YoRjzEnRcqu-00000-00000716-00000819 There is a saying
YoRjzEnRcqu-00001-00000947-00001075 What kind of person are you
YoRjzEnRcqu-00002-00001100-00001254 Will lead you to meet with different kind of person
YoRjzEnRcqu-00003-00001587-00001766 I think although it is not so absolute
YoRjzEnRcqu-00004-00001792-00001920 But it also make sense in the other way
YoRjzEnRcqu-00005-00002022-00002176 At least your excellent
YoRjzEnRcqu-00006-00002201-00002406 Your growth and your progress
YoRjzEnRcqu-00007-00002484-00002664 Will make you meet up
YoRjzEnRcqu-00008-00002688-00002740 A better person
YoRjzEnRcqu-00009-00003098-00003278 Are you willing to be such person?
YoRjzEnRcqu-00010-00003404-00004019 When you complain about life
YoRjzEnRcqu-00011-00004044-00004300 When complaining people around you are not good enough
YoRjzEnRcqu-00012-00004454-00004633 Should we also think about
YoRjzEnRcqu-00013-00004659-00005273 How good it is our-self. But the truth is we do not good enough.
YoRjzEnRcqu-00014-00005299-00005913 Things will prevent your life from progressing.
YoRjzEnRcqu-00015-00005939-00006553 If you never work hard to achieved it.
YoRjzEnRcqu-00016-00006580-00007202 If you work harder to build your carrier
YoRjzEnRcqu-00017-00007244-00007858 Will reap a better growth in life
YoRjzEnRcqu-00018-00007884-00008499 If you put in enough passionate life, it will definitely return you a better side
YoRjzEnRcqu-00019-00008524-00009139 Be yourself in love
YoRjzEnRcqu-00020-00009164-00009779 Bringing each other enough warmth and security will not have you tomorrow
YoRjzEnRcqu-00021-00009804-00010368 Only understand the meaning of hard work
YoRjzEnRcqu-00022-00010394-00010880 And the reason is constantly adjusting their status
YoRjzEnRcqu-00023-00010962-00011802 Know what you want and be willing to pay sweat and hard work
YoRjzEnRcqu-00024-00011827-00012441 Change yourself instead of complaining about the imperfections of life
YoRjzEnRcqu-00025-00012468-00013226 A better you should come now
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00000-00000045-00000176 Hey guys, so
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00001-00000176-00000360 I just got back from Mexico
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00002-00000360-00001784 and it was amazing, by the way.
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00003-00001784-00003351 The service
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00005-00007611-00008977 take 
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00006-00008977-00011539 small 
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00008-00014836-00015890 with  me
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00009-00015890-00017670 Mexico is a strange 
Y1lfAJBFMoy-00010-00017670-00017697 place
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00001-00000327-00000726 Let me introduce you a meal with a chewy texture!
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00002-00001114-00001513 Deep-fried pork ribs.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00003-00001874-00002273 It is the best as a snack for beer.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00004-00005008-00005407 Pork ribs
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00005-00005488-00005887 Wash the back  ribs in cold water while pressing.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00006-00006030-00006429 Soaking in water fot 1 hour is also good.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00007-00006788-00007186 Because we need to get rid  of the smell.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00008-00007627-00008026 Garlic/bay leaf
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00009-00008106-00008505 Add garlic and bay leaves and boil water.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00010-00008928-00009328 Boil ribs in boiling water for 5 mininutes.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00011-00011128-00011527 Wash the boiled meat again in cold water.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00012-00011902-00012302 3 tsp salt/1 tbsp sesame seeds
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00013-00012602-00013002 1 tbsp minced garlic/pepper
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00014-00013725-00014124 Add salt, sesame, pepper and garlic and mix.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00015-00017323-00017723 1 cup starch/1 cup water
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00016-00017878-00018277 Add 1 cup of water to 1 cup of starch and mix.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00017-00018987-00019387 After 10 minutes a layer is formed.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00018-00019715-00020114 Just dump the clear water on top.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00019-00021708-00022107 Add all the hardened dough and mix.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00020-00022361-00022761 Soju 1 tbsp
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00021-00023681-00024080 Cooking oil
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00022-00024308-00024705 Add cooking oil enough to submerge the back ribs in half.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00023-00025166-00025565 When the temperature rise moderately, fry it.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00024-00028858-00029257 I will also fry potato balls.
Y5pxweYLOzQ-00025-00034614-00035013 Enjoy with a cold beer.
Y9wE1zItU3y-00000-00001528-00002264 morning everybody we're to water friday today one of my all-time favorite shoes
Y9wE1zItU3y-00001-00002440-00002864 unfortunately we've got a bit of fog on us at the moment so we'll be half an hour before we
Y9wE1zItU3y-00002-00002864-00003536 get started hopefully it's going to clear up we're going to get started shoot what makes you happy
Y9wE1zItU3y-00003-00003536-00004264 don't be too easy pleased five wood cartridges only we do accept the game bar quad seals but no
Y9wE1zItU3y-00004-00004264-00004784 other type of uh biodegradable cartridge you stop overpowering these cartridges because the other
Y9wE1zItU3y-00005-00004784-00005280 day everyone through the [ __ ] middle up pattern you didn't miss them went through like that
Y9wE1zItU3y-00006-00005360-00005744 and then the dog came back and we thought it shot a rabbit but it was his teddy so
Y9wE1zItU3y-00007-00006032-00007184 after that he was away so on serious side no no fox's no ground game please just be sporting
Y9wE1zItU3y-00008-00007280-00007944 before we get into the film i would just like to tell you about young kieran a young lady was born
Y9wE1zItU3y-00009-00007944-00008528 and bred on the water prairie estate in this photo kieran shows the spoilers from his own little
Y9wE1zItU3y-00010-00008528-00009368 drive that he looks after he hatches them rears them looks after them throughout the season and
Y9wE1zItU3y-00011-00009368-00009968 of course enjoys the thrills of his labour even at the tender age of nine years old this young lad
Y9wE1zItU3y-00012-00009968-00010560 is a very successful countryman benefiting from being brought up in a loving caring environment
Y9wE1zItU3y-00013-00010672-00011320 amongst country folk who care about their kids and the role they lead in society for me
Y9wE1zItU3y-00014-00011384-00011760 there's no wrong with country folk thank you for listening
Y9wE1zItU3y-00015-00012064-00012688 first drive anyway we managed to get out to drive call ringlands just a nice steady start
Y9wE1zItU3y-00016-00012688-00013040 with some there will be some good birds on it though but nice to see
Y9wE1zItU3y-00017-00013208-00013960 the daughter at side and missing at the other side i'm squashed in the middle and if rachel's
Y9wE1zItU3y-00018-00013960-00015584 on form she'll be giving him no danger about that so i'll have to have my wits about we're here
Y9wE1zItU3y-00019-00016736-00018384 uh all right
Y9wE1zItU3y-00020-00019112-00019784 so
Y9wE1zItU3y-00021-00021928-00022584 so
Y9wE1zItU3y-00022-00024992-00025568 fantastic drive that one is awesome superb yeah there were plenty of after reigns really well a
Y9wE1zItU3y-00023-00025568-00026152 lot of good good stuff there yeah racial shot well yeah well yeah steven shot a little side
Y9wE1zItU3y-00024-00026152-00026792 of me as well and yeah one two three went all good yeah what are you using the new crotch seal here
Y9wE1zItU3y-00025-00026792-00027239 yeah i'm on a quad seal today again yeah yeah fantastic how are you finding them good very
Y9wE1zItU3y-00026-00027239-00027656 good yeah i'm going to just use it all the time i just saw some cars and when you look at the
Y9wE1zItU3y-00027-00027656-00028183 operation if johnny just swings the camera around you're the amount of people that's employed here
Y9wE1zItU3y-00028-00028480-00029152 unbelievable pick is up beaters yeah it's unreal and it's unbelievable yeah
Y9wE1zItU3y-00029-00029280-00029952 everybody's men children women everybody thank you very much frank unreal that and there was some
Y9wE1zItU3y-00030-00029952-00030639 i know we've come here to get to dodge the fog but i'd gladly and i would i would be pleased to shoot
Y9wE1zItU3y-00031-00030639-00031032 these all day it's unreal there was some fantastic birds here but i think the wind's got them up
Y9wE1zItU3y-00032-00031032-00031464 a little bit better as well aren't they it's a sportsman's drive yes you don't have to shoot yeah
Y9wE1zItU3y-00033-00031464-00031944 at the lower one that's right there's nice ones to kill that's yeah good enough yeah yeah yeah
Y9wE1zItU3y-00034-00031944-00032360 well we're just on about your your conservation program look at you know when you're looking
Y9wE1zItU3y-00035-00032360-00032744 in the sky there's also birds of prey here and you're fitted all that in you in the estate in
Y9wE1zItU3y-00036-00032744-00033352 the program now you know it's and besides all the birds of prey that you go yeah the amount
Y9wE1zItU3y-00037-00033352-00033912 of finches and wildlife that there's an abundance that these big commercial stats is unreal isn't it
Y9wE1zItU3y-00038-00033912-00034360 you know yeah it is we're the biggest biggest bird table in england we look at it yeah we're actually
Y9wE1zItU3y-00039-00034440-00034848 what they've got to realize as well now i mean the birds of prayer really have exploded but it
Y9wE1zItU3y-00040-00034848-00035416 is down to game shooting exactly you'll go from al-samir you maybe see a pair but yeah you'll see
Y9wE1zItU3y-00041-00035416-00036072 50 60 pairs yeah if these estates close down these birds of prey won't exist they'll go back to
Y9wE1zItU3y-00042-00036160-00036648 30 they'll go back 30 years because they ain't enough to feed them on it's just as simple as that
Y9wE1zItU3y-00043-00037352-00037984 did you see that i stand there
Y9wE1zItU3y-00044-00039952-00040448 on the second drive now 30 acre belt it's called we've uh we've just hung back a
Y9wE1zItU3y-00045-00040448-00041008 little bit while the fog blows out got a bit of breeze on here so but it is drifting in and out
Y9wE1zItU3y-00046-00041008-00042184 but 30 acre belt is a very good drive so we should see some nice birds here
Y9wE1zItU3y-00047-00043136-00043584 oh look at that pocket
Y9wE1zItU3y-00048-00044440-00044984 so
Y9wE1zItU3y-00049-00048320-00049184 m3s
Y9wE1zItU3y-00050-00051264-00052288 well what a drive never never ever fails to to come through this drivers and water power
Y9wE1zItU3y-00051-00052288-00052752 itself it's above and beyond expectations every time you come here it's fantastic
Y9wE1zItU3y-00052-00052879-00053688 nell and jali yeah are already now 78 still in the field still keeping healthy
Y9wE1zItU3y-00053-00053688-00054088 and been coming here since he started coming here he started coming here when he retired
Y9wE1zItU3y-00054-00054184-00054800 it keeps you going good lad yeah that's what we like to say everybody involved at water priory
Y9wE1zItU3y-00055-00054991-00055520 there's some good birds there though so many shots we were shooting some mario good luck over there
Y9wE1zItU3y-00056-00055696-00056184 yeah we got plenty of shielding yeah
Y9wE1zItU3y-00057-00057496-00057960 missing behind he was willing to make a deal across this young boy sleeping feathers and
Y9wE1zItU3y-00058-00057960-00058400 shooting hearts they sat down there on his shoe steak said boy let me tell you what
Y9wE1zItU3y-00059-00058400-00058848 but i guess you didn't know it but i'm a pheasant shoe too and if you care to take
Y9wE1zItU3y-00060-00058848-00060384 my dare i'll make tibet with you he said now you shoot pretty good specimen foreign
Y9wE1zItU3y-00061-00061120-00061784 is
Y9wE1zItU3y-00062-00062855-00063160 oh blue dave hung his head cause he knew that he'd been beat
Y9wE1zItU3y-00063-00063160-00063672 and he laid that golden miracle on the ground at ab speed just come on back
Y9wE1zItU3y-00064-00063672-00064584 if you don't want to try again told you once you son of a gun i'm the best it's ever been
Y9wE1zItU3y-00065-00067120-00067384 you're out here
Y9wE1zItU3y-00066-00067768-00068784 is
Y9wE1zItU3y-00067-00075296-00076000 what a brilliant day nice to be back at warsaw and see some stunning birds again well done brian
Y9wE1zItU3y-00068-00076104-00076552 well that concludes another great family deer water priory a bit of gut
Y9wE1zItU3y-00069-00076552-00077184 crack with some fantastic birds and with some fantastic shooting to match from all the team
Y9wE1zItU3y-00070-00077304-00077576 thanks very much for watching have a great season
Y9wE1zItU3y-00071-00077720-00078408 oh and before i forget the water priority chartered clay days are back next year maybe
Y9wE1zItU3y-00072-00078408-00079008 may or june but i will keep you informed and up to date when all the dates are confirmed
Y9wE1zItU3y-00073-00079176-00079816 this is one of my favorite charity shoots and here is a small clip of what will be on offer
Y9wE1zItU3y-00074-00079984-00081384 make sure you book as soon as you get confirmation as the tables will go quite quickly
Y9wE1zItU3y-00075-00083672-00083680 you
YqZjqLtki84-00000-00000000-00000200 May reset
YrkppBK-dpy-00000-00000130-00000609 In this video, we share a fellow sufferer’s recovery experience because it contains lessons
YrkppBK-dpy-00001-00000609-00001100 that all of us can learn from.
YrkppBK-dpy-00002-00001100-00001200 Hi.
YrkppBK-dpy-00003-00001200-00001441 I’m Lynette from PanicAttackRecovery.com.
YrkppBK-dpy-00004-00001441-00001961 We’re a collaboration of former sufferers helping people with panic attacks, stress,
YrkppBK-dpy-00005-00001961-00002716 anxiety, depression, and ADHD, so they can express their true competencies in life.
YrkppBK-dpy-00006-00002716-00003216 Since we only provide solutions that have been personally used and approved by sufferers
YrkppBK-dpy-00007-00003216-00003771 of anxiety and ADHD, we thought it would be helpful to share a fellow sufferer’s recovery
YrkppBK-dpy-00008-00003771-00003994 experience with anxiety.
YrkppBK-dpy-00009-00003994-00004350 To make the process easier, we will call this person John.
YrkppBK-dpy-00010-00004350-00004916 Prior to coming down with anxiety and panic attacks and agoraphobia, John did not take
YrkppBK-dpy-00011-00004916-00005080 care of himself.
YrkppBK-dpy-00012-00005080-00005285 He was in a job that he didn’t like.
YrkppBK-dpy-00013-00005285-00005878 He didn’t have patience or interest in natural stress reduction techniques and no immediate
YrkppBK-dpy-00014-00005878-00006069 interest in exercise.
YrkppBK-dpy-00015-00006069-00006764 Although he always told himself that he should exercise and watch his diet, this never really
YrkppBK-dpy-00016-00006764-00006979 came to fruition.
YrkppBK-dpy-00017-00006979-00007503 When John started having panic attacks, he became quite concerned about what was wrong
YrkppBK-dpy-00018-00007503-00007606 with him.
YrkppBK-dpy-00019-00007606-00008282 Despite being checked out several times by different doctors, he still felt that there
YrkppBK-dpy-00020-00008282-00008648 must really be something wrong, physically.
YrkppBK-dpy-00021-00008648-00009207 Right there and then John made the decision to try and give up his bad habits, face his
YrkppBK-dpy-00022-00009207-00009575 anxiety and start taking care of his health.
YrkppBK-dpy-00023-00009575-00010227 Now it was very hard for him to give up his bad habits…but on the other hand, John felt
YrkppBK-dpy-00024-00010227-00010790 that he had no choice but to address his health, in order to lessen his anxiety.
