00248-00110185-00110433 development driven companies right.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00249-00110433-00111225 We use cases of user stories are are kind of the thing the bread and butter of development
Zr0_FtOMx70-00250-00111225-00112024 focussed companies and we really our community has kind of landed on this like user stories
Zr0_FtOMx70-00251-00112024-00112241 don't cut it anymore.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00252-00112241-00112752 But jobs began as a different framework a different lens for looking at whether you're
Zr0_FtOMx70-00253-00112752-00113236 satisfying the customer need is a really useful new way to talk about it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00254-00113236-00113729 And I have to say as I've been starting to integrate this more into my conversations
Zr0_FtOMx70-00255-00113729-00114297 and my job framing things this way that has just opened up so many people's eyes on what
Zr0_FtOMx70-00256-00114297-00114853 you can do because it's not limited to like I need to be able to click on this feature.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00257-00114853-00115642 So does this phrase liberate the whole conversation from screens, apps and takes it to makes a
Zr0_FtOMx70-00258-00115642-00115827 channel agnostic.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00259-00115827-00116006 Yes yes yes exactly.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00260-00116006-00116499 And for a digital a digital services space that's really it's hard for them to make that
Zr0_FtOMx70-00261-00116499-00116641 leap.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00262-00116641-00116924 So yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00263-00116924-00117705 And what have people found so far coming from the practical side.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00264-00117705-00118517 Any practical tips or ideas or insights that have emerged that people can use tomorrow.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00265-00118517-00119386 Yes so a lot of folks are using this framework too as a way to code their research findings.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00266-00119386-00119868 So wether the for example wether the pains gains and jobs to be done that you're finding
Zr0_FtOMx70-00267-00119868-00120525 in interviewing users so it's a frame from which to conduct qualitative research.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00268-00120525-00121125 It's also if you can have googled job story there's a job story format that is out there
Zr0_FtOMx70-00269-00121125-00121523 it's a simple template but an alternative to a user story format.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00270-00121523-00122013 And I think that's a incredibly practical way to to integrate jobs to be done into into
Zr0_FtOMx70-00271-00122013-00122508 a development environment where maybe you use that to define your stories that get in
Zr0_FtOMx70-00272-00122508-00122698 your development backlog.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00273-00122698-00122992 So yeah go ahead Erik.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00274-00122992-00123438 Well one other practical application that has surprised me is that if you can get a
Zr0_FtOMx70-00275-00123438-00123940 way to explain it to other people in your company intervenors especially you have your
Zr0_FtOMx70-00276-00123940-00124400 little snippet put it in your presentation deck about what you want to do.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00277-00124400-00125050 And I think people who lead companies or organizations or parts of companies when you explain it
Zr0_FtOMx70-00278-00125050-00125575 and when I started to use the phrase jobs and jobs to be done they instantly understand
Zr0_FtOMx70-00279-00125575-00125955 it because in a high level that's how they see things as they might be managing multiple
Zr0_FtOMx70-00280-00125955-00126055 product teams.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00281-00126055-00126447 They're seeing an ecosystem and a large end to end and they kind of feel it but then kind
Zr0_FtOMx70-00282-00126447-00126926 of the siloed myopic view of people who are focused really narrowly on a part of an app
Zr0_FtOMx70-00283-00126926-00127528 or a part of a screen they lost that big picture so as soon I've said to people hey people
Zr0_FtOMx70-00284-00127528-00128094 are customers are hiring our company to perform things and we happen to be based in software
Zr0_FtOMx70-00285-00128094-00128573 or financial services but really you know we are just there to serve them in reaching
Zr0_FtOMx70-00286-00128573-00129005 a much larger goal and instantly everyone's like yeah that's what I've been talking about.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00287-00129005-00129105 That's it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00288-00129105-00129205 OK let's focus on that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00289-00129205-00129651 And then within minutes people are using the phrase that they're understanding it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00290-00129651-00129963 So like they're talking about practically finally bringing people to.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00291-00129963-00130384 It opens doors it opens doors to the service design conversation.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00292-00130384-00130638 And it's hard to do that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00293-00130638-00131197 I think it also strongly links to the why of companies right.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00294-00131197-00131474 Why are we here on Earth.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00295-00131474-00131799 Yeah that's exactly that's exactly it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00296-00131799-00132367 Making money is an outcome of how successful you are at making customers successful at
Zr0_FtOMx70-00297-00132367-00132771 what they're trying to do and they're not trying to buy a product they don't even wanna
Zr0_FtOMx70-00298-00132771-00132902 have to use it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00299-00132902-00133302 Man imagine if they get it done and not have to do anything that's kind of the ultimate
Zr0_FtOMx70-00300-00133302-00133402 goal.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00301-00133402-00133611 To work yourself out of existence.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00302-00133611-00133718 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00303-00133718-00133933 All right.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00304-00133933-00134078 Interesting jobs to be done.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00305-00134078-00134312 Google that and I think we can.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00306-00134312-00134809 It's interesting to see those crossovers coming from the digital world and things like this
Zr0_FtOMx70-00307-00134809-00135080 moving into back into the service design world.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00308-00135080-00135359 I think we can learn still a lot from that.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00309-00135359-00135911 So we have a third topic.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00310-00135911-00136159 It's called cyber services.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00311-00136159-00136532 I'm gonna gonna go.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00312-00136532-00136850 Wauw you're just on point with these questions.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00313-00136850-00136977 All right.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00314-00136977-00137128 So Erik you'll start.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00315-00137128-00137862 When will cyber services or digital services be ready to adopt services design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00316-00137862-00138247 Great question please.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00317-00138247-00138920 So I say towards cyber services it's just a way to combine two things people are familiar
Zr0_FtOMx70-00318-00138920-00139118 with.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00319-00139118-00139773 And so today at least in our world it's all everything's digital and the way we're trying
Zr0_FtOMx70-00320-00139773-00140497 to offer service you know we don't work for airlines for hotels we don't work for places
Zr0_FtOMx70-00321-00140497-00141279 that are real tangible in real life human things a lot of times it's human to machine.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00322-00141279-00141507 And if you look at the way things are going.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00323-00141507-00141633 Internet of things, AI.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00324-00141633-00142152 You've got Siri in Cortana or Alexa or whatever that what it's called.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00325-00142152-00142676 And Albots bots are huge everyone is interacting with bots so we're trying to come up with
Zr0_FtOMx70-00326-00142676-00143419 ways to serve people's needs through technology and it's sometimes taking the humanness out
Zr0_FtOMx70-00327-00143419-00143946 of one half of the equation and voice recognition and AI is inhuman.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00328-00143946-00144561 It's awesome but we're trying to create these big connected digital services that are software
Zr0_FtOMx70-00329-00144561-00144661 driven.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00330-00144661-00144761 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00331-00144761-00145565 How do we use service design and the ethos which typically relies heavily heavily on
Zr0_FtOMx70-00332-00145565-00146047 front stage or back stage actors when we're turning those actors. and Omni channel too.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00333-00146047-00146167 Omni channel Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00334-00146167-00146527 Where and now we have from a lot of people's perspectives working in these software as
Zr0_FtOMx70-00335-00146527-00146657 a service companies.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00336-00146657-00147114 They're like what do you mean Omni channel like I were digital like that's all we are.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00337-00147114-00147650 So it's even just educating people on how you can scale the methodology yeah takes time.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00338-00147650-00147943 So back to the question Erik when is it going to happen.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00339-00147943-00148098 When is it going to happen.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00340-00148098-00148603 I think right now the differentiators and the way people are going to start getting
Zr0_FtOMx70-00341-00148603-00149230 advantages is those who embrace the idea of a service mindset of serving a need of how
Zr0_FtOMx70-00342-00149230-00149855 do you perform service and maybe it is through AI maybe it is through bots maybe it is through
Zr0_FtOMx70-00343-00149855-00150489 voice recognition, home appliances that can turn your lights on and unlock your doors.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00344-00150489-00151187 But we have to accept the fact that those things act in service of a larger need.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00345-00151187-00151680 Nobody actually wants voice recognition if it doesn't perform something that enhances
Zr0_FtOMx70-00346-00151680-00151914 their lives and we're focussed.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00347-00151914-00152406 I mean everyone is focussed on what we can do and not how we apply it humanely yet.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00348-00152406-00152835 Which is why you know the Internet of Things is sometimes called the Internet of shit.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00349-00152835-00153092 Nothing works and nothing works together.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00350-00153092-00153192 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00351-00153192-00153789 So I guess that's that's for me the key of this whole talk.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00352-00153789-00154434 Applying the human part to let's say touch points in our service design world that are
Zr0_FtOMx70-00353-00154434-00154985 not where people are not involved and still making those human right.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00354-00154985-00155085 Yeah that's exactly it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00355-00155085-00155704 I mean we're we're trying to come up with scalable very smart technological means and
Zr0_FtOMx70-00356-00155704-00156212 taking the humans out of the equation and if you want to serve people through an AI
Zr0_FtOMx70-00357-00156212-00156691 voice recognition that talks back to you and simulate a human voice as closely as possible
Zr0_FtOMx70-00358-00156691-00157488 you really have to think where is the humanity in this and how do we ..... as acting as something
Zr0_FtOMx70-00359-00157488-00157809 that's performing a service.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00360-00157809-00158402 What's my larger job to be done as a person when it's all digital.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00361-00158402-00158502 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00362-00158502-00159078 The big change that is happening is that those digital touchpoints that we are creating used
Zr0_FtOMx70-00363-00159078-00159632 to be very one way as in they wouldn't interact with you.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00364-00159632-00160300 But now with Bots and AI you actually start to get some sort of interaction and an interaction
Zr0_FtOMx70-00365-00160300-00160879 that is that we also have with humans so I guess the big change is in there.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00366-00160879-00161542 It's not like a click and then nothing happens but you sort of have a two way communication
Zr0_FtOMx70-00367-00161542-00161807 with the technologies you are talking about.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00368-00161807-00162325 And these and the companies that are creating all these digital services they're set up
Zr0_FtOMx70-00369-00162325-00162770 in product silos often.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00370-00162770-00163532 And we don't see designers working across those touch points yet because you're still
Zr0_FtOMx70-00371-00163532-00164099 on the team that makes the app or a makes the this or makes that feature an I mean silos
Zr0_FtOMx70-00372-00164099-00164468 are good and necessary for development but we need a new role.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00373-00164468-00165003 We need these companies to start adopting service design as a new function in their
Zr0_FtOMx70-00374-00165003-00165103 organization.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00375-00165103-00165762 We've been reading the org design for design orgs book which lays it out so cleanly and
Zr0_FtOMx70-00376-00165762-00165936 simply if you haven't read it check it out.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00377-00165936-00166382 There's a diagram where they talk about how do you scale up a design team and how do you
Zr0_FtOMx70-00378-00166382-00166556 have service design and where does it fit.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00379-00166556-00166656 And it's awesome.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00380-00166656-00167138 It's awesome to see that laid out and published and put out there in the world for these companies
Zr0_FtOMx70-00381-00167138-00167238 that are considering.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00382-00167238-00167615 But it really we are still at the beginning of this change.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00383-00167615-00167856 Adaptive Path is definitely a leader in this space.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00384-00167856-00168181 There's others that are leaders in this space.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00385-00168181-00168485 Many of these big companies aren't there yet.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00386-00168485-00169158 Well just one little add on to that is it in the world of digital you've got very deep
Zr0_FtOMx70-00387-00169158-00169843 focused people who are designing for experiences but I have yet to find hardly any.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00388-00169843-00170414 Maybe you know senior principal level contributor designers that are working horizontally across
Zr0_FtOMx70-00389-00170414-00170681 all this working end to end building bridges.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00390-00170681-00171086 So if you're out there get in touch with us.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00391-00171086-00171430 That's what's missing in the digital world is that I think people are scared to say but
Zr0_FtOMx70-00392-00171430-00171992 if you're designing for experiences how can you not be focused on one thing how can you
Zr0_FtOMx70-00393-00171992-00172162 focus on everything horizontally.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00394-00172162-00172791 And yet customers they only experience things horizontally over time either over months
Zr0_FtOMx70-00395-00172791-00173021 or over minutes and. or years.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00396-00173021-00173439 Who's the person in our companies at shepherding the people along these touch points.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00397-00173439-00175432 Who's designing that?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00398-00175432-00177622 guys listen I want to get into service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00399-00177622-00177966 What is the ultimate tip what would you say to them.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00400-00177966-00178235 We get this question every day.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00401-00178235-00178860 I mean this is this is a constant question and I mean the first answer is is joining
Zr0_FtOMx70-00402-00178860-00179276 the community because you can put your questions out there and you'll get an answer you'll
Zr0_FtOMx70-00403-00179276-00179406 get somebody answering you.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00404-00179406-00179770 So having that community access is really important.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00405-00179770-00180226 We've created a service design 101 page on our website with some weighings.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00406-00180226-00180497 So there's a couple books we recommend.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00407-00180497-00180852 The main book is service design for business by the Livework guys.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00408-00180852-00181286 That's our number one book recommendation if you are just getting into service design
Zr0_FtOMx70-00409-00181286-00181617 I'm highly recommend reading at least the first half of that book.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00410-00181617-00182005 And and just start doing service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00411-00182005-00182536 I think that's the other big tip is is you have to find a way to try to practice this
Zr0_FtOMx70-00412-00182536-00183352 and it might mean getting out of your comfort zone and taking charge of an end to end perspective
Zr0_FtOMx70-00413-00183352-00183585 that nobody is in charge of yet.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00414-00183585-00183881 And that you thought wasn't part of your role and responsibility.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00415-00183881-00184544 So when I first got into service design I just decided to make up a project and do it
Zr0_FtOMx70-00416-00184544-00184732 and involve my team.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00417-00184732-00185211 And you know I wasn't in charge of the whole request and onboarding process for new customers
Zr0_FtOMx70-00418-00185211-00185373 but I did it anyway.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00419-00185373-00185854 And I think for those who are out there who are really struggling to find that first place
Zr0_FtOMx70-00420-00185854-00186256 to start you come during the Slack and throw out some ideas and we'll give you feedback
Zr0_FtOMx70-00421-00186256-00186456 because that's what the community is about.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00422-00186456-00186934 And if I were to a lot of times I would just tell people I would actually do like what
Zr0_FtOMx70-00423-00186934-00187122 am I going to do tomorrow.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00424-00187122-00187764 What I've seen work at tons of companies big big companies that have people that come in
Zr0_FtOMx70-00425-00187764-00187999 and they're drowning in the size of their company.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00426-00187999-00188342 What I'm going to tell people then and what I going to tell them now on the service design
Zr0_FtOMx70-00427-00188342-00189138 show is figure out how to build a blueprint of some experience get get a nice big printer
Zr0_FtOMx70-00428-00189138-00189635 you know print it out you know do the project have it ready and go find ways for executives
Zr0_FtOMx70-00429-00189635-00190029 to see it because I've seen this in some of the biggest.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00430-00190029-00190535 I mean Fortune 50 companies were some little small time personal do executives walk by
Zr0_FtOMx70-00431-00190535-00190984 and people walked by as the first time they've seen these experiences and might be responsible
Zr0_FtOMx70-00432-00190984-00191537 for hundreds of millions or billions of dollars and they look at it and where I first.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00433-00191537-00191934 One of the biggest wins I've ever had was to have kind of this crappy blueprint that
Zr0_FtOMx70-00434-00191934-00192240 I printed out on pieces of paper and then taped it all together.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00435-00192240-00192871 I didn't have a printer and I brought it into an executive review with someone, an EVP who
Zr0_FtOMx70-00436-00192871-00193172 reports right into intuits CEO and I showed it to him and I put it in front of him on
Zr0_FtOMx70-00437-00193172-00193625 the conferenceroom table and he looks at it and he's like he's pretty intimidating guy
Zr0_FtOMx70-00438-00193625-00193911 and he looks at it and he's like.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00439-00193911-00194112 This is what I'm talking about when I say end to end.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00440-00194112-00194234 That was it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00441-00194234-00194788 It was the start of everything because it was this simplistic visual that he knew about
Zr0_FtOMx70-00442-00194788-00195038 in his head as the boss of the bosses.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00443-00195038-00195219 But he didn't sit and work on this every day.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00444-00195219-00195449 And there's always people who do work on it every day.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00445-00195449-00195935 They're too low to see the big picture and suddenly you had executives and contributors
Zr0_FtOMx70-00446-00195935-00196373 on the same page with the shared knowledge looking at the literal exact same physical
Zr0_FtOMx70-00447-00196373-00196512 thing.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00448-00196512-00196964 And that took us two days worth of getting together mapping it out coming up with some
Zr0_FtOMx70-00449-00196964-00197637 weird form as it's like years ago when I started it into it and just being able to see that
Zr0_FtOMx70-00450-00197637-00198157 it awakened everybody to like service blueprinting and so make it evident.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00451-00198157-00198377 Put it in your face.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00452-00198377-00198491 That's basically your tip.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00453-00198491-00198812 Make sure I stumble all over it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00454-00198812-00198912 Yeah exactly.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00455-00198912-00199012 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00456-00199012-00199451 Don't be afraid to put yourself out there and put your work out there even if it's messy
Zr0_FtOMx70-00457-00199451-00199636 even if it looks like post-it notes.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00458-00199636-00199900 Because I can promise nobody knows the end to end.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00459-00199900-00200412 I have never seen a single company that sit down and say this is what happens to our customers
Zr0_FtOMx70-00460-00200412-00200937 from awareness to either they abandon us and leave or they become multi year.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00461-00200937-00201780 I mean intuit has customers that have been using us for 25 30 years talking about a journey.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00462-00201780-00201991 All right.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00463-00201991-00202169 Final final question.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00464-00202169-00202559 I'm sure you still have a lot of questions.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00465-00202559-00202682 Things that keep you awake.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00466-00202682-00202888 What are the topics that you are thinking about.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00467-00202888-00203571 What are your big questions?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00468-00203571-00203963 Or do you want to focus on the things that keep us awake at night.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00469-00203963-00204282 Cause there might be a difference there.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00470-00204282-00204787 Let's keep them on track with service design related things.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00471-00204787-00205275 So the things that keep me awake at night but are also on my mind all the time right
Zr0_FtOMx70-00472-00205275-00205629 now as I'm building out my team are.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00473-00205629-00205912 How do I prove the value of what we're doing.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00474-00205912-00206201 So I'm going from.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00475-00206201-00206737 Last week it was me and one other person and this week I'm the manager and I have an open
Zr0_FtOMx70-00476-00206737-00207161 rack and I got all this expectation from my company.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00477-00207161-00207261 To prove.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00478-00207261-00207723 Because I made all these promises that service design is the right thing for us to be doing.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00479-00207723-00208010 So how do I really show the value of service design.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00480-00208010-00208308 I know that's a big topic for a lot of people.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00481-00208308-00208569 How do you measure and communicate that value.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00482-00208569-00209066 That's going to be on my mind I'm sure forever that it's a big thing right now.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00483-00209066-00209406 And for you Erik?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00484-00209406-00209811 For me one of the scariest parts of service design that keeps me up at night.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00485-00209811-00210129 And if people are thinking like oh I want to move to the Bay Area I'm going to do it
Zr0_FtOMx70-00486-00210129-00210300 out there that sounds awesome.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00487-00210300-00210901 I would say right now that person would be ahead of their time and you're really narrowing
Zr0_FtOMx70-00488-00210901-00211235 places that are going to get it and really narrowing down where you're going to be able
Zr0_FtOMx70-00489-00211235-00211335 to work.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00490-00211335-00211781 And it's scary when you're doing something that you believe in and you can really see
Zr0_FtOMx70-00491-00211781-00211935 it starting to work.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00492-00211935-00212634 But it's almost like look no one's going to hire you to do that because we don't get it.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00493-00212634-00212775 You have to make your own way.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00494-00212775-00213019 Yeah you're specializing yourself out of a job.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00495-00213019-00213548 In something that in 10 years you'll be you'll be you know you'll have the keys to the kingdom
Zr0_FtOMx70-00496-00213548-00213648 but right now.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00497-00213648-00213748 Yeah.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00498-00213748-00214484 You really have to find inspired innovative forward thinking places who can say...
Zr0_FtOMx70-00499-00214484-00214757 Like me personally I'm not worried about how things are today.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00500-00214757-00215235 I'm worried about how they were going to be in the future and you're gonna have to find
Zr0_FtOMx70-00501-00215235-00215710 special people who also believe in that as much as you believe in it and that's what
Zr0_FtOMx70-00502-00215710-00216069 keeps me up at night is Did I overspecialised?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00503-00216069-00216341 Did I overspecialise.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00504-00216341-00216523 And finding a people.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00505-00216523-00217271 Well you know it's still we've been doing this for the last 10 years and we're still
Zr0_FtOMx70-00506-00217271-00217917 we still need to explain and show value to people and I guess this won't be over tomorrow
Zr0_FtOMx70-00507-00217917-00218602 and I'm really happy that a lot of people see the value and and are interested in that
Zr0_FtOMx70-00508-00218602-00218769 and we need to spread the word.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00509-00218769-00219123 That's the only thing we can do right?
Zr0_FtOMx70-00510-00219123-00219661 I mean that's that's what we're all about is helping helping make space for that next
Zr0_FtOMx70-00511-00219661-00219948 generation to take root.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00512-00219948-00220048 Awesome.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00513-00220048-00220398 Megan, Erik thanks for your time.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00514-00220398-00221006 It was great talking about these topics and these were really interesting topics that
Zr0_FtOMx70-00515-00221006-00221255 haven't been on the show that much.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00516-00221255-00221392 So thank you again.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00517-00221392-00221617 Thank you so much.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00518-00221617-00221717 It was fun
Zr0_FtOMx70-00519-00221717-00222091 What are your thoughts about the topics we've just discussed with Erik and Megan.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00520-00222091-00222286 How do you make Service Design practical.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00521-00222286-00222573 Let us know down below in the comments.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00522-00222573-00223011 If you enjoyed this episode and like to see more interviews with service design pioneers.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00523-00223011-00223394 Check out some of the past episodes and subscribe to the channel.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00524-00223394-00223679 We bring in a new video every two weeks.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00525-00223679-00223839 For now.
Zr0_FtOMx70-00526-00223839-00224073 Thanks for watching and see you in the next episode.
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ZrqNKhg6Shg-00001-00010472-00011384 so
ZrqNKhg6Shg-00002-00011888-00012784 so
ZrqNKhg6Shg-00003-00013784-00013834 you
Z_2eL8FkyEu-00000-00001319-00001419 subscribe now
Z_2eL8FkyEu-00001-00001419-00001523 ballroom dance
Z_2eL8FkyEu-00002-00001523-00001573 dancesport video
Z_2eL8FkyEu-00003-00002260-00002310 samba
Z_2eL8FkyEu-00004-00002310-00002360 ohio star ball
Z_2eL8FkyEu-00005-00002495-00002545 panache star video
Z_55akV2VaI-00000-00001500-00002100 Diffraction is a phenomenon characteristic of waves, which occurs when waves find an obstacle in their way, such as a narrow slit
Z_55akV2VaI-00001-00002300-00002700 As the source of light we used a laser beam.
Z_55akV2VaI-00002-00003000-00003400 For the first experiment, we use a rectangular slit
Z_55akV2VaI-00003-00003800-00004400 The laser is turned on and the beam is passed through the rectangular slit, thus obtaining the diffraction pattern
Z_55akV2VaI-00004-00004800-00005400 This phenomenon is based on Huygens' principle, which states that each point of the slit through which light passes can be regarded as a source of secondary waves
Z_55akV2VaI-00005-00005600-00006000 The diffraction pattern is the result of the superposition of the light that comes from the emitting side
Z_55akV2VaI-00006-00007300-00007800 The rectangular slit is changed by a circular one
Z_55akV2VaI-00007-00008200-00008600 We also introduce a divergent lens to make the pattern larger
Z_55akV2VaI-00008-00009000-00009600 The laser is turned on and the beam passes through the circular slit, thus obtaining the diffraction pattern
ZCpsGojFkky-00000-00000000-00000200 Boron The Fifth Element in the Periodic Table.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00000-00000048-00000632 Concepts and theories are basic products of social science research. When you read a research article
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00001-00000632-00001416 the first time or hear a theory the first time it might be difficult to understand what that
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00002-00001416-00002039 article or what that theory is about. Unless you understand what the concepts that the article or
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00003-00002039-00002544 theory addresses are. For this reason it is very important to be able to identify
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00004-00002544-00003208 the key concepts in an article and also find the definitions for those concepts. Sometimes the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00005-00003208-00003784 definition is provided by article, sometimes it is assumed to be common knowledge. Sometimes you
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00006-00003784-00004224 need to go elsewhere to look for a definition. Without understanding how the concepts are
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00007-00004224-00004792 defined in an article, it is very difficult to understand what the article actually is about.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00008-00004864-00005424 Let's start by looking at what is theory. Sometimes theory is thought of being opposite
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00009-00005424-00006000 of practice but in social sciences and in science more generally, theory has a more specific
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00010-00006000-00006672 meaning. Theory is a set of connected statements about causal relationships between concepts.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00011-00006800-00007656 Importantly, theory does not simply state that x causes y, but the theory also explains the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00012-00007656-00008440 causal process. How, when and why x causes y. For example we could have a proposition, which is a
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00013-00008504-00009136 basic causal claim within a theory, that innovativeness causes companies to be
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00014-00009136-00009896 moresuccessful. To have a theory to support that proposition we would have to explain the different
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00015-00009960-00010544 causal pathways or the different mechanisms, through which innovativeness causes companies
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00016-00010544-00011312 to be more successful. For example, we could say that innovativeness allows companies to come up
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00017-00011312-00011928 with better products, better products allowing them to capture more market share and that allows
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00018-00011928-00012536 them to grow and be more profitable. We could also say that innovativeness allows them to have
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00019-00012536-00013256 improved processes, less scrap, more efficiency, and therefore lower costs and more profitability.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00020-00013256-00014024 So that kind of how, when and why explanation is required for a theory along with the proposition
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00021-00014024-00014512 which states that they are the key causal relationship that the theory is about.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00022-00014512-00015200 Quite often theories contain multiple propositions so we might have for example a theory
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00023-00015200-00016047 that early international expansion leads to growth but it also leads to a higher risk of failure.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00024-00016152-00016816 Now, let's take a look at concepts. Our example article is by Harry Sapienza and co-authors from
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00025-00016816-00017568 2006 in Academic Management Review, which is a journal that publishes only non-empirical
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00026-00017568-00018232 articles. A non-empirical article is an article that advances some kind of theoretical argument or
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00027-00018232-00018712 presents some kind of theory but does not present any evidence back in that
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00028-00018712-00019440 theory. This kind of articles present a new idea but don't necessarily test the idea.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00029-00019440-00020096 Let's take a look at the theory of this paper and how we can make sense of this paper.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00030-00020096-00020712 Of course you can start reading the paper from the first line and proceed like you would read a novel
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00031-00020712-00021232 from the beginning to the end and hope that you will understand it as you go. But that's not the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00032-00021232-00022160 most efficient or effective way to understand an article. It's better to first skim through
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00033-00022160-00022752 the article to get an idea of what the article is about. And then try to identify the key concepts.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00034-00022824-00023312 What you're basically looking for when you evaluate an article that presents a theory is
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00035-00023408-00024048 something like this. This article presents a graphical summary of all the propositions. So each
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00036-00024048-00024760 of these propositions - there are eight in total - is a causal claim that the article also explains.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00037-00024864-00025416 Once you start to read an article the first thing that you need to understand or identify
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00038-00025416-00026192 is what are the key concepts. And then how are they defined. It's pretty obvious that because
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00039-00026192-00026880 each of these box presents a concept, these boxes at least should be considered the key concepts.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00040-00026952-00027527 Once we have the key concepts we need to identify how are the concepts causally related. So
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00041-00027600-00028239 each of these arrows presents a proposition which corresponds to a causal statement.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00042-00028239-00028944 So the article says that once you decide to go international that actually decreases the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00043-00028944-00029712 probability of survival. Then the article contains an explanation of why that is so. But that's not
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00044-00029712-00030512 the only place where you find these concepts. You need to also look at the concepts within the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00045-00030512-00031288 arrows. The arrows present the causal mechanisms. You need to look at the "why", why do these arrows
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00046-00031288-00031983 exist. What kind of concepts are used to explain the mechanisms that there are in these arrows.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00047-00032104-00032736 Then once you have identified all the concepts you need to understand what the concepts are about.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00048-00032736-00033376 So if we just look at these boxes, six boxes here. Probability of firm survival,
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00049-00033376-00033904 we understand survival means not dying. Growing means getting bigger,
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00050-00033904-00034400 that's pretty easy to understand. Age, it's pretty easy to understand. Experience, we have
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00051-00034400-00034968 an intuitive understanding what experience means. But what is resource fungibility.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00052-00035080-00035528 How do we define resource fungibility? What is the meaning of this term?
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00053-00035528-00036232 Also there is the theory part, the part that explains the logic behind these arrows, contains
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00054-00036232-00036832 concepts such as dynamic capabilities and imprinting. If we go and ask any person at
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00055-00036832-00037288 the university what is dynamic capabilities, what is imprinting, what is fungibility,
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00056-00037352-00037960 if that person is not familiar with this literature they have probably no idea. But to
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00057-00037960-00038720 understand this paper you need to understand these terms. How do we know what these terms mean? Quite
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00058-00038720-00039320 often, once you have identified the key terms you can start looking for definitions in the article.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00059-00039384-00039864 This is a good article and it presents definitions, for example here is the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00060-00039864-00040448 definition of dynamic capabilities. It states that the dynamic capabilities are organizational
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00061-00040560-00041128 and strategic routines by which managers alter firms resource base through acquiring, shedding,
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00062-00041128-00041872 integrating and recombining resources to generate new value-creating strategies. And well, a dynamic
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00063-00041872-00042488 capability is a special kind of capability. So it's worth also defining what the capability is
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00064-00042544-00043344 and how dynamic capabilities differ from other kinds of capabilities. Based on this description
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00065-00043416-00044088 we can understand a dynamic capability is something that allows firms to develop new
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00066-00044088-00044712 capabilities or reconfigure existing capabilities. So the dynamic capabilities basically are the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00067-00044712-00045328 capability of a firm to adapt to its environment or create new things. If you want to know more
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00068-00045408-00045976 there is citation to Eisenhardt & Martin's article from which this definition comes from.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00069-00046040-00046624 Quite often, when an article presents a concept and it presents a definition, if that article
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00070-00046624-00047176 is not the first one to come up with that concept and the definition, they will cite the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00071-00047176-00047880 source or the original source of that concept. Dynamic capabilities was not, or capability,
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00072-00047880-00048736 was not introduced by Eisenhardt & Martin but the definition that this article by Sapienza applies
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00073-00048736-00049456 comes from that article. Sometimes we change the definition of a concept because we have realized
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00074-00049456-00050088 that how we use the concept has actually evolved or we realize that the existing definition was
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00075-00050088-00050712 too imprecise, it was easy to misunderstand or something and then we need to redefine it.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00076-00050712-00051240 Just that everyone has a shared vocabulary and that we understand what we are talking
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00077-00051240-00051888 about. And both the reader and the author can have the shared meaning for the same concept.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00078-00052064-00052512 If you want to know more about capabilities this article points to Nelson and Winter's book
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00079-00052567-00053136 and then that's a book length treatment of what routines and capabilities are for those who are
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00080-00053136-00053720 more interested. Of course, if you're just looking at this article as a part of a course work or part
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00081-00053720-00054200 of a larger review you probably don't want to go to these original sources but it's nice to have
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00082-00054200-00054704 them available in case you for example want to write the dissertation about dynamic capabilities.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00083-00054776-00055528 Here we have a definition of imprinting. It comes from Hannan and Stinchcombe's work.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00084-00055608-00056072 The idea of imprinting is that it is something, it is a process through, which something that
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00085-00056072-00056696 happens early on in a life cycle has a lasting consequence. How would you know what imprinting
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00086-00056696-00057191 means? Well you can look for this definition or you can perhaps put the term in Google.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00087-00057191-00057704 Maybe you have seen the term imprinting used in different contexts. Generally, when you
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00088-00057704-00058328 see a term used the first time in an article there's a definition for it or at least the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00089-00058328-00059000 definition can be found somewhere near the first use of the term. For example if the introduction
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00090-00059000-00059464 states that there is imprinting involved, then the definition of imprinting might be in the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00091-00059464-00059928 theory part that follows the introduction that explains the imprinting process in more detail.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00092-00060008-00060800 Then we have the definition for fungibility. It relates to whether resources
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00093-00060800-00061544 can be used for different purposes. And once we understand what these concepts are about then it's
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00094-00061544-00062344 a lot simpler to understand what the actual theory is about. So when you read an article, you need
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00095-00062344-00063024 to identify the concepts, you need to identify the definitions and then you can understand it.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00096-00063136-00063464 What if a concept is not defined? For example this article uses
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00097-00063544-00064167 the term resource endowment, which it does not present the definition for. Well,
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00098-00064248-00064720 we need to first consider is that a central concept. The answer to this question is no.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00099-00064776-00065367 We don't need to know what is the exact definition of what resource endowment means. But if we have
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00100-00065367-00065968 no idea what endowment is, we can simply look at the dictionary definition. So put it in Google
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00101-00065968-00066440 and you'll find a definition. "An endowment is something that you initially have or possess."
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00102-00066552-00067072 So resource endowment could be understood as what your initial resources are in a company.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00103-00067176-00067864 Of course dictionary and definitions are not always the same as the definitions used in social
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00104-00067864-00068512 science research. And sometimes the same term is applied with different definitions in different
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00105-00068512-00069288 fields or different contexts. But if you simply want to understand the argument of a paper and
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00106-00069288-00069752 the concept is not central to that paper, then dictionary definitions are good enough for you.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00107-00069864-00070368 You should not shy away from putting things to Google and checking the definitions and
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00108-00070368-00070800 try to understand it that way. If you understand a detail incorrectly
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00109-00070800-00071240 it does not really make a difference for your understanding of the main idea of the paper.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00110-00071328-00071808 So how do you evaluate articles? How do you understand theory and how do you understand
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00111-00071808-00072560 non-numerical papers? First of all you need to identify the key concepts. Quite often the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00112-00072560-00073040 key concepts are presented in boxes and arrows like this. So boxes are the concepts, arrows are
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00113-00073040-00073904 the propositions that state, the claimed causal relationships. If an article does not present such
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00114-00074024-00074920 a graphic or such a figure as this one, then I quite often draw a figure myself. So an article
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00115-00074920-00075552 that presents theory quite often has propositions and propositions are in the form x causes y.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00116-00075608-00076344 So I will put all the x's in boxes and the y's in boxes and connect the x's and y's using arrows.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00117-00076344-00077016 And I'll draw this kind of figure based on what the paper writes and that helps.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00118-00077072-00077392 Then I start looking at okay, so what is fungibility.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00119-00077392-00078072 I go through the central concepts. Typically there are few, maybe 10, maybe less, maybe a bit more.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00120-00078240-00078584 Importantly not all concepts are central. For example resource endowment
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00121-00078664-00079024 is not something that you need to really understand to understand this theory.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00122-00079176-00079704 Then you need to look at the boxes and the explanation of the arrows. Once you have the
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00123-00079704-00080208 list of the different key concepts then you start looking for the definitions.What those
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00124-00080208-00080768 definitions are? Definitions often found in the article. Underline the key definitions.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00125-00080768-00081272 If you can't find it in the article, you open the article, you type the concept
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00126-00081272-00081832 in the pdf-search. If you still can't find the definition then put it in Google.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00127-00081896-00082424 Sometimes a concept, like "age", is common knowledge and it does not need to be defined.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00128-00082504-00083000 Once you have identified the key concepts and their definitions, then you read the article.
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00129-00083000-00083592 So once you understand what imprinting is, then you are in the position to read and understand
ZFEBl_CXvjo-00130-00083656-00084384 why imprinting would have an effect on, for example a probability of firm growth.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00000-00000000-00000558 I will apologize in advance in case my video freezes because bandwidth has
ZGyCHdKB03y-00001-00000558-00001019 been a bit of a challenge the last couple of days so hi everyone my name is
ZGyCHdKB03y-00002-00001019-00001437 Nanjala Nyabola as you heard and welcome to my home
ZGyCHdKB03y-00003-00001437-00001902 this isn't exactly how we all pictured this event going down but I'm just so
ZGyCHdKB03y-00004-00001902-00002303 grateful that the team has you know thought creatively about keeping this
ZGyCHdKB03y-00005-00002303-00002724 going because I I think it's such an important forum and especially as we
ZGyCHdKB03y-00006-00002724-00003119 look at what's happening in the world right now I think it's really important
ZGyCHdKB03y-00007-00003119-00003495 to touch base with some of the values and principles and ideas that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00008-00003495-00004173 underpin the innovations that are coming up around us. You know, the global
ZGyCHdKB03y-00009-00004173-00004719 health pandemic, the global health crisis is consuming a lot of oxygen
ZGyCHdKB03y-00010-00004719-00005046 in the room it's taking up a lot of space and rightly so, this
ZGyCHdKB03y-00011-00005046-00005457 is an inflection point I think for a just the way we do life. Like
ZGyCHdKB03y-00012-00005457-00005892 Mark said we're never going to be the same again as a global society.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00013-00005892-00006155 But some of the moments that are happening also have to do with
ZGyCHdKB03y-00014-00006155-00006429 technology; were thinking about surveillance, we're thinking about
ZGyCHdKB03y-00015-00006429-00006929 smart cities.  I was reading this article about these
ZGyCHdKB03y-00016-00006929-00007428 smart thermometers that people have that are hooked up to the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00017-00007428-00008052 internet and the platform the people who provide the tag are now able to map
ZGyCHdKB03y-00018-00008052-00008496 people's body temperatures in the United States and there was a guy who was
ZGyCHdKB03y-00019-00008496-00008921 trying to speculate online as to whether Florida is actually in the middle of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00020-00008921-00009438 COVID-19 outbreak. And there's so many layers to that that you know just off
ZGyCHdKB03y-00021-00009438-00009836 the top of your head you kind of think, wow, first of all, yes it's anonymized data
ZGyCHdKB03y-00022-00009836-00010364 but it's all on Twitter and people that are speculating on so many things
ZGyCHdKB03y-00023-00010364-00010757 that are probably better left in the hands of experts and public health
ZGyCHdKB03y-00024-00010757-00011279 analysts. The intersection between privacy and policymaking and all
ZGyCHdKB03y-00025-00011279-00011645 of that stuff is stuff that we're going to really have to think about hard.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00026-00011645-00012153 Surveillance, you know, has become a big part of the fight against COVID-19 in a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00027-00012153-00012510 lot of countries and we have to check ourselves and check in with our values
ZGyCHdKB03y-00028-00012510-00012891 so what I'm gonna be doing with this presentation is hopefully providing a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00029-00012891-00013308 moment for that - for checking in with our values about civic tech and what it
ZGyCHdKB03y-00030-00013308-00013668 means to build technology for politics and for
ZGyCHdKB03y-00031-00013668-00014184 democracy with a small D that is not necessarily, you know, standing in line to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00032-00014184-00014615 cast your ballots but actually the participation in our societies; what does
ZGyCHdKB03y-00033-00014615-00014996 that look like, what kind of values do we want to hold up. And as Mark said I'm
ZGyCHdKB03y-00034-00014996-00015401 going to be drawing a lot from my own research in Kenya which is where I am
ZGyCHdKB03y-00035-00015401-00015956 born and raised where I live but I think that the lessons of Kenya are applicable
ZGyCHdKB03y-00036-00015956-00016535 in so many contexts because a lot of the stuff as a society early
ZGyCHdKB03y-00037-00016535-00017103 adopters that mean the development in terms of developing countries we've had
ZGyCHdKB03y-00038-00017103-00017475 a lot of moments of friction and we've had a lot of moments where, you know, it's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00039-00017475-00017843 kind of felt like everything was going to fall apart and then didn't at the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00040-00017843-00018348 very last moment. And even as I talk about Kenya I hope
ZGyCHdKB03y-00041-00018348-00018734 that you would find things and you would draw things that you can apply in your
ZGyCHdKB03y-00042-00018734-00019320 own national/international/regional context and as I said I'm not going to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00043-00019320-00019898 tell you stuff I'm going to give you some things to think about and leave
ZGyCHdKB03y-00044-00019898-00020285 you with some questions that I'm grappling with as a researcher as a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00045-00020285-00020625 participant in this space and I hope that they will be applicable to you too.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00046-00020625-00021194 I wanted to start by...it's really actually very handy for me that we're
ZGyCHdKB03y-00047-00021194-00021662 doing this format because I never make slides so I'm not going to make slides
ZGyCHdKB03y-00048-00021662-00022154 I just get a very physical and demonstrate with my arms but I just want
ZGyCHdKB03y-00049-00022154-00022637 you to imagine a triangle with the state at the top and the citizen in one corner
ZGyCHdKB03y-00050-00022637-00023051 and the corporation is in the other corner. To me, this triangle kind
ZGyCHdKB03y-00051-00023051-00023562 of represents the relationship between the three key actors in the space of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00052-00023562-00024023 technology and participation in democracy and society and what you want
ZGyCHdKB03y-00053-00024023-00024450 in an ideal world is you want balance, you want a healthy tension between the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00054-00024450-00024729 three points of the triangle in order for there to be a successful
ZGyCHdKB03y-00055-00024729-00025281 relationship. Once one angle once one point of the triangle has far more power
ZGyCHdKB03y-00056-00025281-00025610 than the others, once there's a little sense there of imbalance then you
ZGyCHdKB03y-00057-00025610-00025932 start to have these challenges that play out in the democratic space and that's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00058-00025932-00026637 exactly what happens in Kenya. We went from a process whereby the citizen
ZGyCHdKB03y-00059-00026637-00027052 had taken the lead in the using technology
ZGyCHdKB03y-00060-00027052-00027502 and incorporating technology into public participation to a point where we
ZGyCHdKB03y-00061-00027502-00027865 are at now where the states and the corporations are almost in collusion with
ZGyCHdKB03y-00062-00027865-00028537 each other have way too much power so it becomes really difficult as a citizen to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00063-00028537-00029119 find voice, you know, and to be able to be represented in your society. But if you
ZGyCHdKB03y-00064-00029119-00029440 think about it just theoretically then what's the point what's the point of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00065-00029440-00029756 being in a society like the questions that we're asking ourselves about now
ZGyCHdKB03y-00066-00029756-00030305 with COVID 19 what's the point of being a society of being a polity if your
ZGyCHdKB03y-00067-00030305-00030743 state is paying more attention to the interests of a corporation than it is to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00068-00030743-00031222 the interests of the citizen. This is the tension that I think underpins a lot of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00069-00031222-00031702 the conversations that we're having right now about civic tech that we are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00070-00031702-00032143 entering a moment whereby the people who are building the technology have a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00071-00032143-00032569 tremendous amount of power in the legislative space, in the participation
ZGyCHdKB03y-00072-00032569-00033056 space, in the representation space ,and the people who are consuming the people
ZGyCHdKB03y-00073-00033056-00033568 who are legislating the states are more responsive to corporations than they are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00074-00033568-00034286 to citizens. And it's disrupting our lives. I think about
ZGyCHdKB03y-00075-00034286-00034862 social media for example myself as a Kenyan social media user if there is a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00076-00034862-00035287 moment where a social media platform a British public relations corporation can
ZGyCHdKB03y-00077-00035287-00035774 use social media to develop hate speech and targeting a Kenyan election you know
ZGyCHdKB03y-00078-00035774-00036181 trying to miss inform a Kenyan electorate and that results in violence
ZGyCHdKB03y-00079-00036181-00036931 in Kenya what recourse that I have as a Kenyan citizen? You know because the social
ZGyCHdKB03y-00080-00036931-00037384 media company is responsive to an American shareholder, is responsive to an
ZGyCHdKB03y-00081-00037384-00037781 American legislator, is governed by the American State, where do I come in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00082-00037781-00038225 what can I vote I can't vote I don't own shares in the company I don't have any
ZGyCHdKB03y-00083-00038225-00038656 control over what happens in that space and so for me it's coming back to the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00084-00038656-00039034 fundamental it's about balance and it's about synergy and the second point that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00085-00039034-00039316 I want to tie to that but I want underscore before I go into my
ZGyCHdKB03y-00086-00039316-00039931 presentation is this word 'citizen'. I think it's really important for us to be
ZGyCHdKB03y-00087-00039931-00040334 very deliberate about using the word citizen and not consumer
ZGyCHdKB03y-00088-00040334-00040919 and not user because I think citizen recognizes that as human beings there's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00089-00040919-00041396 a political context in which we are adopting this technology and we're using
ZGyCHdKB03y-00090-00041396-00042002 the technology. Citizens have rights, citizens have even obligations within
ZGyCHdKB03y-00091-00042002-00042484 their political space. Consumers are passive, consumers receive,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00092-00042484-00043072 consumers are only valuable in as much as for example they have monetary
ZGyCHdKB03y-00093-00043072-00043433 contribution that they can pay for something then you become a consumer but
ZGyCHdKB03y-00094-00043433-00043868 if you're not paying for something then you're almost invalid in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00095-00043868-00044263 that particular discourse. Again, I go back to the example of social media and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00096-00044263-00044747 I think about how we say there are a hundred thousand for example a hundred
ZGyCHdKB03y-00097-00044747-00045131 thousand Twitter accounts in Kenya that's not the number just it's an
ZGyCHdKB03y-00098-00045131-00045605 example and there are 47 million people in Kenya 20 million of those are adults
ZGyCHdKB03y-00099-00045605-00045962 if there are hundred thousand Twitter consumers then Twitter is in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00100-00045962-00046372 conversation with those particular hundred thousand people the remaining 19.9
ZGyCHdKB03y-00101-00046372-00046834 million people are not part of that conversation but what happens
ZGyCHdKB03y-00102-00046834-00047288 with that particular framework is what if the discourse that's happening on
ZGyCHdKB03y-00103-00047288-00047719 that social network is affecting political participation, is affecting how
ZGyCHdKB03y-00104-00047719-00048074 people vote, it's misinformation, it's disinformation, it's all of these things
ZGyCHdKB03y-00105-00048074-00048386 that are going to have real-world consequences for the remaining 19.9
ZGyCHdKB03y-00106-00048386-00048809 million people. That's why I'm very very deliberate about using the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00107-00048809-00049184 word citizen in my discourse and not the word consumer and not the word user
ZGyCHdKB03y-00108-00049184-00049684 because I want us to be very intentional about recognizing the political and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00109-00049684-00050159 social context into which we put this technology that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00110-00050159-00050633 seeing the human being in the 360 and not just in relation to that particular
ZGyCHdKB03y-00111-00050633-00051121 product and how that person incorporates it into their life. So with that in mind
ZGyCHdKB03y-00112-00051121-00051808 just a very brief political history of Kenya: whenever I speak about my
ZGyCHdKB03y-00113-00051808-00052120 book I always have to qualify and say I didn't write about Kenya just because I
ZGyCHdKB03y-00114-00052120-00052613 am Kenyan, although it helps, but I wrote about Kenya because you know when you
ZGyCHdKB03y-00115-00052613-00053107 read about technology in the developing world Kenya comes up quite a bit
ZGyCHdKB03y-00116-00053107-00053447 you know we talk about mobile money and talk about how it's the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00117-00053447-00054041 largest it used to be the most  users but now I think Bangladesh has
ZGyCHdKB03y-00118-00054041-00054523 more users even though Bangladesh is a much bigger country population wise.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00119-00054523-00055033 In 2017 mobile money transactions announced to the equivalent
ZGyCHdKB03y-00120-00055033-00055492 of one third of Kenya's GDP so that's a tremendous amount of money that people
ZGyCHdKB03y-00121-00055492-00056024 are moving around and it has had a tangible impact in the way people relate
ZGyCHdKB03y-00122-00056024-00056585 to public life. The  reason why I picked Kenya is
ZGyCHdKB03y-00123-00056585-00057323 because I think it demonstrates really a lot of the collisions between tech and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00124-00057323-00057788 society that the rest of the world is now having to grapple with whether we're
ZGyCHdKB03y-00125-00057788-00058136 talking about foreign influence in elections, whether we're talking about
ZGyCHdKB03y-00126-00058136-00058532 going fully digital having computerised elections as opposed to paper-based
ZGyCHdKB03y-00127-00058532-00058841 votes, whether we're talking about misinformation disinformation you know
ZGyCHdKB03y-00128-00058841-00059311 the UK is worrying about this in 2017 we've been worrying about it since 2013
ZGyCHdKB03y-00129-00059311-00059789 whether we're talking about the retreat of the traditional media and the rise
ZGyCHdKB03y-00130-00059789-00060170 of social media as the main size of political discourse these are all things
ZGyCHdKB03y-00131-00060170-00060761 that Kenya has been at the forefront of over the last 10 - 15 years and so that's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00132-00060761-00061277 why I thought it was a really interesting point of study to sort of if
ZGyCHdKB03y-00133-00061277-00061685 I had written a book as I say this in the book if I had written a book
ZGyCHdKB03y-00134-00061685-00062092 about the United States I wouldn't have had to qualify it in that way I wouldn't
ZGyCHdKB03y-00135-00062092-00062483 have had to say well, you know, actually you know this is the reason why but when
ZGyCHdKB03y-00136-00062483-00063014 we think about the developing world and technology we tend to see it almost in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00137-00063014-00063404 as I say pathological way like it's like a little island - the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00138-00063404-00063641 developing countries are doing this thing and the rest of us are doing this
ZGyCHdKB03y-00139-00063641-00063962 thing and this thing that the developed world is doing is universal but this
ZGyCHdKB03y-00140-00063962-00064376 other thing is very specific. But the point I wanted to make is that it can be
ZGyCHdKB03y-00141-00064376-00065104 universalized. So just a lightning round history of Kenya:
ZGyCHdKB03y-00142-00065104-00066145 colonization 1897, war of independence between 1952 and 1959, independence in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00143-00066145-00066905 1963, one-party rule from 1963 until 1992. We have our first
ZGyCHdKB03y-00144-00066905-00067400 multi-party election in 1992. The 30 odd years
ZGyCHdKB03y-00145-00067400-00067945 before that have all been characterized by, you know, political instability,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00146-00067945-00068347 assassinations and increasing increasing increasing authoritarianism, and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00147-00068347-00068861 a tension between the press and the government and this whole public sphere
ZGyCHdKB03y-00148-00068861-00069296 that's trying to emerge but it's finding resistance from the authoritarian state.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00149-00069296-00070007 So 1992 election we had the first multi-party election it's violent. 1997 we
ZGyCHdKB03y-00150-00070007-00070544 have an election it's also violent. 2002 is the first election that we've had
ZGyCHdKB03y-00151-00070544-00070985 since independence that is considered 'peaceful' there is a transition between
ZGyCHdKB03y-00152-00070985-00071525 the authoritarian state and the opposition and it's a moment of hope.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00153-00071525-00071930 After all of these years finally we're starting to get the hang of this
ZGyCHdKB03y-00154-00071930-00072539 democracy thing. 2005 we had a constitutional referendum and again the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00155-00072539-00072848 opposition wins but it's not the same opposition there's been some
ZGyCHdKB03y-00156-00072848-00073262 realignment and we're going into the 2007 election with an opposition that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00157-00073262-00073787 that has social momentum, that has the belief that they're going to win the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00158-00073787-00074450 2007 election and so when the Election Commission in 2007 announces that the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00159-00074450-00075215 president has won it is incredibly disruptive.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00160-00075215-00075623 The 1997 and 1992 elections are more violent but the 2007 election
ZGyCHdKB03y-00161-00075623-00076070 happens in a very short window of time. The president is sworn in the middle
ZGyCHdKB03y-00162-00076070-00076415 of the night because, you know, there's protests in the streets and people are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00163-00076415-00077051 being arrested and being killed. So what had happened between 2005
ZGyCHdKB03y-00164-00077051-00077516 and 2006 is what sets the tone for everything that comes next. First of all
ZGyCHdKB03y-00165-00077516-00077933 you had the innovations of social media, all kinds of blogging starts to take off
ZGyCHdKB03y-00166-00077933-00078506 because the traditional media has, after that upswing in the 90s, has started to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00167-00078506-00078971 retreat once again and there was very obvious intimidation by the state. For
ZGyCHdKB03y-00168-00078971-00079469 example, we had one incident whereby the second largest newspaper their offices
ZGyCHdKB03y-00169-00079469-00079847 were burnt down and the Minister for internal security was interviewed and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00170-00079847-00080159 asked you know we saw people in fatigues
ZGyCHdKB03y-00171-00080159-00080417 at this fire and he said without denying it
ZGyCHdKB03y-00172-00080417-00080864 what do you expect if you rattle a snake you can expect to get bitten, and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00173-00080864-00081332 this is an admission by the state that they were involved in the violence
ZGyCHdKB03y-00174-00081332-00081818 against the Free Press. We had a lot of incidents of intimidation and blogging
ZGyCHdKB03y-00175-00081818-00082166 then starts to take shape as a place where people can start to have
ZGyCHdKB03y-00176-00082166-00082910 conversations and participate in the polity. You had mobile money invented/
ZGyCHdKB03y-00177-00082910-00083198 launched in 2006 and again it's important to remember that Kenya is a dual
ZGyCHdKB03y-00178-00083198-00083729 system so we have people living in urban areas on theory most people in Kenya
ZGyCHdKB03y-00179-00083729-00084029 live in urban areas, a lot of people not most,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00180-00084029-00084377 a lot of people who live in urban areas but in practice people live in urban
ZGyCHdKB03y-00181-00084377-00084875 areas and have much of their family in rural areas and so whenever there's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00182-00084875-00085184 a holiday, whenever there's like a long break, we have this massive exodus of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00183-00085184-00085502 people from the cities to the countryside. When you have this election
ZGyCHdKB03y-00184-00085502-00085970 of violence in 2007 people can't physically go to the village but the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00185-00085970-00086414 people in the village who are dependent on their money, on on their food, you know,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00186-00086414-00086894 they can't survive and so the fact that mobile money was developed in 2006 makes
ZGyCHdKB03y-00187-00086894-00087308 it possible for people in urban areas to maintain that connection with the rural
ZGyCHdKB03y-00188-00087308-00087758 areas and suddenly mobile money becomes not just this weird quirky thing that,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00189-00087758-00088214 you know, 50,000 people are doing but the main lifeline through which people
ZGyCHdKB03y-00190-00088214-00088549 are able to sustain these connections throughout the three months of upheaval.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00191-00088549-00089336 And then crucially, the introduction of technology into politics
ZGyCHdKB03y-00192-00089336-00089843 in Kenya was a deliberate choice it was not accidental because after we had that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00193-00089843-00090413 violence in 2007 we had a peaceful a peace I don't want to call the treaty
ZGyCHdKB03y-00194-00090413-00090704 because the treaty makes it sound like there was a war but there was a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00195-00090704-00091211 reconciliation process that came up with four different documents one of which is
ZGyCHdKB03y-00196-00091211-00091577 called the independent review commission (IRK) or the Kriegler Commission, and the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00197-00091577-00092168 Kriegler Commission explicitly says let's use computers to restore trust in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00198-00092168-00092693 the electoral process because we've had that 1992 violence, that 1997 violence it's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00199-00092693-00093206 not getting any better maybe computers will fix it. This then
ZGyCHdKB03y-00200-00093206-00093518 becomes the approach that governs how technology
ZGyCHdKB03y-00201-00093518-00093947 is deployed in government in Kenya after that,  that is constantly using technology
ZGyCHdKB03y-00202-00093947-00094433 to try and plug in these trust deficits and finding that it's actually not that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00203-00094433-00094889 easy and sometimes it fails altogether because trust is not something that you
ZGyCHdKB03y-00204-00094889-00095384 build in a machine it's something that you build in dialogue with your citizens. So,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00205-00095384-00095663 you know, we're talking about the election context now but you think about
ZGyCHdKB03y-00206-00095663-00096323 FMIS, the independent financial management information system, which is a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00207-00096323-00096677 a platform that's built by USAID rolled out in multiple countries
ZGyCHdKB03y-00208-00096677-00097079 but it's supposed to make financial accounting and governments transparent.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00209-00097079-00097574 FMIS is very expensive and the previous Auditor General in Kenya his
ZGyCHdKB03y-00210-00097574-00097988 comment on FMIS was it is neither independent nor does it help me manage
ZGyCHdKB03y-00211-00097988-00098384 anything because of the extent of manipulation on the platform because of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00212-00098384-00098906 the way in which it didn't change our behavior in fact it made
ZGyCHdKB03y-00213-00098906-00099350 accountability even more difficult because people became a black box, people
ZGyCHdKB03y-00214-00099350-00099644 didn't know what was going in they just knew that numbers were coming
ZGyCHdKB03y-00215-00099644-00099908 out and it turned out a couple of months later that the numbers were completely
ZGyCHdKB03y-00216-00099908-00100604 cooked up. All of which is by way of context of saying the 2017
ZGyCHdKB03y-00217-00100604-00101162 election in Kenya then is a moment to stop and reflect on what ten years of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00218-00101162-00101717 having tech deliberately incorporated in politics and public life has actually
ZGyCHdKB03y-00219-00101717-00102230 resulted in. How have we changed as a society, what have we learned, how have we
ZGyCHdKB03y-00220-00102230-00102614 grown and that's why my book is focused on what I call Kenya's first digital
ZGyCHdKB03y-00221-00102614-00103120 decade everything that happens between 2007 and 2017, not just at the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00222-00103120-00103547 ballot box but in politics in the broadest sense of the word that is to do
ZGyCHdKB03y-00223-00103547-00103916 with the distribution of power within the society between, you know, remember
ZGyCHdKB03y-00224-00103916-00104368 the triangle how are these three points of the triangle relating to each other and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00225-00104368-00104630 how is it different from what went before.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00226-00104630-00105299 I group these, sort of, changes into three buckets - three buckets I call the good,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00227-00105299-00105800 the bad, and the ugly because that's it. It's a mixed flag it's not just
ZGyCHdKB03y-00228-00105800-00106151 been very linear that the tech came and everything was fixed and everyone was
ZGyCHdKB03y-00229-00106151-00106882 happy. When I think about the good, we've had a tremendous increase in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00230-00106882-00107407 demands for accountability from the public and not just towards States but
ZGyCHdKB03y-00231-00107407-00107899 also towards corporations but also towards private entities. Social media is
ZGyCHdKB03y-00232-00107899-00108333 a great example of this but it's not the only example. When I think about the last
ZGyCHdKB03y-00233-00108333-00108711 election for instance the difference between the 2007 election and the 2017
ZGyCHdKB03y-00234-00108711-00109522 election in terms on the surface it was almost like the weirdest déjà vu in 2007
ZGyCHdKB03y-00235-00109522-00110089 I was in my house and the vote was announced and the fires started almost
ZGyCHdKB03y-00236-00110089-00110556 immediately and the upheaval began almost immediately and same thing in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00237-00110556-00110971 2017 as the results were being announced and the certificates were being handed out
ZGyCHdKB03y-00238-00110971-00111526 the gunshots began almost immediately. So there's this terrible sense of déjà vu but
ZGyCHdKB03y-00239-00111526-00111982 what was the big difference? One is in 2007 we almost just
ZGyCHdKB03y-00240-00111982-00112288 had to accept what the Electoral Commission was doing it's like there's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00241-00112288-00112785 not much I can do power is telling me that this is what happened, but in 2017
ZGyCHdKB03y-00242-00112785-00113269 we had people go online, you know, there was a hashtag #whereismyform34b
ZGyCHdKB03y-00243-00113269-00113680 where people were going on Twitter to say hey the result that's on the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00244-00113680-00114033 government website is different from the result that was posted at my polling
ZGyCHdKB03y-00245-00114033-00114523 station something's happened here that is not correct and saying to the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00246-00114523-00115021 state we're not going to accept these kinds of manipulations lying down. We
ZGyCHdKB03y-00247-00115021-00115509 also see those demands for accountability vis-a-vis the powers like
ZGyCHdKB03y-00248-00115509-00115954 the police, the judiciary, you know, justice for Khadija who's a young woman
ZGyCHdKB03y-00249-00115954-00116506 who suffered a domestic violence incident in northeastern Kenya and saying to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00250-00116506-00116878 the judiciary hey just because she's in a remote part of the country doesn't
ZGyCHdKB03y-00251-00116878-00117397 mean that she can be killed or she can be hurt in such a way and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00252-00117397-00117933 ignored altogether. So we've seen this tremendous rise in demands for
ZGyCHdKB03y-00253-00117933-00118453 accountability. Tied to that is participation - people participating in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00254-00118453-00119026 processes that they previously wouldn't have felt empowered to participate in. We
ZGyCHdKB03y-00255-00119026-00119482 have laws on public participation in the government in Kenya. When the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00256-00119482-00119808 government wants to pass any legislation they have to have
ZGyCHdKB03y-00257-00119808-00120145 public hearings and these things tend to be very poorly
ZGyCHdKB03y-00258-00120145-00120463 attended because, you know, they put two adverts in the paper and they say well
ZGyCHdKB03y-00259-00120463-00120885 we announced it I don't understand why you didn't want to come but now what's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00260-00120885-00121264 happening is you have groups like Mzalendo and you have groups like civic
ZGyCHdKB03y-00261-00121264-00121653 society groups who not only take the adverts and amplify them within their
ZGyCHdKB03y-00262-00121653-00122020 networks but then they they live tweet the conversations so that people who are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00263-00122020-00122494 online are able to participate and they're able to livestream them so
ZGyCHdKB03y-00264-00122494-00122770 even if you can't physically go to county hall and be part of these
ZGyCHdKB03y-00265-00122770-00123216 conversations you are able to participate in shaping this
ZGyCHdKB03y-00266-00123216-00123564 legislation in a way that we weren't even able to even
ZGyCHdKB03y-00267-00123564-00124188 five years ago. And a crucial part of this participation is that we're
ZGyCHdKB03y-00268-00124188-00124495 doing it on our own terms, we're seeing people especially from
ZGyCHdKB03y-00269-00124495-00124870 minoritized groups people who wouldn't ordinarily have a voice in the public
ZGyCHdKB03y-00270-00124870-00125458 space in Kenya being able to articulate their presence and being able to tell
ZGyCHdKB03y-00271-00125458-00125896 their story on their own terms. I think the best example of this is LGBTQ+
ZGyCHdKB03y-00272-00125896-00126571 Kenyans where the traditional media has always excluded LGBTQ+ Kenyans
ZGyCHdKB03y-00273-00126571-00127045 and has always tried to tell the story of, you know, it's religiously
ZGyCHdKB03y-00274-00127045-00127622 grounded on exclusion, these people are not 'African values',
ZGyCHdKB03y-00275-00127622-00127969 these people are not 'our' people but what we've seen is groups
ZGyCHdKB03y-00276-00127969-00128553 that are representing LGBTQ+ people having tremendous space because of tech
ZGyCHdKB03y-00277-00128553-00128995 to be able to say no actually we're here and we're part of this country and I'm
ZGyCHdKB03y-00278-00128995-00129411 as Kenyan as you are and I deserve to be represented and included in society on
ZGyCHdKB03y-00279-00129411-00130017 the same terms. The great example of this is the Rafiki ban, this movie
ZGyCHdKB03y-00280-00130017-00130455 which featured a love story where the two central characters are women who fall in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00281-00130455-00131161 love and it was banned in Kenya and then we got a court injunction that suspended
ZGyCHdKB03y-00282-00131161-00131734 the ban for a week and through the conversations that were had online, the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00283-00131734-00132199 amplification that went on, you know, on social media, on the dark web
ZGyCHdKB03y-00284-00132199-00132780 Whatsapp, Signal, and everything, there was a lot of hype and a lot of momentum for
ZGyCHdKB03y-00285-00132780-00133225 this film and by the end of that week Rafiki ended up being the second most
ZGyCHdKB03y-00286-00133225-00133555 popular film in Kenyan history like it sold more
ZGyCHdKB03y-00287-00133555-00134056 tickets than any other film released in Kenya and in the previous 10 years. So
ZGyCHdKB03y-00288-00134056-00134626 that's the good; the bad you should all be very familiar with right now:
ZGyCHdKB03y-00289-00134626-00135265 hate speech. For some reason social media and I think the sociology of this is
ZGyCHdKB03y-00290-00135265-00135703 still, you know, being explored and it's worth exploring further it tends to mold
ZGyCHdKB03y-00291-00135703-00136351 itself to our weaknesses as much as to our strengths, and so we've seen an
ZGyCHdKB03y-00292-00136351-00137023 upswing in hate speech against women, against LGBTQ+ people and also are based
ZGyCHdKB03y-00293-00137023-00137797 on ethnicity and it's very difficult for the regulators, you know, the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00294-00137797-00138079 National Cohesion and Integration Commission to monitor what's happening
ZGyCHdKB03y-00295-00138079-00138529 on social media because, you know, they are a small commission, with a big budget,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00296-00138529-00138916 but they are a small commission so it's very difficult to be everywhere all
ZGyCHdKB03y-00297-00138916-00139177 the time and in many ways if people aren't
ZGyCHdKB03y-00298-00139177-00139537 willing to change their behavior the regulator has to find a way of being
ZGyCHdKB03y-00299-00139537-00139975 everywhere all the time and they haven't successfully been able to do that in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00300-00139975-00140455 Kenya. Internet shutdowns: we haven't had an
ZGyCHdKB03y-00301-00140455-00141019 internet shut down in Kenya, we've had cases where people have suspected
ZGyCHdKB03y-00302-00141019-00141400 throttling, you know, that deliberately slowing down the speed of the internet
ZGyCHdKB03y-00303-00141400-00141964 so certain conversations aren't happening quickly, we've definitely had a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00304-00141964-00142456 lot of censorship though. Every time the government has passed a law in Kenya
ZGyCHdKB03y-00305-00142456-00142876 that's supposed to govern hate speech or cyber crimes it's actually instead been
ZGyCHdKB03y-00306-00142876-00143374 used to target critics of the state, so we have the Misuse of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00307-00143374-00143851 a Communication Device law, we have the Cyber Crimes Act, we've had four
ZGyCHdKB03y-00308-00143851-00144298 different instances in the last seven years, three of those laws have been
ZGyCHdKB03y-00309-00144298-00144709 thrown out for being unconstitutional, the Cyber Crimes Act was not, so it's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00310-00144709-00145102 actually enforced right now and right now in this moment of COVID-19
ZGyCHdKB03y-00311-00145102-00145519 it's actually really being testedm because the communication coming from
ZGyCHdKB03y-00312-00145519-00145939 the government is not  fast enough, it's not packaged properly,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00313-00145939-00146245 you know you have to wait for the 4:00 p.m. press conference whereas the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00314-00146245-00146689 incidents are changing every day, every hour, of every day
ZGyCHdKB03y-00315-00146689-00147283 and so people are turning online but, you know, what is misinformation and what is
ZGyCHdKB03y-00316-00147283-00147604 releasing information before the government has had a chance to. That's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00317-00147604-00148075 the tension. I think one person has been charged right now, to be fair he was
ZGyCHdKB03y-00318-00148075-00148597 spreading misinformation, he has a reputation for that, but the fines are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00319-00148597-00149059 steep and it's just there's a lot of ambiguity in terms of civil society e.g. what
ZGyCHdKB03y-00320-00149059-00149545 counts as misinformation and what counts as releasing information before the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00321-00149545-00149860 government has had a chance to release information the way that they would have
ZGyCHdKB03y-00322-00149860-00150238 wanted to. That's the ambiguity that we're dealing with the cyber
ZGyCHdKB03y-00323-00150238-00150664 crimes law. And I've mentioned the targeting of women but I want to put a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00324-00150664-00150996 fine point on this because, you know, women are the canary in the coal mine.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00325-00150996-00151678 Wherever you see women not be able to fully participate in the public space
ZGyCHdKB03y-00326-00151678-00151999 should be a strong indicator of there's a lot of repression that's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00327-00151999-00152592 happening in other aspects and that's been the case with
ZGyCHdKB03y-00328-00152592-00153244 social media in Kenya with all of these platforms that women, as much as
ZGyCHdKB03y-00329-00153244-00153619 radical feminists have organized and have being able to find voice, the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00330-00153619-00154141 upswing in targeted hate speech against women, you know, lists of women who are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00331-00154141-00154648 branded toxic feminists it's an indicator that there's some tension
ZGyCHdKB03y-00332-00154648-00155116 in the public space that needs to be resolved. And finally, the ugly: and I'm
ZGyCHdKB03y-00333-00155116-00155515 going to whizz through this because as I said these are issues that as Kenyans
ZGyCHdKB03y-00334-00155515-00155809 we've been thinking about for the last seven - eight years that the West is now
ZGyCHdKB03y-00335-00155809-00156144 starting to think oh maybe we should pay attention to this. When you talk about
ZGyCHdKB03y-00336-00156144-00156547 foreign interference in elections this is something that we've been grappling
ZGyCHdKB03y-00337-00156547-00156741 with for the better part of the last ten years.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00338-00156741-00157116 I mean I talk about Cambridge Analytica in my book, you know, Cambridge Analytica has been
ZGyCHdKB03y-00339-00157116-00157525 active in Kenya since 2011, they've been active in India since before that.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00340-00157525-00157984 A lot of these things are experimented and tested and tweaked in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00341-00157984-00158422 developing countries which have a much less robust legislative framework
ZGyCHdKB03y-00342-00158422-00158857 before they're deployed elsewhere, but I don't say that to mean that they should
ZGyCHdKB03y-00343-00158857-00159262 only be important when they're happening to developed countries I say that to mean
ZGyCHdKB03y-00344-00159262-00159691 that we have to pay attention to the intersection between tech and politics
ZGyCHdKB03y-00345-00159691-00160341 everywhere. Ownership is a key issue again I'm thinking about the COVID-19
ZGyCHdKB03y-00346-00160341-00160777 situation and I'm thinking we're going to need a bunch of respirators in Kenya
ZGyCHdKB03y-00347-00160777-00161272 soon, and we don't make respirators, in fact nobody in Africa makes respirators
ZGyCHdKB03y-00348-00161272-00161758 and African countries are about to experience, you know, this rise in cases
ZGyCHdKB03y-00349-00161758-00162109 what are we gonna do when Germany says we're not going to export any more
ZGyCHdKB03y-00350-00162109-00162454 respirators and China says we can't make them fast enough and the US says we're
ZGyCHdKB03y-00351-00162454-00162898 not going to make them fast enough. This is an analogy to what's happening in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00352-00162898-00163132 in the tech space. African countries aren't building the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00353-00163132-00163615 platforms, we are end-users, we're consumers for many of the platforms,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00354-00163615-00164047 not all of them, and the challenges with ownership then becomes, what I said
ZGyCHdKB03y-00355-00164047-00164716 before, how can I as a citizen have my rights and have my interests protected
ZGyCHdKB03y-00356-00164716-00165295 when I don't have any say directly or indirectly in how these platforms are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00357-00165295-00165802 owned. So I'm gonna leave you with that and a couple of questions
ZGyCHdKB03y-00358-00165802-00166261 as I said for me is not to tell you dogmatically this is what has happened
ZGyCHdKB03y-00359-00166261-00166583 and this is needs to happen next, rather for me is to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00360-00166583-00166942 leave you with a couple of things to think about,  provocations for you to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00361-00166942-00167327 take and ruminate over as you think about your own context. And my three
ZGyCHdKB03y-00362-00167327-00167870 questions are these: how do we protect the sanctity of the arbiters? How do we
ZGyCHdKB03y-00363-00167870-00168304 protect the people, you know, when you think about our triangle we have to think
ZGyCHdKB03y-00364-00168304-00168722 about the lines that connect the different points of the triangle and in election
ZGyCHdKB03y-00365-00168722-00169139 contexts for example we're thinking about Election Commissions, when we're
ZGyCHdKB03y-00366-00169139-00169547 thinking about regulators we're thinking about legislation, how do we protect the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00367-00169547-00170150 sanctity of the arbiters? How do we keep money in its rightful place so that we
ZGyCHdKB03y-00368-00170150-00170621 prevent this distortion of this balance between the three points of the triangle?
ZGyCHdKB03y-00369-00170621-00171158 How do we make sure that money doesn't displace for example civic interests? How
ZGyCHdKB03y-00370-00171158-00171589 do we make sure that a foreign company, a British company, is not able to pay so
ZGyCHdKB03y-00371-00171589-00171938 much money to the Kenyan government that the Kenyan government starts to ignore the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00372-00171938-00172390 interests of the Kenyan citizenry. And finally, how do we recentre the human in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00373-00172390-00172717 our conversations about technology? I think this is the big philosophical
ZGyCHdKB03y-00374-00172717-00173177 question. We've been thinking about disruption and move fast and break
ZGyCHdKB03y-00375-00173177-00173692 things and all of these conversations and slowly and slowly edging
ZGyCHdKB03y-00376-00173692-00174139 humanity out of these frameworks, how do we recentre the human because as we've
ZGyCHdKB03y-00377-00174139-00174800 seen again this COVID-19 in 2020 is a wake up call, a reset
ZGyCHdKB03y-00378-00174800-00175139 call for all of us that we have built all of these systems
ZGyCHdKB03y-00379-00175139-00175607 without people and now the people really need the systems to work and the systems
ZGyCHdKB03y-00380-00175607-00176060 don't know how to work. So those are my three provocations and thank you for
ZGyCHdKB03y-00381-00176060-00176672 your time I look forward to answering your questions. Amazing thank you so much
ZGyCHdKB03y-00382-00176672-00177295 Nanjala. I'm not going to applaud for everybody but it's the waving of the hands.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00383-00177295-00177785 We've got quite a few questions I don't know if you can see Slido to answer the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00384-00177785-00178319 questions directly or I can just pick up but the top question
ZGyCHdKB03y-00385-00178319-00178874 links in to what you were saying at the end is where does
ZGyCHdKB03y-00386-00178874-00179338 accountability lie in regards to political misinformation when you
ZGyCHdKB03y-00387-00179338-00179665 have a British company using an American platform to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00388-00179665-00180154 influence political discourse in Kenya? Because you can identify where the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00389-00180154-00180679 problem lies but how someone in Kenya might hold accountability to an American
ZGyCHdKB03y-00390-00180679-00181210 platform / British company - how do we resolve those types of issues that we all face to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00391-00181210-00181822 different degrees? Yeah, it's a great question and I think it's an ongoing
ZGyCHdKB03y-00392-00181822-00182209 question. What I'm leaning towards is thinking about global
ZGyCHdKB03y-00393-00182209-00182839 citizenship and thinking about well how can people in the US and the UK be part
ZGyCHdKB03y-00394-00182839-00183148 of the conversation paying attention to what's happening in Kenya
ZGyCHdKB03y-00395-00183148-00183727 and sort of be that conduit for accountability. I don't know what a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00396-00183727-00184147 global citizenship framework will look like but for example what has been
ZGyCHdKB03y-00397-00184147-00184558 happening in Africa is a lot of democracy activists from different
ZGyCHdKB03y-00398-00184558-00184852 national backgrounds have been working together to support and amplify each
ZGyCHdKB03y-00399-00184852-00185380 other's causes and so for example when Bobi Wine, who's an
ZGyCHdKB03y-00400-00185380-00185866 opposition leader in Uganda, was arrested the biggest number of tweets calling for
ZGyCHdKB03y-00401-00185866-00186196 his release actually came from Kenya because one of the first things that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00402-00186196-00186643 they do is they switch off the internet in Uganda and so to start thinking about
ZGyCHdKB03y-00403-00186643-00187027 transnational networks of solidarity and accountability within each other.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00404-00187027-00187438 Legally it's not been resolved I mean there's talk about
ZGyCHdKB03y-00405-00187438-00188026 should we build like an ICC, should the the ICC have jurisdiction over issues like this
ZGyCHdKB03y-00406-00188026-00188362 because the ICC doesn't have jurisdiction over corporations it has
ZGyCHdKB03y-00407-00188362-00188722 jurisdiction over states, it has jurisdiction over individuals it does not have
ZGyCHdKB03y-00408-00188722-00189196 jurisdiction over corporations. You know, as an analogy when it came
ZGyCHdKB03y-00409-00189196-00189712 to mining there was all these questions about finance companies and mining
ZGyCHdKB03y-00410-00189712-00190027 companies, American mining companies, that were operational in South Africa during
ZGyCHdKB03y-00411-00190027-00190471 the apartheid years and it was always this thing of how do we
ZGyCHdKB03y-00412-00190471-00190798 keep these guys accountable because they're not South African companies and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00413-00190798-00191134 what's happened in recent years has been the question of universal
ZGyCHdKB03y-00414-00191134-00191929 jurisdiction that certain crimes are so bad that any country that has
ZGyCHdKB03y-00415-00191929-00192514 the interest and the capacity should be able to prosecute them. Belgium became
ZGyCHdKB03y-00416-00192514-00193021 the first country to test this to do with genocide, it's been
ZGyCHdKB03y-00417-00193021-00193624 an incredibly problematic law, it's been a challenge and I think Belgium had to scale
ZGyCHdKB03y-00418-00193624-00194008 back the universal jurisdiction law, but that's kind of from the legal
ZGyCHdKB03y-00419-00194008-00194292 perspective that's kind of where the conversation is from a political
ZGyCHdKB03y-00420-00194292-00194799 perspective. For me, I lean towards what does international solidarity look like.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00421-00194799-00195402 So the next question is from Derek Du Preez and he's asking about how
ZGyCHdKB03y-00422-00195402-00195820 might you measure the balance and the triangle between the corporations and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00423-00195820-00196380 the state and citizen how do you make sure that balance remains in place especially as
ZGyCHdKB03y-00424-00196380-00196755 things change and we're obviously in a fundamental period of change at the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00425-00196755-00197508 moment where that triangle may be pretty distorted at the moment so
ZGyCHdKB03y-00426-00197846-00198656 how do you measure that and keep track. First of all, it's an art and not a science
ZGyCHdKB03y-00427-00198656-00199073 so we feel it out, but one really strong indicator for me
ZGyCHdKB03y-00428-00199073-00199547 the last couple of years has been protest, has been people feeling like
ZGyCHdKB03y-00429-00199547-00199904 they're no longer getting heard through the traditional democratic processes and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00430-00199904-00200312 having to turn to protest and social media for example has become an integral
ZGyCHdKB03y-00431-00200312-00200735 part of the modern protest framework because people are instantly you know
ZGyCHdKB03y-00432-00200735-00201131 trying to become build like viral protest movements and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00433-00201131-00201620 transnational conversations around that. I think it's one of those things
ZGyCHdKB03y-00434-00201620-00201881 like I said a canary in the coal mine it's easier to tell when things aren't
ZGyCHdKB03y-00435-00201881-00202322 going well - if things are going well you really shouldn't have any
ZGyCHdKB03y-00436-00202322-00202892 people recourse to protest, people out in the streets, people, you
ZGyCHdKB03y-00437-00202892-00203351 know, in the courts. In Kenya, the fact that our tech community is constantly in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00438-00203351-00203732 the courts is a sign that something has gone wrong with the way the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00439-00203732-00204122 state is doing rulemaking and with the power of the corporations have, it's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00440-00204122-00204602 about responsiveness at practical terms the fact that social media companies for
ZGyCHdKB03y-00441-00204602-00205025 example have very little actual representation in Africa but are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00442-00205025-00205508 constantly talking about Africa as the next frontier but this is
ZGyCHdKB03y-00443-00205508-00205940 why for me I keep coming back to we need more humanities in the conversation
ZGyCHdKB03y-00444-00205940-00206285 around tech and politics, I mean we need sociologists, we need philosophers, we
ZGyCHdKB03y-00445-00206285-00206696 need, you know, literature, we need people who know how to talk about things that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00446-00206696-00207080 cannot be measured we need them to be in this conversation so we can get better
ZGyCHdKB03y-00447-00207080-00207419 at understanding these things that cannot be measured. Yeah that's a great
ZGyCHdKB03y-00448-00207419-00208205 point definitely, so the next question is anonymous: the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00449-00208205-00208717 platforms most accessible to citizens are also the most political and powerful,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00450-00208717-00209269 so how do you see democratised technology that encourages more
ZGyCHdKB03y-00451-00209269-00209786 equal political participation, where are you seeing technologies rolling creating
ZGyCHdKB03y-00452-00209786-00210509 that? Some of the most interesting conversations that I've
ZGyCHdKB03y-00453-00210509-00211160 been in in the last couple of years have been: can there be a public
ZGyCHdKB03y-00454-00211160-00211798 benefits social platform. Can there be, I don't want to say state-owned, but
ZGyCHdKB03y-00455-00211798-00212231 something that's run for the public benefit, is that something
ZGyCHdKB03y-00456-00212231-00212848 that is possible to innovate? Because one of the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00457-00212848-00213185 most common cliches has always been if it's free that means you're paying for
ZGyCHdKB03y-00458-00213185-00213473 it somewhere else, it means that you're paying for it with your data, you're
ZGyCHdKB03y-00459-00213473-00214061 paying for it with your, you know, attention, but we pay for public goods in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00460-00214061-00214859 other ways like taxes, very simple, we pay probably goes through taxes we pay for
ZGyCHdKB03y-00461-00214859-00215333 public goods through, you know, most taxes are the most common way, so I've been in
ZGyCHdKB03y-00462-00215333-00215690 a lot of conversation, where people have been tossing around this idea. I think it's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00463-00215690-00216046 worth exploring I think it's important to keep coming back to the fact that
ZGyCHdKB03y-00464-00216046-00216652 'social media' and all these platforms end to end we're looking at 20 years,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00465-00216652-00217210 we're not looking at, you know, 500 years disrupting 500 years of human history.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00466-00217210-00217715 Newspapers have a much longer history, so if we open up this space for this
ZGyCHdKB03y-00467-00217715-00218098 imagination is that something that's worth exploring? What would a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00468-00218098-00218861 platform run for the public benefit look like? Is it more
ZGyCHdKB03y-00469-00218861-00219383 media than it is networking. take the advertising out of the equation,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00470-00219383-00219848 I've seen a lot of people tossing this around I think it's worth exploring.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00471-00219848-00220273 I personally don't know I have to be honest, but it's something
ZGyCHdKB03y-00472-00220273-00220958 that's interesting to me for people to explore. One to explore for the rest of today and tomorrow. And just one
ZGyCHdKB03y-00473-00220958-00221312 final quick question and this comes across in the book as well the
ZGyCHdKB03y-00474-00221312-00221798 fact that citizens in Kenya seem particularly politically engaged and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00475-00221798-00222185 that's obviously for a number of reasons that you described, is that a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00476-00222185-00222658 prerequisite, do you need that in other countries and is it possible to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00477-00222658-00223310 replicate that in other places or can we see some of these changes without having,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00478-00223310-00223931 do people need to get political first? You know, that's a great question because
ZGyCHdKB03y-00479-00223931-00224327 like for example in East Africa we kind of have this disparity, like Kenyans are
ZGyCHdKB03y-00480-00224327-00224726 super political online, Tanzanians, because there's a lot
ZGyCHdKB03y-00481-00224726-00225008 of state repression, there's a lot of retreat people tend to go back to like
ZGyCHdKB03y-00482-00225008-00225469 you know 'less harmful things'. I think Ethiopia has been a great example of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00483-00225469-00225950 when they was state oppression people weren't very political
ZGyCHdKB03y-00484-00225950-00226436 online and now there's theoretically no state oppression and there's
ZGyCHdKB03y-00485-00226436-00227108 just this explosion of participation which suggests that what people need
ZGyCHdKB03y-00486-00227108-00227713 more than being political beforehand is space, what people need is space and
ZGyCHdKB03y-00487-00227713-00228128 comfortable space where they feel like they can speak their political truths
ZGyCHdKB03y-00488-00228128-00228731 without recrimination. Kenya's political presence and participation has its roots
ZGyCHdKB03y-00489-00228731-00229211 in that first decade, that first most authoritarian decade and that has
ZGyCHdKB03y-00490-00229211-00229508 everything to do with freedom on the traditional media and that traditional
ZGyCHdKB03y-00491-00229508-00230078 media sort of creating that room that social media then builds on. So I don't
ZGyCHdKB03y-00492-00230078-00230513 think it's a prerequisite I think more than people being political
ZGyCHdKB03y-00493-00230513-00230915 beforehand is people feeling safe and feeling
ZGyCHdKB03y-00494-00230915-00231413 free to express political opinions no matter how small without
ZGyCHdKB03y-00495-00231413-00231866 there being this disproportionate state backlash. I feel like that's a
ZGyCHdKB03y-00496-00231866-00232559 lesson from East Africa altogether. Fantastic, Nanjala thank you so much, it
ZGyCHdKB03y-00497-00232559-00233213 worked! First talk out the way, really impressive. Thank you so much as well to
ZGyCHdKB03y-00498-00233213-00234227 everyone for your questions. Audience has no idea how much
ZGyCHdKB03y-00499-00234227-00234817 tension. We're going to take a couple of minutes break,
ZGyCHdKB03y-00500-00234817-00235519 and then we're going to start straight back at 2pm and Bec can introduce-
ZGyCHdKB03y-00501-00235519-00236369 we've got Felix and John Olafsson Robert Bjarnsson as well, so take a couple of
ZGyCHdKB03y-00502-00236369-00236876 minutes break, stretch, get drink of water. Thanks again Nanjala, hope you'll stay with us.