YrkppBK-dpy-00025-00010790-00011413 As it turned out, this was one of the things that turned the corner for John: taking up
YrkppBK-dpy-00026-00011413-00011642 a healthier lifestyle.
YrkppBK-dpy-00027-00011642-00012200 John reports that he became interested in various forms of wellness and how these things
YrkppBK-dpy-00028-00012200-00012850 could be pleasurable but still healthy – such as healthy recipes and relaxation exercises
YrkppBK-dpy-00029-00012850-00013041 such as hypnosis, etc.
YrkppBK-dpy-00030-00013041-00013765 By making small but healthy changes, John began losing weight, feeling more energetic
YrkppBK-dpy-00031-00013765-00014076 and generally more positive and confident.
YrkppBK-dpy-00032-00014076-00014506 You too can feel better by making small changes.
YrkppBK-dpy-00033-00014506-00015012 For instance, beginning to look at a healthier diet, starting to do some regular exercise
YrkppBK-dpy-00034-00015012-00015252 such as walking, swimming, etc.
YrkppBK-dpy-00035-00015252-00015968 Dr. Colin Ross, psychiatrist discusses studies which have demonstrated that completing activities
YrkppBK-dpy-00036-00015968-00016679 as simple as push-ups, healthy eating, etc., can not only benefit one’s physical health
YrkppBK-dpy-00037-00016679-00016937 but also their mental health.
YrkppBK-dpy-00038-00016937-00017391 You may be thinking that it is simply too hard to worry about wellness because you are
YrkppBK-dpy-00039-00017391-00017771 so preoccupied by your panic attacks and anxiety.
YrkppBK-dpy-00040-00017771-00018464 But the truth is: taking these types of steps for your overall health is exactly what can
YrkppBK-dpy-00041-00018464-00018564 be helpful for you.
YrkppBK-dpy-00042-00018564-00018886 Thank you for watching this video.
YrkppBK-dpy-00043-00018886-00019444 To make sure that you don’t miss out on any of our content, please click on the card
YrkppBK-dpy-00044-00019444-00019976 on the upper right corner of this video and subscribe to our free newsletter.
YrkppBK-dpy-00045-00019976-00020530 As usual, we look forward to presenting a new video in our series next week.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00000-00000681-00001750 In climate change science, policy, and carbon management, the term “carbon dioxide equivalent”
YwdWmcTgwWy-00001-00001750-00002247 or “CO2e” is used by experts and policy makers a lot.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00002-00002247-00002574 So, what does it mean?
YwdWmcTgwWy-00003-00002574-00003009 Before we answer that, let’s consider an analogy:
YwdWmcTgwWy-00004-00003009-00003482 Imagine you get home from a round-the-world holiday, and at the bottom of your bag you
YwdWmcTgwWy-00005-00003482-00004148 find one U.S dollar, 1000 Indian rupees, and 100 euros.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00006-00004148-00004466 What is the combined value of this money?
YwdWmcTgwWy-00007-00004466-00004961 Obviously, you can’t add the three different currencies together.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00008-00004961-00005653 So you first convert all three values into a common denomination - let’s say, U.S dollars
YwdWmcTgwWy-00009-00005653-00005885 - using exchange rates.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00010-00005885-00006250 Then they can be summed together to give a single value.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00011-00006250-00006600 This same idea applies to greenhouse gases.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00012-00006600-00007310 There are many gases that have a global warming impact, including carbon dioxide, methane,
YwdWmcTgwWy-00013-00007310-00007989 nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, perfluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00014-00007989-00008514 These are emitted by both natural and anthropogenic sources.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00015-00008514-00009190 Anthropogenic sources include fossil fuel combustion - for example, in cars - agriculture,
YwdWmcTgwWy-00016-00009190-00009485 landfills and air conditioners, among others.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00017-00009485-00009997 Each greenhouse gas traps heat in the atmosphere at different rates, and they also have different
YwdWmcTgwWy-00018-00009997-00010138 atmospheric lifetimes.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00019-00010138-00010782 For example, methane has a lifetime of around twelve years, while nitrous oxide stays in
YwdWmcTgwWy-00020-00010782-00011331 the atmosphere for ten times longer, at 121 years.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00021-00011331-00011807 This leaves us with the classic problem of comparing “apples to oranges”.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00022-00011807-00012318 In order to make meaningful comparisons between different gases, and calculate their combined
YwdWmcTgwWy-00023-00012318-00012913 global warming effect we need to come up with a common unit of measurement.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00024-00012913-00013490 The same way we converted all our currencies into US Dollars, we convert all of our greenhouse
YwdWmcTgwWy-00025-00013490-00014026 gas emissions into one common unit: “tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent”, which is
YwdWmcTgwWy-00026-00014026-00014366 commonly expressed as tonnes of CO2e.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00027-00014366-00014959 Essentially, scientists use carbon dioxide as a benchmark for measuring the heat-trapping
YwdWmcTgwWy-00028-00014959-00015282 ability of other greenhouse gases.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00029-00015282-00015794 To convert the other greenhouse gases into carbon dioxide equivalents, we multiply the
YwdWmcTgwWy-00030-00015794-00016442 mass of emissions by the appropriate “global warming potential”, or “GWP”.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00031-00016442-00016976 “Global Warming Potential” represents the relative warming effect of a unit mass
YwdWmcTgwWy-00032-00016976-00017665 of the gas when compared with the same mass of carbon dioxide over a specific time period.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00033-00017665-00018179 This is commonly 20 or 100 years.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00034-00018179-00018696 Specifying the time period is important, to address the different atmospheric lifetimes
YwdWmcTgwWy-00035-00018696-00018963 of the different greenhouse gases.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00036-00018963-00019432 Global warming potentials are published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
YwdWmcTgwWy-00037-00019432-00019929 and recognised by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00038-00019929-00020570 Here you can see the Global Warming Potentials of several gases for a 100-year time period.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00039-00020570-00021140 Methane, for example, has a Global Warming Potential of 28.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00040-00021140-00021801 That means one tonne of methane is equivalent to 28 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00041-00021801-00022501 So if 1,000 tonnes of methane are generated annually by a landfill site, this is equal
YwdWmcTgwWy-00042-00022501-00022985 to 28,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, or “CO2e.”
YwdWmcTgwWy-00043-00022985-00023465 We’ve established that not all greenhouse gases are created equal.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00044-00023465-00024195 But, by using “tonnes of CO2e” we have a common unit that we can use.
YwdWmcTgwWy-00045-00024195-00024748 This allows us to measure and compare different greenhouse gases, and understand their combined
YwdWmcTgwWy-00046-00024748-00024901 impact on climate change.
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00000-00000085-00000429 hello, friends welcome to the creation of broadcaster speech
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00001-00000622-00000822 What will is an open source software?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00002-00000867-00001059 cooperating a website
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00003-00001059-00001376 Having a website has various advantages quality to faculty
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00004-00001441-00002202 It will help to share the study materials for the students, also it will have to process the students are providing activities and assignments
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00005-00002365-00002759 in this session, we will go through the steps for creating of a page
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00006-00002842-00003314 Customizing your site create a blog host creating a, menu or a ghost
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00007-00003405-00003605 reordering or menu
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00008-00003714-00003864 To, begin with
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00009-00003864-00004064 Let us go for the wordpress
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00010-00004071-00004736 Web page so under the google i have typed the word press here you can go for create. Your, own. Website a
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00011-00004998-00005627 Web page will be opened wherein you're getting an option to get started the song get started
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00012-00006205-00006429 So here it shows our?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00013-00006480-00006664 one of the three steps
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00014-00006664-00007259 Varying you can, complete the process of plating your, web page so you have certain next steps now
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00015-00007259-00007883 You, have write the name of your site, what for it is used. And what are the primary goals of your website
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00016-00007942-00008364 so if you just continue we'll have to give the name, we have to select the name and
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00017-00008446-00008918 Some easy, three steps are there to be followed now, what shall i do is i will just open up?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00018-00008918-00009221 My, site and login you to my, site, which i've already created
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00019-00009411-00009662 now this is the site which is being created, by me
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00020-00009727-00010422 Now as i said earlier i will just go through, some simple things, where in just some few things wherein
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00021-00010461-00011009 We can, create or update of our websites so in this page, which has been created
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00022-00011010-00011397 By, me you hannah if you have an option of my, sites click on my sites
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00023-00011454-00011654 So here you have a popular, menu
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00024-00011697-00012200 you can just see here it is showing the name of the user so this is
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00025-00012250-00012806 My, name followed with this is my webpage address. Palomita, my, name wordpress.com
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00026-00012867-00013112 So here you can, add the sites rocks
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00027-00013168-00013847 Media and we can do the comments. Customize the theme saya so on now the simpler thing is let us see how
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00028-00013847-00014126 To, add the block so this is one of the blog, which is present here?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00029-00014131-00014805 And the name ict have given the name ict i've given, some message here let, me see how to show
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00030-00014805-00015143 You, how to do this one so here work of rock posts
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00031-00015853-00016374 So here these are all some of the box, which already have been regenerated if i want to add a
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00032-00016374-00016574 New, block click on add button?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00033-00016789-00016989 So here have to type the title
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00034-00017389-00017630 We'll just use something fun title as an example
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00035-00018187-00018387 So this is a title of my block
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00036-00018445-00018645 Now here we are having?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00037-00018736-00019272 Different options like i can, add the content from somewhere that is i can import the contents from the other
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00038-00019390-00019848 Sources or again, copy the paragraph here you can just see that you have, some options
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00039-00019912-00020178 Which are present in your microsoft word which is well known
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00040-00020178-00020489 By all, also we can, add a link, we can insert a link
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00041-00020527-00021161 From the outer sources in your sister from your system and so on and also you can go for the html
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00042-00021211-00021638 View so just i will start i can just type, some information
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00043-00021691-00021891 like, we
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00044-00024124-00024651 So this is the message would have typed, so after typing this i can just preview
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00045-00024673-00024920 My, block how it appears on my
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00046-00024967-00025296 Site here so just now i created this
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00047-00025333-00025920 Block and this is a way how it is going to up here so once i do this i have now, previewed?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00048-00025920-00026183 My, site and you can just see the other sites
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00049-00026183-00026979 Also, present here the other boxes represent here so once you preview. If you're satisfied this close here and go for publish
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00050-00027052-00027470 So it asks whether, we have to publish immediately or and whether it's a public or me
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00051-00027477-00028164 We have to probably publish it publicly so i just say i want to publish it immediately just move on publishing
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00052-00028639-00029048 So now you can just see that it has been published now here
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00053-00029185-00029720 The next thing, what we can, do here is i will show. You one of the, main things
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00054-00029875-00029989 wherein
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00055-00029989-00030308 You can, go for again, and just go for my sites
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00056-00030370-00030541 if i want to
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00057-00030541-00030669 customize the themes i can
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00058-00030669-00031304 Do it here or if i want to i we let us go for this add the media this add the media is one option?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00059-00031381-00031476 Wherein you can
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00060-00031476-00032139 go For addition of the hospitals in your website so go for add media here it is
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00061-00032173-00032345 giving the option of you can
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00062-00032345-00032804 Add the images documents videos audios etc now let us
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00063-00032851-00033236 Take an example i want to add some file and this book or add new?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00064-00033496-00034077 Now it gives you water is the thing you want to add here so i'll just go for
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00065-00034204-00034404 some material here i
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00066-00034612-00034932 Want to add some ppt here, so i'm just saying open
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00067-00035098-00035360 So this is the material, which is now getting added?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00068-00035600-00036276 So in this way i can, add the material i can get the material from the resources available in your system
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00069-00036329-00036618 This can, be saved and can be used for the later use
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00070-00036713-00036875 the next
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00071-00036875-00037345 We'll just go for a very important one that is how, we are going to create your
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00072-00037345-00037653 own menus so to do that this copy were
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00073-00037859-00038073 website here
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00074-00038252-00038764 And just go for wp. Dash admin
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00075-00039110-00039327 so this opens, your dashboard
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00076-00039464-00039708 This, is the dashboard of your website so
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00077-00039764-00040371 Here you have a menu of the options, again, you can view your posts whatever you have done you can leave your
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00078-00040372-00040842 Media from the library as i have done just now you can go for inserting the links you can
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00079-00040843-00041451 Go, for inserting the pages and so on i will go now or go through the details about the appearance of how
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00080-00041452-00041914 We are going to have your, web page so just click on our appearance button here
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00081-00042050-00042558 So you have many of the options under this appearance the first one is themes so i can
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00082-00042559-00042945 go, for changing of the themes of my, web page i can, customize
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00083-00042997-00043560 My, web page i can, add some widgets to the, web page here let, me go for this one how
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00084-00043561-00044176 To, add the menus to your, web page so just click on menu so these are all the means this is the mini structure
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00085-00044176-00044375 Which is already present for my website
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00086-00044375-00044889 Now if i suppose, want to add a new one then i can go for create a, new, menu?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00087-00045002-00045232 So let us create a, new, menu i can just
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00088-00045316-00045621 Select it to be the i can just go for
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00089-00045701-00046128 Free as the menu name here let, me take it iit
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00090-00046325-00046957 Iit moonray so new, menu no it's a great venue a. New, menu will, now be created?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00091-00047288-00048033 So if i want to add the pages are can it ability added to the top level now if i just will save you all
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00092-00048113-00048370 So here you will be able to see my
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00093-00048458-00048590 Newly added
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00094-00048590-00048865 after i save this, menu i can, view that
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00095-00049766-00050524 So this is how, we are going to add the menus now how, you can, reorder the menus i can just go for
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00096-00050681-00050992 So this is my present, menu i can, reorder the?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00097-00051116-00051538 Structured list menu no suppose you can the stops over here this is nptel and
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00098-00051614-00052206 I, want to make this next one as a sub item of this nptel then i can just drag this
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00099-00052259-00052909 So if i drag this end that live under this then it is shown as a sub item for this nptel
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00100-00053258-00053458 Eunice a may if i want to
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00101-00053504-00053657 Make, this
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00102-00053657-00054147 Menu to be at the top i can just drag it and bring it at the top of your
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00103-00054182-00054573 Menu and once i do this i'll have to save the menu
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00104-00055439-00055849 so once it is saved it shows that it has been updated i
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00105-00055863-00056338 Can just walk on my sites and again leave the changes changes whatever has been
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00106-00056441-00056641 present in here
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00107-00057176-00057556 So within this see here earlier this was at the bottom now
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00108-00057556-00057934 We have able to see to your observe it here and i have added up
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00109-00058025-00058381 Nptel one item for the same weekend which is also shown here?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00110-00058613-00059296 So now once after going through a mini structure and additional nation of convenience let, me just plug in go for, my sites and
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00111-00059351-00059776 I now i can show. You how, to add the different site pages
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00112-00060275-00060586 So in if i want these are all my presents pages
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00113-00060605-00061186 Which i have already created if i want to add a. New page i can just go for click add on the site pages
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00114-00061248-00061489 Again i can, give the topic
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00115-00061935-00062174 Here and i can, add some?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00116-00062306-00063004 Content from out the media i am now, adding the content from the media so just this is one of the content
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00117-00063004-00063170 Which i want to add?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00118-00063170-00063454 So here go for insert
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00119-00063527-00063727 So this will be inserted in your
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00120-00063747-00064354 Or title under this the title int so now i can just go for the previewing of this page
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00121-00064463-00064663 so once i preview, this page
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00122-00064674-00065059 So you can just see here int is one of the page or a
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00123-00065060-00065423 Site, which have created and this is the content that, what i am?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00124-00065487-00065734 Added for this so now, we find it that is it's the link?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00125-00065735-00066029 Which is present from the medium no?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00126-00066029-00066530 Media, which is available so if i just click on this the information is going to up here here
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00127-00066908-00067201 So here, we have the information, which, we can open?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00128-00067501-00067739 So this is the information, which has been opened here
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00129-00068296-00068496 now, again i can just
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00130-00068539-00069153 As i'm satisfied with, this if i'm satisfied with this and i just close this and i'll go for publish
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00131-00069235-00069648 So, again i can just i won't immediately publish or, also again
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00132-00069670-00069870 Schedule this for the different dates
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00133-00069892-00069942 suppose
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00134-00069942-00070695 i Want to publish it on 30th you can just click here otherwise i mean this book or publish immediately so that will be again published
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00135-00071341-00071870 So once it is published i can, visit the site so here i am able to view this page
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00136-00072307-00072533 Again if i can go for the visit site
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00137-00072694-00073307 So this is my site so under my sites again, the same where you have as, well they explain, how
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00138-00073308-00073719 To, add the block i have explained how, to add the media and also we can, give the comments
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00139-00073753-00073962 Which is already present and i can update that?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00140-00074020-00074384 Suppose i want to again, update this, my page iit
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00141-00074626-00074826 In just go for this
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00142-00075292-00075492 Again if i add see?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00143-00075556-00075751 Earlier it was showing the?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00144-00075751-00076461 Thing here the tab has published title as it's a present page it the next time whenever you keep on adding the things here
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00145-00076461-00076661 We just fierce as update
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00146-00076705-00076995 So, we have to update the page and again close
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00147-00077218-00077850 So this is how, we okay you can update your present pages or, also you can, add other new, pages if i just?