ZGyCHdKB03y-00503-00236876-00237262 Thank you, I will.
ZHB818ZWl8E-00000-00001130-00001833 I'm tired. You should understand me
ZHB818ZWl8E-00001-00001833-00002900 I have many works to do. I can't do that right now
ZHB818ZWl8E-00002-00002900-00003610 I want to get some rest
ZHB818ZWl8E-00003-00003610-00003929 SASTRA FILM
ZHB818ZWl8E-00004-00003929-00004220 AND BAYON TV
ZHB818ZWl8E-00005-00004220-00004509 SPONSORED BY
ZHB818ZWl8E-00006-00004509-00005047 PRESENT
ZHB818ZWl8E-00007-00005047-00005857 HAPPINESS IN YOUR HANDS
ZHB818ZWl8E-00008-00008337-00008412 Do you finish eating?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00009-00008412-00009217 You messed up. let me clean it for you, babe
ZHB818ZWl8E-00010-00009898-00010034 HAVE SOME MILK!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00011-00010915-00011447 LET'S GO!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00012-00012281-00012638 DAD!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00013-00012638-00013098 Will mom bring me to school today?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00014-00015110-00015814 VOTEY! I want to be with you as much as I can
ZHB818ZWl8E-00015-00015814-00016470 I love you but you should go to school now
ZHB818ZWl8E-00016-00016470-00016849 Dad will take you to school, okay?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00017-00016849-00017163 Study hard, love! 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00018-00018531-00018975 Dad! I really want to have 48 hours per day
ZHB818ZWl8E-00019-00018975-00020038 If there were 48 hours per day, mom would bring me to school, right?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00020-00020038-00020992 sadly, there are only 24 hours per day
ZHB818ZWl8E-00021-00020992-00021501 What should I do?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00022-00022408-00022729 You should to go school and study hard.
ZHB818ZWl8E-00023-00022729-00023076 Let's go to school!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00024-00024543-00024751 Stop talking! She is here
ZHB818ZWl8E-00025-00024751-00025299 Look at her!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00026-00025299-00025789 She acts like she is working alone in the company
ZHB818ZWl8E-00027-00025789-00026198 I'm so sick of her
ZHB818ZWl8E-00028-00026198-00027110 I wonder what does her family think about her when she only care about work
ZHB818ZWl8E-00029-00027110-00027989 It's how high educated women are 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00030-00027989-00028810 That's why our parents won't let us pursue higher education
ZHB818ZWl8E-00031-00028810-00029502 Her husband always comes to see her every day
ZHB818ZWl8E-00032-00029502-00029863 but he always leaves here disappointed 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00033-00029863-00030801 Her husband is always cooking for her while she isn't caring about him
ZHB818ZWl8E-00034-00030801-00031396 I haven't seen him yet. When he comes here, tell me too
ZHB818ZWl8E-00035-00031396-00031806 I want to see his face when he leaves here
ZHB818ZWl8E-00036-00031806-00032780 I have one more thing. Some employees are good at gossiping
ZHB818ZWl8E-00037-00032780-00033567 They act like mirrors to reflect other's mistakes
ZHB818ZWl8E-00038-00033567-00034898 without knowing that they are just not as good as she is
ZHB818ZWl8E-00039-00034898-00035633 I just said the truth
ZHB818ZWl8E-00040-00035633-00036203 but if it's you, take it
ZHB818ZWl8E-00041-00036203-00037425 Once said, if you follow a success person, you will be success and if you follow the thief, you will be a thief
ZHB818ZWl8E-00042-00037425-00038575 Right! How about you? You follow a proud person, what would you be?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00043-00038575-00040396 Listen! You follow a girl like her, you will be regret
ZHB818ZWl8E-00044-00040396-00041105 Oh! What did I say?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00045-00041105-00041819 I just want to remind you as your co-workers
ZHB818ZWl8E-00046-00041819-00042700 Hey! Let's go to work!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00047-00045019-00045356 Come in!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00048-00046652-00047443 I try the project you told me with my son. I feel the happiness
ZHB818ZWl8E-00049-00047443-00048103 Have yo tried it with your daughter, yet?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00050-00050245-00050684 I'm leaving now
ZHB818ZWl8E-00051-00051732-00051984 Look what I got for you!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00052-00051984-00052468 They are your favorite foods
ZHB818ZWl8E-00053-00052468-00053042 Stop eating fast food! It's not good for your health
ZHB818ZWl8E-00054-00053042-00053888 You should have a work-life balance
ZHB818ZWl8E-00055-00054755-00055259 Did you finish talking?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00056-00055259-00055652 What have you got? I don't have much time
ZHB818ZWl8E-00057-00055652-00056453 I don't have time to eat much
ZHB818ZWl8E-00058-00056453-00056503 I know your time is precious
ZHB818ZWl8E-00059-00056503-00057001 I know Prince manager has many responsibility
ZHB818ZWl8E-00060-00057001-00057344 but you should spend some time for your health
ZHB818ZWl8E-00061-00057344-00057918 How about your time? You work far for me and you come here everyday
ZHB818ZWl8E-00062-00057918-00058227 Don't you think it's waste your time
ZHB818ZWl8E-00063-00058227-00058548 You have to have responsibility on your work
ZHB818ZWl8E-00064-00058548-00059513 Money won't fall from the sky to us
ZHB818ZWl8E-00065-00059513-00060353 that's why I spare sometimes to be your good husband
ZHB818ZWl8E-00066-00060353-00061187 How about your work? What if you got dismissed?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00067-00061187-00062405 Our daughter is growing up every day. We have more to spend
ZHB818ZWl8E-00068-00062405-00063119 Please be a useful person
ZHB818ZWl8E-00069-00064493-00064703 Wait!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00070-00064703-00065481 Take all of these foods back!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00071-00065481-00065919 I don't want to have smell in my office
ZHB818ZWl8E-00072-00065919-00066186 Take it with you!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00073-00066186-00066548 HAPPINESS IN YOUR HANDS
ZHB818ZWl8E-00074-00069343-00069615 HAPPINESS IN YOUR HANDS
ZHB818ZWl8E-00075-00069615-00070664 I'm going back to my workplace now
ZHB818ZWl8E-00076-00076318-00076652 Is it nice?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00077-00077888-00078084 You are so smart
ZHB818ZWl8E-00078-00078084-00078524 What are you guys playing? May I join?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00079-00080891-00081232 Are you happy today?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00080-00081232-00081282 Why did you ask me?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00081-00081282-00081590 I'm happy everyday while staying with you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00082-00081590-00082339 It's the happiest day in my life
ZHB818ZWl8E-00083-00082339-00082814 Because you have to play with me
ZHB818ZWl8E-00084-00082814-00084099 Mom! Tomorrow is Mother's day, my friends' moms go to join
ZHB818ZWl8E-00085-00084099-00084650 Can you...
ZHB818ZWl8E-00086-00084650-00084700 Yeah I will join
ZHB818ZWl8E-00087-00084700-00085205 It's special. How can I not go to join
ZHB818ZWl8E-00088-00085205-00085596 Really, mom?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00089-00085596-00086767 My friends will know that you are my best mom ever
ZHB818ZWl8E-00090-00086767-00087279 Yeah, my dear!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00091-00087279-00087622 So, please go to sleep early, okay?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00092-00087622-00088029 Sweet dream, love!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00093-00089569-00089709 I love you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00094-00095559-00096168 Here is for my beloved wife
ZHB818ZWl8E-00095-00096168-00096459 for our family
ZHB818ZWl8E-00096-00096459-00097043 Put it on the table! thank you!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00097-00101848-00102576 If you are tired, tell me
ZHB818ZWl8E-00098-00102576-00102906 I will massage for you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00099-00106777-00107142 I want to get some rest
ZHB818ZWl8E-00100-00107142-00107876 Okay! I will sleep first
ZHB818ZWl8E-00102-00112708-00112842 Daddy! Am I pretty enough?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00103-00112842-00113205 You are the most pretty girl
ZHB818ZWl8E-00104-00113205-00114329 I'm glad that mom can make it to go with us
ZHB818ZWl8E-00105-00114329-00114850 I will be able to tell everyone that she is my mom
ZHB818ZWl8E-00106-00114850-00115299 There she is!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00107-00115299-00115978 You look so happy today
ZHB818ZWl8E-00108-00115978-00116759 She is happy that you can join her.
ZHB818ZWl8E-00109-00118431-00119105 Hello! I want to remind you that we will have emergency board directors meeting at 8:30
ZHB818ZWl8E-00110-00119105-00119429 It's almost time and I haven't seen you yet
ZHB818ZWl8E-00111-00119429-00119768 iOkay! I'm leaving now
ZHB818ZWl8E-00112-00119768-00120163 Please prepare my documents for me!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00113-00120163-00121424 I have emergency work to finish. Please go with daddy first. I'll meet you at your school
ZHB818ZWl8E-00114-00123311-00123595 Mommy is a good mom
ZHB818ZWl8E-00115-00131777-00132130 HAPPINESS IN YOUR HANDS
ZHB818ZWl8E-00116-00134867-00135115 HAPPINESS IN YOUR HANDS
ZHB818ZWl8E-00117-00135115-00135759 I believe that mom will forget our promise as usual 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00118-00135759-00136449 I think we shouldn't wait for her because she is busy at work
ZHB818ZWl8E-00119-00136449-00136916 Mother's day is not important for her
ZHB818ZWl8E-00120-00136916-00138163 Don't say that! She will definitely come here
ZHB818ZWl8E-00121-00138163-00138653 She will spare sometimes for you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00122-00138653-00139312 Believe me! She will be here. 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00123-00139312-00140111 If she acts like you said, she wouldn't go to work this morning
ZHB818ZWl8E-00124-00140111-00140812 She will sit on the chair as my friends' moms
ZHB818ZWl8E-00125-00140812-00141280 Let's go in, dad!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00126-00141280-00142452 I want parents to go inside! The celebration will start in ten minutes
ZHB818ZWl8E-00127-00142452-00143064 Let's go to wait your mom inside!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00128-00147149-00147562 Why are you standing here?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00129-00147562-00147960 Why don't you take shower?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00130-00147960-00149063 You should go with us this morning and come back together
ZHB818ZWl8E-00131-00149063-00149329 I...
ZHB818ZWl8E-00132-00149329-00149396 You are busy at work, right?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00133-00149396-00150328 we waited for you but you never shown up. Are important as your work?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00134-00150328-00151148 It's effect our daughter's emotion. 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00135-00151148-00151856 Have you noticed it?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00136-00151856-00152533 I delivered her by my own
ZHB818ZWl8E-00137-00152533-00153009 Do you think you are the only one who loves her?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00138-00153009-00154650 I love her as you do and I didn't mean to not joining her but
ZHB818ZWl8E-00139-00154650-00154700 because of work again, right?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00140-00154700-00155159 Why are you married me if you love your work so much?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00141-00156592-00156944 Am I WRONG?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00142-00156944-00157535 I work hard for this family. I love this family
ZHB818ZWl8E-00143-00157535-00157585 LOVE?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00144-00157585-00158866 You don't have time for me. I don't mind but our child, she is still young. She need you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00145-00158866-00159406 You can even join an event for one day
ZHB818ZWl8E-00146-00159406-00159883 How dare you say that you love family?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00147-00161387-00161586 You should balance between work and family
ZHB818ZWl8E-00148-00162599-00163217 I work everyday for who? Who? DID YOU SEE THAT?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00149-00170326-00171297 She has low blood pressure. Might be because of overworking
ZHB818ZWl8E-00150-00171297-00171666 and unhealthy diet
ZHB818ZWl8E-00151-00171666-00172527 If this continue to happen, the patient will face stoke 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00152-00172527-00173086 Please take good care of her!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00153-00173086-00173489 especially her brain's health. 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00154-00173489-00174162 Try to make her happy! I will instruct the medicine for her
ZHB818ZWl8E-00155-00174162-00175190 Please take her to the hospital regularly to do the medical check up
ZHB818ZWl8E-00156-00175190-00175888 Thank you! I will take care of her
ZHB818ZWl8E-00157-00177884-00178178 I'm really worried about you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00158-00178178-00178893 Why did you take me to this hospital
ZHB818ZWl8E-00159-00178893-00179761 I'm healthy. I won't have stoke. You spend money on wrong place
ZHB818ZWl8E-00160-00179761-00180362 Why do you believe him
ZHB818ZWl8E-00161-00180362-00180773 He might just said it because he wants money
ZHB818ZWl8E-00162-00180773-00181069 You shouldn't waste time and money
ZHB818ZWl8E-00163-00181069-00181595 Where is my computer?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00164-00181595-00182011 You should get more rest
ZHB818ZWl8E-00165-00182011-00182706 I don't have any symptoms. I'm healthy
ZHB818ZWl8E-00166-00182706-00183249 Sophea! You should be smart enough
ZHB818ZWl8E-00167-00183249-00184182 Money won't fall from the sky. If I won't work hard, what will our family be?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00168-00184182-00184731 Do you want to raise me by your salary?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00169-00184731-00185579 I don't want to talk so much
ZHB818ZWl8E-00170-00185579-00186065 I need my computer right now. I have important work to do
ZHB818ZWl8E-00171-00190038-00190518 HAVE YOU KNOW THAT YOU ARE A BRANCH MANGER? How can't you finish a small work?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00172-00190518-00191569 I have never failed in any work before except this one because
ZHB818ZWl8E-00173-00191569-00191935 Because you are sick?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00174-00191935-00192394 Yeah! 
ZHB818ZWl8E-00175-00192394-00193075 I didn't expect to hear this from you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00176-00193075-00193904 Sick is only use from irresponsibility person
ZHB818ZWl8E-00177-00193904-00194410 HAPPINESS IN YOUR HANDS
ZHB818ZWl8E-00178-00197060-00197362 HAPPINESS IN YOUR HANDS
ZHB818ZWl8E-00179-00203631-00203880 I need one week break
ZHB818ZWl8E-00180-00203880-00204449 Please process the permission for me!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00181-00206862-00207434 MOM!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00182-00209029-00209402 What will we do first when we arrived?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00183-00209402-00210093 We will go  fishing and cooking fresh fish
ZHB818ZWl8E-00184-00210093-00210832 I also prepare your favorite foods too
ZHB818ZWl8E-00185-00210832-00211199 How about you? What do you want to do first?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00186-00211199-00212087 I want to take many pictures with both of you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00187-00212911-00214152 I will bring those photo to my friends and tell them that she is my mom
ZHB818ZWl8E-00188-00214152-00214760 you are so lovely
ZHB818ZWl8E-00189-00214760-00215446 We will swim together
ZHB818ZWl8E-00190-00215446-00216038 I will swim on dad's shoulder
ZHB818ZWl8E-00191-00217932-00218694 Mom!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00192-00218694-00219177 NITA!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00193-00221751-00222393 She is in a serious condition now
ZHB818ZWl8E-00194-00222393-00222593 we will try our best
ZHB818ZWl8E-00195-00222593-00223646 If not, she can't move her body forever
ZHB818ZWl8E-00196-00225003-00225591 I beg you
ZHB818ZWl8E-00197-00225591-00226006 My daughter can't live with her mom
ZHB818ZWl8E-00198-00226006-00226626 No matter how much it cost, just make her recover
ZHB818ZWl8E-00199-00233343-00234182 Why did you cook again?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00200-00234182-00234797 Your mom's almost come back. She need hot soup
ZHB818ZWl8E-00201-00237229-00237660 Let me see!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00202-00237660-00238139 You are so smart
ZHB818ZWl8E-00203-00238139-00238501 as your mom
ZHB818ZWl8E-00204-00241228-00241818 Tell teacher that mom isn't good at sign
ZHB818ZWl8E-00205-00247204-00247584 Can I move back to the past
ZHB818ZWl8E-00206-00247584-00248183 I want to be a good mom
ZHB818ZWl8E-00207-00248183-00249327 Dad! What's orphan mean?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00208-00249327-00249835 Why did you ask this question?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00209-00249875-00251074 Orphan can be someone who lose parent or parents
ZHB818ZWl8E-00210-00251074-00251941 Why did my friends called me an orphan?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00211-00251941-00252254 Why did they say that?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00212-00252254-00252877 because they said I don't have mom
ZHB818ZWl8E-00213-00252877-00253538 I try to argue with them that I have mom
ZHB818ZWl8E-00214-00254915-00255491 I love mom as I love you, did she know that?
ZHB818ZWl8E-00215-00255491-00257027 I'm sorry that I think money is important and can buy everything
ZHB818ZWl8E-00216-00257027-00257389 Please born soon!
ZHB818ZWl8E-00217-00259128-00260134 Although I can't flash back, I will spend that time for family
ZHB818ZWl8E-00218-00260134-00260963 I want to hug you, show you love but i can't do anything
ZHB818ZWl8E-00219-00263585-00264144 HAPPINESS IN YOUR HANDS
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00000-00000447-00000612 marketing
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00001-00001359-00001527 receive
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00002-00002311-00002480 electrical
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00003-00003265-00003431 believe
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00004-00004097-00004254 goal
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00005-00004968-00005132 familiar
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00006-00005861-00006035 poor
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00007-00006718-00006866 unique
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00008-00007548-00007713 benefit
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00010-00009286-00009447 private
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00011-00010232-00010393 difference
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00012-00011171-00011331 charge
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00022-00020216-00020377 prepare
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00023-00021070-00021252 tool
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00024-00021961-00022130 pregnant
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00026-00024063-00024222 driver
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00028-00025604-00025758 meaning
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00029-00026404-00026550 issue
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00032-00029035-00029225 competition
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00033-00030182-00030366 population
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00034-00031134-00031314 safe
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00035-00031965-00032124 happy
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00037-00033881-00034033 credit
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00039-00035744-00035912 interested
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00042-00038413-00038566 teacher
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00043-00039283-00039449 medicine
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00044-00040101-00040308 wide
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00045-00040975-00041134 capital
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00046-00041934-00042108 location
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00047-00042806-00042986 bus
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00048-00043610-00043767 feature
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00049-00044552-00044715 normally
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00050-00045418-00045574 bit
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00051-00046337-00046518 introduction
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ZLjE6u7-RCc-00053-00048449-00048602 purpose
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00054-00049465-00049639 successful
ZLjE6u7-RCc-00055-00050518-00050682 beautiful
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ZMbtTnjvvHE-00000-00000050-00000200 Welcome to Frequency TV Channel.
ZMbtTnjvvHE-00001-00000200-00000400 I hope you support us, nice to see you.
ZMbtTnjvvHE-00002-00000400-00000550 We love to review electronic products.
ZMbtTnjvvHE-00003-00000600-00000800 Thats why We prodive honest and clear reviews.
ZMbtTnjvvHE-00004-00000800-00001000 You are free to ask anything you want.
ZMbtTnjvvHE-00005-00001000-00001400 İnformation is so important for all cultures.
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ZprIfeHkhIY-00000-00000000-00000200 100 gecs remix to disintegrate to
Zpu8-MS7xGg-00000-00000000-00000050 .
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00000-00004100-00004300 No, no, no.
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00001-00004400-00004500 No.
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00002-00004600-00004790 Actually the first video we did
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00003-00004800-00004900 was that Buffalo video
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00004-00005100-00005300 and all of our friends showed up
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00005-00005400-00005490 and it just so happens that
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00006-00005500-00005600 a few of 'em are gay 0:00:56.9,0:00:41.0 so we got this really weird
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00007-00006000-00006100 pro-gay thing happening
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00008-00006300-00006400 MTV's gay channel, what's it called?
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00009-00006900-00007000 Logo?
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00010-00007100-00007300 Logo asked us if they could play it
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00011-00007309-00007400 we got a whole bunch of weird
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00012-00007409-00007600 very progay like a gay
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00013-00007600-00007800 magazine asked for an interview and all this stuff
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00014-00007900-00008090 we almost got perceived as being this gay band
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00015-00008100-00008300 which is fine we didn't care
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00016-00008310-00008500 but uh so the next video were were like
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00017-00008510-00008700 let's make sure it's only girls
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00018-00010400-00010500 I didn't know about that until after we'd done it
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00019-00010700-00010800 and I'd participated in it
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00020-00011300-00011400 a complete accident
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00021-00011500-00011700 we have all these ideas to make videos
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00022-00011710-00012000 and then they're the dumbest sleaziest 0:02:00.1,0:02:0.0 (?) what the music is telling us (?)
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00023-00012110-00012500 otherwise the guys directing the videos
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00024-00012610-00012700 are more apt to 
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00025-00012810-00012900 if we say "hey we wanna do a Troma style movie"
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00026-00012910-00013000 "there's gonna be a lot of blood"
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00027-00013110-00013200 "we're gonna spend a lot of money"
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00028-00013410-00013500 whatever friend that are gonna direct it
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00029-00013510-00013600 are gonna be like "yeah, okay"
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00030-00013710-00014000 but if we're like "hey we're gonna have a buncha girls in their underwear"
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00031-00014110-00014200 all of 'em are like "lemme do it I'll do it can I do it?"
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00032-00016710-00016800 I don't even know what that is.
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00033-00017610-00017800 we do a lot of nerd shit but I am not
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00034-00018010-00018200 I have nothing to do with nerd shit. at all.
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00035-00018310-00018400 I am not a fucking nerd
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00036-00019210-00019300 but I'm just gonna bullshit
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00037-00022410-00022500 not in a bad way
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00038-00026210-00026300 that's all Martin
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00039-00028710-00028800 variations of the same game
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00040-00029110-00029400 I honestly stopped even giving a shit about video games after Super Nintendo
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00041-00030010-00030500 I liked Soul Calibur I just not got into it.
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00042-00034310-00034400 Are they adding it in like
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00043-00034510-00034600 the Depreciation Guild type thing
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00044-00034710-00034800 like in the background
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00045-00037610-00037700 like dancehall
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00046-00038510-00038600 it's almost the same type of music anyway
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00047-00039110-00039300 the one draw is basically like the bleep of Nintendo music 
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00048-00047210-00047300 making the kind of music we'd already been making
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00049-00052210-00052300 playing bands but I'm getting older
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00050-00052310-00052400 it's taking more work I'm spending all my money
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00051-00052910-00053000 play a show get crazy drunk if i want
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00052-00053210-00053300 paid in beer if I have to
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00053-00053510-00053600 it'd be fun
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00054-00053710-00053900 one off side we were only gonna do like three or four songs
ZOyW2ObeWnQ-00055-00056110-00056200 what I would rather people be taking from it
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00000-00004184-00004384 foreign
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00001-00005344-00005784 foreign
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00002-00006304-00007184 foreign
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00003-00008031-00008584 foreign
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00004-00014000-00014184 foreign
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00005-00016480-00016984 foreign
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00006-00017624-00018384 foreign
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00007-00018848-00019784 foreign
ZOVcZk7vgwI-00008-00023632-00023984 um
ZRMMApUNPhI-00000-00000483-00000893 The usual narrative about Katrina recovery is that FEMA came in, came in late.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00001-00000893-00001221 We know all these stories of them messing up.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00002-00001221-00001499 What is interesting is people don't know what worked.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00003-00001499-00001838 It's much easier and obvious what didn't work.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00004-00001838-00002044 The stories of the good stuff that happened are harder.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00005-00002044-00002424 You've got to dig them out a little bit It's a motivation for research too.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00006-00002424-00002836 Which is, "You guys think you know what's going on here," but using this framework,
ZRMMApUNPhI-00007-00002836-00003285 and this kind of evidence, we can tell a different story.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00008-00003285-00003811 Walmart as hero, that sentence right there, is enough to turn people's world views upside
ZRMMApUNPhI-00009-00003811-00003911 down.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00010-00003911-00004477 When the storm hits, we got a major American city under water.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00011-00004477-00004915 How are you going to get water and food and cleanup equipment to people in the aftermath
ZRMMApUNPhI-00012-00004915-00005096 of the storm?
ZRMMApUNPhI-00013-00005096-00005629 The first question that people ask coming at it from the kind of perspective that a
ZRMMApUNPhI-00014-00005629-00005923 Mercatus scholar would do is "What's the information?
ZRMMApUNPhI-00015-00005923-00006137 What's the incentive?"
ZRMMApUNPhI-00016-00006137-00006440 Walmart's great skill is inventory management.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00017-00006440-00007006 In the 1990s, their ability to speed up inventory management was a measurable part of GDP in
ZRMMApUNPhI-00018-00007006-00007106 some of those years.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00019-00007106-00007248 This is what Walmart does.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00020-00007248-00007509 It moves stuff to where it needs to be.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00021-00007509-00008098 Unsurprisingly, companies like Walmart have their own hurricane preparedness protocols.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00022-00008098-00008716 They were able to immediately start getting supplies into New Orleans and to the places
ZRMMApUNPhI-00023-00008716-00008946 along the Gulf to the east...
ZRMMApUNPhI-00024-00008946-00009205 One of the problems they had was that in a couple cases, FEMA wouldn't let them in.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00025-00009205-00009386 Walmart was sitting there with trucks of water and stuff.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00026-00009386-00009578 There were these various fights.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00027-00009578-00009767 Agencies like FEMA lack the information.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00028-00009767-00010232 Their incentive, , is to avoid error rather than solve the problem, which are two different
ZRMMApUNPhI-00029-00010232-00010332 things.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00030-00010332-00010724 That lack of information and incentives facing a public sector agency like FEMA is a real
ZRMMApUNPhI-00031-00010724-00010824 problem.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00032-00010824-00011078 Plus they only deal with these things on rare occasions.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00033-00011078-00011446 It's not like they have a hurricane every single day that they have to respond to.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00034-00011446-00011806 Walmart has supply management issues [laughs] every single day, so they're really good at
ZRMMApUNPhI-00035-00011806-00011906 this.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00036-00011906-00012234 Something like 110 stores were damaged in the aftermath of the storm.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00037-00012234-00012607 Most of those they had up and running within about 10 days.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00038-00012607-00013035 I also think we can't ignore with Walmart too that the management at Walmart sent a
ZRMMApUNPhI-00039-00013035-00013391 very clear message to their employees: do the right thing.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00040-00013391-00013691 We know you're going to have to make decisions without being able to consult your bosses.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00041-00013691-00013791 We know that you'll do the right thing.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00042-00013791-00014191 One store manager, assistant manager, in Waveland, Mississippi...The store was just flattened.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00043-00014191-00014413 It was nothing.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00044-00014413-00014785 Through the wreckage of the store, she ran a bulldozer through it, scooping up whatever
ZRMMApUNPhI-00045-00014785-00015159 she thought was still usable, just scooped it into the middle of the parking lot, and
ZRMMApUNPhI-00046-00015159-00015391 said to people, "Come get it."
ZRMMApUNPhI-00047-00015391-00015491 One place, they broke in.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00048-00015491-00015984 The manager broke into the pharmacy, raided it for drugs, brought them to a local retirement
ZRMMApUNPhI-00049-00015984-00016084 home.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00050-00016084-00016305 The fact is they're part of those communities.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00051-00016305-00016424 Their employees live there.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00052-00016424-00016689 They have no desire to see those communities go under.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00053-00016689-00017394 If it means we have to take an economic loss to do right by our neighbors, they're going
ZRMMApUNPhI-00054-00017394-00017494 to do it.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00055-00017494-00017751 Again, it's not that there are not profit considerations here.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00056-00017751-00017926 There are just multiple considerations in play.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00057-00017926-00018444 It's the idea, the doux‑commerce thesis, that commerce civilizes us.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00058-00018444-00018554 It makes us more peaceful.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00059-00018554-00018995 It makes us treat each other better.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00060-00018995-00019440 For a private sector firm like Walmart, they know what people need after a storm.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00061-00019440-00019781 The classic story I love to tell is they know that the most popular food item is strawberry
ZRMMApUNPhI-00062-00019781-00019892 Pop‑Tarts.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00063-00019892-00020067 Why strawberry Pop‑Tarts?
ZRMMApUNPhI-00064-00020067-00020175 Anyone...Kids will eat them.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00065-00020175-00020275 Adults will eat them.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00066-00020275-00020375 They don't need to be cooked.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00067-00020375-00020597 Strawberry because that's the least offensive flavor.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00068-00020597-00020697 They're not perishable.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00069-00020697-00020797 They don't have to heat them up.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00070-00020797-00021081 They know this kind of stuff from their own--they have profit reasons to know this.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00071-00021081-00021326 I think the key is local knowledge.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00072-00021326-00021800 That idea, like we saw with Walmart, giving responsibility to lower level employees and
ZRMMApUNPhI-00073-00021800-00022127 recognizing the initiative there, that's what we saw with the Coastguard.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00074-00022127-00022671 . You have, with the Coastguard, a very decentralized organization, an organization with a strong
ZRMMApUNPhI-00075-00022671-00022944 culture of initiative in it.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00076-00022944-00023349 They have great relationships with the local people who are along the coast.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00077-00023349-00023677 One of the things that they were able to do was get local fisherman to bring their boats
ZRMMApUNPhI-00078-00023677-00024134 and do boat rescues Coastguard rescued over 20,000 people, and
ZRMMApUNPhI-00079-00024134-00024518 kept a lot of folks alive, and did really good work in that process.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00080-00024518-00025050 For me, that's a particular point in pride, is that this research has mattered.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00081-00025050-00025407 It's changed the way people think about an important issue.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00082-00025407-00025507 How do people respond?
ZRMMApUNPhI-00083-00025507-00025673 How do they build from the ground up?
ZRMMApUNPhI-00084-00025673-00025812 What information did they have?
ZRMMApUNPhI-00085-00025812-00026185 That's a very Austrian school point, When we think about the incentives facing
ZRMMApUNPhI-00086-00026185-00026894 the political process, facing the public sector, that's a particularly public choice type insight.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00087-00026894-00027327 Some of the other parts of the project looked at the role of the church or these other social
ZRMMApUNPhI-00088-00027327-00027427 organizations.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00089-00027427-00027888 That's a very Bloomington School, Indiana type story.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00090-00027888-00028390 What's happened since Katrina is that a lot of local areas, municipal governments, and
ZRMMApUNPhI-00091-00028390-00028759 local disaster management folks, have engaged in collaborative ventures with the private
ZRMMApUNPhI-00092-00028759-00029220 sector to at least work them into the protocol process and to recognize their role.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00093-00029220-00029736 I think the thing that really sets us apart is what we looked for as the evidence to tell
ZRMMApUNPhI-00094-00029736-00029836 the story.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00095-00029836-00030019 We didn't go download a big data set.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00096-00030019-00030355 "Let's go look at what people said was happening.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00097-00030355-00030587 What did the actors on the ground have to say?
ZRMMApUNPhI-00098-00030587-00030747 What were they doing?"
ZRMMApUNPhI-00099-00030747-00031166 That meant looking at media reports, that meant doing interviews, that meant getting
ZRMMApUNPhI-00100-00031166-00031283 oral histories.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00101-00031283-00031913 Doing that kind of leg work, that qualitative data type work, is a unique thing I think
ZRMMApUNPhI-00102-00031913-00032139 to the Mercatus Program, to PPE.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00103-00032139-00032280 That differentiates our product.
ZRMMApUNPhI-00104-00032280-00032590 It lets us tell stories that other people can't.
ZSr__0IiWPA-00000-00000010-00000146 FOR THE BEAVERS, AND THEY HANG
ZSr__0IiWPA-00001-00000146-00000153 FOR THE BEAVERS, AND THEY HANG  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00002-00000153-00000346 FOR THE BEAVERS, AND THEY HANG ON TO WIN 5-2.
ZSr__0IiWPA-00003-00000346-00000353 FOR THE BEAVERS, AND THEY HANG ON TO WIN 5-2.  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00004-00000353-00000587 FOR THE BEAVERS, AND THEY HANG ON TO WIN 5-2. ANOTHER BIG SERIES FOR WOMEN'S
ZSr__0IiWPA-00005-00000587-00000593 ON TO WIN 5-2. ANOTHER BIG SERIES FOR WOMEN'S  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00006-00000593-00000670 ON TO WIN 5-2. ANOTHER BIG SERIES FOR WOMEN'S HOCKEY.
ZSr__0IiWPA-00007-00000670-00000677 ANOTHER BIG SERIES FOR WOMEN'S HOCKEY.  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00008-00000677-00001284 ANOTHER BIG SERIES FOR WOMEN'S HOCKEY. THEY WELCOME TOP 10 MINNESOTA
ZSr__0IiWPA-00009-00001284-00001291 HOCKEY. THEY WELCOME TOP 10 MINNESOTA  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00010-00001291-00001354 HOCKEY. THEY WELCOME TOP 10 MINNESOTA TO THE SECOND, STILL NO SCORE,
ZSr__0IiWPA-00011-00001354-00001361 THEY WELCOME TOP 10 MINNESOTA TO THE SECOND, STILL NO SCORE,  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00012-00001361-00001411 THEY WELCOME TOP 10 MINNESOTA TO THE SECOND, STILL NO SCORE, GOPHERS ON THE POWER
ZSr__0IiWPA-00013-00001411-00001418 TO THE SECOND, STILL NO SCORE, GOPHERS ON THE POWER  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00014-00001418-00001474 TO THE SECOND, STILL NO SCORE, GOPHERS ON THE POWER PLAY, GRACE ZUMWINKLE THE
ZSr__0IiWPA-00015-00001474-00001481 GOPHERS ON THE POWER PLAY, GRACE ZUMWINKLE THE  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00016-00001481-00001548 GOPHERS ON THE POWER PLAY, GRACE ZUMWINKLE THE ONE-TIMER, VISITORS ON THE BOARD
ZSr__0IiWPA-00017-00001548-00001554 PLAY, GRACE ZUMWINKLE THE ONE-TIMER, VISITORS ON THE BOARD  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00018-00001554-00001628 PLAY, GRACE ZUMWINKLE THE ONE-TIMER, VISITORS ON THE BOARD FIRST.
ZSr__0IiWPA-00019-00001628-00001634 ONE-TIMER, VISITORS ON THE BOARD FIRST.  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00020-00001634-00001701 ONE-TIMER, VISITORS ON THE BOARD FIRST. AFTER THEY ADD ANOTHER, TO THE
ZSr__0IiWPA-00021-00001701-00001708 FIRST. AFTER THEY ADD ANOTHER, TO THE  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00022-00001708-00001764 FIRST. AFTER THEY ADD ANOTHER, TO THE THIRD, ABBY HALLUSKA WITH
ZSr__0IiWPA-00023-00001764-00001771 AFTER THEY ADD ANOTHER, TO THE THIRD, ABBY HALLUSKA WITH  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00024-00001771-00001838 AFTER THEY ADD ANOTHER, TO THE THIRD, ABBY HALLUSKA WITH SOME SPEED, FINISHES TOP SHELF,
ZSr__0IiWPA-00025-00001838-00001845 THIRD, ABBY HALLUSKA WITH SOME SPEED, FINISHES TOP SHELF,  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00026-00001845-00002078 THIRD, ABBY HALLUSKA WITH SOME SPEED, FINISHES TOP SHELF, WHAT A BEAUTY, BSU DOWN ONE.
ZSr__0IiWPA-00027-00002078-00002085 SOME SPEED, FINISHES TOP SHELF, WHAT A BEAUTY, BSU DOWN ONE.  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00028-00002085-00002182 SOME SPEED, FINISHES TOP SHELF, WHAT A BEAUTY, BSU DOWN ONE. THEY HAD SOME CHANCES LAST FEW
ZSr__0IiWPA-00029-00002182-00002188 WHAT A BEAUTY, BSU DOWN ONE. THEY HAD SOME CHANCES LAST FEW  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00030-00002188-00002295 WHAT A BEAUTY, BSU DOWN ONE. THEY HAD SOME CHANCES LAST FEW MINUTES, BUT THE GOPHERS GET
ZSr__0IiWPA-00031-00002295-00002302 THEY HAD SOME CHANCES LAST FEW MINUTES, BUT THE GOPHERS GET  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00032-00002302-00002399 THEY HAD SOME CHANCES LAST FEW MINUTES, BUT THE GOPHERS GET AN EMPTY NETTER WITH JUST
ZSr__0IiWPA-00033-00002399-00002405 MINUTES, BUT THE GOPHERS GET AN EMPTY NETTER WITH JUST  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00034-00002405-00002505 MINUTES, BUT THE GOPHERS GET AN EMPTY NETTER WITH JUST SECONDS LEFT TO PUT THIS ONE
ZSr__0IiWPA-00035-00002505-00002512 AN EMPTY NETTER WITH JUST SECONDS LEFT TO PUT THIS ONE  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00036-00002512-00002726 AN EMPTY NETTER WITH JUST SECONDS LEFT TO PUT THIS ONE AWAY.
ZSr__0IiWPA-00037-00002726-00002732 SECONDS LEFT TO PUT THIS ONE AWAY.  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00038-00002732-00002799 SECONDS LEFT TO PUT THIS ONE AWAY. BEAVERS BATTLE TO THE END, BUT
ZSr__0IiWPA-00039-00002799-00002806 AWAY. BEAVERS BATTLE TO THE END, BUT  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00040-00002806-00002866 AWAY. BEAVERS BATTLE TO THE END, BUT GAME ONE GOES TO MAROON AND
ZSr__0IiWPA-00041-00002866-00002872 BEAVERS BATTLE TO THE END, BUT GAME ONE GOES TO MAROON AND  
ZSr__0IiWPA-00042-00002872-00003019 BEAVERS BATTLE TO THE END, BUT GAME ONE GOES TO MAROON AND GOLD, 3-1 THE FINAL.
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00000-00000000-00000102 Good morning. Hank. It's Tuesday.
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00001-00000102-00000316 So I'm on vacation on the shores of Lake Michigan
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00002-00000316-00000576 and last night Twilight looked like this.
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00003-00000576-00000864 I learned yesterday that the first half hour or so after the sun sets
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00004-00000864-00001152 is called Civil Twilight, because it's considered by some
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00005-00001152-00001446 governments to be legally still daytime.
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00006-00001446-00001518 Like centuries ago,
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00007-00001518-00001904 nighttime burglary was often considered a more serious crime than daytime burglary,
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00008-00001904-00002152 and criminals would sometimes seek lesser sentences
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00009-00002152-00002544 by claiming that they robbed a house not at night, but during Civil Twilight.
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00010-00002544-00002754 I just love that phrase Civil twilight,
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00011-00002754-00003100 the adjective Civil makes almost every noun better except war.
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00012-00003100-00003150 Anyway,
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00013-00003150-00003324 I've been thinking a lot about sunsets this week
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00014-00003324-00003442 because the ones here in Michigan
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00015-00003442-00003750 are so ostentatiously beautiful, like back home in Indiana
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00016-00003750-00004106 The light often gets gray and then grayer until it's dark.
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00017-00004107-00004538 But here in Michigan, at least at this time of year these sunsets are mundane
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00018-00004548-00004847 They're ordinary which also makes them cliche of course
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00019-00004848-00005166 I mean the beauty of sunsets and the Civil Twilight's that follow is by now
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00020-00005166-00005877 So cliche that it's difficult to say anything interesting about them like I love E. E. Cummings famous sunset poem which goes: who are you little
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00021-00005877-00006483 eye, 5 or 6 years old peering from some high window at the gold of November Sunset and
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00022-00006517-00006944 Feeling that if day has to become night. This is a beautiful way
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00023-00006948-00007050 It's a good poem
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00024-00007050-00007691 But it only works because Cummings situates the observation in childhood when one is presumably too innocent to have yet realized
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00025-00007692-00008159 How lame it is to write about sunsets and yet a good sunset is beautiful and better still
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00026-00008215-00008741 universally so like our ancestors didn't eat like us or travel like us their relationship to ideas as
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00027-00008754-00009086 Fundamental as light and time were vastly different from ours
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00028-00009086-00009659 but every human who's lived more than a Few years on this planet has seen a beautiful sunset and paused to spend one of the
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00029-00009660-00010361 Last moments of day to be grateful for and overwhelmed by the light, but even now I'm swimming in sentimental waters
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00030-00010361-00010625 How do you celebrate a sunset without being cheesy maybe
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00031-00010639-00011177 stated in cold facts? So here's what happens before a beam of sunlight gets to your eyes it has millions of
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00032-00011190-00011390 interactions with molecules that cause the so-called
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00033-00011422-00012044 Scattering of light different wavelengths are sent off to different directions when interacting with say oxygen or nitrogen in the atmosphere
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00034-00012045-00012245 But at sunset the light travels through the atmosphere
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00035-00012256-00012774 Longer before it reaches our eyes so that much of the blue and purple has been scattered away before it reaches us
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00036-00012774-00012959 I think it's helpful to know how sunsets work
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00037-00012959-00013457 And I've never bought the romantic notion that scientific understanding somehow robs the universe of its beauty
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00038-00013457-00013934 But it still doesn't communicate much about how I felt looking at this absolutely routine
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00039-00013981-00014183 Totally un-extraordinary Civil Twilight
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00040-00014203-00014480 How it felt to look at something that was as beautiful as it was
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00041-00014487-00015140 Normal and to be comforted both by the beauty and the normalcy so anyway I tried to photograph it because you know that's what people
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00042-00015140-00015626 do but of course the camera couldn't capture how I felt in the space between yesterday and last night and
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00043-00015637-00016073 Apparently neither can my voice over. All I can say is that sometimes the world stops me cold
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00044-00016073-00016358 And I feel my smallness and you'd think that would be sad
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00045-00016378-00017033 But it isn't it only makes me grateful Toni Morrison once wrote that at some point in life the world's beauty becomes enough
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00046-00017050-00017504 You don't need to photograph paint or even remember it it is enough
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00047-00017504-00017876 So I turned off my camera, and it was it was enough
ZV_HHLXuXq0-00048-00017931-00018131 Hank I'll see you on Friday
ZWTDfHzX_og-00000-00000003-00000675 so the other day Josh Evans released the video threatening to expose Colleen
ZWTDfHzX_og-00001-00000675-00001149 ballinger Shane Dawson and Trisha Paytas but it looks like he has changed his
ZWTDfHzX_og-00002-00001149-00001637 mind and Shane Dawson even reached out to him and there's so much that we can
ZWTDfHzX_og-00003-00001637-00002843 learn from this entire situation so make sure that you stay tuned what is up
ZWTDfHzX_og-00004-00002843-00003270 everybody this is Chris from the rewired soul where we talk about the problem but
ZWTDfHzX_og-00005-00003270-00003632 focus on the solution and if you're new to my channel what I try to do is take
ZWTDfHzX_og-00006-00003632-00004026 different topics going on in the YouTube community try to see what lessons we can
ZWTDfHzX_og-00007-00004026-00004443 learn from them because what good is watching all this stuff go on if we
ZWTDfHzX_og-00008-00004443-00004809 can't relate it to our own lives and try to improve them so if you're into that
ZWTDfHzX_og-00009-00004809-00005211 stuff make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bow all right a real
ZWTDfHzX_og-00010-00005211-00005573 quick announcement for those of you who don't know my brand new book cancelled
ZWTDfHzX_og-00011-00005573-00006042 inside YouTube cancel count the culture is out now so check out the description
ZWTDfHzX_og-00012-00006042-00006479 check out the pen comment below there is a free version of the ebook available
ZWTDfHzX_og-00013-00006479-00006809 until the end of the month so make sure that you grab your copy there's also an
ZWTDfHzX_og-00014-00006809-00007179 audiobook if that's what you prefer I personally like audiobooks I like to
ZWTDfHzX_og-00015-00007179-00007620 listen while I Drive and also by the way real quick real quick around Spotify
ZWTDfHzX_og-00016-00007620-00007943 over on Apple podcasts and Google podcasts and trying to get on more I
ZWTDfHzX_og-00017-00007943-00008271 have my own podcast is called a different lens I'm doing daily podcast
ZWTDfHzX_og-00018-00008271-00008553 so make sure you check that out that would have got in the description too
ZWTDfHzX_og-00019-00008553-00008897 all right anyways let's jump into this thing so
ZWTDfHzX_og-00020-00008897-00009411 yeah if you haven't seen yet watch my last video about Josh Evans he has since
ZWTDfHzX_og-00021-00009411-00009840 deleted that video so I want to say right now
ZWTDfHzX_og-00022-00009840-00010332 like please for the love of God if you're watching this video if you're if
ZWTDfHzX_og-00023-00010332-00010992 you're here like learn from this situation like I could not express how
ZWTDfHzX_og-00024-00010992-00011429 proud I am of this dude Josh like mom man
ZWTDfHzX_og-00025-00011429-00012099 Josh like this is huge so anyways he just released his new video and he
ZWTDfHzX_og-00026-00012099-00012552 discusses how you know he you know took down his other video and he changed his
ZWTDfHzX_og-00027-00012552-00012830 mind he's not gonna do that so like here's
ZWTDfHzX_og-00028-00012830-00013288 like so many of us can relate to this and you know when he released his first
ZWTDfHzX_og-00029-00013288-00013747 video I'm like okay like this is just like a warm-up video like he labeled at
ZWTDfHzX_og-00030-00013747-00014213 part one I'm like maybe he's gonna change his mind right because he could
ZWTDfHzX_og-00031-00014213-00014696 have just come out and did it all and just released this whole thing but I
ZWTDfHzX_og-00032-00014696-00015191 don't know maybe a part of him knew it was a bad idea but so many of us do this
ZWTDfHzX_og-00033-00015191-00015827 like when we let our emotions dictate our actions it gets us in to trouble
ZWTDfHzX_og-00034-00015827-00016319 alright this is why we need to work on our mental health and regulate our
ZWTDfHzX_og-00035-00016319-00016775 emotions because it can lead us to doing bad things so like I like Josh like
ZWTDfHzX_og-00036-00016775-00017150 thank God you know he made that kind of warm up video before the actual video
ZWTDfHzX_og-00037-00017150-00017528 and he was able to decompress and change his mind
ZWTDfHzX_og-00038-00017528-00018074 like I can relate to that so much like can I relate to that but I wish I had
ZWTDfHzX_og-00039-00018074-00018581 you know the ability that Josh did like if you read my book cancel or if you've
ZWTDfHzX_og-00040-00018581-00018965 been around for a while I made a video a while back in a hotel room at about not
ZWTDfHzX_og-00041-00018965-00019352 oh no two in the morning released it deleted it the next day it wasn't good I
ZWTDfHzX_og-00042-00019352-00019901 talked about that in the book right and I wish I would have given it time but
ZWTDfHzX_og-00043-00019901-00020339 like a lot of us do this so much like when we're feeling depressed and we're
ZWTDfHzX_og-00044-00020339-00020831 just feeling hurt and Josh opened up about you know his parents splitting up
ZWTDfHzX_og-00045-00020831-00021347 and he got really vulnerable and everything like that and in my opinion I
ZWTDfHzX_og-00046-00021347-00021650 don't think he's playing the victim or anything like that like it's just things
ZWTDfHzX_og-00047-00021650-00022250 that we go through and that's what happens and it's not a valid excuse for
ZWTDfHzX_og-00048-00022250-00022573 certain behaviors but we need to understand like people are going through
ZWTDfHzX_og-00049-00022573-00022877 stuff and something that I learned a long time ago
ZWTDfHzX_og-00050-00022877-00023320 especially reflecting on who I used to be because I used to be a real dick but
ZWTDfHzX_og-00051-00023320-00023750 hurt people hurt people and that's what Josh was talking about
ZWTDfHzX_og-00052-00023750-00024227 like and I really hope one of the lessons that everybody can take away
ZWTDfHzX_og-00053-00024227-00024734 from this is just realize the people in your life who are hurting you or even
ZWTDfHzX_og-00054-00024734-00025364 the strangers online who are hurting you just know they are probably going
ZWTDfHzX_og-00055-00025364-00025775 through something all right no this does not give a good reason for
ZWTDfHzX_og-00056-00025775-00026060 somebody to say terrible things to you on Twitter
ZWTDfHzX_og-00057-00026060-00026483 or Instagram or Facebook or whatever it is that's not a good reason but I just
ZWTDfHzX_og-00058-00026483-00026845 want you to look at Josh's situation and understand a lot of people are going
ZWTDfHzX_og-00059-00026845-00027248 through situations like that and they lash out online like that's something
ZWTDfHzX_og-00060-00027248-00027545 that keeps me sane on this platform when I get hate
ZWTDfHzX_og-00061-00027545-00027857 comments when people make videos about me and all these other things like I'm
ZWTDfHzX_og-00062-00027857-00028424 like this person is probably hurting you know what I mean this person has
ZWTDfHzX_og-00063-00028424-00028964 something going on in their life and sometimes my emotions get the best of me
ZWTDfHzX_og-00064-00028964-00029264 but when I'm able to pause and even just take a few breaths I'm like you know
ZWTDfHzX_og-00065-00029264-00029758 what this person is probably hurting because most of my life I was hurting
ZWTDfHzX_og-00066-00029758-00030514 and I'm so glad that like I don't know there's no public records of the awful
ZWTDfHzX_og-00067-00030514-00031079 person I used to be like I hurt and I wanted everybody else to hurt too right
ZWTDfHzX_og-00068-00031079-00031733 and I was just such a dick online right and that's why I empathize with people
ZWTDfHzX_og-00069-00031733-00032164 who come after me and hate on me and trolled me right I'm like okay like
ZWTDfHzX_og-00070-00032164-00032689 you're probably hurting just as bad as I was but anyways so Josh's situation when
ZWTDfHzX_og-00071-00032689-00033092 he made that first video which he ended up taking down here's my suggestion okay
ZWTDfHzX_og-00072-00033092-00033575 and this is something that I'm still actively working on but I'm a lot better
ZWTDfHzX_og-00073-00033575-00034085 at it than I used to be and it's this when you are feeling some type of way
ZWTDfHzX_og-00074-00034085-00034415 whether it's depression or anger or whatever it is and you're about to make
ZWTDfHzX_og-00075-00034415-00034874 a decision this is why we need a support group so we can bounce that idea off of
ZWTDfHzX_og-00076-00034874-00035273 somebody well I mean we're gonna do something we should ask somebody else
ZWTDfHzX_og-00077-00035273-00035774 and say hey does this seem like a good idea you know what I mean and it seems
ZWTDfHzX_og-00078-00035774-00036221 like Josh had those people afterwards but not before and this is something
ZWTDfHzX_og-00079-00036221-00036566 that I've had to do many times that video that I mentioned the video that I
ZWTDfHzX_og-00080-00036566-00036869 mentioned that I deleted I didn't have people around I was out of town and I
ZWTDfHzX_og-00081-00036869-00037514 just fortunes right but 99% of time like you guys there are so many videos that
ZWTDfHzX_og-00082-00037514-00037952 I've roof I haven't made look at a house other people I asked my beautiful
ZWTDfHzX_og-00083-00037952-00038435 girlfriend Tristan or a mentor of mine or my therapist or like a sponsor like
ZWTDfHzX_og-00084-00038435-00038768 or people who are in recovery to them I do you think this is a good idea right
ZWTDfHzX_og-00085-00038768-00039198 and like you guys if there's nothing else if you've been zoned out this whole
ZWTDfHzX_og-00086-00039198-00039705 like please please please please pay attention to the part of Josh's video
ZWTDfHzX_og-00087-00039705-00040464 where he says like the answer is never ever ever ever to try to hurt somebody
ZWTDfHzX_og-00088-00040464-00040958 else and this is something that makes me really sad about the YouTube community
ZWTDfHzX_og-00089-00040958-00041445 not all the YouTube community but the community that I you know I'm not a huge
ZWTDfHzX_og-00090-00041445-00041850 fan of right now there are a lot of commentary channels where they hold
ZWTDfHzX_og-00091-00041850-00042675 grudges and they try to make content as a way as a weapon you know what I mean
ZWTDfHzX_og-00092-00042675-00043116 they're like you know what I don't like this person I'm gonna make a video right
ZWTDfHzX_og-00093-00043116-00043694 and that's a sad way to live man it's a really sad way to live like trust me
ZWTDfHzX_og-00094-00043694-00044328 trust me my feelings get hurt I can be a sensitive mofo right and I check my
ZWTDfHzX_og-00095-00044328-00044871 motives before I make videos because I'm like am I just trying to hurt this
ZWTDfHzX_og-00096-00044871-00045273 person do I want them to hurt do I want to cause them harm because I learned
ZWTDfHzX_og-00097-00045273-00045669 over many many years of my life like that it doesn't help I mentioned that in
ZWTDfHzX_og-00098-00045669-00046068 my last video about Josh like it seems like a good idea right and I don't have
ZWTDfHzX_og-00099-00046068-00046467 enough time in this video to explain to you the evolutionary psychology behind a
ZWTDfHzX_og-00100-00046467-00046863 revenge but there's a reason why we want revenge is the reason why we want other
ZWTDfHzX_og-00101-00046863-00047220 people to hurt right it actually makes us feel good and let
ZWTDfHzX_og-00102-00047220-00047442 me know down in the comments if you want me to make a separate video or maybe
ZWTDfHzX_og-00103-00047442-00047805 talk about it in a podcast but anyways something I learned is that it's never
ZWTDfHzX_og-00104-00047805-00048105 the answer I used to be the type of person and maybe you can relate to this
ZWTDfHzX_og-00105-00048105-00048588 where if somebody to you know like got me I wanted to get them ten times worse
ZWTDfHzX_og-00106-00048588-00049083 you know and it never did me any favors alright so the last thing that we'll
ZWTDfHzX_og-00107-00049083-00049611 talk about is Josh mentions that Shane Dawson reached out to him and like
ZWTDfHzX_og-00108-00049611-00050007 that's so cool Shane Dawson is a good dude Shane Dawson
ZWTDfHzX_og-00109-00050007-00050610 is one of the most legit dudes on the platform is he flawless no he's a human
ZWTDfHzX_og-00110-00050610-00051105 being like the rest of us but the fact that Shane Dawson reached out to Josh
ZWTDfHzX_og-00111-00051105-00051672 you know that's huge and we may you know we may never know what that conversation
ZWTDfHzX_og-00112-00051672-00052046 was about but maybe you know when Colleen and Josh went through that
ZWTDfHzX_og-00113-00052046-00052686 divorce Shane might have you know inadvertently hurt Josh you know what I
ZWTDfHzX_og-00114-00052686-00053109 mean and this is why like I just really try to advocate for us to have
ZWTDfHzX_og-00115-00053109-00053472 conversations with each other just talk to each other I've been talking to so
ZWTDfHzX_og-00116-00053472-00054024 many people and DMS on Twitter and Instagram and things like it is
ZWTDfHzX_og-00117-00054024-00054617 mind-blowing how many times people hold grudges like people hold grudges like
ZWTDfHzX_og-00118-00054617-00055158 you see this with Josh right we hold grudges for months for years right and
ZWTDfHzX_og-00119-00055158-00055719 it's all based on a misunderstanding one of the worst cognitive distortions
ZWTDfHzX_og-00120-00055719-00056187 that we can have is being mind reader's right we think we know what that other
ZWTDfHzX_og-00121-00056187-00056792 person is thinking we think we know why they did exactly what they did but we
ZWTDfHzX_og-00122-00056792-00057270 don't we need to have conversations with people we need to be grownups we need to
ZWTDfHzX_og-00123-00057270-00057629 be adults we need to just start talking to people and this is something that
ZWTDfHzX_og-00124-00057629-00058101 kind of twists us YouTube creators like many of us YouTube creators you look
ZWTDfHzX_og-00125-00058101-00058454 around look at all the back-and-forth response videos it's like we don't even
ZWTDfHzX_og-00126-00058454-00058779 know how to have conversations anymore we feel like we have to make these big
ZWTDfHzX_og-00127-00058779-00059183 expose videos and everything like that and just like reply and everything like
ZWTDfHzX_og-00128-00059183-00059690 I I do make an effort to reach out to any creator who has a problem with me
ZWTDfHzX_og-00129-00059690-00060351 most of them 99% of them won't have a conversation a lot of them even you know
ZWTDfHzX_og-00130-00060351-00060738 tweet publicly because they won't talk to you in DMS I was actually talking to
ZWTDfHzX_og-00131-00060738-00061116 another creator in DMS who has coming out me on Twitter publicly
ZWTDfHzX_og-00132-00061116-00061437 I had him open the dance I'm like dude like why don't you just talk to me
ZWTDfHzX_og-00133-00061437-00061797 privately because like that's kind of the day and age that we live in where
ZWTDfHzX_og-00134-00061797-00062235 people just want to you know expose each other and it's just it's sad man and
ZWTDfHzX_og-00135-00062235-00062640 it's just like I accept that that's part of living in 2019 and that's like the
ZWTDfHzX_og-00136-00062640-00063000 culture we live in but I really hope that all of you start having
ZWTDfHzX_og-00137-00063000-00063372 conversations with the people in your life and quit holding on to these
ZWTDfHzX_og-00138-00063372-00063683 grudges because it's just causing your own suffering you know what I mean if
ZWTDfHzX_og-00139-00063683-00064062 you have a problem with somebody just talk to him about it you know maybe you
ZWTDfHzX_og-00140-00064062-00064371 misunderstood their motives their intentions maybe they didn't even
ZWTDfHzX_og-00141-00064371-00064862 realize they hurt you you know what I mean but anyways like I'm super super
ZWTDfHzX_og-00142-00064862-00065366 super proud of Josh I hope he doesn't leave I'm really happy to hear that he's
ZWTDfHzX_og-00143-00065366-00065586 you know back therapy and everything like that it
ZWTDfHzX_og-00144-00065586-00066033 sounds like he's tried different things like maybe neurofeedback or transcranial
ZWTDfHzX_og-00145-00066033-00066389 magnetic stimulation for his depression or whatever it is but I don't know I
ZWTDfHzX_og-00146-00066389-00066657 would love to see and talk more about that because I think he's helping a lot
ZWTDfHzX_og-00147-00066657-00067002 of people well I've been anyways that's all I got for this video make sure you
ZWTDfHzX_og-00148-00067002-00067236 check out the description any pink comment below
ZWTDfHzX_og-00149-00067236-00067605 go get your copy of my book cancelled inside youtube cancel culture and check
ZWTDfHzX_og-00150-00067605-00068004 out my podcast I am doing daily podcast alright but if you like this video
ZWTDfHzX_og-00151-00068004-00068313 please give it a thumbs up if you're new make sure you subscribe and ring that
ZWTDfHzX_og-00152-00068313-00068658 notification about and a huge huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel
ZWTDfHzX_og-00153-00068658-00069020 of our patreon you are all amazing and a huge thank you to everybody who has
ZWTDfHzX_og-00154-00069020-00069393 bought a copy of cancel or my other books like rewired anchor rewire your
ZWTDfHzX_og-00155-00069393-00069825 anxiety you are all amazing alright thanks again for watching I'll see you
ZWTDfHzX_og-00156-00069825-00070058 next time
Zbo09uquaD4-00000-00001162-00001512 I loved you and perhaps I love you still
Zbo09uquaD4-00001-00001590-00001935 the print perhaps doesn not annoy me, yet
Zbo09uquaD4-00002-00001935-00002517 it correlates with half of my wardrobe, no longer should it be my closet
Zbo09uquaD4-00003-00002517-00002817 so silently and hopelessly I owned you
Zbo09uquaD4-00004-00002876-00003176 but now need for money made me cry
Zbo09uquaD4-00005-00003234-00003644 God grant you find another who will love you
Zbo09uquaD4-00006-00003644-00004018 as tenderly and truthfully as I
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00000-00000196-00000346 Puppy Toys
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00001-00000575-00000792 Let's learn numbers and colors
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00002-00001735-00001818 Pink
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00003-00003590-00003670 One
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00004-00003899-00003995 Orange
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00005-00006915-00007002 Two
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00006-00007236-00007336 White
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00007-00009880-00009972 Three
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00008-00010193-00010281 Blue
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00009-00012929-00013033 Four
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00010-00013204-00013292 Red
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00011-00015452-00015553 Five
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00012-00015740-00015840 Green
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00013-00017655-00017855 Learning numbers and colors
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00014-00018873-00018985 Six
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00015-00019152-00019252 Yellow
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00016-00022484-00022655 Seven
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00017-00022768-00022868 Brown
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00018-00025825-00025930 Eight
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00019-00026105-00026242 Pink
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00020-00029241-00029341 Nine
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00021-00029487-00029583 Purple
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00022-00034121-00034192 Ten
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00023-00034205-00034388 We learned numbers and colors
ZbGog-Q1Ilg-00024-00034513-00034622 Puppy Toys
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00000-00000012-00000249 بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00001-00000252-00000694 نحمده و نصلي على رسوله الكريم أما بعد
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00002-00000805-00001517 أن رجل جاءه الموت في زمن رسول فقال رجل
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00003-00001597-00002177 In the era of Nabi (ﷺ) a Sahabi passed away.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00004-00002250-00002780 So somebody said: هنيئا له مات ولم يبتل بمرض
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00005-00002907-00003315 That how fortunate is this person that he passed away
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00006-00003340-00003660 and he was not inflicted with any sickness.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00007-00003700-00004020 فقال ﷺ ويحك
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00008-00004020-00004340 Nabi (ﷺ) said: ''Destruction be on you''
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00009-00004340-00004777 ما يدريك له أن الله إبتلاه بمرض
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00010-00004815-00005044 How do you know that if Allah
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00011-00005044-00005273 had inflicted him with this sickness
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00012-00005317-00005600 يكفر عنه من سيئاته
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00013-00005622-00005930 It would have been a means for his sins,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00014-00005930-00006200 for his Gunah to be forgiven.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00015-00006220-00006570 It could have been a means for his salvation
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00016-00006597-00007056 ساعات المرض يذهبن ساعات الخطايا
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00017-00007070-00007330 That hours of sickness
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00018-00007380-00007700 wipe out eliminate
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00019-00007700-00008127 hours and hours of Ma'siyat, sin and disobedience.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00020-00008159-00008422 So when Allah (ﷻ) favours
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00021-00008456-00008809 one with the bounty and Ni'mat of sickness,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00022-00008830-00009262 then we should receive this gift with open arms.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00023-00009317-00009690 May Allah (ﷻ) give us the reality of all his bounties.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00024-00009717-00009950 لما خلق الله الأرض
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00025-00009967-00010210 جعلت الأرض أن تميد
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00026-00010210-00010467 When Allah (ﷻ) created the earth,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00027-00010512-00010860 the earth started shaking and trembling
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00028-00010860-00011510 فأرساها بالجبال: so Allah (ﷻ) stabilized the earth with mountains.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00029-00011547-00011907 فاستقرت so it became stabilized
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00030-00011940-00012237 and like how when a person
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00031-00012290-00012587 goes to wheel balancing and alignment,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00032-00012587-00012847 places for his vehicle the tyre is wobbling.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00033-00012880-00013366 So you stabilize the tyre, so like this the earth became stabilized.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00034-00013400-00013719 فتعجَّبَتِ الملائكة من شدة الجبال
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00035-00013719-00014060 The Frashitas (Angels) became amazed and
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00036-00014072-00014415 were shocked at the might of the mountains.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00037-00014430-00014960 وقالت ربّنا هل خلقت خلقا أشد من الجبال
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00038-00014960-00015272 So they asked Allah have you created a
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00039-00015307-00015691 power a force more robust than the mountains.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00040-00015741-00016069 Allah replied: "Yes": قال نعم الحديد Iron
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00041-00016115-00016612 فتعجبتِ الملائكة: again the Malaaikah were amazed when they seen
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00042-00016640-00016912 the creation of Allah (ﷻ) and they asked
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00043-00016930-00017450 Oh Allah have you created a creation أشد من الحديد
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00044-00017472-00018005 more mighty and powerful than iron Allah (ﷻ) replied: "Yes"
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00045-00018045-00018575 I have created النّار fire فتعحَّبَتِ الملائكة
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00046-00018600-00018855 again the Malaaikah (Angels) were perplexed and amazed
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00047-00018890-00019050 at fire.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00048-00019090-00019570 So they asked Allah: هل خلقت خلقا أشد من الجبال
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00049-00019570-00019870 Oh Allah have you created a creation
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00050-00019887-00020537 more powerful than fire Allah (ﷻ) than said: "Yes"
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00051-00020560-00020832 I did create something more powerful
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00052-00020875-00021112 الماء water.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00053-00021150-00021580 فتعَجَّبَتِ الملائكة: again the Malaaikah (Angels) were perplexed
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00054-00021610-00021970 and they were amazed at this creation and they asked:
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00055-00021970-00022480 هل خلقت خلقا أشد من الماء
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00056-00022480-00023032 Oh Allah you created more powerful than water Allah (ﷻ) said: "Yes"
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00057-00023050-00023370 الريح: I have created wind
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00058-00023370-00023790 فتعَجَّبَتِ الملائكة: once again the Malaaikah were perplexed.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00059-00023790-00024200 هل خلقت خلقا أشد من الريح
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00060-00024200-00024622 Is there anything more powerful than wind Allah (ﷻ) replied: "Yes"
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00061-00024640-00024900 إبن آدم: This Insaan (Mankind).
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00062-00024900-00025330 إذا تصدق صدقة بيمينه
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00063-00025330-00025660 When this human being gives Sadaqah,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00064-00025660-00026200 charity with his right hand فأخفاها عن شماله
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00065-00026207-00026697 and he hides it from his left hand than this,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00066-00026720-00027239 Sadaqah, this charity is more powerful
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00067-00027239-00027630 than all these creations. We can understand
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00068-00027652-00028250 the value and power in words but the actual reality
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00069-00028250-00028625 and Haqeeqat (Reality) can not be comprehended.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00070-00028625-00028930 by this Insaan and by this human being.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00071-00028950-00029489 It may seem insignificant it may seem small but every cent,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00072-00029489-00029970 every grain that is given to Allah (ﷻ)
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00073-00029970-00030250 will not go in vain.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00074-00030250-00030720 It is said: خرجت إمرأة ومعها صَبِيٌّ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00075-00030720-00030920 Let us see this valley of Sadaqah
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00076-00030958-00031345 A woman with a child one day went out.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00077-00031380-00032037 and جاء الذئب a wolf came and snatched a child.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00078-00032060-00032600 As the child got snatched and she noticed it she ran,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00079-00032600-00033110 for her child and as she was behind this
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00080-00033127-00033327 wolf trying to catch up with it.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00081-00033350-00033580 Somebody came and stopped her
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00082-00033615-00033780 and asked her
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00083-00033830-00034082 for anything to eat
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00084-00034142-00034525 in that dismay the only food that she had, she gave it
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00085-00034630-00034952 and she lost sight of the wolf and her child
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00086-00034997-00035376 فجاء ذئب بِصَبِيِّها
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00087-00035382-00035801 the wolf returned with her child
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00088-00035810-00036080 حتي رده عليها
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00089-00036130-00036350 and it returned her child
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00090-00036350-00036490 فحتف حاتف<b></b>
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00091-00036507-00036852 and she heard a sound
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00092-00036864-00037222 هذه لقمة بلقمة
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00093-00037240-00037570 this is the luqma (Morsel) for that luqma.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00094-00037570-00037950 The luqma, the morsel of food that you gave that person.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00095-00037977-00038260 This is the recompense.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00096-00038340-00038692 So every A'mal is great in the eyes of Allah (ﷻ).
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00097-00038710-00038920 Allah gives us reward.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00098-00038920-00039180 How fortunate are the people of Imaan,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00099-00039180-00039540 reward in Dunya, reward in Aakhirah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00100-00039540-00039715 There was one great Aabid (Worshipper)
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00101-00039715-00040085 (من بني إسرائيل) he worshiped Allah (ﷻ)
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00102-00040100-00040382 (ستين سنة) for sixty years
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00103-00040420-00040750 ونظر يوما إلى بعد سار<b></b>
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00104-00040758-00041035 one day as the gardens
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00105-00041090-00041490 summer came in, the rains fell, he looked at the earth.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00106-00041490-00041840 He looked at the scenery outside the place of Ibaadah,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00107-00041840-00042000 his place of worship.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00108-00042022-00042517 (فأعجبته الأرض) he was amazed at the scenery.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00109-00042530-00043030 So he decided should I not go out and witness this scenery.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00110-00043030-00043490 So he left his place of Ibaadah after so many years.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00111-00043490-00044002 He took some food and provisions, one loaf of bread.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00112-00044040-00044720 (فعُرِضَتْ له إمرأة) on his journey he came across a female.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00113-00044720-00045040 فكشفت له فافتتن بها
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00114-00045040-00045670 after seeing her beauty it so happened his gaze fell on her.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00115-00045670-00045840 He became enticed.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00116-00045870-00046150 فلم يملك نفسه أن واكعها<b></b>
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00117-00046150-00046510 It so happened that he committed adultery, with her.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00118-00046612-00047012 After a certain amount of time, regret came over him.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00119-00047030-00047470 He started to make Taubah at that moment death came to him.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00120-00047470-00047670 He had a visit from death
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00121-00047715-00047870 and at that point in time.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00122-00047890-00048180 A سائل, a beggar came to him.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00123-00048200-00048560 and asked him: فأعطاه الرغيف
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00124-00048582-00048970 and he gave the beggar that piece of bread.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00125-00048987-00049242 فمات and he passed away.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00126-00049290-00049620 On the time Hisaab - Kitaab came,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00127-00049620-00050040 the sixty years were weighed on one side of the scale
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00128-00050067-00050500 and the Gunah that he committed was weighed on the other side.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00129-00050512-00050992 فرجحت خطيئته بعمل ستين سنة
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00130-00051065-00051304 The Gunah (sin) that he committed wiped
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00131-00051304-00051629 out all sixty years of his Ibaadah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00132-00051672-00052170 It erased all of his Ibadaah of his entire life.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00133-00052262-00052570 then جِيْءَ بالرَّغِيْف.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00134-00052570-00052929 The piece of bread that he gave in Sadaqah was brought.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00135-00052929-00053450 فوضع مع عمله: and it was placed on the scale of his A'maal
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00136-00053466-00053729 and it out weighed the sins.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00137-00053752-00053982 It out weighed that Gunah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00138-00054052-00054570 So we should not think of any A'mal as insignificant
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00139-00054570-00054827 and when an opportunity comes to give Sadaqah
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00140-00054846-00055064 let us not hold back.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00141-00055110-00055337 People look at how much we have given,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00142-00055360-00055591 look how much you have kept by you.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00143-00055610-00055790 look how much you have kept by you
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00144-00055827-00056340 Maalik Bin Dinaar once was sitting and a beggar came
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00145-00056366-00056666 and he had a basket of dates.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00146-00056690-00056990 فقال لإمرأته إئتني بها
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00147-00056990-00057370 He said:"Bring the dates فأخذها مالك"
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00148-00057370-00057710 So he took the dates فأعطى نصفها إلى السائل
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00149-00057713-00057860 and he gave half to the beggar.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00150-00057877-00058120 وَرَدَّ نصْفَهَا إلى إمرأته
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00151-00058120-00058290 and he said: "Keep the other half".
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00152-00058312-00058560 فقالت له إمرأته
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00153-00058560-00058732 His wife proclaimed,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00154-00058760-00058960 imagine the woman of Islaam.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00155-00058970-00059420 What Sifaat, what qualities, we need Masturaat
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00156-00059420-00059815 and woman that encourage the men, the uncles
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00157-00059825-00060110 the brothers, the sons of Islaam.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00158-00060110-00060310 To strive for the Deen of Allah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00159-00060310-00060620 To make sure that every breath of theirs
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00160-00060620-00060879 is given for the Deen of Allah(ﷻ).
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00161-00060879-00061190 she said: مثلك يُسَمّي زاهدا
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00162-00061190-00061410 people call you a Zaahid,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00163-00061410-00061760 a pious person, Hazrat Wala, Sheikh
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00164-00061760-00062179 هل رأيت أحدا يبعث إلى الملك هدية
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00165-00062179-00062520 مكسرة فدعا المالك بالسائل
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00166-00062520-00062920 She said that can it be possible that
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00167-00062990-00063440 somebody sends a gift to the king
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00168-00063440-00063820 which is broken which is deformed.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00169-00063840-00064172 You had the opportunity to give the entire basket,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00170-00064197-00064550 you deprived this is going to Allah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00171-00064550-00064750 Don't look at the beggar.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00172-00064750-00065160 فدعا مالك بالسائل: He said: "Call him back now."
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00173-00065160-00065570 and he gave him the rest of the dates.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00174-00065585-00065804 So we need to perfect our
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00175-00065804-00066052 Sadaqah it is not just about giving
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00176-00066060-00066480 Sadaqah and charity but it is doing it with perfection.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00177-00066480-00066910 That's why Ulama say we need seven Sifaat and qualities.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00178-00066910-00067070 when we give Sadaqah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00179-00067070-00067430 أولها إخراجها من حلال
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00180-00067430-00067920 that we should make sure that our Rizq and sustenance is Halaal.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00181-00067920-00068290 The Robin Hood scenario is not permissible.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00182-00068290-00068500 Whether you steal from wherever,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00183-00068500-00068750 that wealth is Haraam.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00184-00068770-00068987 It is of no benefit, if a person has
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00185-00068987-00069115 interest the first question is,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00186-00069120-00069242 Where did you get it from?
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00187-00069260-00069557 How did you get in that position to even own interest.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00188-00069580-00069850 Forget where it should be dispersed.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00189-00069850-00070150 Secondly, إعطائها
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00190-00070150-00070620 and trying to give maximum of what you are in need of.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00191-00070620-00070870 So even if a person doesn't have,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00192-00070870-00071130 give the little bit that you have.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00193-00071130-00071440 Third, تعجيلها مخافة الفوت
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00194-00071460-00071670 and to rush in giving it.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00195-00071680-00071930 because you don't know if he will get Taufeeq.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00196-00071930-00072200 A Buzrooq (Pious Person) was making Ghusal and he screamed.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00197-00072200-00072417 to his Khadim (Servant), give that away.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00198-00072440-00072730 After the Khadim inquired Sheikh you could have waited.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00199-00072730-00073010 He said: "I did not know and have Yaqeen
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00200-00073010-00073450 I will finish my Ghusal or I will have the Taufeeq to give it.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00201-00073450-00073900 So when Allah puts it in your heart to give Sadaqah,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00202-00073900-00074280 charity to give for the Deen of Allah(ﷻ),
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00203-00074280-00074430 Don't hold back.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00204-00074430-00074950 Number four: تصفيتها مخافة البخل
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00205-00074972-00075420 and give it your prime, your a grade.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00206-00075420-00075780 Your premium whatever, you have in your wealth.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00207-00075810-00076190 The best quality the superior quality.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00208-00076190-00076530 Give him that for the Deen of Allah(ﷻ).
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00209-00076530-00076785 Generally for our ourselves,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00210-00076810-00077270 our children, our family, we buy the best clothes.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00211-00077270-00077510 Give the best food why?
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00212-00077510-00077760 For the Deen of Allah (ﷻ).
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00213-00077760-00077960 We don't give our best.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00214-00077972-00078280 Number five: يعطيها في السر
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00215-00078327-00078677 and we should give it in secret,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00216-00078689-00079000 very discreetly, do not disclose.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00217-00079027-00079300 Do not put big slogans,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00218-00079300-00079600 make I'laan (Announcement) let people know,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00219-00079600-00079730 what we have done.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00220-00079745-00080020 Number six: بعد المنِّ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00221-00080020-00080262 and stay far
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00222-00080280-00080480 from reminding the people,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00223-00080480-00080770 who you have done any good to in your life.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00224-00080770-00081052 Abstain from reminding them of your good
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00225-00081090-00081412 and seven, that do not cause
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00226-00081430-00081760 كَفُّ الأذى عن صاحبها
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00227-00081780-00082092 Do not cause any grievance,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00228-00082100-00082520 or harm to the person, we are giving it to.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00229-00082520-00082850 We should be very courteous and polite.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00230-00082850-00083130 When we administer and we give
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00231-00083152-00083570 Sadaqah. They say there was one young
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00232-00083570-00083890 mother who was hospitalized,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00233-00083890-00084190 due to old age she fell in a coma.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00234-00084190-00084390 She was put in ICU.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00235-00084390-00084790 A few days later, they called the son
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00236-00084790-00085050 and said her condition was now hopeless.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00237-00085070-00085337 There was no hope and her condition,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00238-00085380-00085550 was such that,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00239-00085562-00085907 they expected her to depart from this Dunya anytime
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00240-00085957-00086247 the son distressed and distraught,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00241-00086270-00086600 left the hospital he had some needs,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00242-00086600-00087007 on his way back he was returning to the hospital,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00243-00087040-00087160 to visit his mother
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00244-00087182-00087430 and he stopped at a gas station.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00245-00087462-00087810 As he was waiting for the attendant to fill his tank.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00246-00087830-00087932 He noticed,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00247-00087960-00088280 outside in the cold and rainy weather.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00248-00088280-00088522 There was a cat who had just given birth,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00249-00088524-00088890 to litter, under a cardboard box.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00250-00088890-00089180 These children could hardly walk.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00251-00089180-00089485 They looked very frail and,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00252-00089510-00089820 it seemed like they were going to die.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00253-00089820-00090120 The mother with the baby were very weak.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00254-00090160-00090320 He said: "Who would feed,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00255-00090360-00090590 these creatures of Allah"
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00256-00090602-00090830 under these circumstances.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00257-00090830-00091070 So he went to the store
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00258-00091070-00091232 and he bought some food
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00259-00091270-00091592 and he poured the contents and prepared it
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00260-00091610-00091762 for the cats
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00261-00091852-00092222 and left. When he entered the intensive care unit,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00262-00092240-00092537 he saw his mother was not there.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00263-00092610-00092860 He fell into a greater panic,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00264-00092872-00093230 realizing and thinking that his mother had passed on.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00265-00093290-00093600 In this panic stricken mode,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00266-00093600-00093804 He went to a nurse and inquired
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00267-00093804-00093945 what had happened to his mother
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00268-00093980-00094272 and where was her body. She informed him,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00269-00094300-00094650 that her condition had improved drastically
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00270-00094650-00094850 and they moved her to the next room.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00271-00094890-00095220 He went to his mother and found her fully alert.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00272-00095240-00095577 he made salaam to her and asked her what had happened.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00273-00095600-00095960 she said that she had a dream while she was unconscious.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00274-00095997-00096445 She had saw the cat and the kittens with their hands,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00275-00096480-00096680 extended to the sky.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00276-00096680-00097242 Their hands extended to the Asmaan making Dua for her.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00277-00097295-00097627 and as he heard the words of his mother,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00278-00097650-00097930 he was filled with tears.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00279-00097945-00098265 As he could not believe what had happened.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00280-00098297-00098670 so لا تحقرن من المعروف شيئا
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00281-00098700-00099040 Do not think any A'mal of Deen,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00282-00099060-00099390 to be insignificant, let us realize,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00283-00099390-00099790 the value of the life that Allah (ﷻ) has given us.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00284-00099802-00100077 Let us realize this value of this wealth
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00285-00100077-00100312 and Amaanat (Trust) Allah (ﷻ) has given us
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00286-00100340-00100612 and let us utilize it properly.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00287-00100640-00100840 اذَا أَتَيتَ مَضْجَعَكَ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00288-00100840-00101320 When a person goes to bed he should make Wudhu (Ablution).
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00289-00101350-00101750 Then in the condition of Wudhu if he goes to bed,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00290-00101750-00102160 and lies علي شقك الأيمن on his right side
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00291-00102173-00102333 and he reads this Dua.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00292-00102340-00102585 للَّهُمَّ أَسْلَمْتُ نفِسي إِلَيكَ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00293-00102600-00102770 ووجهت وجهي إليك
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00294-00102785-00102970 وفَوَّضتُ أَمري إِلَيْكَ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00295-00102985-00103176 وأَلَجَأْتُ ظَهرِي إِلَيْكَ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00296-00103190-00103413 رغبةً ورهْبَةً إِلَيْكَ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00297-00103446-00103790 لامَلجأَ ولا مَنجأ مِنْكَ إِلاَّ إِليكَ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00298-00103820-00104159 آمنتُ بِكِتَابِكَ الذِي أَنزَلْت
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00299-00104159-00104413 وَبِنَبِيِّكَ الذِي أَرسَلتَ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00300-00104446-00104623 If he reads this Dua,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00301-00104623-00104850 then Nabi (ﷺ) has promised,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00302-00104863-00105103 فإن مت من ليلَتِكَ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00303-00105123-00105373 If Allah takes your Ruh (Soul) that night.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00304-00105383-00105609 مِتَّ عَلَى الفِطرةِ
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00305-00105635-00105746 You die
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00306-00105746-00105876 on Fitra,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00307-00105883-00106103 on the natural disposition,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00308-00106120-00106303 instinct of Imaan.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00309-00106323-00106620 A person dies on Imaan. Another Riwaayat:
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00310-00106626-00106790 دخل الجنة
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00311-00106843-00107209 He is a Jannati, count him from amongst,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00312-00107216-00107409 the inhabitants of Jannah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00313-00107423-00107585 وإن أصبحت
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00314-00107609-00107809 أصبت خيرا
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00315-00107835-00108083 And if Allah gives a person life,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00316-00108103-00108209 then
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00317-00108223-00108356 he will get up
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00318-00108396-00108585 in a good condition,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00319-00108616-00108935 with Khair and Barakah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00320-00108935-00109303 وجعلهن الأخرة ما تكلم
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00321-00109353-00109446 and make
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00322-00109466-00109635 your last words
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00323-00109646-00109759 when you sleep.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00324-00109776-00110076 This Dua obviously this should be your last words
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00325-00110096-00110350 and if a person can not fall asleep then they should be,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00326-00110366-00110530 reciting Durood.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00327-00110540-00110716 Moulana Inaamul Hasan used to say:
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00328-00110733-00110970 That charity is like a room with,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00329-00110970-00111063 two doors
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00330-00111113-00111413 when a person gives Sadaqah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00331-00111513-00111780 Then when the one window is open,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00332-00111806-00112023 The window of Rizq (Sustenance).
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00333-00112043-00112330 The other window is the window of Sadaqah.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00334-00112350-00112526 When he gives Sadaqah,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00335-00112543-00112885 then for ventilation in the room you need two windows.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00336-00112903-00113193 So when he has give this Sadaqah, he has opened that window,
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00337-00113216-00113540 he is opening the door to Rizq and Sustenance.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00338-00113553-00113759 May Allah give us Taufeeq of making A'mal.
ZbJJSDHkjWI-00339-00113759-00114363 و آخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين
ZcdqTjOeONA-00000-00000112-00000813 In this video we'll go over numerical differentiation. After studying this video you should be able
ZcdqTjOeONA-00001-00000813-00001519 to drive finite difference formulas from the Tylor series. And these are approximations
ZcdqTjOeONA-00002-00001519-00002403 of derivatives. And you should be able to predict the behavior of the truncation error
ZcdqTjOeONA-00003-00002403-00002889 for various finite difference differentiation formulas. And we'll define that term, truncation
ZcdqTjOeONA-00004-00002889-00003794 error, in a couple minutes. First let's talk about some applications of numerical differentiation.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00005-00003794-00004807 So one application is to differentiate discrete data directly. For example, tabulated properties
ZcdqTjOeONA-00006-00004807-00005901 like thermodynamic properties or experimental data. You can also use numerical differentiation
ZcdqTjOeONA-00007-00005901-00006455 techniques to compute derivatives of functions that are difficult or impossible to differentiate
ZcdqTjOeONA-00008-00006455-00007089 analytically. Probably most important is to understand numerical differentiation as a
ZcdqTjOeONA-00009-00007089-00007650 basis for other numerical methods. We've looked at two cases so far where we've used finite
ZcdqTjOeONA-00010-00007650-00008258 difference formulas. Both in the secant method for roots problems and developing a finite
ZcdqTjOeONA-00011-00008258-00008983 difference Jacobian matrix for Newton-Raphson. A wider array of finite difference approximations
ZcdqTjOeONA-00012-00008983-00009520 are going to be used in developing algorithms we'll look at for numerical methods for differential
ZcdqTjOeONA-00013-00009520-00010299 equations. And that topic is coming soon in this class. So let's start by reviewing the
ZcdqTjOeONA-00014-00010299-00011061 definition of differentiation. The mathematical definition of a derivative begins with a difference
ZcdqTjOeONA-00015-00011061-00012541 approximation. So if we look at delta Y, the change in Y, over the change in X of a function,
ZcdqTjOeONA-00016-00012541-00013390 we can evaluate that as F evaluated at X plus delta X minutes F of X all divided by delta
ZcdqTjOeONA-00017-00013390-00014068 X. And as we allow delta X to approach zero and take the limit that difference becomes
ZcdqTjOeONA-00018-00014068-00015246 a derivative. And this is the definition in calculus. And as we do that, that slope that
ZcdqTjOeONA-00019-00015246-00016484 starts out as being a secant line on the curve eventually goes to a tangent line that is
ZcdqTjOeONA-00020-00016484-00017395 the slope of the curve at that point X. So you learned in calculus how to take derivative
ZcdqTjOeONA-00021-00017395-00017928 using various analytical techniques. And what we want to look at now is how we can take
ZcdqTjOeONA-00022-00017928-00018715 some numerical techniques to calculate a derivative. So the simplest approach would be just to
ZcdqTjOeONA-00023-00018715-00019535 drop the limit and use a finite delta X instead of taking the limit as it goes to zero we
ZcdqTjOeONA-00024-00019535-00020573 will just drop the limit, use a small delta X, close to zero, and recognize that we're
ZcdqTjOeONA-00025-00020573-00021268 gonna have some sort of error. And what we want to do is know well, what kind of error
ZcdqTjOeONA-00026-00021268-00022793 is this approach going to give us? So how much error? And can we improve on this approach?
ZcdqTjOeONA-00027-00022793-00023346 So in order to get an understanding of the error the place we'll look is the Taylor series.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00028-00023346-00024198 So recall from calculus, we can use the Taylor series to product the next value of a function.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00029-00024198-00024920 So, function evaluated at some XI plus 1 is gonna be F of XI, plus F prime of XI, so that's
ZcdqTjOeONA-00030-00024920-00025808 the derivative at XI, times H, where H is our delta X, the difference between XI plus
ZcdqTjOeONA-00031-00025808-00026683 1 and XI. Plus the second derivative of F over 2 factorial times H squared and so on.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00032-00026683-00027142 And so you can look. This graph, it kind of illustrates how the Taylor series works. If
ZcdqTjOeONA-00033-00027142-00027730 we take a zero order Taylor series it's just saying that F of XI plus 1 is equal to F of
ZcdqTjOeONA-00034-00027730-00028456 X sub I. Our first order would just use the first derivative term here. And we'd be approximating
ZcdqTjOeONA-00035-00028456-00029343 the function as a linear function from XI to XI plus 1. The second order Taylor series
ZcdqTjOeONA-00036-00029343-00030368 brings in some curvature with the second derivative and if we used all of the terms in the Taylor
ZcdqTjOeONA-00037-00030368-00031202 series we'd have the exact value of the function at XI plus 1. So we can use the Taylor series
ZcdqTjOeONA-00038-00031202-00031992 to understand, going backwards, what type of error we're gonna have when we take this
ZcdqTjOeONA-00039-00031992-00033089 derivative. So here's the Taylor series again and we can use it to derive that finite difference
ZcdqTjOeONA-00040-00033089-00033596 approximation that we get by just taking a finite delta X and the way to do that is we
ZcdqTjOeONA-00041-00033596-00034758 would just solve for F prime. So if we solve for F prime of X we get F prime at XI is equal
ZcdqTjOeONA-00042-00034758-00035997 to F at XI plus 1 minus F at XI all divided by H, which again that H is just our delta
ZcdqTjOeONA-00043-00035997-00036583 X. And then, so we've brought all that over, and then we're gonna have these terms left
ZcdqTjOeONA-00044-00036583-00037722 over which I will write as plus F double prime XI over 2 factorial times H, because we've
ZcdqTjOeONA-00045-00037722-00039183 divided out one of those H's. Plus this is terms of order H cubed and higher. So that's
ZcdqTjOeONA-00046-00039183-00040172 like these terms. Just going on out to the infinite number of terms in the Taylor series.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00047-00040172-00041625 So we'll just take the leading term and keep track of that. So what we see here is our
ZcdqTjOeONA-00048-00041625-00042369 finite difference approximation. That looks just like F of X plus delta X and we have
ZcdqTjOeONA-00049-00042369-00043231 a measure of the error over here. So this is not order H squared. And so we can see
ZcdqTjOeONA-00050-00043231-00044424 that overall the error is proportional to H. Or proportional to delta X. And one way
ZcdqTjOeONA-00051-00044424-00045121 to look at this is we've developed this finite difference approximation by truncating these
ZcdqTjOeONA-00052-00045121-00045962 terms of the Taylor series. So we've essentially truncated, or cut off, those terms starting
ZcdqTjOeONA-00053-00045962-00046477 with the H squared term of the Taylor series. And when we do that and divide through by
ZcdqTjOeONA-00054-00046477-00047168 the H we see we have an error proportional to H and we call that the truncation error.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00055-00047168-00048131 And we'll go ahead and call this term then, a first order, because it's proportional to
ZcdqTjOeONA-00056-00048131-00049333 H to the 1, so it's a first order and we're looking forward to XI plus 1 to calculate
ZcdqTjOeONA-00057-00049333-00050449 the finite difference. So it's a first order forward 
ZcdqTjOeONA-00058-00050449-00051016 finite difference approximation. We're just gonna lump all those higher order terms into
ZcdqTjOeONA-00059-00051016-00052265 some order H so we know it's first order. So we can kind of go forward from this approach
ZcdqTjOeONA-00060-00052265-00052782 and use a Taylor series to come up with other finite difference approximations. In this
ZcdqTjOeONA-00061-00052782-00053423 example we used it to get an understanding of the truncation error that we got when we
ZcdqTjOeONA-00062-00053423-00054532 simply introduced the finite difference approximation in the first place. But we can also use the
ZcdqTjOeONA-00063-00054532-00055059 Taylor series to develop additional finite difference approximations and to understand
ZcdqTjOeONA-00064-00055059-00055644 how they behave. So let's look at a couple. So here's our forward finite difference. Again,
ZcdqTjOeONA-00065-00055644-00056065 first order. So to look at how that, what that's really doing, if we're trying to find
ZcdqTjOeONA-00066-00056065-00057032 this derivative at X sub I here, so here's F of X sub I, we're using the result at FXI
ZcdqTjOeONA-00067-00057032-00057583 plus 1 to estimate that derivative. So we are approximating the derivative. This would
ZcdqTjOeONA-00068-00057583-00058257 be H, the difference between Xi and XI plus 1, and we're approximating that derivative
ZcdqTjOeONA-00069-00058257-00058820 with the secant line on the curve there. We know the true derivative. Looks like it's
ZcdqTjOeONA-00070-00058820-00059882 pretty darn close to zero on this function so that would be the true slope. DF DX. So
ZcdqTjOeONA-00071-00059882-00060879 our approximation would have some error there. And again, that error is proportional to H.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00072-00060879-00061554 We can develop a backward difference formula just by going backwards with the Taylor series
ZcdqTjOeONA-00073-00061554-00062797 and get a difference formula that looks at F of X I minus 1. And so that would look over
ZcdqTjOeONA-00074-00062797-00063839 here we'd take F of X I minus 1 and approximate that derivative with that error. Sorry, with
ZcdqTjOeONA-00075-00063839-00064369 that secant line. So we see both of these are obviously gonna have some error. And that
ZcdqTjOeONA-00076-00064369-00065683 error is gonna get smaller, decreases, the error decreases proportional to H. So if the
ZcdqTjOeONA-00077-00065683-00067212 error is .5 and we reduce H, so let's say ET, our true error, is equal to 0.5 at H equals
ZcdqTjOeONA-00078-00067212-00068250 0.1, and then we take H equals 0.05, so we cut H in half, that means that we could expect
ZcdqTjOeONA-00079-00068250-00069063 our true relative error to be 0.25. Sorry, that's our true error, not true relative error.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00080-00069063-00069501 So one thing you might notice looking at this picture is well, what about, it looks like
ZcdqTjOeONA-00081-00069501-00070557 if we took F of X I minus 1 and F of X I plus 1 and bracketed XI that would be what we would
ZcdqTjOeONA-00082-00070557-00071060 call a centered difference. If we center our two points across the point that we're approximating
ZcdqTjOeONA-00083-00071060-00071531 it looks like we get closer to the result. And in fact we do. And again we can look at
ZcdqTjOeONA-00084-00071531-00072060 the Taylor series to look at how that works. So here's a center difference where we will
ZcdqTjOeONA-00085-00072060-00072798 bracket the points. We'll bracket XI. So we're taking the derivative at XI but we're using
ZcdqTjOeONA-00086-00072798-00073395 XI plus 1 and XI minus 1. So let's get an understanding on what the truncation error
ZcdqTjOeONA-00087-00073395-00074897 is gonna be for this case. So now we are again, taking that point FXI minus 1 and FXI plus
ZcdqTjOeONA-00088-00074897-00076332 1 and using that approximation to approximate the slope here F prime at XI. And just looking
ZcdqTjOeONA-00089-00076332-00076802 at the picture since they're on either side and for this particular case and it's generally
ZcdqTjOeONA-00090-00076802-00077305 true it looks like it'll be more accurate. And we can look at the Taylor series expansion
ZcdqTjOeONA-00091-00077305-00077877 for both of those cases. So here's the Taylor series expansion for F of X I plus 1 and the
ZcdqTjOeONA-00092-00077877-00078670 Taylor series expansion for F of X I minus 1 and if we call this equation 1 and this
ZcdqTjOeONA-00093-00078670-00080151 equation 2 and what we'll do is subtract equation 2 from equation 1 and solve for F prime at
ZcdqTjOeONA-00094-00080151-00081367 X I. And what we get is F prime at X I is equal to, so if you imagine doing this, the
ZcdqTjOeONA-00095-00081367-00082124 F of XI's, these are gonna cancel when we subtract these two. And when we subtract here
ZcdqTjOeONA-00096-00082124-00082801 we're gonna get that 2 H that shows up on the bottom and we're gonna get F of X I plus
ZcdqTjOeONA-00097-00082801-00083617 1 minus F of X I minus 1 all divided by 2H and then let's look at what happens to the
ZcdqTjOeONA-00098-00083617-00084319 truncation error terms. For the H squared term we're gonna square that negative H. So
ZcdqTjOeONA-00099-00084319-00084825 again, these terms are gonna cancel out. Because when we square that negative H these terms
ZcdqTjOeONA-00100-00084825-00085526 are gonna be identical and they're gonna cancel out and we're left with the H cubed terms
ZcdqTjOeONA-00101-00085526-00086202 and then when we divide through by H we're gonna have just an H squared term. So this
ZcdqTjOeONA-00102-00086202-00087085 would be order H squared. So we see that the certain finite difference formula is gonna
ZcdqTjOeONA-00103-00087085-00088011 be order H squared, or second order, so what that's gonna mean is in that same case if
ZcdqTjOeONA-00104-00088011-00089387 we started with an H equal to. So if we started with an H and an error of .5 with H equal
ZcdqTjOeONA-00105-00089387-00091131 .1. So if we started with an error of 0.5 with H equal 0.1 and then we reduce H to 0.05,
ZcdqTjOeONA-00106-00091131-00092394 basically cutting H in half then our, since this is H over 2, our ET, our new error, is
ZcdqTjOeONA-00107-00092394-00093310 going to be equal to the old error ET or 0.5 divided by 2 squared. So that's where second
ZcdqTjOeONA-00108-00093310-00094373 order behavior is so that E T, our new error once we cut H in half, would be approximately
ZcdqTjOeONA-00109-00094373-00096233 0.5 over 4, or 0.125. So that's an indication of what happens when we go to a second order
ZcdqTjOeONA-00110-00096233-00097038 finite difference approximation. And we can look at going to higher order approximations
ZcdqTjOeONA-00111-00097038-00097573 and there's really a whole series of Taylor series gymnastics we can do. We'll just go
ZcdqTjOeONA-00112-00097573-00098316 through one more example. Often times we need to have a forward difference or backward difference
ZcdqTjOeONA-00113-00098316-00098888 approximation so if we wanted to come up with a second ordered forward difference approximation,
ZcdqTjOeONA-00114-00098888-00100708 so using F of X I, F at Xi plus 1, and F at XI plus 2 to come up with a derivative approximation
ZcdqTjOeONA-00115-00100708-00101577 at F of X I. So we're gonna try them again, approximate that derivative at F prime at
ZcdqTjOeONA-00116-00101577-00102791 XI. And what we can do is we'll start with these two equations. So what I have here we'll
ZcdqTjOeONA-00117-00102791-00103539 call equation 1, is just the Taylor series expansion for XI plus 1. And equation 2 is
ZcdqTjOeONA-00118-00103539-00104674 the Taylor series expansion for XI plus 2. And what I'm gonna do is start by eliminating
ZcdqTjOeONA-00119-00104674-00105244 the F prime term. This might seem counterintuitive but you'll see where we're going here in a
ZcdqTjOeONA-00120-00105244-00106382 minute. If we eliminate the F prime term by taking equation two minus twice times equation
ZcdqTjOeONA-00121-00106382-00108109 one, so we get F at XI plus 2, minus 2, F at XI plus 1, is equal to, and here we have
ZcdqTjOeONA-00122-00108109-00109107 F of X I minus 2 F of X I, so this becomes minus F at XI and F prime XI times 2H minus
ZcdqTjOeONA-00123-00109107-00110133 2 F prime XI times H. So that's gonna cancel. And then we have F double prime of XI times
ZcdqTjOeONA-00124-00110133-00111008 2H squared minus F double prime I times H squared. But this is times 2. 2 is gonna become
ZcdqTjOeONA-00125-00111008-00112221 a 4. So what we're gonna have left there is a 4 over 2 factorial minus a 2 over 2 factorial,
ZcdqTjOeONA-00126-00112221-00113669 or 2 minus 1, and we're just gonna have plus F double prime of XI times H squared plus
ZcdqTjOeONA-00127-00113669-00114702 terms order H cubed and higher. And what I'm gonna do with this term is solve now for F
ZcdqTjOeONA-00128-00114702-00116054 double prime and we'll plug that back in to our first term and solve for F prime. So if
ZcdqTjOeONA-00129-00116054-00117107 we solve that for F double prime we get the second derivative of XI is equal to F of X
ZcdqTjOeONA-00130-00117107-00119494 I plus 1. Sorry. F of X I plus 2. Minus 2. F of X I plus 1, plus F of X I, all divided
ZcdqTjOeONA-00131-00119494-00120294 by H squared, plus terms order H because now we've divided through by H squared so that
ZcdqTjOeONA-00132-00120294-00121033 becomes, that drops the H cubed down to an H. And so I'll call that equation 3. And I'm
ZcdqTjOeONA-00133-00121033-00123011 gonna substitute 3 for F double prime in equation 1 and what we get when we solve for F prime
ZcdqTjOeONA-00134-00123011-00124914 at XI is F prime at XI is equal to negative F X I plus 2 plus 4 F at XI plus 1 minus 3
ZcdqTjOeONA-00135-00124914-00125972 F at X I all divided by 2 H and then we're gonna plug that order H back times the H squared
ZcdqTjOeONA-00136-00125972-00126533 right here so what we've got left and then divide through by the 2 H here so we're actually
ZcdqTjOeONA-00137-00126533-00127413 gonna end up with a truncation error order H squared. So this then gives us a second
ZcdqTjOeONA-00138-00127413-00128249 order finite difference approximation that's a forward difference, looking forward two
ZcdqTjOeONA-00139-00128249-00128942 points from X to approximate that derivative at F prime. So this gives you an idea of how
ZcdqTjOeONA-00140-00128942-00129605 you can just kinda play some algebraic gymnastics with the Taylor series to come up with various
ZcdqTjOeONA-00141-00129605-00130208 finite difference approximations. It's important that you understand how to do this but there's
ZcdqTjOeONA-00142-00130208-00130763 no real need to reinvent the wheel, this has all been done before, and so what I've got
ZcdqTjOeONA-00143-00130763-00131465 here are some tables of various finite difference formulas. Oh, one thing I might note is notice
ZcdqTjOeONA-00144-00131465-00132566 along the way here we developed a finite difference, a first order, that's gonna be a first order
ZcdqTjOeONA-00145-00132566-00133687 forward difference approximation for F double prime at X I. So we came up with a finite
ZcdqTjOeONA-00146-00133687-00134221 difference approximation of the second derivative along the way. So here's some tables for your
ZcdqTjOeONA-00147-00134221-00134923 reference. These are forward finite difference formulas. So, and here's the truncation error
ZcdqTjOeONA-00148-00134923-00135767 over on the right column. So we have looked at that forward finite difference. We just
ZcdqTjOeONA-00149-00135767-00136685 derived the second order forward finite difference and here's the first order finite difference
ZcdqTjOeONA-00150-00136685-00137371 of the second derivative that we also just derived but we could come up with a second
ZcdqTjOeONA-00151-00137371-00138099 order finite difference for the second derivative and on for a third derivative and fourth derivative
ZcdqTjOeONA-00152-00138099-00138775 if we wanted. These are the backward finite difference formulas. You look, they kind of
ZcdqTjOeONA-00153-00138775-00139752 look like a mirror image which is not too surprising, of the forward finite difference
ZcdqTjOeONA-00154-00139752-00140606 formulas. And again, here's that backward difference which is first order and you can
ZcdqTjOeONA-00155-00140606-00141146 see that the second order backward difference looks pretty similar to what we just derived.
ZcdqTjOeONA-00156-00141146-00141619 And lastly we have the centered finite difference formulas. And you'll note that centered finite
ZcdqTjOeONA-00157-00141619-00142174 difference formulas are in general a little bit higher truncation error. So again, that
ZcdqTjOeONA-00158-00142174-00143071 means they are more accurate as we saw earlier. That's generally true. So, in fact, one really
ZcdqTjOeONA-00159-00143071-00143952 common one to use is a fourth order centered finite difference formula because this can
ZcdqTjOeONA-00160-00143952-00144938 give us pretty accurate results for relatively large values of H like H around 0.1 or something
ZcdqTjOeONA-00161-00144938-00145670 like that. So you can use these tables for reference to apply these high order finite
ZcdqTjOeONA-00162-00145670-00146321 difference formulas for calculating derivatives. And we'll talk more about the error behavior
ZcdqTjOeONA-00163-00146321-00146679 of how these approximations work in the next video.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00000-00000048-00000264 - All right, another class on Hebrews.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00001-00000264-00000453 The book of Hebrews, The Glorious Jesus.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00002-00000453-00000782 This is lesson number 13 in the series.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00003-00000876-00001204 The glory of the church of Christ
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00004-00001204-00001628 and the title of this particular section here,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00005-00001628-00001914 The Church of Christ is Holy part one.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00006-00001914-00002235 So we've said that the purpose of the author
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00007-00002235-00002702 of this particular epistle was to persuade his readers
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00008-00002702-00003202 not to abandon Christianity and return to Judaism.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00009-00003228-00003522 He does this by showing how Jesus is superior
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00010-00003522-00003800 and more glorious than any part or person
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00011-00003800-00004036 within the Jewish religion,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00012-00004036-00004396 that Jesus is the fulfillment of that religion.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00013-00004396-00004738 Next he says that God's people in every age
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00014-00004738-00005194 glorify God by their faithfulness and it's no different now.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00015-00005194-00005632 Jesus' disciples, His church, glorifies Him
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00016-00005632-00005856 by their faithfulness.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00017-00005856-00006175 Jesus has glorified the church by what He has done.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00018-00006175-00006571 The church glorifies Jesus by their faithfulness.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00019-00006571-00006737 So he emphasizes this point
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00020-00006737-00007064 by parading a long list of Jewish heroes
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00021-00007064-00007419 who all persevered under trial because of faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00022-00007419-00007745 and even though they died without ever possessing
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00023-00007745-00008038 the promises, by faith, he says,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00024-00008038-00008263 they saw them from afar
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00025-00008263-00008609 and died without giving hope.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00026-00008609-00008929 So the unmentioned point to his readers
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00027-00008929-00009133 is that they have seen the promise
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00028-00009133-00009375 of salvation realized in Jesus Christ.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00029-00009375-00009578 You know, the people he's writing to,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00030-00009578-00009930 they've seen Jesus, they've heard of what He has done.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00031-00009930-00010181 He's fulfilled all the promises that were made
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00032-00010181-00010398 to the people in the Old Testament
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00033-00010398-00010701 and they have a much better basis for their faith,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00034-00010701-00010840 for their belief.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00035-00010840-00011111 They also have a much stronger reason for their hope.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00036-00011111-00011287 You know, they've actually seen Jesus.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00037-00011287-00011532 He's actually died and resurrected, okay.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00038-00011532-00011918 So he says to them, this should help them
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00039-00011918-00012090 not to abandon their faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00040-00012090-00012474 In fact, it should help them to persevere all the more.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00041-00012474-00012606 You see the contrast?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00042-00012606-00012879 You know, he says if the people in the Old Testament,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00043-00012879-00013132 all these people here, heroes of faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00044-00013132-00013462 who persevered despite the fact
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00045-00013462-00013636 that they didn't see the promise fulfilled
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00046-00013636-00013780 but they hung in there anyways,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00047-00013780-00014038 you people, you've seen the promise fulfilled.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00048-00014038-00014349 Certainly you should also continue in faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00049-00014349-00014472 because you have a better basis
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00050-00014472-00014718 for your faith and your hope.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00051-00014718-00015087 So just as the vision created by their faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00052-00015087-00015440 enabled the prophets of the Old Testament
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00053-00015440-00015813 to overcome obstacles and die faithfully serving God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00054-00015813-00016116 even though they only had a glimpse of the promise,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00055-00016116-00016517 the much clearer vision created by the faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00056-00016517-00016820 in the fully revealed plan of God through Jesus Christ
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00057-00016820-00017224 should motivate the people of the New Testament,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00058-00017224-00017617 the new covenant, to holiness and service as well.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00059-00017617-00017810 So because we've seen Christ,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00060-00017810-00018002 because the promise is fulfilled,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00061-00018002-00018219 not only should we be faithful, he says,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00062-00018219-00018468 but we should also be holy
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00063-00018468-00018892 and we should also be a people of service.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00064-00018892-00019187 So in the final section of this epistle,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00065-00019187-00019467 the author is going to describe the holy life
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00066-00019467-00019928 produced and made possible by one whose eyes
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00067-00019928-00020204 have been opened by faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00068-00020204-00020509 And so he begins with the example of Jesus.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00069-00020509-00020936 The people saw from afar the promises.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00070-00020936-00021231 Today, he says, we see Jesus
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00071-00021231-00021475 and the author says that His example of faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00072-00021475-00021844 should be the motivating factor to holiness,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00073-00021844-00022086 to our acting in a holy way
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00074-00022086-00022282 and to our perseverance.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00075-00022282-00022493 So let's begin reading.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00076-00022493-00022788 Chapter 12:1.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00077-00022788-00023124 So he says, "Therefore, since we have so great a cloud
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00078-00023124-00023380 "of witnesses surrounding us,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00079-00023380-00023667 "let us also lay aside every encumbrance
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00080-00023667-00023981 "and the sin which so easily entangles us,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00081-00023981-00024266 "and let us run with endurance the race
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00082-00024266-00024537 "that is set before us."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00083-00024537-00024713 So he creates a kind of a scene
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00084-00024713-00025120 where he compares the Christian life to a race
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00085-00025120-00025388 where those who have successfully run
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00086-00025388-00025849 are now spectators cheering on the present contestants
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00087-00025849-00026087 and so the Old Testament examples of faith,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00088-00026087-00026314 all those men and women of faith that he mentioned
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00089-00026314-00026577 before in the previous chapter, now, he says,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00090-00026577-00026866 these people are kind of witnesses if you wish.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00091-00026866-00027051 They're the audience that surround
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00092-00027051-00027489 the present day Christian in a race for faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00093-00027489-00027758 And like long distance runners, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00094-00027758-00028098 are likely dressed and well trained,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00095-00028098-00028598 he says that Christians must also not be bogged down,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00096-00028608-00028733 not with clothing, of course,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00097-00028733-00028967 but bogged down with sinfulness
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00098-00028967-00029242 and worldly concerns and they need to be ready
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00099-00029242-00029742 to run a race of endurance if they expect to finish.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00100-00029754-00029885 So he keeps going.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00101-00029885-00030163 He says, "Fixing our eyes on Jesus,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00102-00030163-00030357 "the author and perfecter of faith,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00103-00030357-00030715 "who for the joy set before Him endured the cross,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00104-00030715-00031014 "despising the shame, and has sat down
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00105-00031014-00031302 "at the right hand of the throne of God."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00106-00031302-00031632 So, in the Old Testament they saw the promise
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00107-00031632-00031852 of salvation from afar.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00108-00031954-00032136 Christians, on the other hand,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00109-00032136-00032406 clearly see salvation in Jesus Christ
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00110-00032406-00032610 and the author says they are urged
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00111-00032610-00032886 to fix their focus on him
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00112-00032886-00033300 and not be distracted by any other thing
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00113-00033300-00033447 and the reason for this
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00114-00033447-00033702 is that it is in and through Jesus
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00115-00033702-00033987 that our faith was sparked.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00116-00033987-00034239 Okay, so he's saying Jesus is the one at the beginning
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00117-00034239-00034528 who sparks our faith, gets us into the race,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00118-00034528-00034794 and He's also, you know, there during the race
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00119-00034794-00034984 encouraging us through these witnesses
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00120-00034984-00035153 and He's at the end of the race
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00121-00035153-00035580 to welcome those who successfully finish the race.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00122-00035580-00035791 So he gives Jesus as a supreme example
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00123-00035791-00036204 of a racer who succeeded.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00124-00036204-00036502 He focused on the joy that he was to experience
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00125-00036502-00036720 and the joy that Jesus was to experience
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00126-00036720-00036941 was to return to sit at the right hand of God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00127-00036941-00037399 after having obtained salvation for all those
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00128-00037399-00037565 who would believe.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00129-00037565-00037653 That was the joy.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00130-00037653-00037840 That was the motivation.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00131-00037840-00038185 This focus, he says, enabled Him to endure
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00132-00038185-00038388 the mocking, and the shame, the suffering,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00133-00038388-00038685 and the death of the cross.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00134-00038685-00038828 And so let's continue reading.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00135-00038828-00038931 Verse three.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00136-00038931-00039284 He says, "For consider Him who has endured such hostility
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00137-00039284-00039479 "by sinners against Himself,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00138-00039479-00039829 "so that you will not grow weary and lose heart."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00139-00039829-00040125 So he says in every circumstance
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00140-00040125-00040285 the key to finishing the race
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00141-00040285-00040584 is to keep the focus on Jesus Christ.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00142-00040584-00040909 And how He endured without failing
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00143-00040909-00041136 to reach the end of his race.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00144-00041136-00041313 So, you know, he said Jesus is the example.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00145-00041313-00041504 Look at what He went through and how did He do it?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00146-00041504-00041657 He stayed focused.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00147-00041657-00041835 He stayed focused on the end game
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00148-00041835-00041930 and what was the end game?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00149-00041930-00042073 Well, to provide salvation.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00150-00042073-00042505 He wanted to save us and the cross was the entry.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00151-00042505-00042752 It was the thing that He had to go through
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00152-00042752-00043052 in order to accomplish that goal.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00153-00043052-00043261 So how do we stay focused?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00154-00043261-00043498 Well, we stay focused, certainly we're not going
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00155-00043498-00043814 to a "physical cross" but the way that we focus,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00156-00043814-00043965 well, through prayer and through worship.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00157-00043965-00044260 We stay focused spiritually through the study
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00158-00044260-00044523 of God's Word, through obedience to the Spirit,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00159-00044523-00044829 service in the name of Jesus, witness of faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00160-00044829-00044976 That's how I stay focused.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00161-00044976-00045274 That's how we stays focused spiritually.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00162-00045274-00045552 Day by day by day by day.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00163-00045552-00045813 So these things, you know, they don't tire us out.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00164-00045813-00046032 They don't discourage us.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00165-00046032-00046263 Some people think, oh, well that's tiring.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00166-00046263-00046513 You know, the studying of God's word or prayer.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00167-00046513-00046640 It takes up time.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00168-00046640-00046827 No, those aren't the things that tire us.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00169-00046827-00047095 These things refresh us spiritually.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00170-00047095-00047481 The things that tire us out is sin.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00171-00047481-00047673 That's what is wearying.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00172-00047673-00047813 Sin is what's wearying.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00173-00047813-00048135 A lack of focus on the spiritual things
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00174-00048135-00048404 and the love of the world that cause fatigue
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00175-00048404-00048685 and discouragement, weakness, failure to finish the race
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00176-00048685-00048939 whenever my eyes are off of Jesus,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00177-00048939-00049188 whenever my eyes are on myself or the problem
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00178-00049188-00049420 or the task or how long will I make it,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00179-00049420-00049615 whenever my eyes go on those things
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00180-00049615-00049998 that's when I begin to feel unsure and tired spiritually.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00181-00049998-00050242 And when my focus is reset
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00182-00050242-00050557 then I gain strength.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00183-00050557-00050882 Then I'm spiritually refreshed.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00184-00050882-00051295 So the author addresses the difficulties
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00185-00051295-00051693 that they are encountering as a result of their faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00186-00051693-00052066 and he tries to put these things into perspective
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00187-00052066-00052265 'cause he's not saying it's an easy race.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00188-00052265-00052625 You know, he's saying stay focused because it's hard.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00189-00052625-00052836 And so now he's going to try to put into perspective,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00190-00052836-00053227 you know, why are they suffering these obstacles?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00191-00053227-00053550 You know, these things, you know, that are happening to them
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00192-00053550-00053775 and thing that happen to us in our lives,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00193-00053775-00054054 they're not mindless events without purpose
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00194-00054054-00054377 but rather things that God uses
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00195-00054377-00054653 to mold their character in their time
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00196-00054653-00054812 and our character today
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00197-00054812-00055033 and to penetrate our faith,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00198-00055033-00055276 to get inside of our faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00199-00055276-00055430 So we continue in verse four.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00200-00055430-00055687 He says, "You have not yet resisted
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00201-00055687-00055837 "to the point of shedding blood
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00202-00055837-00056161 "in your striving against sin."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00203-00056161-00056373 So after describing the faithful lives
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00204-00056373-00056641 of the Old Testament people
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00205-00056641-00057033 and the supreme example of Jesus Christ,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00206-00057033-00057409 he then asks the readers to compare their suffering
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00207-00057409-00057703 with that of all those people.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00208-00057703-00057847 You know, compare your suffering
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00209-00057847-00058002 to the suffering of Jesus,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00210-00058002-00058215 to the suffering of the people in the Old Testament
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00211-00058215-00058550 who persevered because of their faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00212-00058550-00058880 And his point is if these had not, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00213-00058880-00059127 given up faith in the face of death,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00214-00059127-00059464 why should you give up faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00215-00059464-00059839 because of the obstacles that you're facing?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00216-00059839-00059971 He continues.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00217-00059971-00060226 "And you have forgotten the exhortation
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00218-00060226-00060464 "which is addressed to you as sons.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00219-00060464-00060680 "'My son, do not regard lightly the discipline
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00220-00060680-00060985 "'of the Lord, nor faint when you are reproved by Him.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00221-00060985-00061228 "'For those of whom the Lord loves, He disciplines,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00222-00061228-00061697 "'and He scourges every son whom He receives.'"
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00223-00061697-00061963 So he explains that the trials and the sufferings
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00224-00061963-00062316 are used by God as methods to mold and to teach it.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00225-00062316-00062537 He doesn't say that God is the one
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00226-00062537-00062783 that creates those things.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00227-00062783-00062990 He's saying that God uses those things.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00228-00062990-00063244 We're wrong in saying, O God, You sent me the cancer.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00229-00063244-00063524 O God, You sent me, You know, the broken leg or the car.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00230-00063524-00063678 God doesn't do that.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00231-00063678-00063849 He doesn't send that.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00232-00063849-00064203 But He uses that and this is how the author's putting
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00233-00064203-00064366 this into perspective.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00234-00064366-00064573 The fact that there are sufferings in life
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00235-00064573-00064830 is common to all men, not just believers,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00236-00064830-00065107 but the fact that there are trials
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00237-00065107-00065440 caused by faith, oh that's a different thing.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00238-00065549-00065874 Trials that come upon you because of your faith,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00239-00065874-00066301 this is proof that some men are sons of God.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00240-00066400-00066695 Not all suffering is proof that we are children of God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00241-00066695-00066935 lest this be the criteria for salvation.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00242-00066935-00067300 If suffering is the thing you need to do to go to Heaven,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00243-00067300-00067617 well, a lot of people in, you know, developing country,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00244-00067617-00067815 third world countries, poor countries,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00245-00067815-00068312 people in civil war, the Syrians for example,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00246-00068312-00068507 in Syria, hundreds of thousands of people
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00247-00068507-00068732 have been murdered and bombed and so on and so forth.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00248-00068732-00068929 If suffering's the way to get you to Heaven,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00249-00068929-00069109 well, we're not going to make it.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00250-00069109-00069278 Not in this country.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00251-00069278-00069615 But suffering's not the way to get to Heaven.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00252-00069615-00069989 Faith is the way to get to Heaven.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00253-00069989-00070229 God never made suffering the criteria
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00254-00070229-00070440 for going to Heaven.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00255-00070440-00070673 However, what he's saying here,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00256-00070673-00070984 suffering on account of your faith, however,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00257-00070984-00071401 this is proof that God is working in your life.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00258-00071401-00071715 And the author says, and he does so by quoting
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00259-00071715-00071878 an Old Testament Scripture,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00260-00071878-00072110 that this has always been the case.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00261-00072110-00072449 God has always worked in the lives
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00262-00072449-00072645 of those who are suffering
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00263-00072645-00072883 because of their faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00264-00072883-00073056 For the one who disbelieves,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00265-00073056-00073284 well, his suffering produces very little result
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00266-00073284-00073764 and in the end it's a sad reminder of sin and death.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00267-00073764-00074174 However, for the Christian all suffering
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00268-00074174-00074494 specifically brought on by one's faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00269-00074494-00074688 or as a result of human frailty,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00270-00074688-00074854 all suffering in this way,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00271-00074854-00075349 can and is used by God to produce spiritual maturity.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00272-00075440-00075650 And so he continues in verse seven.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00273-00075650-00075904 He says, "It is for discipline that you endure.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00274-00075904-00076185 "God deals with you as with sons,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00275-00076185-00076521 "for what son is there whom his father does not discipline?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00276-00076521-00076667 "But if you are without discipline,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00277-00076667-00076913 "of which all have become partakers,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00278-00076913-00077261 "then you are illegitimate children and not sons.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00279-00077261-00077594 "Furthermore, we had earthly fathers to discipline us,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00280-00077594-00077737 "and we respected them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00281-00077737-00078000 "Shall we not much rather be subject
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00282-00078000-00078368 "to the Father of spirits and live?"
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00283-00078368-00078553 So suffering for our faith's sake
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00284-00078553-00078910 is a proof of our sonship, he says.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00285-00078910-00079260 And the author parallels a natural father's relationship
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00286-00079260-00079760 with his son with God's relationship with His sons,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00287-00079904-00080113 his children, Christians.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00288-00080113-00080475 You know, at the time illegitimate children
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00289-00080475-00080915 were not considered worthy of their father's attention
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00290-00080915-00081261 so an absence of trials
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00291-00081487-00081835 is a sign of inattention, if you wish.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00292-00081835-00082118 All right, that's the mindset that he's coming from,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00293-00082118-00082317 that the author's coming from.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00294-00082317-00082482 You know, adopted children, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00295-00082482-00082646 they were, you know, they were ignored.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00296-00082646-00082791 They did what they wanted.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00297-00082791-00083110 They didn't get the attention of the father in that time.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00298-00083110-00083493 But the true father, right, natural fathers,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00299-00083493-00083827 we expect our earthly fathers
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00300-00083827-00084327 to punish us, to discipline us,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00301-00084342-00084526 and we submit to their discipline.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00302-00084526-00084772 Should we not, he says, therefore respect
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00303-00084772-00085055 and submit to the Heavenly Father
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00304-00085055-00085222 with the hope of greater results
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00305-00085222-00085380 stemming from his correction?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00306-00085380-00085625 You know, he's using the natural, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00307-00085625-00086070 family experience of being disciplined by a father.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00308-00086213-00086345 You know, your father, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00309-00086345-00086549 if your father's disciplining you,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00310-00086549-00086666 it's because he knows your business.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00311-00086666-00086825 He's paying attention to what's going on.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00312-00086825-00086972 He doesn't approve of what's happening
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00313-00086972-00087333 or he's wanting you to kind of grow in a certain way.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00314-00087333-00087622 Disciplining you, correcting you.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00315-00087622-00087771 He simply makes a parallel thing.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00316-00087771-00087958 He says, well, you know if you're suffering
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00317-00087958-00088158 because of your faith, things are happening
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00318-00088158-00088306 on account of your faith,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00319-00088306-00088568 there are trials, inconveniences,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00320-00088568-00088795 and so on and so forth, simply a demonstration
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00321-00088795-00088989 that God is working with you.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00322-00088989-00089229 You know, so don't, you know, it's the opposite.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00323-00089229-00089339 Some people they think, well,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00324-00089339-00089644 because I have trouble, God is mad at me.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00325-00089644-00089832 Or I've done something wrong.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00326-00089832-00089946 You know, no.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00327-00089946-00090116 You know, some things happen in my life.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00328-00090116-00090280 I'm suffering because of my faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00329-00090280-00090532 Oh, God's working in my life.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00330-00090532-00090667 He's paying attention.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00331-00090851-00090970 So we keep going.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00332-00090970-00091056 Verse 10 and 11.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00333-00091056-00091335 He says, "For they disciplined for a short time
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00334-00091335-00091476 "as seemed best to them,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00335-00091476-00091706 "but He disciplines us for our good,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00336-00091706-00092152 "so that we may share His holiness.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00337-00092152-00092281 "All discipline for the moment
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00338-00092281-00092502 "seems not to be joyful, but sorrowful.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00339-00092502-00092747 "Yet to those who have been trained by it,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00340-00092747-00093247 "afterwards it yields the peaceful fruit of righteousness."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00341-00093310-00093541 So here the author compares the discipline
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00342-00093541-00093832 of earthly and Heavenly fathers.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00343-00093832-00094105 Earthly parents are sinful, they're inconsistent,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00344-00094105-00094431 they're temporal, they're doing their best
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00345-00094431-00094609 to prepare us for life here in this world.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00346-00094609-00094880 The Heavenly Father, however,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00347-00094880-00095257 is perfect and fair and he can provide correction
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00348-00095257-00095548 from the beginning to the end of our lives
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00349-00095548-00095891 and has, as its purpose, to make us holy
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00350-00095891-00096184 like He is holy and thus enabling us
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00351-00096184-00096514 to share in His eternal nature.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00352-00096514-00096734 In other words, you know, our fathers doing the best
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00353-00096734-00096964 they can to kind of, you know, help us live in this life
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00354-00096964-00097255 but the Heavenly Father, He's not doing just
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00355-00097255-00097422 the best He can.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00356-00097422-00097820 He's giving us the best, the perfect correction,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00357-00097820-00098088 and He doesn't just discipline us for a little while
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00358-00098088-00098254 and then let us go.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00359-00098254-00098430 No, He's correcting and disciplining,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00360-00098430-00098734 forming us, you know, for our entire lives
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00361-00098734-00098980 not simply to live in this world
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00362-00098980-00099263 but to be like He is, to prepare us, actually,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00363-00099263-00099432 for the world to come.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00364-00099432-00099701 So discipline, both earthly and Heavenly,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00365-00099701-00099985 is never pleasant but it is fruitful
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00366-00099985-00100262 especially when given by God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00367-00100262-00100500 because it ultimately produces
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00368-00100500-00100691 the spiritual fruit of peace
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00369-00100691-00101004 that comes from a right standing with God.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00370-00101004-00101182 And how does this happen, you may ask.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00371-00101182-00101682 Well, if we endure trials faithfully,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00372-00101782-00102267 our hope for eternal life will be very strong
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00373-00102267-00102703 and this hope produces peace of mind.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00374-00102703-00102873 You know, the stronger your hope is
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00375-00102873-00103298 in the reward that you are about to receive from God,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00376-00103298-00103776 the more peace of mind that you experience.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00377-00103776-00104129 So after explaining the reasons for their sufferings
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00378-00104129-00104285 and the possible benefits,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00379-00104285-00104583 the author goes on to encourage them
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00380-00104583-00104822 in verses 12 and 13.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00381-00104822-00105033 Now, he's already mentioned the immature,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00382-00105033-00105228 the weak, the unfaithful,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00383-00105228-00105483 those who are discouraged among them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00384-00105483-00105870 Now he goes on and tells them to encourage these brethren
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00385-00105870-00106174 and he uses the illustration of a healthy body
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00386-00106174-00106550 with weak and injured members to make his point.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00387-00106550-00106847 This exhortation has two steps.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00388-00106847-00107347 Number one, he says brace up the weak members in verse 12.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00389-00107384-00107660 He says, "Therefore, strengthen the hands
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00390-00107660-00108026 "that are weak and the knees that are feeble."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00391-00108026-00108258 You know, medical terms.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00392-00108258-00108450 A brace, you know, a cast, right?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00393-00108450-00108770 Something is, the knee is out of whack, out of joint.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00394-00108770-00108888 We put a brace on it, right?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00395-00108888-00109100 To straighten it out because if you leave the knee crooked,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00396-00109100-00109202 what will happen?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00397-00109202-00109388 You'll be limping, you'll be out of shape,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00398-00109388-00109660 and one thing, you know, the body, everything's connected.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00399-00109660-00109830 All of the sudden your back starts to hurt,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00400-00109830-00109965 your hips are hurting,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00401-00109965-00110098 your other knee starts to swell.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00402-00110098-00110181 Why?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00403-00110181-00110331 'Cause you're all out of sync.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00404-00110331-00110633 So in a physical body you brace up the knee, right?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00405-00110633-00110759 You straighten it out.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00406-00110759-00110843 You correct it.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00407-00110843-00111153 You know, you learn about, you know, physical therapy.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00408-00111153-00111421 You learn how to walk naturally again
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00409-00111421-00111697 and this affects, you know, the whole human body,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00410-00111697-00111801 the whole physical body.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00411-00111801-00112130 Well, in a spiritual sense that's what
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00412-00112130-00112451 we have to do with weak members, right?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00413-00112451-00112790 We do this, however, by encouragement,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00414-00112790-00113185 by teaching, by correction, by helping them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00415-00113185-00113406 Not by anger, not by getting mad at them
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00416-00113507-00113727 but rather by helping them
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00417-00113727-00113961 and using words of encouragement
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00418-00113961-00114270 towards those who are weak.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00419-00114270-00114566 And then the second thing he says, go straight.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00420-00114566-00114744 Go straight.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00421-00114744-00115118 Verse 13, "And make straight paths for your feet
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00422-00115118-00115266 "so that the limb which is lame
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00423-00115266-00115386 "may not be put out of joint,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00424-00115386-00115513 "but rather be healed."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00425-00115513-00115701 That's the second part.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00426-00115701-00115829 You brace it up and then you let physical therapy part
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00427-00115829-00116109 where you learn how to walk properly, you know.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00428-00116109-00116245 Same idea here.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00429-00116245-00116450 You know, brace up the knee, brace up the injured part
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00430-00116450-00116871 and make it learn how to walk correctly,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00431-00116871-00117123 to go straight.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00432-00117123-00117335 Once the weak member is braced up,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00433-00117335-00117574 the rest of the body should kind of come back
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00434-00117574-00117840 into a normal state.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00435-00117840-00118249 In other words, once the spirit is supported
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00436-00118249-00118532 it can more easily avoid the damaging effects
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00437-00118532-00118845 of habitual sin and the thing that he's talking about,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00438-00118845-00119058 the member that is injured,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00439-00119058-00119383 you know, spiritually is probably injured because of sin,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00440-00119383-00119501 because of a bad habit,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00441-00119501-00119649 because of a lack of faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00442-00119649-00119890 When you strengthen that part with encouraging words,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00443-00119890-00120291 with teaching, correction, then that weak part
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00444-00120291-00120538 of that individual's faith, spiritual life,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00445-00120538-00120699 is strengthened and that person
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00446-00120699-00120868 can then walk straight again.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00447-00120868-00120971 Walking in the light
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00448-00120971-00121318 walking without that encumbering sin.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00449-00121318-00121514 So by bracing up the weak members
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00450-00121514-00121761 and then going straight for the goal
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00451-00121761-00121930 'cause he talked, you know, going straight.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00452-00121930-00122095 Not just for the sake of going straight.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00453-00122095-00122224 Going straight, like, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00454-00122224-00122406 he says stay focused on the goal.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00455-00122406-00122730 Putting them back on that straight path towards the goal
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00456-00122730-00123099 then the weak will be carried along by the strong
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00457-00123099-00123341 and ultimately they'll be healed.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00458-00123341-00123737 We don't, you know, we don't amputate the leg,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00459-00123737-00123987 you know, just 'cause the joint's out of,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00460-00123987-00124165 you know, we don't amputate the leg.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00461-00124165-00124291 We don't cut the leg off, right?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00462-00124291-00124481 Unless it's dead, you know.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00463-00124481-00124584 Unless there's rot.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00464-00124584-00124767 Then we cut it off.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00465-00124767-00124890 If it's weak, we fix it.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00466-00124890-00124973 We brace it.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00467-00124973-00125077 It's the same thing.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00468-00125077-00125330 It's the same thing with weak brothers and sisters
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00469-00125330-00125603 who are tangled up in sin or weak because of their faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00470-00125603-00125796 We don't just cut them off and get rid of them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00471-00125796-00125941 No, we help them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00472-00125941-00126064 We strengthen them so that they
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00473-00126064-00126383 can get back into the race.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00474-00126383-00126576 And then in verses 14 to 17
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00475-00126576-00126755 he issues a warning.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00476-00126755-00127096 He goes from practical advice on what they should do
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00477-00127096-00127336 to a warning against the things
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00478-00127336-00127496 that they should avoid doing
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00479-00127496-00127750 and he gives the example of Esau
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00480-00127750-00127992 as one who lost his blessing
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00481-00127992-00128261 because he made poor choices.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00482-00128261-00128345 Okay.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00483-00128345-00128674 So we read in verse 14, switches gears here.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00484-00128674-00128988 He says, "Pursue peace with all men."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00485-00128988-00129353 So here's the warning, here's the exhortation if you wish.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00486-00129353-00129586 Avoid conflict, he says.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00487-00129586-00129850 It seems that the problems within their church,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00488-00129850-00130017 the people he was writing to,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00489-00130017-00130231 it seems that the problems within their church
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00490-00130231-00130661 were either caused by people
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00491-00130661-00130867 who were creating conflicts
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00492-00130867-00131011 and to this he urges them
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00493-00131011-00131369 to avoid conflict by pursuing peace.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00494-00131369-00131669 You know, conflict, even for the best of reasons,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00495-00131669-00132058 often cause many to turn away from Christ
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00496-00132058-00132480 and so he says find ways to produce peace.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00497-00132480-00132660 And usually, you know, the things
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00498-00132660-00132851 that we have to do to pursue peace
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00499-00132851-00133232 or to find peace usually cost us our pride
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00500-00133232-00133324 or our position.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00501-00133324-00133464 Somebody has to swallow.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00502-00133464-00133598 Somebody has to back down.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00503-00133598-00134029 Somebody has to kind of [exhales] lower their rhetoric.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00504-00134029-00134397 Somebody has to lower the flame of anger and passion there.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00505-00134397-00134728 He says, you know, avoid conflict.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00506-00134728-00134911 Avoid conflict.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00507-00134911-00135376 Secondly, he says avoid unholy living.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00508-00135376-00135546 Verse 14b.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00509-00135546-00135840 "And the sanctification," he says, "without which
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00510-00135840-00136051 "no one will see the Lord."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00511-00136051-00136328 Avoid unholy living.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00512-00136328-00136764 To sanctify means to be separate unto the Lord.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00513-00136764-00137144 And so avoid unholy alliances, unholy practices.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00514-00137144-00137628 Unholy attitudes of actions
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00515-00137628-00138065 and pursue a continued separation of self to the Lord.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00516-00138065-00138236 Things that you can do.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00517-00138409-00138878 Things that you can do in the church
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00518-00138878-00139269 to maintain a healthy, strong faith,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00519-00139269-00139575 to pursue, you know, the goal.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00520-00139575-00139764 To stay focused on the goal.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00521-00139764-00139996 Things, you know, thing you do to help other people
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00522-00139996-00140154 and then just things that you do.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00523-00140154-00140469 Avoid conflict, avoid unholy living.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00524-00140469-00140791 Sanctified people encourage others,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00525-00140791-00141100 maintain peace within the assembly,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00526-00141100-00141480 and never are a cause for others to fall away.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00527-00141480-00141663 And speaking of others to fall away,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00528-00141663-00141995 another encouragement, another warning,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00529-00141995-00142382 he says avoid spoiling other people.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00530-00142382-00142662 And so in verse 15 he says,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00531-00142662-00142996 "See to it that no one comes short of the grace of God,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00532-00142996-00143324 "that no root of bitterness springing up causes trouble,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00533-00143324-00143544 "and by it many be defiled."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00534-00143544-00143976 So he says, you know, some may give up following Christ
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00535-00143976-00144161 because of a lot of reasons.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00536-00144161-00144422 Because of sin, because of faithlessness,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00537-00144422-00144690 because of cowardliness, whatever.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00538-00144908-00145294 And others act as a general cancer
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00539-00145294-00145462 in that they fall away
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00540-00145462-00145753 and, like a poison, they bring others with them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00541-00145869-00146098 For example, you know, their discouragement
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00542-00146098-00146317 discourages others.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00543-00146317-00146732 Their lack of faith weakens the faith of others.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00544-00146732-00147056 Their sinfulness, their activity, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00545-00147056-00147426 that is sinful infects and affects other people as well.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00546-00147426-00147785 Some people just quit because they're weak
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00547-00147785-00148048 and he says we need to encourage them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00548-00148048-00148427 Other people, you know, they quit but they bring
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00549-00148427-00148787 a lot of people down with them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00550-00148787-00149027 So he warns these people that the damage
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00551-00149027-00149405 that they cause to others may be irreparable
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00552-00149405-00149730 even if they themselves once repent.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00553-00149830-00150049 So let's break into the passage here.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00554-00150049-00150154 16 and 17.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00555-00150154-00150380 Kind of, you know, he highlights this idea.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00556-00150380-00150671 He says, "that there be no immoral or godless persons
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00557-00150671-00150913 "like Esau, who sold his own birthright
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00558-00150913-00151042 "for a single meal.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00559-00151042-00151238 "For you know that even afterwards,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00560-00151238-00151523 "when he desired to inherit the blessing,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00561-00151523-00151881 "he was rejected, for he found no place for repentance,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00562-00151881-00152182 "though he sought it with tears."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00563-00152275-00152624 So he warns them the damage that, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00564-00152624-00153036 that some may cause to others
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00565-00153036-00153355 and he talks about the irreparable damage
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00566-00153355-00153711 and, again, we read about Esau here as the example of that.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00567-00153711-00154101 You know, some things we do causes destruction
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00568-00154101-00154440 that cannot be fixed even if we ourselves repent
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00569-00154440-00154584 and change our ways.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00570-00154733-00154978 You know, we gossip against somebody in the church,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00571-00154978-00155301 whatever, the thing gets out, it's not true.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00572-00155301-00155469 That person is hurt.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00573-00155469-00155604 Their feelings are hurt.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00574-00155604-00155773 They're insulted, they're offended.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00575-00155773-00156003 You try to, you know, you realize you're wrong.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00576-00156003-00156207 You apologize to them but it's done.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00577-00156207-00156375 They quit, they're gone.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00578-00156375-00156684 You're staying, you've repented.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00579-00156684-00156855 You realize you did something wrong.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00580-00156855-00157029 You try to make it right but, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00581-00157029-00157127 it wasn't enough.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00582-00157127-00157232 Too little, too late.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00583-00157339-00157812 And that's the human and spiritual casualty.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00584-00157812-00158063 And he uses Esau here as an example
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00585-00158063-00158401 of one who exchanged his birthright as first born
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00586-00158401-00158718 and, of course, the blessings and the privileges
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00587-00158718-00158914 that accompanied this position.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00588-00158914-00159133 He sold this to his brother, Jacob,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00589-00159133-00159439 for a bowl of stew because he was hungry.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00590-00159535-00159910 Esau was an impulsive, he was an unholy man
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00591-00159910-00160077 and this attitude brought him
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00592-00160077-00160397 to making this foolish decision.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00593-00160397-00160555 Later on, as the writer says,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00594-00160555-00160928 later on he regretted it and he changed his mind
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00595-00160928-00161191 and he wept before God and his father,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00596-00161191-00161417 you know, to give him back his position
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00597-00161417-00161521 but it was too late.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00598-00161521-00161674 What was done was done.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00599-00161849-00162160 And we see, of course, later on in Esau's life
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00600-00162160-00162342 that he changed.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00601-00162342-00162644 He was wiser, he was more reverent of God,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00602-00162644-00162877 he reconciled with his brother Jacob
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00603-00162877-00163088 but this did not change the results
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00604-00163088-00163266 of his previous mistakes.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00605-00163354-00163580 So those who spoil others
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00606-00163580-00163907 may regret and they may repent
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00607-00163907-00164376 but many times the damage done cannot be changed.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00608-00164376-00164664 So he warns them, be careful.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00609-00164664-00164791 Be careful.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00610-00164791-00165115 So there's the warning part of his letter.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00611-00165115-00165375 Then he moves into a kind of an exhortation,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00612-00165375-00165525 an encouragement.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00613-00165525-00165716 Now remember that originally the author
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00614-00165716-00166079 was giving practical instructions on what to do.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00615-00166182-00166357 You know, encouragement.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00616-00166357-00166544 And what to avoid doing.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00617-00166544-00166769 Avoid conflict, avoid unholiness,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00618-00166769-00166956 avoid spoiling others.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00619-00166956-00167159 So in this passage,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00620-00167159-00167375 he gives a reason why these practical
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00621-00167375-00167662 instructions should be followed.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00622-00167662-00167903 Basically, the reason is we should not practice
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00623-00167903-00168186 dissension and immorality because we belong
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00624-00168186-00168403 to the kingdom of God and this conduct
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00625-00168403-00168620 will not go unpunished.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00626-00168620-00168890 And this idea has always been so
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00627-00168890-00169241 and will always be so.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00628-00169241-00169484 So, you know, avoid doing this.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00629-00169484-00169594 Try doing this.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00630-00169594-00169957 And remember, if you disobey
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00631-00169957-00170357 just like the ones who disobeyed in the past were punished,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00632-00170357-00170528 you'll be punished too.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00633-00170528-00170906 So he gets this kind of idea across in the following way.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00634-00170906-00171209 He compares the settings between the Old Testament
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00635-00171209-00171506 and the New Testament, between Judaism and Christianity.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00636-00171506-00171987 So he starts by describing Judaism once again.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00637-00171987-00172094 Verse 18.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00638-00172094-00172362 He says, "For you have not come to a mountain
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00639-00172362-00172466 "that can be touched
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00640-00172558-00172722 "and to a blazing fire,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00641-00172722-00172915 "and to darkness and gloom and whirlwind,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00642-00172915-00173066 "and to the blast of a trumpet
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00643-00173066-00173338 "and the sound of words which sound was such
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00644-00173338-00173815 "that those who heard begged that no further word
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00645-00173815-00174108 "would be spoken to them.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00646-00174108-00174380 "For they could not bear the command,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00647-00174380-00174572 "'If even a beast touches the mountain,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00648-00174572-00174879 "'it will be stoned,' and so terrible was the sight,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00649-00174879-00175316 "that Moses said, 'I am full of fear and trembling.'"
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00650-00175316-00175645 So that's the Old Testament, right?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00651-00175645-00175933 The author's portrait of how people saw God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00652-00175933-00176116 and his dealings with them,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00653-00176116-00176420 with descriptions contained in the Old Testament
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00654-00176420-00176576 and the scene is from the people
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00655-00176576-00176887 gathering at Mount Sinai in the desert.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00656-00176887-00177166 So Moses and the people, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00657-00177166-00177312 when they met with God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00658-00177312-00177616 they were terrified at the signs.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00659-00177616-00177885 I mean, the blazing fire, darkness and gloom,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00660-00177885-00178173 whirlwind, the trumpet blasts, the harsh words,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00661-00178173-00178373 the awesome sight.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00662-00178373-00178624 All of these things heralded the presence
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00663-00178624-00178931 of God among the people here on earth
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00664-00178931-00179116 so their image of God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00665-00179116-00179439 and His kingdom told them that they
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00666-00179439-00179789 were not to come near for fear of defilement and death,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00667-00179789-00180064 that they were unworthy, that they were unholy
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00668-00180162-00180502 and their fear urged them to obedience
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00669-00180502-00180918 and yet, because here we're really talking about obedience,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00670-00180918-00181222 and yet they never were faithful to God.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00671-00181310-00181564 This terrifying vision never brought them
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00672-00181564-00181927 nearer to living a holy and faithful life.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00673-00181927-00182092 They saw this terrible thing
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00674-00182092-00182291 and it scared them to death almost
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00675-00182291-00182576 and yet this vision and this experience
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00676-00182576-00182935 could not move them to be faithful
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00677-00182935-00183044 and we know that, right?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00678-00183044-00183323 In the desert, they all, that generation, all died.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00679-00183323-00183458 Why?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00680-00183458-00183555 They were faithless.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00681-00183555-00183778 All right, so now he gives another vision,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00682-00183778-00184059 a vision of Christianity.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00683-00184059-00184331 Beginning in verse 22 he says,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00684-00184331-00184603 "But you have come to Mount Zion
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00685-00184603-00184790 "and to the city of the living God,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00686-00184790-00185240 "the Heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of angels,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00687-00185240-00185365 "to the general assembly
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00688-00185365-00185610 "and church of the firstborn who are enrolled in Heaven,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00689-00185610-00185885 "and to God, the Judge of all,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00690-00185885-00186153 "and to the spirits of the righteous made perfect,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00691-00186153-00186403 "and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00692-00186403-00186561 "and to the sprinkled blood,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00693-00186561-00186925 "which speaks better than the blood of Abel."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00694-00186925-00187324 So the image of God revealed through the new covenant,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00695-00187324-00187728 Christianity, is one of God being with his people
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00696-00187728-00188040 not on earth but in Heaven.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00697-00188040-00188180 You know, the image of the Old Testament
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00698-00188180-00188338 was God was at the mountain.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00699-00188338-00188525 This is God with his people on earth
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00700-00188525-00188749 the image that the writer is giving us
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00701-00188749-00189249 is this is God in Heaven, okay, with his people.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00702-00189375-00189812 The scene is still awesome and majestic and gracious
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00703-00189812-00190194 but it's not there to instill fear and rejection
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00704-00190194-00190638 but rather one of praise and comfort and invitation.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00705-00190764-00191065 Christians are not gathered at the desert
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00706-00191065-00191237 or in the desert at Mount Sinai.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00707-00191237-00191581 There' not at Mount Sinai but they're at Mount Zion.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00708-00191581-00192053 This is the Old Testament word for Jerusalem.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00709-00192053-00192424 In the Old Testament, Jerusalem was the city of God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00710-00192424-00192608 because the temple was there
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00711-00192608-00192982 but in the New Testament it was a symbol for Heaven
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00712-00192982-00193251 because that is where God really dwelt.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00713-00193356-00193677 They're not surrounded by gloom and fire
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00714-00193677-00193923 and whirlwind and a terrible sound of trumpet
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00715-00193923-00194108 and harsh words.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00716-00194108-00194247 That's not their experience,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00717-00194247-00194457 I mean Christians' experience.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00718-00194457-00194628 They're among, what does he say?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00719-00194628-00194786 Myriads of angels.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00720-00194786-00194869 And what are they doing?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00721-00194869-00194987 Praising God.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00722-00194987-00195170 They're among the church, the brethren,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00723-00195170-00195332 they're with God the Father.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00724-00195332-00195612 They're with Jesus Christ, the Lord and Savior.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00725-00195612-00196009 And his sacrifice which, unlike Abel's blood,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00726-00196009-00196417 you know, Abel's blood cried out for vengeance
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00727-00196417-00196710 but Jesus' blood seeks out forgiveness
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00728-00196710-00196974 and opens the doors of the celestial city
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00729-00196974-00197272 where Christians have been invited to enter in
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00730-00197272-00197423 as eternal guests.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00731-00197423-00197632 In the Old Testament, God was saying don't even
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00732-00197632-00198065 come close to Me lest you die.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00733-00198065-00198347 In the New Testament, God is saying come on in.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00734-00198347-00198546 You're welcome.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00735-00198546-00198831 I've been waiting for you to come.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00736-00198960-00199205 So in arguing for proper conduct,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00737-00199205-00199512 the author first begins by comparing the two settings
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00738-00199512-00199725 where the people found themselves.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00739-00199725-00200225 One in the past and one they are now in today.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00740-00200271-00200475 In the last verses of this chapter,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00741-00200475-00200810 he's going to show that even though the settings are different,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00742-00200810-00201017 God is the same.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00743-00201017-00201203 He didn't tolerate disobedience
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00744-00201203-00201373 and unfaithfulness in the past
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00745-00201373-00201644 and He doesn't tolerate it now.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00746-00201644-00201880 'Cause in the past, there was, you know, don't come near,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00747-00201880-00201989 you know, because of death.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00748-00201989-00202146 In the New Testament, what does He say?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00749-00202146-00202270 We're going to be judged.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00750-00202270-00202546 We're invited but we're going to be judged.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00751-00202660-00202847 And so the point he's making, of course,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00752-00202847-00203136 is that obedience to God is necessary.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00753-00203136-00203365 The author makes the argument
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00754-00203365-00203756 that says if they refuse to heed God's warning
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00755-00203756-00204001 through the terrible signs of His presence
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00756-00204001-00204103 given here on earth
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00757-00204103-00204397 and they were punished for it,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00758-00204397-00204671 imagine the culpability for those
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00759-00204671-00204885 who have seen the sign of God's presence
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00760-00204885-00205385 in the Heavenly sanctuary and still disobeyed.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00761-00205471-00205713 So Christ who died and resurrected
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00762-00205713-00205871 and ascended into Heaven
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00763-00205871-00206187 is He who speaks, He who warns from Heaven,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00764-00206187-00206661 to remain faithful and to obey.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00765-00206661-00206829 So verse 26 and 27.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00766-00206829-00207046 Well, 25 first.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00767-00207046-00207250 He says, "See to it that you do not refuse
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00768-00207250-00207390 "Him who is speaking.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00769-00207390-00207618 "For if those did not escape when they refused Him
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00770-00207618-00207771 "who warned them on earth,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00771-00207771-00207923 "much less will we escape
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00772-00207923-00208275 "who turn away from Him who warns from Heaven."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00773-00208275-00208453 So that's, I made that point previously.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00774-00208453-00208681 In the Old Testament, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00775-00208681-00209044 God gave a terrible vision and said,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00776-00209044-00209194 you know, don't approach.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00777-00209194-00209530 In the New Testament, he gives a fantastic vision,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00778-00209530-00209746 an encouraging vision,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00779-00209746-00209930 and he said if the people in the Old Testament
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00780-00209930-00210100 were punished because they disobeyed
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00781-00210100-00210244 and they had that vision,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00782-00210244-00210403 imagine the punishment for those
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00783-00210403-00210769 who see this marvelous vision and still disobey.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00784-00210955-00211182 And so in verse 26 and 27, as I said,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00785-00211182-00211533 the writer says, "And His voice shook the earth then,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00786-00211533-00211757 "but now He has promised saying,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00787-00211757-00212028 "'Yet once more I will shake not only the earth,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00788-00212028-00212244 "'but also the Heavens.'"
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00789-00212244-00212587 This expression, yet once more, denotes the removing
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00790-00212587-00212786 of those things which can be shaken
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00791-00212786-00213100 as of created things so that those things
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00792-00213100-00213516 which cannot be shaken may remain.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00793-00213516-00213837 So when God's voice spoke the first time
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00794-00213837-00214158 in giving the law and establishing His people
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00795-00214158-00214489 and His holy place, the entire world shook
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00796-00214489-00214732 and was affected.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00797-00214732-00215134 Verse 26 here is taken from Haggai 2:6
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00798-00215134-00215396 who wrote of the reconstruction of the temple
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00799-00215396-00215659 during the period of restoration.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00800-00215659-00215925 His thought was that once the temple was built,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00801-00215925-00216166 God would shake the nations in order
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00802-00216166-00216540 to fill the temple with all of its treasures.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00803-00216540-00216733 The author takes this passage
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00804-00216733-00217071 and uses it in connection with the end of the world
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00805-00217071-00217200 that when Jesus returns,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00806-00217200-00217451 not only will the nations be shaken
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00807-00217451-00217926 but the entire cosmic order will be dissolved.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00808-00218012-00218386 So the point, always looking for the point,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00809-00218386-00218642 the point here is that when this happens
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00810-00218642-00219142 only those things that cannot be destroyed will survive
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00811-00219206-00219515 and the only thing that will survive the return
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00812-00219515-00219733 of Jesus without being destroyed
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00813-00219733-00220221 will be his faithful and obedience church.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00814-00220221-00220642 You know, those who encourage the weak.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00815-00220642-00220785 Those who stay focused.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00816-00220785-00221121 Those who avoid conflict and unholy living.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00817-00221121-00221409 Those who avoid spoiling others.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00818-00221409-00221669 Okay, those are the ones, he says,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00819-00221669-00222080 when the Lord comes they will not be shaken.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00820-00222080-00222533 But everything else will be destroyed.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00821-00222533-00222712 All right, so there's a lot of ideas, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00822-00222712-00222904 crammed into just a few verses there.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00823-00222904-00223067 Let's just summarize these, okay,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00824-00223067-00223319 without reading all the various Scriptures.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00825-00223319-00223630 Let's summarize some of the ideas that we've talked about.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00826-00223630-00223928 Number one, the author begins the chapter
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00827-00223928-00224094 by explaining to his readers
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00828-00224094-00224469 that the clearer view that they have of God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00829-00224469-00224747 and Jesus and His promises should produce
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00830-00224747-00225165 a stronger faith in them than people in the past
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00831-00225165-00225434 who did not have that clear vision.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00832-00225434-00225934 Number two, he says that this faith should motivate them
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00833-00226052-00226359 to holy behavior and perseverance
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00834-00226359-00226785 despite the obstacles that they face.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00835-00226921-00227421 Number three, he reminds them that when they face trials
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00836-00227559-00227930 they should, first of all, stay focused on Christ,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00837-00227930-00228303 not the trials, not the world, and not themselves.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00838-00228303-00228606 They should remember that trials are a proof
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00839-00228606-00229073 of legitimate sonship where God is perfecting their faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00840-00229073-00229289 And thirdly, they should realize that trials
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00841-00229289-00229552 are not a punishment from God.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00842-00229552-00229823 They are a spiritual refining process
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00843-00229823-00230138 if we endure them through faith.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00844-00230296-00230796 Idea number four, next he tells them to encourage each other
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00845-00230820-00231194 especially the weak and avoid things like conflict
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00846-00231194-00231521 and unholy living which discourage others,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00847-00231521-00231742 which destroys faith and, of course,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00848-00231742-00232064 makes an individual unable to stay focused
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00849-00232064-00232341 on the goal, on the prize.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00850-00232341-00232598 And then finally in verses 28 and 29,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00851-00232598-00232935 he tells them to be grateful for the blessings
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00852-00232935-00233376 that they have in Christ Jesus.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00853-00233376-00233644 So he says in verses 28, 29,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00854-00233644-00233881 "Therefore, since we receive a kingdom
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00855-00233881-00234119 "which cannot be shaken," remember what I said, you know,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00856-00234119-00234361 everything will be taken apart except the kingdom.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00857-00234361-00234503 That's going to stay.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00858-00234503-00234728 He says, "a kingdom which cannot be shaken,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00859-00234728-00234879 "let us show gratitude,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00860-00234879-00235193 "by which we may offer to God an acceptable service
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00861-00235193-00235423 "with reverence and awe,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00862-00235423-00235923 "for our God is a consuming fire."
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00863-00235932-00236169 So he shows how blessed they are
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00864-00236169-00236351 by comparing the revelation of God
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00865-00236351-00236706 that the Old Testament people have
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00866-00236706-00237029 in light of the glorious revelation
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00867-00237029-00237339 that the New Testament have received.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00868-00237339-00237626 And so the comparison suggests
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00869-00237626-00237869 that to reject God's offer of grace
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00870-00237869-00238071 revealed through Jesus Christ
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00871-00238071-00238273 is the height of ingratitude
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00872-00238273-00238513 since it is revealed so gloriously
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00873-00238513-00238710 and promises so much.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00874-00238710-00238854 You know, I mean, the people who had
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00875-00238854-00239021 much less than you had,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00876-00239021-00239282 they remained faithful despite the trials
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00877-00239282-00239494 and you people who have been given so much,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00878-00239494-00239660 it'll be terrible if you deny,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00879-00239660-00239844 if you are unfaithful.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00880-00239844-00240012 That's the point he's making.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00881-00240012-00240230 So the chapter ends with the reminder
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00882-00240230-00240471 that the glory of God and His mercy revealed by Christ
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00883-00240471-00240809 does not erase the terrifying sight of His justice
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00884-00240809-00241217 which will be exercised on all who reject
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00885-00241217-00241546 His offer of mercy and forgiveness.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00886-00241546-00241788 So let's have a few encouraging ideas
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00887-00241788-00242082 as we kind of wrap up this lesson today.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00888-00242082-00242536 First of all, let's stay focused on Jesus.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00889-00242536-00242842 You know, our trials and difficulties overwhelm us
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00890-00242842-00243158 only when we take our focus off of Jesus
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00891-00243158-00243655 and begin concentrating exclusively on our problems.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00892-00243655-00243790 We become unfaithful
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00893-00243790-00244000 and we see no difference in our lives
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00894-00244000-00244261 but foolishly ignore the fact
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00895-00244261-00244577 that we could be swept away in a moment without Christ.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00896-00244577-00244817 You know, we think, oh I'm not doing so well.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00897-00244817-00245057 You ever realize that if you abandon Christ
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00898-00245057-00245272 you could go in a moment?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00899-00245272-00245526 You know, He says without Me you can do nothing
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00900-00245526-00245693 and He really means nothing.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00901-00245693-00245908 So the prayer and the study
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00902-00245908-00246128 and the strengthening of our faith through service
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00903-00246128-00246410 and worship, this prepares us for the day
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00904-00246410-00246650 when the storm comes.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00905-00246650-00246873 And believe me, the storm will come.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00906-00246873-00246969 And when it comes,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00907-00246969-00247348 remember that more than ever we must keep
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00908-00247348-00247501 our eyes on the Lord
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00909-00247501-00247834 and avoid shifting it to our trials or how we feel
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00910-00247834-00247957 and so on and so forth.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00911-00248081-00248173 Another thing.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00912-00248359-00248859 Suffering is not an excuse for unfaithfulness.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00913-00248861-00249033 You know, trials and suffering are part
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00914-00249033-00249401 of everybody's lives, believer and nonbeliever.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00915-00249401-00249671 Being a Christian doesn't protect us from suffering.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00916-00249671-00249936 Often it causes more problems, right?