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00148-00077944-00078144 go, to, my, site and
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00149-00078214-00078414 if i say view site
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00150-00078460-00078660 It shows, my present page
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00151-00078712-00079344 So friends whatever are options i have explained are very few, from the available, many such options in the wordpress
Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00152-00079411-00079916 Learners can, explore these options and enhance their skills regarding the wordpress thank you
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00000-00000502-00000717 Hello everybody!
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00001-00000717-00001173 This video will show you how to create an Oracle VirtualBox virtual machine, and how
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00002-00001173-00001723 to recover data from a virtual disk of such machine after a failure or when the virtual
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00003-00001723-00001889 machine can’t start.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00004-00001889-00002300 In order to create a virtual machine: • Install and run Oracle VirtualBox.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00005-00002300-00002578 Its official webpage: https://www.virtualbox.org/
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00006-00002578-00003061 • Click the New button in the toolbar at the top of the window.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00007-00003061-00003460 • In the wizard window, enter the name of the new virtual machine.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00008-00003460-00003756 • The operating system type that you are going to install.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00009-00003756-00003976 • In our case, that is Microsoft Windows.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00010-00003976-00004478 Version - Windows 10 64-bit • Please note that you can install onto
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00011-00004478-00004886 your virtual machine not only Windows, but also other operating systems, including Linux.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00012-00004886-00005389 • Next • Assign the memory size you’d like to
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00013-00005389-00005581 give this virtual machine.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00014-00005581-00005773 It is recommended to have at least 2 Gb.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00015-00005773-00006376 • I allocate 4 Gb because my computer has 8Gb of memory installed.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00016-00006376-00006931 To make sure the virtual machine is not going to be too hard for your PC to handle, I recommend
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00017-00006931-00007568 setting its memory size at no more than 50% of the actual memory available.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00018-00007568-00007943 • Next • Select settings for the hard disk of the
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00019-00007943-00008081 virtual machine.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00020-00008081-00008403 You can create a new one or connect an existing one.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00021-00008403-00008932 • I select Create a new virtual hard disk • Create
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00022-00008932-00009357 • In the next window, select the virtual hard disk type.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00023-00009357-00009893 By the way, there is also an Expert mode button, clicking on which you can access more hard
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00024-00009893-00010040 disk settings.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00025-00010040-00010685 Now let’s get back to virtual disk types: A user can choose the disk format for the
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00026-00010685-00010875 machine being created.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00027-00010875-00011067 By default, it is VDI.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00028-00011067-00011460 If you don’t need to use the disk with other software virtualization products, you can
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00029-00011460-00011685 leave this setting as it is.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00030-00011685-00012160 But if you expect to use this disk with other virtual machines, please remember that:
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00031-00012160-00012588 • VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image) is a disk format compatible with Oracle VirtualBox;
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00032-00012588-00013075 • VMDK (Virtual Machine Disk) is a disk format compatible with VMware Workstation;
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00033-00013075-00013618 • VHD, VHDX (Virtual Hard Disk) is compatible with Microsoft Hyper-V;
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00034-00013618-00013926 • HDD (Parallels Hard Disk) is a Parallels disk format;
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00035-00013926-00014199 • QED (QEMU enhanced disk) is the format for QEMU/KVM;
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00036-00014199-00014640 • QCOW (QEMU Copy-On-Write) is the format for QEMU (qcow2).
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00037-00014640-00015062 • In this window, you can also set the size of the disk you are creating.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00038-00015062-00015208 The size can be anything you like.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00039-00015208-00015679 But it’s better to have at least 30 Gb, and make sure that your hard disk still has
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00040-00015679-00015987 enough space after you create the virtual machine.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00041-00015987-00016416 That is because your virtual machine may become larger in the course of work.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00042-00016416-00016723 • You can also choose the format: dynamically allocated or fixed-size.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00043-00016723-00017311 Dynamically allocated option is more efficient in terms of saving hard disk space, as such
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00044-00017311-00017755 virtual disk will grow when more data is saved there.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00045-00017755-00017856 • Next
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00046-00017856-00018273 The virtual machine is created and we can see it in the list on the left.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00047-00018273-00018572 All of its settings are shown on the right.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00048-00018572-00019030 • Run the virtual machine by clicking on Start, shown as a green arrow in the toolbar.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00049-00019030-00019422 • As our virtual machine has no operating system installed, we have to show the path
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00050-00019422-00019575 to the installation disk.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00051-00019575-00020163 By default, it is the CD/DVD drive - in our case, disk D. However, by clicking on this
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00052-00020163-00020658 icon - a folder with a green arrow - you can change the path and select an ISO image or
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00053-00020658-00020806 a USB drive instead.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00054-00020806-00021337 Watch another video on our channel to see how to create a bootable USB drive to install
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00055-00021337-00021554 Windows; find the link in the description.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00056-00021554-00022061 • I specify the path to the ISO image I have prepared beforehand.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00057-00022061-00022425 • Next • After that, Windows installation starts.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00058-00022425-00022868 Installing Windows on an Oracle VirtualBox virtual machine is similar to making a clean
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00059-00022868-00023161 installation on a desktop or laptop computer.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00060-00023161-00023429 That is why I won’t go into details.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00061-00023429-00023884 Watch another video by our channel to see how to make a clean installation of Windows.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00062-00023884-00024308 You will find the link in the description.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00063-00024308-00024768 After the operating system is installed, you will have another (that is, virtual) operating
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00064-00024768-00025175 system that works inside the operating system of your computer.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00065-00025175-00025816 All files of this operating system (both system files and user files) are stored on the computer’s
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00066-00025816-00025916 hard disk.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00067-00025916-00026699 By default, this folder is named VirtualBox VMs and can be found here:
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00068-00026699-00027202 C:\Users\UserName\VirtualBox VMs Note: you can change location of the virtual
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00069-00027202-00027487 machines folder in the program settings if necessary.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00070-00027487-00028458 To do it, go to File / Preferences / General and specify the folder you want to place virtual
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00071-00028458-00028683 machines in.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00072-00028683-00029088 The main files of an Oracle VM VirtualBox virtual machine are as follows:
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00073-00029088-00029725 • *.vbox – a settings file describing the virtual machine and its settings;
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00074-00029725-00030469 • And actually the virtual machine disk image file - *.vdi (or *.vmdk, *.vhd, *.vhdx,
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00075-00030469-00031058 *.hdd, *.qed, *.qcow, depending on the format of the virtual disk that you have selected
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00076-00031058-00031264 during installation).
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00077-00031264-00031689 While the virtual machine is running, the program can create additional files or folders
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00078-00031689-00032043 if necessary: • Logs – the folder containing virtual
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00079-00032043-00032452 machine log files; • Snapshots – the folder containing virtual
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00080-00032452-00032903 machine snapshot files (images of the virtual machine condition).
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00081-00032903-00033366 In this video, I want to show you one trick, just in case if for some reason your virtual
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00082-00033366-00033719 machine is no longer working, and there are important files on its disks.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00083-00033719-00033960 I will show you how to recover them.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00084-00033960-00034581 Though Oracle VirtualBox is a virtual machine, real data can be saved there.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00085-00034581-00035123 As we have already said, all files stored in virtual machine disks are located in .vdi
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00086-00035123-00035383 files of the virtual disk (in our case).
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00087-00035383-00035800 Hetman Partition Recovery, the program for hard disk data recovery, has the function
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00088-00035800-00036233 of mounting virtual disks and recovering data from such disks.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00089-00036233-00036828 You can download Hetman Partition Recovery here.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00090-00036828-00037086 In order to get access to virtual machine files:
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00091-00037086-00037186 1.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00092-00037186-00037488 Run Hetman Partition Recovery and mount the virtual machine disk.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00093-00037488-00037962 If there are several of them, you can mount them all at once or one by one.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00094-00037962-00038506  To mount a virtual disk with the help of Hetman Partition Recovery, click on Mount
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00095-00038506-00038788 Disk in the quick access menu of the program.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00096-00038788-00039128 As a result, the window of choosing a virtual disk will open.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00097-00039128-00039579  Go to the folder containing the virtual machine and choose the necessary virtual disk
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00098-00039579-00039680 file.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00099-00039680-00039781  Open
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00100-00039781-00039882 2.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00101-00039882-00040337 As you do that, the section “Mounted Disks” containing the list of mounted virtual disks
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00102-00040337-00040834 will appear in the window, where all disks found by the application are shown.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00103-00040834-00041209 If you mount several disks, you will see the entire disk list there.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00104-00041209-00041309 3.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00105-00041309-00041680 Scan the disk with the application by clicking on the disk in the disk manager
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00106-00041680-00041780 4.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00107-00041780-00042211 After the analysis, the application will show the directory tree of the scanned disk.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00108-00042211-00042311 5.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00109-00042311-00042747 Find and recover the necessary files to a convenient location in your main operating
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00110-00042747-00042847 system.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00111-00042847-00043273 By the way, you can use this method to move files from a virtual machine disk to the main
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00112-00043273-00043457 operating system.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00113-00043457-00043975 The methods we have described for recovering data of an Oracle VM VirtualBox virtual machine
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00114-00043975-00044609 are good for virtual machine regardless of their virtual disk format: *.vdi, *.vmdk,
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00115-00044609-00045313 *.vhd, *.vhdx, *.hdd, *.qed, *.qcow and they will be absolutely similar for all of these
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00116-00045313-00045491 virtual disk formats.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00117-00045491-00045947 In this video, we have used the *.vdi virtual disk format as an example.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00118-00045947-00046524 I also recommend watching our previous videos on VMWare Workstation and Microsoft Hyper-V
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00119-00046524-00046882 virtual machines; you can find the links in the description of this video.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00120-00046882-00046982 How to create a VMWare virtual machine and recover data from a VMDK disk with VMFS.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00121-00046982-00047082 How to create a Microsoft Hyper V virtual machine and recover data from a VHDX disk.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00122-00047082-00047182 That is all for now.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00123-00047182-00047525 If you liked this video, click the Like button below and subscribe to our channel to see
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00124-00047525-00047625 more.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00125-00047625-00047866 We’ll be glad to answer any questions in comments.
Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00126-00047866-00048018 Thank you for watching and good luck!