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00917-00250123-00250286 So we need to remember that when,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00918-00250286-00250523 as Christians, we do suffer trials
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00919-00250523-00250737 we need to remember that it's not a sign
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00920-00250737-00250866 that God is punishing us
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00921-00250866-00251273 but rather that God is intimately involved in our lives.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00922-00251273-00251526 Unlike unbelievers, our trials can work
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00923-00251526-00251939 to produce everlasting rewards.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00924-00251939-00252123 So let us never use our trials
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00925-00252123-00252410 as an excuse to abandon Christ or the church.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00926-00252410-00252627 Certainly not to curse God.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00927-00252627-00252884 But rather see these thing as tools
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00928-00252884-00253117 that God is using to test our faith
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00929-00253117-00253440 and to mold our character.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00930-00253440-00253581 Then one more.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00931-00253581-00253908 Let's always keep a proper vision of God.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00932-00253908-00254369 You know, we tend to see God as we want to see Him.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00933-00254369-00254582 You know, the nice God, the funny God,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00934-00254582-00254823 the indulgent God, the mean God.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00935-00254942-00255183 But the only description of God that has any accuracy
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00936-00255183-00255507 is the one contained in His word.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00937-00255507-00255728 It says that He is merciful
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00938-00255728-00255981 and that He is kind and compassionate
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00939-00255981-00256321 to those who seek Him and obey Him and trust Him.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00940-00256321-00256653 But it also says that for those who disobey,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00941-00256653-00256901 who are unfaithful, who are ungrateful,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00942-00256901-00257179 He's a consuming fire.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00943-00257179-00257510 Both of these are realities.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00944-00257510-00257796 Both of these are true.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00945-00257796-00258125 A proper attitude in prayer and worship and conduct
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00946-00258125-00258282 will only be developed
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00947-00258282-00258707 when we recognize both facets of God's character.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00948-00258707-00258993 His love and His justice.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00949-00258993-00259289 We need to ask Him to help us avoid
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00950-00259289-00259536 becoming too frightened, of course,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00951-00259536-00259884 or too complacent because if we're too frightened
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00952-00259884-00260033 we're frozen in place.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00953-00260033-00260219 We can't do anything.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00954-00260219-00260361 And if we're too complacent,
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00955-00260361-00260637 we're no longer useful in His kingdom.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00956-00260637-00260886 All right, so there's chapter 12.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00957-00260886-00261286 A lot of ideas compacted into a very brief chapter.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00958-00261286-00261627 We're going to continue next time, chapter 13.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00959-00261627-00261892 The final chapter and the final lesson in this series.
ZdgheviEQ_Y-00960-00261892-00262088 Thank you very much for your attention.
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00000-00000050-00000546 David we talked about company culture, and especially for recruiters when they
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00001-00000546-00000959 are asking or interviewing candidates, they talk about the company culture and
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00002-00000959-00001517 even job seekers check company culture to see what they are offering and in
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00003-00001517-00001992 your book "Unleash Culture" and I recommend this book everyone to read
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00004-00001992-00002508 very resourceful book, you talk about the foundation of award-winning culture
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00005-00002508-00002859 those are, there is five key elements you mentioned can you elaborate
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00006-00002859-00003296 more about those key elements please? Sure yeah absolutely, so if you think of
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00007-00003296-00003848 culture I think of culture as an ecosystem and there's really five parts
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00008-00003848-00004271 to an ecosystem and what happens is is that has been I'll quickly go through
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00009-00004271-00004737 them with you but what happens is is that when one or two of the parts of the
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00010-00004737-00005217 ecosystem gets out of balance, that's when you hear people say you know the
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00011-00005217-00005669 culture here sucks, right but what really sucks it's again it's not it's
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00012-00005669-00006110 not the paint bean bag chairs of beer Friday's things like that, it's something
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00013-00006110-00006567 really lacking in this ecosystem and the five parts are really simple, the first
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00014-00006567-00006965 one is, and I like to think in terms of culture of so the first one is culture
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00015-00006965-00007550 of Culture of Alignment, and that's and what that is is that as our purpose in
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00016-00007550-00008040 our core values right, and so you know, does the company even know why it
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00017-00008040-00008493 exists? A lot of companies will have and we'll get into this a little bit later
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00018-00008493-00008912 have mission statements and vision statements but why do they why why why
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00019-00008912-00009410 do companies exist? what is your why? and my rule of thumb is, you should be able
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00020-00009411-00009878 to state that in four words or less. Second thing is your core values, and
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00021-00009879-00010286 what are your values and for me there should be only four, and one around
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00022-00010286-00010700 people, one around service, one around  introspection improvement and one around
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00023-00010700-00011132 the business you're in, and so getting complete alignment around that, because
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00024-00011132-00011463 if you go to most companies, so you have a company of 50 people and you say why
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00025-00011463-00011895 do you exist as a brand? very rarely will everybody come up with the same answer
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00026-00011895-00012311 yeah, so that's the first thing, then there's Culture of Clarity and
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00027-00012311-00012579 clarity is what are we going to do and how are we going to do it, and that's
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00028-00012579-00013016 typically your strategic one-page plans, your roadmaps, your scorecard, your
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00029-00013016-00013512 scoreboards, but getting clarity through the whole organization
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00030-00013512-00013988 as to what the goals of the company are, it's shocking to me again the number of
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00031-00013988-00014372 companies that I walk into and I go up to anybody and say do you know what the
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00032-00014372-00014790 top three goals for the company are this year? and they have no clue, they have no
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00033-00014790-00015279 clue, well if you have no clue then what are you doing every day and you're in
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00034-00015279-00015713 your role, you're really just existing, and so that's the second thing and third
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00035-00015713-00016163 thing is Culture of Accountability, and so with a culture of accountability is
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00036-00016163-00016497 that how do we hold everyone accountable and daily weekly quarterly monthly
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00037-00016497-00016989 annual basis? and that's setting up your rhythm, The fourth piece is Culture of
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00038-00016989-00017460 Continuous Improvement, and that is how do we get better? and and I'm a lean
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00039-00017460-00017922 certified black belt in the Toyota Production system, so we like to go in
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00040-00017922-00018267 and weave with some of that Toyota thinking engines, where how can we
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00041-00018267-00018666 eliminate waste and only keep up what's value. And then the fourth one's a fifth
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00042-00018666-00019050 one is a Culture of Inspiration, and that's how do we have the most inspired
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00043-00019050-00019527 people walking through our door every single day? and I always say to brands
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00044-00019527-00019980 here's what here's a big difference, focus on what do I have my people
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00045-00019980-00020487 becoming not what do I have my people doing, because if you focus on the
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00046-00020487-00020741 becoming, the doing will take care of itself
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00047-00020741-00021288 so if we can get all of those five elements in order in balance and
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00048-00021288-00021789 life's pretty good and the culture of the company is strong, if any one of
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00049-00021789-00022278 those start to get so out of balance then that's when there's discontent and
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00050-00022278-00022623 that's when the rhythm gets broken and that's when things get fragmented and
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00051-00022623-00023172 that's when people say the culture here sucks, well yeah it's really what part of
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00052-00023172-00023640 it sucks and so we go and we analyze it we say okay culture clarity you're not
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00053-00023640-00024051 involved in the goal-setting, you feel left out or you're not inspired or
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00054-00024051-00024291 whatever it is and we just go ahead and fix that and we just try to get things
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00055-00024291-00024906 back to balance. Yes and do you think that, culture can be added? In terms of when
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00056-00024906-00025293 new people come or new people are getting tired, they always make sure that
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00057-00025293-00025727 there's an alignment with their personal values with the values of the common, do
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00058-00025727-00026366 you think that new people can add values? or culture will change over time? if the
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00059-00026366-00026842 company is growing or it's be the same all the way? I think certain
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00060-00026842-00027202 elements have to stay the same, I think your purpose in your values are now and
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00061-00027202-00027538 forever, and I think those are the anchor of the character side of your company,
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00062-00027538-00027988 I think everything else needs to evolve, you need to get more mature and your
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00063-00027988-00028435 strategic planning, you need to get warm driving accountability, you know
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00064-00028435-00028810 continuous improvement something that never stops, inspiration something that
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00065-00028810-00029242 never ever stops, so I would agree I think there's elements that evolve even
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00066-00029242-00029577 the purpose and the values you can evolve programs around those you can
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00067-00029577-00030039 evolve how you get those out through your PR your marketing internal myth,
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00068-00030039-00030388 The other thing too is, yeah you you nailed it, you've got to absolutely positively
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00069-00030388-00030751 during the recruiting interview process, make sure that the people that you're
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00070-00030751-00031083 bringing on are aligned with your purpose and your values, otherwise you're
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00071-00031083-00031633 I always I always put more emphasis on hiring character than
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00072-00031633-00032086 skill, because I can teach skill but it's harder for me to teach character, so I
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00073-00032086-00032592 always look for the character side, does the person have to have skill? absolutely
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00074-00032592-00033064 but I put as much emphasis if not more on are they fit for our brand character?
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00075-00033064-00033673 Those are great tip David, thank you very much, and if you like any of the tips
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00076-00033673-00034096 that David gave, please like and share this video and tune in tomorrow for
ZeU1t2XE6PQ-00077-00034096-00034428 another question with David
ZflAP9W7wZY-00000-00000010-00000340 DENNIS WEIMANN.
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ZflAP9W7wZY-00009-00001221-00001227 GREAT CAUSE AT THE FIRST ANNUAL ROCK IT FORWARD CONCERT COMING  
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ZflAP9W7wZY-00028-00002696-00002842 RICE, A LOCAL BAND FROM BRAINERD, WILL TAKE THE STAGE. ALL PROCEEDS FROM THE CONCERT
ZflAP9W7wZY-00029-00002842-00002849 BRAINERD, WILL TAKE THE STAGE. ALL PROCEEDS FROM THE CONCERT  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00030-00002849-00003006 BRAINERD, WILL TAKE THE STAGE. ALL PROCEEDS FROM THE CONCERT SUPPORT THE PAY IT FORWARD FUND
ZflAP9W7wZY-00031-00003006-00003013 ALL PROCEEDS FROM THE CONCERT SUPPORT THE PAY IT FORWARD FUND  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00032-00003013-00003203 ALL PROCEEDS FROM THE CONCERT SUPPORT THE PAY IT FORWARD FUND AT ESSENTIA HEALTH, WHICH HELPS
ZflAP9W7wZY-00033-00003203-00003209 SUPPORT THE PAY IT FORWARD FUND AT ESSENTIA HEALTH, WHICH HELPS  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00034-00003209-00003363 SUPPORT THE PAY IT FORWARD FUND AT ESSENTIA HEALTH, WHICH HELPS TO PROVIDE BASIC LIVING EXPENSES
ZflAP9W7wZY-00035-00003363-00003370 AT ESSENTIA HEALTH, WHICH HELPS TO PROVIDE BASIC LIVING EXPENSES  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00036-00003370-00003476 AT ESSENTIA HEALTH, WHICH HELPS TO PROVIDE BASIC LIVING EXPENSES TO CANCER PATIENTS.
ZflAP9W7wZY-00037-00003476-00003483 TO PROVIDE BASIC LIVING EXPENSES TO CANCER PATIENTS.  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00038-00003483-00003590 TO PROVIDE BASIC LIVING EXPENSES TO CANCER PATIENTS. >> I AM A CANCER SURVIVOR.
ZflAP9W7wZY-00039-00003590-00003596 TO CANCER PATIENTS. >> I AM A CANCER SURVIVOR.  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00040-00003596-00003740 TO CANCER PATIENTS. >> I AM A CANCER SURVIVOR. MY WIFE IS A CANCER SURVIVOR.
ZflAP9W7wZY-00041-00003740-00003747 >> I AM A CANCER SURVIVOR. MY WIFE IS A CANCER SURVIVOR.  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00042-00003747-00003880 >> I AM A CANCER SURVIVOR. MY WIFE IS A CANCER SURVIVOR. WE DON'T KNOW ANYONE IN THIS
ZflAP9W7wZY-00043-00003880-00003887 MY WIFE IS A CANCER SURVIVOR. WE DON'T KNOW ANYONE IN THIS  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00044-00003887-00004013 MY WIFE IS A CANCER SURVIVOR. WE DON'T KNOW ANYONE IN THIS WORLD WHO HASN'T BEEN AFFECTED
ZflAP9W7wZY-00045-00004013-00004020 WE DON'T KNOW ANYONE IN THIS WORLD WHO HASN'T BEEN AFFECTED  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00046-00004020-00004244 WE DON'T KNOW ANYONE IN THIS WORLD WHO HASN'T BEEN AFFECTED BY CANCER, WHETHER IT'S THROUGH
ZflAP9W7wZY-00047-00004244-00004250 WORLD WHO HASN'T BEEN AFFECTED BY CANCER, WHETHER IT'S THROUGH  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00048-00004250-00004407 WORLD WHO HASN'T BEEN AFFECTED BY CANCER, WHETHER IT'S THROUGH AN ACQUAINTANCE OR FRIEND OR
ZflAP9W7wZY-00049-00004407-00004414 BY CANCER, WHETHER IT'S THROUGH AN ACQUAINTANCE OR FRIEND OR  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00050-00004414-00004597 BY CANCER, WHETHER IT'S THROUGH AN ACQUAINTANCE OR FRIEND OR RELATIVE, AND THIS IS A WAY WE
ZflAP9W7wZY-00051-00004597-00004604 AN ACQUAINTANCE OR FRIEND OR RELATIVE, AND THIS IS A WAY WE  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00052-00004604-00004724 AN ACQUAINTANCE OR FRIEND OR RELATIVE, AND THIS IS A WAY WE CAN GIVE BACK.
ZflAP9W7wZY-00053-00004724-00004731 RELATIVE, AND THIS IS A WAY WE CAN GIVE BACK.  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00054-00004731-00004868 RELATIVE, AND THIS IS A WAY WE CAN GIVE BACK. >> DENNIS: TICKETS ARE $20 AND
ZflAP9W7wZY-00055-00004868-00004874 CAN GIVE BACK. >> DENNIS: TICKETS ARE $20 AND  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00056-00004874-00005111 CAN GIVE BACK. >> DENNIS: TICKETS ARE $20 AND TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN
ZflAP9W7wZY-00057-00005111-00005118 >> DENNIS: TICKETS ARE $20 AND TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00058-00005118-00005235 >> DENNIS: TICKETS ARE $20 AND TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN PURCHASE THE TICKETS, YOU CAN
ZflAP9W7wZY-00059-00005235-00005241 TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN PURCHASE THE TICKETS, YOU CAN  
ZflAP9W7wZY-00060-00005241-00005295 TO FIND OUT WHERE YOU CAN PURCHASE THE TICKETS, YOU CAN VISIT THIS STORY ON OUR WEBSITE
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00000-00000327-00000717 Congratulations to the Centre for  Sign Linguistics & Deaf Studies
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00001-00000717-00000908 at the Chinese University  of Hong Kong.
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00002-00000977-00001369 The University introduced a  Deaf Education Programme,
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00003-00001406-00001994 targeting deaf and hard of hearing children  from infancy to secondary education. 
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00004-00002030-00002448 Deaf and hearing students study  together in the same classroom, 
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00005-00002469-00002914 receiving sign language and  oral instructions simultaneously.
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00006-00002994-00003367 It is a great honor to receive the Zero Project Award this year.
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00007-00003400-00003693 I would like to say thanks  to the funders and donors
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00008-00003738-00004271 who support our work for the last 13 years, and I also want to say thanks to
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00009-00004279-00004682 Professor Gladys Tang and our beloved deaf and hearing colleagues.
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00010-00004720-00005161 Without their support, we would  not be successful to support
ZhpxEUn_IPY-00011-00005170-00005364 our deaf children to their best.
ZiBgdyFGanu-00000-00000000-00000206 Jody, come here and say hi to my friends!
ZiBgdyFGanu-00001-00000668-00001022 Say "hi everyone"
ZiBgdyFGanu-00002-00001773-00002266 Hi guys, I'm Giorgia for those of you who sill don't know me
ZiBgdyFGanu-00003-00002394-00002812 you can subscribe to my channel below
ZiBgdyFGanu-00004-00002948-00003264 I'm back with a new video after a month of break
ZiBgdyFGanu-00005-00003292-00003520 because I had EXAMS
ZiBgdyFGanu-00006-00003520-00003802 and then Christmas,...
ZiBgdyFGanu-00007-00003970-00004524 I'm so happy to be back, I've missed you
ZiBgdyFGanu-00008-00004590-00005384 I'm back with a video on my favorite topic: BAGS
ZiBgdyFGanu-00009-00005384-00005620 I've seen this kind of video on many channels
ZiBgdyFGanu-00010-00005622-00005933 especially American and English ones
ZiBgdyFGanu-00011-00005934-00006536 not so much in the Italian ones, but maybe it's because I haven't even tried...
ZiBgdyFGanu-00012-00006550-00006892 I'm pretty sure that there is a video in Italian too
ZiBgdyFGanu-00013-00006892-00007166 I don't know the title of the video yet
ZiBgdyFGanu-00014-00007294-00008123 but it will be something like " the top 10 bags under 1000"
ZiBgdyFGanu-00015-00008176-00008928 I live in Switzerland, and we have Swiss Francs, but
ZiBgdyFGanu-00016-00008928-00009790 I decided to use euros because most of the people subscribed to my channel are Italian
ZiBgdyFGanu-00017-00009790-00010148 (mostly because I speak Italian)
ZiBgdyFGanu-00018-00010162-00010444 another reason why I decided to use euros is because
ZiBgdyFGanu-00019-00010444-00010854 under 1000 Swiss Francs there weren't many bags that I could include in the video ... haha
ZiBgdyFGanu-00020-00010854-00010996 but before we start... SIGLA
ZiBgdyFGanu-00021-00011762-00012022 I took notes
ZiBgdyFGanu-00022-00012022-00012634 because I want to tell you the price and the name of the bags I mention
ZiBgdyFGanu-00023-00012646-00012937 I'll show you the picture
ZiBgdyFGanu-00024-00012938-00013158 and the name of the bag
ZiBgdyFGanu-00025-00013163-00013910 in the info box you can find the link to the shop to look for all info you need
ZiBgdyFGanu-00026-00013963-00014204 like measures etc
ZiBgdyFGanu-00027-00014306-00014986 I want this video to be short, so.. let's start!
ZiBgdyFGanu-00028-00015056-00015688 I'm not following an order
ZiBgdyFGanu-00029-00015690-00016180 the first bag I want to include in my list
ZiBgdyFGanu-00030-00016278-00016622 is the ALMA BB (Louis Vuitton)
ZiBgdyFGanu-00031-00016662-00017066 I have this bag, as you can see from the photos on my Instagram profile
ZiBgdyFGanu-00032-00017088-00017604 here is my username
ZiBgdyFGanu-00033-00017604-00017922 there are many pictures with this bag
ZiBgdyFGanu-00034-00017952-00018246 is one of the few that I have
ZiBgdyFGanu-00035-00018246-00018528 I have included 10 bags (mmh maybe more) in this video
ZiBgdyFGanu-00036-00018528-00018770 and obviusly I don't have all of them
ZiBgdyFGanu-00037-00018770-00018964 I have the Alma in Monogram
ZiBgdyFGanu-00038-00019008-00019600 and for now it's 980 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00039-00019600-00020352 I say for now because they raise prices about 2 times a year (not only LV)
ZiBgdyFGanu-00040-00020460-00021270 in fact,  I bought a coin purse 2 months ago (VIDEO LINKED), and the price has already increased by 5 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00041-00021320-00022248 it was 250 and now it's 255 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00042-00022634-00023296 there is also another beautiful Alma that I would like to mention
ZiBgdyFGanu-00043-00023382-00023780 this one is 1170 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00044-00023798-00024180 I know it's more than 1000, but I really wanted to mention this one
ZiBgdyFGanu-00045-00024180-00024484 it's the black one in Epi
ZiBgdyFGanu-00046-00024484-00024828 I love it so much
ZiBgdyFGanu-00047-00024984-00025714 I saw a picture of it on Pinterest with the monogram shoulder belt and I felt in love
ZiBgdyFGanu-00048-00025948-00026248 this was the first bag
ZiBgdyFGanu-00049-00026248-00026900 a small one, like the other ones I will include
ZiBgdyFGanu-00050-00026933-00027395 most of them are crossbody bags because they are my fave
ZiBgdyFGanu-00051-00027426-00027983 the second bag is the Balenciaga camera bag
ZiBgdyFGanu-00052-00028014-00028556 I think that every brand has made a similar bag
ZiBgdyFGanu-00053-00028782-00029520 I'll say that the size S is the best one, because the XS looks too small
ZiBgdyFGanu-00054-00029618-00030174 the price for this one is 795 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00055-00030264-00030576 The third one is the "mini Dionysus" from Gucci
ZiBgdyFGanu-00056-00030576-00031174 I love it, especially for a dinner out or a party
ZiBgdyFGanu-00057-00031227-00031868 I wont take it to the disco with me, but... ahah I'm too afraid to ruin it
ZiBgdyFGanu-00058-00031889-00032504 you can buy it in black leather, 690 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00059-00032542-00033056 or the classic one with the "Gucci" logo
ZiBgdyFGanu-00060-00033196-00033506 this is 650 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00061-00033506-00033800 so 40 euros less
ZiBgdyFGanu-00062-00033800-00034112 but if I have to choose I will buy the black one
ZiBgdyFGanu-00063-00034156-00035156 most of the bags you'll see in this video are black, I've tried to choose other colors, but it is soooo difficult for me
ZiBgdyFGanu-00064-00035474-00036344 another bag I love is the "Mini Marmont" from Gucci
ZiBgdyFGanu-00065-00036412-00036598 790 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00066-00036598-00036912 this one is really cute!
ZiBgdyFGanu-00067-00036912-00037356 I saw this bag a lot this summer
ZiBgdyFGanu-00068-00037408-00037998 influencers styled it as a belt
ZiBgdyFGanu-00069-00038050-00038384 after this one we have
ZiBgdyFGanu-00070-00038388-00038956 the Gucci Marmont  (the classic one), 980 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00071-00038984-00039756 a friend of mine has it and I think that it's the perfect size
ZiBgdyFGanu-00072-00039778-00040562 I tried it too but I was not 100% sure it was perfect for me, so I decided to buy the Alma instead
ZiBgdyFGanu-00073-00040668-00041234 (here I was repeating myself....)
ZiBgdyFGanu-00074-00041462-00042324 there is also a medium size of the Marmont, but because it's the middle size I don't like it ahah
ZiBgdyFGanu-00075-00042338-00042640 I won't buy it
ZiBgdyFGanu-00076-00042980-00043232 bag number 5!
ZiBgdyFGanu-00077-00043240-00043444 Gucci AGAIN
ZiBgdyFGanu-00078-00044052-00044754 this is a little bit different form the other ones
ZiBgdyFGanu-00079-00045304-00046138 I will style it with a pair of boyfriend jeans, a white T-shirt and tadaaaa
ZiBgdyFGanu-00080-00046198-00046540 it's called "Neo Vintage"
ZiBgdyFGanu-00081-00046544-00046815 850 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00082-00046816-00047426 less than the Marmont, but because it isn't leather
ZiBgdyFGanu-00083-00047575-00047889 bag number 6!
ZiBgdyFGanu-00084-00047889-00048073 the Soho bag, Gucci
ZiBgdyFGanu-00085-00048073-00048357 it's a must, really famous
ZiBgdyFGanu-00086-00048357-00048673 it's 890 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00087-00048978-00049790 I tried this one too but I wasn't 100 sure
ZiBgdyFGanu-00088-00049818-00050168 maybe next time, who knows :D
ZiBgdyFGanu-00089-00050483-00050784 bag number 7
ZiBgdyFGanu-00090-00050784-00051064 YSL Camera bag, it's called "Lou"
ZiBgdyFGanu-00091-00051200-00051504 really cuteee! But never tried it
ZiBgdyFGanu-00092-00051794-00052096 because it wasn't in my top 3
ZiBgdyFGanu-00093-00052244-00053138 I think it's a little smaller than the Alma and the Soho
ZiBgdyFGanu-00094-00053182-00053478 but I like it a lot
ZiBgdyFGanu-00095-00053478-00053784 (they're all similar)
ZiBgdyFGanu-00096-00054034-00054570 this one is 950 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00097-00054674-00055644 then there is this one, which is 895! I love it because it's totally gray, the logo too
ZiBgdyFGanu-00098-00055736-00056012 they have it in grey, white and black
ZiBgdyFGanu-00099-00056104-00057158 it's a little cheaper because it's smaller
ZiBgdyFGanu-00100-00057266-00057402 NOW
ZiBgdyFGanu-00101-00057404-00057604 AN ICON
ZiBgdyFGanu-00102-00057654-00058104 the Louis Vuitton Speedy
ZiBgdyFGanu-00103-00058112-00058440 the speedy 30 without the shoulder belt
ZiBgdyFGanu-00104-00058494-00058932 because without it is 840 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00105-00059262-00059655 crossbody is more and it's 1080
ZiBgdyFGanu-00106-00059714-00060322 but go watch my video to understand which one I prefer and WHY
ZiBgdyFGanu-00107-00060394-00060776 the LV speedy is a MUST HAVE
ZiBgdyFGanu-00108-00061067-00061304 bag number 9
ZiBgdyFGanu-00109-00061386-00061679 I think that this will be my next purchase
ZiBgdyFGanu-00110-00061772-00062122 - my coffee machine is turning off -
ZiBgdyFGanu-00111-00062122-00062482 it is a Stella McCartney bag, the Falabella
ZiBgdyFGanu-00112-00062517-00063088 I don't know if it's better the "mini" or the "tiny" one
ZiBgdyFGanu-00113-00063129-00063910 I had the bigger one, but it was too heavy for me
ZiBgdyFGanu-00114-00063974-00064734 even when it was empty...
ZiBgdyFGanu-00115-00064820-00065352 I decidede to sell it, but I still like it a lot
ZiBgdyFGanu-00116-00065374-00065954 for that reason I think I'm going to buy the smaller one
ZiBgdyFGanu-00117-00065982-00066214 the tiny is 545 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00118-00066438-00066772 then there is the mini, which is 675
ZiBgdyFGanu-00119-00066974-00067278 but some of you told me that the tiny is too tiny...
ZiBgdyFGanu-00120-00067318-00068082 I don't know which size I'm going to choose, but I'm 100% sure that it will be black
ZiBgdyFGanu-00121-00068304-00068606 even if recently they came up with a wide range of colors
ZiBgdyFGanu-00122-00068678-00068948 bag number 10 guys
ZiBgdyFGanu-00123-00069002-00069726 I didn't know if I had to include it in my video
ZiBgdyFGanu-00124-00069782-00070612 I think that is pretty new
ZiBgdyFGanu-00125-00070612-00070916 but I'm not sure...
ZiBgdyFGanu-00126-00070944-00071288 however.. it's the mini camera bag from Fendi
ZiBgdyFGanu-00127-00071306-00071526 it's 980 euros
ZiBgdyFGanu-00128-00071526-00071826 I love it, so cuteee
ZiBgdyFGanu-00129-00071826-00072724 I also think that it's double face! A logo side and a black one
ZiBgdyFGanu-00130-00072788-00073222 this one is 980 euros, so under 1000
ZiBgdyFGanu-00131-00073268-00073544 this was my top 10 list
ZiBgdyFGanu-00132-00073568-00074102 the best designer bags under 1000
ZiBgdyFGanu-00133-00074142-00074908 I hope it wasn't too fast, but I only wanted to tell you the name and few details
ZiBgdyFGanu-00134-00074936-00075890 I only wanted to list them
ZiBgdyFGanu-00135-00075996-00076476 because I only have 2 of them and I can't tell you if they're a good investment or not, etc.
ZiBgdyFGanu-00136-00076560-00077220 you know what I mean?
ZiBgdyFGanu-00137-00077282-00077706 so I couldn't do a more in-depth video
ZiBgdyFGanu-00138-00077762-00078069 these are my top 10
ZiBgdyFGanu-00139-00078070-00078450 don't forget to subscribe so my channel
ZiBgdyFGanu-00140-00078492-00078852 I'll see you in the next video!
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00000-00000008-00000136 Holy Spirit have your way
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00001-00000712-00001040 I pray tonight Holy Spirit that you would begin to touch your people
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00002-00001192-00001936 and use your word to shape us we thank you for your presence that's here with us now
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00003-00002168-00002984 in the name of Jesus just a moment just wait with hands lifted eyes closed
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00004-00004656-00006048 Holy Spirit come and let your presence be felt demonstrate your power tonight
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00005-00006376-00006728 we thank you and we blessyou  can you just say this
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00006-00006728-00007416 I want you to lift your hands and say welcome holy spirit Jesus name
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00007-00007823-00008368 well I want to minister a word tonight and we'll get you guys going in just a moment
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00008-00008368-00008976 can we get a chair for Stephen please just so he can be here right here with uh Ishmael and
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00009-00008976-00009536 how many appreciate the worship ministry of Mr Stephen Montezuma always a pleasure my brother
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00010-00009600-00009984 and Ishmael good to see you I haven't seen you the whole trip it's good to see you my friend
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00011-00010064-00010496 um I want to just settle in I'm going to get into the word tonight then I want to minister
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00012-00010576-00011080 as the holy spirit leads what I love about ministering with the holy spirit is that you never
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00013-00011080-00011704 know where the service will end up you can preach the word as he instructed you and when you obey
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00014-00011704-00012272 the holy spirit you step into the power of the holy spirit and I truly believe that tonight there
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00015-00012272-00012840 will be demonstrations of the holy spirit's power and I pray that he would mark your lives tonight
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00016-00012912-00013488 I pray that he would shape your heart shape your character shape your nature with the word
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00017-00013640-00014312 so I want to talk to you this evening about ascending the mountain of glory
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00018-00014480-00015024 going to higher places in the presence of the holy spirit higher places
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00019-00015104-00016063 in your walk with god now we understand that everything that God is, resides in us we understand
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00020-00016063-00016904 that all that god offers has been given to us by the holy spirit we understand that we don't need
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00021-00016904-00017536 more of the holy spirit but rather we should learn to surrender more of ourselves to him
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00022-00017752-00018352 so when I talk about ascending to higher places in the spirit I'm not just talking
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00023-00018352-00018992 about receiving more of god because that's not possible you can't receive more than all of him
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00024-00019184-00019832 I'm not talking about receiving more power that's not possible you can't receive more
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00025-00019832-00020472 than all of the power of God which resides in you luke 1 35 refers to the power of the holy spirit
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00026-00020536-00021176 as the power of the most high meaning it is the power of God that comes upon a life
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00027-00021176-00021792 when the holy spirit comes to dwell and we know that according to Romans chapter 8 verse 9
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00028-00021792-00022392 that those who are born again have the holy spirit the moment you are saved you have
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00029-00022392-00023096 the holy spirit the moment you give your life to him he's yours you belong to him it's a covenant
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00030-00023168-00023600 he comes to dwell in you in fullness in the fullness of his power
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00031-00023728-00024480 in the fullness of his grace everything you need to pray everything you need to understand the word
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00032-00024664-00025096 everything you need to worship John 4 24 they worship in spirit
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00033-00025216-00026080 and truth everything you need to evangelize boldly everything you need to drive out demons
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00034-00026183-00026927 everything you need to heal the sick everything you need to preach the gospel everything you need
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00035-00026927-00027552 to have confidence in your salvation everything you need to receive instruction from the lord
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00036-00027648-00028304 everything you need to understand the word all of it is in you the moment
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00037-00028304-00028839 you gave your heart to Jesus the moment you received this free gift of salvation
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00038-00029008-00029583 so I'm not talking about a tedious burdensome religious approach to
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00039-00029639-00030232 trying to find these higher places I'm talking about greater levels of surrender
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00040-00030504-00031216 I'm talking about allowing that which is in you to become manifested around you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00041-00031527-00032024 I'm talking about releasing that which God has deposited in you already
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00042-00032160-00032768 now I know that the enemy can lie to us I know that the enemy can try to persuade you that
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00043-00032768-00033320 perhaps you were the exception to god's grace that you were the exception to the receiving of
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00044-00033320-00033968 the holy spirit at salvation the enemy will try to throw in your face your past mistakes your flaws
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00045-00034088-00034400 the character traits that aren't quite polished yet
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00046-00034608-00035000 and if we're not careful we can become convinced that we're lacking
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00047-00035112-00035552 we can become convinced that we are without
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00048-00035824-00036632 I want to talk to you instead about approaching this from faith so it begins in the spirit
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00049-00036728-00037520 it begins in knowing who I am in him it begins in being firmly planted in my relationship with
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00050-00037520-00038384 christ through the holy spirit by faith and by grace so when I talk of ascending that mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00051-00038600-00039800 I'm talking about the fact that your nature begins to disappear and god's nature begins to shine
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00052-00040080-00040424 Scripture declares Enoch walked with god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00053-00040656-00041312 and he was not for God took him I told the lord, lord i want to be a was not too
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00054-00041544-00042416 he simply was not he ceased to be I'm talking about a fellowship a union
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00055-00042600-00043088 in which your presence and his presence become indistinguishable from one another
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00056-00043400-00043864 I'm talking about the ripping away of self and it is a tearing
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00057-00044080-00045008 a shedding of the old mindsets a shedding of the old self a shedding of your former ways
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00058-00045008-00045560 the higher up the mountain you go the less of you that goes with you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00059-00045832-00046544 I'm talking about a death to self, I'm talking about truly being alive in christ
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00060-00046544-00047096 no longer I live the scripture declares but christ lives in me
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00061-00047296-00047832 this means that where I step my foot the christ steps his foot
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00062-00047976-00048704 this means that when i go to lay my hand the christ in me goes to lay his hand as well
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00063-00048872-00049720 my hands become extensions of his I become an expression of God's divine presence in the earth
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00064-00049792-00050584 when I begin to allow him to strip away so I want to look at Exodus chapter 24.
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00065-00050752-00051016 before I go on reading i do want to reiterate again
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00066-00051088-00051791 that when I talk about this I'm not talking about receiving more I'm not talking about
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00067-00051864-00052320 coming to this from the place of frustration because the reality is that when you come to
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00068-00052320-00052912 the place of frustration, frustration is a great initiator a terrible sustainer
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00069-00053128-00053544 frustration will move you to come into an encounter
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00070-00053648-00054200 but if you're constantly living in frustration my question to you is why are you lacking
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00071-00054760-00055272 why are you constantly finding yourself in these cycles
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00072-00055479-00055767 and I want to talk about how to break those through ascension
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00073-00055920-00056648 so go to Exodus chapter 24 and we're going to look at Moses's interaction with the lord
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00074-00056840-00057360 exodus 24 I'm going to read beginning at verse number 12 and what I want to do is I want to go
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00075-00057360-00058000 verse by verse now understand the context here is that Moses was called to the top of the mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00076-00058104-00058528 God picked him out of all of the children of Israel god picked him out to lead
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00077-00058584-00059055 God marked him god sanctified him when he encountered the presence of the holy
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00078-00059055-00059479 spirit in Exodus chapter 3 and it was the presence of the holy spirit in exodus 3.
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00079-00059576-00060224 when Moses encountered the presence of the holy spirit notice that when he came into
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00080-00060224-00060864 contact with that fire that it produced in him a desire to bring deliverance to a people
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00081-00061072-00061432 whenever you come into contact with the presence of the holy spirit god's
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00082-00061432-00062104 desires will become your desires and that fire transforms something in you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00083-00062328-00063079 so Moses was called by God he was hand-selected by the lord and God began to call him he gave him an
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00084-00063079-00063784 invitation he gave him a royal invite to come to the top of the mountain and fellowship with him
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00085-00064024-00064424 the mountain was a place to seclude with the spirit
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00086-00064544-00065160 it represents alone time with god it represents removing all distractions
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00087-00065304-00065832 and standing before him just you and him let's go to verse 12. then the lord said to Moses
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00088-00065928-00066752 come up to me on the mountain stay there everyone say stay there and i will give you the tablets of
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00089-00066752-00067448 stone on which I have inscribed the instructions and commands so you can teach the people so first
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00090-00067448-00067856 and foremost we see that when God invites you to come with him on top of the mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00091-00067936-00068736 he commands us to stay there the issue is that many of us make contact with God but we don't
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00092-00068736-00069424 abide in the manifested presence we don't abide in that time with him we touch and we go and we
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00093-00069424-00070016 try to treat God-like we treat everything else in our lives now please this is very dear to my heart
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00094-00070016-00070424 let's not stand up and just get up in the middle of my message because these are things that are
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00095-00070424-00070976 deep in the spirit things that god has deposited in my heart and me sharing this with you is me
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00096-00070976-00071584 opening something that's very very very important to me so we must reverence the truth here
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00097-00071784-00072584 so the holy spirit will invite us to the top and he calls us to abide there not to come and go
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00098-00072584-00073016 and that's the issue with some of our mindsets regarding the presence of god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00099-00073016-00073560 we imagine that there is this coming and this going of the presence of the holy spirit
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00100-00073560-00074136 but let me make this very clear the holy spirit does not come and go Jesus said i will send
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00101-00074136-00074792 you another he will be your advocate and he will never leave you that's what Jesus said
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00102-00075008-00075656 so when I go to this place of prayer I must understand that this is not a place that i
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00103-00075656-00076360 visit this is a place where I abide and it's in the abiding that we find the true power
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00104-00076536-00076976 when you go to the top of the mountain some of us we make the climb
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00105-00077080-00077504 we find the presence and then we leave and I'm going to show you how that looks
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00106-00077632-00078344 we come to the lord burden with mindsets burden with today's cares burden with responsibilities
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00107-00078344-00079024 frustrations with ourselves things that we see in ourselves that we just wish we didn't struggle
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00108-00079024-00079552 with and these are the things that can burden us when trying to ascend to the mountain of god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00109-00079640-00080264 he calls us to the top and as we move we're tethered to the world
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00110-00080264-00080840 by the things that distract our heart and mind how many times have you gone to pray
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00111-00080992-00081416 maybe 20 30 minutes go by and then you realize I didn't do much praying
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00112-00081768-00082400 or you begin to try to commune with god and suddenly all of the things
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00113-00082608-00083272 that were corrupt or sinful or shameful in your past begin to distract you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00114-00083896-00084248 go to Philippians 4 6-7 i want to show you something
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00115-00084944-00085584 Philippians chapter 4 I'm going to read verses 6 and 7. there's a lot packed into these two verses
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00116-00085792-00086672 Philippians 4 6 and 7 says don't worry about anything instead pray about everything tell
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00117-00086672-00087312 god what you need and thank him for all he has done then you will experience god's peace which
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00118-00087312-00087888 exceeds anything we can understand his peace will guard your hearts and minds as you live in christ
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00119-00087888-00088464 Jesus now first and foremost I want you to notice that the scripture says don't worry about anything
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00120-00088464-00089240 instead pray about everything do you realize that worry is simply the flesh is powerless counterfeit
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00121-00089240-00090072 for prayer worry is how your flesh prays and we worry because we think we're in control
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00122-00090312-00090912 you know what worry is like it's like me when I'm driving or riding in someone's car as the
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00123-00090912-00091472 passenger and they're not breaking fast enough for me and I start pressing my foot onto the floor
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00124-00091472-00091648 even though there's no there's no break there
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00125-00092040-00092416 that's what we're doing when we're wearing we're we're pressing on an imaginary break that we
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00126-00092416-00093128 don't have we're tensing because we think that somehow we're going to solve it and we imagine
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00127-00093128-00093616 that by obsessing about it long enough and hard enough that we're somehow going to solve it
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00128-00093704-00094032 worry is a useless attempt at control
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00129-00094360-00094984 worry is your flesh's counterfeit for prayer so what does the bible say don't worry
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00130-00094984-00095448 about anything now this is easier said than done like many of the things that we read in scripture
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00131-00095528-00095936 but the scripture is quite literally telling us not to worry
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00132-00095936-00096416 about anything now I don't know if I'm quite there yet
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00133-00096624-00097248 i was sitting with the man of God who told me a story about how he was in a plane crash
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00134-00097352-00097720 or so they thought they were they thought the plane was going down there was some issues with
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00135-00097720-00098432 the instruments and they woke this man up i said you have to wake up you have to wake up
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00136-00098432-00099112 we're having trouble with the plane he wakes up frustrated with him he said why did you wake me up
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00137-00099240-00099584 Jesus slept through the storm I'm gonna sleep through this
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00138-00100056-00100200 maybe one day I'll be there but
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00139-00100432-00100800 don't worry about anything pray about ever do you realize that
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00140-00100800-00101416 that when you're worried your emotions become entangled in your prayer life
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00141-00101816-00102480 worry chokes out the faith from your prayers so what does the bible say instead pray about
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00142-00102480-00103256 everything now watch this tell god what you need and thank him for all he has done then then then
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00143-00103256-00104256 then when then so this is a sequence of events stop worrying start praying tell god what you need
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00144-00104440-00105183 now here's what's interesting to me the scripture declares that God delights in every detail of our
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00145-00105183-00106128 lives yet we've been taught that when you pray for something you're demonstrating immaturity
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00146-00106368-00106728 the prayer request is probably the most
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00147-00106728-00107400 criticized form of prayer how many times have you heard quit asking God for things and just love him
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00148-00107832-00108216 why is that it's because when we come from a religious mindset
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00149-00108359-00108920 that religious mindset will cause you to forget that you're a child who belongs to god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00150-00109224-00109735 do you realize that the prayer request isn't just a distraction to prayer it's not some
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00151-00109735-00110359 lesser form of prayer sure it's more basic but that doesn't mean it's least important
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00152-00110559-00110952 i want to show you something here because this will change the way you pray and when
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00153-00110952-00111528 we're talking about going up the mountain and talking about abiding you have to understand
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00154-00111528-00111952 that in order to ascend the mountain you must disconnect from the flesh
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00155-00112176-00112608 so how do you disconnect from this body I'm not talking about a physical death
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00156-00112608-00113040 so please don't go putting these videos on youtube and just posting that section okay
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00157-00113264-00114104 I'm not talking about physical death I'm talking about disconnecting from that person who worries
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00158-00114159-00114592 taking off that shell of who you are so that you're free to be who you actually
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00159-00114592-00115192 are in the spirit now how do you do this because it can become a struggle if we're
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00160-00115192-00115880 if we're not careful and in fact we become so desperate to encounter God that that desperation
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00161-00115880-00116496 and that focus on the encounter those themselves become a distraction to actually encountering god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00162-00116728-00117408 all of these things start to cause worry but the Bible tells us here to tell God what you need and
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00163-00117408-00118032 thank him for what he's done this tells me that I can be thankful for what God has already done
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00164-00118032-00118848 while also asking him for more it is not a sin for you to ask God for help in your finances
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00165-00118983-00119383 it is not a sin for you to ask god for help with your school
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00166-00119480-00120008 or your academic pursuits it's not a sin for you to request that god help you with
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00167-00120008-00120528 the job or help you get a car or help you in your relationships or help you find a
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00168-00120528-00121056 spouse or help you be a good parent it's not a sin to make your request known to god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00169-00121335-00122352 here's the problem because the Bible gives us that sequence come burdened I like to visualize the
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00170-00122352-00123000 cares of this world like a giant backpack and I'm trying to walk up this mountain to meet with God
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00171-00123000-00123359 that backpack will make that climb very very very difficult
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00172-00123359-00123640 you can get there but it's going to take you a lot longer
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00173-00123848-00124711 and so we start to ascend that mountain worries of the world relationship issues financial issues
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00174-00124711-00125304 everything you could possibly imagine that would weigh down your mind it slows your progress now
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00175-00125304-00126183 when I make a prayer request I'm taking off the backpack and handing it to god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00176-00126320-00127152 the prayer request is the removing of the cares of the world and placing them on his shoulders
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00177-00127488-00128176 prayer request is powerful here's the issue we're filled with chaos we're filled worry
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00178-00128280-00128848 I need this I need that and God wants to meet those needs we come to him we say lord
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00179-00128848-00129248 i give these burdens to you then what happens the scripture says after you make your prayer request
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00180-00129328-00129864 then says thank him for all he has done ask him for what you need and after you that do that then
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00181-00129864-00130600 you will experience god's peace so now I give him my worry I give him my responsibilities i
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00182-00130600-00131088 give him all of those things that are on my mind and when I hand those to him then
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00183-00131176-00131736 he exchanges those things with his peace here's the problem we make the exchange
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00184-00131736-00132224 take my burdens God I'll take your peace we go oh what a great prayer session thank you Lord
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00185-00132752-00133488 please hear me peace is not the conclusion of prayer it's the beginning
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00186-00133872-00134424 you see when you receive peace it's because you took the backpack off you're starting your climb
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00187-00134424-00134856 you take it off you give him your peace or you give him your burdens he gives you his peace
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00188-00134920-00135512 the peace is not just to make you feel good the peace was given to you not just to have
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00189-00135512-00136136 you stop worrying the peace was given to you so that your climb up the mountain is easier
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00190-00136392-00136664 some of us forget to take the backpack off when we pray
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00191-00136824-00137352 God can you hear me God are you there god are you angry with me imagining that god is folding
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00192-00137352-00137784 his arms looking down at us when we approach the prayer room where were you all this week
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00193-00138248-00138568 the scripture says that a thousand years is like a day to him I don't even want to know
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00194-00138568-00139400 what one day is like to him time's irrelevant he's not standing there scowling at
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00195-00139400-00139968 you putting up with you we imagine that God is just putting up with us we some of us imagine
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00196-00139968-00140440 like he's just right there just right about there ready to cut the ties of our salvation
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00197-00140536-00141232 and then one more mistake and all he's done no no no no he's much more patient than we are sinful
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00198-00141336-00142048 he's much more forgiving than we are stubborn and so so he sees you and he welcomes you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00199-00142208-00142672 and he wants you to you see we think we think this oh lord I haven't seen you in days
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00200-00142672-00143152 i don't even want to ask you for anything so what do we do we take religion's approach and
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00201-00143152-00143712 we punish ourselves by keeping our backpack and oh lord I'm trying to find you up this mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00202-00143712-00144384 and we think that God's pleased with it when he's just saying hurry up put that down and get up here
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00203-00144608-00145064 so when I enter that piece what does the scripture say it says tell god what you need
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00204-00145136-00145600 thank him for what he's done there's the prayer request and then there's faith lord here's what
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00205-00145600-00145960 I need thank you lord because I know you're gonna do it now let's climb this mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00206-00146128-00146768 when your mind is free from distraction when you're filled with his peace prayer
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00207-00146856-00147792 is not a tedious difficult task when you're filled with his peace prayer is a flow
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00208-00148072-00148320 this is why some of us have trouble praying
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00209-00148424-00148792 because we imagine that when we go to pray we're going to have to work for the connection
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00210-00148976-00149328 we imagine I have to make up for all this lost time and what we're doing is we're
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00211-00149328-00150160 taking a religious mindset on and approaching to prayer but God wants to fill you with his peace
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00212-00150160-00150808 and that peace becomes your starting point peace precedes revelation
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00213-00151096-00151448 if my mind is so cluttered with my own thoughts and worries
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00214-00151448-00151888 I'll never allow what the holy spirit is speaking in me to become revelation
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00215-00152248-00152800 the scripture says thou wilt keep him in perfect peace whose mind is stayed on thee
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00216-00152968-00153736 verse 13 so Moses and his assistant Joshua set out and Moses climbed up the mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00217-00153736-00154576 of god I want to point out to you in fact that Moses did climb now we imagine that prayer is just
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00218-00154576-00155152 God doing what he does and while god is the one who initiates prayer god is the one who gives you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00219-00155152-00155720 the power to pray and God is the one who invites you in the first place you must do the praying
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00220-00156040-00156344 I can't tell you how many times people have asked me brother David
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00221-00156416-00157472 how do I start a prayer life I tell them just start the only way to begin praying is to begin
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00222-00157776-00158504 you see the holy spirit will give you the desire it's your part to enact the discipline
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00223-00158792-00159424 the holy spirit will give you the desire it's your part to enact the discipline
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00224-00159632-00160160 he gives you spiritual desires and by the way if you desire to pray it was the holy spirit
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00225-00160160-00160728 who gave you that desire in the first place therefore the desire to pray is itself an
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00226-00160728-00161216 invitation to prayer so when he gives me that desire it means I'm being called
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00227-00161272-00161768 when I want to pray it means I'm being called when I feel that sense to seek his face it means
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00228-00161768-00162296 he's calling me because otherwise you would not have that desire to stop listening to the
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00229-00162296-00162704 enemy who will tell you that God doesn't want to talk to you or that you shouldn't pray or
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00230-00162704-00163272 that your past disqualifies you from becoming a person of prayer if there is even the smallest
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00231-00163272-00163984 desire to pray and climb the mountain of god it means the holy spirit himself put it there
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00232-00164504-00165176 but I must climb I must set the time I must make my schedule if you're too busy to pray
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00233-00165176-00166152 you're too busy if you're too busy to pray you're too busy I can accomplish more in a prayer-filled
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00234-00166152-00166920 day than I can in a prayerless week see sometimes we think that prayer is going to cost us more time
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00235-00166920-00167552 when it's actually prayerlessness that costs us more time because then we go when we start
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00236-00167552-00168184 making decisions without the guidance of the holy spirit and we have the tendency to mess things up
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00237-00168384-00168904 don't tell me you don't have time for prayer when you're caught up on the latest Netflix series
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00238-00169136-00169520 don't tell me you don't have time for prayer when you took the latest
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00239-00169520-00169784 BuzzFeed quiz on what type of bread you are
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00240-00170576-00171104 do you realize and I know this is this is this is something that's so often talked about
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00241-00171104-00171608 especially in our generation and and and you hear so many people say it or social media taking up
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00242-00171608-00172240 so much of your time social media taking and it's true but do you realize that that at some
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00243-00172240-00172776 point you have to stop listening to just hearing that word and you have to actually start doing
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00244-00172776-00173344 something about it so you've heard that you should have a prayer life what have you done
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00245-00173680-00174240 if you have to wake up earlier wake up earlier if you have to stay up later stay up later
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00246-00174328-00175216 whatever you have to do to rearrange your life around prayer do it and I promise you this that
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00247-00175216-00175928 the one who prays walks with god and here's the thing we so often miss these things
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00248-00176200-00176880 I could see sometimes why god repented that he made man I can see why sometimes Jesus was so
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00249-00176880-00177512 frustrated people like what how long do I have to put up with you because I see so many flaws in me
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00250-00177512-00178416 I see so many mindsets that need to be broken he calls us to prayer god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00251-00178648-00179096 and the problem is we're so distracted in our living and we've heard that
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00252-00179096-00179768 before that's what's so crazy to me we've heard that and have done nothing about it
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00253-00180208-00180952 God himself is inviting us to know him to know his mind
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00254-00181280-00181424 to fellowship with him
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00255-00181656-00182440 and all too often we ignore those pleadings really they're pleadings of the holy spirit
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00256-00182936-00183776 we must climb we must set aside the time we must rearrange today we must do
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00257-00183776-00184440 everything we can to stubbornly cling to our prayer lives and sacrifice it for no one
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00258-00184560-00185056 I'm married I have a daughter but my wife and my daughter do not come before the lord
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00259-00185296-00185808 and if your marriage or your children or your anything else comes before the Lord
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00260-00185808-00185920 you're making a mistake
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00261-00186152-00186608 because the only way I can be the husband my wife needs me to be is if I'm a man of prayer
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00262-00186784-00187352 the only way I can be the father my daughter needs me to be is if I'm a man of prayer
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00263-00187696-00187840 and we make our excuses
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00264-00188088-00188216 and we go about our day
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00265-00188488-00188824 exchanging the supernatural for the mundane
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00266-00189088-00189872 exchanging the heavenly for the earthly spiritual for the secular and we do it every day
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00267-00190408-00191040 but God is looking for people who are faithful to prayer verse 14 Moses told the elders stay here
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00268-00191168-00191560 and wait for us until we come back Aaron and her are here with you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00269-00191560-00191984 if anyone has a dispute while I am gone consult with them
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00270-00192344-00192592 I really sense strongly this word is for someone
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00271-00192832-00193384 when you go to higher places not everyone can go with you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00272-00193960-00194152 I believe in divine connections yes
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00273-00194336-00194864 but I think more importantly god will often give us divine disconnections
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00274-00195504-00196184 this is a heavy word I know I know it's heavy because the holy spirit is making it heavy
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00275-00196240-00197056 but there are people who will hold you back there are people who will waste your time
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00276-00197232-00197672 and it's just the fact you say well well shouldn't we be like Jesus shouldn't we talk to everyone
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00277-00197672-00198456 who need Jesus didn't you think Jesus talked to everyone who wanted to talk to him no way
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00278-00198648-00198944 in fact he would often retreat in fact there were times when he was leaving the
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00279-00198944-00199288 town and they said lord there's still all these sorry got to go to my next assignment
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00280-00199504-00200024 now I'm not talking about being cruel or at all neglecting those
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00281-00200024-00200496 who need the gospel or who need help I'm simply talking about being intentional
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00282-00200640-00201192 Jesus comes first before all our loved ones and we must guard that time now there is a
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00283-00201192-00201952 partnership in prayer the holy spirit gives that desire I respond to that desire with discipline
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00284-00201952-00202384 I begin to dig that well I begin to seek his face this is what we all must do
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00285-00202536-00202872 and something happens there in that partnership that I want to show you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00286-00202944-00203416 and it's found in verse 15. tell me if you can see it the partnership between God and man
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00287-00203600-00204128 then Moses climbed up the mountain and the cloud covered it
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00288-00204512-00204664 I can only do the natural
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00289-00204992-00205560 and sometimes in doing the natural it can feel exhausting
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00290-00205864-00206344 but I want you to understand that whether you feel it or not
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00291-00206560-00207264 prayer is doing something please hear me when i say this it is impossible to accomplish
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00292-00207264-00207864 nothing in prayer for every moment you are praying you are changing for every
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00293-00207864-00208296 moment you are praying you are growing for every moment you are praying you are
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00294-00208296-00208904 becoming more like christ there is not a wasted moment in prayer how could it be possible
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00295-00208960-00209464 that I spend even a second in god's presence without it affecting me in some way
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00296-00209584-00210008 I think we become frustrated in this area and I can't tell you how many times I've talked to
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00297-00210008-00210504 people who said I can't overcome this sin or I can't change this thing about my character
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00298-00210504-00211144 or i'm struggling in this area and i tell them you need to seek the face of god you must get into
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00299-00211144-00211664 the place of prayer and they go back and forth and back and forth and though their prayer life
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00300-00211664-00212248 is inconsistent they expect their spiritual strength to remain consistent their prayer life
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00301-00212248-00212752 is inconsistent yet they expect their spiritual strength to remain consistent how is that possible
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00302-00212967-00213328 if your prayer life is up and down you will be up and down
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00303-00213480-00213848 if your prayer life is all over the place you will be all over the place
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00304-00213967-00214504 but when you are praying please hear me when you're standing before God and you're pleading
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00305-00214504-00214936 with him and I'm talking about truly pleading this is this is how you can overcome sin by the way
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00306-00215376-00215696 I'm not talking about oh I tried repenting no no no because sometimes
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00307-00215696-00215967 we think that feeling bad for something we did is repenting
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00308-00216104-00216576 I'm going off on somewhat of a tangent here but I really sense the leading of the holy spirit here
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00309-00216671-00217448 we begin to feel sorry for what we did and we think that apologizing to God is repentance
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00310-00217856-00218680 let me tell you how deceptive the flesh is, the flesh will lie to you you will lie to yourself
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00311-00218680-00219056 telling you you're done with that thing when really all you mean is I don't want to feel
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00312-00219056-00219456 bad for it so I'm going to apologize but at some point in the future I'll revisit it
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00313-00219840-00220432 you know how to overcome that you get on your face before God because until you are so sick of
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00314-00220432-00221208 your sin that your face is pressed in that floor until you are so frustrated with your sin that
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00315-00221208-00221864 that you're crying tears begging god to change it in you it's really not going to change now
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00316-00221864-00222328 I'm not talking about trying to convince God to do anything I'm talking about the death of the flesh
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00317-00222392-00222808 because persistent prayer as I've said before is not convincing God to do anything he's working
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00318-00222808-00223488 with you when you go before God and you say holy spirit I can't stand this thing in me
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00319-00223712-00224408 holy spirit you're gonna have to help me I'm talking about really going to the deep places
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00320-00224408-00225064 of groaning that's the kind of prayer that liberates and you may sense nothing in that moment
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00321-00225232-00225744 you may be praying and you look around and it's the same plain ordinary settings of your room
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00322-00225967-00226632 and you sense nothing changing you sense no presence you sense no power I'm here to remind you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00323-00226632-00226984 that prayer still works whether you feel it or not
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00324-00227360-00227976 please hear me because it may take a couple of weeks it may take a few months but if
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00325-00227976-00228816 you're on your face before God every day saying lord change me lord transform me
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00326-00228896-00229336 lord set me free something is going to happen in you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00327-00229592-00230080 you know why people don't pray because they don't believe prayer works let's just be real
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00328-00230304-00230792 the only reason some people don't pray is because they don't actually believe that it works
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00329-00231104-00231680 but when I go before god something is happening and there's a partnership here Moses climbed
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00330-00231680-00232096 the cloud covered all you can do is your part and that's all we could ever do
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00331-00232176-00232552 everything that has ever been done that's supernatural in the scripture began as a
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00332-00232552-00233152 command to man and became a fulfillment of god's power through his promise it's all partnership
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00333-00233208-00233840 I preached the gospel what is what a strange thing that I stand up there and preach the gospel
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00334-00233912-00234367 I tell them a story of god and I tell them about what the bible says and that god through
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00335-00234367-00234919 that transforms the heart what a strange thing that I place my hand on your head
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00336-00235184-00235504 in order to pray that God heal you who thought of that
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00337-00235760-00236464 that's the lord's mind that all I have to do I place my hand on your head
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00338-00236592-00237656 I mean many of us know I mean we know we're only flesh why does that do anything it's the faith
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00339-00237880-00238184 it's the partnership
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00340-00238552-00239328 we stand here they play some music we do this with our hands for some reason no really think about
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00341-00239328-00240016 it this is where my mind goes with these things we vocally project hopefully in the proper key
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00342-00240288-00240480 and suddenly the room changes
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00343-00240888-00241248 you get on your face before god you start praying for your family
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00344-00241344-00241880 you're sitting there in your room on your knees by your bed and you're saying these
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00345-00241880-00242752 words seemingly to the air and suddenly their hearts become soft into the gospel
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00346-00243056-00243712 i'll tell you we have the easy part that's why that's why all he asks of us is faith because
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00347-00243712-00244080 we have the easy part and even then we still sometimes mess it up
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00348-00244256-00244640 he says believe just do what I say Lord how about how do I over just do what I say
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00349-00244864-00245376 that's the power of prayer that's the power of partnership with god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00350-00245600-00246328 verse 16 and the glory of the Lord settled down on mount Sinai and the cloud covered it
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00351-00246328-00246767 for six days on the seventh day the lord called to Moses from inside the cloud
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00352-00246880-00247296 here is that royal invitation no one else being allowed it's you and god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00353-00247296-00247656 the invitation has been sent to all believers but few of them actually
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00354-00247656-00248464 respond verse 17 to the Israelites at the foot of the mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00355-00248584-00248944 the glory of the Lord appeared at the summit like a consuming fire
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00356-00249071-00250016 I love this I love this I love this I love this verse 18 then Moses disappeared into the cloud
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00357-00250184-00250952 as he climbed higher up the mountain he remained on the mountain 40 days and 40 nights
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00358-00251119-00251760 now pastor Vlad you know me better than most people do we're
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00359-00251760-00252071 we're close and we're I'd say year by year will becoming closer and closer
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00360-00252167-00252623 do I strike you as the kind of guy who would go to the mountains in camp
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00361-00253016-00253144 he said no and that's correct
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00362-00253367-00253719 my idea of camping is going out into the woods
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00363-00253719-00254048 nature and then going back to my cabin to sleep at night
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00364-00254336-00255167 that's my idea of camping I'm not I don't know we spent years and generations as a civilization
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00365-00255232-00255623 to try to get indoors and people decide to go outdoors it just doesn't make sense to me
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00366-00255719-00256216 all of this progress we've made it's the human race to have inside air condition
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00367-00256216-00256512 and all that and we want to go back out there like no that was where they suffered
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00368-00256904-00257256 I'm not I would never call myself like a mountain man type guy
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00369-00257504-00257784 but I want to be a man of the mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00370-00257992-00258288 I want to be a person who ascends
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00371-00258519-00258864 are you people of the mountain because the question is important
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00372-00259096-00259792 am I someone of the mountaintop because people of the mountain disappear in God
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00373-00260040-00260584 people of the mountain are friends with him think about the covenant he gives us
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00374-00260760-00261352 your battles are my battles my resources are your resources your enemies are my enemies
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00375-00261576-00262416 covenant with God friendship you know why so many things I mean there are so many times I can look
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00376-00262416-00263136 in my life and say that went so perfectly right and I know it has nothing to do with me anything
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00377-00263136-00264056 you see that needs work in me give me grace anything you see that works give God glory because
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00378-00264056-00264952 God doesn't move because of me I promise you, he moves in my life despite me what's he looking for
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00379-00264952-00265592 he's looking for someone who comes to the mountain Moses wasn't perfect but he had the ear of God
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00380-00265816-00266080 because he was a man who would talk to him face to face
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00381-00266152-00266416 you know you know I pray some of the strangest prayers
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00382-00266696-00267104 when things aren't going right I don't it's not even my problem when things start
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00383-00267104-00267424 doing this in the ministry you know it's a rollercoaster sometimes you're up sometimes
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00384-00267424-00267800 you know when things start going down as would be perceived in the natural realm
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00385-00267800-00268160 I just say to god I go Lord I'm not going to that's your problem
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00386-00268160-00268984 I say lord if anything happens to this ministry what are they going to think about you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00387-00269304-00269800 you say that's bolt he's my friend now does that mean I have no reference for god no
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00388-00269800-00270240 I promise you there are times that his glory manifests so so intensely I'm
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00389-00270240-00270624 frightened and I'm on my face before him but you know that exact prayer is in the psalms
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00390-00270936-00271176 if my enemy should defeat me Lord what does that say about you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00391-00271304-00271808 it's not a disrespectful saying to god what it is it's saying god this is on you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00392-00271912-00272168 you know why I could say that because I'm a friend of god
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00393-00272344-00273088 he's my friend but no really think about that what that means people come against me all the
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00394-00273088-00273736 time you should go look up some of these wonderful videos they make on me I mean I talk with my
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00395-00273736-00274120 hands and every now and then I make a triangle with my hands and suddenly I'm in the Illuminati
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00396-00274384-00274976 I'm serious I do this and they go oh they think like the devil owns triangles or something
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00397-00275208-00276048 and I'm saying people come against me I say Lord bless them you do your will in their life that's
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00398-00276048-00276640 what blessing means may the will of God be done you're just lord I'm leaving that to you sometimes
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00399-00276640-00277016 the team will come to me [ __ ] here's an issue we're dealing with this is a problem I said okay
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00400-00277096-00277568 and I just leave it to God i i would if it wasn't for the lord you may look at this ministry
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00401-00277568-00278088 and say oh wow god uses it and god anoints that ministry can I just be real with you if it wasn't
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00402-00278088-00278536 for the presence of the holy spirit me personally I'd be a million broken pieces on the floor
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00403-00278648-00279040 the reason God uses me is because because I gave him my weakness
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00404-00279152-00279624 I had nothing but weakness nothing but weakness pastor Vlad I've heard
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00405-00279624-00280184 you talk about this some of those things those insecurities it really is I give you my nothing
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00406-00280352-00281000 but I'm a friend of God I'm a person who climbs that mountain why do things seem for some people
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00407-00281000-00281584 to just be the right thing at the right time under the right their people of the mountain
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00408-00281936-00282648 now Moses on the mountaintop received instruction for the people down in the valley
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00409-00282880-00283544 when you're a person of the mountain god assigns you to help the people in the valley
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00410-00283672-00284096 if you don't go to the mountaintop what will you have to say
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00411-00284160-00284744 to the people in the valley Moses went he met with god what if he came back with no instructions
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00412-00284976-00285488 think about the time that Peter James and john follow Jesus to the mount of transfiguration
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00413-00285488-00285856 they see the glory of the lord they come back down the mountain to some
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00414-00285856-00286136 disciples trying to cast out a demon and they can't do it
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00415-00286336-00287184 do you know why because only those who spend time on the mountain can cast out demons in the valley
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00416-00287384-00287712 valley problems require mountaintop solutions
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00417-00288024-00288408 there's a lot of talk about privilege today privilege privilege privilege
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00418-00288544-00288696 I'm here to say embrace your privilege
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00419-00288912-00289344 embrace your privilege there is no greater privilege than knowing Jesus
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00420-00289472-00289984 there is no greater advantage in life than the presence of the holy spirit in me
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00421-00290152-00291000 no please hear me nothing can keep you down when the presence of the holy spirit abides in you
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00422-00291080-00291616 when you're a person of the mountain it's the ultimate advantage in life
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00423-00291864-00292256 and all God requires is that you ascend are you hearing me tonight church
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00424-00292632-00293440 what can anyone do to you no really if God is for me who
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00425-00293744-00294368 who I dare them who can be against me
ZkcGFz6t5qY-00426-00294728-00295320 you know where that confidence comes from that faith that power time with him
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00000-00001364-00002656 Prasoon Joshi: Sadhguru, why is death always portrayed as dark, sinister? Why is there heaviness?
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00001-00002656-00003400 Why is so much fear attached to it? If you look at mostly the civilizations, ancient civilizations,
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00002-00003400-00004056 all have some sort of heaviness and even the symbols if you see - Yamaraj as a symbol if you see
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00003-00004056-00005078 or you see the grim reaper - you see there is some heaviness, and darkness, and certain kind of imagery
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00004-00005078-00005894 which comes with death. Why is it so Sadhguru?
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00005-00005894-00006858 Sadhguru: If we look at how we have perceived and portrayed death in this part of the world,
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00006-00006858-00007902 you will see that death is not seen as sinister but the dark patch of the death is for the living
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00007-00007902-00008772 that there is a loss. Loss is always a dark thing  whether it’s small things or big things.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00008-00008772-00009130 People break down when they lose something that’s precious to them.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00009-00009130-00009664 It could be things, it could be people,  it could be many things, you know.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00010-00009664-00010552 So the darkness is only concerned with the living about the death but the death itself,
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00011-00010552-00011220 in this culture particularly, always been  portrayed as a grand event.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00012-00011220-00012050 It's only now that Indians are imitating the West and walking with faces held down otherwise
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00013-00012050-00012776 even today it is there - when people die we wear white clothes not dark clothes.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00014-00012776-00013480 There is a certain science behind that, I will look at that later. Above all there are wonderful stories.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00015-00013480-00014141 The legend goes like this. Shiva is always waiting at the Mahashmashana.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00016-00014141-00014941 He’s made that his ear… abode because he’s waiting. And every time somebody dies he dances in
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00017-00014941-00015566 celebration. What kind of a pervert can he be (Laughter)
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00018-00015566-00016276 that somebody dear to me is dead and he  will dance and celebrate?
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00019-00016276-00017082 Let's look at the fundamental aspect of what life is because they’re not two different things.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00020-00017082-00017812 What we call as life right now in the experience of most human beings is just
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00021-00017812-00018274 the body that they have accumulated and a certain amount of thought and emotion
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00022-00018274-00018598 that they have accumulated around themselves.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00023-00018598-00019334 It's very clear to any human being who pays a little attention to the nature of his life
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00024-00019334-00020294 that he can clearly see that body is an accumulation, the psychological structure is also an accumulation.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00025-00020294-00021326 Now, beyond these things there is life. So what you call as life is… when you were children,
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00026-00021326-00022396 I’m sure you definitely did blow some soap bubbles. When you blew a soap bubble, the bubble was real
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00027-00022396-00022890 but what was inside the bubble is just the  atmosphere all over.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00028-00022890-00023638 When the bubble burst, one drop of the soap water fell on the floor, rest of the…
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00029-00023638-00024160 the whole content of the bubble where it went, you can never see because it's just
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00030-00024160-00024878 never was because it's just a part of everything.  This is the nature of life.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00031-00024878-00025916 The whole cosmos is a living mass of life. You built a bubble, when the bubble burst and for those,
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00032-00025916-00026695 if somebody has a perspective of the other aspect or the other side…
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00033-00026695-00027360 Let's look at life and death like this, you’re on this side of the wall, somebody else is other side of the wall.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00034-00027360-00028214 When the bubble burst and this air which was…or this life which was trapped in this bubble became released
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00035-00028214-00028885 and what's happening on the other side is way bigger than what can happen within the trap of physicality.
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00036-00028885-00029416 So he is laughing, singing, and dancing  because one life got released
ZnMXa7_ziD8-00037-00029416-00029938 from the mortal coil as it has always been described.
-19t9M9pcIY-00000-00000057-00000513 In this tutorial, we're going learn the basics of working with numbers variables. Now when
-19t9M9pcIY-00001-00000513-00000991 you work with variables, it is always a three step process. Create your variable. Create
-19t9M9pcIY-00002-00000991-00001528 a trigger that adjusts the value of the variable. And then create a trigger that uses the value
-19t9M9pcIY-00003-00001528-00001992 of that variable to do something. In this particular example, we created a variable
-19t9M9pcIY-00004-00001992-00002572 that we called CountClicks. And what we want to do is count the number of times I'm making
-19t9M9pcIY-00005-00002572-00003265 a wrong choice. After the third attempt to answer the question, I want give you some
-19t9M9pcIY-00006-00003265-00003770 feedback. So in this particular example, we have four objects. And I can click on one
-19t9M9pcIY-00007-00003770-00004198 of these objects. Now this is obviously the right one, so we won't click on that. So when
-19t9M9pcIY-00008-00004198-00004898 I click on a wrong one, I’m going to add one to my CountClicks variable. I can click
-19t9M9pcIY-00009-00004912-00005560 on it again and it adds another one. So now CountClicks is equal to two. And I can come
-19t9M9pcIY-00010-00005560-00006235 down here and click on one of these and CountClicks is now going to become three. And I can see
-19t9M9pcIY-00011-00006235-00006909 I get my feedback layer. And then down here I have two triggers. One is that I hide this
-19t9M9pcIY-00012-00006909-00007461 layer so it wipes out this information. And the other thing is I have a trigger on here
-19t9M9pcIY-00013-00007461-00008215 that adjusts the variable and changes it back to zero. So when I do that, it resets CountClicks
-19t9M9pcIY-00014-00008217-00008917 and now I can click, click, click and it’s back at three. So let's see how this is built.
-19t9M9pcIY-00015-00008985-00009454 What we have is our starter slide and you should have this in the downloads. So go ahead
-19t9M9pcIY-00016-00009454-00009999 and open it up. And we've got our objects here. We’ve got our feedback layer. So all
-19t9M9pcIY-00017-00009999-00010543 that stuff is ready for you to go. Now it's just a matter of putting it all together.
-19t9M9pcIY-00018-00010543-00011006 So the first thing we need to do is create a variable. So go up here to the variables
-19t9M9pcIY-00019-00011006-00011567 box. Click on that. We already have a CountClicks variable. So let's just go ahead and we'll
-19t9M9pcIY-00020-00011567-00012174 create one called CountThree. So I'm going to create a variable. I can title the variable
-19t9M9pcIY-00021-00012174-00012770 whatever I want. I'm just going to call this CountThree. So now I know I'm counting three
-19t9M9pcIY-00022-00012770-00013262 clicks. Or let's say CountThreeClicks. And I like to separate the words with capital
-19t9M9pcIY-00023-00013262-00013701 letters but you can do whatever you want to with your variables. So CountThreeClicks.
-19t9M9pcIY-00024-00013701-00014071 So now I know what this is doing. It is a good way to title your variables. So you understand
-19t9M9pcIY-00025-00014071-00014596 what they are. Now in this case it's going to be a number variable and the starting value
-19t9M9pcIY-00026-00014596-00015190 zero. So we hit OK. So now we can see we have a CountThreeClicks variable and the default
-19t9M9pcIY-00027-00015190-00015752 value is zero. Lets' go ahead and hit OK. Now, here's a tip when you're working with
-19t9M9pcIY-00028-00015752-00016169 variables. Because sometimes you're not sure if things are working right and you're not
-19t9M9pcIY-00029-00016169-00016765 quite sure what the variable is currently set at. What you can do is insert a text box.
-19t9M9pcIY-00030-00016765-00017328 And we'll just insert it up here in the corner. And then we'll insert a reference to the variable
-19t9M9pcIY-00031-00017328-00017887 so we always see what the variable's current value is. So just go to Insert and over here
-19t9M9pcIY-00032-00017887-00018442 you see Reference. And then you can select your variable. So we'll choose CountThreeClicks.
-19t9M9pcIY-00033-00018442-00019142 And the easy thing to do is just do %the name of the variable%. So now if we preview this,
-19t9M9pcIY-00034-00019147-00019654 it is going to show us that it's currently at zero. So I just do that so I always know
-19t9M9pcIY-00035-00019654-00020045 what the value is. And then when I'm ready to publish the course, I delete all that stuff.
-19t9M9pcIY-00036-00020045-00020538 So let's go ahead and close that. And now let's create our first trigger. So the first
-19t9M9pcIY-00037-00020538-00021093 thing we want to do is have a trigger that adjusts the value of the variable when I click
-19t9M9pcIY-00038-00021093-00021518 on a wrong object. So this is a wrong object here. So let's select that. Now I want to
-19t9M9pcIY-00039-00021518-00022218 add a trigger. What do I want to do? When do I want to do it? I want to adjust variable.
-19t9M9pcIY-00040-00022430-00023096 So it's down here in the more section. I select my variable. In this case, CountThreeClicks.
-19t9M9pcIY-00041-00023096-00023513 And then what do I want to do? I want to add, and you can see you've got other options here.
-19t9M9pcIY-00042-00023513-00024326 So I want to add the value. So we'll choose our value here. And we'll say 1, when the
-19t9M9pcIY-00043-00024326-00024850 user clicks on the flashlight. So if we read the variable. Adjust the variable CountClicks.
-19t9M9pcIY-00044-00024850-00025332 We're going to add one when the user clicks on the flashlight. Let’s go ahead and hit
-19t9M9pcIY-00045-00025332-00025879 OK. And let's preview this and see what happens. When I click on this, we should see this go
-19t9M9pcIY-00046-00025879-00026613 up by one. Click. Click. Click. Click Click. You can see it just keeps going up. So the
-19t9M9pcIY-00047-00026614-00027154 variable just keeps changing. Now I can use this value of the variable to do something.
-19t9M9pcIY-00048-00027154-00027668 So in this case, we're going to say, if you click on the wrong object three times, we
-19t9M9pcIY-00049-00027668-00028310 want to display a feedback layer. So let's do is first. Let’s take the trigger we created
-19t9M9pcIY-00050-00028310-00028823 here and apply to the other two objects. Because these are also wrong objects. So again, the
-19t9M9pcIY-00051-00028823-00029326 nice thing with Storyline is that I can select a trigger, copy it and then I'm going to select
-19t9M9pcIY-00052-00029326-00029819 these two objects. And them I'm just going to paste it. And so you can see that I don't
-19t9M9pcIY-00053-00029819-00030439 even have to do anything unless I wanted to adjust the numbers. So now if we preview this,
-19t9M9pcIY-00054-00030439-00031035 we should see that they all can adjust the value of variable. So that's all working right.
-19t9M9pcIY-00055-00031035-00031566 So the triggers are working right. Now what we want to do is create another trigger. In
-19t9M9pcIY-00056-00031566-00032377 this case, the trigger is going to be show this feedback layer, which is Try again. We
-19t9M9pcIY-00057-00032385-00032932 want to show that when the value of that variable is equal to 3. So let's go ahead and create
-19t9M9pcIY-00058-00032932-00033560 a trigger. What do I want to do? When do I want to do it? I want to show a layer. So
-19t9M9pcIY-00059-00033560-00034260 I select my layer. Try again. And when do I want to show that layer? I want to show
-19t9M9pcIY-00060-00034306-00035184 that layer when a variable changes. So let's select my variable, CountThreeClicks. And
-19t9M9pcIY-00061-00035189-00035769 now I need to have my conditions. So what's the condition for that change? So we're going
-19t9M9pcIY-00062-00035769-00036799 to add a condition. So the variable, so if CountThreeClicks is equal to the value of
-19t9M9pcIY-00063-00036813-00037677 3. So if we look at it, we want to show the  layer Try again when the variable changes.
-19t9M9pcIY-00064-00037684-00038360 So CountThree is our variable. When CountThree is equal to 3. So hit OK. So now let's go
-19t9M9pcIY-00065-00038360-00039060 ahead and preview this slide. Now we're counting clicks. There’s one. There’s two. When
-19t9M9pcIY-00066-00039113-00039654 we hit three it should show that layer. And there you go. And so everything's working.
-19t9M9pcIY-00067-00039654-00040210 No we're going to allow them to try again. So we're going to put an option here to close this
-19t9M9pcIY-00068-00040210-00040713 out. So let's go to Try again. We're going to put a trigger on this little X here. Let's
-19t9M9pcIY-00069-00040714-00041236 go ahead and add a trigger. What do I want to do? When do I want to do it? I want to hide
-19t9M9pcIY-00070-00041250-00042144 this layer, when the user clicks on this object. So let’s preview this. Count. There's one.
-19t9M9pcIY-00071-00042251-00042905 There's two. There's three. I can let you try again. I want to hide the layer. I can
-19t9M9pcIY-00072-00042905-00043484 click. Oh, you know what's going to happen? This is never going back to zero. So it's
-19t9M9pcIY-00073-00043484-00044056 always going to keep going up and I'll never get that feedback layer again. So let's go
-19t9M9pcIY-00074-00044056-00044496 ahead and clear out the value of the variables. So let's close the preview. So we come back
-19t9M9pcIY-00075-00044496-00044996 here. What do we want to do? We want that value of that variable to be reset or go
-19t9M9pcIY-00076-00044996-00045438 back to zero when we click on this button. So let's go ahead and create a trigger. What
-19t9M9pcIY-00077-00045438-00045875 do I want to do? When do I want to do it? If you're not quite sure. Just talk
-19t9M9pcIY-00078-00045875-00046321 through the triggers and it will all kind of start to make sense. Because the options
-19t9M9pcIY-00079-00046321-00046701 are what do I want to do. So I can click the drop-down and look at all the different things
-19t9M9pcIY-00080-00046701-00047401 I can do. And then 'Whens', when can I do those things? So you really can look at these things.
-19t9M9pcIY-00081-00047444-00048028 So let’s do this. So what do I want to do? I want to adjust the variable. So it's just
-19t9M9pcIY-00082-00048028-00048860 like we did at the first step. Choose my variable, CountThreeClicks. What I want to do is...hmmm,
-19t9M9pcIY-00083-00048861-00049441 let's figure this out. I want to adjust the variable. So what do I want to do? I could
-19t9M9pcIY-00084-00049441-00050265 do minus 3 because I know it's going to be at three. So I can do value, subtract three
-19t9M9pcIY-00085-00050274-00051096 and that will take it to zero when the user clicks on that object. And that would work.
-19t9M9pcIY-00086-00051097-00051763 Let's think if there are some other ways? So I could, let's see, adjust variables. I
-19t9M9pcIY-00087-00051763-00052591 can create an assignment and set the value to zero. Lets see if that works Lets go ahead
-19t9M9pcIY-00088-00052591-00053740 and hit OK. And let's preview this and see what happens. 1, 2, 3. Click on it. It set
-19t9M9pcIY-00089-00053752-00054333 it back to zero. So either way would have worked. I could've assigned a static value
-19t9M9pcIY-00090-00054333-00054824 which is what we did. So I know it's always going go to zero. Or because I knew was at three,
-19t9M9pcIY-00091-00054824-00055276 I could subtract three. The point here is, that even if you don't know everything you
-19t9M9pcIY-00092-00055276-00055832 can do, just talk through the trigger. What do I want to do? When do I want to do it?
-19t9M9pcIY-00093-00055832-00056264 And then look at your 'What' options and look at your 'When' options. And you can kind of
-19t9M9pcIY-00094-00056264-00056775 work through it. And this is where the reference point really comes in handy. So you've got
-19t9M9pcIY-00095-00056775-00057182 this reference here so you can always see what the value of the variable is. This way
-19t9M9pcIY-00096-00057182-00057704 if you're trying to troubleshoot, you can first make sure all your variables are changing.
-19t9M9pcIY-00097-00057704-00058220 And then you can try to figure out why things aren't working the way you want them to work.
-19t9M9pcIY-00098-00058220-00058700 And then when you're done, instead of deleting that, because you may need that again, you
-19t9M9pcIY-00099-00058700-00059207 could either move it off slide or you can just go to your timeline. And then you can
-19t9M9pcIY-00100-00059207-00059702 just hide that and then it's not visible. And of course, you want to get in the habit
-19t9M9pcIY-00101-00059702-00060216 of titling those things. So you may want to title this as a variable reference. That's
-19t9M9pcIY-00102-00060216-00060776 basically it. So again, when you work with variables create the variable. It’s just
-19t9M9pcIY-00103-00060776-00061308 an empty bucket. So it doesn't matter what you name it. Just create the variable and
-19t9M9pcIY-00104-00061308-00061782 then create a trigger that adjusts the value the variable. And then create a trigger that,
-19t9M9pcIY-00105-00061782-00062164 based on the value of the variable, you can do other things. In this case, we showed a
-19t9M9pcIY-00106-00062164-00062649 layer. But there are other things that you can do as well. Now it's just a matter of you 
-19t9M9pcIY-00107-00062649-00063075 practicing this activity, finding a reason to use variables and then applying it to your
-19t9M9pcIY-00108-00063075-00063188 next e-learning course.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00000-00000829-00000989 Good evening everybody.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00001-00000989-00001438 I'm still Larry Mason, former college professor for eight years and a computer system administrator
-1qe1WA9LPU-00002-00001438-00001563 for 30 years.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00003-00001563-00002011 I am continuously very obligated to Michael Shanklin and all those who help him bring
-1qe1WA9LPU-00004-00002011-00002258 you the Voluntary Virtues Network.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00005-00002258-00002550 Without his generosity you would not be hearing my voice.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00006-00002550-00003034 I enjoy lecturing as much as any professor but it will be more fun soon when we move
-1qe1WA9LPU-00007-00003034-00003431 to live shows, so my listeners can ask questions and correct my errors.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00008-00003431-00003827 However we must make do with these pre-recorded lectures for now.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00009-00003827-00004273 This speech is the eleventh in the "Invisible Hand" series of talks, all of which involve
-1qe1WA9LPU-00010-00004273-00004428 money in one way or another.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00011-00004428-00004893 "Invisible Hand" is also the name of the novel which I hope this series of talks will inspire
-1qe1WA9LPU-00012-00004893-00005210 you to read, if you have not already done so.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00013-00005210-00005599 Reading or listening to it will cost you only time, since it is freely available on the
-1qe1WA9LPU-00014-00005599-00006060 internet in both text and MP3 formats at NOPOMSTUFF.INFO.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00015-00006060-00006612 Or, if you're willing to spend a buck on Amazon, you can download the novel to your Kindle.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00016-00006612-00006830 End of commercial message.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00017-00006830-00007141 Tonight's main theme is about jobs and employment.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00018-00007141-00007504 As background for this presentation I will provide a brief summary of the conclusions
-1qe1WA9LPU-00019-00007504-00007949 of the first presentation in this "Invisible Hand" series which examined the physical object
-1qe1WA9LPU-00020-00007949-00008373 nature of our money and some of the unfortunate consequences of that nature.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00021-00008373-00008818 I will be concise so if you have already seen one or more of the earlier presentations don't
-1qe1WA9LPU-00022-00008818-00009070 worry, this review won't take long.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00023-00009070-00009593 All money in history (and pre-history) has been considered to be or to represent physical
-1qe1WA9LPU-00024-00009593-00010111 objects such as a basket of grain, a cow, a coin, or a paper bill.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00025-00010111-00010519 Today most money is in computer accounts and though it zips around the world from account
-1qe1WA9LPU-00026-00010519-00011028 to account at almost the speed of light, it still is treated as if it were a physical
-1qe1WA9LPU-00027-00011028-00011212 object of some sort.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00028-00011212-00011711 Because we treat money as if it were a physical object, anything which is true of physical
-1qe1WA9LPU-00029-00011711-00012065 objects in general will also be true of money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00030-00012065-00012496 This obvious point is ignored by economists and others who talk and write about money
-1qe1WA9LPU-00031-00012496-00012865 even though it is the most important truth about money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00032-00012865-00013299 The importance of the physical object nature of money cannot be overstated.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00033-00013299-00013712 What follows are some of the consequences of that physical object nature.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00034-00013712-00014194 First, money is like other physical objects in that it can be taken from its owner against
-1qe1WA9LPU-00035-00014194-00014825 that owner's will; by force, fraud, or stealth and it can also be lost or destroyed.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00036-00014825-00015236 This means that you need to suspect almost everyone of trying to get your money by fair
-1qe1WA9LPU-00037-00015236-00015415 means or foul.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00038-00015415-00015988 Second, money must be amoral because all inanimate physical objects are amoral.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00039-00015988-00016439 Even animals are amoral, in that they have neither an ethical sense nor morality, especially
-1qe1WA9LPU-00040-00016439-00016680 when they are used as commodity money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00041-00016680-00017090 You can use your physical object money for anything, good or bad.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00042-00017090-00017584 Third, the money supply is independent of the supply of goods and services for sale
-1qe1WA9LPU-00043-00017584-00018136 because the supply of one physical object is independent of the supply of other objects.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00044-00018136-00018737 Fourth, money falsely simulates a zero-sum game in monetary transactions because the
-1qe1WA9LPU-00045-00018737-00019217 money gained by one party must be lost by some other party or parties.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00046-00019217-00019624 Money makes us think that other people can gain money at our expense and that we can
-1qe1WA9LPU-00047-00019624-00019921 only gain money at their expense.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00048-00019921-00020428 It makes us treat others as if they were competitors, rivals, opponents, or even enemies.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00049-00020428-00020939 Fifth, money is almost impossible for a society or nation to control.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00050-00020939-00021533 In every nation that attempts to limit, regulate, or tax trade a black market comes to exist;
-1qe1WA9LPU-00051-00021533-00021849 and organized crime flourishes in all nations.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00052-00021849-00022300 Sixth, money transactions are two-party interactions.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00053-00022300-00022718 Two-party interaction is inherently unstable because if one party gets an advantage in
-1qe1WA9LPU-00054-00022718-00023231 power such as having more money, the stronger party can use that power to gain still more
-1qe1WA9LPU-00055-00023231-00023351 advantages.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00056-00023351-00023590 This is particularly true of money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00057-00023590-00023901 The old saying "them as has, gets" is true.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00058-00023901-00024301 Possession of money does make getting more money quite a lot easier.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00059-00024301-00024775 Naturally, the weaker party in such two-party interaction will eventually want to end the
-1qe1WA9LPU-00060-00024775-00024875 interaction.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00061-00024875-00025183 Thus the relationship is unstable.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00062-00025183-00025656 Keeping that review in mind, let's consider jobs.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00063-00025656-00026245 For our purposes in this presentation we will consider work done for pay to be a job.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00064-00026245-00026440 Volunteer work is not a job.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00065-00026440-00026719 Doing chores around the house is not a job.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00066-00026719-00027169 Just because it's "your job" to do so and so does not mean that you have a job doing
-1qe1WA9LPU-00067-00027169-00027311 so and so.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00068-00027311-00027720 With a job there is an employer and at least one employee.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00069-00027720-00028210 There are a variety of ways one can be paid: One can be paid in currency or by direct deposit
-1qe1WA9LPU-00070-00028210-00028381 to one's bank account.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00071-00028381-00028735 One can have part of ones one's pay exist in the form of health insurance, use of a
-1qe1WA9LPU-00072-00028735-00029120 company car, a country club membership, or some other "perks".
-1qe1WA9LPU-00073-00029120-00029422 One can also be paid a bonus and/or commission.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00074-00029422-00029928 But no matter how the money is conveyed, the basic idea is that the employer pays and the
-1qe1WA9LPU-00075-00029928-00030269 employee complies with what the employer asks.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00076-00030269-00030712 The golden rule is that "he who provides the gold makes the rules".
-1qe1WA9LPU-00077-00030712-00031191 Yes, there are government regulations, and even labor unions in some cases.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00078-00031191-00031649 But the employer/employee relationship is basically the same: one pays and the other
-1qe1WA9LPU-00079-00031649-00031803 obeys.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00080-00031803-00032089 Long ago, almost no one had a job.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00081-00032089-00032500 Jobs did not come about until the advent of commodity money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00082-00032500-00032862 The relationship between workers has never been the same since then.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00083-00032862-00033413 Yes, people did work 10,000 years ago, but if they worked with someone else they were
-1qe1WA9LPU-00084-00033413-00033557 merely cooperating.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00085-00033557-00034013 Picture a barn-raising from 1820 (or in today's Amish community!).
-1qe1WA9LPU-00086-00034013-00034393 The neighbors would all get together, each bringing tools and perhaps some lumber, nails,
-1qe1WA9LPU-00087-00034393-00034533 screws, or other hardware.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00088-00034533-00034976 The women would bring food to prepare for meals and take care of the kids.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00089-00034976-00035427 The kids would have chores caring for the draft animals and helping the men.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00090-00035427-00035863 The men would cooperate and organize themselves to perform the various tasks involved in erecting
-1qe1WA9LPU-00091-00035863-00035988 the barn.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00092-00035988-00036344 Those with more knowledge and experience of building would instruct others, and at the
-1qe1WA9LPU-00093-00036344-00036763 end of the day there would be a feast, a bonfire, singing, dancing, and lots of good will.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00094-00036763-00037284 The barn owner did not pay anyone for their help -- and everyone would have been insulted
-1qe1WA9LPU-00095-00037284-00037484 if he had attempted to do so.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00096-00037484-00037893 Naturally, when lightning set fire to one of the other farmer's barns; the new barn
-1qe1WA9LPU-00097-00037893-00038430 owner would be among the first to volunteer his help to raise a new barn for that neighbor.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00098-00038430-00038884 Note that there were tasks, chores, "jobs" to do, and work to be done, but there was
-1qe1WA9LPU-00099-00038884-00039196 no employer and no employee.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00100-00039196-00039512 That used to be how all the work in the community got done.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00101-00039512-00039906 But, of course, that was before money developed.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00102-00039906-00040359 The sharing of needed labor, especially when a neighbor was in need, was how the community
-1qe1WA9LPU-00103-00040359-00040659 provided a form of insurance to its members.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00104-00040659-00041108 But look what happens when work is done for pay from an employer.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00105-00041108-00041487 Remember those consequences of physical object money, or POM?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00106-00041487-00041846 Let's start with that false simulation of a zero-sum game.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00107-00041846-00042428 Remember that consequence turns participants in a money transaction into opponents or rivals;
-1qe1WA9LPU-00108-00042428-00042900 so the employer wants to give up as little money as possible, to get as much work as
-1qe1WA9LPU-00109-00042900-00043017 possible.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00110-00043017-00043521 The employee wants to get as much money as possible for as little work as possible.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00111-00043521-00043928 Oh, yes: I hear you say that you would never do such a thing.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00112-00043928-00044455 And of course, neither you nor I would shirk our work or pay less than an employee deserved
-1qe1WA9LPU-00113-00044455-00044764 just to satisfy our greedy natures.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00114-00044764-00045186 But there are countless others, some with control of large amounts of money, who would
-1qe1WA9LPU-00115-00045186-00045631 happily underpay or do as little work as they can get away with.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00116-00045631-00046024 Then there's that consequence of two-party interaction which tends to increase the power
-1qe1WA9LPU-00117-00046024-00046333 of the strong and reduce the power of the weak.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00118-00046333-00046855 In an employer/employee situation, especially in a large corporation, which party is likely
-1qe1WA9LPU-00119-00046855-00047127 to gain power and which lose power?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00120-00047127-00047634 You may have noticed that since the peak of union power shortly after WWII the power of
-1qe1WA9LPU-00121-00047634-00048148 the corporation has grown and the power of the unions has shrunk, with the last 30 years
-1qe1WA9LPU-00122-00048148-00048592 of pay for the middle class stagnating along with the reduction of benefits and pensions
-1qe1WA9LPU-00123-00048592-00048746 for the middle class.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00124-00048746-00049341 There has been a corresponding increase in pay and perks for those at the top.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00125-00049341-00049787 If I had made this presentation 50 years ago I would have pointed out all the waste and
-1qe1WA9LPU-00126-00049787-00050156 destruction that resulted from the conflict of labor and management.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00127-00050156-00050451 There's no need for that today because management has won.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00128-00050451-00050712 The struggle is over for all practical purposes.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00129-00050712-00051139 The major strike affecting the lives of millions is a thing of the past.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00130-00051139-00051766 The amorality of POM means that the actions taken using money as a means of gaining power
-1qe1WA9LPU-00131-00051766-00052059 are not limited to moral or ethical actions.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00132-00052059-00052695 So we have to expect that those who have jobs will lose out relative to those who have capital.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00133-00052695-00053202 We should also expect those who have capital to desire a high unemployment situation for
-1qe1WA9LPU-00134-00053202-00053509 the economy so that they can get cheap labor.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00135-00053509-00054075 High unemployment means more power and tighter control for those who hire... the employers.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00136-00054075-00054473 But there's more to having a job than just being dominated and exploited.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00137-00054473-00054942 As we pointed out in the presentation that emphasized responsibility, being paid to do
-1qe1WA9LPU-00138-00054942-00055513 some work seems to eliminate all responsibility for the consequences of doing that work.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00139-00055513-00056013 Those who manufacture guns assume no responsibility for the uses made of their products.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00140-00056013-00056429 Those who work in the tobacco industry assume no responsibility for the illness and death
-1qe1WA9LPU-00141-00056429-00056678 caused by the use of their products.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00142-00056678-00057230 Those who produce junk food assume no responsibility for obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension,
-1qe1WA9LPU-00143-00057230-00057643 and other bad health conditions consequent to people's bad diets.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00144-00057643-00058127 Advertising agencies assume no responsibility for the products they persuade people to buy.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00145-00058127-00058584 When one is offered a job, one rarely (if ever) asks about the ethics and morality of
-1qe1WA9LPU-00146-00058584-00058753 the job to be done.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00147-00058753-00059201 Politicians who advocate for gambling to raise tax revenue or to increase the employment
-1qe1WA9LPU-00148-00059201-00059633 in their states never bring up whether those jobs will improve the living standards of
-1qe1WA9LPU-00149-00059633-00060069 people or merely deflect people from productive labor into destructive labor.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00150-00060069-00060655 In other words, much of the world's evil is perpetrated, forwarded, and made possible
-1qe1WA9LPU-00151-00060655-00060993 by people who are "just doing their job".
-1qe1WA9LPU-00152-00060993-00061430 Today we are suffering from the consequences of a major world-wide recession.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00153-00061430-00061889 This means that people are looking for work and will do almost anything to get work.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00154-00061889-00062171 Jobs are something that is in short supply.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00155-00062171-00062639 Our impression of jobs is that there are a fixed number of them; so if Joe gets a job,
-1qe1WA9LPU-00156-00062639-00062814 then John cannot.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00157-00062814-00063251 We consciously realize that the number of jobs is not fixed, that it fluctuates as a
-1qe1WA9LPU-00158-00063251-00063990 total for the economy and also changes by region over time; but our emotions, our subconscious
-1qe1WA9LPU-00159-00063990-00064215 doesn't think of jobs that way.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00160-00064215-00064664 We apply for an advertised job and 50 other people apply for the same job.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00161-00064664-00065150 That makes it feel like there's one job and if someone else gets it we cannot.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00162-00065150-00065481 That makes us feel like competitors for that job.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00163-00065481-00065810 That makes us act like rivals, opponents, enemies.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00164-00065810-00066222 We start thinking of reasons why those others are bad people.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00165-00066222-00066697 Immigrants are getting jobs, so we must hate immigrants: Any jobs they get I can't have...
-1qe1WA9LPU-00166-00066697-00067112 Not that I would want the jobs they take, but it's the principle of the thing.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00167-00067112-00067514 If other nations have high unemployment and their citizens want to come to the U.S. and
-1qe1WA9LPU-00168-00067514-00067938 compete for a job in our job market that's more competition for me.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00169-00067938-00068230 Naturally, I don't want to compete for a job.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00170-00068230-00068487 I want a job handed to me on a silver platter.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00171-00068487-00069036 I want to be given preference because of "who I am" over other applicants who may be better-qualified,
-1qe1WA9LPU-00172-00069036-00069274 or willing to work for less pay than I am.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00173-00069274-00069688 After all, I am a citizen of the U.S. and my parents were citizens.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00174-00069688-00069967 I speak American English with a good Midwestern accent.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00175-00069967-00070221 I graduated from U.S. schools.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00176-00070221-00070726 That means that I'm entitled to and deserve any job that I want here in America.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00177-00070726-00071101 But that's my emotions talking, not my rational mind.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00178-00071101-00071570 My rational mind tells me that every immigrant is another customer who will be spending money
-1qe1WA9LPU-00179-00071570-00071670 here.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00180-00071670-00072096 My rational mind tells me that an immigrant is another human being with needs to be met
-1qe1WA9LPU-00181-00072096-00072389 for whom goods and services need to be produced.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00182-00072389-00072896 In fact, if I really think about it, I see that immigrant as someone who is ready to
-1qe1WA9LPU-00183-00072896-00073418 work and produce without having to be supported as a child for 20 years before our economy
-1qe1WA9LPU-00184-00073418-00073664 could start making a profit on his labor.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00185-00073664-00074223 In other words, immigration to the U.S. has been a huge benefit to our economy.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00186-00074223-00074717 That's how our economy grew so much over the years 1830 to 1930.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00187-00074717-00075158 Without those immigrants we would have been a much poorer economy with a much lower standard
-1qe1WA9LPU-00188-00075158-00075290 of living.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00189-00075290-00075820 So my rational mind tells me that I am better off being in a nation which attracts migrants
-1qe1WA9LPU-00190-00075820-00076364 to our shores (or our side of the river) rather than being in a nation which drives away its
-1qe1WA9LPU-00191-00076364-00076681 young to seek opportunity in other lands.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00192-00076681-00077061 This hatred of immigrants is a product of an irrational fear.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00193-00077061-00077263 It is foolish and counterproductive.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00194-00077263-00077617 It harms both the immigrants and us long-time residents.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00195-00077617-00078261 The chamber of commerce wants your town to grow, for business increase, that's immigration.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00196-00078261-00078699 But draw a line down the center of Main Street, and say nation A is on one side of that line
-1qe1WA9LPU-00197-00078699-00079255 and nation B is on the other side... and our minds go crazy; all because we think of there
-1qe1WA9LPU-00198-00079255-00079869 being a limited number of jobs, because we think that jobs are in short supply.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00199-00079869-00080232 And why do we think that jobs are in short supply?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00200-00080232-00080623 That's right, the nature of our money: That POM at work...
-1qe1WA9LPU-00201-00080623-00080951 there's that zero-sum game again.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00202-00080951-00081424 When we also consider that deflation is possible because the supply of POM is independent of
-1qe1WA9LPU-00203-00081424-00081950 the supply of goods and services for sale it's easy to see how consumption can be reduced
-1qe1WA9LPU-00204-00081950-00082205 when the supply of money drops.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00205-00082205-00082651 Once consumption falls (consumption is another word for demand by the way), less goods and
-1qe1WA9LPU-00206-00082651-00082844 services are being sold.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00207-00082844-00083315 If less is being sold, less needs to be produced to be consumed.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00208-00083315-00083680 That means fewer people are needed to produce what is being consumed.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00209-00083680-00084136 So if you have a business that produces some product and you are selling less of that product
-1qe1WA9LPU-00210-00084136-00084604 it's only natural that you would spend less of your POM to produce that product.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00211-00084604-00084833 You don't want to give up more money than you take in.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00212-00084833-00085005 There's no profit in that.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00213-00085005-00085447 You want to take in more money than you give up, just like everybody else.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00214-00085447-00085832 Jobs in a POM economy require that people give up money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00215-00085832-00086030 People don't want to give up money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00216-00086030-00086382 They want to hang onto as much of their money as possible.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00217-00086382-00086873 Everyone else wants their POM and they defend it, so the number of jobs is limited.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00218-00086873-00087383 It's not limited by the number of people who want jobs; and the number of jobs is not limited
-1qe1WA9LPU-00219-00087383-00087809 by the amount of things that we need to have produced, nor is it limited by the amount
-1qe1WA9LPU-00220-00087809-00088074 of things we would like to have produced.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00221-00088074-00088393 It's not limited by any limit imposed by nature.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00222-00088393-00088841 There's nothing in the Bible or other holy books that says "God has ordained that the
-1qe1WA9LPU-00223-00088841-00089085 number of jobs is limited".
-1qe1WA9LPU-00224-00089085-00089571 We have a nation that has overwhelming needs to build and maintain its infrastructure.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00225-00089571-00089929 We have a desperate need to develop renewable sources of energy.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00226-00089929-00090311 We have a huge number of poor children who need to be cared for.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00227-00090311-00090589 We have major health issues as a nation.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00228-00090589-00091087 We know that there will be geologic and astronomical threats to our very existence.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00229-00091087-00091610 But instead of attacking these problems with our total human resources, we sit idle: sick
-1qe1WA9LPU-00230-00091610-00091949 with worry about paying the bills and feeding our families.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00231-00091949-00092194 Is that sanity or insanity?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00232-00092194-00092558 Is that good sense, or is that foolishness of a high order?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00233-00092558-00092750 Are we being stupid or what?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00234-00092750-00093249 Can you give me one good reason why anyone who wants to work and has things to contribute
-1qe1WA9LPU-00235-00093249-00093564 to humanity should be forced to sit idle?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00236-00093564-00093947 Can you give me one good reason why there should be a shortage of jobs when there are
-1qe1WA9LPU-00237-00093947-00094409 so many things that desperately cry out to be done for the sake of humanity?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00238-00094409-00095050 Is there any reason why a situation where everyone has work to do is immoral or unethical?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00239-00095050-00095381 We have all heard about job creators and job killers.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00240-00095381-00095814 I have pointed out above that the nature of our money is what kills jobs.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00241-00095814-00096287 I have pointed out in previous presentations that poverty is a product of the nature of
-1qe1WA9LPU-00242-00096287-00096387 our money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00243-00096387-00096817 I have shown that slavery is a product of the nature of our money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00244-00096817-00097248 So there's really no value in pointing our fingers at anyone in or out of government
-1qe1WA9LPU-00245-00097248-00097543 as being responsible for killing jobs.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00246-00097543-00098161 Likewise there's no point in praising anyone in or out of government for creating jobs.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00247-00098161-00098548 Jobs in a POM economy are created by consumers buying things.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00248-00098548-00098853 You might as well praise someone for eating or playing.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00249-00098853-00099103 Who deserves praise for consuming?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00250-00099103-00099563 Like it or not, we all do it... well, at least we do it until we die and then our loved ones
-1qe1WA9LPU-00251-00099563-00100034 or the state give us that final consumer demand to dispose of our bodies.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00252-00100034-00100491 So how do we keep our familiar POM and yet have full unemployment to solve the myriad
-1qe1WA9LPU-00253-00100491-00100675 problems that plague us?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00254-00100675-00100775 How?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00255-00100775-00100925 Have you been listening?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00256-00100925-00101381 Didn't I just tell you that it's POM that creates the shortage of jobs?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00257-00101381-00101832 If POM is creating the shortage, if POM is why you can't get a decent job doing something
-1qe1WA9LPU-00258-00101832-00102283 that is really meaningful, why do you think you can keep your POM and still solve the
-1qe1WA9LPU-00259-00102283-00102383 problem?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00260-00102383-00102734 You might as well ask to get well without getting rid of the bacteria that's causing
-1qe1WA9LPU-00261-00102734-00102894 your illness.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00262-00102894-00103439 We have to eliminate POM and replace it with a superior kind of money, an improved standard
-1qe1WA9LPU-00263-00103439-00103758 unit of account, a safer store of value.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00264-00103758-00104100 Yes, solving the jobs problems requires change.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00265-00104100-00104317 I know you don't like hearing that.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00266-00104317-00104691 You also don't like hearing that there's no such thing as a free lunch.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00267-00104691-00104862 But you know it's true.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00268-00104862-00105069 There is no gain without some effort!
-1qe1WA9LPU-00269-00105069-00105232 You have to earn success.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00270-00105232-00105860 The way we earn success in having work for everyone is to change the nature of our money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00271-00105860-00106019 Here's the sales pitch.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00272-00106019-00106550 With a non-POM you earn money by acting in ways that result in net benefit for others.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00273-00106550-00106897 You don't need anyone else's permission to earn money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00274-00106897-00107236 Your earning money does not take money away from anyone else.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00275-00107236-00107824 In fact, if you earn money that means more money for lots of other people with non-POM.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00276-00107824-00108210 If other people earn money there's a good chance that will result in your earning more
-1qe1WA9LPU-00277-00108210-00108373 money as well.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00278-00108373-00108766 After all, what you did helped them... so you get some of the credit.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00279-00108766-00109038 Right, you don't see how that's possible do you?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00280-00109038-00109527 I'm not a bit surprised: It is impossible with POM.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00281-00109527-00109934 But just for a couple of minutes, imagine what it would be like to live in that kind
-1qe1WA9LPU-00282-00109934-00110068 of economy.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00283-00110068-00110390 You just graduated from college majoring in liberal arts.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00284-00110390-00110746 People can get paid for giving you food so you will not go hungry.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00285-00110746-00111192 People will get paid for making available to you a place to live, so you will have shelter.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00286-00111192-00111545 If you need another pair of shoes, people will get paid for getting you good-fitting
-1qe1WA9LPU-00287-00111545-00111653 shoes...
-1qe1WA9LPU-00288-00111653-00111847 though they may not be at all stylish.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00289-00111847-00112375 You have no educational debt because there was no tuition or fees to attend college.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00290-00112375-00112591 Is there any rush to find a job right away?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00291-00112591-00112691 No.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00292-00112691-00113048 Do you think you could use the assistance of others in finding something to do to earn
-1qe1WA9LPU-00293-00113048-00113148 money?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00294-00113148-00113530 Well, people can earn money by helping you maximize your earning potential.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00295-00113530-00113799 No fee is charged for that service either.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00296-00113799-00114099 Are you competent, reliable, and thoughtful of others?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00297-00114099-00114336 Do you get along with others easily?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00298-00114336-00114670 Then people should welcome your assistance with what they are doing to earn money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00299-00114670-00115125 In fact, there are probably a lot of people who have good ideas for things that need to
-1qe1WA9LPU-00300-00115125-00115632 be done to solve problems, to maintain infrastructure, to build capital, to research what needs to
-1qe1WA9LPU-00301-00115632-00115880 be done, and a host of other useful things.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00302-00115880-00115999 They want your help.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00303-00115999-00116265 They are seeking people with your talents.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00304-00116265-00116437 So you have a lot of options.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00305-00116437-00116837 You can choose to help out one or more of those good ideas people or you may elect to
-1qe1WA9LPU-00306-00116837-00117192 go with a long-established group of people who have been generating a good income for
-1qe1WA9LPU-00307-00117192-00117342 themselves.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00308-00117342-00117530 But who can you trust?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00309-00117530-00117863 Might they try to take advantage of your youth and inexperience?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00310-00117863-00118196 You really need to know their reputations, and how they have behaved when working with
-1qe1WA9LPU-00311-00118196-00118311 others in the past.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00312-00118311-00118723 Have they been honest, cooperative, reliable, trustworthy, and successful...
-1qe1WA9LPU-00313-00118723-00119126 or have they been difficult to work with and a font of bad ideas?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00314-00119126-00119595 Well, there are people who earn money by arranging the information available about how people
-1qe1WA9LPU-00315-00119595-00120114 have acted, and providing easy access to that information for people like you.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00316-00120114-00120466 You can see the track record of the folks you consider helping in their efforts to produce
-1qe1WA9LPU-00317-00120466-00120606 net benefits.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00318-00120606-00121096 Of course, your own reputation for how you work with others is also being made available
-1qe1WA9LPU-00319-00121096-00121402 to everyone else, too: that's only fair.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00320-00121402-00121789 It means that if you behave irresponsibly and try to harm others by taking credit for
-1qe1WA9LPU-00321-00121789-00122277 what they have done, or by not being careful, or by simply not doing what you said you would
-1qe1WA9LPU-00322-00122277-00122567 do... that information will follow you.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00323-00122567-00122807 You can't leave it behind by changing cities.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00324-00122807-00123314 It's like the old days in the village where everyone else knew you really well.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00325-00123314-00123773 So you decide who you want to work with, and they accept you because you have a good reputation
-1qe1WA9LPU-00326-00123773-00124163 with recommendations from some of the faculty from the college you attended.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00327-00124163-00124521 There are no forms to fill out, and there's no contract to sign.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00328-00124521-00124812 The folks you work with will not be the ones who pay you.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00329-00124812-00125301 But since you are working with them, your earnings will benefit from their success.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00330-00125301-00125669 Thus, if you see they are doing something the wrong way, or if you know a better way
-1qe1WA9LPU-00331-00125669-00125996 to accomplish what they're after and you pass the word along...
-1qe1WA9LPU-00332-00125996-00126163 you will all earn more money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00333-00126163-00126675 Therefore, they have a vested interest in your understanding how things work: They want
-1qe1WA9LPU-00334-00126675-00127147 your advice and feedback, and they want you to seek responsibility; even though you are
-1qe1WA9LPU-00335-00127147-00127531 the new guy, the rookie, the one who has not yet learned the ropes.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00336-00127531-00127846 Why do they treat you with such respect?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00337-00127846-00128217 Why don't they resent your making suggestions or treat you with contempt?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00338-00128217-00128590 Simple: because they have learned that good ideas are where you find them.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00339-00128590-00128970 If you resist learning from everyone, you will miss out.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00340-00128970-00129116 What about the union, though?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00341-00129116-00129343 Will you have to join a union?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00342-00129343-00129738 You would be wise to join a union if one is available because the union will know "the
-1qe1WA9LPU-00343-00129738-00129895 ropes" of your occupation.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00344-00129895-00130212 They will provide you will resources to make you more productive.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00345-00130212-00130541 They get paid for helping you earn more money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00346-00130541-00130974 Of course you pay no dues: You only get money if the consequences of your actions result
-1qe1WA9LPU-00347-00130974-00131508 in net benefits for others, so they only get more money if your actions result in net benefits
-1qe1WA9LPU-00348-00131508-00131619 for others.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00349-00131619-00132007 Thus the idea of a strike is repugnant to them.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00350-00132007-00132274 Refusing to be productive is like refusing to accept money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00351-00132274-00132636 Worse, it's like refusing money for all your friends, too.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00352-00132636-00132960 One's reputation would never recover from such behavior.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00353-00132960-00133342 But let's say that you just don't get along with the group of people you decided to work
-1qe1WA9LPU-00354-00133342-00133442 with.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00355-00133442-00133589 It's just a personality clash thing.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00356-00133589-00133726 Can they fire you?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00357-00133726-00134008 Well, in a way, yes, they could.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00358-00134008-00134225 They could simply refuse to cooperate with you.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00359-00134225-00134624 They could chose to not share capital goods with you, or invite others to take your place
-1qe1WA9LPU-00360-00134624-00134838 and do what you have been doing with them.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00361-00134838-00135141 Likewise, you can also quit working with them.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00362-00135141-00135526 Of course, to avoid a bad reputation, you would need to give notice as well as help
-1qe1WA9LPU-00363-00135526-00135732 recruit and train a replacement.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00364-00135732-00136102 To just stop showing up for work would be a really bad mark in your reputation.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00365-00136102-00136391 Who could trust anyone who would do such a thing?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00366-00136391-00136805 Is there any cost your family/dependents would suffer if you left your position?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00367-00136805-00137037 It's hard to see what that cost would be.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00368-00137037-00137440 In a non-POM economy there is no such thing as debt, so you would not lose your house
-1qe1WA9LPU-00369-00137440-00137612 or car to repossession/foreclosure.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00370-00137612-00138120 You'd have no bills to pay, so the utilities would not be cut off.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00371-00138120-00138424 Education is always free if anyone is willing to teach you.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00372-00138424-00138754 Medical treatment is also free if anyone is willing to provide it.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00373-00138754-00139136 (Naturally, education and medical care earn the providers money if the education or treatment
-1qe1WA9LPU-00374-00139136-00139335 generated net benefit.)
-1qe1WA9LPU-00375-00139335-00139677 So it's hard to imagine where any suffering would come in.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00376-00139677-00140040 Job stress would be far less than today: You don't have to have the money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00377-00140040-00140199 You'd have no debt.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00378-00140199-00140454 You work with others rather than for a boss.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00379-00140454-00140902 If you take orders (like an actor takes direction) it's because you can do a better job that
-1qe1WA9LPU-00380-00140902-00141002 way.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00381-00141002-00141319 (Bands don't sound good if they don't follow the conductor's beat.)
-1qe1WA9LPU-00382-00141319-00141664 You know that everyone you work with wants you to succeed.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00383-00141664-00142034 You get respect if you behave so as to deserve respect.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00384-00142034-00142525 Discrimination is overwhelmingly based on performance, not prejudice.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00385-00142525-00142946 Under what circumstances in a non-POM economy would someone be unemployed?
-1qe1WA9LPU-00386-00142946-00143473 Well, in one sense, everyone is "unemployed" in that no one has a traditional job in which
-1qe1WA9LPU-00387-00143473-00143870 they obey someone for the money that someone will give them.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00388-00143870-00144530 But in another sense everyone is employed... because everyone who acts can earn money (non-POM)
-1qe1WA9LPU-00389-00144530-00144822 if their actions generate net benefit.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00390-00144822-00144989 So it's hard to retire.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00391-00144989-00145351 If you keep doing nice things for other people you find that you have earned money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00392-00145351-00145762 If you are a stay-at-home mother you earn money for taking good care of your children.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00393-00145762-00146108 If you keep your house in good repair you earn money when you give it to someone else
-1qe1WA9LPU-00394-00146108-00146279 for them to live in.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00395-00146279-00146832 In short, employment is not something that people will be concerned about with non-POM.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00396-00146832-00147165 Everybody who wants money will be able to earn it without any downside.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00397-00147165-00147511 You can't lose non-POM by a bad investment.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00398-00147511-00147943 You might lose time and effort and get no additional non-POM for your work but you can't
-1qe1WA9LPU-00399-00147943-00148207 lose any non-POM that you already earned.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00400-00148207-00148646 You don't need to save for your old age, but if you don't spend some of your non-POM it
-1qe1WA9LPU-00401-00148646-00149121 will retain its full value and even, with improvements in technology over the years,
-1qe1WA9LPU-00402-00149121-00149270 will grow in value.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00403-00149270-00149979 Finally, there are no taxes of any kind by any level of government ever with non-POM.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00404-00149979-00150204 Taxes are physically impossible.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00405-00150204-00150663 You can use non-POM to buy things but you can't give money to anyone else, and no one
-1qe1WA9LPU-00406-00150663-00150827 else can take it.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00407-00150827-00151353 Remember that non-POM cannot be taken from its owner against the owner's will.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00408-00151353-00151938 Even if one retires from the business as old sports stars must eventually do, one is not
-1qe1WA9LPU-00409-00151938-00152373 truly unemployed; one has just changed the work one does.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00410-00152373-00152797 You will note that there is no contract between you and the persons with whom you have chosen
-1qe1WA9LPU-00411-00152797-00152914 to work.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00412-00152914-00153212 There are no OSHA regulations to satisfy.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00413-00153212-00153666 With non-POM your word is your bond since your reputation, good or bad, will always
-1qe1WA9LPU-00414-00153666-00153935 be known to those with whom you deal.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00415-00153935-00154424 Every person is an independent entrepreneur who just happens to be cooperating and coordinating
-1qe1WA9LPU-00416-00154424-00154678 his or her activities with others.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00417-00154678-00155075 If there is something dangerous about your workplace it's up to you to report it to others
-1qe1WA9LPU-00418-00155075-00155473 and to see that no one gets injured, you will earn money by doing so.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00419-00155473-00155986 Those who actually change the physical situation at your workplace will also earn money.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00420-00155986-00156410 Their improving the safety of the workplace costs none of the users of that workplace
-1qe1WA9LPU-00421-00156410-00156911 any money, but an injury happening in that workplace would cost them possible future
-1qe1WA9LPU-00422-00156911-00157011 income.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00423-00157011-00157525 As you might imagine, numerous occupations which today are quite dangerous (like farming,
-1qe1WA9LPU-00424-00157525-00157970 mining, and fishing) will become much safer since there's lots of money to be earned by
-1qe1WA9LPU-00425-00157970-00158135 making them safer.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00426-00158135-00158429 So the economy benefits in several ways.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00427-00158429-00158887 First, there's no need to waste resources on enforcement of regulations and laws or
-1qe1WA9LPU-00428-00158887-00159159 to even write such regulations and laws.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00429-00159159-00159477 There's no need for lawyers to haggle over interpretations.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00430-00159477-00159962 There's no need for insurance to compensate workers or the company if workers are injured.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00431-00159962-00160425 Second, the loss of productivity when a worker is injured is greatly reduced due to better
-1qe1WA9LPU-00432-00160425-00160695 safety features and precautions.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00433-00160695-00161188 Third, how things are done can be arranged to exactly suit the situation and circumstances.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00434-00161188-00161723 In other words, there is no need for protections from others seeking to take advantage of employees
-1qe1WA9LPU-00435-00161723-00162127 or employers since there's no advantage to be taken.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00436-00162127-00162553 There's no need to regulate when everyone is already trying to do the best thing under
-1qe1WA9LPU-00437-00162553-00162718 the circumstances.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00438-00162718-00163168 There's no need to require safety equipment when such equipment costs the business nothing
-1qe1WA9LPU-00439-00163168-00163297 at all.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00440-00163297-00163734 So we have more people doing productive work and less wasted effort.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00441-00163734-00163920 Work is simplified and safer.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00442-00163920-00164311 So the economy derives much more production per capita.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00443-00164311-00164901 The estimated increase in production is about 25% the first year and over 10% per year on
-1qe1WA9LPU-00444-00164901-00165218 a continuing basis for the indefinite future.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00445-00165218-00165660 You can see how we are able to promise a better standard of living for everyone, rich or poor
-1qe1WA9LPU-00446-00165660-00165872 with a non-POM economy.
-1qe1WA9LPU-00447-00165872-00166642 If you still don't understand it, go to www.nopomstuff.info and read or listen to the novel "Invisible
-1qe1WA9LPU-00448-00166642-00166742 Hand".
-1qe1WA9LPU-00449-00166742-00166791 It makes it all quite clear!
-1-rXkpqoG4-00003-00002186-00002686 160 g all purpose flour; 100 g margarine; 2 tbsp sugar; Salt; 1 egg; 3 to 4 tbsp water. Baking powder optional.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00004-00002752-00003760 Place 160 g or 1.5 cups of all purpose flour inside the bowl.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00005-00003888-00004384 Add 100 g of margarine or butter.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00006-00004640-00005312 Add 2 tbsp of sugar.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00007-00005376-00005872 Add a bit of salt.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00008-00008400-00009216 Add 3 to 4 tbsp of water.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00009-00009440-00010304 Mix until all the ingredients are together.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00010-00013232-00013776 Place the dough inside the fridge for about 30 minutes.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00011-00016112-00017008 If you want to have more pieces of dough, make the size smaller or make the dough thinner.
-1-rXkpqoG4-00012-00019647-00019818 I hope you like it! Thanks for watching :)
-2pvz3rWKGE-00000-00000250-00000637 Sweet Muslim Couple Free HD Videos
-2t7oBFiq3u-00000-00000376-00001008 that mute [ __ ] that [ __ ] snake without a tongue gave me this [ __ ] instead of a pink slip
-2t7oBFiq3u-00001-00001008-00001688 i must be the biggest [ __ ] idiot in the whole [ __ ] world ohms take it easy at least we're alive
-2t7oBFiq3u-00002-00001688-00002280 girl friend fellow traveler relax man you're really killing my [ __ ] vibe here
-2t7oBFiq3u-00003-00002392-00002792 well i'm sorry i'm [ __ ] up your vibe old man but i can't wait to get my hands
-2t7oBFiq3u-00004-00002792-00003247 on that mute and your bitch-ass cousin my cousin you're gonna ditch my familia
-2t7oBFiq3u-00005-00003640-00004304 my bad man i'm just pissed for all of us i mean look we in a strange place we got [ __ ] to our
-2t7oBFiq3u-00006-00004304-00004896 name and for once i try to make something work this garage and it ain't even a grub then make
-2t7oBFiq3u-00007-00004896-00005728 it into a garage oh that's a great idea sis won't you shut up you know what carl you
-2t7oBFiq3u-00008-00005728-00006160 are a [ __ ] idiot your whole life you wanted something for nothing now you've got something
-2t7oBFiq3u-00009-00006160-00006712 and you don't know what to do with it we'll make it good enough we'll help right we got
-2t7oBFiq3u-00010-00006712-00007704 your back cj come on stop tripping man both of you whoa man the energy here it's fantastic oh
-2t7oBFiq3u-00011-00008031-00008728 yeah all right but i'm gonna find some good mechanics to work up in here man i know a few guys
-2t7oBFiq3u-00012-00008808-00009576 come with me friend they're good people i swear it man i'm about to ride with this fool again
-2t7oBFiq3u-00013-00009880-00010376 come on man there's these two guys i know used to work on marine engines until the mob bought
-2t7oBFiq3u-00014-00010376-00010856 their business over in vice now they try and make ends meet by taking any old job
-2t7oBFiq3u-00015-00010856-00011224 they're a little bit dull by their habit but the smoke don't get in the way of
-2t7oBFiq3u-00016-00011224-00011712 their skills with an engine we'll pick up jethro first last i heard he was working
-2t7oBFiq3u-00017-00011712-00013263 at a garage over an east basin hey man how do you meet these dudes anyway hey jezreel
-2t7oBFiq3u-00018-00013544-00014344 hop in man i've landed you a real job hey there truth dude oh man do do i owe you
-2t7oBFiq3u-00019-00014344-00015232 because i swear i paid for that weed dude no man we're good i think jethro carl carl jezreel what's
-2t7oBFiq3u-00020-00015232-00015728 up man can we swing by the hospital it's over in santa flora district west of here
-2t7oBFiq3u-00021-00015784-00016528 yeah you sick no the government is but that's a long story so you know like what's the deal
-2t7oBFiq3u-00022-00016528-00016808 dudes i'm opening the garage and doors by the way
-2t7oBFiq3u-00023-00016904-00017688 you know car mods low riders all that you damn holy pair [ __ ] in the woods no but they've
-2t7oBFiq3u-00024-00017688-00018384 been knowing the [ __ ] in the liquor tent if i remember it right yeah that was like so far gone
-2t7oBFiq3u-00025-00019080-00019192 okay we hit
-2t7oBFiq3u-00026-00019696-00020416 a week of hard work and we'll transform this place hey caesar come over here what's up bee
-2t7oBFiq3u-00027-00020472-00021112 season this jethro dwayne and zero hey man dude salutations my sibling
-2t7oBFiq3u-00028-00021216-00021848 let's get to work hey hey carl look i think i found a way for us to get paid i ain't going
-2t7oBFiq3u-00029-00021848-00022432 to no college to study no account no idiot property decorating ain't exactly my thing
-2t7oBFiq3u-00030-00022432-00023096 no property development look you buy a dump like this fix it up and sell it or better yet you turn
-2t7oBFiq3u-00031-00023096-00023624 the property into a business the snowball gets bigger i don't know sis this all sound big time
-2t7oBFiq3u-00032-00023624-00024120 to me look carl this place is gonna get on his feet and when it does we are gonna have money
-2t7oBFiq3u-00033-00024120-00024784 if you wanna make something of yourself you gotta let your money work for you look i wouldn't even
-2t7oBFiq3u-00034-00024784-00025424 know where to store look you two concentrate on the garage and let me work the property thing okay
-2t7oBFiq3u-00035-00025424-00025992 yeah that's my baby girl right there hon man you chose her i'm stuck with
-4QYSQjxKII-00000-00006384-00007120 hello everyone and welcome to red united tv it's your boy ivorian spice and welcome to the catch
-4QYSQjxKII-00001-00007120-00007792 up volume 72 another episode another week for us mansion night fans of course i hope you guys
-4QYSQjxKII-00002-00007792-00008288 have had a good weekend as well for those who are non-manchester united fans for those mentioning
-4QYSQjxKII-00003-00008288-00008752 and i hope it was okay for but for those who are men's united fans and support ivory coast
-4QYSQjxKII-00004-00008872-00009424 i understand it's been a hard week for us a hard weekend back-to-back draws back-to-back
-4QYSQjxKII-00005-00009424-00009992 point drop two points dropped it is what it is but yes mention that fans you are here for what you
-4QYSQjxKII-00006-00009992-00010632 want your man's united podcast reflecting on the game against aston villa as always remember to um
-4QYSQjxKII-00007-00010632-00011000 to click on the link description if you want to contribute to this channel
-4QYSQjxKII-00008-00011000-00011488 via paypal of course click that link and of course catch us on the live for that super chat send your
-4QYSQjxKII-00009-00011488-00012008 super chat but yes again let's get live and kicking because it's the catch-up volume 72
-4QYSQjxKII-00010-00012008-00012480 and we're about to talk about our beloved team manchester united even though we've had
-4QYSQjxKII-00011-00012536-00013072 a [ __ ] weekend it is what it is but guys let's get straight into it i'm about to introduce you
-4QYSQjxKII-00012-00013072-00013680 to the guys the panel let me introduce you first of all to jerome big brother jerome how you doing
-4QYSQjxKII-00013-00013680-00014416 bro how was your weekend how is everything brother yeah man i'm all good bro um obviously the weekend
-4QYSQjxKII-00014-00014416-00015160 was good went quickly as usual back to the working week quickly um minus the result i think it was
-4QYSQjxKII-00015-00015160-00015600 pretty cheap for me really but it's something that's hard to chill out when you're watching
-4QYSQjxKII-00016-00015600-00016112 united play but you just gotta try and deal with the best you can really whatever result comes
-4QYSQjxKII-00017-00016247-00016704 exactly it is what it is whatever the result comes we have just have to deal with it and
-4QYSQjxKII-00018-00016704-00017264 we've been dealing with it for so many years next in line munzee mosey's just done his
-4QYSQjxKII-00019-00017264-00017664 podcast guys make sure you go and check it out subscribe smash that like button
-4QYSQjxKII-00020-00017664-00018280 munzee how's everything how are you how was your weekend yeah it was a short weekend i
-4QYSQjxKII-00021-00018280-00018888 was working saturday morning but yeah it was all right until the football i still not got over it
-4QYSQjxKII-00022-00018944-00019392 i don't know why but i'm still still not going over it but yeah i'm glad to be back
-4QYSQjxKII-00023-00019536-00020064 oh yes yes and last but not least of course we'll be drained by i'm look pretty flocka if it's
-4QYSQjxKII-00024-00020064-00020784 possible but yes from the football capital itself watch all the way from australia just waking up
-4QYSQjxKII-00025-00020784-00021312 looking looking live fresh you know he just woke up like this and he's still looking good
-4QYSQjxKII-00026-00021776-00022272 i'm good bro i'm good um the weekend yeah like the boys were saying minus the result it has
-4QYSQjxKII-00027-00022272-00022720 hasn't been too bad i mean my start to the year wasn't really the best after
-4QYSQjxKII-00028-00022720-00023184 all my social media have been hacked but i got one of them back so you know it's
-4QYSQjxKII-00029-00023248-00023832 only probably positive this year at the moment um but yeah but it's good to have
-4QYSQjxKII-00030-00023832-00024336 football back in a sense um with all these games being postponed and all that but yet
-4QYSQjxKII-00031-00024336-00024808 thanks for having me on and we're i'm ready to get stuck into our beloved team
-4QYSQjxKII-00032-00025016-00025616 yeah definitely our beloved team but of course guys as you know you're here for manchester united
-4QYSQjxKII-00033-00025616-00026120 of course and let's go straight into it let me put myself into that self cam and everything
-4QYSQjxKII-00034-00026448-00027064 again guys of course it's aston villa to manchester united two manchester dropping
-4QYSQjxKII-00035-00027064-00027672 two points against aston villa after going two goals up and then for the last 15 minutes where
-4QYSQjxKII-00036-00027672-00028256 everything went down everything went pear-shaped the titanic sink went down manchester united
-4QYSQjxKII-00037-00028256-00028712 dropped those two points against aston villa disgusting towards just showing
-4QYSQjxKII-00038-00028712-00029360 that they got they got no balls oh my overall thoughts first of all guys regarding this game
-4QYSQjxKII-00039-00029439-00029960 match united for the first 45 minutes that first half were were a very good team they did
-4QYSQjxKII-00040-00029960-00030520 everything well they were on the front four they gave aston villa problems as the winner couldn't
-4QYSQjxKII-00041-00030520-00031016 handle us at times we look very good on the wings as well they're into interplay as well was
-4QYSQjxKII-00042-00031016-00031672 all right there were things the pressing was okay it wasn't the best they went at the same time they
-4QYSQjxKII-00043-00031672-00032208 weren't playing the raw fragment way but you saw a better improvement compared to what we expected
-4QYSQjxKII-00044-00032208-00032768 from that monday episode against uh as the villain in the fa cup it's funny thing we all thought
-4QYSQjxKII-00045-00032768-00033336 that if we played the same way that we played against that's the villain epic cop we might lose
-4QYSQjxKII-00046-00033336-00033824 but guess what we ended up drawing he was on a winning was on a winning front four at one
-4QYSQjxKII-00047-00033824-00034624 stage ended up drawing second half that's where everything went wrong again the the substitutions
-4QYSQjxKII-00048-00034624-00035136 with the wrong substitution in my opinion we needed control and we really really get that
-4QYSQjxKII-00049-00035136-00035880 from ragnick substitutions yes some may say that when the bake should have came on i agree as well
-4QYSQjxKII-00050-00035880-00036312 that actually came out to bring us some control something because they needed something and that
-4QYSQjxKII-00051-00036312-00036880 was the problem and asked the villa themselves capitalizing that by bringing them continue
-4QYSQjxKII-00052-00036880-00037552 and etc but to pile on pressure but manchester united as men as players i can't blame a manager
-4QYSQjxKII-00053-00037552-00038000 for this i know that these players are not good enough they don't have the cojones they don't
-4QYSQjxKII-00054-00038000-00038536 have the balls it is what it is with these guys they're f boys for like what they according one
-4QYSQjxKII-00055-00038536-00039064 minute men as well because they can't give you a 90 minutes performance no they can't satisfy their
-4QYSQjxKII-00056-00039064-00039464 women they can't satisfy us on the pitch so they will never be able to satisfy their woman on the
-4QYSQjxKII-00057-00039464-00039848 pitch they can't make her scream on the pitch so what makes you think they can make their
-4QYSQjxKII-00058-00039848-00040480 scream women scream in the bedroom the only person that can do that is ronaldo because he's got her
-4QYSQjxKII-00059-00040480-00041040 twins so he's giving her extra time again he makes us scream we all say see
-4QYSQjxKII-00060-00041224-00041728 but yes guys sorry i had to moan there but i want to bring that to you jerome and what was your
-4QYSQjxKII-00061-00041728-00042432 overall thoughts on the game well the game itself was a very frustrating game started off all right
-4QYSQjxKII-00062-00042504-00042992 to be fair we couldn't have been any worse than he was against aston villa fa cup monday so i kind of
-4QYSQjxKII-00063-00042992-00043584 expected some sort of reaction we've got your goal through a mistake a little bit of keeper
-4QYSQjxKII-00064-00043656-00044136 and i believe the second goal as well was a mistaken village build up play as well
-4QYSQjxKII-00065-00044192-00044720 and capitalize on that so we've got the two goal lead and before yeah we can just
-4QYSQjxKII-00066-00044720-00045352 keep the ball and just see at the game two nil professional tuna away win but
-4QYSQjxKII-00067-00045352-00046104 as you know the teams leak mentally and the team's not fit so the team faded in that second half and
-4QYSQjxKII-00068-00046168-00046784 if it went on for another 10 minutes really probably ended up losing um it's just shocking
-4QYSQjxKII-00069-00046784-00047344 how the team can't string three or four passes together especially when they're under pressure
-4QYSQjxKII-00070-00047344-00047984 it's quite embarrassing really and it was just so frustrating into the game after a positive start
-4QYSQjxKII-00071-00048088-00048624 so after that game i was just thinking where did we go from here if you're struggling against
-4QYSQjxKII-00072-00048624-00049280 mid-table teams would you respect the villain from the premier league and we were struggling to beat
-4QYSQjxKII-00073-00049280-00050000 them and we scored through two mistakes and in that game as well it seemed like we were just like
-4QYSQjxKII-00074-00050088-00050720 struggling to create clear-cut chances and alone at ralph's trying to get the defense more solid
-4QYSQjxKII-00075-00050720-00051144 than the previous regime but it looks like he's still working on getting the balance right
-4QYSQjxKII-00076-00051200-00051736 in the team but in terms of that game there's just a very very frustrating end to it
-4QYSQjxKII-00077-00051791-00052432 so i just have to see what happens going forward but these players just we need a lot of changes
-4QYSQjxKII-00078-00052432-00053016 in this in this team that we've got we haven't played any big games in the last six weeks and
-4QYSQjxKII-00079-00053184-00053560 only god knows how we're gonna perform when we start playing liverpool in the city again
-4QYSQjxKII-00080-00053632-00054104 because after that performance confidence is quite low at the moment in terms of
-4QYSQjxKII-00081-00054167-00054360 expectations for the remainder of the season
-4QYSQjxKII-00082-00054624-00055048 absolutely absolutely um confidence is quite low as my united stands i'm
-4QYSQjxKII-00083-00055048-00055536 going to bring it up to you munzee munzee what was your overall thoughts on the game
-4QYSQjxKII-00084-00055752-00056055 well first off before probably the best we played on the
-4QYSQjxKII-00085-00056184-00056976 um second half as soon as marriage got that yellow card um yeah that was marriage out of the game i
-4QYSQjxKII-00086-00056976-00057424 just think we lacked players on the bit i know you said like before the players aren't good enough
-4QYSQjxKII-00087-00057424-00058032 probably blame ralph but there was plenty you know i just don't know just i just thought ralph could
-4QYSQjxKII-00088-00058032-00058616 have brought someone on just to change it and then if if we wouldn't have won or it has carried on
-4QYSQjxKII-00089-00058616-00059120 the same um and fair enough but he didn't um i don't know what cause the barney was doing
-4QYSQjxKII-00090-00059176-00059632 booting the ball up in here a lot of kid and then dad oh well i've always said that i went
-4QYSQjxKII-00091-00059632-00060208 good enough so but yeah i see it back now i'm still annoyed about it but i just think
-4QYSQjxKII-00092-00060296-00060800 it was better than monday night monday night was awful but we won um but yeah the first
-4QYSQjxKII-00093-00060800-00061304 half was it's just it's promising signs but we just got to keep up for nine minutes to be fair
-4QYSQjxKII-00094-00061504-00061840 yeah absolutely absolutely i'm going to bring it up to you bocce
-4QYSQjxKII-00095-00061967-00062672 apache overall what was your thoughts on the game as well yeah yeah look man with the first half
-4QYSQjxKII-00096-00062672-00063048 like the boys were saying i think it was it was probably one of our better performances on the
-4QYSQjxKII-00097-00063048-00063655 ralph in that first half we got the goal yes it was a mistake by martinez but you know we
-4QYSQjxKII-00098-00063655-00064184 struggled to get a first goal in like the first 15 minutes and i think that's only the what the
-4QYSQjxKII-00099-00064184-00064696 second the second time this season um and we got that goal and i thought you know what we're
-4QYSQjxKII-00100-00064696-00065232 creating a few chances a few half chances and we weren't conceding a lot of chances as well in
-4QYSQjxKII-00101-00065232-00065816 in the first half in the second half literally it was like we were space jammed the players
-4QYSQjxKII-00102-00065816-00066720 came out was a totally different squad um clueless it was literally it was literally the same things
-4QYSQjxKII-00103-00066720-00067088 that we've seen under ollie and even on the ralph as well just no one knows how to pass
-4QYSQjxKII-00104-00067296-00067776 no communication it he completely looked like another team and it looked like we were
-4QYSQjxKII-00105-00067776-00068392 we were the team in that bottom half where villarreal and villa was was you know competing
-4QYSQjxKII-00106-00068392-00069024 for a top four position or or or or on top of the table you know what i mean so it's like
-4QYSQjxKII-00107-00069024-00069544 it's very it's i just don't get what what is going on at the club at the moment because
-4QYSQjxKII-00108-00069544-00070088 it's like we've got the players we've got rid of the coaching staff we got rid of the manager
-4QYSQjxKII-00109-00070088-00070752 um there's a full clear out we you know where and it's still the same thing so i don't know
-4QYSQjxKII-00110-00070752-00071200 what is going on some of these players maybe are too big for their boots they're thinking that
-4QYSQjxKII-00111-00071200-00071648 you know my name is uh so and so that i don't have to make these runs
-4QYSQjxKII-00112-00071648-00072224 i get paid this much so i'm not really going to bust my ass uh to win the ball um you know
-4QYSQjxKII-00113-00072328-00072840 he's not putting in any effort so why should i why should i kill myself for the team and it's and
-4QYSQjxKII-00114-00072840-00073248 it's a ripple effect on the whole squad and then it affects some of the players that actually want
-4QYSQjxKII-00115-00073248-00073752 to actually want to be there and actually want to play so overall in terms of the performance of
-4QYSQjxKII-00116-00073752-00074232 first half was great second half i mean they absolutely bottled it every week they come out
-4QYSQjxKII-00117-00074232-00074808 in little press conferences and little interviews talking about how they they know what the problems
-4QYSQjxKII-00118-00074808-00075128 are they're trying to fix this they're trying to fix that we need to be better they keep using
-4QYSQjxKII-00119-00075128-00075768 that word we need to be better well where is that we haven't seen it yet i mean it's been
-4QYSQjxKII-00120-00075768-00076264 how long now you know you you guys are most of these players are throwing manager under the bus
-4QYSQjxKII-00121-00076424-00076872 week in week out and then use the company now doing interviews saying um the mentality is
-4QYSQjxKII-00122-00076872-00077352 not right and this is not right and uh you know some players don't want to be here then sometimes
-4QYSQjxKII-00123-00077352-00077792 they're coming out and saying that i want to be here it doesn't it doesn't help the team at all so
-4QYSQjxKII-00124-00077904-00078312 i don't know i don't know where we go from here boys to to be honest with this club i have no idea
-4QYSQjxKII-00125-00078440-00078496 say well there
-4QYSQjxKII-00126-00078776-00079240 yes but yes guys butcher himself doesn't know where we need to go from here
-4QYSQjxKII-00127-00079240-00079688 as always guys make sure you subscribe smash that like button remember to share
-4QYSQjxKII-00128-00079688-00080080 i'm just about to bring up to check to strikes big up to yourself bro
-4QYSQjxKII-00129-00080312-00080888 that's all right like this is greatness as i say bro you get me so like yeah spit some facts man um
-4QYSQjxKII-00130-00080888-00081384 what was your overall thoughts on manchester united versus aston villa the two two draw
-4QYSQjxKII-00131-00081448-00082024 to be fair i'm not surprised looking at their first performance against them when we drew 1-1
-4QYSQjxKII-00132-00082104-00082544 it's pretty much why i expect it to be fair the only surprise that i do have
-4QYSQjxKII-00133-00082544-00083120 is the fact that bruno fernandez came out and said that he thought that he might control the game
-4QYSQjxKII-00134-00083224-00083648 we didn't control anything especially not in the second half aston villa were playing like a
-4QYSQjxKII-00135-00083648-00084504 better team and ramsey once again was man of the match fortunately for me united just don't have
-4QYSQjxKII-00136-00084576-00084984 good players or not good midfielders anyway when we look at matic
-4QYSQjxKII-00137-00084984-00085408 and fred three and a half star players three star players of course we're not going to
-4QYSQjxKII-00138-00085408-00085928 control the game with those sort of midfielders matic is too old he can't move about and fred
-4QYSQjxKII-00139-00085928-00086608 fred for me he's not elite we just need to improve our squad and i feel once we do that
-4QYSQjxKII-00140-00086608-00087232 we can go forward but until then performances like aston villa don't surprise me and to be too no up
-4QYSQjxKII-00141-00087360-00087912 ragnic has to get some blame as well because his substitutions were baffling why make two
-4QYSQjxKII-00142-00087912-00088488 substitutions in the 88th minute it makes zero sense so for me ragnic takes some responsibility
-4QYSQjxKII-00143-00088488-00089056 in that performance but ultimately the boys ain't good enough and i'm not surprised at all man
-4QYSQjxKII-00144-00089200-00089648 yeah absolutely i mean actually i don't i don't blame you for the way you feel we
-4QYSQjxKII-00145-00089648-00089936 all feel that same way as well when these players are not good enough
-4QYSQjxKII-00146-00090024-00090456 these good players are just not good enough at all man let me bring everyone in back into the
-4QYSQjxKII-00147-00090456-00090920 conversation of course so we can discuss the match in in full details guys as well remember if you're
-4QYSQjxKII-00148-00090920-00091312 new to this channel remember to subscribe smash that like button remember to share as well let
-4QYSQjxKII-00149-00091312-00091896 us know what your thoughts on on the game as well big up to you solo as all for tuning in big up to
-4QYSQjxKII-00150-00091896-00092272 of course mainland agenda make sure guys if you're watching on the play but make sure you subscribe
-4QYSQjxKII-00151-00092272-00092672 to my net agenda make sure you subscribe to football capital make sure you subscribe to munzee
-4QYSQjxKII-00152-00092672-00093376 talks as well they're all doing their work but yes guys i just took some breath all that promo
-4QYSQjxKII-00153-00093376-00093896 as well the breath out of you yeah me but yes guys back into the game of course match united in
-4QYSQjxKII-00154-00093896-00094496 that first 45 minutes not do it as again i said sorry doing well of course had an exceptional
-4QYSQjxKII-00155-00094496-00095064 first 45 minutes bruno fernandez scoring a goal going underneath butterfingers martinez guys
-4QYSQjxKII-00156-00095128-00095752 um i'm going to self review jegs as well again that first 45 minutes and of course after
-4QYSQjxKII-00157-00095752-00096232 anyone can jump in and then obviously once i press that bill we move on to the next half but
-4QYSQjxKII-00158-00096232-00096784 yes jegs first 45 minutes what was your thoughts on that what was it what were you impressed by
-4QYSQjxKII-00159-00096952-00097336 a lot of people were impressed by the first 45 but to be honest with you i just thought it was
-4QYSQjxKII-00160-00097392-00097832 an okay performance in the first 45. it was a lucky goal for the first goal
-4QYSQjxKII-00161-00097832-00098512 bruno's free kick should have been saved um i was enjoying the fact that was moving a bit forward
-4QYSQjxKII-00162-00098512-00099048 was we were controlling aspects of the game in the first half we created one or two chances but
-4QYSQjxKII-00163-00099216-00099544 it didn't really impress me that much um to be totally honest with you
-4QYSQjxKII-00164-00099544-00100152 it didn't at all i think bruno was probably one of our better players albeit he was passing the ball
-4QYSQjxKII-00165-00100312-00100936 to different locations that his passing range confuses me sometimes because he's got the ability
-4QYSQjxKII-00166-00100936-00101464 but he just moves mad on the pitch and just passes the ball to players that
-4QYSQjxKII-00167-00101552-00102096 where players should be but they're not there you know he misplaces a lot of balls so um
-4QYSQjxKII-00168-00102328-00102776 yeah i think you're right there man first off you know i'm sorry nothing really excited me about
-4QYSQjxKII-00169-00102776-00103376 that yeah yeah i get what you mean in terms of it it wasn't really the greatest but in terms of what
-4QYSQjxKII-00170-00103376-00104056 we have seen in the last couple of weeks for that to be an okay performance you know that's what
-4QYSQjxKII-00171-00104056-00104656 we're getting from these players at the moment i mean like it was like literally like one of our
-4QYSQjxKII-00172-00104656-00105192 better performances under ralph and he wasn't even that great like you i think you're right there
-4QYSQjxKII-00173-00105192-00105816 but um if you if we're looking trying to find positives i think um the movement from malanga
-4QYSQjxKII-00174-00105816-00106359 was fantastic i think in my opinion um even though and it's and it's funny it's funny that
-4QYSQjxKII-00175-00106359-00106776 we see this that we talk about some of the young players in our squad you know your greenwoods um
-4QYSQjxKII-00176-00106848-00107392 your rashfords and players like that who who play up front in that number nine row or even out wide
-4QYSQjxKII-00177-00107472-00108144 you you're like to them for them to have someone like cavani and ronaldo in the team to maybe
-4QYSQjxKII-00178-00108144-00108911 learn from it's just so weird that anthony elenga was the only one making the cavani movements i'm
-4QYSQjxKII-00179-00108911-00109288 looking at him he's making the run doesn't get the ball come back on so i'd make another run
-4QYSQjxKII-00180-00109344-00109816 not like we see with greenwood and rashford where they don't make they don't get the ball
-4QYSQjxKII-00181-00109816-00110216 and it's arms in the air or they stop their run like we've seen maybe rashford a little bit in
-4QYSQjxKII-00182-00110216-00110880 the the first village game in the fa cup so it's like no wonder no wonder elenga is starting over
-4QYSQjxKII-00183-00110880-00111240 martial and all these other players because there's a little bit of a hunger there i think
-4QYSQjxKII-00184-00111240-00111896 that was one of the the positives that we i got from from this game that hey look if the young
-4QYSQjxKII-00185-00111896-00112440 if the younger players if the youth players are going to show a bit more hunger get them all on
-4QYSQjxKII-00186-00112440-00112856 who cares what paper the rest of you guys are on if you don't want to bust your ass for the team
-4QYSQjxKII-00187-00112856-00113480 get out put put madre on when he comes back um from africa put all these players on that
-4QYSQjxKII-00188-00113480-00114120 want to play and gonna actually or do what the managers say or or try to do what the manager says
-4QYSQjxKII-00189-00114120-00114576 because there's a lot of pressing from alanga a lot of movement he got the ball he tried to move
-4QYSQjxKII-00190-00114576-00114983 it as quick as he can maybe there was a few times where maybe he should have passed the cavani for
-4QYSQjxKII-00191-00115048-00115464 for a shot on target but he was hungry you can see he was hungry to take that shot and get
-4QYSQjxKII-00192-00115464-00115928 a goal on target where how many in the last couple of games we can't even get a shot on
-4QYSQjxKII-00193-00115928-00116544 so that was a good positive for us i think yeah absolute positive elenga as well exceptionally
-4QYSQjxKII-00194-00116544-00116983 well we'll talk about a bit later guys when we discuss the players as well in this
-4QYSQjxKII-00195-00116983-00117552 of course bruno's goal came in mentioned that i go into the second half scoring the second
-4QYSQjxKII-00196-00117552-00118088 goal as well in the 70th minute mentioned that are doing well and then everything fell down from that
-4QYSQjxKII-00197-00118208-00119000 unable to control the midfield not making a change in the midfield um foreign what your thoughts on
-4QYSQjxKII-00198-00119000-00119416 the second half mention that i had screwing the goal two new up and then after that everything
-4QYSQjxKII-00199-00119416-00119959 just going wrong yeah in that second half i think it's just a case of after we got the second goal
-4QYSQjxKII-00200-00120024-00120616 the team just got tired and they just wasn't capable to see the game now and i think that's
-4QYSQjxKII-00201-00120616-00120896 something that ralph's gotta work on the team's fitness movie because
-4QYSQjxKII-00202-00120952-00121616 it's clear to see that there was a lack of proper training under the previous regime because we
-4QYSQjxKII-00203-00121616-00122072 saw in the first game against crypto palace we had a good 30 minutes and then the team faded
-4QYSQjxKII-00204-00122072-00122696 after doing that pressing in the second half so the team's still adjusting to ralph which is why
-4QYSQjxKII-00205-00122696-00123224 you saw how easily the winner got through us towards the end of the second half and
-4QYSQjxKII-00206-00123328-00123720 the ease of what they got for us was a bit concerning because we didn't even have like
-4QYSQjxKII-00207-00123720-00124288 that mcguire that was signing the fence we had that a good lineup in that back floor and we
-4QYSQjxKII-00208-00124288-00124792 expected there was enough pace and experience to see the game out by the way just getting
-4QYSQjxKII-00209-00124792-00125335 one twos and players i think it was it means or someone that ran through like three united blues
-4QYSQjxKII-00210-00125400-00126064 and then did a one two three and then scored but i saw that before no this this united team
-4QYSQjxKII-00211-00126064-00126608 needs a lot of work teams should not be scoring goals like that against our defense like that
-4QYSQjxKII-00212-00126672-00127335 so the way that we finished where we just finished like we just literally swept that draw
-4QYSQjxKII-00213-00127416-00127872 there's definitely a lot of a lot of work to be done because if there was another 10 minutes we
-4QYSQjxKII-00214-00127872-00128368 would have probably end up losing because we just lacked a lot of control of the game and
-4QYSQjxKII-00215-00128424-00128728 we just started misplacing a lot of passes it's almost as if
-4QYSQjxKII-00216-00128800-00129320 the team just lost their concentration and their time just kicked in and all basic five-year-old
-4QYSQjxKII-00217-00129320-00129888 parties were just going astray especially in midfield where ralph talks about trying to control
-4QYSQjxKII-00218-00129888-00130383 games but we literally just lost control in that second half and just scraped that draw in the end
-4QYSQjxKII-00219-00130464-00131104 yeah definitely ralph did say that control control control and in in reality when it comes to the
-4QYSQjxKII-00220-00131104-00131552 practical side would not control the midfield it's just a matter of personnel sometimes but
-4QYSQjxKII-00221-00131552-00132384 i'm gonna affect you and um sorry munzee of course um what you spoke um glowingly about elenga you
-4QYSQjxKII-00222-00132384-00132968 was also impressed with anthony himself and what was your thoughts on anthony langer's performance
-4QYSQjxKII-00223-00133144-00133664 well i thought it was one of the better ones you know done better than rashford as um you know my
-4QYSQjxKII-00224-00133664-00134160 portsmouth rashford last season but he was he was injured last season so i let him off but
-4QYSQjxKII-00225-00134160-00134776 this season i don't know i don't know what what's going on i think you know it's just you know as
-4QYSQjxKII-00226-00134776-00135336 as one of your videos said is he still going to be is he united quality because you know i think
-4QYSQjxKII-00227-00135336-00135776 he's got it it's just he's just like it's just not performing at the moment i don't know what's
-4QYSQjxKII-00228-00135776-00136384 going on with him but yeah langer a language of breath from fresh air and as um someone said
-4QYSQjxKII-00229-00136384-00136952 you know put the youth in you know got nothing to fear just go out there play for the shirt and you
-4QYSQjxKII-00230-00136952-00137728 say welcome on it kimani's play uh scored one goal since he started for united started has gets evan
-4QYSQjxKII-00231-00137728-00138344 one goal it's not good enough um you know and i know cavani's does this does that you know
-4QYSQjxKII-00232-00138344-00139056 he's 30 is he 34 was he older than that he's 34 he's gonna leave at the end of the season is he