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00000-00001211-00001832 Cholesterol builds up in our lonely blood cell cancer
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00001-00001832-00002511 Oh yes, when atherosclerosis
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00002-00002511-00003384 The diameter of the blood vessel is 2 how much I give it to me
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00003-00003384-00003985 Oh no first
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00004-00003985-00005103 Yes, you can see a so-called moon-night heart attack and myocardial infarction if you grow up with less trouble.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00005-00005103-00006051 He asked how he was treating the accumulated cholesterol now.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00006-00006051-00006693 Oh, I just did System 2 and I drank much like this
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00007-00006693-00007466 Now, I’m using that stent to treat my daughter first.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00008-00007720-00008582 Yes, this is a blood vessel like this, but Yanggwa will cut a blood vessel here to show my hair
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00009-00008582-00009473 Well, what's in here right now is 100 million won
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00010-00009473-00010214 No, the blood vessel wall is now the normal blood vessel wall, but what happened here
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00011-00010214-00011365 It’s like this because it’s piled up.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00012-00011365-00012400 At that time, I’m getting taller here and it’s a big deal.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00013-00012400-00013618 What can you see here? Yes, this is an example of a bite pattern with a very strong plus c tick
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00014-00013618-00014353 There's no water now and that spell goes to the surface of the push tick pouch
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00015-00014353-00014947 There are things like this
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00016-00014947-00015763 Oh, if you break up like this, it will be like this.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00017-00015763-00016969 Uh, what are you doing right now, is it dangerous in this narrowed state?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00018-00016969-00018091 So, if it’s narrowed like this and it’s not oily, if you eat it while watching the fried pork belly
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00019-00018091-00018978 Ah everyone, as you know, the rain is sticky.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00020-00018978-00019784 Oh, and in that case, in some cases,
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00021-00019895-00020651 It’s a normal healthy Sull tube. The blood vessels have three layers.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00022-00020651-00021731 Next to the network of blood vessels, the middle membrane is now the muscle layer. Because of the muscular spine, the blood vessels may stretch.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00023-00021731-00022790 Uh ah, you can contract like this, and that's it. Next, this is the 5th layer of e.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00024-00022790-00023822 Inje, I don’t do that exercise, I eat a lot of meat in the Halle store, and the curls dori is uh
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00025-00023822-00024820 There is no vegetarian intention. Everyone, when you eat like this now, it’s caught from the outside, and the status of access is given and calligraphy
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00026-00024973-00026295 So, by the way, when I get stressed out and active oxygen plays a role again, the sound piles up evenly
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00027-00026295-00027301 It's cheap, and in some cases, it's like something pops up in between.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00028-00027301-00028306 If it changes, there is something like this sticky rice cake on the muui, and it bursts
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00029-00028306-00029323 As you come out so tightly, this is where you come out and block the blood vessels like an i5 de chudo pipe
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00030-00029323-00030522 I hung this blood clot on this blood clot. Oh, so I give it the meaning of such a stopper
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00031-00030522-00031557 In the fire hydrant, water comes out to turn off the multi-purpose fire. So this is what causes blood vessels to be blocked.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00032-00031557-00032114 If I leave it to you, now a little serious
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00033-00032114-00033162 So yes, blood doesn't go through the heart, so the heart trembles and in some cases the heart stops
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00034-00033162-00033568 Oh, it’s the case of going to
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00035-00033568-00034236 Oh so now so this is alcohol ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00036-00034387-00035548 This is called vascular thrombosis. It means that it will be blocked.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00037-00035548-00036618 A friendly dog's tone is produced, and if it is a member of this kind, it is called a cerebral infarction.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00038-00036671-00037930 Now, now, how can I treat the atherosclerosis process like this?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00039-00038028-00038955 Now take the transfer from the outside through this blue tube
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00040-00038966-00039972 Oh, the times and the pressure of the water are staffed. Then, the water of the plastic order becomes scientific disgust.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00041-00039972-00040519 Yes, then what will happen
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00042-00040519-00041250 Yes 242, how to forcefully confirm it
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00043-00041262-00041681 Then what would it sound like
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00044-00041725-00042804 Kindness From now on, the law is amazing, but I don’t even need this one. I don’t check me as it expands.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00045-00042804-00043561 So, there is also 10 o'clock in the tattered node, so the load screen to be loaded is less load 2
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00046-00043561-00044215 If the emotion to turn on gets tattered, it will stick to the node and block the three blood vessels.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00047-00044215-00044896 Oh here, if you're a nice guy with a so-called stent,
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00048-00044896-00045781 It's like a device announcement, so when you open it and make it at baud rate.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00049-00045781-00046467 2 2 incision not wind
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00050-00046555-00047180 If the hill is like this, the hands are uh
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00051-00047180-00048224 In order to get a highway, I put this part of the road name. Then what should I do?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00052-00048224-00048950 How can I get rid of the advantage? What do you think if you cut it off?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00053-00048950-00049873 There is something like that cliff in the distance, then I need to fight to live here.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00054-00050090-00050828 Yesterday, this is a road and what should I do here?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00055-00050859-00051975 Cuckoo pointed out, right, oh oh oh, what to do later, how do you take the wire mesh ah, don't roll it down
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00056-00051975-00052958 Yes, you know, so now
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00057-00052958-00053351 But when this happens
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00058-00053379-00054573 This narrowing, the old blood vessels widen, and I don’t know how cool it is.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00059-00054573-00055125 It’s frustrating. It’s musical.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00060-00055125-00056010 The first oxygen is not supplied enough, but if you do this,
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00061-00056010-00056408 Yes zea
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00062-00056408-00057301 Then, this is called a cure. Then, after treating it like this,
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00063-00057362-00057912 I was cured
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00064-00057912-00059384 Why do it Yes Oh, I just painted it like this and kept doing it like in the old days.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00065-00059482-00060511 The query shot here is also a child. You know, so human treatment is really pathetic.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00066-00060511-00061410 You know, this time, that is, the water news is also on the homepage.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00067-00061498-00062313 I had a kidney transplant, but it got worse again.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00068-00062313-00063363 Also, the kidney has been damaged since hemodialysis. He is doing hemodialysis again.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00069-00063363-00064233 No, but now that I have a kidney transplant, what do I have to keep eating
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00070-00064233-00064926 North American girls and their own immunosuppressants gathered, so Kisha Po keeps being suppressed and soccer
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00071-00064926-00066261 So, I have thyroid cancer again now, and there is no principle in the treatment of modern medicine.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00072-00066261-00066668 Uh one 7 what is it
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00073-00066695-00067652 I have to check you in Won. So, oh and uh, 4 people
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00074-00067652-00068493 It takes life to turn it back on. Oh, there is a principle like this.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00075-00068493-00068696 uh
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00076-00068761-00069979 So now, but then, how can I heal it?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00077-00069979-00070982 Oh, what will happen to healing If you follow the skills you have learned until many times
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00078-00070982-00071693 Is the answer behind the news start once low?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00079-00071693-00072581 Uh then uh When you do a new start, the saying that it's going to be low is another word, what do you mean?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00080-00072581-00073577 In order to be able to fly, there is a pro g, that is, God's rule point & type is wide
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00081-00073577-00074842 Then what came out that created that nomadic mascar What u have created a gene that produces a certain substance
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00082-00074927-00075454 Right now, the problem is raising this core.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00083-00075607-00076523 It’s a filter sound. This is a problem.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00084-00076523-00077658 I prepared, but what kind of material this gene is not going to be really good at.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00085-00077772-00078781 Sell ​​5 5 Even if I don't do this, what do I do?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00086-00078781-00080095 It’s called balloon angio flush t, but you don’t have to do this again
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00087-00080095-00080950 God has prepared everything so that it can be erased, so Newsta Bon Dodge
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00088-00080950-00082291 Oh, then, the gene was made into our hepatocyte neo gene.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00089-00082291-00082704 What material can I produce
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00090-00082833-00084187 That’s right, cholesterol is a man who makes a gene to produce a substance that dissolves it.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00091-00084187-00084760 So if you study genetic mutation in this medicine,
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00092-00084760-00085902 God knows that we will get cancer. God knows that we will get cancer.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00093-00085902-00086565 By eating the mungu and piling up Paul s, the arterial reinforcement was created.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00094-00086565-00087491 What else is it even though I know that there will be an inner book in the blood
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00095-00087491-00088537 It is also called a gene that produces a substance that releases cholesterol.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00096-00088572-00089324 4 Yes, so scientists have
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00097-00089324-00090506 If there is a gene in the moky substance, then that substance would be produced in our body.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00098-00090506-00092073 That's why people shouldn't eat the pork belly even if they eat it for the first time.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00099-00092073-00092698 Kraken
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00100-00092888-00093610 If God is so, the story is so piled up again
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00101-00094030-00095056 The reason why I felt that the blood vessels drawn by water could not be eaten in the case of arteries like this was
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00102-00095056-00095803 How do you put that cholesterol in the enchanted substance?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00103-00095803-00096528 Because I give you the pearl s taboo with so much sun
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00104-00096551-00098007 The bias is that every pair of Sota personality islands does not melt and die
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00105-00098013-00099419 Uh 4 3 It's been nurturing and the marketplaces are too much food, too.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00106-00099419-00100866 If the substance that releases cholesterol is not well blocked, what is the case when the substance is not produced by such a walk.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00107-00100866-00101105 Case
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00108-00101243-00101881 That's right, because the user's gene is turned off
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00109-00101998-00103229 It was amazing. Then that big soup was stressed out and it resulted in a problem in our mind.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00110-00103229-00103861 Yes so ah uh
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00111-00103861-00105176 It’s actually cancerous that we also have various diseases. From how young
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00112-00105176-00106480 Ah, I left you suffering from a skin disease That pain, itching, something like this, this question, what, what, what, what, what, what 2
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00113-00106480-00107444 If two minutes are good enough, then Earl does not close a few Shim Jae-hoon and sleep.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00114-00107444-00108760 Maybe your mind will work. Yes, be like this. So what, so, what is that substance?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00115-00108760-00109549 They traced ah, and then they name the rice
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00116-00109550-00109900 This tax cut is already alive, but 4
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00117-00109900-00110894 2 heel yes high bench ty to open
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00118-00110894-00112432 If this water tooth is produced in the liver, you can play with the 2 hd led in the blood and shake it off and do not open the blood vessels.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00119-00112432-00112840 It also softens
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00120-00112918-00113496 So there's no martial arts, so I've met something
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00121-00113496-00114198 Turning on only the gene and only the three generations Today, you only need an electronic sign.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00122-00114198-00114508 Not the courier theme
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00123-00114517-00115894 That's right, if you've learned this much from newsstarts, from now on I'll call Park Cha-sama because I'm using Dr.’s adoption plan.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00124-00115894-00116741 Don’t you know 1 Or what disease will humans get
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00125-00116741-00118166 How do you pretend it all in advance, and prepare everything so that even when you get sick, you can be healed again.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00126-00118166-00118417 indeed
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00127-00118540-00119634 So ah yeah ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00128-00119634-00120445 Take a 100m gap and take a lecture that is as large as a day.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00129-00120445-00121953 Yes, that’s why I have to boast unconditionally to the village of Big Ah, not the conditional God I have learned up to this time.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00130-00121953-00122967 Oh so ah now, really sleep so we were
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00131-00122967-00123525 Ah, the sense of inje hymn is still
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00132-00123525-00124701 There is a beaver who only listens, yeah, how do you know what works better than listening?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00133-00124701-00125764 Now, sometimes, sometimes, ah ah ah ah ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00134-00125764-00127051 I have to laugh, but now that I’m talking like this, I have to do this.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00135-00127051-00127760 Yeah ah uh uh what did you think so
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00136-00128256-00128735 Come out and say a word
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00137-00128735-00129998 How did you have your thoughts Yes, yes, so yes, but what is that
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00138-00130050-00130944 Oh, especially the 5 I did, I don't want to write o I'm actively thinking like this
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00139-00130944-00131703 Oh, that’s why it’s because of drinking water.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00140-00131703-00132424 Chop it up, let's do that
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00141-00132424-00133606 I prophesied by knowing the reason that I turned on me the other day before, without harming others and doing no harm to others in the tree
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00142-00133606-00134728 It is informative why it is informative according to folks ah we laugh when endorphins are chansu no t bus
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00143-00134728-00135217 Yes, then laughter and
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00144-00135217-00136060 What always turns on the gene covered by him? It really happens together.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00145-00136060-00136990 So ah, when endorphins come out, they laugh and uh and uh and cry again
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00146-00136990-00138010 It’s like this. So, when endorphins are produced, I laughed immediately.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00147-00138010-00138252 5 uh
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00148-00138278-00139049 Come a little bit, oh, I listened and later laughed more and later I got 100 laws
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00149-00139049-00140597 Oh this is why, when I have a nose, I barely feel sad, so how the endorphin gene turns on more and raises it, so I get more and sell it in this correlation
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00150-00140597-00141568 Because in many cases, it hurts even if it is funny
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00151-00141594-00142241 Everyone in the afterlife is my high genetic laugh, it looks like we are
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00152-00142280-00143150 First of all, let’s write it down and eat it the other day as usual on the day for it.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00153-00143150-00144423 So this genetic turn on, and I don’t want to, and I don’t feel like wearing clothes
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00154-00144423-00145470 I overcame the tingling feelings and getting rid of the tinglingness
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00155-00145470-00146249 I want to do genes enough to overcome I want to change the vitality
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00156-00146249-00147092 Adam couldn't do 10 Yes, wait for the 1 sound source to choose it.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00157-00147092-00148408 Uh, only veins, so I make that choice boldly, how do I get through the mugwort?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00158-00148408-00150405 Then, who is the one who hinders, blocks, and blocks my choices with the mugwort that hinders me from making such powerful bold choices?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00159-00150405-00151041 I don’t care about that. So the pressure doesn’t even wear this note as a hostel
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00160-00151041-00152347 Somehow, among the words that the division uses, what is the most frequently used word?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00161-00152347-00152898 Isn't the hostel hot?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00162-00152898-00154022 Oh, it’s not all. Oh, what other people said, here we are, let’s eat.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00163-00154022-00154943 In fact, because I’m not there, I’m singing
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00164-00154943-00155783 Why don't you look so terribly weird? Why do you go without a line?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00165-00155783-00156818 So if you are the most uncomfortable with the eyes of others and the route is too much, then there is a good number
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00166-00156818-00157447 Take out the phone and take it 2 ah ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00167-00157744-00158269 Oh yes, I can’t actually do that every day, so I learned from him
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00168-00158269-00159388 I decided to use the thickness of the hemp for 2 minutes. Originally, I will always be round without coming.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00169-00159388-00159943 9194 adverb
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00170-00159943-00161371 I regret something too much. Oh, when I was able to live happily, I got cancer and I saw that I lived that way.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00171-00161371-00161962 Take it off and like this
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00172-00161962-00162564 Oh, please call a lot of you from the temple today
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00173-00162580-00163693 So, yes, my teacher tells me that I am reducing this to 7
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00174-00163693-00165093 Ah, now I can fly, but if I choose this powerfully, I couldn't digest it so much, so I have to eat 2000 wheat rice
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00175-00165093-00165783 I have no choice but to eat rice, and Kai is suffering from my mother.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00176-00165783-00166247 Oh so this
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00177-00166247-00166986 It's 1 and I'm just talking Busan
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00178-00166986-00167688 saw lf yes so 2
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00179-00167688-00167924 so
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00180-00167949-00168912 Oh, yes, I regret that so much.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00181-00168912-00170117 Oh, I'm going to open up with a smile. Oh, so, why don't you wear makeup?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00182-00170117-00171080 I've only done it for a week, and if I do it for a week, there are people who laugh
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00183-00171090-00172572 Yeah that's because i tried it, well i don't laugh at all because when i was young some very miserable event couldn't give birth to
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00184-00172572-00173286 So, all of the genes are turned off, it hurts all the time.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00185-00173286-00174159 And even if you just talk in front of people like this, you're not welcome.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00186-00174159-00175016 My 4 legs asked for walnuts in case my name would come out if the teacher asked for loyalty.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00187-00175016-00175412 That's an example
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00188-00175530-00176102 Oh so one day with me
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00189-00176113-00176835 Oh, do you have a compartment in your heart?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00190-00176835-00177392 Im not tongue ah i 4
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00191-00177392-00178147 I just risk my life and what?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00192-00178147-00179354 So what's the first thing I've wanted to do so far is to laugh Oh stick to that Sorry, what should I do?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00193-00179354-00180004 So, it sticks to it and spreads it all further
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00194-00180054-00180734 I can’t even laugh out loud, so it’s an expression
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00195-00181017-00181698 Everyone, that's when I took a group photo when I was in junior high school.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00196-00181698-00182508 Looking at that, does my face just eat breakfast?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00197-00182529-00182744 What
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00198-00182886-00184059 So let’s laugh So this face smiles, but Do’s face smiles.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00199-00184059-00184847 I’m using it when I use it. I don’t buy it.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00200-00184847-00185340 Yes, it’s easy to do this
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00201-00185425-00185942 So I look in that mirror too
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00202-00185942-00186666 It was that the face of the child for her was a face that couldn't come.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00203-00186666-00187372 So 4 yeah ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00204-00187372-00187647 Because
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00205-00187653-00188069 Oh what
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00206-00188211-00188667 Yes what to empty
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00207-00188716-00189625 First of all, I didn't know why, but even though it was so, I took it as a dorm and practiced
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00208-00189625-00190608 Close the window, and chip and nobody's gone.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00209-00190608-00191515 A little bit or total novelty, you're gonna do it anyway
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00210-00191616-00192590 owa nothing, your sound doesn't come from outside, it's everywhere ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00211-00192590-00192926 I'll fly inside
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00212-00192971-00193538 It's us, did I realize the important truth then
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00213-00193538-00194284 What's wrong
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00214-00194352-00195175 Laughing and failing 5 20 selected everyday phrases that prevent you from laughing
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00215-00195175-00195901 5239, the two of us who have lived until this time in the past, can't help but write ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00216-00195901-00197479 Oh well, this is a great enemy that our Doctor of Philosophy puts it so that I can't sleep.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00217-00197479-00198015 2 I was in the second year of middle school at that time
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00218-00198015-00198326 I thank you two
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00219-00198533-00199180 You don’t remember much, you can’t live without a night boat
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00220-00199216-00199608 That example is cut off
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00221-00199652-00200326 One of two people is just the building's yeah uh
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00222-00200333-00201157 Aired as a country that formed many people without cigarettes
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00223-00201165-00201743 Moan is not big or it is 1
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00224-00201800-00202511 That’s why all of us live, so the Bible says
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00225-00202511-00203399 I said yes people that old days when I did something cheap in cigarettes and then did this next
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00226-00203399-00204677 However, the day when the unconditional window of life Holy Spirit entered and finally began to be formed, he is a new person.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00227-00204677-00206329 Uh, it’s my heart because a person has been created in the car where those three people weren't there. So I’m born. That’s why I’m born again.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00228-00206471-00207551 Yeah go do it uh this is the naga that keeps me from making such a change
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00229-00207552-00208134 So how did I taste this guy 10 shots
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00230-00208134-00209433 Okay, somehow, my Hario and health shaki quiet business feet rolled and attached all the time
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00231-00209515-00210315 It will be that 1 1 7 It is obvious, so from then on you will hear that sound
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00232-00210438-00210950 I don't have a week's banner with the deal.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00233-00210986-00211919 Now I have to go to school, look for a tool, look for a product, give me a different face, braid ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00234-00211919-00212235 Your expression will be sweet
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00235-00212241-00212978 It's just the next step.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00236-00212978-00213596 But the form huh ah ah ah skin again
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00237-00213596-00214232 Shiga Shiga so that contraction and struggle of people
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00238-00214282-00214923 I walk in two on the words of the evil spirit that keeps my heart from getting sick
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00239-00214934-00215727 Yes, back then, I saw that it was a requirement and didn't know its existence.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00240-00215727-00216155 The Yoo that sin experiences
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00241-00216263-00217504 Another week after it was drawn, I went to school and went to school and went to school.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00242-00217600-00218533 Then, air, as you are so excited, what am I changing now?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00243-00218533-00219119 As I set my goal, I'm getting closer to the goal right now
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00244-00219142-00219721 Then, I now know that summer c
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00245-00219721-00220865 Then, I decided on a goal to fill in during the vacation. You know what the parents’ ticket is.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00246-00220865-00221527 Will you be sure 4 to do without a great goal
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00247-00221527-00222267 Well, that’s why, now we’re in Ulsan, our mother’s house.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00248-00222267-00222810 The value 5 will have in the middle
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00249-00222810-00223878 For the first time inje ah, now it's loudly excellent
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00250-00223906-00224502 That's the time, that's the 10
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00251-00224553-00225078 I'll buy 13-year-old fruit
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00252-00225196-00225757 1,900 50 7 years
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00253-00225757-00226632 So in 1957, laughter therapy began in Ulsan, Korea.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00254-00226748-00227231 Ah ah ah ah he's the aid of laughter therapy
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00255-00227231-00227442 Yes
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00256-00227473-00228439 That’s why ah ah ah ah I feel like I'm changing the waist
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00257-00228573-00229456 But that’s what it’s like every day.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00258-00229456-00230348 Hey, it’s really from Wonsan to Sanwoolim, so my voice comes back, but it’s so amazing
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00259-00230437-00231427 With a deal, vacation is over, but it's school, just like you started school.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00260-00231427-00232540 Some teacher came in and said very, very, very, very mature, so what’s the frozen class?