-4QYSQjxKII-00233-00139056-00139672 is he bothered is he bothered if he you know is he bothered he don't i know he does look bothered but
-4QYSQjxKII-00234-00139672-00140160 you know the goal to give away he give the goal away putting that ball up in the air but alan you
-4QYSQjxKII-00235-00140160-00140776 know since the language come off i thought we lost the pace greenwood went a bit hey well um sancho
-4QYSQjxKII-00236-00140904-00141472 sanchez didn't do a lot either but yeah allan was about to match two went off but yeah as as drive
-4QYSQjxKII-00237-00141472-00141880 said we just lost in the midfield match was you know i think matt's could have got his walking
-4QYSQjxKII-00238-00141880-00142440 stick out you know i mean that's how bad he got um we just missed i can't believe i'm saying mr
-4QYSQjxKII-00239-00142440-00142944 mctominay just to have someone extra on to come on and change it with a bit of you know we all know
-4QYSQjxKII-00240-00142944-00143512 we haven't got a great midfield we all know that and that's where we get done yeah yeah
-4QYSQjxKII-00241-00143584-00143976 i just throw in there like we've with the stick that rashford is getting right
-4QYSQjxKII-00242-00143976-00144360 i do agree that he should have been dropped because the performances haven't been
-4QYSQjxKII-00243-00144360-00144920 haven't been the best but i also think it's more than just maybe coming back from that injury i
-4QYSQjxKII-00244-00144920-00145432 think it might it just looks like there's it's it's more on the mental health side than it is
-4QYSQjxKII-00245-00145432-00145856 anything to do with football it just feels like that there's he doesn't it doesn't look like he's
-4QYSQjxKII-00246-00145856-00146392 playing with any sort of energy there's no like it's like he doesn't communicate with the rest
-4QYSQjxKII-00247-00146392-00146912 of the team doesn't he doesn't have that smile on his face um like we've seen even last season
-4QYSQjxKII-00248-00146984-00147600 so i think it's more than just um the football that has to be we have to worry about uh rashford
-4QYSQjxKII-00249-00147600-00148040 so the people behind the scenes whether he got dropped for that for that reason more so than
-4QYSQjxKII-00250-00148040-00148488 his football and hopefully they can fix that but i think we've got to remember when rashford came
-4QYSQjxKII-00251-00148488-00149048 back in he came back in against leicester scored scored almost straight away and then our defense
-4QYSQjxKII-00252-00149048-00149624 decided to bottle it and throw the game away and then look at the run that we that we were
-4QYSQjxKII-00253-00149696-00150456 we went into liverpool um uh man city we had a few difficult champions league games we which one of
-4QYSQjxKII-00254-00150456-00151000 them i think it was the atlanta villarreal where he started the comeback he scored the goal to get
-4QYSQjxKII-00255-00151000-00151480 start the comeback so we thrown marcus rashford into these games where the whole team has been
-4QYSQjxKII-00256-00151552-00152112 and they were like go on and save us and now we're putting everything on his on on his shoulders that
-4QYSQjxKII-00257-00152112-00152592 you're not good enough football iq and everyone's right when they say that 100 and i do believe you
-4QYSQjxKII-00258-00152592-00153072 should have been dropped because if you're not performing for whatever reason football mental
-4QYSQjxKII-00259-00153072-00153648 health or whatever family thing is what are you going to come here for yeah i just think
-4QYSQjxKII-00260-00153784-00154408 we don't need to put that much pressure on marcus rashford's shoulders and wrap it up
-4QYSQjxKII-00261-00154408-00154872 i'm wrapping it up i think i think with cavani i think his movement is very important because
-4QYSQjxKII-00262-00154944-00155632 the runs that he makes opens up space for players like bruno plays like ronaldo when he's playing um
-4QYSQjxKII-00263-00155632-00156128 greenwood as well to take to take them shots i think i know i know his age but i think cavani
-4QYSQjxKII-00264-00156128-00156480 plays an important part right even though he doesn't score one goal or whatever it might be
-4QYSQjxKII-00265-00156584-00157152 that is fantastic bro he had to get the rashford in there you know you know which is all right you
-4QYSQjxKII-00266-00157152-00157592 know i understand exactly what he's trying to say there butcher guys as well let us know what
-4QYSQjxKII-00267-00157592-00157992 your thoughts of of the game the first half of the second after those who are watching as well those
-4QYSQjxKII-00268-00157992-00158456 who watch on the playback smash that like button we're going to move it on to it of course quickly
-4QYSQjxKII-00269-00158456-00158880 just everyone's matching man of the match don't kill the match and then we move on to the players
-4QYSQjxKII-00270-00158936-00159520 and of course managers and media reaction i'm going to start off with you about um quickly who's
-4QYSQjxKII-00271-00159520-00159984 your man in the match and who was your donkey of the match i'm going to give man of the match to to
-4QYSQjxKII-00272-00159984-00160536 alenga i think yeah like like i mentioned before about his performance and i'm going to say fred
-4QYSQjxKII-00273-00160536-00161112 rose as a donkey of the match because i think if you're playing you need to control the game and
-4QYSQjxKII-00274-00161112-00161616 it was literally off the kickoff we passed the ball out off the kickoff so we can't even do
-4QYSQjxKII-00275-00161616-00162248 that right um so you're fred donkey of the match and what about you jerome who was your man in the
-4QYSQjxKII-00276-00162248-00162816 match and also who was your donkey of the match yeah definitely was my man in the match he was
-4QYSQjxKII-00277-00162816-00163416 just a breath of fresh air that's the guy saying was that going out there with no fear bright spark
-4QYSQjxKII-00278-00163416-00164064 usually energy and enthusiasm hopefully long term that rubs off on the rest of the team and helps
-4QYSQjxKII-00279-00164064-00164592 push the team forward so i'm looking forward to seeing more from milan i definitely agree
-4QYSQjxKII-00280-00164696-00165112 fred was definitely my daughter the match i didn't see nothing good for him
-4QYSQjxKII-00281-00165240-00165792 and he's just always better than five blood passes and he just looks like a bit of a
-4QYSQjxKII-00282-00165792-00166360 nuisance around the pitch he just doesn't look like he's got any good positional sense as well
-4QYSQjxKII-00283-00166440-00166896 so yeah he just he's the one that just kind of messed up the before balance really
-4QYSQjxKII-00284-00166968-00167528 so i'll definitely say he's a good bigger match and of course jegs what about you who was your
-4QYSQjxKII-00285-00167528-00167920 man in the match and also who was your donkey of the match and after that munzee you let us know
-4QYSQjxKII-00286-00168024-00168704 um i agree with the boys that elengo was on point he was energetic he was a
-4QYSQjxKII-00287-00168896-00169504 breath of fresh air and i feel like rashford shouldn't be starting um he needs a break he
-4QYSQjxKII-00288-00169504-00170152 needs three four weeks off i said two weeks last week three four weeks off and landed needs to be
-4QYSQjxKII-00289-00170152-00170792 in the mix because he gave us something that we haven't seen for a little while even with sancho
-4QYSQjxKII-00290-00170792-00171296 sanjo hasn't been performing sancho came on and replaced elanga and he did [ __ ] up so
-4QYSQjxKII-00291-00171296-00171856 my donkey would go to sancho unfortunately he didn't play for too long but he didn't show or
-4QYSQjxKII-00292-00171856-00172448 provide my united with nothing going forward so sachin needs to look in the mirror and see
-4QYSQjxKII-00293-00172448-00172944 ask himself some questions because i don't really know what's going on with him as well um i'm my
-4QYSQjxKII-00294-00172944-00173600 man of the match elanga very close but seeing as bruno got the two goals i'd give it to bruno
-4QYSQjxKII-00295-00174352-00174768 uh yeah as i said earlier fresh air my donkey in a match is dallow
-4QYSQjxKII-00296-00174840-00175296 blow can't defend the topic i can defend ben and dallo and i'm flipping
-4QYSQjxKII-00297-00175296-00175912 nine in stone whatever so i mean he can't defend for toffee i want to give it a cavani but no i'm
-4QYSQjxKII-00298-00175912-00176552 giving it a download i just think should have let him go away milan when we did um but yeah so dallo
-4QYSQjxKII-00299-00176760-00177296 wow what what interesting things you know big up to ems as well he said he's just tuned in
-4QYSQjxKII-00300-00177296-00177600 asking what have you missed you just missed us discussing the match you're about to run
-4QYSQjxKII-00301-00177600-00178120 it up with the mattress wall and of course his man the match was anthony lenga he's donkey
-4QYSQjxKII-00302-00178120-00178856 or the match boy the donkey boy i don't know man the center of the park is the whole of the donkey
-4QYSQjxKII-00303-00178856-00179408 of the match you also said what can you do with a few minutes to go chase i disagree with you he
-4QYSQjxKII-00304-00179408-00179904 also said actually cavani was poor my man the match is quite different of course um i have
-4QYSQjxKII-00305-00179904-00180568 to go with bruno fernandez um of course i'm all about the money when you flash the money to me
-4QYSQjxKII-00306-00180568-00181056 you guys are all about the hard work and all that stuff auntie and lenga xyz me i'm about the goals
-4QYSQjxKII-00307-00181056-00181400 and assists and all that kind of stuff because i just thought he deserved it yeah i mean he
-4QYSQjxKII-00308-00181400-00182016 was exceptional um bruno as well especially he was a bit more disciplined compared to previous
-4QYSQjxKII-00309-00182016-00182576 games he wasn't doing the hollywood passes the no look touches no look passes and et cetera he was
-4QYSQjxKII-00310-00182576-00183048 instrumental but anthony elanga was equally up there i was really impressed and i have
-4QYSQjxKII-00311-00183048-00183640 to agree with you guys yes ref marcus rashford needs a holiday where he can stare at the ocean
-4QYSQjxKII-00312-00183640-00184152 for good five hours and wonder about his life you know that's what he really needs
-4QYSQjxKII-00313-00184152-00184816 a deep holiday like that but yeah again don't give the match uh my opinion cavani itself like
-4QYSQjxKII-00314-00184888-00185360 i just don't know everyone always talks about again before i was saying earlier on before
-4QYSQjxKII-00315-00185360-00185856 we get we went live everyone always says anything about like oh another dog press yes i've seen
-4QYSQjxKII-00316-00185856-00186416 ronaldo press release press he presses he gets there he tries to hold them up even instructs
-4QYSQjxKII-00317-00186416-00187216 them to come up tight and etc yeah and it yes they showed if we don't create chances the strikers
-4QYSQjxKII-00318-00187216-00187760 will never get service as much as cavani pressed and all that stuff nothing to show for because
-4QYSQjxKII-00319-00187760-00188408 why the problem is coming from elsewhere we're not creating charleston but he wasn't effective to me
-4QYSQjxKII-00320-00188408-00188992 i'm gonna have to bring up the pretty [ __ ] up pretty [ __ ] up before i move it on to the match
-4QYSQjxKII-00321-00188992-00189648 um the um the media reaction quickly your thoughts on the match man in the match and duncan match
-4QYSQjxKII-00322-00189976-00190288 it was disappointing to see us go out through the match
-4QYSQjxKII-00323-00190288-00190800 after she goes late but for me everyone played [ __ ] oh
-4QYSQjxKII-00324-00191008-00191824 i would say bruno man of the match because obviously goes two goals and literally i would say
-4QYSQjxKII-00325-00191824-00192504 everyone else was just don't care of the match like no one played from better it was [ __ ]
-4QYSQjxKII-00326-00192504-00192960 and that's it guys we're moving on straight to the next topic of course guys make sure
-4QYSQjxKII-00327-00192960-00193264 you let us know we or don't you the match was your man in the match what's well
-4QYSQjxKII-00328-00193384-00193784 remember to subscribe smash that like button as well we'll pick up everyone here
-4QYSQjxKII-00329-00193784-00194176 but we're going to move along to the media reaction and of course reaction from the players
-4QYSQjxKII-00330-00194320-00194928 again with the guy's thoughts on it after the game of course came out with
-4QYSQjxKII-00331-00194928-00195376 let's start off with um bruno's um response of the game first of all
-4QYSQjxKII-00332-00195536-00196056 bruno said that of course he said i am not happy at all everyone is happy to score goals but i
-4QYSQjxKII-00333-00196056-00196616 prefer to win the game i prefer to take away my two goals and let someone else go and win
-4QYSQjxKII-00334-00196616-00197344 the game today my two goals make no sense because we only got if we only got one point and not free
-4QYSQjxKII-00335-00197512-00198280 bruno also said actually no raykin also said as well um cavani was poor i was surprised he
-4QYSQjxKII-00336-00198280-00198840 racked me left him on the whole game as you know wrecking always says something that ragnarok
-4QYSQjxKII-00337-00198840-00199376 regarding him he also said when you are tuning up you have to defend it better than we did in
-4QYSQjxKII-00338-00199376-00200048 the last 15 minutes we gave away too many balls and were not compact therefore concede two goals
-4QYSQjxKII-00339-00200136-00200656 bradley also said very difficult to find some positive of the 95 minutes we had a spell where
-4QYSQjxKII-00340-00200656-00201312 i i felt it was our best game since i've come came here and completely dominated the first 30 minutes
-4QYSQjxKII-00341-00201312-00201888 i'm going to throw this on to you um but quickly he said that in his opinion that he felt it was
-4QYSQjxKII-00342-00201888-00202360 very difficult to find some positive of the night but i mean he said that we had a spell where he
-4QYSQjxKII-00343-00202360-00202896 felt that it was our bit one of his best games since he's come here and completely dominated
-4QYSQjxKII-00344-00202896-00203208 in the first 30 minutes what's your opinion that do you agree with him
-4QYSQjxKII-00345-00203296-00203664 yeah i think and this is the one thing i like about ralph because i think he kind of
-4QYSQjxKII-00346-00203664-00204208 in his press conferences caused the game as pretty much every other fan like when we watch
-4QYSQjxKII-00347-00204208-00204616 the game it's like yeah we were lacking in here went good enough here and he calls her
-4QYSQjxKII-00348-00204616-00205200 where you know previous managers would deflect and try you know you know protect players and all that
-4QYSQjxKII-00349-00205200-00205608 where ralph is he's here yeah midfield wasn't good enough her passing wasn't good enough he wasn't
-4QYSQjxKII-00350-00205608-00206119 good enough he kind of says that at least and i kind of agree with him um to be honest i think
-4QYSQjxKII-00351-00206119-00206623 i think um before he even came in when carrick was in charge there was rumors that he was influencing
-4QYSQjxKII-00352-00206623-00207423 the lineup and he's the um rumors that he he had his philosophy put through what right before he
-4QYSQjxKII-00353-00207423-00207832 came in if you look at his philosophy and the way he speaks about he how he how he likes to
-4QYSQjxKII-00354-00207832-00208616 play that arsenal game was to the t ralph radnick yeah we win the ball we win the ball in 10 seconds
-4QYSQjxKII-00355-00208616-00208992 and we score within the next eight and that's every goal that we scored against arsenal was
-4QYSQjxKII-00356-00208992-00209456 exactly the same we had maguire pushing up so every every book has forward maguire was taking
-4QYSQjxKII-00357-00209456-00209888 shots in that in in them games i think that was a more of a route-friendly performance than than
-4QYSQjxKII-00358-00209888-00210376 we've seen so far but i think he's right with the comments after that game with bruno it's the same
-4QYSQjxKII-00359-00210376-00210856 thing every week these players come out oh we'll be better we do mistakes it's not good enough
-4QYSQjxKII-00360-00210856-00211512 yeah show us enough with this with this talk show us your social media posts every every week we
-4QYSQjxKII-00361-00211512-00212000 apologize nana do give us the free points and we don't want to hear you you're not here to be
-4QYSQjxKII-00362-00212056-00212423 my a friend on social media where i want to see what you're what you're talking about
-4QYSQjxKII-00363-00212423-00212984 show us on the field give us the three points but don't waste the time or we get one
-4QYSQjxKII-00364-00213408-00214023 for that one guys but yes dragon also said elenga did well he had two good chances to score but he
-4QYSQjxKII-00365-00214023-00214608 showed that what i expected him to do i knew what he would give us so i played him from the start
-4QYSQjxKII-00366-00214608-00215056 amok what's your thoughts on that ragna saying that he knew that length would do well he said
-4QYSQjxKII-00367-00215056-00215496 he you know he had two people he said that he knew what he would do and expecting him to do
-4QYSQjxKII-00368-00215496-00216023 exactly what he said what you have to say about that especially performance as well yeah i believe
-4QYSQjxKII-00369-00216023-00216600 um obviously he's been the man he's been training this place he's personally think like he can do
-4QYSQjxKII-00370-00216600-00217000 something that's a young story these youngsters these days they got different mentality maybe
-4QYSQjxKII-00371-00217000-00217512 during training session alain will be putting in work so him playing and doing what he'd done i'm
-4QYSQjxKII-00372-00217512-00218064 impressed like it's actually good to see youngster come in and do what he did he actually did well
-4QYSQjxKII-00373-00218064-00218600 like what the manager said in the first 30 minutes when we dominated the march and lingo was running
-4QYSQjxKII-00374-00218600-00219071 up on people and it brought me back to the old united when rashford was just busting this in
-4QYSQjxKII-00375-00219071-00219719 i wish to run the people in that but it's like i said we need this same place coming and doing the
-4QYSQjxKII-00376-00219719-00220240 same thing forget whatever you've been going on in the media we just come and do the same thing
-4QYSQjxKII-00377-00220240-00220704 allen have been brilliant his past two games hopefully stays like this not just a glimpse
-4QYSQjxKII-00378-00220816-00221480 yes and of course ragnar also said that right now it's very disappointing but we showed what
-4QYSQjxKII-00379-00221480-00222071 a step forward but it was about getting the result it feels like two points lost and given away which
-4QYSQjxKII-00380-00222071-00222719 is right two points were lost and given away which disappointed us and for that guys we will move
-4QYSQjxKII-00381-00222719-00223576 on to the last bit which of course which we would discuss the situation with anthony martial guys uh
-4QYSQjxKII-00382-00223696-00224271 after the match of course as you guys know they'd interviewed ralph raphae's post-match said this
-4QYSQjxKII-00383-00224271-00224992 famous quote regarding martial where he said he martial didn't want to be in the squad he would
-4QYSQjxKII-00384-00224992-00225592 have been in the squad normally but he didn't want to and that was the reason why he didn't
-4QYSQjxKII-00385-00225592-00226167 travel with us yesterday of course people of course get these words together and they just
-4QYSQjxKII-00386-00226167-00226896 throw it anything all sorts but a lot of aftermath came after that with martial later on very early
-4QYSQjxKII-00387-00226896-00227256 in the morning apparently around two o'clock in the morning three o'clock in the morning
-4QYSQjxKII-00388-00227319-00227760 so when someone wakes up in the morning or lingers at night can't sleep
-4QYSQjxKII-00389-00227816-00228280 there is something there there is something there's like patrice evra waking up by four
-4QYSQjxKII-00390-00228280-00228760 o'clock in the morning with a 19-minute post about manchester united we've all been there
-4QYSQjxKII-00391-00228760-00229328 waking up eight o'clock in the morning like i want this manager out i'm hurting right now you know
-4QYSQjxKII-00392-00229328-00229856 it's it's it's normal but martial came out two o'clock three o'clock in the morning saying that i
-4QYSQjxKII-00393-00229856-00230440 i will never refuse to play at a match for man united i've been here for seven years and i
-4QYSQjxKII-00394-00230440-00231040 never disrespected and will never disrespect the club and the fans martial was saying that me i'm
-4QYSQjxKII-00395-00231040-00231584 in frenzy more because martial wants to leave the room is there there he made it clear that he wants
-4QYSQjxKII-00396-00231584-00231992 to move on so therefore if you want to move on your mind's not in there i'm going to start off
-4QYSQjxKII-00397-00231992-00232536 with you jax everyone else off that bring your thoughts and your mind to the situation regarding
-4QYSQjxKII-00398-00232536-00233464 martial any future we have 10 minutes and let's go let's go ding ding yes martial man i wish him all
-4QYSQjxKII-00399-00233464-00233928 the best for the future you know and i wish he can go to a league where he can flourish score
-4QYSQjxKII-00400-00233928-00234592 plenty of goals get back into the french team prop him properly and just be the player he can be but
-4QYSQjxKII-00401-00234656-00235136 he can't be we can't do that at my united we've seen him for the last few years now and he hasn't
-4QYSQjxKII-00402-00235136-00235832 really done much apart from that apart from that one season where he scored what was it 23 goals
-4QYSQjxKII-00403-00235832-00236576 around that um he clearly wants to leave and he just needs to move on united have a knack of not
-4QYSQjxKII-00404-00236576-00237088 being able to move players on man i think that's our biggest problem so i feel like the board
-4QYSQjxKII-00405-00237144-00237760 and ragnic need to do them utmost to make sure he leaves the club this month because whoever doesn't
-4QYSQjxKII-00406-00237760-00238223 want to be there we don't want to see them on the pitch martial already doesn't do much so
-4QYSQjxKII-00407-00238416-00238848 i don't really need to see him i think elenga can take his place but i wish him all the best
-4QYSQjxKII-00408-00239152-00239448 yes guys who else wants to add to that as well of course
-4QYSQjxKII-00409-00239519-00240032 with um with martial saying that he's never wanted to play i've seen some of his performances he
-4QYSQjxKII-00410-00240032-00240560 didn't look like he wanted to play when he played sure i mean um i think i think if he
-4QYSQjxKII-00411-00240560-00241104 if the manager says that then he should be responding quite straight away you don't leave it
-4QYSQjxKII-00412-00241104-00241648 till as you said two o'clock in the morning oh no no i never said that he's probably he's probably
-4QYSQjxKII-00413-00241648-00242216 raised agent and said well i did say it what should i say do i mean and he said that you know
-4QYSQjxKII-00414-00242296-00242688 i believe what ralph said i don't believe what what he said to be fair um
-4QYSQjxKII-00415-00242976-00243616 i don't really i'm in the middle just because like i know there's a lot of politics game had on the
-4QYSQjxKII-00416-00243616-00244200 back of manchester united that we don't know about like we seen fletcher in the pitch with trackies
-4QYSQjxKII-00417-00244767-00245328 he's not meant to be suited up sitting next to them you got traps you in the pitch like come on
-4QYSQjxKII-00418-00245488-00246152 you know what to be fair with um ronaldo at 36 can't play every game and rush for
-4QYSQjxKII-00419-00246152-00246752 the form i definitely think that ralph would have needed martial and listen i don't think
-4QYSQjxKII-00420-00246752-00247248 it's right much help i don't think it's him because listen we've seen people say stuff
-4QYSQjxKII-00421-00247248-00247664 and stood by what they said didn't it he said he wanted to leave don't you think if he said
-4QYSQjxKII-00422-00247664-00248167 that he was going to come and say i said that come on he don't [ __ ] him once you leave like
-4QYSQjxKII-00423-00248167-00248912 this is what it takes going on you used to play though of course he goes to play like remember he
-4QYSQjxKII-00424-00248912-00249408 said this and they said that he's gonna win the truth gonna come out because if he kept quiet
-4QYSQjxKII-00425-00249408-00249856 it would have been just all right but now he said something eventually the truth is gonna come up so
-4QYSQjxKII-00426-00249856-00250400 allah said to us here let's sit back and watch what happens i like my child i want him to go
-4QYSQjxKII-00427-00250456-00250880 you get me i want him to go but at the end of the day i just want people to be honest
-4QYSQjxKII-00428-00250880-00251408 with what they do there's so much going on at the club that it's affecting the players
-4QYSQjxKII-00429-00251616-00252040 in the place it could be one of them things where it's taken a little bit out of context because
-4QYSQjxKII-00430-00252040-00252528 we've heard ralph say in an interview that if players don't want to be here then they can go
-4QYSQjxKII-00431-00252528-00253256 now so let's let's just take that and be like if he's gone to martial do you want to be here
-4QYSQjxKII-00432-00253256-00253608 and he's going no i want to i want to leave whether it's the play because at the moment
-4QYSQjxKII-00433-00253608-00254336 his sixth choice because he's behind definitely behind ronaldo probably now alanga greenwood even
-4QYSQjxKII-00434-00254336-00254864 rashford so his sixth choice to play anywhere in the in the front three positions so it's like
-4QYSQjxKII-00435-00254864-00255248 all right no you don't want to be here which means you don't want to play it could it could
-4QYSQjxKII-00436-00255248-00255680 be taken in them terms yeah if you want if you don't want to be here you can leave yes i want
-4QYSQjxKII-00437-00255680-00256216 to yes i want to leave okay that means you don't want to play so it could be taken out of context
-4QYSQjxKII-00438-00256271-00256776 i mean i would i don't know why ralph look ralph shouldn't have said that in the first place but i
-4QYSQjxKII-00439-00256776-00257280 don't know why he ralph would say something like that if it wasn't true let's not forget if he's
-4QYSQjxKII-00440-00257280-00257823 really going upstairs at the end of the or next season for two years he's still gonna be here
-4QYSQjxKII-00441-00257823-00258216 so it's like yeah no worries i'm still gonna be here you're not gonna you're not gonna be
-4QYSQjxKII-00442-00258216-00258648 here because i'll advise the board and everyone to sell you because you don't get the right attitude
-4QYSQjxKII-00443-00258648-00259192 and right mindset uh to play for the club we don't even know i think it's just maybe taken out of um
-4QYSQjxKII-00444-00259280-00259536 context a little bit maybe lost in translation somewhere but
-4QYSQjxKII-00445-00259712-00260080 if we go by the eye test we all know martial hasn't really been good enough and if he
-4QYSQjxKII-00446-00260080-00260616 leaves i don't think any anyone will really be complaining we all i think we all kind of hoped
-4QYSQjxKII-00447-00260680-00261064 he was better than he is but it's just one of them situations it's just like i think it's
-4QYSQjxKII-00448-00261064-00261504 more deflecting from the bigger problems at the moment that the club actually has so it's like
-4QYSQjxKII-00449-00261504-00262023 let's not focus about the result martial put this out on his social media focus on that don't worry
-4QYSQjxKII-00450-00262023-00262456 about the result focus on that okay which is really the distraction yeah we're not talking
-4QYSQjxKII-00451-00262456-00263016 about the result anymore we're all talking about the drama now you know what i think it's going to
-4QYSQjxKII-00452-00263016-00263576 be happening i just think that um ralph he ain't got no reason to lie they asked him why he's not
-4QYSQjxKII-00453-00263576-00264136 playing he's told him just he doesn't want to play so why would martial lie he said he'd been there
-4QYSQjxKII-00454-00264136-00264760 for seven years he's never been disrespectful he said germans don't lie germans don't lie they're
-4QYSQjxKII-00455-00264760-00265336 straight to the point you know politicians lie martial said he wanted to leave so i don't know
-4QYSQjxKII-00456-00265336-00265808 what he's on about so i'm i'm choosing who i want to believe the person that said they
-4QYSQjxKII-00457-00265808-00266208 wanted to leave they don't want to be here are you going to believe them or the person that
-4QYSQjxKII-00458-00266208-00266664 came and said wrath my man said you don't want to be in this minute i just think i just think
-4QYSQjxKII-00459-00266664-00267248 managers managers now it's just not always towards ralph being correct because as i was saying before
-4QYSQjxKII-00460-00267248-00267792 we kind of need martial to play because we're kind of sure we've got a few strikers that are reformed
-4QYSQjxKII-00461-00267792-00268200 and he's obviously our smart shot to play and he doesn't want to play he wants to leave no no i
-4QYSQjxKII-00462-00268200-00268984 don't think that's the reason i don't know whether he's relying on ronaldo and cavani to get us back
-4QYSQjxKII-00463-00270296-00270664 what has he shown us in the last couple years to say that we need
-4QYSQjxKII-00464-00270664-00271040 him like no we already need him all these people are saying what have they done for us though
-4QYSQjxKII-00465-00271248-00271392 come on take chances
-4QYSQjxKII-00466-00273112-00273480 he wants to leave and managers don't like many places they want to leave the club he
-4QYSQjxKII-00467-00273480-00273832 wants to leave but he still needs to play so he made the manager if he's
-4QYSQjxKII-00468-00273832-00274216 not playing nobody's gonna want to buy him yeah but that's that's the thing that's the
-4QYSQjxKII-00469-00274216-00274600 only team that's in is surreal and they don't even want to pay because of guys
-4QYSQjxKII-00470-00274800-00275272 guys so all i want to say now i just want to hear i just want to get every single one of youmartial
-4QYSQjxKII-00471-00275272-00275848 to stay or go or was he oh no no martial was he wrong all right do you know no forget that do you
-4QYSQjxKII-00472-00275848-00276288 believe martial do you believe ragnick that's it that's all i want to know going for everyone and
-4QYSQjxKII-00473-00276288-00276648 then we're going to wrap up the show because of course we've come to the end of the show we'll
-4QYSQjxKII-00474-00276648-00277184 start with you football capital uh i'm going to say i believe ragnick first of all now do
-4QYSQjxKII-00475-00277184-00277656 you believe ragnick or do you believe martial situation easy touching truth yeah look i can't
-4QYSQjxKII-00476-00277656-00278256 yeah i think i think it's more redneck that's that's correct um i just think managers now have
-4QYSQjxKII-00477-00278256-00278544 had enough you've seen it for about the premier league two sure doesn't give a [ __ ] anymore
-4QYSQjxKII-00478-00278616-00279024 you know strip captaincy you're gone i think they've had enough of this player power and
-4QYSQjxKII-00479-00279024-00279424 i just like like the guy was saying ems was saying there's no reason for the german to
-4QYSQjxKII-00480-00279424-00279952 lie i mean like i i'm sticking to his but i think i do think it's there's somewhere it's lost in um
-4QYSQjxKII-00481-00280016-00280408 translation there between the two players or between the manager and the player or it could
-4QYSQjxKII-00482-00280408-00280976 be a thing where it's um or uh you're going to be in the squad martial i want to start i want
-4QYSQjxKII-00483-00280976-00281312 to be in the squad well if you don't want to be in the squad don't play and then he's like
-4QYSQjxKII-00484-00281312-00281768 all right don't play me it could be one of them little little hit in the moment things and now
-4QYSQjxKII-00485-00281768-00282240 it's taken out of proportion so i don't know i'm a little bit on the fence but more turn around
-4QYSQjxKII-00486-00282416-00282880 and jerome what about you quickly yeah i think it's def i think definitely ralph's telling the
-4QYSQjxKII-00487-00282880-00283424 truth to be honest because as i was saying he needed uh martial in the squad and martial's
-4QYSQjxKII-00488-00283424-00283784 probably thinking i'm just going to be sitting on the bench the spot that's going to be on me
-4QYSQjxKII-00489-00283784-00284160 because obviously it's been reported that i want to leave and you know the camera is just going to
-4QYSQjxKII-00490-00284160-00284648 be on him to show him looking like he's soaking and he's just going to create more headlines so
-4QYSQjxKII-00491-00284648-00285096 he's probably just talking about if i'm not going to play in the starting eleventh don't even pick
-4QYSQjxKII-00492-00285096-00285784 me i don't want it to sit on the bench that's what i think personally and what about you jegs
-4QYSQjxKII-00493-00285936-00286392 boy i believe my boy martial you know i don't know ragnick from anywhere
-4QYSQjxKII-00494-00286392-00286520 he's just been here for four weeks
-4QYSQjxKII-00495-00286936-00287568 martial been here for years i believe martial you know martial don't like competition
-4QYSQjxKII-00496-00288448-00288824 ragnick shouldn't have come out to the press and said that though i felt like i could kind
-4QYSQjxKII-00497-00288824-00289264 of free him under the bus he should have just said martial he's not part of my plans anymore
-4QYSQjxKII-00498-00289264-00289984 that's it these players these players throw the managers under the bus every single week
-4QYSQjxKII-00499-00290600-00290928 we've seen more fight from martial's wife while martial has been at the club
-4QYSQjxKII-00500-00290928-00291384 than martial come on let's get her into the squad
-4QYSQjxKII-00501-00291904-00292512 he needs to leave but it doesn't mean that i don't think he would refuse to play come on really
-4QYSQjxKII-00502-00292632-00293320 munzee yours quickly i want to wrap it up soon i i believe ralph i don't believe marshall that's it
-4QYSQjxKII-00503-00293672-00294144 i actually love the german mentality but for some reason i think there's some guy in behind those
-4QYSQjxKII-00504-00294144-00294680 we don't know so obviously with my child i think he said he wants to leave and he came out he said
-4QYSQjxKII-00505-00294680-00295056 i've been here for seven years i have never disrespected nothing he showed you reasons but
-4QYSQjxKII-00506-00295056-00295416 why would not just believe him i don't know from nowhere
-4QYSQjxKII-00507-00295416-00296056 he ha to me he hasn't shown me any reasons not no we've never heard no we've never heard anything
-4QYSQjxKII-00508-00296120-00296664 we've never had much help in the media for anything new yeah absolutely so it's never
-4QYSQjxKII-00509-00296664-00297128 said nothing it's one it's been one of them good he's a good good child
-4QYSQjxKII-00510-00297128-00297648 he's just been he's got he's not got it in him to be naughty jesus you've not seen him
-4QYSQjxKII-00511-00297944-00298552 you guys are out here believing a man that cheated on his ex ex-wife and then got a new wife so like
-4QYSQjxKII-00512-00298552-00299320 anyway guys let's move on guys of course that says i believe ralph i'm sorry man you also said let my
-4QYSQjxKII-00513-00299320-00300008 show not let martial go seven seasons not even got close to challenging the title let alone win
-4QYSQjxKII-00514-00300008-00300488 winning it he also said that your boy might show what he has done for the past seven seasons how
-4QYSQjxKII-00515-00300488-00301032 many times he got over 20 goals in the 70s i'm tired of him but big on you guys big up to you
-4QYSQjxKII-00516-00301032-00301576 guys who are tuning of course this is the end of the show of course again you'll see us next week
-4QYSQjxKII-00517-00301640-00302360 monday 8pm plus be there live as well and also remember to subscribe smash that like button
-4QYSQjxKII-00518-00302360-00302648 of course if you had a little bit of time i want to let you know where you can find
-4QYSQjxKII-00519-00302648-00303144 them boys but i can tell you them you can find football capital at football capital
-4QYSQjxKII-00520-00303216-00303904 same twitter and also instagram you can also find your own on instagram jerome on the school one and
-4QYSQjxKII-00521-00303904-00304472 of course you can find jax on instagram objects on the school unite munzee talks of course at
-4QYSQjxKII-00522-00304472-00305232 munzee talks as well and pretty flock underscore 16. guys and remember to subscribe to for capital
-4QYSQjxKII-00523-00305232-00305808 and also subscribe to munzee talks as well and last but not least remember to keep it united
-4QYSQjxKII-00524-00305944-00306424 guys it's hard right now you know but as always remember to keep united and also remember to keep
-4QYSQjxKII-00525-00306424-00306968 it ready night because we are out love from the boys we'll see you next week peace out
-4QYSQjxKII-00526-00307144-00307704 ollie out oh he's gone anyways
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-62irNDXl7E-00000-00001831-00002076 Recent national and international studies show
-62irNDXl7E-00001-00002076-00002326 that sustainable and responsible travelling 
-62irNDXl7E-00002-00002326-00002572 is of high interest for travellers.
-62irNDXl7E-00003-00002592-00003021 More than fifty percent want to get reliable information,
-62irNDXl7E-00004-00003032-00003331 to stay in environmentally  friendly hotels,
-62irNDXl7E-00005-00003331-00003669 and to reduce their climate impact and footprint.
-62irNDXl7E-00006-00003700-00004174 Certification is the easiest way to give credibility to information.
-62irNDXl7E-00007-00004204-00004452 With a master's in economics and tourism,
-62irNDXl7E-00008-00004455-00004841 Herbert Hamele has worked in tourism since 1985.
-62irNDXl7E-00009-00004857-00005097 With a focus on sustainability certification
-62irNDXl7E-00010-00005097-00005517 and good practices in Europe. Since 1993 he has been
-62irNDXl7E-00011-00005518-00005796 president and director of the European network
-62irNDXl7E-00012-00005796-00006142 for the development of sustainable tourism, Ecotrans,
-62irNDXl7E-00013-00006142-00006355 based in Germany, and manages the
-62irNDXl7E-00014-00006355-00006795 tourism2030.eu platform for sustainable tourism
-62irNDXl7E-00015-00006795-00006919 knowledge networking.
-62irNDXl7E-00016-00006964-00007240 Antonio Nicoletti is the general director of the
-62irNDXl7E-00017-00007240-00007642 Regional Agency for Territorial Development of Basilicata.
-62irNDXl7E-00018-00007642-00008084 He is a civil engineer and PhD in urban and regional planning.
-62irNDXl7E-00019-00008084-00008355 His main research and professional interests
-62irNDXl7E-00020-00008355-00008608 are focused on cultural heritage management
-62irNDXl7E-00021-00008608-00009062 for socio-economic innovation and development in urban contexts.
-62irNDXl7E-00022-00009069-00009375 Formerly, he was the director for strategic programmes
-62irNDXl7E-00023-00009377-00009709 and EU funds at the Municipality of Matera.
-62irNDXl7E-00024-00009726-00010057 He was a policy advisor for public administrations
-62irNDXl7E-00025-00010057-00010279 at the regional and city level.
-62irNDXl7E-00026-00010287-00010635 In the past, destination marketing was focused on
-62irNDXl7E-00027-00010635-00010967 attracting more visitors and meeting their expectations.
-62irNDXl7E-00028-00010996-00011426 Today, destinations follow a more holistic approach
-62irNDXl7E-00029-00011440-00011788 to achieve a high quality of life
-62irNDXl7E-00030-00011788-00012079 for the host population across all their activities,
-62irNDXl7E-00031-00012080-00012366 and a high level of visitor's fulfilment.
-62irNDXl7E-00032-00012366-00012641 If a destination wants to market their offer
-62irNDXl7E-00033-00012642-00012979 as sustainable tourism, the destination management
-62irNDXl7E-00034-00012979-00013332 organisation or DMO, in close collaboration
-62irNDXl7E-00035-00013333-00013627 with their tourism businesses and service providers,
-62irNDXl7E-00036-00013627-00013891 needs to focus on two main goals.
-62irNDXl7E-00037-00014002-00014275 The destination as a  better place to live
-62irNDXl7E-00038-00014276-00014515 and a better place to visit.
-62irNDXl7E-00039-00014572-00014996 Once the destination has obtained a green certificate,
-62irNDXl7E-00040-00015000-00015716 they should show the logo, promote the certificate
-62irNDXl7E-00041-00015733-00016218 with a short explanation and their own strengths
-62irNDXl7E-00042-00016226-00016491 initiatives, commitments on their website.
-62irNDXl7E-00043-00016563-00017104 Then, they should give priority in their promotion
-62irNDXl7E-00044-00017118-00017557 to those businesses and services that also have
-62irNDXl7E-00045-00017559-00017951 one of the many certification programmes,
-62irNDXl7E-00046-00017970-00018388 preferably a credible one, doing third-party auditing.
-62irNDXl7E-00047-00018609-00019026 In terms of target groups, the destination should give tips.
-62irNDXl7E-00048-00019097-00020007 How can their visitors help maintain and conserve nature,
-62irNDXl7E-00049-00020058-00020558 while having a nice nature and cultural experience,
-62irNDXl7E-00050-00020614-00021212 how to contribute to the economic situation
-62irNDXl7E-00051-00021213-00021672 in the destination, say by preferring local products
-62irNDXl7E-00052-00021692-00022058 from agriculture, organic food products
-62irNDXl7E-00053-00022060-00022330 or handicraft products.
-62irNDXl7E-00054-00022381-00022955 Altogether, the businesses should be seen
-62irNDXl7E-00055-00022955-00023275 and should see themselves as stones
-62irNDXl7E-00056-00023275-00023571 in a green destination mosaic.
-62irNDXl7E-00057-00023640-00024248 This can then be recognised and preferred by the traveller.
-62irNDXl7E-00058-00024327-00024709 Our culture, our attitude are naturally bound to
-62irNDXl7E-00059-00024719-00025172 environmental protection or the valorisation of
-62irNDXl7E-00060-00025216-00025653 environmental values and values of sustainability.
-62irNDXl7E-00061-00025671-00026191 This attitude can be found in normal activities
-62irNDXl7E-00062-00026191-00026562 of entrepreneurs, or institutions
-62irNDXl7E-00063-00026658-00027033 and this is one of the main reasons why
-62irNDXl7E-00064-00027123-00027932 we have green flags and blue flags on our coasts.
-62irNDXl7E-00065-00027952-00028440 Nearly ninety percent of the Basilicata coastline
-62irNDXl7E-00066-00028528-00028828 has been rewarded with the blue flag,
-62irNDXl7E-00067-00028830-00029258 this season as well as almost every year.
-62irNDXl7E-00068-00029417-00029994 Our villages were rewarded the orange flag
-62irNDXl7E-00069-00030022-00030276 by the Natural Tourism Board.
-62irNDXl7E-00070-00030475-00031246 We have six of the best villages in Italy.
-62irNDXl7E-00071-00031293-00031989 So, we don't have formal territorial certification,
-62irNDXl7E-00072-00032017-00032574 in terms of sustainability but we have normal
-62irNDXl7E-00073-00032642-00033142 awards for the activities we do every day.
-62irNDXl7E-00074-00033224-00033496 The DMO's key role is to work closely
-62irNDXl7E-00075-00033496-00033725 with many stakeholders in the destination.
-62irNDXl7E-00076-00033726-00033981 In search of common goals for a prosperous and
-62irNDXl7E-00077-00033981-00034359 environmentally responsible industry and marketplace.
-62irNDXl7E-00078-00034374-00034674 One that respects the needs of all stakeholders to achieve
-62irNDXl7E-00079-00034674-00035020 positive, successful, and long-term outcomes,
-62irNDXl7E-00080-00035040-00035394 including tourists, residents, the tourism industry,
-62irNDXl7E-00081-00035399-00035612 and related destination services.
-62irNDXl7E-00082-00035649-00035956 We are part of a European project,
-62irNDXl7E-00083-00035963-00036350 funded from the Horizon 2020 programme.
-62irNDXl7E-00084-00036384-00036831 It is a programme for innovative initiatives.
-62irNDXl7E-00085-00036898-00037504 We are promoting a project, mainly focusing
-62irNDXl7E-00086-00037535-00038109 on the Northeast of the region.
-62irNDXl7E-00087-00038185-00038827 Its aim is to promote circular economy
-62irNDXl7E-00088-00038828-00039012 and sustainable tourism.
-62irNDXl7E-00089-00039080-00039629 We are spreading the message of circular economy
-62irNDXl7E-00090-00039631-00040108 and its values with entrepreneurs, institutions,
-62irNDXl7E-00091-00040108-00040609 and people, to promote sustainability and principles
-62irNDXl7E-00092-00040609-00041055 that are innovative, not only in Basilicata
-62irNDXl7E-00093-00041055-00041258 but all over the world.
-62irNDXl7E-00094-00041259-00041981 We are cooperating with the National Research Council
-62irNDXl7E-00095-00041981-00042396 as the project lead and transnational partners.
-62irNDXl7E-00096-00042453-00042958 We are paving the path of innovation,
-62irNDXl7E-00097-00042959-00043307 using the idea of sustainability,
-62irNDXl7E-00098-00043517-00043835 not only for promotion, but also for
-62irNDXl7E-00099-00043835-00044059 the improvement of our offer.
-62irNDXl7E-00100-00044118-00044408 Independent sustainable tourism certification
-62irNDXl7E-00101-00044408-00044663 gives credibility to the destination
-62irNDXl7E-00102-00044667-00045023 and facilitates sustainable empowerment to the staff,
-62irNDXl7E-00103-00045023-00045491 in the DMO, participating businesses and service providers.
-62irNDXl7E-00104-00045508-00045784 Sustainable tourism certification programmes
-62irNDXl7E-00105-00045785-00046213 can increase market access by being known and trusted
-62irNDXl7E-00106-00046213-00046445 by the travellers, being recognised
-62irNDXl7E-00107-00046445-00046826 as a credible certificate at at important market players,
-62irNDXl7E-00108-00046826-00047104 supporting the visibility of certified businesses,
-62irNDXl7E-00109-00047104-00047448 and destinations, supporting the exchange and networking
-62irNDXl7E-00110-00047448-00047790 between certified members, providing their listings
-62irNDXl7E-00111-00047790-00048110 of certified tourism businesses to booking services
-62irNDXl7E-00112-00048110-00048470 and other intermediaries and feeding their listings
-62irNDXl7E-00113-00048470-00048823 into the common, all-in-one green travel maps.
-62irNDXl7E-00114-00048854-00049262 When we talk about certifications and
-62irNDXl7E-00115-00049422-00049768 environmental certifications or blue flags
-62irNDXl7E-00116-00049810-00050265 or the most beautiful villages in Italy,
-62irNDXl7E-00117-00050347-00050908 we have very well recognised brands
-62irNDXl7E-00118-00050935-00051304 that are already known by tourists.
-62irNDXl7E-00119-00051314-00051997 It is very important for small destinations
-62irNDXl7E-00120-00052021-00052658 like Basilicata to reach the main channels
-62irNDXl7E-00121-00052760-00053503 and spread our message of the beauty of our region,
-62irNDXl7E-00122-00053528-00053957 the quality of our beaches and villages.
-62irNDXl7E-00123-00053985-00054416 So it is important, in our opinion,
-62irNDXl7E-00124-00054428-00055253 to gain more certifications to spread the knowledge
-62irNDXl7E-00125-00055253-00055666 about the quality of our places in the world of tourism.
-62irNDXl7E-00126-00055713-00055977 Destinations in Europe can choose among various
-62irNDXl7E-00127-00055977-00056341 certification programmes with different approaches and services.
-62irNDXl7E-00128-00056365-00056670 Certified destinations can support the promotion
-62irNDXl7E-00129-00056670-00057170 of their certificate with sustainable products and services.
-62irNDXl7E-00130-00057195-00057506 The assessment of marketing activities will help understand
-62irNDXl7E-00131-00057506-00057837 benefits of the tourism offer in the destination,
-62irNDXl7E-00132-00057837-00058158 and allow them to set realistic goals for promotion
-62irNDXl7E-00133-00058159-00058548 and advertising campaigns, such as which target groups
-62irNDXl7E-00134-00058549-00058776 will be reached in which countries,
-62irNDXl7E-00135-00058798-00059128 which messages should be sent to target groups,
-62irNDXl7E-00136-00059158-00059475 which media best reach the target groups.
-62irNDXl7E-00137-00059506-00060000 A marketing campaign should achieve the AIDA goals.
-62irNDXl7E-00138-00060021-00060320 A - to raise the attention of the target groups
-62irNDXl7E-00139-00060320-00060619 with catchy pictures and messages,
-62irNDXl7E-00140-00060648-00060850 I - to get their interest.
-62irNDXl7E-00141-00060874-00061119 -I like what that destination is promising,
-62irNDXl7E-00142-00061123-00061367 and I want to get more information.
-62irNDXl7E-00143-00061391-00061735 D - decision. -I want to go there!
-62irNDXl7E-00144-00061761-00062250 A - action. I organise my travel and start booking.
-62irNDXl7E-00145-00062279-00062629 The development and operation of a good marketing campaign
-62irNDXl7E-00146-00062630-00063238 involves public authorities, DMOs, private actors and NGOs.
-62irNDXl7E-00147-00063273-00063568 Certifying bodies should be involved in planning,
-62irNDXl7E-00148-00063569-00063745 marketing and monitoring.
-62irNDXl7E-00149-00063801-00064283 Unstructured marketing is a waste of time and money.
-62irNDXl7E-00150-00064467-00064924 This can include contradicting messages,
-62irNDXl7E-00151-00064971-00065411 unstructured marketing does not use synergies,
-62irNDXl7E-00152-00065411-00065790 opportunities for synergies with marketing activities
-62irNDXl7E-00153-00065790-00066113 of partners and businesses.
-62irNDXl7E-00154-00066194-00066920 So, how to avoid it or improve the situation?
-62irNDXl7E-00155-00066922-00067236 I think there are many consultants out there,
-62irNDXl7E-00156-00067236-00067762 independent, highly experienced people,
-62irNDXl7E-00157-00067806-00068267 who know the visitor's perspective and can help
-62irNDXl7E-00158-00068361-00068843 different stakeholders with egocentric thinking
-62irNDXl7E-00159-00068871-00069653 to give priority to their visitors' thinking,
-62irNDXl7E-00160-00069653-00070088 to their common message and come up with a
-62irNDXl7E-00161-00070089-00070740 better consolidated marketing plan and strategy.
-8k10hV01EE-00000-00000010-00000056 LAW ENFORCEMENT RELEASES
-8k10hV01EE-00001-00000056-00000063 LAW ENFORCEMENT RELEASES  
-8k10hV01EE-00002-00000063-00000203 LAW ENFORCEMENT RELEASES COMMUNITY NOTIFICATIONS OF THE
-8k10hV01EE-00003-00000203-00000210 LAW ENFORCEMENT RELEASES COMMUNITY NOTIFICATIONS OF THE  
-8k10hV01EE-00004-00000210-00000353 LAW ENFORCEMENT RELEASES COMMUNITY NOTIFICATIONS OF THE MOVEMENTS OF REGISTERED SEX
-8k10hV01EE-00005-00000353-00000360 COMMUNITY NOTIFICATIONS OF THE MOVEMENTS OF REGISTERED SEX  
-8k10hV01EE-00006-00000360-00000513 COMMUNITY NOTIFICATIONS OF THE MOVEMENTS OF REGISTERED SEX OFFENDERS TO FURNISH INFORMATION
-8k10hV01EE-00007-00000513-00000520 MOVEMENTS OF REGISTERED SEX OFFENDERS TO FURNISH INFORMATION  
-8k10hV01EE-00008-00000520-00000834 MOVEMENTS OF REGISTERED SEX OFFENDERS TO FURNISH INFORMATION AND ENHANCE PUBLIC SAFETY AND
-8k10hV01EE-00009-00000834-00000840 OFFENDERS TO FURNISH INFORMATION AND ENHANCE PUBLIC SAFETY AND  
-8k10hV01EE-00010-00000840-00000910 OFFENDERS TO FURNISH INFORMATION AND ENHANCE PUBLIC SAFETY AND AWARENESS.
-8k10hV01EE-00011-00000910-00000917 AND ENHANCE PUBLIC SAFETY AND AWARENESS.  
-8k10hV01EE-00012-00000917-00001037 AND ENHANCE PUBLIC SAFETY AND AWARENESS. >>> THE FIRST GOVERNOR'S DEBATE
-8k10hV01EE-00013-00001037-00001044 AWARENESS. >>> THE FIRST GOVERNOR'S DEBATE  
-8k10hV01EE-00014-00001044-00001147 AWARENESS. >>> THE FIRST GOVERNOR'S DEBATE SINCE THE PRIMARY IS BEING HELD
-8k10hV01EE-00015-00001147-00001154 >>> THE FIRST GOVERNOR'S DEBATE SINCE THE PRIMARY IS BEING HELD  
-8k10hV01EE-00016-00001154-00001327 >>> THE FIRST GOVERNOR'S DEBATE SINCE THE PRIMARY IS BEING HELD TOMORROW AT GRANDVIEW LODGE IN
-8k10hV01EE-00017-00001327-00001334 SINCE THE PRIMARY IS BEING HELD TOMORROW AT GRANDVIEW LODGE IN  
-8k10hV01EE-00018-00001334-00001401 SINCE THE PRIMARY IS BEING HELD TOMORROW AT GRANDVIEW LODGE IN NISSWA.
-8k10hV01EE-00019-00001401-00001408 TOMORROW AT GRANDVIEW LODGE IN NISSWA.  
-8k10hV01EE-00020-00001408-00001738 TOMORROW AT GRANDVIEW LODGE IN NISSWA. THE DEMOCRAT NOMINEE TIM WALDZ
-8k10hV01EE-00021-00001738-00001745 NISSWA. THE DEMOCRAT NOMINEE TIM WALDZ  
-8k10hV01EE-00022-00001745-00001995 NISSWA. THE DEMOCRAT NOMINEE TIM WALDZ WILL FACE OFF AGAINST REPUBLICAN
-8k10hV01EE-00023-00001995-00002001 THE DEMOCRAT NOMINEE TIM WALDZ WILL FACE OFF AGAINST REPUBLICAN  
-8k10hV01EE-00024-00002001-00002158 THE DEMOCRAT NOMINEE TIM WALDZ WILL FACE OFF AGAINST REPUBLICAN NOMINEE JEFF JOHNSON IN THEIR
-8k10hV01EE-00025-00002158-00002165 WILL FACE OFF AGAINST REPUBLICAN NOMINEE JEFF JOHNSON IN THEIR  
-8k10hV01EE-00026-00002165-00002305 WILL FACE OFF AGAINST REPUBLICAN NOMINEE JEFF JOHNSON IN THEIR FIRST ONE-ON-ONE DEBATE.
-8k10hV01EE-00027-00002305-00002312 NOMINEE JEFF JOHNSON IN THEIR FIRST ONE-ON-ONE DEBATE.  
-8k10hV01EE-00028-00002312-00002475 NOMINEE JEFF JOHNSON IN THEIR FIRST ONE-ON-ONE DEBATE. IT'S BEING PUT ON THROUGH A
-8k10hV01EE-00029-00002475-00002482 FIRST ONE-ON-ONE DEBATE. IT'S BEING PUT ON THROUGH A  
-8k10hV01EE-00030-00002482-00002786 FIRST ONE-ON-ONE DEBATE. IT'S BEING PUT ON THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE
-8k10hV01EE-00031-00002786-00002792 IT'S BEING PUT ON THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE  
-8k10hV01EE-00032-00002792-00002926 IT'S BEING PUT ON THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE MINNESOTA, BRAINERD LAKES AND
-8k10hV01EE-00033-00002926-00002932 PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE MINNESOTA, BRAINERD LAKES AND  
-8k10hV01EE-00034-00002932-00003049 PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE MINNESOTA, BRAINERD LAKES AND KNITS WITH A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
-8k10hV01EE-00035-00003049-00003056 MINNESOTA, BRAINERD LAKES AND KNITS WITH A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE  
-8k10hV01EE-00036-00003056-00003206 MINNESOTA, BRAINERD LAKES AND KNITS WITH A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES
-8k10hV01EE-00037-00003206-00003213 KNITS WITH A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES  
-8k10hV01EE-00038-00003213-00003366 KNITS WITH A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS.
-8k10hV01EE-00039-00003366-00003373 AND THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS.  
-8k10hV01EE-00040-00003373-00003570 AND THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS. THE EVENT WILL BE MODERATED BY
-8k10hV01EE-00041-00003570-00003576 REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS. THE EVENT WILL BE MODERATED BY  
-8k10hV01EE-00042-00003576-00003797 REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS. THE EVENT WILL BE MODERATED BY TOM HAUSER.
-8k10hV01EE-00043-00003797-00003803 THE EVENT WILL BE MODERATED BY TOM HAUSER.  
-8k10hV01EE-00044-00003803-00003977 THE EVENT WILL BE MODERATED BY TOM HAUSER. >> WE'RE A TOURISM DESTINATION.
-8k10hV01EE-00045-00003977-00003983 TOM HAUSER. >> WE'RE A TOURISM DESTINATION.  
-8k10hV01EE-00046-00003983-00004214 TOM HAUSER. >> WE'RE A TOURISM DESTINATION. WE HAVE A GREAT BUSINESS MIX
-8k10hV01EE-00047-00004214-00004220 >> WE'RE A TOURISM DESTINATION. WE HAVE A GREAT BUSINESS MIX  
-8k10hV01EE-00048-00004220-00004384 >> WE'RE A TOURISM DESTINATION. WE HAVE A GREAT BUSINESS MIX HERE, AND WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE
-8k10hV01EE-00049-00004384-00004391 WE HAVE A GREAT BUSINESS MIX HERE, AND WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE  
-8k10hV01EE-00050-00004391-00004507 WE HAVE A GREAT BUSINESS MIX HERE, AND WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE GOING TO GET INTO A LOT OF THOSE
-8k10hV01EE-00051-00004507-00004514 HERE, AND WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE GOING TO GET INTO A LOT OF THOSE  
-8k10hV01EE-00052-00004514-00004657 HERE, AND WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE GOING TO GET INTO A LOT OF THOSE TOPICS TOMORROW, BUT FOR OUR
-8k10hV01EE-00053-00004657-00004664 GOING TO GET INTO A LOT OF THOSE TOPICS TOMORROW, BUT FOR OUR  
-8k10hV01EE-00054-00004664-00004841 GOING TO GET INTO A LOT OF THOSE TOPICS TOMORROW, BUT FOR OUR AREA, IT'S JUST A GREAT ASSET TO
-8k10hV01EE-00055-00004841-00004848 TOPICS TOMORROW, BUT FOR OUR AREA, IT'S JUST A GREAT ASSET TO  
-8k10hV01EE-00056-00004848-00005048 TOPICS TOMORROW, BUT FOR OUR AREA, IT'S JUST A GREAT ASSET TO HAVE THE FIRST GOVERNORS DEBATE
-8k10hV01EE-00057-00005048-00005055 AREA, IT'S JUST A GREAT ASSET TO HAVE THE FIRST GOVERNORS DEBATE  
-8k10hV01EE-00058-00005055-00005265 AREA, IT'S JUST A GREAT ASSET TO HAVE THE FIRST GOVERNORS DEBATE RIGHT IN OUR BACKYARD.
-8k10hV01EE-00059-00005265-00005271 HAVE THE FIRST GOVERNORS DEBATE RIGHT IN OUR BACKYARD.  
-8k10hV01EE-00060-00005271-00005412 HAVE THE FIRST GOVERNORS DEBATE RIGHT IN OUR BACKYARD. >> THERE'S STILL TIME TO SIGN UP
-8k10hV01EE-00061-00005412-00005418 RIGHT IN OUR BACKYARD. >> THERE'S STILL TIME TO SIGN UP  
-8k10hV01EE-00062-00005418-00005502 RIGHT IN OUR BACKYARD. >> THERE'S STILL TIME TO SIGN UP TO ATTEND THE DEBATE.
-8k10hV01EE-00063-00005502-00005508 >> THERE'S STILL TIME TO SIGN UP TO ATTEND THE DEBATE.  
-8k10hV01EE-00064-00005508-00005749 >> THERE'S STILL TIME TO SIGN UP TO ATTEND THE DEBATE. THE EVENT IS FREE BUT
-8k10hV01EE-00065-00005749-00005755 TO ATTEND THE DEBATE. THE EVENT IS FREE BUT  
-8k10hV01EE-00066-00005755-00005815 TO ATTEND THE DEBATE. THE EVENT IS FREE BUT REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00000-00000424-00000968 Hi everyone and welcome to our talk on "Contemporary digital linguistics and the archive:
-s06i_j1cGQ-00001-00000968-00001528 an urgent review." I'm here with Sarah Babinski to talk about some recent work we've been doing
-s06i_j1cGQ-00002-00001528-00002232 on evaluating archives for potential issues in using them in the future for linguistic projects
-s06i_j1cGQ-00003-00002336-00003080 so let's start by thinking about the the problem that we're looking at digital language corpora
-s06i_j1cGQ-00004-00003080-00003479 are very heterogeneous heterogeneous and of course they should be heterogeneous they're
-s06i_j1cGQ-00005-00003479-00004104 recorded under many different circumstances with many different types of material but for digital
-s06i_j1cGQ-00006-00004104-00004664 work most of our standards were formalized 15 years or more ago before much recent digital
-s06i_j1cGQ-00007-00004664-00005304 work was possible so for instance we can look at Bird and Simons (2003) or Linda Barwick's 2006 paper
-s06i_j1cGQ-00008-00005368-00006120 to see about the types of standards that digital collections are being created with
-s06i_j1cGQ-00009-00006120-00006864 standards for but in the last 15 years many new types of digital materials can be created we can
-s06i_j1cGQ-00010-00006864-00007608 manipulate digital files in many different ways and it's possible that our archival standards
-s06i_j1cGQ-00011-00007608-00008224 haven't really caught up with that so for instance we can do things with our corpora that were just
-s06i_j1cGQ-00012-00008224-00008816 either totally impossible 15 years ago or required huge amounts of additional equipment like for
-s06i_j1cGQ-00013-00008816-00009512 instance doing phonetic analyses on laptops or running text-to-speech and speech-to-text programs
-s06i_j1cGQ-00014-00009648-00010040 so that's part of our problem the other part of this problem is that much of our linguistic
-s06i_j1cGQ-00015-00010040-00010672 training focuses on producing materials *for* archives not working on materials *from* archives
-s06i_j1cGQ-00016-00010672-00011256 and this is a bit of a generalization but on the whole our training looks something like this where
-s06i_j1cGQ-00017-00011256-00012104 we have a gigantic amount of workflow and discussion around preparing materials;
-s06i_j1cGQ-00018-00012104-00012704 preparing elicitation sessions and field sessions; post-processing that data and so on and then the
-s06i_j1cGQ-00019-00012704-00013384 end point is to "send to archive" which I've circled here in purple so we we think about the
-s06i_j1cGQ-00020-00013480-00014263 language documentation process as the ... where the archives are the end point of this process
-s06i_j1cGQ-00021-00014263-00014608 not as the beginning point so what does this look like when
-s06i_j1cGQ-00022-00014696-00015576 "take from archive" or "use with archive" is the starting point for a set of materials That's the
-s06i_j1cGQ-00023-00015576-00016016 the question that Sarah and I are asking are our collections as useful as they could be
-s06i_j1cGQ-00024-00016072-00016672 when they become the primary mode of linguistic research so should we do things better than
-s06i_j1cGQ-00025-00016672-00017088 we're currently doing them? are we making more work for ourselves with our current practices?
-s06i_j1cGQ-00026-00017088-00017584 and are we causing problems for our future selves? so future linguists who are going to be primarily
-s06i_j1cGQ-00027-00017584-00018136 relying on archival materials for endangered languages (for instance) are they going to be
-s06i_j1cGQ-00028-00018136-00018664 able to do the things they want to do because of the decisions we've made? so today we're going
-s06i_j1cGQ-00029-00018664-00019168 to talk about those sorts of questions - what types of variation are there in digital corpora?
-s06i_j1cGQ-00030-00019168-00019720 how does this variation affect what's possible in terms of analyses? and how does the structure of
-s06i_j1cGQ-00031-00019720-00020160 the corpus facilitate or impede work with the collection by people who didn't collect those
-s06i_j1cGQ-00032-00020160-00020768 materials in the first place? to address these questions we're currently looking at a sample of
-s06i_j1cGQ-00033-00020768-00021472 23 different collections from PARADISEC, ELAR and AIATSIS - three prominent digital archives all of
-s06i_j1cGQ-00034-00021472-00021928 these collections were collected using the best practices of the time there's a combination of
-s06i_j1cGQ-00035-00021928-00022504 digitized corpora and natively digital corpora so corpora that were recorded digitally from
-s06i_j1cGQ-00036-00022504-00023240 the start our materials date from the 1970s to about 2010 and all of these deposits have
-s06i_j1cGQ-00037-00023240-00023944 audio files and almost all of them have Elan transcription files as well and we're combining
-s06i_j1cGQ-00038-00023944-00024392 this with the collected experience working with text files and corpus materials from the Chirila
-s06i_j1cGQ-00039-00024392-00025072 documentation project for Australian languages and just before we go on I just want to make it clear
-s06i_j1cGQ-00040-00025072-00025904 that this is not some sort of "gotcha"-type audit where we are trying to name and shame corpora for
-s06i_j1cGQ-00041-00026000-00026695 being hard to use or anything like that. While our examples are real our illustrations for this
-s06i_j1cGQ-00042-00026695-00027248 talk were created for the purpose and so we're not going to name any particular collections
-s06i_j1cGQ-00043-00027304-00027856 rather what we want to do is focus on collective standards and better practices, not on criticizing
-s06i_j1cGQ-00044-00027856-00028312 individuals because as field workers ourselves we realize that materials are collected under many
-s06i_j1cGQ-00045-00028312-00028944 different circumstances and as part of making archives and so on huge numbers of choices need
-s06i_j1cGQ-00046-00028944-00029527 to be need to be made. I should also stress that we're not working by the numbers as it were so
-s06i_j1cGQ-00047-00029527-00030144 this is not a review of corpora and collections based on the size of the corpora or the amount
-s06i_j1cGQ-00048-00030144-00030680 of materials; rather it's based on the function to which the materials in the corpus can be put
-s06i_j1cGQ-00049-00030768-00031168 okay so at this point I'm going to hand over to Sarah who's going to talk about
-s06i_j1cGQ-00050-00031168-00031512 the types of issues that we've found in the collections that we've looked at.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00051-00031688-00032095 Great, thanks! so when we were looking at these corpora
-s06i_j1cGQ-00052-00032192-00032592 we came across a handful of sort of categories of issues
-s06i_j1cGQ-00053-00032672-00033112 which I'll sort of summarize here and then go into more detail with some examples
-s06i_j1cGQ-00054-00033208-00034000 after that. So first we have missing information things that should be there but aren't and these
-s06i_j1cGQ-00055-00034000-00034576 can be either recoverable or non-recoverable so if missing information is recoverable,
-s06i_j1cGQ-00056-00034640-00035248 you know you can sort of reconstruct the thought process of the archiver or manually fix something
-s06i_j1cGQ-00057-00035336-00035728 to make things work the way that you need them to and have the information that you need.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00058-00035792-00036600 But sort of the more crucial and serious issue is when information is not recoverable in its
-s06i_j1cGQ-00059-00036600-00037216 archived state. So if there are completely missing files, missing transcriptions or translations,
-s06i_j1cGQ-00060-00037288-00037984 things that the person using your collection can't actually figure out by looking at it themselves.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00061-00038088-00038784 and then we also have information that's not missing, but that causes other sorts of issues.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00062-00038872-00039704 So we have information that just shouldn't be there - it's just kind of a mistake- and
-s06i_j1cGQ-00063-00039704-00040304 it needs to be deleted and this is usually just annoying and doesn't unnecessarily cause huge
-s06i_j1cGQ-00064-00040304-00040824 issues in our processing (on the part of the person using your materials)
-s06i_j1cGQ-00065-00040936-00041296 and then there are also errors. Of course we all try to
-s06i_j1cGQ-00066-00041352-00042104 avoid having errors in our content or where things are placed. For example if you had
-s06i_j1cGQ-00067-00042184-00042864 a translation on a tier where a transcription was meant to be. But of course you know that's also
-s06i_j1cGQ-00068-00042936-00043600 something that we should be thinking about, but content errors in particular again can't be
-s06i_j1cGQ-00069-00043600-00044384 recovered by the person who's using your materials so that could sort of end up compounding in
-s06i_j1cGQ-00070-00044384-00045136 certain situations when someone else is using your data. And then there's also information that is
-s06i_j1cGQ-00071-00045264-00046048 fine -- it should be there -- but for formatting reasons or other sorts of issues it causes um
-s06i_j1cGQ-00072-00046112-00046760 a lot of just time-consuming inconvenience on the part of the person who's using your materials
-s06i_j1cGQ-00073-00047144-00047816 okay, so let's start with some things that shouldn't be there um so these are things that
-s06i_j1cGQ-00074-00047928-00048992 are not missing. They are should be should be fixed and should be deleted in some case.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00075-00049064-00049544 So for example we have a situation where there are multiple copies of the same
-s06i_j1cGQ-00076-00049544-00050352 file - different versions of the same file. So for an example here we have an original file from
-s06i_j1cGQ-00077-00050432-00051479 2005 it seems um based on the dates we have, that has a particular name; and then the archiver has
-s06i_j1cGQ-00078-00051560-00052128 revised this and created a revised version. These are the top files with "-rev" at the end.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00079-00052312-00053200 And these are obviously much more recent passes through the data. They have been modified actually
-s06i_j1cGQ-00080-00053200-00053776 the day of the screenshot. So of course that's the transcription and the translation that we'll
-s06i_j1cGQ-00081-00053776-00054552 want to use but the issue is that the file name is now different than the name of the audio wav file.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00082-00054679-00055552 so when you open your elan file it won't be able to find this wav file and you may actually think
-s06i_j1cGQ-00083-00055624-00055984 when you're first looking at this that the files that have the same name are
-s06i_j1cGQ-00084-00055984-00056408 the ones that go together, when in fact it would be better to use the revised versions
-s06i_j1cGQ-00085-00056744-00057296 Then we have errors so some of these include font and encoding issues
-s06i_j1cGQ-00086-00057416-00058072 such as stray non-printing characters, non-breaking spaces, single Chinese
-s06i_j1cGQ-00087-00058072-00058704 characters that usually show up because of some kind of font problem or a conversion issue
-s06i_j1cGQ-00088-00058920-00059608 and then they're also encoding conversion errors. So for example legacy mac files may be
-s06i_j1cGQ-00089-00059608-00060288 incorrectly saved as unicode so if we have a nice perfectly good looking word like
-s06i_j1cGQ-00090-00060288-00060967 ŋätji it could end up being converted into something completely unreadable and
-s06i_j1cGQ-00091-00061024-00061640 not recoverable by the person looking at your data. We also have an issue with
-s06i_j1cGQ-00092-00061640-00062288 delimiters being in the wrong places so for example tabs within your records could cause
-s06i_j1cGQ-00093-00062288-00063008 problems in terms of reading in files by any sort of automatic computational type program,
-s06i_j1cGQ-00094-00063104-00063608 which can cause a lot of havoc on the part of people using your collection
-s06i_j1cGQ-00095-00064016-00064672 There are also errors of different types so file name mismatches (we sort of covered that
-s06i_j1cGQ-00096-00064752-00065479 already); different types of line breaks - So mac and windows have different ways of
-s06i_j1cGQ-00097-00065576-00065984 printing line breaks to begin with so that's not a huge issue and it's something that
-s06i_j1cGQ-00098-00066048-00066632 anyone using your information should be aware of, but it becomes an issue when the types of
-s06i_j1cGQ-00099-00066632-00067384 line breaks are inconsistent. So inconsistency is really a big problem especially when you're using
-s06i_j1cGQ-00100-00067472-00067864 automatic methods they can be really hard and really annoying to fix.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00101-00068024-00068664 And there are also underlines that you create in a Word document for example,
-s06i_j1cGQ-00102-00068736-00069200 that then gets lost when imported into other programs. so sort of formatting issues that
-s06i_j1cGQ-00103-00069328-00070424 don't translate across different file formats and that is then information lost. And now I
-s06i_j1cGQ-00104-00070424-00070904 will give it back to Claire to talk about some more of the issues that we've come across.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00105-00070992-00072024 All right so Sarah talked about the types of material that is there and either raises errors
-s06i_j1cGQ-00106-00072024-00072808 or causes more work for processing. Another large collection of issues for working with corpora
-s06i_j1cGQ-00107-00072808-00073392 are the things that should be there but aren't; that is, the missing material that
-s06i_j1cGQ-00108-00073392-00073904 wasn't archived along with the collection but is nonetheless important for being able to work
-s06i_j1cGQ-00109-00073904-00074552 with the collection materials. and I'll start by just giving one example of things like this
-s06i_j1cGQ-00110-00074552-00075200 so take a file like this this is an ELAN transcript file where we have the file
-s06i_j1cGQ-00111-00075256-00075872 the speech segmented into utterances, but the transcripts are empty
-s06i_j1cGQ-00112-00075872-00076328 here so we have nothing in the transcript file, nothing in the translation file and so, presented
-s06i_j1cGQ-00113-00076328-00076848 with a file like this it's not clear to someone who's using the collection for the first time
-s06i_j1cGQ-00114-00076848-00077648 whether this is an import error, whether it was something where the files were created but the
-s06i_j1cGQ-00115-00077704-00078216 researcher didn't have time to transcribe them, which is of course a very common problem,
-s06i_j1cGQ-00116-00078216-00078592 but faced with this sort of thing we don't know if this is an import error and the material is
-s06i_j1cGQ-00117-00078592-00079312 available elsewhere or whether it's genuinely missing data that was that was not collected.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00118-00079424-00079992 We have quite a few different types of crucially missing files in archives. We have things
-s06i_j1cGQ-00119-00079992-00080648 like ELAN preference files, where for the most part the preferences contain information that isrecoverable,
-s06i_j1cGQ-00120-00080648-00081216 but they also contain information - where there are multiple audio files - what the
-s06i_j1cGQ-00121-00081216-00081840 offset should be. And so if those files are not recorded then the transcripts,
-s06i_j1cGQ-00122-00081840-00082320 the alignments on the tiers do not align properly with the files that should be [there], that
-s06i_j1cGQ-00123-00082320-00082880 are connected to it through the audio. The empty annotations i talked about. We have things again
-s06i_j1cGQ-00124-00082880-00083592 with say Toolbox settings files or material that is partially recoverable given that Toolbox
-s06i_j1cGQ-00125-00083592-00084096 often uses a set of standard format markers, but we also have cases where the researchers
-s06i_j1cGQ-00126-00084216-00084792 make up their own backslash codes, and then if those are not recorded then we don't know
-s06i_j1cGQ-00127-00084792-00085320 or we have to guess about what sort of information is there, or if there are
-s06i_j1cGQ-00128-00085320-00086120 multiple versions of files we need to guess which crucial versions of the texts or the lexicon
-s06i_j1cGQ-00129-00086120-00086736 link to each other for the parser. We also have the converse problem where if the Toolbox
-s06i_j1cGQ-00130-00086736-00087352 settings files were not archived as part of the archive, sometimes we only have
-s06i_j1cGQ-00131-00087352-00087832 the Toolbox settings files, so we have the project file or we have the font files, but the data files
-s06i_j1cGQ-00132-00087832-00088256 were stored in a separate location on the computer and were not included in the archive. And of course
-s06i_j1cGQ-00133-00088256-00088848 that's absolutely crucially missing for working with the language. More generally we
-s06i_j1cGQ-00134-00088848-00089616 find examples of missing metadata, or metadata that's partially complete, or 
-s06i_j1cGQ-00135-00089616-00090256 insufficiently linkable to the collection, so we know that there are several speakers maybe speaking
-s06i_j1cGQ-00136-00090256-00090680 several different languages, but we don't know which files go with which speaker for example.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00137-00090680-00091552 And there are also things that are maybe not quite missing information, but cause issues
-s06i_j1cGQ-00138-00091552-00092104 for mapping between the types of information that are there because we have
-s06i_j1cGQ-00139-00092104-00092560 things like tier names and speakers but we're not quite sure which goes with which and there
-s06i_j1cGQ-00140-00092560-00093280 are many different ways to do this with  ELAN. So okay so that's a brief summary of the
-s06i_j1cGQ-00141-00093280-00093736 most common types of issues we found in looking at the corpora that we've examined
-s06i_j1cGQ-00142-00093736-00094320 now i'd like to go on to talking about some of the recommendations, and these are very much work in
-s06i_j1cGQ-00143-00094320-00094952 progress and things that we would like to discussas a field and as a set of documenters 
-s06i_j1cGQ-00144-00094952-00095448 in collaboration with all the people we work with and archives and so on as well.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00145-00095560-00096344 So first of all for recommendations, while working on the collection itself and while working
-s06i_j1cGQ-00146-00096344-00097008 on the materials for archiving, consistency is really important. So be as consistent as possible
-s06i_j1cGQ-00147-00097008-00097888 and document the decisions that you make about the choices for how you set up files.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00148-00097888-00098392 And that will be useful both for your future self but also for future archive users as well who
-s06i_j1cGQ-00149-00098392-00098904 won't have access to the decisions that you made and why you made them.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00150-00099008-00099640 While archiving - while preparing the collection for archiving - you should ask, does this file
-s06i_j1cGQ-00151-00099640-00100280 need to be there? So that will both cut down on material that is archived that probably shouldn't
-s06i_j1cGQ-00152-00100280-00100856 have been archived, like the multiple version control issues, but also on missing data or missing
-s06i_j1cGQ-00153-00100856-00101384 settings files and things like that, so you might want to do some tests on your archived materials
-s06i_j1cGQ-00154-00101384-00101776 and imagine that you're working with that collection rather than your day-to-day collection
-s06i_j1cGQ-00155-00101776-00102192 materials. Can you find everything you need? Is everything linked in the way that you expect
-s06i_j1cGQ-00156-00102192-00102696 it to be linked? And you might want to think about what other users of the collection might need 
-s06i_j1cGQ-00157-00102696-00103296 in the future so say for example you are not doing speech-to-text work but you could imagine your
-s06i_j1cGQ-00158-00103296-00103856 corpus being used for speech-to-text work in the future, are the relevant files there for example.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00159-00103952-00104583 And for the future we'd like to see some  improved infrastructure for corpus processing and
-s06i_j1cGQ-00160-00104583-00105111 things like validation checks which field workers could do before uploading their collections and
-s06i_j1cGQ-00161-00105111-00105864 I know some archives have things along these lines, for say validating directory structure
-s06i_j1cGQ-00162-00105864-00106335 and file format and things like that, but we feel that these could be built into the kind
-s06i_j1cGQ-00163-00106335-00106935 of pre-archiving process and could be at least to some extent archive neutral as well.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00164-00107008-00107600 So in this slide, which you're welcome to pause the video and look at,
-s06i_j1cGQ-00165-00107600-00108016 we have some more information about types of solutions, types of things that we talked about
-s06i_j1cGQ-00166-00108016-00108688 earlier while working with the collection, so thinking about standardizing
-s06i_j1cGQ-00167-00108688-00109383 sampling rates and file types, noting which types of information are missing for yourself, and
-s06i_j1cGQ-00168-00109383-00110144 adding that sort of material, being consistent with file formats where possible, and also keeping an
-s06i_j1cGQ-00169-00110144-00110704 eye on things which are less consistent and may not make much of a difference for
-s06i_j1cGQ-00170-00110704-00111200 humans interacting with the collection, like notes in tiers and things like that, but being aware that
-s06i_j1cGQ-00171-00111200-00111520 they make a big difference for computational processing and they can make the difference
-s06i_j1cGQ-00172-00111520-00112032 between a corpus that's very easy to use and easy to say turn into a talking dictionary or something
-s06i_j1cGQ-00173-00112032-00112576 like that and a corpus that's quite difficult to use for that sort of computational processing.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00174-00112648-00113296 Okay, I want to say something very brief about validation checks as well, so there are of
-s06i_j1cGQ-00175-00113296-00113735 course a number of validation checks that could be done, but we were thinking things along the lines
-s06i_j1cGQ-00176-00113735-00114416 of work that could be done for field workers while they are still processing their collections.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00177-00114416-00114928 So thinking about for instance what is in transcripts, what is the most common
-s06i_j1cGQ-00178-00114928-00115440 character in a transcript, if there are large numbers of single words that have "X" or
-s06i_j1cGQ-00179-00115440-00115904 "XXX" or something like that then that would be an indication that that file hasn't been properly
-s06i_j1cGQ-00180-00115904-00116592 transcribed or that file needs more information. We could imagine a validation
-s06i_j1cGQ-00181-00116592-00117168 check where we have a list of files and if the collection identifies Toolbox settings files
-s06i_j1cGQ-00182-00117168-00117672 or Toolbox data files, are there also settings files? So, are there text files with backslash codes
-s06i_j1cGQ-00183-00117672-00118272 and if so, are there also .prj files and things like that. If there are .eaf files are there also
-s06i_j1cGQ-00184-00118272-00118783 .pfs files, things like that. And if those files are missing the collector could be
-s06i_j1cGQ-00185-00118783-00119488 asked if they need to be included. And that would raise consciousness around 
-s06i_j1cGQ-00186-00119488-00120144 what's missing, while not forcing the collector to use a particular set of formats. And
-s06i_j1cGQ-00187-00120144-00120968 now I'm gonna hand back to Sarah for conclusions. Alright, so really the main takeaways here
-s06i_j1cGQ-00188-00120968-00121583 are you know, these archives and archival materials are extremely important both for communities
-s06i_j1cGQ-00189-00121583-00122216 and for linguists going into the future, and we want to continue to be able to use them.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00190-00122216-00122848 But as we've sort of talked about here, they aren't necessarily as useful as they could be.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00191-00122928-00123383 There are things that we can do better but a lot of these things are fixable
-s06i_j1cGQ-00192-00123648-00124432 so going back to our original questions, what types of variation are there in digital corpora?
-s06i_j1cGQ-00193-00124432-00125120 Lots. So some of this is inevitable, but some of it could really be streamlined
-s06i_j1cGQ-00194-00125120-00125864 and made more consistent. How does this variation affect what's possible? This
-s06i_j1cGQ-00195-00125864-00126416 can increase manual processing time if things are inconsistent or if there are a lot of errors
-s06i_j1cGQ-00196-00126504-00127040 and it can even make some types of work impossible, so we of course want to try to avoid that as much
-s06i_j1cGQ-00197-00127040-00127792 as we can. And how does the structure of the corpus facilitate or impede work with the collection?
-s06i_j1cGQ-00198-00127848-00128688 So with missing information and data we really come across a lot of issues
-s06i_j1cGQ-00199-00128816-00129408 and it can really impede the work that people want to do 
-s06i_j1cGQ-00200-00129488-00130024 with archival materials, especially as we are now in this more digital age.
-s06i_j1cGQ-00201-00130024-00130840 Okay, thank you again for coming to this talk and we
-s06i_j1cGQ-00202-00130840-00131248 look forward to hearing your questions and comments.
-tQrcV3vbzy-00000-00000000-00001434 So when Brother David approached me with
-tQrcV3vbzy-00001-00001026-00001673 the idea to do this exercise, my first
-tQrcV3vbzy-00002-00001434-00002160 impulse was, “Yes!”  And then I saw the
-tQrcV3vbzy-00003-00001673-00002322 exercise and my first impulse was, “No!”  There
-tQrcV3vbzy-00004-00002160-00002571 was a real reluctance when I saw that
-tQrcV3vbzy-00005-00002322-00002874 this was a letter to God.  That I was 7 00:00:25,710 --> 00:00:31,470 sitting and dwelling on this phrase,
-tQrcV3vbzy-00006-00002874-00003446 “You are my beloved,” and that I in
-tQrcV3vbzy-00007-00003147-00003642 turn had to respond.  There was a real
-tQrcV3vbzy-00008-00003446-00004011 reluctance and also a fear to actually
-tQrcV3vbzy-00009-00003642-00004278 do that.  And I flipped through and looked
-tQrcV3vbzy-00010-00004011-00004689 at the other exercises and said, “Can I do that one instead?
-tQrcV3vbzy-00011-00004278-00005087 Can I do that one instead?”  They just
-tQrcV3vbzy-00012-00004689-00005241 seemed easier I guess to get out there
-tQrcV3vbzy-00013-00005087-00005498 to talk to, or to work, or to do
-tQrcV3vbzy-00014-00005241-00005939 something, rather than just sit and
-tQrcV3vbzy-00015-00005498-00006216 dwell on this thought, and to just sit
-tQrcV3vbzy-00016-00005939-00006686 in silence with God and respond to a
-tQrcV3vbzy-00017-00006216-00006881 phrase like, “You are the beloved.” And then I read
-tQrcV3vbzy-00018-00006686-00007172 Brother Mark’s piece in the Fall edition
-tQrcV3vbzy-00019-00006881-00007529 of the cali where he talks about how
-tQrcV3vbzy-00020-00007172-00007788 Jesus, after receiving this
-tQrcV3vbzy-00021-00007529-00007950 message that, “You are my beloved,” doesn’t
-tQrcV3vbzy-00022-00007788-00008109 head out and get to work. He goes into
-tQrcV3vbzy-00023-00007950-00008679 the wilderness and he's alone with this
-tQrcV3vbzy-00024-00008109-00008889 for 40 days, and that struck me.  I was
-tQrcV3vbzy-00025-00008679-00009297 like, “Let’s go heal the lepers and yell at
-tQrcV3vbzy-00026-00008889-00009815 Pharisees instead.”  Jesus is withdrawing
-tQrcV3vbzy-00027-00009297-00010154 and being alone with God in this time. So
-tQrcV3vbzy-00028-00009815-00010668 I took it as a little bit of a challenge,
-tQrcV3vbzy-00029-00010154-00010872 and a push, and I tried to stay with that
-tQrcV3vbzy-00030-00010668-00011349 thought that God is love and that
-tQrcV3vbzy-00031-00010872-00011556 God loves me personally. And I tried to
-tQrcV3vbzy-00032-00011349-00012099 kind of delve into the reluctance and the
-tQrcV3vbzy-00033-00011556-00012438 fear.  For years what I hoped to believe
-tQrcV3vbzy-00034-00012099-00012609 about love, and what I use as a
-tQrcV3vbzy-00035-00012438-00013013 prayer-book really was Cleveland Browns
-tQrcV3vbzy-00036-00012609-00013125 for profit.  And his section on love was
-tQrcV3vbzy-00037-00013013-00013324 one of my favorites.
-tQrcV3vbzy-00038-00013125-00013879 It talks about love
-tQrcV3vbzy-00039-00013324-00014116 as this dual entity.  He says,
-tQrcV3vbzy-00040-00013879-00014350 “It will crown you but it will also crucify you.”
-tQrcV3vbzy-00041-00014116-00014644 And he talks about love’s threshing
-tQrcV3vbzy-00042-00014350-00014827 for, and how you start as a grain, and
-tQrcV3vbzy-00043-00014644-00015055 then it goes through kind of violent
-tQrcV3vbzy-00044-00014827-00015307 imagery to get you to the other side to
-tQrcV3vbzy-00045-00015055-00015613 be flour after you’re husked and
-tQrcV3vbzy-00046-00015307-00015832 ground, and to be part of God’s sacred
-tQrcV3vbzy-00047-00015613-00016024 feast.  And I think there is something
-tQrcV3vbzy-00048-00015832-00016369 very appealing in that imagery but also
-tQrcV3vbzy-00049-00016024-00016612 very terrifying.  And I think part of that
-tQrcV3vbzy-00050-00016369-00016912 was my reluctance to sit with this piece.
-tQrcV3vbzy-00051-00016612-00017074 And all of this kind of made it in to the
-tQrcV3vbzy-00052-00016912-00017482 four letters I ended up to God,
-tQrcV3vbzy-00053-00017074-00017842 because they were all over the place. My
-tQrcV3vbzy-00054-00017482-00018118 reluctance, my fear, and after I sat with it
-tQrcV3vbzy-00055-00017842-00018328 a little bit my nostalgia, and kind of
-tQrcV3vbzy-00056-00018118-00018757 longing, and that feeling of missing God,
-tQrcV3vbzy-00057-00018328-00019147 and missing that intimacy that I feel
-tQrcV3vbzy-00058-00018757-00019570 like I have run away from a lot. So that's
-tQrcV3vbzy-00059-00019147-00020068 where the exercise wet for me. It
-tQrcV3vbzy-00060-00019570-00020467 went all over the place. I found many
-tQrcV3vbzy-00061-00020068-00020674 different responses in me to the thought of
-tQrcV3vbzy-00062-00020467-00021315 being God's beloved, and I kind of put them
-tQrcV3vbzy-00063-00020674-00021315 all down and left them up to God.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00000-00000832-00001278 From the time that HIV was first discovered to be the virus that causes AIDS, back in
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00001-00001278-00001650 1983, scientists have been working on developing a vaccine.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00002-00001650-00002102 Here we are, more than 30 years later – so why don’t we have a vaccine yet?
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00003-00002102-00002554 Oh, and by the way, what is a vaccine and how does it work to prevent an infectious
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00004-00002554-00002789 disease?
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00005-00002789-00003283 Unlike anti-viral medicines used to treat infections, vaccines work by training a person’s
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00006-00003283-00003757 immune system before exposure to a virus, so that the immune system can fight off the
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00007-00003757-00004103 virus and prevent that person from becoming infected.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00008-00004103-00004489 HIV presents some unique challenges to developing a vaccine.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00009-00004489-00005037 First, HIV attacks the very immune cells that are sent by the body to kill it off, and inserts
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00010-00005037-00005316 its genes inside these cells.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00011-00005316-00005860 After that happens, the only way to get rid of HIV is to kill off the infected cells.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00012-00005860-00006332 That leads to the second challenge, which is that HIV infected cells can hide out and
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00013-00006332-00006825 remain “dormant” or asleep, making it difficult or impossible for other killer immune
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00014-00006825-00007025 cells to find it.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00015-00007025-00007584 Thirdly, every time HIV reproduces, it makes a lot of genetic mistakes.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00016-00007584-00008100 And unlike many living things (including humans) that have certain systems in place to correct
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00017-00008100-00008562 these mistakes, HIV is a “sloppy” virus that doesn’t fix itself.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00018-00008562-00009131 So, HIV changes over time, and it has been difficult to find a vaccine that will protect
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00019-00009131-00009370 against all of these changes.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00020-00009370-00009695 So, how do we propose to build a vaccine?
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00021-00009695-00010254 First, you should know that there is never any live or killed HIV in a vaccine, which
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00022-00010254-00010718 is a strategy used by some other vaccines against less dangerous viruses.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00023-00010718-00011396 Also, no one participating in a vaccine study is ever exposed to HIV as part of the study!
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00024-00011396-00011877 Now that we have that out of the way, the goal of an ideal HIV vaccine is to activate
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00025-00011877-00012572 both antibodies and T cells, so that the immune system is ready to fight off HIV.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00026-00012572-00013200 Antibodies are proteins that attach to HIV before HIV can infect a cell, thereby preventing
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00027-00013200-00013300 infection.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00028-00013300-00013626 An example of how this works is the polio vaccine.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00029-00013626-00014104 After you get a polio vaccine, you develop antibodies against polio that are ready to
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00030-00014104-00014491 attack if you ever come in contact with the polio virus.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00031-00014491-00015035 We’d like to develop an HIV vaccine that develops antibodies that would attack the
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00032-00015035-00015344 many strains of HIV that exist.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00033-00015344-00016022 Another strategy is to train T cells to recognize and fight off HIV so that, when HIV enters,
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00034-00016022-00016416 the T cells could kill the virus.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00035-00016416-00017004 All HIV vaccines are made with synthetic, manufactured imitations of parts of HIV, a
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00036-00017004-00017679 strategy that can never cause infection, but can train the immune system to fight off HIV.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00037-00017679-00018275 The most successful HIV vaccine strategy so far is a combination of 2 HIV vaccines tested
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00038-00018275-00018750 in Thailand that prevented 31% of new infections.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00039-00018750-00019203 This vaccine isn’t licensed, but scientists are using information from this study to make
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00040-00019203-00019857 more powerful and long-lasting vaccines that can be used for populations around the world.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00041-00019857-00020332 One thing to know is that the most common way to diagnose actual HIV infection is to
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00042-00020332-00020432 test for HIV antibodies.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00043-00020432-00021148 A person who becomes HIV infected generates antibodies against HIV, but because they are
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00044-00021148-00021656 only developed weeks after infection, they can’t prevent infection.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00045-00021656-00022151 These antibodies can keep HIV in check for a while, but eventually HIV comes out of hiding
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00046-00022151-00022782 and causes AIDS, unless a person is treated with antiretrovirals (HIV medicines).
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00047-00022782-00023340 Measuring HIV antibodies is a relatively cheap and easy way to test whether someone has been
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00048-00023340-00023888 HIV infected, but the test doesn’t usually turn positive until several weeks or several
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00049-00023888-00024334 months after infection, because that’s the length of time it takes to develop antibodies
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00050-00024334-00024591 without a vaccine.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00051-00024591-00025154 Some people who get a vaccine will also be antibody positive, because they have “vaccine-induced”
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00052-00025154-00025739 antibodies, also known as VISP.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00053-00025739-00026038 Other tests can be done to tell the difference between “vaccine-induced seropositivity
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00054-00026038-00026319 (VISP) and actual infection.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00055-00026319-00026852 These other tests are available at all research sites that conduct HIV vaccine trials and
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00056-00026852-00027438 HIV vaccine trial volunteers can continue to get HIV testing for free at these sites,
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00057-00027438-00027691 even after the study has ended.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00058-00027691-00028236 Over 35 million people worldwide are currently living with HIV/AIDS.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00059-00028236-00028776 Fortunately, we’re part of the way toward developing a safe and highly effective HIV
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00060-00028776-00028876 vaccine.
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00061-00028876-00029338 And with a committed and diverse partnership of community members, scientists, educators
-yF5yE1h6tQ-00062-00029338-00031252 and policymakers, we could ultimately defeat our century’s biggest epidemic.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00000-00001088-00001370 >> BARBARA CASEY: Good evening and congratulations to the Class
-NzeE5EyDKo-00001-00001370-00001637 of 2020 on your graduation.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00002-00001714-00002168 I'd like to thank the students of 2020
-NzeE5EyDKo-00003-00002168-00002627 the Center School community, parents, family members,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00004-00002627-00002930 and our community partnerships for being a part
-NzeE5EyDKo-00005-00002930-00003072 of this celebration.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00006-00003275-00003639 It is an honor to be here to welcome you,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00007-00003639-00003801 to congratulate you,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00008-00003801-00004125 to have been your principal for the past
-NzeE5EyDKo-00009-00004125-00004242 four years,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00010-00004242-00004484 it has been my pleasure and my honor.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00011-00004649-00004958 You are graduating in surreal times,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00012-00004958-00005525 times of a pandemic and protest. But what I'd like you to know,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00013-00005525-00005708 class of 2020,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00014-00005708-00006185 is that even though we are creating a new
-NzeE5EyDKo-00015-00006185-00006392 norm of our society,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00016-00006392-00006822 you are the collective voices of activism.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00017-00006911-00007231 It is your generation that is stepping out
-NzeE5EyDKo-00018-00007231-00007520 and setting the table for the American dream.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00019-00007643-00007979 It is your beliefs and your social activism
-NzeE5EyDKo-00020-00008042-00008435 that is creating change in what we call
-NzeE5EyDKo-00021-00008435-00008633 our American society.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00022-00008780-00009092 You are the beliefs you are the social activist.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00023-00009092-00009539 You are the class that will bring a new
-NzeE5EyDKo-00024-00009539-00009791 America to the table.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00025-00009791-00010313 You are the class who will bring a new dream to our
-NzeE5EyDKo-00026-00010313-00010838 beliefs to what we hold dear as an America
-NzeE5EyDKo-00027-00010838-00011372 that is equitable both racially, ethnically,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00028-00011441-00011783 and to a dream that is accessible
-NzeE5EyDKo-00029-00011783-00012125 to all Americans. You are the hope.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00030-00012242-00012545 You are the belief. You are the dream.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00031-00012639-00012900 And as I stand here congratulating you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00032-00013013-00013363 I want you to know that I believe in you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00033-00013472-00013955 I believe in you and I know for surety that you will
-NzeE5EyDKo-00034-00013955-00014243 be not only the dreamers,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00035-00014243-00014729 but you will be the activists in making a truly great
-NzeE5EyDKo-00036-00014729-00015254 America that is open and free and accessible
-NzeE5EyDKo-00037-00015254-00015536 for all Americans.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00038-00015613-00016088 Americans who are black and brown and every
-NzeE5EyDKo-00039-00016088-00016499 and represent every ethnicity who represent every culture.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00040-00016565-00016898 You will be a part of the American voice
-NzeE5EyDKo-00041-00016962-00017414 in bringing equality to all, and America to all.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00042-00017414-00017741 You are the voice. You are the next generation.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00043-00017741-00018071 So go forth. Class of 2020 and go for it.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00044-00018071-00018215 I believe in you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00045-00018215-00018569 I support you and most of all I truly, truly,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00046-00018569-00018708 love and adore you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00047-00018932-00019151 >> DENISE JUNEAU: Congratulations to the Class of 2020.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00048-00019207-00019307 I'm Denise Juneau,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00049-00019307-00019456 Seattle Public Schools Superintendent.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00050-00019529-00019688 When I was a young girl growing up
-NzeE5EyDKo-00051-00019688-00019826 on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation
-NzeE5EyDKo-00052-00019826-00020177 in Montana I would never have dreamed my path would lead
-NzeE5EyDKo-00053-00020177-00020303 to Seattle Public Schools.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00054-00020393-00020629 My story takes me from Head Start to Harvard.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00055-00020711-00020960 I've had the opportunity to lead public education
-NzeE5EyDKo-00056-00020960-00021257 for the state of Montana and I was the first
-NzeE5EyDKo-00057-00021257-00021536 American Indian woman elected to a statewide executive
-NzeE5EyDKo-00058-00021536-00021734 office anywhere in the country.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00059-00021822-00022088 I'm also a proud product of public education.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00060-00022157-00022451 With my community and my education in public schools,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00061-00022451-00022748 that set me up to take advantage of the opportunities
-NzeE5EyDKo-00062-00022748-00022856 that have come my way,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00063-00022940-00023174 and I've learned a lot along my journey.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00064-00023258-00023645 As you take this next big step, here are some tips for the road.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00065-00023710-00023810 Breaking news,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00066-00023810-00023996 adults don't have it all figured out,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00067-00023996-00024224 we just act like we do.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00068-00024224-00024517 So embrace uncertainty and know that learning never ends.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00069-00024517-00024998 It's okay to fail. In fact, it's better than OK.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00070-00024998-00025256 It is necessary to create new and innovative
-NzeE5EyDKo-00071-00025256-00025502 solutions and that's something we really
-NzeE5EyDKo-00072-00025502-00025789 need right now as a nation and global community.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00073-00025880-00026261 And if you have a good idea, act on it. Don't wait.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00074-00026261-00026585 Trust yourself. The world needs your brilliance.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00075-00026651-00026861 You are such a special class of young people
-NzeE5EyDKo-00076-00026861-00027083 because you have already proven that you can
-NzeE5EyDKo-00077-00027083-00027239 roll with the punches,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00078-00027239-00027569 that you can thrive even in the middle of a global pandemic.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00079-00027674-00027902 You have demonstrated that you have the will
-NzeE5EyDKo-00080-00027902-00028183 and skill to get through whatever life throws at you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00081-00028183-00028314 You are ready,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00082-00028314-00028575 and you are already leading by showing up
-NzeE5EyDKo-00083-00028575-00028852 and advocating for change,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00084-00028852-00029255 supporting each other and doing it with courage and bravery.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00085-00029351-00029630 You have earned this celebration of all of your hard work.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00086-00029708-00029989 I urge you now to take your education and walk
-NzeE5EyDKo-00087-00029989-00030248 through the doors of opportunity as they open to you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00088-00030341-00030701 Believe in yourself and believe that no dream is out of reach.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00089-00030764-00031022 Make your voice heard and take leadership roles
-NzeE5EyDKo-00090-00031022-00031177 wherever you find yourself.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00091-00031247-00031508 The world needs your voice your skills your
-NzeE5EyDKo-00092-00031508-00031831 knowledge and your inspiring stories of success.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00093-00031914-00032154 Graduates, as you receive your diploma,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00094-00032154-00032457 know that all of your fans, your family, friends,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00095-00032457-00032562 and community,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00096-00032562-00032808 are all so very proud of what you've accomplished.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00097-00032868-00032976 When you succeed,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00098-00033036-00033242 each and every one of us benefits.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00099-00033324-00033522 I congratulate you Class of 2020.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00100-00033522-00033753 I can't wait to see what you do next.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00101-00033753-00033916 >> JENNIFER LUNDGREN: [performance].
-NzeE5EyDKo-00102-00033916-00034209 >> HIROSHI TANAKA: This poem is titled Buddhist Funeral.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00104-00049128-00049458 I wanted to disappear and for nobody to see me
-NzeE5EyDKo-00105-00049458-00049797 to see the horrors of living from childhood trauma
-NzeE5EyDKo-00106-00049797-00050109 and self-hate I kept in bathroom mirror therapy
-NzeE5EyDKo-00107-00050163-00050601 but as I look at myself as I look at myself I am not
-NzeE5EyDKo-00108-00050601-00051090 ashamed of my body I don't want to be cremated anymore I want
-NzeE5EyDKo-00109-00051090-00051549 my body to hang from gravity pulling my arms down and legs
-NzeE5EyDKo-00110-00051549-00052023 down and stomach down I want my body to hang from gravity
-NzeE5EyDKo-00111-00052023-00052509 for you to see to see all my scars and scabs and bruises
-NzeE5EyDKo-00112-00052509-00052872 to see all the things I kept hidden when I was alive
-NzeE5EyDKo-00113-00053001-00053377 I don't want to disappear in oven and smoke and ash
-NzeE5EyDKo-00114-00053377-00053733 I want my arms to be framed in wooden cases in my living
-NzeE5EyDKo-00115-00053733-00054210 room to say look look at what life I lived look at
-NzeE5EyDKo-00116-00054210-00054629 what life I lived I am not ashamed anymore I am not
-NzeE5EyDKo-00117-00054629-00055067 ashamed of my scars and of my body I am not ashamed of my
-NzeE5EyDKo-00118-00055067-00055326 body I am not ashamed of my body.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00119-00055683-00056001 >> ADAM BILLEN: Thank you to all of the staff members, parents,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00120-00056001-00056427 grandparents, aunts, uncles, siblings, family members,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00121-00056427-00056679 and members of the district that are tuning in today.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00122-00056763-00057080 Graduating virtually is a strange experience
-NzeE5EyDKo-00123-00057080-00057369 but having you all here helps to make it feel a little
-NzeE5EyDKo-00124-00057369-00057469 bit more normal.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00125-00057534-00057798 As a content warning I will be bringing up names of black
-NzeE5EyDKo-00126-00057798-00057939 people killed by state violence.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00127-00057939-00058188 If you are black and don't want to hear those names right
-NzeE5EyDKo-00128-00058188-00058355 now I will give a wave to the camera
-NzeE5EyDKo-00129-00058355-00058457 when I'm done speaking them.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00130-00058580-00058776 We are graduating and what we may look back
-NzeE5EyDKo-00131-00058776-00058971 on as one of the most tumultuous,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00132-00058971-00059267 painful periods of our lives and our communities lives.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00133-00059346-00059570 I'm finishing writing this speech on June 1st
-NzeE5EyDKo-00134-00059570-00059775 and by the time you are hearing this it will
-NzeE5EyDKo-00135-00059775-00060129 have been nearly two weeks since the murder of Tony McDade,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00136-00060129-00060327 three since that of George Floyd,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00137-00060327-00060636 over a month since that of Breanna Taylor,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00138-00060636-00060924 nearly four years since that of Philando Castiel,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00139-00060924-00061179 five since that of Sandra Bland,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00140-00061179-00061401 and eight since that of Trayvon Martin.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00141-00061569-00061836 I will echo the sentiment that I have heard by many black
-NzeE5EyDKo-00142-00061836-00062094 people both in and outside of this community
-NzeE5EyDKo-00143-00062094-00062433 in asking that both myself and my white peers not let
-NzeE5EyDKo-00144-00062433-00062784 this weekend end as a trend or a single moment in history.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00145-00062855-00063060 As we are watching this in two weeks,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00146-00063060-00063416 I ask myself and my peers, specifically my white peers,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00147-00063416-00063639 if our actions are holding up to that request.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00148-00063692-00063917 I feel safe in saying that none of us have
-NzeE5EyDKo-00149-00063917-00064236 in the past four years. I hope that this moment,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00150-00064236-00064509 where I have seen so many of us come back together
-NzeE5EyDKo-00151-00064509-00064829 to talk and act after being isolated for so long,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00152-00064829-00065007 does not end as a moment.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00153-00065202-00065516 Given that for the past two or three months we have
-NzeE5EyDKo-00154-00065516-00065664 been pulled apart as a class,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00155-00065715-00065994 I would like to take this time to reflect on some of the things
-NzeE5EyDKo-00156-00065994-00066129 that have brought us together.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00157-00066210-00066426 One of the beautiful and sometimes annoying
-NzeE5EyDKo-00158-00066426-00066708 things about Center is that its size makes those
-NzeE5EyDKo-00159-00066708-00067029 shared experiences plentiful. So,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00160-00067029-00067452 for each year of our time at center I have chosen some
-NzeE5EyDKo-00161-00067452-00067728 experiences and selected an object that I feel
-NzeE5EyDKo-00162-00067728-00068055 best symbolizes those experiences and that year.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00163-00068145-00068400 For our freshman year I have chosen the humble Dicks
-NzeE5EyDKo-00164-00068400-00068670 milkshake to represent our first time realizing
-NzeE5EyDKo-00165-00068670-00068874 that we could get to Dicks and back before
-NzeE5EyDKo-00166-00068874-00069006 our fifth and sixth periods.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00167-00069078-00069384 I think this encapsulates our freshman year well,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00168-00069384-00069867 which more than any one class or event was defined by firsts.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00169-00069867-00070101 Our first time meeting each other,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00170-00070101-00070350 our first time sitting and making art together,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00171-00070350-00070653 our first time getting yelled at by an upperclassmen,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00172-00070653-00070927 our first time getting in an argument over whether
-NzeE5EyDKo-00173-00070927-00071229 or going straight or turning right at 3rd and Vine
-NzeE5EyDKo-00174-00071229-00071397 is faster on our way to school.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00175-00071397-00071676 It was also our first Spirit Week and,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00176-00071676-00071979 importantly, our first time talking to a slime-based
-NzeE5EyDKo-00177-00071979-00072090 Instagram celebrity.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00178-00072178-00072502 In our sophomore year we began to break out of our shells,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00179-00072502-00072657 the object for this year,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00180-00072657-00072942 and start to get more involved we became even more
-NzeE5EyDKo-00181-00072942-00073191 emboldened to play with slime in class,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00182-00073191-00073332 started joining MUN,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00183-00073413-00073683 theater kids got eaten by carnivorous plants,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00184-00073683-00073917 we spent Saturday and Sunday mornings
-NzeE5EyDKo-00185-00073917-00074057 summoning mountains with OEE,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00186-00074135-00074322 and we put on our first successful school
-NzeE5EyDKo-00187-00074322-00074422 dance as an ASB.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00188-00074541-00074802 We also dealt with tragedy that year and the loss
-NzeE5EyDKo-00189-00074802-00074988 of a treasured leader of our community,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00190-00074988-00075101 Molly Pritchard.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00191-00075162-00075333 The People Of Color Alliance’s MLK
-NzeE5EyDKo-00192-00075333-00075606 day assembly was threatened and flooded with hate.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00193-00075687-00075963 The year was incredibly difficult for many members
-NzeE5EyDKo-00194-00075963-00076245 of our class and moving into our junior year
-NzeE5EyDKo-00195-00076245-00076530 was a struggle for many. And,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00196-00076530-00076824 by the time we had hit junior year we had heard
-NzeE5EyDKo-00197-00076824-00077157 enough by upperclassmen to know that it was going to be tough.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00198-00077229-00077418 Our shared experience of grinding through
-NzeE5EyDKo-00199-00077418-00077679 junior year humanities, finishing our IARP’s,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00200-00077760-00078030 putting on all of our decades day and taking
-NzeE5EyDKo-00201-00078030-00078435 the S.A.T. were, so put it lightly, gnarly.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00202-00078540-00078679 We shared snow-pocalypse,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00203-00078679-00078885 a break from school that was not too long.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00204-00078885-00079167 We got to know new members of our class and we shared
-NzeE5EyDKo-00205-00079167-00079404 the experience of having wonderful
-NzeE5EyDKo-00206-00079404-00079701 exchange students in our school. However,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00207-00079701-00080052 what I firmly believe is the most bonding
-NzeE5EyDKo-00208-00080052-00080313 and formative event of our high school year,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00209-00080313-00080523 more than slime, decades days,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00210-00080523-00080727 or Center Field Days could ever hope to be
-NzeE5EyDKo-00211-00080778-00081048 was the collective experience of seeing
-NzeE5EyDKo-00212-00081048-00081228 and smelling the ramp poop,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00213-00081324-00081534 and it bonded us together in a way that nothing
-NzeE5EyDKo-00214-00081534-00081624 else ever could.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00215-00081624-00081795 And so it is our object for this year.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00216-00081903-00082164 For this year our final year at The Center School.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00217-00082164-00082455 I would like to propose a far more practical object.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00218-00082455-00082585 The sticky note.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00219-00082585-00082944 In our senior year we have learned to refine our academic
-NzeE5EyDKo-00220-00082944-00083175 and organizational skills and we've used them
-NzeE5EyDKo-00221-00083175-00083481 to take political action and to check off all
-NzeE5EyDKo-00222-00083481-00083661 of the boxes required to graduate.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00223-00083742-00083943 It represents the organizational skills
-NzeE5EyDKo-00224-00083943-00084192 that we've developed and utilized to give unified
-NzeE5EyDKo-00225-00084192-00084606 testimony across 45 students divided into multiple
-NzeE5EyDKo-00226-00084606-00084783 groups at City Hall in the fall,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00227-00084851-00085095 and it represents how we use those skills again more
-NzeE5EyDKo-00228-00085095-00085323 recently to travel to Olympia with Mr.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00229-00085323-00085677 Greenberg and staff to advocate for the issues and policies
-NzeE5EyDKo-00230-00085677-00085980 that mattered most to us. In March however,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00231-00085980-00086118 this was disrupted.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00232-00086172-00086448 With the rise of COVID-19 we had to pull apart
-NzeE5EyDKo-00233-00086448-00086772 and break and break bonds far earlier than we normally
-NzeE5EyDKo-00234-00086772-00086872 would have needed to.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00235-00086979-00087240 This was and is of course for a good purpose,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00236-00087240-00087423 protecting those very communities.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00237-00087498-00087843 But what I hope that we can all still remember is that over
-NzeE5EyDKo-00238-00087843-00088116 the past four years we have built the tools to be both
-NzeE5EyDKo-00239-00088116-00088341 personally and politically organized.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00240-00088404-00088692 It is time for us to go out into the world and use
-NzeE5EyDKo-00241-00088692-00088944 those skills to develop larger personal lives
-NzeE5EyDKo-00242-00088944-00089181 and contribute to our larger communities.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00243-00089244-00089409 If you have made it to this point,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00244-00089409-00089574 which you have because you are watching
-NzeE5EyDKo-00245-00089574-00089673 this stream,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00246-00089673-00089895 then you no longer have reason to doubt yourself
-NzeE5EyDKo-00247-00089895-00090015 and your ability to do that.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00248-00090102-00090327 We have checked off all of the boxes,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00249-00090327-00090525 finished all of the projects,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00250-00090525-00090756 read or Spark Notes all of the books,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00251-00090817-00090993 and we have done all of our grad reqs.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00252-00091092-00091242 Class of 2020,
-NzeE5EyDKo-00253-00091242-00091605 it is time for us to leave the center school. Thank you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00254-00091737-00092116 >> DOUGLAS FRAZIER:  seniors. This is Doug.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00255-00092116-00092409 And I guess at first I want to.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00256-00092409-00092702 Well I want to congratulate the seniors of 2020.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00257-00092702-00093114 And thank you for allowing me to give
-NzeE5EyDKo-00258-00093114-00093435 a few words of wisdom if you will.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00259-00093435-00093927 Upon your graduation and I tell you what a year it has been huh.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00260-00094152-00094452 In a way you've been given a taste of what the world
-NzeE5EyDKo-00261-00094527-00094668 is ready to give to you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00262-00094728-00095259 And and again I just I can't tell you how proud I am of you.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00263-00095510-00095774 It. I've been there kind of from the beginning
-NzeE5EyDKo-00264-00095774-00096266 and in the entire year watching you learn and and ask
-NzeE5EyDKo-00265-00096266-00096692 questions and before we go any further this is be kind
-NzeE5EyDKo-00266-00096692-00096980 of a unique keynote because I've been asked
-NzeE5EyDKo-00267-00096980-00097601 to do a song by someone his name rhymes with John Greenberg.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00268-00097601-00097796 No but it's all good.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00269-00097796-00098285 I'm honored and I I'll I'll do a song and I I just I'm blessed
-NzeE5EyDKo-00270-00098285-00098630 that I've been asked to do this so I'm going to keep
-NzeE5EyDKo-00271-00098630-00098915 my words fairly brief so others will have ample
-NzeE5EyDKo-00272-00098915-00099263 time to you know contribute to this wonderful celebration.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00273-00099335-00099761 But as stated before this past year has really kind
-NzeE5EyDKo-00274-00099761-00100106 of given you a glimpse into the future
-NzeE5EyDKo-00275-00100106-00100550 of what life will look like as you enter the adult
-NzeE5EyDKo-00276-00100550-00100706 phase of your of your journey.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00277-00100787-00101165 But the good news is you are certainly prepared.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00278-00101165-00101498 Like I said I've I've been there with you in the beginning
-NzeE5EyDKo-00279-00101498-00101669 the beginning of the school year.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00280-00101741-00102044 I have no doubt that you have what it takes
-NzeE5EyDKo-00281-00102044-00102257 to contribute to the greater good of society
-NzeE5EyDKo-00282-00102257-00102533 and that's important. And you might ask why.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00283-00102620-00103079 Because like I said seeing you learn watching you learn
-NzeE5EyDKo-00284-00103079-00103388 you know you've questioned authority when it needed
-NzeE5EyDKo-00285-00103388-00103849 to be questioned and you know one of the biggest examples
-NzeE5EyDKo-00286-00103849-00104297 I've seen is you know taking your questions to City Hall
-NzeE5EyDKo-00287-00104297-00104572 and questioning local government and telling
-NzeE5EyDKo-00288-00104572-00104878 them that they're things about the system that are broken
-NzeE5EyDKo-00289-00104878-00105026 and that need to be fixed.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00290-00105026-00105230 You know that that is a special thing
-NzeE5EyDKo-00291-00105230-00105502 and I told you when you did it.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00292-00105502-00105866 There are there are adults that I know that can't do that.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00293-00105866-00106091 And the fact that you are young and that you are taking
-NzeE5EyDKo-00294-00106091-00106391 the bull by the horns and basically demanding social
-NzeE5EyDKo-00295-00106391-00106841 change and and and as I give this speech you know you can
-NzeE5EyDKo-00296-00106841-00107027 turn on your television and see evidence
-NzeE5EyDKo-00297-00107027-00107348 of that daily for the last couple of weeks we've seen it.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00298-00107441-00108005 And and so but but what you have done and the bravery
-NzeE5EyDKo-00299-00108005-00108329 that you've shown what you've already done
-NzeE5EyDKo-00300-00108329-00108683 as teenagers as you leave as you leave center school
-NzeE5EyDKo-00301-00108683-00108926 and I've seen this you've already given
-NzeE5EyDKo-00302-00108926-00109064 a voice to the voiceless.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00303-00109172-00109472 You've helped those who cannot help themselves.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00304-00109472-00109775 And you've already fought for those who cannot fight.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00305-00109873-00110285 And and something that's that's very important.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00306-00110394-00110688 And I've said this to you before and I'll I'll say it again
-NzeE5EyDKo-00307-00110834-00111319 if you don't learn anything from me take take this one
-NzeE5EyDKo-00308-00111319-00111598 phrase with you as you as you move forward.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00309-00111679-00111952 And this is important you never learn
-NzeE5EyDKo-00310-00111952-00112343 what you don't want to know and I'll say that one more time.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00311-00112411-00112727 You never learn what you don't want to know.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00312-00112783-00113306 And so in a way your education starts well today the moment
-NzeE5EyDKo-00313-00113306-00113600 you graduate that's when it really starts
-NzeE5EyDKo-00314-00113600-00113849 because you'll have the opportunity to put
-NzeE5EyDKo-00315-00113849-00114008 into motion everything that you learned
-NzeE5EyDKo-00316-00114072-00114467 and and again again I just can't be more
-NzeE5EyDKo-00317-00114467-00114610 proud of what you've done.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00318-00114674-00114965 You guys have embraced me every single day.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00319-00115079-00115408 And I just I just can't be more proud.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00320-00115408-00115832 I mean I can go on and on and on and so before
-NzeE5EyDKo-00321-00115832-00116161 we get to the song for those of you who do not know me my
-NzeE5EyDKo-00322-00116161-00116666 name is Douglas Demiso Frazier and I along with the class
-NzeE5EyDKo-00323-00116666-00117251 of 2020 approve this message and thank you once
-NzeE5EyDKo-00324-00117251-00117470 again seniors. I love you so much.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00325-00117470-00117826 And now all I can say is enjoy the music
-NzeE5EyDKo-00326-00119452-00119552 [performance.]
-NzeE5EyDKo-00327-00119552-00119910 >> ZACHARY DEWOLF: On behalf of all seven of the school
-NzeE5EyDKo-00328-00119910-00120106 board directors and with the authority
-NzeE5EyDKo-00330-00163032-00163335 I accept the students before me as 2020
-NzeE5EyDKo-00331-00163335-00163650 graduates of The Center School. Congratulations.
-NzeE5EyDKo-00332-00163650-00163945 We are so proud of all that you have accomplished.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00000-00000129-00000241 Hello again,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00001-00000241-00000364 in this video,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00002-00000364-00000772 I'm going to talk about the five ways that you can
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00003-00000772-00001119 take your business to the stratosphere.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00004-00001119-00001221 Stay tuned.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00005-00001221-00001660 Hi Doug Barra with ActionCOACH business coaching,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00006-00001660-00002048 and this is Business Success with Doug Barra.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00007-00002048-00002201 In today's video,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00008-00002201-00002691 we're going to talk about the five ways to massive success
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00009-00002691-00002844 in your business.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00010-00002844-00003365 Now, the five ways starts with understanding that this is the
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00011-00003365-00003671 chassis that your business runs on.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00012-00003672-00004106 Now, just like every kind of car has a chassis underneath
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00013-00004106-00004531 it. Every kind of business has a chassis underneath it.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00014-00004531-00004789 And the same chassis can run many,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00015-00004789-00005011 many different businesses.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00016-00005011-00005371 And what I'll tell you is that for the chassis of
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00017-00005371-00005639 business, it runs all businesses.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00018-00005639-00006091 I don't care whether you have a nice little family business
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00019-00006091-00006368 that just takes care of your family,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00020-00006368-00006853 or whether you're trying to build a mega business that's going
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00021-00006853-00007030 to take over the world.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00022-00007030-00007281 They all run on the same chassis.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00023-00007281-00007627 And this is what I'm going to talk to you about
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00024-00007627-00008130 today. The business success chassis looks like number of leads,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00025-00008130-00008270 conversion rate,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00026-00008270-00008438 number of customers,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00027-00008438-00008633 number of transactions,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00028-00008633-00008745 average sale,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00029-00008745-00008904 revenues, margins,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00030-00008904-00008997 and profit.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00031-00008997-00009314 Now you might have just said to yourself,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00032-00009341-00009442 wait a minute,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00033-00009442-00009661 Doug. That wasn't five things.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00034-00009661-00009820 That was eight things.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00035-00009820-00010048 I think your math is a little off.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00036-00010048-00010350 Well, five of those are the important ones,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00037-00010350-00010578 not the three you think they are!
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00038-00010578-00010779 Not the number of customers,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00039-00010779-00011166 not the revenues and not the profits because each one of
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00040-00011166-00011494 them is actually a result of what comes before.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00041-00011494-00011873 Number of customers is a result of the number of leads.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00042-00011873-00012092 The number of people who actually raised their hand said,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00043-00012092-00012374 I'm interested in finding out what you do.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00044-00012407-00012938 Times your conversion rate your effectiveness at creating a sale.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00045-00013022-00013058 All right,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00046-00013058-00013208 now let's just throw in some numbers.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00047-00013208-00013597 So what if you had a theoretical business?
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00048-00013625-00013922 Okay. These numbers don't mean anything other than they're easy for
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00049-00013922-00013985 me to remember.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00050-00014000-00014222 And let's say in that theoretical business,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00051-00014258-00014368 you have 4,000
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00052-00014368-00014488 leads. So 4,000
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00053-00014488-00014994 people have raised their hands said I'm interested in finding out
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00054-00014994-00015085 what you do.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00055-00015085-00015222 And of those 4,000
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00056-00015222-00015536 people. You're an average salesperson.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00057-00015536-00015766 So you can convert 25% of them.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00058-00015766-00015876 So 25% of 4,000
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00059-00015876-00015940 is 1000.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00060-00015940-00016143 So we have 1000 customers.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00061-00016143-00016225 All right,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00062-00016225-00016676 now let's say those customers on average buy from us twice.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00063-00016676-00016961 So the number of transactions is two.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00064-00017018-00017045 All right,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00065-00017048-00017316 now I understand that some of them might buy once,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00066-00017321-00017372 go away.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00067-00017372-00017546 And some of them might buy hundreds of times.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00068-00017609-00017804 The average I'm saying is two.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00069-00017855-00017885 All right.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00070-00017891-00017989 And on average,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00071-00017992-00018130 they pay a hundred dollars.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00072-00018133-00018358 That's their average transaction.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00073-00018454-00018484 All right.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00074-00018484-00018583 Their average sale,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00075-00018592-00019102 $100. So I have 1000 people buying from me twice for
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00076-00019102-00019357 an average of $100.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00077-00019393-00019807 Therefore I have revenues of $200,000.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00078-00019819-00019894 Okay. Makes sense.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00079-00019894-00020026 Right. Thousand customers,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00080-00020026-00020083 times two,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00081-00020144-00020350 2000 times a hundred.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00082-00020386-00020590 I now have $200,000
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00083-00020590-00020671 in revenues.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00084-00020716-00021085 Okay. Now let's say my margins are 25% again,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00085-00021085-00021244 because it's very easy for me to work.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00086-00021259-00021469 That means I have $50,000
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00087-00021475-00021550 in profit.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00088-00021640-00022084 Okay. So I now understand what those numbers are.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00089-00022084-00022258 I've done the measuring.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00090-00022258-00022398 I know what they are.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00091-00022398-00022581 So what does that do for me?
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00092-00022581-00022672 Okay, great.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00093-00022672-00022969 You've got a nice autopsy of your business.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00094-00022969-00023019 No, no.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00095-00023019-00023193 Here's the value of that.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00096-00023193-00023557 There's two ways that this is super valuable for you.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00097-00023557-00023896 Okay. One way is let's start at the bottom and say,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00098-00023896-00023996 you know what?
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00099-00023996-00024203 I actually don't want $50,000
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00100-00024203-00024277 in profit.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00101-00024280-00024472 I want a hundred thousand dollars in profits.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00102-00024511-00024583 Okay, great.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00103-00024616-00024766 I take that a hundred thousand dollars.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00104-00024766-00025165 I say my margins are 25%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00105-00025201-00025645 Therefore my revenues need to be instead of $200,000,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00106-00025687-00025888 they need to be $400,000.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00107-00025942-00026008 Okay, great.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00108-00026077-00026386 Okay. And I just keep working my way back up until
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00109-00026386-00026725 I get to how many people do I have to talk
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00110-00026725-00027061 to on a regular basis to make those numbers.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00111-00027189-00027238 But again,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00112-00027250-00027568 that's not super the super value of this.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00113-00027568-00027777 The super value of this is understanding.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00114-00027832-00028285 Leverage. Leverage is what we call divide to multiply,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00115-00028318-00028645 divide to multiply says if I divide something up and then
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00116-00028645-00028816 multiply my results,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00117-00028954-00029401 I get better results when I do increases in each one
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00118-00029401-00029467 of those areas.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00119-00029512-00030043 So if I'm focused on my number of leads and let's
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00120-00030043-00030304 say I focus on it and I really work on it
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00121-00030345-00030580 and I get 10% more leads,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00122-00030607-00030639 all right.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00123-00030643-00030720 10% more,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00124-00030722-00030922 4,000 is 4,400.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00125-00030979-00031002 All right.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00126-00031002-00031170 So now I have 4,400
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00127-00031170-00031360 leads. All right.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00128-00031389-00031576 Then I focus on my conversion rate.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00129-00031576-00031732 I do all kinds of sales training.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00130-00031732-00032086 I do lots of things to make sure that I can
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00131-00032181-00032505 get more people to buy.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00132-00032593-00032739 Right. I do sales training.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00133-00032739-00032802 I do scripts.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00134-00032802-00032928 I do testing and measuring.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00135-00032934-00033093 I learned how to do better.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00136-00033093-00033189 I have better offers.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00137-00033234-00033699 And let's say I take my 25% conversion rate and I
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00138-00033699-00033864 raise it by 10%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00139-00033972-00034320 Now I'm at 27 and a half percent conversion rate.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00140-00034392-00034425 All right,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00141-00034425-00034692 10%, two and a half percent higher.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00142-00034761-00034974 25 goes to 27 and a half percent.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00143-00034974-00035259 So now I have 4,400
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00144-00035259-00035520 leads, 27 and a half percent conversion rate.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00145-00035538-00035826 I multiply those two together and I,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00146-00035826-00036066 another 10% increase in my...
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00147-00036066-00036211 oh, wait a minute,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00148-00036211-00036278 hold on.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00149-00036278-00036537 My customers didn't go up by 10%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00150-00036537-00036691 They went up by 21%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00151-00036691-00036787 I have 1,210
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00152-00036787-00037114 customers now because I multiplied two,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00153-00037114-00037306 10% together to get 21%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00154-00037306-00037825 This is the value of understanding that leverage and that divide
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00155-00037825-00037930 to multiply.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00156-00037930-00038180 Keep going down transactions.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00157-00038180-00038333 I take my two transactions.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00158-00038333-00038531 I increase them by 10%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00159-00038531-00038654 I have 2.2
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00160-00038654-00039044 transactions. I take my a hundred dollar average dollar sale.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00161-00039044-00039302 I changed it to $110.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00162-00039362-00039572 I now have 1,210
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00163-00039572-00039782 customers. 2.2
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00164-00039956-00040238 transactions, $110 average sale.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00165-00040274-00040805 I multiply that out and now I have a 46% increase
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00166-00040841-00040922 in my revenues.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00167-00040970-00041570 46%. I take my margins up them by 10%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00168-00041585-00041717 Now, hold on,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00169-00041717-00041801 let me go back for a second.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00170-00041804-00042032 Because one of the things I want to talk about there
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00171-00042032-00042221 is how do I do that?
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00172-00042257-00042479 Okay. So number of transactions,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00173-00042482-00042689 this is all about getting people to come back.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00174-00042692-00042797 It's our database.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00175-00042797-00042992 It's making sure that we're reaching out to people,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00176-00042992-00043052 touching people,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00177-00043052-00043454 making sure that people know what we do that have already
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00178-00043454-00043532 bought from us.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00179-00043538-00043629 So they come back.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00180-00043629-00043847 It's a lot cheaper to go get them to come back
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00181-00043847-00043992 than it is to go find a new one.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00182-00043992-00044101 Average dollar sale.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00183-00044101-00044380 Plenty of ways we can increase our average dollar sale.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00184-00044380-00044658 Think about what it's like when you go into McDonald's,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00185-00044658-00044816 would you like fries with that?
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00186-00044816-00044979 Would you like a shake with that?
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00187-00044979-00045149 Would you like dessert with that?
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00188-00045200-00045553 All things that help to increase the average dollar sale,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00189-00045553-00045693 adding a little bit on,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00190-00045693-00045936 maybe you just raise your prices by 10%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00191-00045936-00046002 So anyway,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00192-00046002-00046193 we can get those 10% increases.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00193-00046193-00046318 Now we go to margins.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00194-00046318-00046642 There's a lot of ways we can increase margins as well.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00195-00046642-00046708 All right.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00196-00046708-00047069 One of the ways you can increase margins was everything you
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00197-00047069-00047135 did up top,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00198-00047213-00047465 right? Because the more we sell,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00199-00047465-00047763 the more our margins are going to go up,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00200-00047763-00048043 right? Because we have fixed costs.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00201-00048043-00048491 That percentage of those fixed costs to our sales is going
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00202-00048491-00048574 to go down.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00203-00048574-00048658 As we go up.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00204-00048658-00049125 Now, the percentage of our costs that's related to our sales
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00205-00049125-00049181 is not,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00206-00049181-00049631 but there is going to be a portion of those costs
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00207-00049637-00049751 that are not going to increase.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00208-00049751-00049952 So just because we raised our revenues,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00209-00049976-00050102 our margins are going to go up.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00210-00050240-00050357 Let's say we get 10%.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00211-00050357-00050612 Again, we go from 25 to 27 and a half percent.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00212-00050657-00051131 Now we have a 61% increase in profit.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00213-00051284-00051911 61%. That's a massive increase just from doing 10% in each
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00214-00051911-00051998 one of those areas.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00215-00052175-00052298 If you'd like to find out more,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00216-00052316-00052403 reach out to me.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00217-00052436-00052595 If you've got value from this video,
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00218-00052622-00052712 please subscribe.
-NFo0ksk5_Q-00219-00052750-00052879 I look forward to seeing you again.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00000-00000127-00000397 Aven: Welcome to the Endless Knot Podcast where the more we know
-NSS5eh4h8U-00001-00000424-00000552 Mark: the more we want to find out
-NSS5eh4h8U-00002-00000597-00000865 Aven: tracing serendipitous connections through our lives
-NSS5eh4h8U-00003-00000870-00000994 Mark: and across disciplines
-NSS5eh4h8U-00004-00001044-00001129 Aven: Hi, I'm Aven
-NSS5eh4h8U-00005-00001157-00001218 Mark: and I'm Mark.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00006-00001231-00001471 Aven: And today we're talking about etymology
-NSS5eh4h8U-00007-00001572-00001726 Mark: Quelle surprise
-NSS5eh4h8U-00008-00001763-00002273 Aven: but even more so than usual, we're going to be talking
-NSS5eh4h8U-00009-00002273-00002498 about the etymology of etymology.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00010-00002611-00003008 We don't have very much to get to before that really just our cocktail.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00011-00003029-00003080 Mark: All right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00012-00003107-00003179 Aven: So,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00013-00003200-00003443 Mark: this, this will make sense in, in retrospect, I guess
-NSS5eh4h8U-00014-00003545-00003799 Aven: Made sense to me when we were looking it up, I now can't
-NSS5eh4h8U-00015-00003799-00004180 remember how I got to it, but we are having a cocktail known as a
-NSS5eh4h8U-00016-00004183-00004424 Simple Truth, Difford's Guide recipe.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00017-00004454-00005078 It has rum and grapefruit juice and pineapple juice and honey syrup.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00018-00005109-00005234 And that was it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00019-00005252-00005352 Oh, no, and Campari.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00020-00005386-00005457 So cheers.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00021-00005478-00005528 Cheers.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00022-00005546-00005829 Mark: Or as the recipe actually said red bitter
-NSS5eh4h8U-00023-00005831-00006058 Aven: Italian red Italian bitter liqueur.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00024-00006079-00006127 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00025-00006127-00006271 Italian red liquor bitter.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00026-00006362-00006448 I can't get this straight.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00027-00006484-00006682 Mark: This is the adjective zone thing.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00028-00006720-00007198 Aven: Italian red bitter liqueur, I think, but they must've meant Campari.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00029-00007264-00007354 That's real tasty though.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00030-00007390-00007435 It's interesting.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00031-00007435-00007705 They call that the simple truth and there were a bunch of other
-NSS5eh4h8U-00032-00007705-00008014 cocktail recipes, several different versions called the bitter truth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00033-00008044-00008245 I feel like you know, this has quite a lot of bitterness to it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00034-00008293-00008538 So maybe the simple truth has always been better truth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00035-00008579-00008747 Ooh, starting off real deep.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00036-00008797-00008848 All right, Mark.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00037-00008854-00009112 Explain why we're talking about etymology more.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00038-00009133-00009574 Why is this etymology podcast more special than every other etymology podcast?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00039-00009574-00009624 Mark?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00040-00009674-00009816 Mark: It's our eldest son's fault.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00041-00009897-00009971 Oh Aven: yeah, that's right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00042-00009972-00010048 I'd become that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00043-00010104-00010152 So
-NSS5eh4h8U-00044-00010152-00010586 Mark: I was, you know, we were trying to discuss ideas, I think in a car trip
-NSS5eh4h8U-00045-00010586-00010982 to somewhere trying to come up with ideas about, you know, what to do for a
-NSS5eh4h8U-00046-00010982-00011255 podcast and no, not a podcast for a video.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00047-00011328-00011723 And he said, well, why don't you do the etymology of the word etymology?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00048-00011920-00012059 I said, you're right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00049-00012062-00012125 Why not?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00050-00012266-00012442 Aven: It must have been like what, 10 or something?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00051-00012445-00012505 Yeah,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00052-00012505-00012613 Mark: it was a while ago.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00053-00012655-00012786 Yeah. And and so I did.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00054-00012786-00012986 Aven: And so you did, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00055-00012986-00013369 So today we're going to talk about the, having done it, the last episode was
-NSS5eh4h8U-00056-00013369-00013655 pure history and no etymology at all.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00057-00013655-00014044 This one was all etymology and then some we're going to get
-NSS5eh4h8U-00058-00014044-00014152 into the weeds a little bit.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00059-00014185-00014524 So we're going to listen to the video that came out of that conversation,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00060-00014569-00015076 and then talk even more in depth about the mechanics of etymology
-NSS5eh4h8U-00061-00015109-00015625 and about some ancient and medieval etymologizers, so let's get going.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00062-00015939-00016231 Mark: Words have a past, and like all of us they can change as they
-NSS5eh4h8U-00063-00016231-00016599 grow—so it’s often important to consider their etymology, or history.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00064-00016655-00016999 Words are, in a sense, the fossil remains of culture, the traces left
-NSS5eh4h8U-00065-00016999-00017381 behind by years of cultural change, so by examining these potsherds of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00066-00017381-00017729 language we gain insight into the history of culture by looking at what
-NSS5eh4h8U-00067-00017729-00018066 semantic frame has been connected to a given word throughout its history.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00068-00018107-00018486 However, we must remember that the meanings of words do change over time, and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00069-00018486-00018891 what a word means now is not necessarily determined by what it used to mean, as
-NSS5eh4h8U-00070-00018892-00019270 is the case for instance with the word decimated, which used to mean “reduced by
-NSS5eh4h8U-00071-00019270-00019733 a tenth”, but now is commonly used to mean “reduced by a nonspecific extreme amount”.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00072-00019776-00020150 And yes, whatever the pedants say, literally can be meant figuratively
-NSS5eh4h8U-00073-00020153-00020341 and just be used as an intensifier.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00074-00020371-00020624 If we forget this, and think that a word must always mean
-NSS5eh4h8U-00075-00020624-00020941 what its roots once meant, we are committing the etymological fallacy.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00076-00020981-00021326 Besides, what’s really fascinating is the way words change over time.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00077-00021431-00021846 So, the etym- part of the word etymology comes from a Greek root meaning ‘true’,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00078-00021851-00022256 so etymology originally meant the study of the truth behind words, -logy
-NSS5eh4h8U-00079-00022288-00022707 meaning the study of, from Greek logos meaning “word, thought, or explanation”.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00080-00022732-00023097 Greek etumos may be related to sooth as in soothsayer [a teller
-NSS5eh4h8U-00081-00023097-00023488 of truths] and forsooth meaning, one might say, “for reals”.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00082-00023515-00023924 In fact, in Classical and medieval times scholars often believed that by finding
-NSS5eh4h8U-00083-00023927-00024326 the “true” roots and meanings of words they could learn about the “true” nature
-NSS5eh4h8U-00084-00024326-00024563 of reality, and even God’s plan itself.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00085-00024614-00024932 Perhaps the most famous example of this was Isidore of Seville’s great
-NSS5eh4h8U-00086-00024932-00025275 work, the Etymologiae, which sought to explain the world by finding
-NSS5eh4h8U-00087-00025275-00025445 the true names of everything in it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00088-00025467-00025776 Nowadays, of course, we use the term etymology to refer to study of the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00089-00025777-00026151 origins and history of words, as opposed to their current meanings and uses.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00090-00026208-00026599 Actually, Isidore’s Etymologiae is more than just a work of etymology.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00091-00026623-00026916 It’s an encyclopedic collection of all the knowledge that Isidore, a
-NSS5eh4h8U-00092-00026916-00027243 5th to 6th century bishop with feet planted in both the classical and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00093-00027246-00027392 medieval worlds, thought important.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00094-00027449-00027694 It’s full of information about the classical world that would have
-NSS5eh4h8U-00095-00027694-00028002 been lost otherwise, and came to be a standard textbook of medieval
-NSS5eh4h8U-00096-00028002-00028351 education in the seven liberal arts, made up of the subjects of the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00097-00028379-00028755 trivium [grammar, logic, and rhetoric] and the quadrivium [arithmetic,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00098-00028757-00028924 geometry, music, and astronomy].
-NSS5eh4h8U-00099-00028959-00029216 In fact, that’s sort of what encyclopedia means.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00100-00029250-00029632 It comes from the Greek phrase encuclios paideia, literally the “circle of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00101-00029632-00029995 education” referring to the educational curriculum, and initially that’s
-NSS5eh4h8U-00102-00029995-00030141 what the word meant in English too.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00103-00030244-00030572 Encuclios comes from a root that means “to revolve” and is related
-NSS5eh4h8U-00104-00030572-00030748 to the words cycle and wheel.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00105-00030755-00031136 And paideia literally means “child rearing” coming from Greek pais
-NSS5eh4h8U-00106-00031140-00031433 meaning “child”, and ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European
-NSS5eh4h8U-00107-00031433-00031576 root meaning “little or few”.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00108-00031624-00031992 From this in the “child” sense we get words such as pediatrician, and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00109-00031992-00032387 in the “education” sense words such as pedagogy and pedant — a word too
-NSS5eh4h8U-00110-00032387-00032572 often connected to lovers of language!
-NSS5eh4h8U-00111-00032658-00032959 Isidore drew on other earlier “encyclopedic” general knowledge books
-NSS5eh4h8U-00112-00032963-00033317 like Pliny’s Natural History, and there have since been other such works.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00113-00033372-00033721 However, one of the first modern encyclopedias as we would recognize
-NSS5eh4h8U-00114-00033721-00034138 it today was the Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00115-00034163-00034584 des arts et des métiers compiled by enlightenment thinker Denis Diderot.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00116-00034675-00035067 Today, of course, print encyclopedias have all but disappeared, largely replaced
-NSS5eh4h8U-00117-00035068-00035451 by online resources such as Wikipedia [from the Hawaiian word wiki meaning
-NSS5eh4h8U-00118-00035451-00035939 quick, so literally then a portmanteau meaning “quick education”, fitting no?].
-NSS5eh4h8U-00119-00035968-00036318 So it is perhaps appropriate that Isidore of Seville has been suggested
-NSS5eh4h8U-00120-00036318-00036489 as the patron saint of the internet.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00121-00036561-00036869 But getting back to etymology, while we often trace words back to their
-NSS5eh4h8U-00122-00036869-00037224 immediate source before coming into modern English, such as Old English,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00123-00037226-00037622 French, Latin, or Greek, we can sometimes go back to English’s most distant
-NSS5eh4h8U-00124-00037628-00037820 traceable ancestor, Proto-Indo-European.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00125-00037904-00038094 So it’s time for a word about that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00126-00038199-00038543 Languages are like families, with parent, child, and cousin languages.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00127-00038573-00038982 English, for instance, is one member of the Indo-European family of languages,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00128-00038985-00039446 and counts among its relatives languages such as Latin, French, German, Greek,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00129-00039449-00039664 and Hindi—and a long list of others.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00130-00039719-00040159 The ultimate parent of all these languages is thus said to be Proto-Indo-European,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00131-00040160-00040390 a hypothetical reconstructed language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00132-00040425-00040778 That’s what a proto-language is, a hypothetical reconstructed language
-NSS5eh4h8U-00133-00040779-00041125 from which other known languages descend, from Greek proton meaning
-NSS5eh4h8U-00134-00041125-00041533 “first”, so Proto-Indo-European is the first Indo-European language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00135-00041564-00041995 And for completeness, Indo- and India come, through Latin, Greek, and Persian,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00136-00041997-00042371 from a Sanskrit word meaning “river”, possibly from an Indo-European root
-NSS5eh4h8U-00137-00042374-00042556 which means “to drive or go away”.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00138-00042590-00042983 And European and Europe come from a figure in Greek myth named Europa,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00139-00042990-00043162 who was ravished by the god Zeus.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00140-00043188-00043585 But the name is of uncertain ultimate origin, possibly meaning “broad face”
-NSS5eh4h8U-00141-00043585-00044093 from eurys meaning “wide” and ops meaning literally “eye”, or ironically possibly
-NSS5eh4h8U-00142-00044093-00044600 from a non-Indo-European source, such as Akkadian erebu “to go down, set”, as
-NSS5eh4h8U-00143-00044600-00045073 in sunset, or Phoenician ‘ereb meaning “evening”, either way suggesting the west.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00144-00045114-00045536 We don’t know for sure when or where the original speakers of Proto-Indo-European
-NSS5eh4h8U-00145-00045536-00045941 lived, but it was probably in or before the 4th millennium BCE.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00146-00045966-00046352 One theory, called the Kurgan hypothesis, is that they lived in the steppeland
-NSS5eh4h8U-00147-00046356-00046733 north of the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains, and the Caspian Sea, where
-NSS5eh4h8U-00148-00046733-00047089 the horse was first domesticated, and it was this technological advance
-NSS5eh4h8U-00149-00047090-00047424 which allowed them to herd more efficiently and to expand into new areas.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00150-00047478-00047853 Another theory, the Anatolian hypothesis, is that they originally lived in the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00151-00047853-00048252 area around modern-day Turkey and instead were an agricultural society.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00152-00048288-00048714 Either way, these original Indo-Europeans did spread into new areas bringing their
-NSS5eh4h8U-00153-00048714-00049096 culture and, most importantly for our purposes, their language with them.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00154-00049167-00049518 When we talk about reconstructing proto-languages like Proto-Indo-European
-NSS5eh4h8U-00155-00049520-00049866 or Proto-Germanic, it’s like doing genealogical research to find a
-NSS5eh4h8U-00156-00049866-00050231 long-lost ancestor, only without any actual physical evidence.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00157-00050270-00050619 Proto-languages existed in a time before writing was available, so no
-NSS5eh4h8U-00158-00050619-00050983 written record survives, but by looking at a number of “child” languages
-NSS5eh4h8U-00159-00050986-00051294 that we believe are related, we can make some good guesses as to what
-NSS5eh4h8U-00160-00051294-00051429 their parent must have been like.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00161-00051471-00051931 So English father corresponds to Latin pater, Greek patēr, and Sanskrit
-NSS5eh4h8U-00162-00051935-00052335 pitr, and we can therefore posit the Proto-Indo-European *pəter, [the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00163-00052335-00052664 asterisk written in front of it means it’s a hypothetical reconstructed form].
-NSS5eh4h8U-00164-00052720-00053045 Nor is it just a question of finding a number of similar sounding
-NSS5eh4h8U-00165-00053045-00053317 words with similar meanings in a number of different languages.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00166-00053355-00053713 After all, words can travel [or be snatched] directly from one language into
-NSS5eh4h8U-00167-00053713-00053907 another – so that’s not enough proof.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00168-00053931-00054268 Furthermore, words from different languages might be coincidentally similar.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00169-00054299-00054597 Therefore historical linguists look for regular systematic and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00170-00054597-00054969 predictable correspondences between sounds in those sets of similar words.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00171-00055014-00055408 So for instance, the Germanic f in English words such as father, foot,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00172-00055411-00055863 and fish corresponds predictably with p in other Indo-European languages,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00173-00055882-00056356 such as Latin pater, pes/pedis, and piscis [and also with Greek patēr,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00174-00056361-00056532 and pous/podos, for that matter].
-NSS5eh4h8U-00175-00056559-00056765 This is particularly noticeable in English.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00176-00056794-00057159 Originally a Germanic language, over time it borrowed many words from other
-NSS5eh4h8U-00177-00057159-00057520 Indo-European languages, such as from Latin because that was the language of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00178-00057520-00057834 the Church and of scholarship during the middle ages and renaissance, from
-NSS5eh4h8U-00179-00057835-00058268 French because of the Norman Conquest in 1066, and from Greek because it was
-NSS5eh4h8U-00180-00058269-00058631 often used as the language of scientific terminology after the rediscovery of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00181-00058631-00058783 the writings of the ancient Greeks.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00182-00058837-00059269 So English ended up with sets of related words— such as star and astrology,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00183-00059282-00059688 or fatherhood and paternity — which linguists call cognates, sort of like
-NSS5eh4h8U-00184-00059688-00060085 cousins [cognatus means ‘born together’ or ‘related by birth’ in Latin].
-NSS5eh4h8U-00185-00060107-00060522 And knowing this tells you that hemp comes from the same plant as cannabis,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00186-00060537-00060929 sends your hound to a kennel, or gets you doing your cardio exercise
-NSS5eh4h8U-00187-00060932-00061077 to improve the health of your heart.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00188-00061119-00061418 The last set of examples gives you another sound correspondence:
-NSS5eh4h8U-00189-00061449-00061739 Germanic h for Latin or Greek c or k.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00190-00061786-00062169 These particular correspondences between certain consonants in Germanic languages
-NSS5eh4h8U-00191-00062169-00062488 and other Indo-European languages, to follow yet another strand in the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00192-00062488-00062959 etymological web, is called Grimm’s Law, after Jacob Grimm [yes, that
-NSS5eh4h8U-00193-00062959-00063092 Jacob Grimm, of the Brothers Grimm].
-NSS5eh4h8U-00194-00063177-00063526 In addition to collecting folktales, Grimm was one of the early pioneers
-NSS5eh4h8U-00195-00063526-00063868 in the field of comparative philology, comparing different languages to work
-NSS5eh4h8U-00196-00063868-00064038 out which ones were related and how.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00197-00064083-00064396 Basically Grimm’s Law describes a sound change that happened to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00198-00064396-00064742 Proto-Indo-European consonants as they passed into Proto-Germanic.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00199-00064785-00065084 So the voiceless stops in Proto-Indo-European became voiceless
-NSS5eh4h8U-00200-00065142-00066011 fricatives in Proto-Germanic, that is, p, t, k, and kw became f, th, x, and xw [with
-NSS5eh4h8U-00201-00066065-00066370 x and xw eventually becoming h and hw].
-NSS5eh4h8U-00202-00066440-00066982 The voiced stops b, d, g, and gw lost their voicing [that is the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00203-00066982-00067321 vibration of the vocal chords] and filled the gap left by the voiceless
-NSS5eh4h8U-00204-00067322-00067593 stops becoming p, t, k, and kw.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00205-00067657-00068015 The voiced aspirated stops lost their aspiration [a little extra
-NSS5eh4h8U-00206-00068015-00068382 breath of air] and became those regular unaspirated voiced stops.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00207-00068484-00068857 The word philology, by the way, referring to ‘historical linguistics’ or more
-NSS5eh4h8U-00208-00068859-00069266 broadly ‘study of language in written texts’ literally means love of words,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00209-00069275-00069627 which I suppose you must have, as I do, if you’re interested in knowing
-NSS5eh4h8U-00210-00069627-00069770 how all these sound changes work!
-NSS5eh4h8U-00211-00069854-00070213 By the way, Grimm wasn’t exactly the first to come up with the idea.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00212-00070254-00070711 Friedrich Schlegel was the first to note the p-f correspondence, and Rasmus Rask
-NSS5eh4h8U-00213-00070711-00071105 suggested further sound correspondences, but since Grimm was the first to clearly
-NSS5eh4h8U-00214-00071105-00071539 explain the idea as a regular sound change [at least initially crediting Rask], we
-NSS5eh4h8U-00215-00071539-00071938 now generally refer to this as Grimm’s Law [though some people have suggested
-NSS5eh4h8U-00216-00071942-00072128 Rask’s Rule as an alternate name].
-NSS5eh4h8U-00217-00072201-00072455 However, it was really one of Grimm’s predecessors who
-NSS5eh4h8U-00218-00072455-00072763 kicked the whole thing off.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00219-00072788-00072907 In a way, we have trade monopolies and British imperialism to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00220-00072907-00072950 thank for his discovery.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00221-00072950-00073176 During the time of the great European empires, from the 17th through the 19th
-NSS5eh4h8U-00222-00073425-00073791 centuries, many countries set up what became known as East India Companies
-NSS5eh4h8U-00223-00073795-00073957 with trade monopolies in the east.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00224-00074023-00074404 Britain’s East India Company eventually came to have so much power and control
-NSS5eh4h8U-00225-00074404-00074762 in India that it became a kind of quasi-government, with its own currency,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00226-00074766-00074939 armed forces, and legal system.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00227-00075007-00075337 Eventually the British government decided it would be a good idea to take more of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00228-00075337-00075677 an active interest in the activities of the Company, and appointed a Governor
-NSS5eh4h8U-00229-00075678-00076144 General in Bengal, one Warren Hastings, who by the way was an admirer of our
-NSS5eh4h8U-00230-00076145-00076521 encyclopedist Denis Diderot and read his writings on the way to India.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00231-00076606-00076949 Hastings also became a big fan of India’s ancient culture and texts,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00232-00076960-00077267 and it became policy to run the administration and legal system in
-NSS5eh4h8U-00233-00077267-00077492 the area based on existing customs.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00234-00077538-00077852 Problem was, the ancient laws were written in the equally ancient
-NSS5eh4h8U-00235-00077852-00078226 language Sanskrit, so British judges had to rely on local knowledge,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00236-00078230-00078395 which they didn’t entirely trust.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00237-00078434-00078830 They were dependent on the interpretation of the pandits, scholars of Sanskrit
-NSS5eh4h8U-00238-00078857-00079184 — that’s where we get the word pundit, and fittingly too, given the potential
-NSS5eh4h8U-00239-00079184-00079524 for mistrust in both the original and contemporary senses of the word.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00240-00079594-00079969 It was into this situation that language genius William Jones arrived.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00241-00080009-00080453 Jones already had a reputation as a gifted philologist, with knowledge of dozens of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00242-00080453-00080838 languages, and after receiving a judicial appointment in Bengal he took up the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00243-00080838-00081259 study of Sanskrit in order to translate those legal codes, and in his spare time
-NSS5eh4h8U-00244-00081265-00081690 founded the Asiatic Society with Hastings to pursue serious linguistic studies.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00245-00081723-00081957 And though there were others who had noticed similarities between different
-NSS5eh4h8U-00246-00081957-00082380 languages and suggested relationships, Jones was the first to really formulate
-NSS5eh4h8U-00247-00082380-00082741 the idea of a proto-language from which many other languages descend,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00248-00082775-00082987 what we now call Proto-Indo-European.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00249-00083056-00083429 Jones’s interest in Indo-European comparative philology kicked off a whole
-NSS5eh4h8U-00250-00083431-00083909 cottage industry in comparative studies in Indo-European [and other] cultures, such
-NSS5eh4h8U-00251-00083909-00084318 as comparative mythology and folklore, which included Grimm’s other great work,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00252-00084325-00084677 the collection of folktales and fairytales he compiled with his brother Wilhelm.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00253-00084738-00085116 That same father example from before gives us a clue as to how this works.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00254-00085151-00085546 Many Indo-European cultures seem to have had sky-father gods, so we can
-NSS5eh4h8U-00255-00085546-00086006 posit Proto-Indo-European *Dyeu-Pəter as meaning literally ‘shining father’,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00256-00086019-00086199 which becomes Jupiter in Latin.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00257-00086222-00086761 *Dyeu also leads to Jove, another name for Jupiter; deus, the Latin word for ‘god’;
-NSS5eh4h8U-00258-00086781-00087320 the Greek god Zeus; and the Germanic god Tyr [in Old Norse] and Tiw [in Old
-NSS5eh4h8U-00259-00087320-00087552 English], who is the namesake of Tuesday.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00260-00087665-00088081 So we started by digging up the past to try to find the ancestral truth about
-NSS5eh4h8U-00261-00088081-00088256 language by looking at its fossils.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00262-00088298-00088601 What we found was that, like all living things, language
-NSS5eh4h8U-00263-00088601-00088777 evolves, changes over time.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00264-00088828-00089199 And so while we fill in the family portraits of our genealogy we also
-NSS5eh4h8U-00265-00089199-00089521 have the fun of looking forward to snapshots of the next generations of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00266-00089521-00089702 our ever-evolving English language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00267-00090034-00090511 So I want to say a little bit more about you know, all the stuff about Grimm's law
-NSS5eh4h8U-00268-00090514-00090751 and comparative linguistics and so forth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00269-00090801-00090818 Aven: Okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00270-00090818-00091189 And I will say some of that's a little hard to follow in the way, it was
-NSS5eh4h8U-00271-00091189-00091374 helpful in the video to have visuals.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00272-00091398-00091751 So if you found that a little hard to follow, do feel free to go watch
-NSS5eh4h8U-00273-00091751-00092142 the etymology video and see all those sounds and the sound changes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00274-00092142-00092192 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00275-00092221-00092911 Mark: So let me further explain or clarify, let's say some of these terms
-NSS5eh4h8U-00276-00092911-00093028 that I've been throwing around there.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00277-00093071-00093269 So I talk about stops.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00278-00093275-00094015 Stops are consonants, consonant sounds in which you completely stop the air
-NSS5eh4h8U-00279-00094015-00094252 flow and then suddenly release it again.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00280-00094307-00095003 And so that includes sounds like "t" and "d" and "p" and "k", right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00281-00095005-00095254 Where you have this kind of a little explosion of air.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00282-00095275-00095513 Voicing is all about.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00283-00095522-00095753 Vibrating the vocal chords.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00284-00095753-00096176 So some of these stops you can make without vibrating your vocal chords.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00285-00096176-00096497 So if you place your fingers just on your
-NSS5eh4h8U-00286-00096497-00096865 Aven: throat, he's given very good visuals here, just so you know,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00287-00096875-00097325 Mark: You, you should do it too, place your fingers on your throat and then
-NSS5eh4h8U-00288-00097328-00097599 make a sound like the P sound or T sound.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00289-00097617-00097735 [sounds of consonants]
-NSS5eh4h8U-00290-00097845-00098333 You feel no vibration in your vocal chords, but then if you make the B
-NSS5eh4h8U-00291-00098333-00098963 sound or D sound, bah, bah, duh, duh, you feel that little bit of vibration.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00292-00099035-00099290 So unvoiced and voiced right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00293-00099364-00099767 Fricatives are consonant sounds that are
-NSS5eh4h8U-00294-00099767-00099836 produced
-NSS5eh4h8U-00295-00099936-00100278 when you make well, literally friction with the air.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00296-00100302-00100751 So you partially block the air coming out of your mouth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00297-00100767-00101303 So that on its way out, it has to kind of brush past these small
-NSS5eh4h8U-00298-00101312-00101747 openings that you've left for it and makes a kind of noisy sound.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00299-00101780-00101830 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00300-00101846-00102292 So that includes, sounds like"fff" or the F sound right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00301-00102292-00102629 Or "thhhhhh" the Th sound.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00302-00102629-00102835 Aven: You're making great faces.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00303-00103099-00103512 Mark: And so both stops and fricatives can be voiced and unvoiced, so
-NSS5eh4h8U-00304-00103512-00103926 you've got voiced and unvoiced stomps voiced and unvoiced fricatives
-NSS5eh4h8U-00305-00103954-00104133 Aven: so "vvvv" or "fffff".
-NSS5eh4h8U-00306-00104148-00104289 Yeah, voiced unvoiced.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00307-00104292-00104334 Yeah. So
-NSS5eh4h8U-00308-00104334-00104751 Mark: you, you make the, the V sound and the F sound, the exact, your mouth
-NSS5eh4h8U-00309-00104754-00105141 is in the exact same position with your teeth pressed against your lip.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00310-00105166-00105545 And you push air through that partially constricted passage.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00311-00105569-00105887 And depending on whether or not you also vibrate your vocal
-NSS5eh4h8U-00312-00105887-00106258 chords at the same time, decides whether it's voiced or unvoiced.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00313-00106287-00106695 And then the aspiration that, as I said, is this little puff of air.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00314-00106773-00107432 And in fact, in English, I mean, we have, we do have these  variations on stops.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00315-00107432-00107829 We have aspirated stops and unaspirated stops, but they never make the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00316-00107829-00108000 distinction between one word and another.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00317-00108026-00108041 Aven: Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00318-00108041-00108275 I was just going to say, aspiration is one of the ones that's hardest
-NSS5eh4h8U-00319-00108275-00108720 for English speakers to really hear or distinguish because it doesn't
-NSS5eh4h8U-00320-00108720-00108897 make a semantic difference or yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00321-00108932-00109154 It's automatic it's never the minimal pair.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00322-00109160-00109178 It's
-NSS5eh4h8U-00323-00109178-00109439 Mark: never the thing that distinction, you can't make a minimal pair, but
-NSS5eh4h8U-00324-00109442-00109646 you can get the feeling for it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00325-00109682-00109736 If you.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00326-00109767-00109818 Hold.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00327-00109824-00110028 And so again, I'm describing what I'm doing here.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00328-00110028-00110445 I'm going to hold my, my hand in front of my mouth, fairly close to it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00329-00110468-00110729 It's going to block the microphone a little bit, but, and then
-NSS5eh4h8U-00330-00110729-00110972 you say the word pit and spit
-NSS5eh4h8U-00331-00111001-00111151 Aven: pit , spit.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00332-00111178-00111415 Mark: You'll notice when you make, when you say pit.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00333-00111439-00111721 There's more air coming through and you feel the air.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00334-00111724-00112078 Whereas when you say spit, you don't really feel that little puff of air.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00335-00112135-00112698 So the rule in English is that if the stop is the initial
-NSS5eh4h8U-00336-00112698-00112989 sound, then it gets aspirated.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00337-00113037-00113517 But if it's in a consonant cluster, For instance with an S coming before
-NSS5eh4h8U-00338-00113529-00113882 constant cluster, which it's not the first sound, I guess , so if you've
-NSS5eh4h8U-00339-00113882-00114226 got a consonant cluster in which there is a sound that comes before the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00340-00114226-00114532 stop, then it's not aspirated, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00341-00114547-00114715 Like Aven: spit, but in other words, yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00342-00114738-00115074 It would English doesn't have is one word Pitt and another word.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00343-00115116-00115458 I can't even do it because I'm not, it's not important in English, so I
-NSS5eh4h8U-00344-00115458-00115971 don't know how to do it, but Pitt, but you know, that doesn't have an
-NSS5eh4h8U-00345-00115971-00116271 aspiration where one means something.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00346-00116271-00116619 And the other means something else, unlike, There are many languages where,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00347-00116619-00117037 whether it's an aspirated D or an unaspirated D or what, how much, can
-NSS5eh4h8U-00348-00117040-00117195 distinguish between two different words.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00349-00117199-00117307 that are otherwise homonyms.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00350-00117340-00117448 And that can be very hard.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00351-00117456-00117676 This one of these things that it's hard for English speakers to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00352-00117676-00117972 hear the difference, I'm  thinking of Tamil specifically, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00353-00117981-00118380 Because this is like your, dad's the name for your dad in Tamil, name for
-NSS5eh4h8U-00354-00118380-00118684 grandfather in Tamil, thatha, I don't say
-NSS5eh4h8U-00355-00118684-00118734 Mark: right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00356-00118777-00118858 It's supposed to be an
-NSS5eh4h8U-00357-00118885-00119077 Aven: aspirated or semi.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00358-00119077-00119542 Like there was like three or four D, D and T H sounds or D and T
-NSS5eh4h8U-00359-00119542-00119761 sounds in several Indian languages.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00360-00119761-00120037 I remember in Sanskrit, there were a number when I was looking
-NSS5eh4h8U-00361-00120037-00120163 at it and like, I can't do it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00362-00120169-00120386 I can't I can understand the logistics of it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00363-00120386-00120751 I can, I can go through the mechanics of it, but I can't pronounce or hear it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00364-00120815-00121064 Mark: But for English speakers, you do make a difference.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00365-00121067-00121472 You can find minimal pairs with voiced and unvoiced so like
-NSS5eh4h8U-00366-00121484-00121852 pear and bear or bit and pit
-NSS5eh4h8U-00367-00121891-00122422 and  in old English, it was only partially a distinction between.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00368-00122433-00122556 V and F.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00369-00122558-00122932 So in fact, the writing system didn't have V  it was always
-NSS5eh4h8U-00370-00122932-00123421 spelled with F and you'd know how to pronounce it based on the phonetic.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00371-00123442-00123585 Aven: What other, what else was around it?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00372-00123586-00123624 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00373-00123624-00123690 Mark: Context.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00374-00123694-00124102 and that gets sort of fossilized into modern English with
-NSS5eh4h8U-00375-00124120-00124366 words like Wolf and wolves.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00376-00124390-00124528 So we spell it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00377-00124528-00125032 we now spell that as you know, with an F or a V, but in old English, you
-NSS5eh4h8U-00378-00125032-00125389 would always use the F and you'd know which way to pronounce it, depending
-NSS5eh4h8U-00379-00125389-00125539 on whether it was singular or plural.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00380-00125604-00125907 Aven: And also the, the one that always, I think, works really well
-NSS5eh4h8U-00381-00125907-00126075 to show that it's Fox and Vixen.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00382-00126111-00126161 Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00383-00126170-00126596 Cause we don't think of those as being similar words because the F and the V are
-NSS5eh4h8U-00384-00126599-00126793 distinctive enough now to us to matter.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00385-00126806-00127287 But it's the same word Fox and vixen, it's just because one of them is an unstressed
-NSS5eh4h8U-00386-00127287-00127398 and one is stressed or whatever.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00387-00127445-00127627 I don't know what it is that makes the difference between why
-NSS5eh4h8U-00388-00127627-00127757 one is voiced and one's unvoiced,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00389-00127757-00128255 Mark: And the other the other good example of that is off and of, right, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00390-00128291-00128591 We spell it with one F, but we pronounce it like it's a V
-NSS5eh4h8U-00391-00128648-00128698 Aven: yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00392-00128702-00129038 That's all of course leads back to the spelling question of like,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00393-00129047-00129317 why does English spelling not match English, pronunciation?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00394-00129326-00129587 It's things like this that tend to cause that yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00395-00129616-00130025 Mark: So these are these kinds of distinctions, we can use to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00396-00130025-00130516 classify groups of consonants into these different groups.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00397-00130547-00131171 And what Grimm's law describes is a kind of a shift in, in which one whole
-NSS5eh4h8U-00398-00131171-00131508 group gets shifted to another position.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00399-00131553-00131694 Aven: So you should talk about positions.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00400-00131736-00132159 So what, when you talked about stops, you gave a whole bunch of lists of examples of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00401-00132159-00132430 stops and the thing, they were all stops.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00402-00132432-00132543 So what distinguished them?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00403-00132567-00132909 what distinguished them was what part of your mouth you were using to stop the air.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00404-00132927-00132975 Mark: Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00405-00132975-00133323 So within each group, there are several different positions where
-NSS5eh4h8U-00406-00133323-00133452 you put your mouth parts, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00407-00133452-00133656 So P is putting two lips together.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00408-00133694-00133976 T is putting your tongue just behind your teeth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00409-00133985-00134084 So what happened?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00410-00134084-00134510 What Grimm's law does is it explains a sound change in which
-NSS5eh4h8U-00411-00134516-00135146 a whole set of consonant sounds shifts as kind of as a group to a
-NSS5eh4h8U-00412-00135146-00135436 different manner of articulation.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00413-00135460-00136030 So the stops, the unvoiced stops, those stops become fricatives.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00414-00136033-00136381 You keep the same place of articulation, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00415-00136384-00136916 So the T and T H sound you're, you're still making those sounds
-NSS5eh4h8U-00416-00136916-00137243 this basically the same way with your tongue near the teeth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00417-00137280-00137655 But you're changing the manner of articulation from a stop.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00418-00137679-00137752 To Aven: a fricative.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00419-00137754-00138000 So like you're opening your mouth a little bit more so that the air
-NSS5eh4h8U-00420-00138000-00138118 goes through rather than stop.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00421-00138118-00138705 So, "t", "th", yeah, "th" is a really hard one to pronounce on a
-NSS5eh4h8U-00422-00138705-00138882 podcast , you can't extend a "th".
-NSS5eh4h8U-00423-00138951-00139035 It just didn't work.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00424-00139063-00139589 Mark: And so what we don't know though about this whole sort of shifting
-NSS5eh4h8U-00425-00139589-00140113 of groups from kind of one manner of articulation to another is whether
-NSS5eh4h8U-00426-00140116-00140416 it's a pull chain or a push chain.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00427-00140458-00140965 In other words, did one group of sounds sort of vacate a slot basically.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00428-00140998-00141550 And so a bunch of other sounds then rushed in to take up that slot or do
-NSS5eh4h8U-00429-00141550-00142042 you have a situation in which one set of sounds moves to another slot pushing
-NSS5eh4h8U-00430-00142042-00142192 out the ones that were already there.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00431-00142192-00142357 So they have to become something else.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00432-00142399-00142705 And we don't know if it's a pull chain or there's no way to reconstruct that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00433-00142705-00142752 Really
-NSS5eh4h8U-00434-00142752-00143111 Aven: what we see is it's very hard to see the sort of middle moment, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00435-00143144-00143194 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00436-00143205-00143413 Mark: Well, especially when you're talking about a sound change
-NSS5eh4h8U-00437-00143415-00143550 that happens before, right before
-NSS5eh4h8U-00438-00143550-00143802 Aven: writing . No, the ones that we have writing for
-NSS5eh4h8U-00439-00143802-00144008 without a fixed spelling system.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00440-00144023-00144363 Because for instance, it's much harder to track it in writing now.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00441-00144385-00144696 If you talk about like I don't know, a London accent turning on, you know,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00442-00144725-00145090 TH's into F  people don't write that down, or very, very rarely do you
-NSS5eh4h8U-00443-00145090-00145258 actually write down what it looks like?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00444-00145265-00145296 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00445-00145296-00145493 I mean, now we can record sounds and everything, but you know,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00446-00145493-00145817 things, even after writing, in other words, it becomes hard to trace.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00447-00145817-00145896 Some of them can
-NSS5eh4h8U-00448-00145907-00146268 Mark: Spelling can be a useful indication, especially before standardized
-NSS5eh4h8U-00449-00146268-00146388 Aven: That's what I was just saying though.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00450-00146422-00146472 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00451-00146491-00146788 That, that period of time when there's not standardized spelling, it's great.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00452-00146860-00147271 But then once you get standardized spelling, it stops being very useful for
-NSS5eh4h8U-00453-00147271-00147691 tracking those changes anymore because we just changed the way we say it, but
-NSS5eh4h8U-00454-00147691-00147805 we don't change the way to spell it
-NSS5eh4h8U-00455-00147831-00148162 Mark: though surprisingly, a sound change that happened at a time when you think
-NSS5eh4h8U-00456-00148162-00148526 it would be easy to track, the great vowel shift, we don't know if that's
-NSS5eh4h8U-00457-00148526-00148658 a pull chain or push chain either.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00458-00148700-00148825 It's the same situation.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00459-00148900-00148918 Well,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00460-00148918-00149191 Aven: the problem is we were standardizing spellings right around that
-NSS5eh4h8U-00461-00149338-00149601 Mark: we can see it happening in the spelling, but it's tricky.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00462-00149604-00149901 It's, it's hard to know exactly why it happens.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00463-00149904-00149950 Yeah. Aven: Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00464-00149950-00150313 The thing also that I want to stress and maybe you were going to stress this too.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00465-00150313-00150634 But when you're talking about these laws, like Grimm's law, whatever,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00466-00150645-00151079 it's not just that every P becomes an F it's not every single.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00467-00151085-00151298 Stop becomes a fricative or something like that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00468-00151298-00151348 Right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00469-00151349-00151775 the point is that for instance, initial stops become, so it
-NSS5eh4h8U-00470-00151795-00151931 has to do with the context.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00471-00151931-00152264 It's not that that sound in every single place in one language turns
-NSS5eh4h8U-00472-00152264-00152504 into a different sound in every single place in another language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00473-00152526-00152799 I suppose that can happen theoretically could happen, but
-NSS5eh4h8U-00474-00152808-00152949 these laws are really describing.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00475-00152949-00153129 It's more, it's more specific
-NSS5eh4h8U-00476-00153129-00153181 Mark: than that, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00477-00153181-00153380 So it can be context dependent.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00478-00153386-00153945 And so that leads leads me to my next point, which is that there are
-NSS5eh4h8U-00479-00153945-00154377 exceptions, right, where you would expect Grimm's law to make a certain
-NSS5eh4h8U-00480-00154377-00154551 consonant change a certain way.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00481-00154577-00154685 and yet it doesn't happen.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00482-00154694-00154874 Or doesn't have that change
-NSS5eh4h8U-00483-00154961-00155084 Aven: until you kind of look there?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00484-00155087-00155349 There are, there are exceptions, but there are rules to explain it, rules
-NSS5eh4h8U-00485-00155349-00155482 Mark: in terms of the context.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00486-00155515-00156021 So let's go back to the example of the word father we would expect from
-NSS5eh4h8U-00487-00156021-00156775 the proto Indo European  *pəter  to get the Old English form *fæþer . With
-NSS5eh4h8U-00488-00156775-00156954 a T H sound in the middle, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00489-00156968-00157412 , so the P becomes an F, as we saw , an initial P becomes an
-NSS5eh4h8U-00490-00157412-00157997 initial F and the T in the middle should become a fricative as well.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00491-00157997-00158138 It should become a th sound.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00492-00158151-00158547 But in Old English, it's spelled fæder with a D.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00493-00158623-00158809 So that seems to break the rule.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00494-00158826-00159387 Now of course you may be thinking, but it does eventually become a th and it does.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00495-00159387-00159635 That is true, but it does that later.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00496-00159677-00160175 And that is in accord with a later sound shift that happens
-NSS5eh4h8U-00497-00160175-00160319 that we can see in other words.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00498-00160347-00160812 so basically the rule is and this is a sound change that happens around 1400.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00499-00160815-00161409 What you see is that medial, T H, when it's in the middle of a word between
-NSS5eh4h8U-00500-00161409-00162027 two vowels we see this change of post vocalic, so after a vowel the D
-NSS5eh4h8U-00501-00162027-00162401 becomes a Th sound , a voiced th sound.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00502-00162407-00162554 Right, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00503-00162620-00163238 If it comes before syllabic R or "er", the "err" sound like the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00504-00163238-00163529 Aven: ER and that sort of Schwa or with an R.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00505-00163541-00163591 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00506-00163672-00163969 Mark: And so we can see that regular sound change in words
-NSS5eh4h8U-00507-00163969-00164182 like mother Old English, moder.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00508-00164193-00164827 Modern English mother or hither from hider, the D to hither or
-NSS5eh4h8U-00509-00164827-00164986 another example would be weather.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00510-00165015-00165366 that used to be a D becomes a th so that's a regular Sam change that
-NSS5eh4h8U-00511-00165366-00165460 we can see in a bunch of words.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00512-00165495-00165699 When you get that And that's what happened to father.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00513-00165702-00165992 And that's why it doesn't happen until 1400.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00514-00166014-00166064 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00515-00166070-00166184 Aven: But why didn't it?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00516-00166208-00166349 Why didn't it turn initially?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00517-00166406-00166727 Mark: Why didn't it initially become father?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00518-00166735-00167142 Well, that is because And this isn't a random thing,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00519-00167148-00167264 Aven: that's the point, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00520-00167264-00167618 Random changes by, I mean, obviously a very occasionally random changes are
-NSS5eh4h8U-00521-00167618-00168047 going to happen, but random changes tell us that we're not getting it right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00522-00168071-00168359 We haven't, we haven't figured out the pattern and we haven't
-NSS5eh4h8U-00523-00168359-00168515 figured out the etymology correctly.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00524-00168539-00168797 There's another stage or this word isn't really from the thing
-NSS5eh4h8U-00525-00168797-00168998 we think is from, if it's random.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00526-00169060-00169129 It's not right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00527-00169186-00169671 Mark: So it it comes down to or it came down to a Danish philologist named Karl
-NSS5eh4h8U-00528-00169673-00169979 Verner to spot the regular pattern here.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00529-00170019-00170355 And it basically has to do with stress patterns in proto Indo European.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00530-00170373-00171093 So If that voiceless stop was at the start of the first syllable of a word,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00531-00171107-00171719 or if it was immediately preceded by the stressed syllable of a word, it
-NSS5eh4h8U-00532-00171719-00171884 followed Grimm's law, as you would expect.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00533-00171900-00172571 But if the syllable before that voiceless stop sound was unstressed
-NSS5eh4h8U-00534-00172580-00173025 in proto Indo European,  the stop instead just becomes voiced.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00535-00173075-00173188 Doesn't become a fricative.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00536-00173188-00173319 Aven: So, 't' to 'd'.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00537-00173346-00173396 Mark: Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00538-00173407-00173868 And so *pəter  the first syllable was unstressed and that stress
-NSS5eh4h8U-00539-00173868-00174024 falls on the second syllable there.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00540-00174069-00174673 And what happens that sort of goes along with this is in all of the Germanic
-NSS5eh4h8U-00541-00174679-00175096 vocabulary the stress pattern shifts to always having the stress on the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00542-00175096-00175291 first syllable in polysyllabic words
-NSS5eh4h8U-00543-00175291-00175435 Aven: But that's a later process.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00544-00175438-00175488 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00545-00175502-00176042 So *pəter  gives us  "faDER" at some point, which is why at some point there
-NSS5eh4h8U-00546-00176042-00176359 must've been an intermediate stage is what you're saying, where it was "faDer".