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00261-00232540-00233388 Well, I'm going to get a union pavel for surprise and fun
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00262-00233394-00233784 Who will succeed
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00263-00233825-00234396 Oh, be the one with the loudest laughter
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00264-00234778-00235456 What is Sang-gu in 1
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00265-00235456-00237121 As a result of setting the car goal, step by step cancer step by step, we call the news start to you.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00266-00237316-00238015 And whether there are many comments that the body is weak,
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00267-00238015-00238992 He doesn’t have any jig ratings. My sand is 82.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00268-00239128-00240294 That’s why everyone is scared of ruin. Yes, please come in and win the fund.
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00269-00240294-00241178 [music]
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00270-00241410-00241928 Ah ah ah
Yzw_PPLJkvu-00271-00242042-00242377 [music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00000-00000000-00000200 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00001-00000200-00000400 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00002-00000400-00000600 Foreign language 
YD0KTobrfzk-00003-00000600-00000800 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00004-00000800-00001000 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00005-00001000-00001200 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00006-00001200-00001400 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00007-00001400-00001600 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00008-00001600-00001800 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00009-00001800-00002000 [Music]
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YD0KTobrfzk-00011-00002200-00002400 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00012-00002400-00002600 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00013-00002600-00002800 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00014-00002800-00003000 [Music]
YD0KTobrfzk-00015-00003000-00003200 [Music]
YH1QzvlA_uY-00000-00000000-00000200 This video shows Jetpack Joyride in vertical.
YHiKeBlwEu8-00000-00000000-00000176 Durham Competition "Craig Kielburger Spartans"
YHiKeBlwEu8-00001-00002912-00003064 4992 with the Red.
YHiKeBlwEu8-00002-00003096-00003690 69 and 3683 are making things happen for the red alliance
YHiKeBlwEu8-00003-00003720-00004110 There is no sitting down and there is no standing still
YHiKeBlwEu8-00004-00004216-00004512 4992 is receiving one of the gears
YHiKeBlwEu8-00005-00004532-00004804 4992 is on the backside over there
YHiKeBlwEu8-00006-00004804-00004994 The Pilots are getting anxious
YHiKeBlwEu8-00007-00005026-00005242 they want to get these rotors happening
YHiKeBlwEu8-00008-00005242-00005394 and they want to get them moving
YHiKeBlwEu8-00009-00005458-00005682 We're getting close to 50 seconds
YHiKeBlwEu8-00010-00005700-00005948 there is 5 points these alliances
YHiKeBlwEu8-00011-00005948-00006096 and anything can happen
YHiKeBlwEu8-00012-00006136-00006448 We've got takeoff over here from 4992
YHiKeBlwEu8-00013-00006558-00006880 4992 is on that baseline
YHiKeBlwEu8-00014-00006904-00007138 and they are beneath the airship
YHiKeBlwEu8-00015-00007268-00007668 4992 spinning their wheels with their jig in the middle here
YHiKeBlwEu8-00016-00007712-00008095 that's 4992 and 1305 picking up fuel
YHiKeBlwEu8-00017-00008116-00008404 and they are headed towards the boiler area
YHiKeBlwEu8-00018-00008404-00008566 lets see if they can make their mark
YHiKeBlwEu8-00019-00008738-00008932 and the pilots are up top
YHiKeBlwEu8-00020-00008938-00009146 and they are waiting patiently
YHiKeBlwEu8-00021-00009242-00009528 and the ships have left the airport
YItKHtMz0iy-00000-00000006-00000344 Your class uses an Open Educational Resources textbook!
YItKHtMz0iy-00001-00000344-00000750 That’s awesome because OER textbooks are often free and easier to access because they
YItKHtMz0iy-00002-00000750-00000993 are under a creative commons license.
YItKHtMz0iy-00003-00000993-00001511 Creative Commons is a license that can apply to photographs, films, websites, and yes even
YItKHtMz0iy-00004-00001511-00001641 textbooks!
YItKHtMz0iy-00005-00001641-00002090 It means that the person who made it still has copyright ownership, but they’ve chosen
YItKHtMz0iy-00006-00002090-00002557 to make it sharable and easy to reproduce without copyright infringement.
YItKHtMz0iy-00007-00002557-00003078 The one requirement for using any creative commons material is attribution.
YItKHtMz0iy-00008-00003078-00003495 As a student, you’ve probably already heard of attribution because when you cite your
YItKHtMz0iy-00009-00003495-00004085 source, you’re doing the same thing, giving credit to the creator.
YItKHtMz0iy-00010-00004085-00004576 While there is a helpful online form that helps you create attribution for creative
YItKHtMz0iy-00011-00004576-00005072 commons materials, that is intended for giving the author credit when sharing a creative
YItKHtMz0iy-00012-00005072-00005322 commons work in an online format such as… in a blog post, on social media, in an email,
YItKHtMz0iy-00013-00005322-00005422 or on a website.
YItKHtMz0iy-00014-00005422-00005844 But when we give credit to a creative commons source in an academic paper, we must use the
YItKHtMz0iy-00015-00005844-00006226 citation method that is required by the instructor and applicable for the assignment.
YItKHtMz0iy-00016-00006226-00006461 Let’s talk about APA citations for creative commons works.
YItKHtMz0iy-00017-00006461-00006561 We’re going to start with the citation for an online ebook since the OER book we’re
YItKHtMz0iy-00018-00006561-00006661 using is essentially an ebook as well.
YItKHtMz0iy-00019-00006661-00007067 In APA we always cite the author’s full last name followed by a comma, then their
YItKHtMz0iy-00020-00007067-00007259 first initial.
YItKHtMz0iy-00021-00007259-00007643 When your source doesn’t have an author, we will move the title to the beginning of
YItKHtMz0iy-00022-00007643-00007765 the citation like this.
YItKHtMz0iy-00023-00007765-00007865 Communication in the Real World: An Introduction to Communication Studies
YItKHtMz0iy-00024-00007865-00008021 Your title should be italicized.
YItKHtMz0iy-00025-00008021-00008522 Capitalize the first letter in all the major words along with the first word of the title
YItKHtMz0iy-00026-00008522-00008775 and the subtitle.
YItKHtMz0iy-00027-00008775-00009352 Words like “in”, “the”, or “and” should be lowercase.
YItKHtMz0iy-00028-00009352-00009836 Add the publication year in parentheses after the title.
YItKHtMz0iy-00029-00009836-00009936 There should be a period after this.
YItKHtMz0iy-00030-00009936-00010036 (2016.)
YItKHtMz0iy-00031-00010036-00010431 Add the publisher name but leave out the words publishers, co, or inc.
YItKHtMz0iy-00032-00010431-00010531 If it has the words books or press, you’ll leave those in.
YItKHtMz0iy-00033-00010531-00010959 In our case, University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, we’ll leave out the word Publishing.
YItKHtMz0iy-00034-00010959-00011059 University of Minnesota Libraries
YItKHtMz0iy-00035-00011059-00011390 Finally, we’ll add the URL where we found the source.
YItKHtMz0iy-00036-00011390-00011734 If you are redirected to a new URL, use the final URL. https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/.
YItKHtMz0iy-00037-00011734-00012345 When you quote or paraphrase a source, you’ll need to use an in-text citation.
YItKHtMz0iy-00038-00012345-00012881 For a source without an author we use the first one or two words in parentheses then
YItKHtMz0iy-00039-00012881-00013151 a comma, and then the year.
YItKHtMz0iy-00040-00013151-00013472 Since we’re using a book, our title is in italics.
YItKHtMz0iy-00041-00013472-00013676 Ready for the MLA version?
YItKHtMz0iy-00042-00013676-00014022 Full author names should be listed with the last name first.
YItKHtMz0iy-00043-00014022-00014369 And we’ll skip this since ours doesn’t have an author.
YItKHtMz0iy-00044-00014369-00014584 Your title should be italicized.
YItKHtMz0iy-00045-00014584-00015115 Capitalize the first letter in all the major words along with the first word of the title
YItKHtMz0iy-00046-00015115-00015315 and the subtitle.
YItKHtMz0iy-00047-00015315-00015763 Words like “in”, “the”, or “and” should be lowercase.
YItKHtMz0iy-00048-00015763-00016104 Communication in the Real World: An Introduction to Communication Studies
YItKHtMz0iy-00049-00016104-00016562 We’ll add the name of the publisher as well and omit any words that mean company such
YItKHtMz0iy-00050-00016562-00016933 as incorporated, limited, corporation, and company.
YItKHtMz0iy-00051-00016933-00017170 That means we leave in the word Publishing this time.
YItKHtMz0iy-00052-00017170-00017486 University of Minnesota Libraries, Add a comma after the publisher and then add
YItKHtMz0iy-00053-00017486-00017601 the published year.
YItKHtMz0iy-00054-00017601-00017701 2016,
YItKHtMz0iy-00055-00017701-00017954 Add the URL where we found the source.
YItKHtMz0iy-00056-00017954-00018223 If you are redirected, use the final URL
YItKHtMz0iy-00057-00018223-00018323 https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/.
YItKHtMz0iy-00058-00018323-00018707 Finally, we’ll add the date of access to the very end with a period after that.
YItKHtMz0iy-00059-00018707-00018807 Accessed 17 Aug. 2021.
YItKHtMz0iy-00060-00018807-00019400 An in-text citation for MLA also comes after the quote and before the punctuation.
YItKHtMz0iy-00061-00019400-00019854 We'll use a shortened version of the title since we have no author.
YItKHtMz0iy-00062-00019854-00020187 We italicize the title since it's a book.
YItKHtMz0iy-00063-00020187-00020753 If you have questions about creating accurate citations, plagiarism, or accessing online
YItKHtMz0iy-00064-00020753-00021357 textbooks, contact the librarians through the library website at library.shoreline.edu
YLGa13pd5Oo-00000-00000010-00000056 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS
YLGa13pd5Oo-00001-00000056-00000063 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00002-00000063-00000230 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME
YLGa13pd5Oo-00003-00000230-00000236 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00004-00000236-00000393 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME TIME NEXT SPRING.
YLGa13pd5Oo-00005-00000393-00000400 EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME TIME NEXT SPRING.  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00006-00000400-00000523 EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME TIME NEXT SPRING. >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL
YLGa13pd5Oo-00007-00000523-00000530 TIME NEXT SPRING. >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00008-00000530-00000630 TIME NEXT SPRING. >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED
YLGa13pd5Oo-00009-00000630-00000637 >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00010-00000637-00000750 >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN
YLGa13pd5Oo-00011-00000750-00000757 INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00012-00000757-00000950 INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00013-00000950-00000957 CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00014-00000957-00001044 CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE FACILITIES.
YLGa13pd5Oo-00015-00001044-00001051 BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE FACILITIES.  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00016-00001051-00001241 BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE FACILITIES. CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON
YLGa13pd5Oo-00017-00001241-00001247 FACILITIES. CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00018-00001247-00001357 FACILITIES. CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS
YLGa13pd5Oo-00019-00001357-00001364 CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00020-00001364-00001488 CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS.
YLGa13pd5Oo-00021-00001488-00001494 SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS.  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00022-00001494-00001578 SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS. HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED
YLGa13pd5Oo-00023-00001578-00001584 THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS. HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00024-00001584-00001761 THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS. HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00025-00001761-00001768 HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00026-00001768-00001848 HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE ATHLETIC HALL.
YLGa13pd5Oo-00027-00001848-00001855 ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE ATHLETIC HALL.  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00028-00001855-00001988 ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE ATHLETIC HALL. THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED
YLGa13pd5Oo-00029-00001988-00001995 ATHLETIC HALL. THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00030-00001995-00002145 ATHLETIC HALL. THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES
YLGa13pd5Oo-00031-00002145-00002152 THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00032-00002152-00002599 THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE.
YLGa13pd5Oo-00033-00002599-00002605 TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE.  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00034-00002605-00002702 TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE. >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY
YLGa13pd5Oo-00035-00002702-00002709 AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE. >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00036-00002709-00002879 AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE. >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00037-00002879-00002886 >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00038-00002886-00002989 >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00039-00002989-00002996 TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00040-00002996-00003143 TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET
YLGa13pd5Oo-00041-00003143-00003149 NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00042-00003149-00003253 NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY.
YLGa13pd5Oo-00043-00003253-00003259 GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY.  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00044-00003259-00003450 GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY. SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK
YLGa13pd5Oo-00045-00003450-00003456 THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY. SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00046-00003456-00003596 THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY. SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT
YLGa13pd5Oo-00047-00003596-00003603 SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00048-00003603-00003857 SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00049-00003857-00003863 THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00050-00003863-00004020 THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00051-00004020-00004027 IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00052-00004027-00004120 IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY
YLGa13pd5Oo-00053-00004120-00004127 CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00054-00004127-00004334 CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00055-00004334-00004340 COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00056-00004340-00004481 COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE.
YLGa13pd5Oo-00057-00004481-00004487 NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE.  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00058-00004487-00004567 NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE. >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00059-00004567-00004574 COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE. >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00060-00004574-00004684 COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE. >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE SAYS THAT THESE RENOVATIONS ARE
YLGa13pd5Oo-00061-00004684-00004691 >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE SAYS THAT THESE RENOVATIONS ARE  
YLGa13pd5Oo-00062-00004691-00004741 >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE SAYS THAT THESE RENOVATIONS ARE TOP PRIORITY TO ASSURE STUDENT
YNL2xtZdZpI-00000-00002447-00002721 foreign
YNL2xtZdZpI-00001-00002721-00002994 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00002-00002994-00003268 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00003-00003268-00003543 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00004-00003543-00004798 thank you [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00005-00004798-00006003 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00006-00006003-00007209 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00008-00013510-00016500 lacking all emotion
YNL2xtZdZpI-00010-00021537-00021637 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00011-00021637-00021737 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00012-00021737-00021837 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00013-00021837-00021937 [Music]
YNL2xtZdZpI-00014-00021937-00021937 thank you foreign [Music] [Applause]
YODVQ70agiI-00000-00000238-00000537 >> Katey Taylor: Thank you very much.