-NSS5eh4h8U-00547-00176417-00176871 And that's why it stayed a D rather than, it goes from a T to a D rather than T to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00548-00176871-00177309 a th but then the whole , the language of the whole stress pattern switches.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00549-00177309-00177520 Mark: So you can no longer see that stress pattern.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00550-00177522-00177667 Aven: So now it's fæder.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00551-00177672-00177722 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00552-00177729-00177993 But the D is still there because that stress change
-NSS5eh4h8U-00553-00177993-00178176 doesn't change the consonant.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00554-00178211-00178581 And then later there's a consonantal shift where you get the D's turning
-NSS5eh4h8U-00555-00178581-00178833 into TH's in certain contexts.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00556-00178836-00178886 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00557-00178899-00179328 So even though it ends up looking the same as if it had gone
-NSS5eh4h8U-00558-00179328-00179611 straight from PA-ter to father.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00559-00179625-00179811 Yeah, it doesn't because it wasn't that,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00560-00179852-00180185 Mark: and this is one of the difficulties with working through all these
-NSS5eh4h8U-00561-00180185-00180725 sound changes, is they all happen chronologically in a certain order, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00562-00180747-00181002 A certain sound change happens at a certain time.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00563-00181029-00181431 And that could be either earlier or later relative to another sound change.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00564-00181433-00181670 And so you have to apply the sound changes in the right order
-NSS5eh4h8U-00565-00181670-00181824 to get the right form at the end.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00566-00181824-00181874 Aven: Finally.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00567-00181876-00181926 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00568-00181941-00182393 And also to tell you what's similar to another language at any stage, or
-NSS5eh4h8U-00569-00182447-00182768 whether it was borrowed in at the stage or at that stage and things like that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00570-00182768-00182818 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00571-00182819-00183298 Mark: And I remember as a graduate student having to learn this relative order.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00572-00183303-00183625 You know, we were applying the various sound changes to work our way
-NSS5eh4h8U-00573-00183627-00183876 from proto Germanic to old English.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00574-00183911-00184342 And so for instance, with  the A sound various changes happen to that
-NSS5eh4h8U-00575-00184344-00184608 proto Germanic A sound like fronting.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00576-00184608-00185114 It becomes an AH sound and breaking, it becomes an Ah-Uh sound, but also there was
-NSS5eh4h8U-00577-00185114-00185622 the restoration of the AH sound if there was a back vowel in the next syllable.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00578-00185637-00185982 And so you had to know what order all these sound changes happen in
-NSS5eh4h8U-00579-00185982-00186441 to produce the right, final form to show how it changed from, the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00580-00186441-00186634 proto language to the later form.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00581-00186654-00187017 Aven: And the key here is you learned that as a grad student, because it had
-NSS5eh4h8U-00582-00187017-00187455 all been worked out yes, scientific etymology or the development of this
-NSS5eh4h8U-00583-00187455-00187689 kind of etymology worked the other way.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00584-00187731-00188333 It worked from a modern word or from later example of you know, recorded word back.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00585-00188339-00188717 but the whole point of all these laws is if you try to do this with only one word,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00586-00188728-00189168 there is no, like, that isn't evidence that doesn't have to show set systematic.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00587-00189196-00189574 Bunches of words and what they do and you say, okay, well, these words went back.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00588-00189574-00189982 And so you take it as far back as you can with written sources and then
-NSS5eh4h8U-00589-00189982-00190264 you have to do the thing that's where the comparative philology comes in.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00590-00190264-00190298 Right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00591-00190298-00190629 Mark: Yeah. So what you do is you look for a pattern.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00592-00190650-00190872 And it's like you know, the scientific method, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00593-00190872-00191223 You come up with a hypothesis that says, well, this sound should
-NSS5eh4h8U-00594-00191223-00191512 become this sound in these contexts.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00595-00191512-00191719 And in these orders and so forth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00596-00191752-00192101 And then you say, okay, well let me try and reproduce that with
-NSS5eh4h8U-00597-00192101-00192296 another word, with that same sound.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00598-00192296-00192623 And if it produces the right form, then you can say, Oh,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00599-00192626-00192713 okay, that's more evidence
-NSS5eh4h8U-00600-00192774-00192883 Aven: when you say right form.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00601-00192898-00193006 How are you checking that?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00602-00193033-00193165 Mark: The right final form?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00603-00193195-00193279 Aven: How are you checking that?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00604-00193287-00193518 Mark: so what you're doing is you're comparing two
-NSS5eh4h8U-00605-00193518-00193713 languages that have a presumed.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00606-00193769-00193839 Common ancestor.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00607-00193841-00193876 Well, that's
-NSS5eh4h8U-00608-00193876-00194429 So you're looking at two words that are attested in a later language
-NSS5eh4h8U-00609-00194463-00194733 Well, actually it's not, you don't just work with two, you try and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00610-00194733-00195026 collect a whole bunch of words, follow a similar sound, pattern,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00611-00195026-00195214 that follow a similar sound pattern.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00612-00195215-00195224 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00613-00195224-00195514 In fact, you look for a whole bunch of different languages
-NSS5eh4h8U-00614-00195514-00195706 that all come from the same,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00615-00195727-00195856 Aven: but you're trying to figure this out.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00616-00195856-00196015 You don't know about the proto language yet.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00617-00196035-00196134 Mark: No that you suspect,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00618-00196151-00196397 or you get a bunch of languages that you say, Oh, these are kind of similar.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00619-00196397-00196424 Okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00620-00196424-00196763 Let's see if we can find a pattern, a regular pattern.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00621-00196790-00197249 And then you, you look at what bits are common between several of them.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00622-00197271-00197708 And say, well, three of these languages have the same thing
-NSS5eh4h8U-00623-00197708-00198086 in this context, this one has something different in this context.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00624-00198110-00198510 So we can go with the hypothesis that the one that the three languages
-NSS5eh4h8U-00625-00198510-00199007 have is the earlier form the more original form and something happened
-NSS5eh4h8U-00626-00199007-00199191 to that fourth one that fourth
-NSS5eh4h8U-00627-00199191-00199482 Aven: language, then you see if that plays out in other words
-NSS5eh4h8U-00628-00199482-00199764 Mark: you come up with a hypothesis and you try it out and you try it out
-NSS5eh4h8U-00629-00199764-00199917 and you try it out and you try it out.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00630-00199947-00200003 Yes. This is why
-NSS5eh4h8U-00631-00200003-00200252 Aven: this was done in the 19th century, by people with a lot of money
-NSS5eh4h8U-00632-00200252-00200690 and nothing else to do, because it's a very, I mean, obviously now you can
-NSS5eh4h8U-00633-00200690-00201098 use computers and things, but it's a long laborious process, even so, and.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00634-00201163-00201547 It's kind of amazing to think of how much work it took to figure this
-NSS5eh4h8U-00635-00201547-00201754 stuff out in a time before computers
-NSS5eh4h8U-00636-00201852-00202230 Mark: what is a refinement of Grimm's law or this exception to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00637-00202230-00202615 Grimm's law becomes known as Verner's law because he figured it out.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00638-00202633-00203168 So all of this, you know, I'm arguing in favor of, of looking at language as
-NSS5eh4h8U-00639-00203177-00203783 a kind of family structure where you got, as I said, parents and daughters
-NSS5eh4h8U-00640-00203783-00204299 and cousins and so forth or the other way is if you look at the actual video,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00641-00204299-00204776 you see how I visually represent all of these things as a kind of tree diagram
-NSS5eh4h8U-00642-00204809-00204986 with things branching off, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00643-00204986-00205313 So there's this tree metaphor it's called the tree model
-NSS5eh4h8U-00644-00205313-00205454 in fact, in, in linguistics.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00645-00205462-00206054 And so this is, kind of the central model that historical linguistics has
-NSS5eh4h8U-00646-00206054-00206327 used for well ever since William Jones.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00647-00206367-00206611 But there are some problems.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00648-00206622-00207045 if we look really closely at this, there's some problems with this
-NSS5eh4h8U-00649-00207045-00207273 metaphor that can lead us astray.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00650-00207295-00207771 So it was 19th century linguist August Schleicher who was the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00651-00207771-00208205 first to actually propose the tree model in that particular metaphor.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00652-00208245-00208699 And, and the idea of thinking of language as sort of evolutionary, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00653-00208722-00209271 And he claimed to have come to his ideas about the evolution of languages after he,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00654-00209271-00209735 heard of Darwin's ideas, but whether or not he was influenced by Darwin or not.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00655-00209756-00210165 He certainly begins to arrange languages in these genealogical
-NSS5eh4h8U-00656-00210175-00210855 trees inspired by the, the Darwinian phylogenic trees to show that
-NSS5eh4h8U-00657-00210858-00211135 same kind of evolutionary process.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00658-00211146-00211446 And the, the important thing to notice about this, think of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00659-00211446-00211878 it in, in this evolutionary way is you get divergences, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00660-00211884-00212010 That's all you get, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00661-00212034-00212232 One thing can split into two, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00662-00212232-00212514 And then can split into more and split into more.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00663-00212517-00212538 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00664-00212538-00212766 That's the only action that is available to you.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00665-00212787-00213060 If you're thinking in terms of this tree model, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00666-00213081-00213697 So Schleicher by the way, was also the first to attempt to use this
-NSS5eh4h8U-00667-00213697-00214328 evolutionary idea of language, to kind of roll back the clock and reconstruct
-NSS5eh4h8U-00668-00214331-00214601 a text in proto Indo European.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00669-00214677-00214899 And this is known as Schleicher's fable.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00670-00214923-00214962 Aven: Oh yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00671-00214962-00215046 I've heard about this.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00672-00215049-00215388 That uses sort of the basic words the ones that he could most
-NSS5eh4h8U-00673-00215388-00215877 securely sort of reconstruct what he thought objects and basic verbs
-NSS5eh4h8U-00674-00215952-00216063 Mark: and it's, it's fairly short.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00675-00216063-00216129 I'll read it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00676-00216135-00216306 I can read out a translation of it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00677-00216306-00216810 I'm not going to attempt to pronounce either his reconstruction of the phonology
-NSS5eh4h8U-00678-00216810-00217423 or later cause I'm not, I'm not an expert in, in proto, indo European per se, but
-NSS5eh4h8U-00679-00217474-00217681 it's called the sheep and the horses.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00680-00217681-00217876 So this is an English translation.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00681-00217897-00218384 Not all of these words are necessarily the descendant words
-NSS5eh4h8U-00682-00218390-00218795 of the proto Indo European words, because they shift in meaning often.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00683-00218795-00218998 Aven: So you can, yeah, we can probably come back to that, that
-NSS5eh4h8U-00684-00218998-00219199 question of semantics too, but yeah,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00685-00219233-00219623 Mark: So a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling
-NSS5eh4h8U-00686-00219623-00220103 a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load and one carrying a man quickly.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00687-00220133-00220670 The sheep said to the horses, my heart pains me seeing a man driving horses.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00688-00220709-00221222 The horses said, listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a
-NSS5eh4h8U-00689-00221222-00221762 man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00690-00221788-00221965 And the sheep has no wool.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00691-00221986-00222271 Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00692-00222335-00222455 It's a nice little story.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00693-00222455-00222843 It's a nice little, you know so he, he does a good job of constructing
-NSS5eh4h8U-00694-00222843-00223179 an actual story, an actual story that has a message and all of that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00695-00223212-00223643 So it could be this little, you know aphorism or, or what's the word?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00696-00223673-00223769 Fable, fable.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00697-00223771-00223821 Fable.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00698-00223829-00223879 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00699-00223910-00224248 Aven: So the idea there is, those are words that appear in enough
-NSS5eh4h8U-00700-00224251-00224759 languages in stable enough forms that you can definitely, or as
-NSS5eh4h8U-00701-00224759-00224912 close to definitely as possible.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00702-00224934-00225197 and that's of course, part of what, when people start talking about the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00703-00225197-00225673 Indo Europeans as a culture, they make suppositions based on what words can be
-NSS5eh4h8U-00704-00225673-00226147 traced back to them to say things like they had horses and sheep and wagons,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00705-00226159-00226592 those are all specific cultural markers that are not true of every single culture.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00706-00226592-00226796 So that gives you indications about their culture.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00707-00226830-00227268 Mark: So for instance, the word for sheep is *awis, in his reconstructed
-NSS5eh4h8U-00708-00227273-00227786 form of it was *awis but of course, people have refined the phonetics of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00709-00227789-00227995 proto Indo European  since then so
-NSS5eh4h8U-00710-00228008-00228407 But they're all basically that kind of sound, which is, you know, clearly
-NSS5eh4h8U-00711-00228407-00228629 recognizable in Latin anyways.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00712-00228641-00228942 It's not the same word in English, but yeah, ovis.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00713-00228980-00229331 so that's the other thing that,  Schleicher is known for.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00714-00229367-00229619 Now, as I say, it turns out that this,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00715-00229641-00230064 Now it turns out that this tree model doesn't tell the whole story of language
-NSS5eh4h8U-00716-00230067-00230556 development as it doesn't account for things like lateral transmission due to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00717-00230556-00231027 borrowing from one language to another, or any other kind of language contact.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00718-00231061-00231589 And the fact that languages don't always develop from single isolated
-NSS5eh4h8U-00719-00231589-00232039 dialects, but from a range of dialects president at the same time, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00720-00232039-00232282 It's not one parent, one child.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00721-00232313-00232826 You can have in a sense, a whole bunch of dialects that then lead to a whole bunch
-NSS5eh4h8U-00722-00232826-00233093 of dialects in very complicated ways.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00723-00233158-00233332 Aven: So you need incestuous branches.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00724-00233335-00233385 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00725-00233428-00233455 So
-NSS5eh4h8U-00726-00233455-00233839 Mark: this is, this is the flaw with thinking of it as a tree, because it
-NSS5eh4h8U-00727-00233839-00234176 doesn't allow for this kind of complexity.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00728-00234176-00234515 So, languages aren't  , distinct abstractions, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00729-00234536-00235048 when we say the English language what we mean is, a whole bunch
-NSS5eh4h8U-00730-00235048-00235439 of speech communities that use a fairly similar language
-NSS5eh4h8U-00731-00235481-00235729 Aven: can communicate with one another, with one another.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00732-00235761-00235981 And conceive of themselves as having the same language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00733-00235984-00236034 Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00734-00236044-00236422 Mark: So we have to think more in terms of speech, communities of numerous people
-NSS5eh4h8U-00735-00236427-00236964 who have cohesion for various, you know, social or political or whatever reasons.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00736-00237011-00237263 But are nevertheless individual people.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00737-00237297-00238046 And sometimes languages diverge into distinct dialects divided by geography.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00738-00238088-00238571 So you have one group that splits off and one group maybe settles
-NSS5eh4h8U-00739-00238571-00238727 on or stays where they were in.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00740-00238727-00239012 The other group goes over a difficult mountain and settles over there.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00741-00239012-00239279 And so they're, divided geographically or they sail to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00742-00239279-00239390 an Island or something like that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00743-00239402-00239416 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00744-00239416-00239629 So that they're, they're isolated from each other.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00745-00239702-00239885 And then they're, they therefore diverge.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00746-00239894-00239939 Okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00747-00239939-00240077 That sometimes happens.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00748-00240119-00240368 But often that is not the case.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00749-00240368-00240413 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00750-00240413-00240782 They are still geographically within reach of each other and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00751-00240782-00240968 still have contact with each other.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00752-00240971-00240998 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00753-00240998-00241499 So while they do diverge, they still, can share things back and forth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00754-00241538-00242194 And so now linguists tend to talk in terms of dialect continuums so that, you
-NSS5eh4h8U-00755-00242194-00242815 know, one group that's relatively close geographically to a neighboring group may
-NSS5eh4h8U-00756-00242815-00243115 be mutually intelligible to each other.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00757-00243151-00243571 But if you go several groups down, I mean, each one will, will
-NSS5eh4h8U-00758-00243571-00243880 maybe be able to communicate with the one that's closest to them.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00759-00243904-00244231 But if you look at the two furthest away ones, they may have difficulty.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00760-00244258-00244483 So it's, it's a lot more complicated.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00761-00244504-00245003 All, a lot of this is obscured now, these kinds of things are obscured now because
-NSS5eh4h8U-00762-00245031-00245413 we have first of all, more rigid borders.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00763-00245426-00245725 And we also have communication that, you know,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00764-00245759-00245899 Aven: transcends geography.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00765-00245899-00246302 Well and we have, and we have art artificial things like national
-NSS5eh4h8U-00766-00246302-00246722 language policies and religious choices that make people choose particular
-NSS5eh4h8U-00767-00246722-00246941 languages over other languages, you know, like a whole bunch of things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00768-00246956-00247372 A lot of different factors go into what languages people speak and how they
-NSS5eh4h8U-00769-00247372-00247663 work to maintain or change or whatever.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00770-00247666-00247709 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00771-00247709-00248075 Mark: Furthermore, divergence and descent is not the only way that
-NSS5eh4h8U-00772-00248075-00248294 linguistic features can be transmitted.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00773-00248294-00248576 So as we said, there could be borrowing for instance.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00774-00248620-00249017 And so the other thing that we often talk about you know, we refer to it
-NSS5eh4h8U-00775-00249017-00249271 with this, this German word Sprachbund
-NSS5eh4h8U-00776-00249317-00249367 . Aven: Do we?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00777-00249392-00249563 Well, some people do, some people do
-NSS5eh4h8U-00778-00249613-00250042 . Mark: which are linguistic regions that can have an areal feature that's
-NSS5eh4h8U-00779-00250080-00250443 areal as the adjective version of area.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00780-00250499-00250549 Okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00781-00250550-00250799 That's the word that linguists use, areal features
-NSS5eh4h8U-00782-00250828-00251084 Aven: see who put a linguist in charge of making up words?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00783-00251087-00251222 Cause that was a big mistake.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00784-00251402-00251711 Mark: These are features that can be shared by a number of different languages,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00785-00251714-00251879 including ones that aren't even related.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00786-00251882-00252197 So you could have two languages that are, that don't come from the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00787-00252197-00252602 same language family, but they're in the same geographical region.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00788-00252629-00253140 And so certain linguistic innovations like a new word can spread around in that area.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00789-00253140-00253377 And we talk about that as an areal feature.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00790-00253383-00253419 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00791-00253419-00253746 Like a vocabulary, like a vocabulary, but it can also happen with
-NSS5eh4h8U-00792-00253773-00254218 non vocabulary things too, like pronunciations and various other things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00793-00254221-00254588 So it is possible, but vocabulary is the most common kind,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00794-00254588-00254741 but it can be other things
-NSS5eh4h8U-00795-00254784-00255166 and the, of course the other problem is, you know, because of this sort
-NSS5eh4h8U-00796-00255166-00255806 of reference to the evolutionary side of things is that biological
-NSS5eh4h8U-00797-00255806-00256079 species do not crossbreed, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00798-00256091-00256238 Aven: that's the definition of a species
-NSS5eh4h8U-00799-00256238-00256343 Mark: of a species, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00800-00256379-00256811 So you come to the sort of conclusion that, Oh, language can't either,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00801-00256811-00257171 but there's no reason that  so you may miss things if you're
-NSS5eh4h8U-00802-00257171-00257387 thinking rigidly along those lines.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00803-00257406-00257727 And so language can have lateral transfer, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00804-00257742-00258102 So, I mean, lateral transfer is, turns out is pretty common in language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00805-00258102-00258537 So again, that makes problematic the, the notion
-NSS5eh4h8U-00806-00258537-00258843 Aven: And English is a very good example of pretty much all of these things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00807-00258843-00258870 Mark: Right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00808-00258870-00259115 A whole lot of vocabulary that was lateral.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00809-00259115-00259673 Aven: If you try to do English just as a branch of a single branching tree.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00810-00259682-00260127 you can only trace it back to German and to germanic And that is just
-NSS5eh4h8U-00811-00260131-00260296 a false understanding of English.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00812-00260340-00260707 So you then can't figure out where most of the words in English come from
-NSS5eh4h8U-00813-00260715-00260874 because they don't follow that trace.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00814-00260934-00260984 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00815-00261014-00261403 Mark: So as a result, a student of Schleicher named Johannes
-NSS5eh4h8U-00816-00261405-00261676 Schmidt proposed a different model.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00817-00261691-00262080 And whether you think it's a complete replacement or a refinement or an
-NSS5eh4h8U-00818-00262080-00262317 extra thing, you know, different people have thought different
-NSS5eh4h8U-00819-00262317-00262449 things about this over the years.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00820-00262449-00262960 But in any case he suggested thinking of it more like waves.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00821-00262978-00263125 So this is the wave model.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00822-00263158-00263192 Okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00823-00263192-00263780 So think of, dropping a pebble in water and it spreading out in these concentric
-NSS5eh4h8U-00824-00263780-00264177 circles, that was the sort of model that he was saying that language could
-NSS5eh4h8U-00825-00264177-00264621 change that way now, as it turns out, I mean, what most modern linguists would
-NSS5eh4h8U-00826-00264621-00265143 say is That's one possible way it can happen, but it's not the only way either.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00827-00265152-00265175 Right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00828-00265175-00265571 So it can't be a complete replacement of the tree model, but nevertheless,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00829-00265571-00265975 thinking of it in terms of these concentric waves is important.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00830-00266021-00266492 And so what you get is, yeah, linguistic innovation can happen in one place and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00831-00266492-00266934 then spread out having a smaller and smaller effect, the further you get away.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00832-00266951-00267233 Aven: And then you could theoretically set up interference patterns, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00833-00267242-00267581 You can have, you could have multiple originating languages, which the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00834-00267581-00267734 waves then cross over one another.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00835-00267770-00267835 So Mark: produce.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00836-00267847-00268283 Language, language A and language B could each have their individual you
-NSS5eh4h8U-00837-00268283-00268758 know, linguistic innovations and both of those can influence language C Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00838-00268783-00268924 so that's the wave model.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00839-00268954-00269420 More recently, another way of thinking about it is in terms of linkages.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00840-00269420-00269564 And I like this this model
-NSS5eh4h8U-00841-00269564-00269624 Aven: you would.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00842-00269633-00269683 Mark: Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00843-00269716-00270125 so it's thinking of dialects as a kind of network.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00844-00270173-00270557 So you have a network of related dialects or languages, however,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00845-00270566-00270930 and linguists, you know, actually don't like using the word dialect
-NSS5eh4h8U-00846-00270932-00271094 because there's no definition for it
-NSS5eh4h8U-00847-00271133-00271328 Aven: as if there's a definition for the word language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00848-00271343-00271393 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00849-00271394-00271469 Mark: Well, yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00850-00271506-00271778 Not, not as distinct from the word dialect.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00851-00271786-00271807 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00852-00271807-00272296 So there's a field called dialectology, but it refuses to define the word
-NSS5eh4h8U-00853-00272296-00272509 dialect, which is, you know, great naming.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00854-00272586-00272799 Aven: I told you nobody should have put the linguists in
-NSS5eh4h8U-00855-00272799-00272919 charge of making up words.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00856-00272925-00273045 It was a big mistake.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00857-00273110-00273720 Mark: So you have these, this complex network of related varieties which Kind
-NSS5eh4h8U-00858-00273720-00274403 of forms out of the gradual diffusion of a proto language or rather, I suppose,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00859-00274406-00274813 you know rather than thinking of it as a proto language think of it as a
-NSS5eh4h8U-00860-00274818-00275299 proto dialect continuum, because even the proto language is not one variety
-NSS5eh4h8U-00861-00275299-00275499 that produces a bunch of things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00862-00275499-00275811 It's a bunch of varieties that produce a bunch of other things in these very
-NSS5eh4h8U-00863-00275811-00276060 complicated network of influences.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00864-00276114-00276138 Aven: Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00865-00276138-00276438 The reason we go back to one proto language is because our ability
-NSS5eh4h8U-00866-00276438-00276864 to track that variety in those distinctions disappears over time.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00867-00276882-00277199 So that by the time you're going back that far, you can really only
-NSS5eh4h8U-00868-00277199-00277606 reconstruct large level units.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00869-00277609-00277876 You can't go to the point of being able to reconstruct that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00870-00277900-00277927 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00871-00277927-00278239 That's why the, the trunk thickens in the other metaphor,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00872-00278311-00278770 Mark: So language innovations can be shared between neighboring dialects,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00873-00278812-00279058 even though they are diverging, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00874-00279097-00279452 So it's not just a, you know, point of divergence and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00875-00279452-00279584 you've got two species, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00876-00279584-00280075 They still can continue to influence each other overall kind of diverging,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00877-00280075-00280461 but certain linguistic innovations can still jump back and forth.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00878-00280483-00280533 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00879-00280536-00280845 So, you know, simplicity is replaced by complexity.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00880-00280856-00281240 But we still use the tree model because it helps us wrap our
-NSS5eh4h8U-00881-00281242-00281455 head around what's going on.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00882-00281455-00281470 And
-NSS5eh4h8U-00883-00281470-00281859 Aven: for sort of high level understanding of languag change.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00884-00281873-00282068 It gets you the basics, but yeah,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00885-00282080-00282572 Mark: Now one way that we can look for this sort of evidence and try
-NSS5eh4h8U-00886-00282572-00283137 and work out relationships between languages is using a list of vocabulary.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00887-00283137-00283607 And specifically there was a list developed by Morris Swadesh, and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00888-00283609-00283783 so it's called the Swadesh list.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00889-00283806-00284167 He was a linguist who by the way, was a student of Edward Sapir.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00890-00284206-00284290 Good friend of the show
-NSS5eh4h8U-00891-00284503-00284648 Aven: controversial figure.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00892-00284781-00285319 Mark: And so what he did is he came up with a list of basically concepts
-NSS5eh4h8U-00893-00285353-00285797 that were thought to be like basic that you could find in all the languages.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00894-00285843-00285893 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00895-00285896-00286166 And therefore you could use this list for the purpose of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00896-00286166-00286393 cross-linguistic lexical comparison.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00897-00286423-00286879 Find the words, that mean these things in language A and language B, and then
-NSS5eh4h8U-00898-00286879-00287202 compare them, compare the two lists, and then you can see, well, what's
-NSS5eh4h8U-00899-00287205-00287346 in common, what's not in common or
-NSS5eh4h8U-00900-00287346-00287379 Aven: whatever.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00901-00287379-00287520 Are there sounds that are similar?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00902-00287520-00287570 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00903-00287570-00288062 Mark: Now Swadesh used the list first to sort of study and classify the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00904-00288062-00288595 extent to which languages replaced basic words in their proto language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00905-00288628-00288870 So over time, language has changed.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00906-00288870-00289212 So how, you know, what words, how fast, how many words get tossed out
-NSS5eh4h8U-00907-00289212-00289341 and replaced with something else.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00908-00289364-00290035 And then he used that information to try and estimate the "age" and
-NSS5eh4h8U-00909-00290035-00290517 I'm doing big scare quotes here, the "age" of languages, which is really
-NSS5eh4h8U-00910-00290517-00291021 to say the time since two languages, diverged from a common ancestor.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00911-00291021-00291123 So it's all relative.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00912-00291159-00291507 So it's, you know, kind of comparing two languages and trying to work out.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00913-00291507-00291531 Okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00914-00291531-00291939 Well, when, how long ago was this divergence between these two?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00915-00291978-00292192 Aven: How long were these two languages, the same language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00916-00292192-00292242 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00917-00292254-00292550 Mark: Now there's a bunch of assumptions of course being made there.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00918-00292550-00293015 And so, you know, he is, although the list, linguists still use the list.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00919-00293025-00293540 A lot of what he said about it is no longer held to be all that reliable.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00920-00293568-00293960 But there's this basic assumption that there is a basic rate at
-NSS5eh4h8U-00921-00293960-00294153 which these changes happen, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00922-00294183-00294408 And that's by no means clear that it's true.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00923-00294408-00294735 In fact, it, you know, it's not that hard to show that some languages
-NSS5eh4h8U-00924-00294751-00295144 can be more conservative and change less over a certain number of years
-NSS5eh4h8U-00925-00295153-00295267 is compared to another language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00926-00295287-00295337 Aven: Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00927-00295374-00295712 I also feel like maybe you were going to talk about this, the base assumption
-NSS5eh4h8U-00928-00295712-00296258 there, that there are certain words, lexical items that are common to all
-NSS5eh4h8U-00929-00296258-00296886 languages . While.I'm going to assume there's some fairly basic, you know, that
-NSS5eh4h8U-00930-00296886-00297021 we would all think, Oh, common sense.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00931-00297021-00297071 That's true.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00932-00297106-00297268 The edges of a lexical.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00933-00297271-00297457 I mean, this is something we've talked about elsewhere.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00934-00297496-00297966 What any given lexical item actually encompasses and doesn't encompass, I
-NSS5eh4h8U-00935-00297973-00298399 can't imagine there's any, like, even something as basic, like I'm sure the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00936-00298402-00298585 words for relationships are on there.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00937-00298585-00298678 Right? Mother, father.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00938-00298753-00298803 Yeah, sure.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00939-00298804-00298885 Mother and father.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00940-00298897-00299030 Seem like the most basic.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00941-00299032-00299245 How could every language not have a mother and father?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00942-00299293-00299650 There are languages where mother means every woman who is related
-NSS5eh4h8U-00943-00299650-00299986 to my mother, every, my mother and my aunts are all my mother.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00944-00299989-00300227 The same word is used for all of those people.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00945-00300240-00300483 That doesn't mean that language doesn't have a word for mother.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00946-00300503-00300587 Of course it does.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00947-00300598-00300982 But the word, like to say that's the same as my word for mother,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00948-00300982-00301168 which only means one person.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00949-00301185-00301542 And I can't even mean a stepmother or, you know, or mother-in-law that's
-NSS5eh4h8U-00950-00301542-00301692 not really the same word is it,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00951-00301712-00302127 Mark: which is why a lot of linguists don't talk about the Swadesh list,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00952-00302130-00302700 but talk about the Swadesh lists, because many people since have, you
-NSS5eh4h8U-00953-00302700-00303149 know, changed the list and refined the list and, you know, I can totally
-NSS5eh4h8U-00954-00303149-00303494 Aven: see the, I can absolutely see the usefulness of it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00955-00303494-00303785 And I'm not trying to say that, you have to have something, you have to have
-NSS5eh4h8U-00956-00303785-00304202 some way of saying, like, what words, if I go to look at a new language, I
-NSS5eh4h8U-00957-00304202-00304403 can't look at the entire vocabulary.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00958-00304454-00304544 Right off the bat.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00959-00304550-00304600 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00960-00304607-00305000 I have to do something to let, to limit my, my understanding of
-NSS5eh4h8U-00961-00305000-00305228 it start off with, but, but yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00962-00305228-00305278 I just think,
-NSS5eh4h8U-00963-00305284-00305569 Mark: yeah, what you consider basic is a tricky thing.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00964-00305572-00305848 I mean, you know, you can say certain things like, Oh, well
-NSS5eh4h8U-00965-00305848-00306052 we're all biologically the same.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00966-00306052-00306127 So.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00967-00306169-00306403 Aven: But that's like saying we all see the same way.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00968-00306403-00306550 We've talked about this with color, right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-00969-00306556-00306829 Like that's like saying we all see the same wavelengths.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00970-00306850-00307180 Therefore our words for color must be the same must mean the same
-NSS5eh4h8U-00971-00307180-00307672 wavelengths, but I mean, that's obviously it's empirically not true.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00972-00307711-00308191 And whether you even think you see color is appearing and you know, quite leaving
-NSS5eh4h8U-00973-00308215-00308595 aside color blind people and stuff like it's the same biology doesn't produce
-NSS5eh4h8U-00974-00308595-00308746 the same understanding of the world.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00975-00308779-00309103 Mark: I mean, there, there certainly have been many challenges to the
-NSS5eh4h8U-00976-00309103-00309283 Swadesh list and how we use it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00977-00309283-00309681 And is it even useful and so forth, but, but nevertheless, it's
-NSS5eh4h8U-00978-00309681-00310177 still, you know, is a thing that linguists linguists work with.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00979-00310277-00310748 So, I mean, obviously there is a lot more, one could say about
-NSS5eh4h8U-00980-00310841-00311219 etymology and historical linguistics.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00981-00311279-00311696 And I will, I'm going to have a video coming out hopefully
-NSS5eh4h8U-00982-00311696-00311946 very, fairly soon that will
-NSS5eh4h8U-00983-00311965-00312201 Aven: Don't say very soon, that's over promising
-NSS5eh4h8U-00984-00312236-00312587 Mark: that is going to revisit a bit of this stuff about
-NSS5eh4h8U-00985-00312605-00312800 dialects and that sort of thing.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00986-00312812-00313157 So I will maybe say more about it then, and I will no doubt come back to
-NSS5eh4h8U-00987-00313157-00313388 this topic again on the podcast too.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00988-00313419-00313858 But I think that sums up what still needed to be said after
-NSS5eh4h8U-00989-00313858-00314017 the previous video that I made.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00990-00314022-00314046 Aven: Okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00991-00314046-00314448 Well, I'm not, I don't want to talk too much about this, but
-NSS5eh4h8U-00992-00314448-00314832 I think, you know, what you're talking about is the development
-NSS5eh4h8U-00993-00314835-00315213 of what we might call scientific etymology or scholarly etymology.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00994-00315258-00315758 And I think that a lot of people who watch our videos in particular, you know lots
-NSS5eh4h8U-00995-00315758-00316166 of people who are interested in etymology, aren't necessarily aware of the principles
-NSS5eh4h8U-00996-00316166-00316685 by which historical linguistics functions and why would they be, I mean, they're, as
-NSS5eh4h8U-00997-00316685-00317123 we've just listened to quite complicated and difficult and need, you need a lot
-NSS5eh4h8U-00998-00317123-00317357 of work and time and understanding.
-NSS5eh4h8U-00999-00317426-00317678 So, I mean, you can go and look up in a dictionary and find out what an
-NSS5eh4h8U-01000-00317678-00318071 etymology is, but if you want to try to do it yourself or to understand
-NSS5eh4h8U-01001-00318119-00318311 why a dictionary says what it does.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01002-00318376-00318433 That's hard.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01003-00318442-00318592 it's not just common sense.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01004-00318655-00319017 But people have been interested as your video talks about in the origins of
-NSS5eh4h8U-01005-00319017-00319341 words, you know, ever since ever since, presumably people started talking to
-NSS5eh4h8U-01006-00319341-00319697 other people who had other languages, which presumably was ever since ever.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01007-00319721-00320090 They've wondered why, the words they use and ever since we moved away from pure
-NSS5eh4h8U-01008-00320090-00320399 onomatopoeia to, to arbitrary language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01009-00320421-00320758 Wondered why the words we use for things are the words we use for
-NSS5eh4h8U-01010-00320758-00321004 them, especially when you see that other people don't use the same word.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01011-00321030-00321317 And so I think the impulse for a lot of people who love etymology
-NSS5eh4h8U-01012-00321317-00321599 is to try to sort of look for those connections themselves.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01013-00321612-00322003 And unfortunately it can be very misleading because you've talked about,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01014-00322024-00322402 you know, sound changes the most obvious thing to do when you look at words
-NSS5eh4h8U-01015-00322402-00322714 is look for other words, that mean something similar that sound the same.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01016-00322741-00323098 But as you've just demonstrated with the sound changes with Grimm's Law and
-NSS5eh4h8U-01017-00323098-00323545 stuff, in fact, what you need to look for often is words that don't sound the same.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01018-00323608-00324004 Two words that sound the same in two different languages might be less
-NSS5eh4h8U-01019-00324004-00324366 likely, depending on, you know, the history of those changes might be
-NSS5eh4h8U-01020-00324366-00324528 less likely to be the same word.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01021-00324540-00324906 a word in Latin and a word in English that both start with a P are
-NSS5eh4h8U-01022-00324906-00325329 possibly, if there is actual English word, less likely to be related than
-NSS5eh4h8U-01023-00325329-00325485 a word with P and a word with F.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01024-00325504-00325858 So if you follow the sort of what words sound the most similar,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01025-00325859-00325993 you're going to be misled.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01026-00326016-00326457 And also we didn't talk very much at all about semantic changes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01027-00326484-00326787 We talked a little bit, but I have another video.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01028-00326791-00326910 Yeah, exactly.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01029-00326937-00327219 So we'll talk about it later, but the basic point is, again, if you
-NSS5eh4h8U-01030-00327219-00327537 take two languages and you just look for words, that mean the same thing
-NSS5eh4h8U-01031-00327537-00327684 and assume they must be related.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01032-00327702-00328230 Words go through amazing changes in meaning over time and the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01033-00328230-00328494 same root sounds can end up meaning something very different.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01034-00328519-00329002 But until all of this work was done in the 18th, 19th century and 20th century,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01035-00329023-00329447 the best tools people had were these two words sound the same, or these
-NSS5eh4h8U-01036-00329447-00329628 two words  mean something similar.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01037-00329645-00329864 And so you get this attempt to do.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01038-00329864-00330404 And so while that continues, I would say folk entomology continues now unabated.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01039-00330437-00331031 And we see in the comments to our videos, that lots of people see spiritual and
-NSS5eh4h8U-01040-00331031-00331610 magical and religious and nationalistic, meaning in etymology and therefore look
-NSS5eh4h8U-01041-00331610-00331999 for their own secret hidden understanding of the world through etymology.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01042-00332009-00332435 And apply common sense rather than scientific principles to it, to come
-NSS5eh4h8U-01043-00332435-00332624 up with whatever fits their best ideas.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01044-00332675-00332849 Well, that was happening a long time ago, too.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01045-00332859-00333262 And you touched on Isidore of Seville who wrote that comprehensive
-NSS5eh4h8U-01046-00333262-00333470 etymological encyclopedia.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01047-00333492-00333789 And the reason those two things go together in his mind is because
-NSS5eh4h8U-01048-00333789-00334178 etymology is the study of true things and the origins of things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01049-00334209-00334589 And so I just wanted to say a little bit more about who he was
-NSS5eh4h8U-01050-00334589-00334967 and what he did, because only touched on it briefly in the video.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01051-00334978-00335044 So he's.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01052-00335060-00335432 We have very precise dates for him, which is quite, I guess, because he's a Saint.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01053-00335468-00335585 And he wrote so much.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01054-00335585-00336087 And so the dates are 560 to the 4th of April 636.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01055-00336094-00336271 Mark: That's important because that's his death day.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01056-00336282-00336351 Aven: Yeah, exactly.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01057-00336351-00336616 Of course that doesn't mean it's correct, but anyway, yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01058-00336659-00336895 It is the day that goes onto the calendar as the saint's day, yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01059-00336945-00337314 But you know, even, even having a precise year, frankly, is, is
-NSS5eh4h8U-01060-00337314-00337425 pretty impressive at that period.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01061-00337464-00337940 And he's um, Savelle obviously he's from, in, in Spain, under the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01062-00337940-00338355 Visigothic kingdoms and he wrote a whole bunch of things, not just the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01063-00338355-00338794 Etymologicae , Etymologiae,  sorry, but that is his most famous work.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01064-00338800-00339089 A lot of the other stuff he wrote was theological, though not all of it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01065-00339101-00339363 And the Etymologiae is really long.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01066-00339370-00339733 And very comprehensive or attempts to be very comprehensive.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01067-00339733-00340080 So I don't really want to talk about it in great length, but it does start off
-NSS5eh4h8U-01068-00340080-00340432 with talking about the seven liberal arts, the liberal  disciplines, like
-NSS5eh4h8U-01069-00340432-00340753 it starts very, it starts with grammar and then it talks about those things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01070-00340765-00341193 And I'm just, I thought I would read just the first paragraph, because I
-NSS5eh4h8U-01071-00341193-00341379 think it already gives you a very.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01072-00341385-00341604 Clear understanding of the way he's looking for it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01073-00341604-00341766 Like how do, where do words come from.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01074-00341783-00341917 So I'm going to read it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01075-00341918-00342154 And of course, because he's all talking about Latin, I'm going
-NSS5eh4h8U-01076-00342154-00342388 to have to keep reading the Latin words out to explain, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01077-00342388-00342652 it's got in in brackets So On discipline and art.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01078-00342692-00343242 Discipline, "disciplin a", takes its name from learning, "discere", whence it can
-NSS5eh4h8U-01079-00343242-00343452 also be called knowledge, "scientia".
-NSS5eh4h8U-01080-00343488-00344073 Now know, "scire", to know, is named from learn "discere ." Right, because
-NSS5eh4h8U-01081-00344073-00344349 there's sounds that are the same, but because the meaning is the same.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01082-00344349-00344730 That's the important thing, because none of us knows unless we have learned.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01083-00344775-00345150 A discipline is so named in another way, because the full thing is learned,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01084-00345165-00345421 "discitur plena" a  "disci - plena".
-NSS5eh4h8U-01085-00345428-00345895 And an art, "ars", genitive "artis", is so-called because It consists of
-NSS5eh4h8U-01086-00345895-00346398 strict "artus", precepts and rules others say this word is derived by the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01087-00346398-00346856 Greeks and from the word "arete", that is virtue as they termed  knowledge,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01088-00346869-00346986 so arete which means virtue.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01089-00347011-00347242 Plato and Aristotle would speak of this distinction between
-NSS5eh4h8U-01090-00347242-00347359 an art and a discipline.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01091-00347368-00347698 An art consists of matters that can turn out in different ways while a
-NSS5eh4h8U-01092-00347698-00347992 discipline is concerned with things that have only one possible outcome.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01093-00348035-00348341 Thus when something is expounded with true arguments, it will be a discipline
-NSS5eh4h8U-01094-00348365-00348677 when something merely resembling the truth and based on opinion is treated,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01095-00348685-00348826 it will have the name of an art.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01096-00348845-00349115 Mark: I wonder what access he had to Greek authors
-NSS5eh4h8U-01097-00349145-00349187 Aven: at that point?
-NSS5eh4h8U-01098-00349187-00349385 He probably still did.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01099-00349385-00349448 I would think so.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01100-00349499-00350002 But so you just, just to see there, like you know, does "discere" and "disciplina"
-NSS5eh4h8U-01101-00350002-00350137 have anything to do with each other?
-NSS5eh4h8U-01102-00350165-00350222 I don't know.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01103-00350248-00350901 "scientia"  and "scire" do, sure, science and to know, but "scire" and "discere" do
-NSS5eh4h8U-01104-00350901-00351094 not have anything to do with each other.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01105-00351116-00351573 So, his etymologies in other words, are not based on any scientific understanding,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01106-00351575-00351894 but it's very clear there from how he does it, what he's trying to do.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01107-00351894-00352213 He's looking for words that sound the same and that have a meaning or
-NSS5eh4h8U-01108-00352213-00352674 that, that lead logically one from the other, and the reason he's doing it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01109-00352678-00353028 And the reason that would be good proof is because by talking about it like that,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01110-00353034-00353259 you learn something about what an art is.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01111-00353278-00353674 If the word comes from "artus" precepts, strict rules, then that
-NSS5eh4h8U-01112-00353674-00353866 tells you something about what art is.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01113-00353900-00354194 If it comes from "arete", virtue, then that tells you
-NSS5eh4h8U-01114-00354194-00354344 something about the value of art.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01115-00354371-00354856 So the etymology here as far removed as possible in a way from this
-NSS5eh4h8U-01116-00354865-00355144 phonetic, you know, like I don't care.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01117-00355162-00355328 All I'm caring about is the phonetic similarity.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01118-00355330-00355777 Now, obviously those phonetic patterns have to also fall into semantic
-NSS5eh4h8U-01119-00355782-00356294 groups, you know, pater and father are connected because they also mean father.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01120-00356393-00356683 But the, the thing that matters the most is the phonology.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01121-00356685-00356733 Mark: Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01122-00356733-00357163 And, and what's demonstrated again and again, in the videos I do and
-NSS5eh4h8U-01123-00357163-00357309 everything is that very often.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01124-00357309-00357855 It's really surprising what the, the proto word meant compared to what the,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01125-00357914-00358115 Aven: you can like you did for the sounds.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01126-00358115-00358422 You might have to trace the steps of how the meanings changed.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01127-00358436-00358706 And sometimes you just have to say, I don't know, it has to have come
-NSS5eh4h8U-01128-00358706-00358826 from there because of the sounds.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01129-00358826-00359096 And we have to assume that like, it's close enough in meaning that
-NSS5eh4h8U-01130-00359096-00359453 it must be weird, but something happened then we don't know why.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01131-00359461-00359511 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01132-00359544-00359755 But that would be, I think, nonsensical to Isidore.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01133-00359788-00360187 Like it just, it would be a fundamental violation of how the world worked.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01134-00360200-00360494 And he knows Greek and Latin, or he knows of Greek and Latin.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01135-00360511-00360916 So he's willing to believe that these things like follow logical
-NSS5eh4h8U-01136-00360925-00361099 precepts within those languages.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01137-00361123-00361519 And presumably he's not necessarily saying that these explain the whole world that
-NSS5eh4h8U-01138-00361519-00361918 only  Greek and Latin work, but he's assuming there is a logical underpinning
-NSS5eh4h8U-01139-00361918-00362281 to the language where words are going to have a relationship to one another.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01140-00362281-00362437 That is going to mean something.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01141-00362464-00362816 So, I just thought that was, it was just interesting to see that example
-NSS5eh4h8U-01142-00362828-00363242 and people are still doing that, but it is not how scientific etymology goes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01143-00363257-00363500 So his work is fascinating and interesting.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01144-00363500-00363854 And from time to time probably does give us real etymologies, especially when it's
-NSS5eh4h8U-01145-00363854-00364292 from like a name of a place to a thing, or, you know, he preserves a historical
-NSS5eh4h8U-01146-00364296-00364785 moment or a document or transition or event that we wouldn't know otherwise.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01147-00364799-00365177 but in general, we should not take him as being any kind of
-NSS5eh4h8U-01148-00365177-00365309 actual authority on etymology.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01149-00365357-00365834 The other thing I wanted to just mention is that he is in no way
-NSS5eh4h8U-01150-00365834-00366131 alone in the ancient world in being fascinated by these things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01151-00366131-00366181 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01152-00366227-00366644 It is something that is a feature of other scholars.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01153-00366644-00367109 I mean, we see it in other writers, but in particular, Because it's not the podcast
-NSS5eh4h8U-01154-00367109-00367262 without me mentioning Roman poetry.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01155-00367299-00367605 We see it a lot in, in Roman poets . Greek poets as well, but I'm
-NSS5eh4h8U-01156-00367606-00367699 going to talk about the Roman ones.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01157-00367722-00368081 and what they do is they use what I suppose we could just call puns
-NSS5eh4h8U-01158-00368127-00368503 not necessarily in the same way, not necessarily to prove something
-NSS5eh4h8U-01159-00368503-00368861 about the world but to sometimes just show off that they know stuff.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01160-00368884-00369214 But also as a way of Adding variety and interest to their poetry.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01161-00369230-00369323 Mark: it's a stylistic
-NSS5eh4h8U-01162-00369328-00369782 Aven: It's stylistic, but it can also do things like make allusions to other works.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01163-00369782-00370050 It can show off Obscure knowledge.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01164-00370062-00370536 it can also point out a significance or a thematic element within the story.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01165-00370566-00371035 So, there's a million examples, but Ovid is very fond of etymological wordplay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01166-00371035-00371251 He's fond of every single kind of wordplay that there could be.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01167-00371282-00371576 I was just looking sort of up for articles on these things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01168-00371576-00371892 So just one example, plucked Somewhat at random in the story
-NSS5eh4h8U-01169-00371892-00372322 of Pyramus and Thisbe, which is the story, it's the Metamorphoses.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01170-00372371-00372658 And it doesn't even matter what the story is, but there's a Mulberry.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01171-00372658-00372952 At one point, somebody turns into his blood turns into a Mulberry
-NSS5eh4h8U-01172-00372952-00373207 tree, or there is a Mulberry tree that is stained by his blood.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01173-00373227-00373582 And it's the story of lovers kept apart and come together.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01174-00373600-00374185 So he puns on the word Mora, which means mulberry tree, but also means
-NSS5eh4h8U-01175-00374201-00374387 it's a separate word that means delay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01176-00374409-00374673 And the story of Pyramus and Thisbe is one of them is delayed.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01177-00374673-00374723 And so
-NSS5eh4h8U-01178-00374760-00374918 Mark: it's basically Romeo and Juliet,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01179-00374981-00375038 Aven: the same plot.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01180-00375059-00375380 And it's the it's in a Midsummer's night dream too, is that little
-NSS5eh4h8U-01181-00375380-00375671 inset narrative in Shakespeare, but yeah, it's very similar plot.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01182-00375712-00376139 But Mora is also an anagram of amor,  love.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01183-00376211-00376238 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01184-00376238-00376480 So that's a kind of, I mean, it's not really, but Isidore
-NSS5eh4h8U-01185-00376480-00376591 would use that as etymology.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01186-00376591-00377000 We saw that with his "discitur plena" can give us, "disciplina ." So Mora,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01187-00377029-00377618 you know, delay, Mulberry tree, amor, and then Mora in moriens, so "dying"
-NSS5eh4h8U-01188-00377686-00378127 has that same, "mor" root, Mors meaning death, but also morsus is a bite.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01189-00378127-00378454 And of course the guy is mauled by lion bitten by a lion.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01190-00378502-00378855 So you get lines you know, it's not really helpful to read this out in
-NSS5eh4h8U-01191-00378855-00379227 Latin, but you know, lines where he has mors  next to a Mora, and amor
-NSS5eh4h8U-01192-00379241-00379769 . And so he has all of these words in a cluster of four or five lines.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01193-00379787-00380191 And  the sounds are repeated, but also there's sort of thematic idea that
-NSS5eh4h8U-01194-00380191-00380617 there's a resonance between these words because they're in his mind related words,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01195-00380641-00381157 whether or not they actually are, but then it can go further because, so this
-NSS5eh4h8U-01196-00381163-00381304 I'm going to read from an article here.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01197-00381333-00381874 "This cluster of anagrammatic and paronomastic puns on mora, amor, mors,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01198-00381874-00382251 mora conceals another etymological wordplay of deeper significance on
-NSS5eh4h8U-01199-00382251-00382422 the Greek derivation of the word.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01200-00382458-00382907 The standard Greek term for mulberries was sykamina but Athenaeus reports that
-NSS5eh4h8U-01201-00382907-00383152 the Alexandrian Greeks called them "mora".
-NSS5eh4h8U-01202-00383167-00383599 ...  like the Alexandrians moreover, the Hellenistic Greek poet Nicander, whose
-NSS5eh4h8U-01203-00383599-00383930 lost Transformations was an important model for Ovid identifies the tree
-NSS5eh4h8U-01204-00383930-00384325 by the related form of morea, rather than by the more common sykaminos."
-NSS5eh4h8U-01205-00384372-00384843 So now when he's using mora  in Latin, he's referring to the specific
-NSS5eh4h8U-01206-00384846-00385286 Greek author who happened to use this dialectical word for it, So
-NSS5eh4h8U-01207-00385319-00385667 "etymological discussion of the Latin morus and morum preserved by Isidore
-NSS5eh4h8U-01208-00385667-00386021 shows that the Romans were aware of the Greek derivation of these words", that
-NSS5eh4h8U-01209-00386021-00386222 Mora in Latin comes from the Greek.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01210-00386246-00386570 "Athanasius also preserves the information that [a grammarian
-NSS5eh4h8U-01211-00386573-00387059 ] derived Mora from "haimoroa", flowing blood, in his Etymology.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01212-00387077-00387494 Virgil clearly alludes to this etymology in his own poem, in the one reference
-NSS5eh4h8U-01213-00387494-00387764 he makes to the Mulberry where he glosses the noun with an etymologically
-NSS5eh4h8U-01214-00387764-00388008 significant adjective "sanguineis...
-NSS5eh4h8U-01215-00388014-00388230 moris," bloody mulberries".
-NSS5eh4h8U-01216-00388291-00388691 So that's the kind of wordplay that again, pun is not quite the right word,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01217-00388691-00388917 but where Virgil by saying,sanguineis...
-NSS5eh4h8U-01218-00388919-00389406 moris, yes, a Mulberry plant can be called bloody because it has red berries.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01219-00389443-00389900 But he's showing that he knows that the Greek word, at least by some scholars
-NSS5eh4h8U-01220-00389900-00390077 is said to come from a word for blood.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01221-00390089-00390536 So he's showing off his etymological knowledge, but not by using that word,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01222-00390555-00390956 by using a Latin word that refers to the Greek word, that was the derivation of
-NSS5eh4h8U-01223-00390956-00391133 this Latin word of the other Latin word.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01224-00391133-00391183 Right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-01225-00391208-00391343 So that kind of thing.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01226-00391346-00391672 And he says "Ovid follows Virgil by signaling the Greek etymology at the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01227-00391672-00392046 outset and conclusion of his tale" with "sanguinis arbor", the bloody
-NSS5eh4h8U-01228-00392046-00392572 tree, and then at the end of his tale "monimenta cruoris" a monument, a
-NSS5eh4h8U-01229-00392574-00392937 remembrance of blood, of a different word for blood But although he
-NSS5eh4h8U-01230-00392937-00393068 suppresses the word, he glosses.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01231-00393070-00393415 So in both of those cases, he refers to the tree by reference to it being
-NSS5eh4h8U-01232-00393415-00393862 bloody in Latin without using the word mora, which is the word that is derived,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01233-00393862-00394030 supposedly from the Greek word for blood.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01234-00394051-00394087 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01235-00394087-00394534 So he replaces the word with an etymological gloss.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01236-00394563-00394839 Mark: So he's showing he knows it without actually using the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01237-00394840-00394890 Aven: word.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01238-00394941-00395043 so this is the kind of.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01239-00395043-00395526 many layers of play and cross-linguistic play that these authors like to use.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01240-00395579-00396009 Mark: It's interesting hearing these these specific examples, it's sort of
-NSS5eh4h8U-01241-00396009-00396523 strikes my ear, that they rely more on the consonants than the vowels.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01242-00396583-00396836 Aven: Well, I mean, I think that's not really too surprising given the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01243-00396836-00397226 forms of Latin and Greek where the vowels are very shiftable right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01244-00397226-00397616 Because they can shift with, so I wonder if forms of language of words.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01245-00397616-00397660 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01246-00397660-00398137 Mark: So I wonder if you would, you know, find different kinds of puns in languages
-NSS5eh4h8U-01247-00398137-00398354 that were more vowel predominant.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01248-00398354-00398639 Aven: Where vowels were more stable and the consonants are what change
-NSS5eh4h8U-01249-00398641-00398950 Mark: languages but yeah, in a vowel-y, there must be
-NSS5eh4h8U-01250-00398950-00399148 Aven: languages where the vowels would make more of a difference.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01251-00399148-00399193 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01252-00399193-00399271 Oh exactly.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01253-00399271-00399532 I'm sure you get different structures to that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01254-00399551-00399992 In fact, another article I was looking at points out that very often.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01255-00399992-00400403 It's alliteration or the initial consonant, in fact, that seemed
-NSS5eh4h8U-01256-00400403-00400502 to be the most important.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01257-00400502-00400835 So if they alliterate then they'll, then they'll think they're connected.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01258-00400835-00401129 And the rest of the word is just kind of, if it follows a vaguely
-NSS5eh4h8U-01259-00401129-00401291 similar pattern, it's close enough.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01260-00401336-00401723 Whereas if the beginnings of the words don't match, they're much less likely
-NSS5eh4h8U-01261-00401723-00401855 to think that they're the same word.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01262-00401900-00402193 Now, a Latin accent is recessive, so that might be part of it too.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01263-00402193-00402625 The accented syllable may feel more important for reasons like that, but
-NSS5eh4h8U-01264-00402625-00402883 there are sort of rules, so I'm not going to go over them, but there's an
-NSS5eh4h8U-01265-00402883-00403396 article here that I have that I can put a link to that kind of lists the types of
-NSS5eh4h8U-01266-00403396-00403862 etymological connections that the poets and these authors tend to make like A
-NSS5eh4h8U-01267-00403862-00404360 is from B, A is similar to B, therefore A is from B you know, like kind of
-NSS5eh4h8U-01268-00404360-00404719 works out the different, the different levels of complexity that these kinds
-NSS5eh4h8U-01269-00404719-00404918 of assumptions about language can take.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01270-00404940-00405339 And they're fun, but what's important again, in these poems is
-NSS5eh4h8U-01271-00405344-00405722 they don't necessarily reflect any actual truth about the language.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01272-00405725-00405753 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01273-00405753-00406206 But they reflect a listener's experience of the language or semantic connections,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01274-00406209-00406782 or very often other people's suppositions or other authors' suppositions
-NSS5eh4h8U-01275-00406784-00406937 in the past about such things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01276-00406958-00407473 What Virgil likes to do a lot in the Aeneid and elsewhere is have in
-NSS5eh4h8U-01277-00407473-00407805 lines that are very close to each other different forms of words, where
-NSS5eh4h8U-01278-00407805-00408258 one is the etymological seemingly the etymological root of the other.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01279-00408315-00408787 So Saturnia Saturn he has a line in the Aeneid where he
-NSS5eh4h8U-01280-00408789-00408924 talks about Saturnian Juno.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01281-00408936-00409186 And then two lines later, has a line that has the word
-NSS5eh4h8U-01282-00409186-00409469 "saturata " saturated filled up.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01283-00409556-00409883 there's nothing explicit in the line that connects those two words.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01284-00409886-00410045 It's the simple proximity.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01285-00410048-00410554 Within the same grammatical structure, like larger phrase and within a
-NSS5eh4h8U-01286-00410554-00410761 couple of lines, that proximity.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01287-00410761-00411039 And the fact that, Saturnian, it was thought to come from
-NSS5eh4h8U-01288-00411042-00411225 the same root as filled up.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01289-00411237-00411604 And therefore he puts the two words in close proximity to show that
-NSS5eh4h8U-01290-00411604-00412018 connection, to emphasize that connection as being part of where that word comes
-NSS5eh4h8U-01291-00412018-00412368 from, but it's, he's not saying it like, there's nothing explicit in the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01292-00412368-00412509 lines that is making that connection.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01293-00412509-00413023 Or elsewhere he has you know, a few hundred lines later, he talks
-NSS5eh4h8U-01294-00413023-00413265 about  exsaturabile , overfilled.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01295-00413289-00413652 And then has when he's talking about Juno still, but he, now he doesn't call her
-NSS5eh4h8U-01296-00413652-00414057 Saturnian, but he has this other word for her that has to do with saturation.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01297-00414102-00414504 And then later talks about she's filled up, "satis est" there
-NSS5eh4h8U-01298-00414504-00414684 is enough of hatred for her.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01299-00414692-00414729 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01300-00414729-00414768 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01301-00414768-00415446 So words to do with satiation or fullness or,  plenitude gather around Juno and in
-NSS5eh4h8U-01302-00415446-00415815 one place, her actual epithet of Saturnian because she's the daughter of Saturn.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01303-00415818-00416095 That's why she's called Saturnian  Juno, in one place that epithet is used and
-NSS5eh4h8U-01304-00416095-00416305 then elsewhere that epithet isn't there.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01305-00416335-00416653 But there's these words that have that at etymological connection that cluster
-NSS5eh4h8U-01306-00416653-00417100 around her, because they are appropriate to her, even if they actually technically
-NSS5eh4h8U-01307-00417107-00417428 referred to some other thing in the line, you know, referencing something else.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01308-00417440-00417515 So he'll do that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01309-00417515-00417818 That's the sort of thing he'll do repeatedly and you can actually go
-NSS5eh4h8U-01310-00417818-00418158 through the Aeneid and find like, a root will be repeated multiple
-NSS5eh4h8U-01311-00418158-00418425 times around particular characters or particular events or something like
-NSS5eh4h8U-01312-00418425-00418573 that repeatedly throughout the Aeneid.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01313-00418596-00418764 So that's another kind of, you know, puns.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01314-00418764-00419058 Isn't really the right word for it, but there's playing with
-NSS5eh4h8U-01315-00419058-00419238 these etymological connections.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01316-00419283-00419517 That's really all I wanted to point out because I think it's interesting.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01317-00419547-00419574 Well,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01318-00419574-00419996 Mark: and I think you know, Latin students ever since had been fascinated
-NSS5eh4h8U-01319-00420002-00420186 and aware of this kind of wordplay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01320-00420205-00420589 And I have one example of that just kind of shows this
-NSS5eh4h8U-01321-00420604-00420796 appreciation for Latin punning.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01322-00420898-00421366 And it takes us back to the world of colonial British India.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01323-00421484-00421928 There was a general Sir Charles Napier, who was basically the,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01324-00421928-00422365 the military commander in chief, in India in the 18th century.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01325-00422406-00422718 And he sometimes clashed with the East India company.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01326-00422749-00423255 So they didn't always agree on what the right way to govern and handle the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01327-00423255-00423499 situations what was the best way to go?
-NSS5eh4h8U-01328-00423543-00423682 Aven: How best to exploit the natives?
-NSS5eh4h8U-01329-00423682-00423793 Yes, exactly.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01330-00423850-00424201 Mark: And in fact, there is a specific extra connection between
-NSS5eh4h8U-01331-00424204-00424863 Napier and William Jones, the linguistic whiz kid who came up with
-NSS5eh4h8U-01332-00424866-00425064 the idea of proto Indo European.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01333-00425085-00425611 Both Napier and Jones specifically reacted against the practice
-NSS5eh4h8U-01334-00425611-00426129 of the Sati,  the immolation of widows when their husbands died.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01335-00426198-00426854 And this is in the context of, for instance, Jones, trying to reconcile local
-NSS5eh4h8U-01336-00426854-00427280 customs and laws with British customs and laws and the difficulty of that
-NSS5eh4h8U-01337-00427330-00427669 and Napier said at one point "Be it so.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01338-00427720-00428072 This burning of widows is your custom; prepare the funeral pile.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01339-00428072-00428422 But   my nation has also a custom.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01340-00428422-00428771 When men burn women alive, we hang them and confiscate their property.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01341-00428795-00429189 My carpenters shall therefore erect gibbets on which to hang all
-NSS5eh4h8U-01342-00429189-00429429 concerned when the widow is consumed.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01343-00429432-00429720 Let us all act according to our national customs!"
-NSS5eh4h8U-01344-00429774-00430293 And apparently the practice they took the point and .  But that's kind of beside
-NSS5eh4h8U-01345-00430293-00431014 the point of this particular pun . When he annexed an area in what is now Pakistan
-NSS5eh4h8U-01346-00431059-00431566 , and he apparently did it without full authority to do so, but he was successful.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01347-00431566-00431713 So it was kind of all right in the end.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01348-00431724-00431774 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01349-00431793-00431871 Aven: Well, all right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01350-00431874-00431924 Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01351-00432025-00432215 Mark: the area which is called Sindh.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01352-00432242-00432389 S I N D H.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01353-00432389-00432639 And so there's one of those aspirated D's for you.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01354-00432639-00432674 Sindh.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01355-00432674-00432769 That Aven: we can't pronounce
-NSS5eh4h8U-01356-00432769-00432830 Mark: properly, yeah..
-NSS5eh4h8U-01357-00432917-00433340 He is meant to have sent back a report saying "peccavi".
-NSS5eh4h8U-01358-00433439-00433514 Aven: I have sinned
-NSS5eh4h8U-01359-00433571-00433787 Mark: sinned, as in S I N N E D.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01360-00433949-00434339 Aven: But he had also sinned by doing it without permission.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01361-00434354-00434404 Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01362-00434408-00434448 Mark: Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01363-00434448-00434559 He's done it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01364-00434559-00434651 Without permission
-NSS5eh4h8U-01365-00434734-00434945 He has sinned, he has Sindh.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01366-00434951-00435191 Yes, it's a pun on the words has as well.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01367-00435197-00435247 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01368-00435289-00435525 Unfortunately, this is apocryphal
-NSS5eh4h8U-01369-00435525-00435630 Aven: It's always apocryphal.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01370-00435630-00435777 They're always apocryphal when they're good.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01371-00435895-00435922 So
-NSS5eh4h8U-01372-00435922-00436228 Mark: it was, the joke was actually written by and they've been able to
-NSS5eh4h8U-01373-00436228-00436372 track down who did come up with it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01374-00436372-00436844 It's a woman named Catherine Winkworth who later went on to write hymns.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01375-00436864-00437191 She was 16 at the time though, that she came up with this and she sent it
-NSS5eh4h8U-01376-00437191-00437707 into Puck magazine and they printed it as if it were an actual report, but it
-NSS5eh4h8U-01377-00437707-00437869 was, it was so it was all just a joke.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01378-00437893-00438256 So in the end it turned out that  it wasn't actually Napier who punned it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01379-00438317-00438452 Aven: Oh, okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01380-00438452-00438533 I am going to hit you.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01381-00438632-00438917 You told me I was going to hit you when you told that who
-NSS5eh4h8U-01382-00438920-00439133 was a pundit,  he punned it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01383-00439405-00439558 Mark: That's commitment to a bit.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01384-00439561-00440074 I told that whole story about a pun  just, as a setup for my own pun.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01385-00440166-00440325 Aven: So, thanks for listening everyone.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01386-00440328-00440451 I think we're done here,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01387-00440551-00440677 Mark: those pundits, you know?
-NSS5eh4h8U-01388-00440734-00440779 Aven: Yeah. Okay.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01389-00440779-00440829 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01390-00440854-00440904 You've made it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01391-00440905-00441004 You don't need to keep talking about it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01392-00441097-00441147 We're done
-NSS5eh4h8U-01393-00441201-00441368 Mark: one last little tidbit.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01394-00441384-00441777 Speaking of Isidore, one other kind of interesting thing that came out
-NSS5eh4h8U-01395-00441777-00442286 of little kind of detail that came out of Isidore's  Etymologiae was
-NSS5eh4h8U-01396-00442293-00442560 what are referred to as T-O maps.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01397-00442565-00443216 This was how maps were kind of visualized in the middle ages in Christian Europe.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01398-00443243-00443772 As if you think of a circle, an O, with a T written through it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01399-00443772-00444245 So like one line that goes through the middle horizontally and then a
-NSS5eh4h8U-01400-00444245-00444728 sort of half line from the bottom to to the intersectional point.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01401-00444728-00444778 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01402-00444821-00445025 So it looks like a T inside an O.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01403-00445084-00445750 And you have, Asia is actually on the top, so they didn't have North as
-NSS5eh4h8U-01404-00445750-00445800 Aven: their
-NSS5eh4h8U-01405-00445882-00446062 Mark: up in, in medieval maps.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01406-00446089-00446254 It's always East is up.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01407-00446281-00446760 And so you have Asia and then you have the two sections below
-NSS5eh4h8U-01408-00446760-00446962 are Africa and Europe, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01409-00446981-00447341 And they thought of the world in terms of these three kind of regions.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01410-00447412-00447717 And the T-O map is based on Isidore's description of the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01411-00447717-00447849 world in the Etymologiae.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01412-00447875-00448051 So that is the source of that.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01413-00448051-00448402 And so if you ever look at medieval maps that's what you'll see.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01414-00448433-00448941 And I didn't talk about that in the video, but I did use the image of T-O
-NSS5eh4h8U-01415-00448941-00449429 maps ,particularly in, if you watch the video, it's the background is a T-O map.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01416-00449450-00449787 Aven: So it's sort of an Easter egg, I guess, cause you didn't explain it at all,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01417-00449787-00449975 Mark: I didn't explain it at all, but you know, it's Isidore.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01418-00449975-00450338 but you know, as I said, Isidore's book is really an encyclopedic work,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01419-00450341-00450669 so obviously it's going to have, you know, things like geography, geography.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01420-00450688-00450738 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01421-00450777-00451215 And speaking of encyclopedias, and I don't really have anything specific to say about
-NSS5eh4h8U-01422-00451215-00451577 this, but I just wanted to bring it up as a topic conversation, not just for,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01423-00451580-00451823 for us, but for you know, any listeners.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01424-00451866-00452336 But it just occurred to me when thinking of, you know, I know that linkages
-NSS5eh4h8U-01425-00452336-00452922 model of dialects with these complex networks It's similar to you know, the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01426-00452937-00453372 complex, interconnections that you see in encyclopedias, particularly if you
-NSS5eh4h8U-01427-00453372-00453597 think of something like Wikipedia, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01428-00453597-00453970 Which has these references to other Wikipedia entries.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01429-00453970-00454225 And so it forms this complicated network of things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01430-00454256-00454742 And one of the tools that I use it's really just a different
-NSS5eh4h8U-01431-00454742-00454950 front end for Wikipedia.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01432-00454978-00455299 It's called Wiki web, and it's an app iOS app.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01433-00455359-00455719 And it just allows you to, to look up Wikipedia pages.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01434-00455722-00456322 But when you click on a link in one entry, it will track  the path
-NSS5eh4h8U-01435-00456322-00456526 you took from the previous article.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01436-00456577-00456829 So it'll show the interconnection between those two articles.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01437-00456832-00457165 And then if you keep clicking, you end up building this complicated
-NSS5eh4h8U-01438-00457168-00457624 network of how all of these different Wikipedia articles are connected.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01439-00457675-00457999 So it's a good way of tracking your research if you're looking for
-NSS5eh4h8U-01440-00457999-00458224 interconnections between concepts.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01441-00458239-00458279 Right?
-NSS5eh4h8U-01442-00458279-00458429 So it's one thing that I use.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01443-00458446-00458979 There is also something called The Six Degrees of Wikipedia, which looks
-NSS5eh4h8U-01444-00458979-00459228 for the connection between any two
-NSS5eh4h8U-01445-00459303-00459514 Aven: random Wikipedia articles.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01446-00459516-00459570 Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01447-00459639-00460041 Mark: Which is actually usually not the most useful thing, because the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01448-00460041-00460443 shortest path between two things is not necessarily the most interesting path.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01449-00460445-00460727 Aven: Well, and there's some fairly basic things that probably turn
-NSS5eh4h8U-01450-00460727-00461148 up in almost every, with so many, Wikipedia articles, just really,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01451-00461148-00461259 isn't going to tell you very much.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01452-00461259-00461309 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01453-00461334-00461687 Mark: But every now and then, you know, I will check it and every now and then
-NSS5eh4h8U-01454-00461687-00461861 I come up with something surprising.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01455-00461864-00461906 Right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01456-00461906-00462287 If I think of two things that I think are not at all related and I put them
-NSS5eh4h8U-01457-00462287-00462683 in there and sometimes it will come up with an interesting path between them.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01458-00462707-00462757 Hmm.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01459-00462807-00463074 But you know, it's just a fun thing to play around with.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01460-00463182-00463857 And when I made this video originally this was around the time that, and
-NSS5eh4h8U-01461-00463857-00464052 I've mentioned James Burke before, but
-NSS5eh4h8U-01462-00464124-00464316 Aven: only once, twice, or 5 million times
-NSS5eh4h8U-01463-00464316-00464418 Mark: I haven't mentioned him recently.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01464-00464526-00464929 But it was around this time that there was a Kickstarter to create a
-NSS5eh4h8U-01465-00464935-00465247 sort of James Burke Connections app.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01466-00465299-00465560 That was there were various different plans.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01467-00465560-00466065 One was just, it was going to be again, a front end for wikipedia to show the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01468-00466068-00466454 connections between things, but there was also, you know, he'd been working on this
-NSS5eh4h8U-01469-00466454-00466869 thing called the Knowledge Web which again is, it was going to be this graphical
-NSS5eh4h8U-01470-00466873-00467151 connections between various things.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01471-00467169-00467524 And there was a sort of model of it that had been a limited model
-NSS5eh4h8U-01472-00467524-00467661 of it that had been created.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01473-00467661-00467780 And it's still online, but.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01474-00467794-00467902 To show, show this off.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01475-00467905-00468288 As far as I know all of this, went nowhere, which is a shame because
-NSS5eh4h8U-01476-00468288-00468396 I think it's really interesting.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01477-00468438-00468979 But that model of the knowledge web was done on a software called the
-NSS5eh4h8U-01478-00468979-00469390 Brain, which is the same software that I use to track my research.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01479-00469448-00470061 And now I have built up this, basically what it is is it's an etymological
-NSS5eh4h8U-01480-00470096-00470399 dictionary grafted onto an encyclopedia.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01481-00470408-00470485 Right, right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01482-00470485-00470642 So Isidore would be proud.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01483-00470679-00470811 So there are words,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01484-00470811-00470907 Aven: Proud but so confused.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01485-00470909-00470949 Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01486-00470949-00471060 So confused.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01487-00471120-00471573 Mark: So there are words in it and the etymologies are all traced back
-NSS5eh4h8U-01488-00471573-00471977 to whatever, from the English word to whatever, wherever it came from.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01489-00471989-00472385 But then those English words also point to concepts.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01490-00472407-00473028 So like a historical event or a historical figure or an abstract idea or whatever.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01491-00473048-00473705 And so it's sort of like a Wikipedia-like Encyclopedia of, things, but attached
-NSS5eh4h8U-01492-00473705-00473927 to an etymological dictionary.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01493-00473927-00474155 And so you can find these, that's how I find these loops.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01494-00474155-00474464 And that's how I sort of track all of these loops is by
-NSS5eh4h8U-01495-00474464-00474617 putting them into the brain.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01496-00474650-00475201 And it's gotten to the size that now I can use it to find things,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01497-00475204-00475456 Aven: because you put something every time you're doing research, this is
-NSS5eh4h8U-01498-00475456-00475627 where you store the research and you put
-NSS5eh4h8U-01499-00475627-00475939 Mark: all the notes and links and everything in, and then I
-NSS5eh4h8U-01500-00475939-00476251 can search it and find something that I didn't know was there.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01501-00476332-00476773 So it's sort of already containing more stuff than I can kind of keep in my head.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01502-00476818-00476884 Aven: It's your brain.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01503-00476893-00476931 Yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01504-00476931-00477291 and when it becomes self-aware, it will be the nerdiest machine
-NSS5eh4h8U-01505-00477291-00477396 that takes over the world,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01506-00477635-00478024 Mark: but I've often thought that it would be really neat to kind of
-NSS5eh4h8U-01507-00478024-00478435 make something like this available to people to make your "brain", to
-NSS5eh4h8U-01508-00478435-00478620 make my brain available to people.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01509-00478620-00478647 But.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01510-00478647-00479066 It would involve a bit more manpower than I, have available
-NSS5eh4h8U-01511-00479066-00479214 to me to put into the thing.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01512-00479226-00479400 So what we need is minions
-NSS5eh4h8U-01513-00479442-00479556 Aven: so many minions,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01514-00479596-00480031 Mark: Because you know, if you could produce a publicly publishable version
-NSS5eh4h8U-01515-00480031-00480526 of this thing people could go and go, go inside my brain and explore around
-NSS5eh4h8U-01516-00480629-00480845 Aven: and all they'd find would be pundits.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01517-00480945-00481107 Mark: Well, in the end, it turns out I punned it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01518-00481128-00481214 Oh God.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01519-00481356-00481406 Aven: All right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01520-00481446-00481509 Is this it?
-NSS5eh4h8U-01521-00481803-00482121 So yeah, if anyone, you know, has hours and hours of their life, they'd like to
-NSS5eh4h8U-01522-00482121-00482660 devote to completely just for the fun of it project and what not to do that for us.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01523-00482660-00482732 That'd be great.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01524-00482792-00482864 Get in touch.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01525-00482875-00483169 But in the meantime, you'll just use it for your research.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01526-00483177-00483227 Yes.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01527-00483231-00483536 And people can, the brain is an existing, you can,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01528-00483560-00483662 Mark: they can get the software.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01529-00483662-00483776 There's a free version of it.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01530-00483776-00483891 So you can build your own brain,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01531-00483891-00484002 Aven: Is it just brain.com
-NSS5eh4h8U-01532-00484080-00484190 ? Mark: Yeah, brain.com.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01533-00484253-00484310 So Aven: yeah.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01534-00484310-00484421 Great. Build your own brains.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01535-00484433-00484613 Build Mark: your own brain.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01536-00484625-00484673 Aven: All right.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01537-00484673-00485154 Well, thank you for listening to this very, very etymological
-NSS5eh4h8U-01538-00485156-00485374 episode of the Endless Knot.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01539-00485381-00485417 Thanks for
-NSS5eh4h8U-01540-00485417-00485467 Mark: listening.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01541-00485501-00485551 Bye-bye.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01542-00485649-00485838 For more information on this podcast.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01543-00485850-00486264 Check out our website, www.alliterative.net where you can find
-NSS5eh4h8U-01544-00486264-00486678 links to the videos, blog posts, sources, and credits, and all our contact info.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01545-00486722-00486962 And please check out our Patreon where you can pledge to support
-NSS5eh4h8U-01546-00486962-00487127 this show and our video project.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01547-00487133-00487583 You can go directly to the videos at youtube.com/alliterative
-NSS5eh4h8U-01548-00487619-00487856 Aven: our email is on the website, but the easiest way to
-NSS5eh4h8U-01549-00487856-00487991 get in touch with us is Twitter.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01550-00488020-00488270 I'm AvenSarah A V E N.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01551-00488284-00488437 S A R A H,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01552-00488462-00488570 Mark: and I'm Alliterative.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01553-00488608-00488905 To keep up with the podcast, subscribe on your favorite podcast
-NSS5eh4h8U-01554-00488905-00489073 app or to the feed on the website,
-NSS5eh4h8U-01555-00489094-00489370 Aven: and if you've enjoyed it, consider leaving us a review on Apple
-NSS5eh4h8U-01556-00489370-00489532 podcasts or wherever you listen.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01557-00489541-00489631 It helps us a lot.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01558-00489652-00489937 We'll be back soon with more musings about the connections around us.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01559-00489955-00490042 Thanks for listening.
-NSS5eh4h8U-01560-00490063-00490113 Mark: Bye.