YODVQ70agiI-00001-00000537-00000933 Thank you Mayor Coleman for hosting us in Saint Paul.
YODVQ70agiI-00002-00000933-00001384 Thank you Chairman Tenenbaum and Senator Klobuchar for your continued support
YODVQ70agiI-00003-00001384-00002123 for pool safety and spa safety and for pool safely day, I'd really like to thank Susan Foss
YODVQ70agiI-00004-00002123-00002884 from Foss Swim School for being my cohort and helping us set up the plan for Pool Safely Day
YODVQ70agiI-00005-00002884-00003504 and that people in the community, right here in Saint Paul can come here today and have tips
YODVQ70agiI-00006-00003504-00003733 to learn how to go to the pool safely.
YODVQ70agiI-00007-00003733-00003986 They can have simple steps to save lives.
YODVQ70agiI-00008-00003986-00004531 They can bring their children to the pool today free of charge and Foss swimming --
YODVQ70agiI-00009-00004531-00004931 Foss Swim School is here to help educate them on how they can go
YODVQ70agiI-00010-00004931-00005304 to pool and be at the pool safely.
YODVQ70agiI-00011-00005304-00005994 Abbey's Hope Charitable Foundation was created because of Abbey and because of her desire
YODVQ70agiI-00012-00005994-00006448 to make sure what happened to her did not happen to another child.
YODVQ70agiI-00013-00006448-00007145 We have worked fiercely in the last two and a half years to raise awareness of pool safety
YODVQ70agiI-00014-00007145-00007437 and supervision around the pools.
YODVQ70agiI-00015-00007437-00008055 We go out into classrooms and we educate children at a school age on what they need to do
YODVQ70agiI-00016-00008055-00008436 to go to the pool safely reminding me that everyone should have
YODVQ70agiI-00017-00008436-00008737 in their pool bag, a water watcher card.
YODVQ70agiI-00018-00008737-00009225 And when someone takes you to the pool, your grown up that's with you has to wear this
YODVQ70agiI-00019-00009225-00009698 and we send the water watcher pledge so that they sign pledge and agree
YODVQ70agiI-00020-00009698-00010128 to watch their children while they're at the pool.
YODVQ70agiI-00021-00010128-00010705 Act of supervision is one of the first steps in keeping your kids safe at the pool.
YODVQ70agiI-00022-00010705-00011080 Another step would be having barriers and fences.
YODVQ70agiI-00023-00011080-00011663 We all know that children seem to disappear quicker than we can keep our eyes on them
YODVQ70agiI-00024-00011663-00011953 but if we can -- we have to rethink it.
YODVQ70agiI-00025-00011953-00012383 Instead of always trying to educate the kids, why don't we educate the adults?
YODVQ70agiI-00026-00012383-00012869 If we take the initiative and we keep their surrounding safe,
YODVQ70agiI-00027-00012869-00013409 making sure the pools are safe, making sure the drain covers are safe and attached and compliant
YODVQ70agiI-00028-00013409-00013732 with state laws as well as federal laws.
YODVQ70agiI-00029-00013732-00014352 We can make -- the pool is a safe and fun place that they should be for our families.
YODVQ70agiI-00030-00014532-00014918 We have worked really hard on educating.
YODVQ70agiI-00031-00014918-00015211 We created a program this past December to go
YODVQ70agiI-00032-00015211-00015794 out into the underserved populations and do a water safety class.
YODVQ70agiI-00033-00015794-00016065 So far this year, we've reached almost 2,000 children
YODVQ70agiI-00034-00016065-00016386 who would never have taken a swimming class of any type
YODVQ70agiI-00035-00016386-00016882 and we've given them a basic water safety class so that they know how to enter the water,
YODVQ70agiI-00036-00016882-00017098 how to right themselves in the water.
YODVQ70agiI-00037-00017098-00017836 This is a really important task to get -- every child should know how to right themselves
YODVQ70agiI-00038-00017836-00018155 in the water, what they need to do to be safe around the water.
YODVQ70agiI-00039-00018155-00018559 We live in a world surrounded by lakes and rivers and pools.
YODVQ70agiI-00040-00018559-00018798 We want our kids to be safe.
YODVQ70agiI-00041-00018927-00019339 Today through Pool Safely Day we're trying to raise awareness.
YODVQ70agiI-00042-00019339-00019633 Pools are a year round fun experience.
YODVQ70agiI-00043-00019633-00019715 I love the pool.
YODVQ70agiI-00044-00019715-00020357 My kids love the pool but we need to remember that swimming is a life skill and we need
YODVQ70agiI-00045-00020357-00020904 to really be advocates for our children.
YODVQ70agiI-00046-00020904-00021363 With your help, we can continue to remain vigilant in our fight and ensure
YODVQ70agiI-00047-00021363-00021860 that the safety regulations in place are enforced as well as help promote the creation
YODVQ70agiI-00048-00021860-00022454 of new laws and regulations to make sure that all pools are structurally safe.
YODVQ70agiI-00049-00022454-00022769 Remember, today is Pool Safely Day.
YODVQ70agiI-00050-00022769-00023303 We know that accidents do happen but when you look at the causes of most accidents,
YODVQ70agiI-00051-00023303-00023795 you'll find that they're actually a result of predictable and preventable occurrences.
YODVQ70agiI-00052-00023795-00024110 At Abbey's Hope Charitable Foundation,
YODVQ70agiI-00053-00024110-00024568 we're working to stop those preventable accidents from hurting kids.
YODVQ70agiI-00054-00024568-00024804 It's just that simple.
YODVQ70agiI-00055-00024804-00025375 And now I'd like to introduce Rick Root from the World Waterpark Association.
YODVQ70agiI-00056-00025375-00026005 [Clapping]
YODVQ70agiI-00057-00026005-00026114 >> Rick: Good morning.
YODVQ70agiI-00058-00026114-00026604 I'm delighted to be here today on behalf of the members of the World Waterpark Association
YODVQ70agiI-00059-00026604-00026874 to help spread the Pool Safely message.
YODVQ70agiI-00060-00026874-00027508 My thanks to the CPSC and Chairman Tenenbaum, Senator Klobuchar, and Mayor Coleman
YODVQ70agiI-00061-00027508-00027958 and Katey Taylor for their leadership on this critical issue.
YODVQ70agiI-00062-00027958-00028275 I'd also like to thank the team here at Great River Waterpark
YODVQ70agiI-00063-00028275-00028614 for hosting this important event.
YODVQ70agiI-00064-00028614-00029267 The World Waterpark Association is proud to be a partner in the CPSC's Pool Safely Campaign along
YODVQ70agiI-00065-00029267-00029827 with Abbey's Hope, the American Red Cross, the National Drowning Prevention Alliance,
YODVQ70agiI-00066-00029827-00030304 and other national water safety organizations.
YODVQ70agiI-00067-00030304-00030800 The CPSC's Pool Safely Campaign and its national call to action with the creation
YODVQ70agiI-00068-00030800-00031498 of Pool Safely Day will save lives and reduce injuries and drownings across the US.
YODVQ70agiI-00069-00031498-00032130 Childhood drowning is a true public health crisis but embracing multiple strategies
YODVQ70agiI-00070-00032130-00032730 such as those outlined in Simple Steps Save Lives, it is preventable.
YODVQ70agiI-00071-00032730-00033284 The adoption of these simple steps must become a national effort by families,
YODVQ70agiI-00072-00033284-00033803 by public health officials, by industry, and by the media.
YODVQ70agiI-00073-00033803-00034037 The waterpark industry and its thousands
YODVQ70agiI-00074-00034037-00034690 of aquatic professionals share an unwavering commitment to guest safety and that commitment
YODVQ70agiI-00075-00034690-00035052 and their unwavering diligence have made waterparks the safest place
YODVQ70agiI-00076-00035052-00035404 for families to play in the water.
YODVQ70agiI-00077-00035404-00035729 Since its inception 30 years ago, the primary focus
YODVQ70agiI-00078-00035729-00036178 of the World Waterpark Association has been education and the establishment
YODVQ70agiI-00079-00036178-00036534 of operating procedures that improve the experience
YODVQ70agiI-00080-00036534-00037002 and most importantly, the safety of our guests.
YODVQ70agiI-00081-00037002-00037543 In 2002, the WWA established national water safety month to support
YODVQ70agiI-00082-00037543-00037998 that initiative and help build public awareness.
YODVQ70agiI-00083-00037998-00038572 Eight years later, WWA member waterparks in partnership with the National Recreation
YODVQ70agiI-00084-00038572-00039080 and Parks Association and the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals continue
YODVQ70agiI-00085-00039080-00039374 to champion this important initiative.
YODVQ70agiI-00086-00039374-00039963 Be water aware is clearly vital during that summer swimming season but perhaps,
YODVQ70agiI-00087-00039963-00040463 [audio cuts out] during months of the year when people spend less time in the water.
YODVQ70agiI-00088-00040463-00040839 Today, community aquatic facilities and the explosive growth
YODVQ70agiI-00089-00040839-00041489 of indoor waterpark resorts including 16 right here in Minnesota offer a wide range
YODVQ70agiI-00090-00041489-00041911 of aquatic fun that can be enjoyed year round.
YODVQ70agiI-00091-00041911-00042439 We're pleased to support Pool Safely Day and to encourage participation in activities
YODVQ70agiI-00092-00042439-00042837 that help spread the Pool Safely message as we head into the fall
YODVQ70agiI-00093-00042837-00043175 when families take time to enjoy these facilities.
YODVQ70agiI-00094-00043175-00043880 Whatever the time of year, our challenge remains, we must be vigilant and do all
YODVQ70agiI-00095-00043880-00044259 that we can to educate parents and children to be water aware
YODVQ70agiI-00096-00044259-00044932 and to understand the Pool Safely message that simple steps really do save lives.
YODVQ70agiI-00097-00044932-00045453 Learning to swim is one simple step that families can take anytime of the year.
YODVQ70agiI-00098-00045453-00045907 Research shows that if a child doesn't learn to swim by the time they're
YODVQ70agiI-00099-00045907-00046184 in 3rd grade, they likely never will.
YODVQ70agiI-00100-00046184-00046703 This past June the WWA along with dozens of national
YODVQ70agiI-00101-00046703-00047225 and local partners championed the world's largest swimming lesson event as a platform
YODVQ70agiI-00102-00047225-00047671 to communicate that swimming is a life saving skill and vital part
YODVQ70agiI-00103-00047671-00048004 of multistep approach to prevent drowning.
YODVQ70agiI-00104-00048004-00048398 Thousands of people participated in the event in hundreds of aquatic facilities
YODVQ70agiI-00105-00048398-00048916 around the globe included 34 states in the US.
YODVQ70agiI-00106-00048916-00049408 We encourage parents to take advantage of the fall and winter learn to swim programs
YODVQ70agiI-00107-00049408-00050141 at indoor aquatic facilities from waterparks to YMCAs, from community pools
YODVQ70agiI-00108-00050141-00050447 to swim schools and fitness clubs.
YODVQ70agiI-00109-00050447-00051069 Being safe in and around the water requires more than just swimming lessons but learning to swim
YODVQ70agiI-00110-00051069-00051313 and the exposure to water safety messages
YODVQ70agiI-00111-00051313-00051939 that swimming lessons offer provide a life-long foundation for drowning prevention.
YODVQ70agiI-00112-00051939-00052551 Finally, we urge everyone to remember that parents are a child's first line of defense.
YODVQ70agiI-00113-00052551-00053105 Take simple steps to Pool Safely and remember vigilance is crucial.
YODVQ70agiI-00114-00053105-00053390 Swimming is one of life's great joys.
YODVQ70agiI-00115-00053390-00053541 Let's keep it that.
YODVQ70agiI-00116-00053541-00053816 Please Pool Safely today and everyday.
YODVQ70agiI-00117-00053816-00053848 Thank you.
YU8z5PY02xM-00000-00000600-00000800 peace on you welcom to the chennle
YU8z5PY02xM-00001-00000800-00001559 this video is going to be about maintenance the car  and to be sure that its  ready for the summer season
YU8z5PY02xM-00002-00001559-00001759 this video is going to be about maintenance the car  and to be sure that its  ready for the summer season
YU8z5PY02xM-00003-00001759-00001959 to made good service there have to be steps to follow so we don't miss any step so i made this paper
YU8z5PY02xM-00004-00001959-00002159 to made good service there have to be steps to follow so we don't miss any step so i made this paper
YU8z5PY02xM-00005-00002159-00002359 to made good service there have to be steps to follow so we don't miss any step so i made this paper
YU8z5PY02xM-00006-00002359-00002559 to made good service there have to be steps to follow so we don't miss any step so i made this paper
YU8z5PY02xM-00007-00002559-00002759 and it has all the elements that need to be checked for the service
YU8z5PY02xM-00008-00002759-00002959 and it has all the elements that need to be checked for the service
YU8z5PY02xM-00009-00002959-00003075 and it has all the elements that need to be checked for the service
YU8z5PY02xM-00010-00003075-00003487 if you need to have it i can leave it in the description area just leave a comment  to know that need it
YU8z5PY02xM-00011-00003487-00003687 if you need to have it i can leave it in the description area just leave a comment  to know that need it
YU8z5PY02xM-00012-00003687-00003825 if you need to have it i can leave it in the description area just leave a comment  to know that need it
YU8z5PY02xM-00013-00003825-00005773 tires
YU8z5PY02xM-00014-00005773-00005973 car oils
YU8z5PY02xM-00015-00005973-00006173 breaks
YU8z5PY02xM-00016-00006173-00006373 etc>>>
YU8z5PY02xM-00017-00006523-00006573 first element is tiers
YU8z5PY02xM-00018-00006573-00006773 as we can see tis tire is we can inspect it by checking the condition of it
YU8z5PY02xM-00019-00006773-00006973 as we can see tis tire is we can inspect it by checking the condition of it
YU8z5PY02xM-00020-00006973-00007173 as we can see tis tire is we can inspect it by checking the condition of it
YU8z5PY02xM-00021-00007173-00007523 and more about switching  the places of the tiers front to back left back tire will be front right and the oboist to the rest
YU8z5PY02xM-00022-00007523-00007573 and more about switching  the places of the tiers front to back left back tire will be front right and the oboist to the rest
YU8z5PY02xM-00023-00007573-00007773 and more about switching  the places of the tiers front to back left back tire will be front right and the oboist to the rest
YU8z5PY02xM-00024-00007773-00007973 and more about switching  the places of the tiers front to back left back tire will be front right and the oboist to the rest
YU8z5PY02xM-00025-00008173-00008373 the condition of the tiers is still in very good condition so in this check it pass
YU8z5PY02xM-00026-00008373-00008573 the condition of the tiers is still in very good condition so in this check it pass
YU8z5PY02xM-00027-00008573-00008773 the condition of the tiers is still in very good condition so in this check it pass
YU8z5PY02xM-00028-00008773-00010209 the condition of the tiers is still in very good condition so in this check it pass
YU8z5PY02xM-00029-00010209-00010455 after checking the  tires move to the next element
YU8z5PY02xM-00030-00010455-00010655 The second element of the examination, of course, is the condition of oils in general, such as engine oil, gear oil, brake oil, and others, if any
YU8z5PY02xM-00031-00010655-00010855 The second element of the examination, of course, is the condition of oils in general, such as engine oil, gear oil, brake oil, and others, if any
YU8z5PY02xM-00032-00011655-00011855 Of course, I changed the engine oil three days ago when servicing the car at the dealer. Of course, gear oil cannot be checked in this car
YU8z5PY02xM-00033-00011855-00012055 Of course, I changed the engine oil three days ago when servicing the car at the dealer. Of course, gear oil cannot be checked in this car
YU8z5PY02xM-00034-00012055-00012255 Of course, I changed the engine oil three days ago when servicing the car at the dealer. Of course, gear oil cannot be checked in this car
YU8z5PY02xM-00035-00012655-00012855 This is because the gear does not come with this feature, but the gear oil is replaced every 80 thousand kilometers
YU8z5PY02xM-00036-00012855-00013055 This is because the gear does not come with this feature, but the gear oil is replaced every 80 thousand kilometers
YU8z5PY02xM-00037-00013255-00013455 And the brake oil is still good, and the check is to look at it and see if there are impurities in it, and here we see that the engine oil is still new
YU8z5PY02xM-00038-00013455-00013655 And the brake oil is still good, and the check is to look at it and see if there are impurities in it, and here we see that the engine oil is still new
YU8z5PY02xM-00039-00013655-00013855 And the brake oil is still good, and the check is to look at it and see if there are impurities in it, and here we see that the engine oil is still new
YU8z5PY02xM-00040-00018055-00018255 After examining the first and second elements, the third element is checking the car's computer by using a reliable and capable device to scan the computer safely.
YU8z5PY02xM-00041-00018255-00018455 After examining the first and second elements, the third element is checking the car's computer by using a reliable and capable device to scan the computer safely.
YU8z5PY02xM-00042-00018455-00018655 After examining the first and second elements, the third element is checking the car's computer by using a reliable and capable device to scan the computer safely.
YU8z5PY02xM-00043-00018655-00018855 After examining the first and second elements, the third element is checking the car's computer by using a reliable and capable device to scan the computer safely.
YU8z5PY02xM-00044-00019255-00019455 i have purchased an Autel device and i have reviewed it in a previous video
YU8z5PY02xM-00045-00019455-00019655 i have purchased an Autel device and i have reviewed it in a previous video
YU8z5PY02xM-00046-00019655-00019855 i have purchased an Autel device and i have reviewed it in a previous video
YU8z5PY02xM-00047-00019855-00020055 i have purchased an Autel device and i have reviewed it in a previous video
YU8z5PY02xM-00048-00020255-00020455 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD
YU8z5PY02xM-00049-00020455-00020655 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD
YU8z5PY02xM-00050-00020655-00020855 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD
YU8z5PY02xM-00051-00020855-00021055 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD
YU8z5PY02xM-00052-00021055-00021255 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD
YU8z5PY02xM-00053-00022255-00022455 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00054-00022455-00022655 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00055-00022655-00022855 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00056-00022855-00023055 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00057-00023055-00023255 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00058-00023255-00023455 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00059-00023455-00023655 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00060-00023655-00023855 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00061-00024055-00024255 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00062-00024255-00024455 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00063-00024455-00024655 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00064-00025255-00025455 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible
YU8z5PY02xM-00065-00025655-00025855 After the examination, it becomes clear to us that it is in good condition and there are no problems
YU8z5PY02xM-00066-00025855-00026055 After the examination, it becomes clear to us that it is in good condition and there are no problems
YU8z5PY02xM-00067-00026055-00026255 After the examination, it becomes clear to us that it is in good condition and there are no problems
YU8z5PY02xM-00068-00026455-00026655 . I will work hard by entering the sensors in general and looking at all
YU8z5PY02xM-00069-00027455-00027655 . I will work hard by entering the sensors in general and looking at all
YU8z5PY02xM-00070-00027655-00027855 . I will work hard by entering the sensors in general and looking at all
YU8z5PY02xM-00071-00027855-00028055 . I will work hard by entering the sensors in general and looking at all
YU8z5PY02xM-00072-00028255-00028455 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good.
YU8z5PY02xM-00073-00028455-00028655 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good.
YU8z5PY02xM-00074-00028855-00029055 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good.
YU8z5PY02xM-00075-00029055-00029255 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good.
YU8z5PY02xM-00076-00029255-00029455 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good.
YU8z5PY02xM-00077-00031855-00032055 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good.
YU8z5PY02xM-00078-00035255-00035455 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good.
YU8z5PY02xM-00079-00039255-00039455 After we have finished the previous elements, it is time to check the car
YU8z5PY02xM-00080-00039455-00039655 After we have finished the previous elements, it is time to check the car
YU8z5PY02xM-00081-00039655-00039855 battery and ensure its validity and ability to work in this atmosphere
YU8z5PY02xM-00082-00039855-00040055 battery and ensure its validity and ability to work in this atmosphere
YU8z5PY02xM-00083-00040055-00040255 battery and ensure its validity and ability to work in this atmosphere
YU8z5PY02xM-00084-00040255-00040455 Using the battery checker that you purchased and which I reviewed in a previous video
YU8z5PY02xM-00085-00040455-00040655 Using the battery checker that you purchased and which I reviewed in a previous video
YU8z5PY02xM-00086-00040655-00040855 After the connection, there are two numbers 24 and 12, the first is the truck battery, the second is for
YU8z5PY02xM-00087-00040855-00041055 After the connection, there are two numbers 24 and 12, the first is the truck battery, the second is for
YU8z5PY02xM-00088-00041055-00041255 After the connection, there are two numbers 24 and 12, the first is the truck battery, the second is for
YU8z5PY02xM-00089-00041255-00041455 After the connection, there are two numbers 24 and 12, the first is the truck battery, the second is for
YU8z5PY02xM-00090-00041455-00041655 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and
YU8z5PY02xM-00091-00041655-00041855 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and
YU8z5PY02xM-00092-00041855-00042055 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and
YU8z5PY02xM-00093-00042055-00042255 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and
YU8z5PY02xM-00094-00042255-00042455 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and
YU8z5PY02xM-00095-00042455-00042655 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and
YU8z5PY02xM-00096-00045255-00045455 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00097-00045455-00045655 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00098-00045855-00046055 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00099-00046055-00046255 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00100-00046255-00046455 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00101-00046455-00046655 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00102-00046655-00046855 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00103-00046855-00047055 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00104-00047055-00047255 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes
YU8z5PY02xM-00105-00047855-00048055 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00106-00048055-00048255 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00107-00048255-00048455 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00108-00048455-00048655 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00109-00048655-00048855 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00110-00048855-00049055 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00111-00049055-00049255 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00112-00049255-00049455 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00113-00049455-00049655 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health
YU8z5PY02xM-00114-00050255-00050455 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet
YU8z5PY02xM-00115-00050455-00050655 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet
YU8z5PY02xM-00116-00050655-00050855 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet
YU8z5PY02xM-00117-00050855-00051055 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet
YU8z5PY02xM-00118-00051055-00051254 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet
YU8z5PY02xM-00119-00051254-00051454 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet
YU8z5PY02xM-00120-00053054-00053254 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness
YU8z5PY02xM-00121-00053254-00053454 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness
YU8z5PY02xM-00122-00053454-00053654 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness
YU8z5PY02xM-00123-00053654-00053854 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness
YU8z5PY02xM-00124-00053854-00054054 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness
YU8z5PY02xM-00125-00054054-00054254 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness
YU8z5PY02xM-00126-00054254-00054454 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness
YU8z5PY02xM-00127-00055854-00056054 Driving the car and applying the brakes to ensure proper parking
YU8z5PY02xM-00128-00056054-00056254 Driving the car and applying the brakes to ensure proper parking
YU8z5PY02xM-00129-00056254-00056454 Driving the car and applying the brakes to ensure proper parking
YU8z5PY02xM-00130-00056454-00056654 Driving the car and applying the brakes to ensure proper parking
YU8z5PY02xM-00131-00057254-00057454 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water
YU8z5PY02xM-00132-00057454-00057654 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water
YU8z5PY02xM-00133-00057654-00057854 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water
YU8z5PY02xM-00134-00057854-00058054 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water
YU8z5PY02xM-00135-00058054-00058254 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water
YU8z5PY02xM-00136-00058254-00058454 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water
YU8z5PY02xM-00137-00058854-00059054 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable
YU8z5PY02xM-00138-00059054-00059254 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable
YU8z5PY02xM-00139-00059254-00059454 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable
YU8z5PY02xM-00140-00059454-00059654 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable
YU8z5PY02xM-00141-00059654-00059854 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable
YU8z5PY02xM-00142-00060054-00060254 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good
YU8z5PY02xM-00143-00060254-00060454 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good
YU8z5PY02xM-00144-00060454-00060654 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good
YU8z5PY02xM-00145-00060654-00060854 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good
YU8z5PY02xM-00146-00060854-00061054 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good
YU8z5PY02xM-00147-00061054-00061254 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good
YU8z5PY02xM-00148-00061254-00061454 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good
YU8z5PY02xM-00149-00063854-00064054 good
YU8z5PY02xM-00150-00064254-00064454 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00151-00064454-00064654 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00152-00064654-00064854 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00153-00064854-00065054 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00154-00065054-00065254 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00155-00065254-00065454 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00156-00065454-00065655 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00157-00065655-00065843 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00158-00065859-00066958 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00159-00066958-00067158 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page
YU8z5PY02xM-00160-00068758-00068958 And believe me, it is fun to work on inspecting your own car to make you an auto technician
YU8z5PY02xM-00161-00068958-00069158 And believe me, it is fun to work on inspecting your own car to make you an auto technician
YU8z5PY02xM-00162-00069158-00069358 And believe me, it is fun to work on inspecting your own car to make you an auto technician
YU8z5PY02xM-00163-00069558-00069758 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00164-00069758-00069958 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00165-00069958-00070158 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00166-00070158-00070358 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00167-00070358-00070558 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00168-00070558-00070758 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00169-00070758-00070958 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00170-00070958-00071158 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00171-00071158-00071358 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust,
YU8z5PY02xM-00172-00071358-00071558 this determines the health of the engine
YU8z5PY02xM-00173-00071558-00071758 this determines the health of the engine
YU8z5PY02xM-00174-00071758-00071958 this determines the health of the engine
YU8z5PY02xM-00175-00071958-00072158 this determines the health of the engine
YU8z5PY02xM-00176-00072158-00072358 this determines the health of the engine
YU8z5PY02xM-00177-00072358-00072558 this determines the health of the engine
YU8z5PY02xM-00178-00072558-00072758 And it warns of a problem that needs to be checked out immediately
YU8z5PY02xM-00179-00072758-00072958 And it warns of a problem that needs to be checked out immediately
YU8z5PY02xM-00180-00073158-00073358 As for the car’s body, it is an examination of the car’s body and a search for any dents in the body of the
YU8z5PY02xM-00181-00073358-00073558 As for the car’s body, it is an examination of the car’s body and a search for any dents in the body of the
YU8z5PY02xM-00182-00073558-00073758 As for the car’s body, it is an examination of the car’s body and a search for any dents in the body of the
YU8z5PY02xM-00183-00074158-00074358 car and knowing its location to determine entitlement to repair
YU8z5PY02xM-00184-00074358-00074558 car and knowing its location to determine entitlement to repair
YU8z5PY02xM-00185-00074758-00074958 As for the car lights, as we can see, all the lights have been turned on and
YU8z5PY02xM-00186-00074958-00075158 As for the car lights, as we can see, all the lights have been turned on and
YU8z5PY02xM-00187-00075158-00075358 As for the car lights, as we can see, all the lights have been turned on and
YU8z5PY02xM-00188-00075358-00075558 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights.
YU8z5PY02xM-00189-00075558-00075758 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights.
YU8z5PY02xM-00190-00075758-00075958 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights.
YU8z5PY02xM-00191-00075958-00076158 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights.
YU8z5PY02xM-00192-00076158-00076358 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights.
YU8z5PY02xM-00193-00076558-00076758 As for the condition of liquids, such as wiper water, radiator and other liquids, and making sure to refill
YU8z5PY02xM-00194-00076758-00076958 As for the condition of liquids, such as wiper water, radiator and other liquids, and making sure to refill
YU8z5PY02xM-00195-00076958-00077158 As for the condition of liquids, such as wiper water, radiator and other liquids, and making sure to refill
YU8z5PY02xM-00196-00077358-00077558 and change them if necessary, but here we see that everything is in good condition as maintenance was done at the authorized agent for taking it for maintenance
YU8z5PY02xM-00197-00077558-00077758 and change them if necessary, but here we see that everything is in good condition as maintenance was done at the authorized agent for taking it for maintenance
YU8z5PY02xM-00198-00077958-00078358 Here, we come with you to the end of the video..
YU8z5PY02xM-00199-00078358-00078958 Here, we come with you to the end of the video..
YU8z5PY02xM-00200-00078958-00079158 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe
YU8z5PY02xM-00201-00079158-00079358 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe
YU8z5PY02xM-00202-00079358-00079558 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe
YU8z5PY02xM-00203-00079558-00079758 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe
YU8z5PY02xM-00204-00079758-00079958 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe
YU8z5PY02xM-00205-00081158-00081358 this is simple way to fil the test paper
YU8z5PY02xM-00206-00081358-00081558 this is simple way to fil the test paper
YU8z5PY02xM-00207-00081558-00081758 this is simple way to fil the test paper
YUmQKZBQAzI-00000-00000288-00000640 Are you looking for mosquito specimens to study the spread of pathogens?
YUmQKZBQAzI-00001-00000640-00001032 How about mammal fecal samples to study diet ecology and microbiomes?
YUmQKZBQAzI-00002-00001096-00001536 Maybe you need vials of aquatic or terrestrial invertebrates to study broad-scale community
YUmQKZBQAzI-00003-00001536-00002080 dynamics or vials of soil suitable for answering questions about microbes and biogeochemistry?
YUmQKZBQAzI-00004-00002136-00002544 The NEON Biorepository provides samples and specimens for your research!
YUmQKZBQAzI-00005-00002664-00003368 Since 2012, NEON has collected and archived up to 120,000 samples per year, using standardized
YUmQKZBQAzI-00006-00003368-00003992 collection protocols. This collection includes voucher specimens, bulk community-level samples,
YUmQKZBQAzI-00007-00003992-00004640 tissues, DNA, soil, and freshwater samples that can be processed for chemical, disease,
YUmQKZBQAzI-00008-00004640-00005336 community, population, and genetics research. Each sample is managed in the NEON database with unique
YUmQKZBQAzI-00009-00005336-00005784 identifiers (tags and/or barcodes) that allows it to be directly tied to NEON’s open data products.
YUmQKZBQAzI-00010-00005856-00006328 The majority of samples and specimens are stored at Arizona State University in Tempe
YUmQKZBQAzI-00011-00006328-00006856 in their Natural History Collections, and are managed by BioKIC, the Biodiversity Knowledge
YUmQKZBQAzI-00012-00006856-00007376 Integration Center. This state-of-the-art Biorepository houses long-term storage of
YUmQKZBQAzI-00013-00007376-00007888 NEON’s biological, genomic, and environmental samples and specimens from terrestrial and
YUmQKZBQAzI-00014-00007888-00008536 aquatic sites across the contiguous US, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. This collection includes
YUmQKZBQAzI-00015-00008536-00009088 things like aquatic microbes, microalgae, invertebrates, and fish samples to soils,
YUmQKZBQAzI-00016-00009088-00009504 mammals, ground beetles, plants, mosquitos, and so much more!
YUmQKZBQAzI-00017-00009632-00010088 All these samples are carefully collected by NEON field scientists who receive rigorous
YUmQKZBQAzI-00018-00010088-00010456 instruction through in-person seasonal training and an online training center,
YUmQKZBQAzI-00019-00010456-00010776 which is all based on the publicly available collection protocols.
YUmQKZBQAzI-00020-00010864-00011344 These collection protocols are routinely reviewed by NEON scientists, technical working groups,
YUmQKZBQAzI-00021-00011344-00011832 and the Science, Technology, and Education Advisory Committee to ensure all data and samples
YUmQKZBQAzI-00022-00011832-00012328 are high-quality and comparable across the United States and, in many cases, around the world.
YUmQKZBQAzI-00023-00012448-00012664 Samples can be requested through biorepo.NEONscience.org
YUmQKZBQAzI-00024-00012816-00013272 for your own research. Each request goes through an internal evaluation and approval
YUmQKZBQAzI-00025-00013272-00013760 process to ensure scientific justification. Samples can be shipped, but researchers can
YUmQKZBQAzI-00026-00013760-00014232 also visit the NEON Bbiorepository to make precise selections of material.
YUmQKZBQAzI-00027-00014232-00014640 Like all NEON data, samples from the NEON Biorepository can be combined with
YUmQKZBQAzI-00028-00014640-00015152 other data from across the Observatory.These samples and data are a valuable resource for
YUmQKZBQAzI-00029-00015152-00015584 scientists to use in research and better inform the public about our ecosystems.
YUmQKZBQAzI-00030-00015880-00016984 Visit biorepo.NEONscience.org to learn more and request samples!
YUTzyDq2B4I-00000-00000250-00000618 Hello and welcome to Bay College's online lectures for
YUTzyDq2B4I-00001-00000618-00000750 College Algebra.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00002-00000750-00001072 In this video, we're going to look at Section 1.3, Quadratic
YUTzyDq2B4I-00003-00001072-00001429 Equations in the Complex Number System.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00004-00001429-00001827 If we look at this first example, if we had an equation
YUTzyDq2B4I-00005-00001827-00002111 like this, which is quadratic, maybe we'd want to say, OK,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00006-00002111-00002279 well, let's see if we can factor it.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00007-00002279-00002589 Well, the sum of squares does not factor.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00008-00002589-00002761 Only the difference of squares.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00009-00002761-00003061 So this isn't going to work for factoring.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00010-00003061-00003245 Well, let's try another method.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00011-00003245-00003379 What about the square root method?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00012-00003379-00003784 Well, I can isolate this perfect square term, subtract
YUTzyDq2B4I-00013-00003784-00004369 4 from both sides, and I get negative 4 equals x squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00014-00004369-00004576 Well, now I can take the square root of both sides.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00015-00004576-00004917 And when I do that, plus or minus the square root of
YUTzyDq2B4I-00016-00004917-00005211 negative 4 equals x.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00017-00005211-00005619 Now, if we think about what a square root is, it says what
YUTzyDq2B4I-00018-00005619-00006000 number times itself is the value under the radical?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00019-00006000-00006308 Well, is there a value times itself that will ever give us
YUTzyDq2B4I-00020-00006308-00006412 a negative?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00021-00006412-00006648 A negative times a negative is a positive.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00022-00006648-00006876 And a positive times a positive is a positive.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00023-00006876-00007356 So there is no value that will give us negative 4.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00024-00007356-00007719 So there's no real solution to this.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00025-00007719-00007970 And because of this, we have to come up with
YUTzyDq2B4I-00026-00007970-00008143 a new number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00027-00008143-00008375 And it's called the complex number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00028-00008375-00008774 Let's move over here to look at the complex
YUTzyDq2B4I-00029-00008774-00008982 number system here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00030-00008982-00009384 Complex numbers are always written in the form a plus bi,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00031-00009384-00009701 where this unit of i is the basis of the
YUTzyDq2B4I-00032-00009701-00009817 complex number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00033-00009817-00010165 We'll define it a little more shortly.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00034-00010165-00010588 But it has a real part and then an imaginary part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00035-00010588-00010771 And that's what that i is all about.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00036-00010771-00011180 Well, if we just assess this, a and b are real numbers.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00037-00011180-00011691 Well, if b is 0, 0 times anything is 0.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00038-00011691-00011914 And a plus 0 is just a.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00039-00011914-00012077 So we get the value a.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00040-00012077-00012278 a is the real part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00041-00012278-00012422 This would be a real number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00042-00012422-00012764 This is the number system that we understand, where we find
YUTzyDq2B4I-00043-00012764-00012938 on a number line.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00044-00012938-00013431 If b is not 0, we have our complex number a plus bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00045-00013431-00013802 So let's assess the a part, the real part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00046-00013802-00014203 If a is 0, we would just have bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00047-00014203-00014479 0 plus bi would just be bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00048-00014479-00014894 This is a pure imaginary number, because it only has an
YUTzyDq2B4I-00049-00014894-00015015 imaginary part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00050-00015015-00015222 So it's a pure imaginary number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00051-00015222-00015557 If a is something other than 0, we have the complex
YUTzyDq2B4I-00052-00015557-00015744 number a plus bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00053-00015744-00015981 A real part and an imaginary part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00054-00015981-00016077 It has both parts.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00055-00016077-00016472 That is our imaginary number, which we defined up there.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00056-00016472-00016829 So all the way down, if neither are 0, it's always
YUTzyDq2B4I-00057-00016829-00017094 written in the form a plus bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00058-00017094-00017205 Let's look at this example.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00059-00017205-00017553 4, well, if we think of this, it's in our real number
YUTzyDq2B4I-00060-00017553-00017877 system, but it's also in the complex number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00061-00017877-00018279 The only difference is we have 0 for our b.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00062-00018279-00018429 0 times anything is just 4.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00063-00018429-00018639 That's our real number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00064-00018639-00019167 2i, well, that means that a is 0.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00065-00019167-00019421 So this is a pure imaginary number,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00066-00019421-00019551 because it's purely imaginary.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00067-00019551-00019741 No real part to it at all.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00068-00019741-00019923 This here, 2 minus 7i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00069-00019923-00020289 It has a real part and an imaginary part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00070-00020289-00020684 So a and b are both not 0. a plus bi is the form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00071-00020684-00020893 This is our imaginary number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00072-00020893-00021079 Now, let's define this i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00073-00021079-00021307 Why do we call it the imaginary unit?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00074-00021307-00021616 Well, we know that there's no such thing as the square root
YUTzyDq2B4I-00075-00021616-00021875 of a negative number in the real number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00076-00021875-00022177 So we define it as the square root of negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00077-00022177-00022500 What's nice about negative 1 is we can always factor out
YUTzyDq2B4I-00078-00022500-00022558 negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00079-00022558-00022763 1 is a factor of every number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00080-00022763-00022970 And by factoring out a negative, we
YUTzyDq2B4I-00081-00022970-00023134 just change its sign.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00082-00023134-00023283 So we can then deal with it.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00083-00023283-00023543 Well, let's look at some of the properties of i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00084-00023543-00023853 What happens if I have multiples of i?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00085-00023853-00024157 If I have i squared?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00086-00024157-00024488 Well, that's nothing more than the square root of negative 1
YUTzyDq2B4I-00087-00024488-00024729 times the square root of negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00088-00024729-00024923 Well, when we square a square root, they
YUTzyDq2B4I-00089-00024923-00025235 essentially cancel out.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00090-00025235-00025770 The square root of negative 1 squared is negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00091-00025770-00025960 The radical goes away.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00092-00025960-00026111 What if I have i cubed?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00093-00026111-00026320 Well, the square root of negative 1 times the square
YUTzyDq2B4I-00094-00026320-00026699 root of negative 1 times the square root of negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00095-00026699-00026856 I have three of them multiplied together.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00096-00026856-00027114 Well, if we know that this is true--
YUTzyDq2B4I-00097-00027114-00027306 that when you square a square root, it goes away--
YUTzyDq2B4I-00098-00027306-00027445 this is negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00099-00027445-00027663 Negative 1 times this value.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00100-00027663-00027851 This is the definition of i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00101-00027851-00028097 So it's negative i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00102-00028097-00028348 So i cubed is negative i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00103-00028348-00028475 i to the fourth.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00104-00028475-00028718 And now, it's getting a little tedious, because we're writing
YUTzyDq2B4I-00105-00028718-00028948 it out over and over and over.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00106-00029202-00029602 Well, everything pair is negative 1, just like we saw
YUTzyDq2B4I-00107-00029602-00029701 this i squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00108-00029701-00030152 So this is i squared, which is negative 1, times this is i
YUTzyDq2B4I-00109-00030152-00030306 squared, negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00110-00030306-00030708 Negative 1 times negative 1 is positive 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00111-00030708-00030925 So i to the fourth is positive 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00112-00030925-00031067 Now, like I said, it's getting tedious.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00113-00031067-00031326 I don't want to write this five times.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00114-00031326-00031900 If we see the pattern here, each value of i is just one
YUTzyDq2B4I-00115-00031900-00031997 more times i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00116-00031997-00032414 So it would be i to the fourth times one more i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00117-00032414-00032839 So that would be 1 times i is just i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00118-00032839-00033610 i to the sixth would be i times i, which is i squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00119-00033610-00034000 And we already know i squared is negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00120-00034000-00034298 And i to the seventh is the same as i cubed. i to the
YUTzyDq2B4I-00121-00034298-00034585 eighth is i fourth. i to the ninth is i fifth.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00122-00034585-00034749 So we see that pattern.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00123-00034749-00035175 So here is all we really have to memorize.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00124-00035175-00035373 i through i to the fourth.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00125-00035373-00035819 But I'm going to star i to the second and i to the fourth.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00126-00035819-00036181 Because these are our keys to using this.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00127-00036181-00036330 At least for me it is.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00128-00036330-00036893 If I have i to any power, if it's divisible by 4, it's
YUTzyDq2B4I-00129-00036893-00037135 equal to positive 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00130-00037135-00037492 If it's not divisible by 4, but it's divisible by 2, then
YUTzyDq2B4I-00131-00037492-00037685 it's equal to negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00132-00037685-00038087 I can also use that concept even if i is an odd number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00133-00038087-00038318 Let's look at this next example here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00134-00038318-00038844 If I have i to the 41st power, well, let's break this down.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00135-00038844-00039121 i to the 40th times i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00136-00039121-00039347 We're just using our rules of exponents.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00137-00039347-00039467 This would be our product rule.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00138-00039467-00039685 If this was our base x.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00139-00039685-00039841 Let's just say x.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00140-00039841-00040137 If they're the same base, we just add their powers.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00141-00040137-00040264 40 and 1 is 41.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00142-00040264-00040438 So I didn't really change its value.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00143-00040438-00040607 I just changed the way it looks.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00144-00040607-00040899 This is divisible by 4.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00145-00040899-00041193 So this is equal to 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00146-00041193-00041597 1 times i is just i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00147-00041597-00041923 And that will work in every instance.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00148-00041923-00042323 So if I can break this down to the closest even number by
YUTzyDq2B4I-00149-00042323-00042657 just pulling out an i, then I can use that rule.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00150-00042657-00042866 If it's divisible by 4, it's equal to 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00151-00042866-00043347 If it's divisible by 2 and not 4, then it's negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00152-00043347-00043627 So in that case I might get a negative i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00153-00043627-00043684 Let's look at this.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00154-00043684-00043870 Now, before, I said we can always factor
YUTzyDq2B4I-00155-00043870-00043992 out a negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00156-00043992-00044225 Well, that's what we want to do here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00157-00044225-00044626 The square root of negative 9 would be the square root of 9
YUTzyDq2B4I-00158-00044626-00044871 times the square root of negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00159-00044871-00045089 Our definition of i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00160-00045089-00045472 And if we simplify that, well, the square root of 9 is 3.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00161-00045472-00045717 And the square root of negative 1 is i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00162-00045717-00045912 By definition, 3i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00163-00045912-00046136 We have a pure imaginary number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00164-00046136-00046360 Our a value is 0 here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00165-00046360-00046457 What about this here?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00166-00046457-00046606 Well, let's do the same thing.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00167-00046606-00047104 I have negative the square root of 25 times the square
YUTzyDq2B4I-00168-00047104-00047215 root of negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00169-00047215-00047456 I'm just factoring out a negative 1 to get our
YUTzyDq2B4I-00170-00047456-00047578 definition of i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00171-00047578-00047757 Well, negative square root of 25.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00172-00047757-00047948 Square root of 25 is 5.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00173-00047948-00048347 Negative 5 times i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00174-00048347-00048493 Another imaginary number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00175-00048493-00048636 But this negative was outside.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00176-00048636-00048835 You change the sign.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00177-00048835-00049045 So that's how we work with radicals.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00178-00049045-00049357 We can always pull out that i if we see a negative.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00179-00049357-00049612 We just take a shortcut and say, oh, well that's i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00180-00049612-00049842 So we can go straight to there.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00181-00049842-00050185 When it comes to adding or subtracting imaginary numbers
YUTzyDq2B4I-00182-00050185-00050622 or complex numbers, the rules of math never change.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00183-00050622-00050932 So essentially, we just have to follow our rules.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00184-00050932-00051107 Think of this as a binomial.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00185-00051107-00051612 A plus bi minus some a plus bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00186-00051612-00051808 When we have that negative, we can think of it as just
YUTzyDq2B4I-00187-00051808-00051914 distributing.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00188-00051914-00052235 So negative 8, positive i, if I distribute it.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00189-00052235-00052426 So combine like terms.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00190-00052426-00052776 6 and a negative 8 is negative 2.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00191-00052776-00053150 5i minus a negative i is 5i plus i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00192-00053150-00053378 Which would give me 6i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00193-00053378-00053609 And it's written in a plus bi form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00194-00053609-00053826 This is the proper form that we have to
YUTzyDq2B4I-00195-00053826-00053962 write our complex numbers.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00196-00053962-00054455 The real part plus or minus the imaginary part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00197-00054455-00054628 So that's addition or subtraction.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00198-00054628-00054702 Same rules.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00199-00054702-00054861 Nothing changes.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00200-00054861-00055054 What if we're multiplying?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00201-00055054-00055354 Well, if I have the square root of negative 2 times the
YUTzyDq2B4I-00202-00055354-00055698 square root of negative 7, we can't just combine them and
YUTzyDq2B4I-00203-00055698-00055897 say, oh, it's the square root of 14.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00204-00055897-00056063 Because a negative times a negative is a positive.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00205-00056063-00056307 That doesn't work in the imaginary number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00206-00056307-00056596 We have to pull out that i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00207-00056596-00056777 Pull out that square root of negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00208-00056777-00057014 So I'm just going to pull it out, call it i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00209-00057014-00057223 Times the square root of 2.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00210-00057223-00057495 Times i square root of 7.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00211-00057495-00057674 Pull out that negative, call it i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00212-00057674-00058072 Now, if we look at this, now I can combine it. i times i is i
YUTzyDq2B4I-00213-00058072-00058341 squared, times the square root of 2, times the
YUTzyDq2B4I-00214-00058341-00058425 square root of 7.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00215-00058425-00058920 Now I can put them together to get the square root of 14.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00216-00058920-00059171 And what do we know about i squared?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00217-00059171-00059440 Well, i squared is negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00218-00059440-00060396 So a negative 1 times that is negative square root of 14,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00219-00060396-00060719 which is a real value.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00220-00060719-00060941 All right, let's look at some more examples of
YUTzyDq2B4I-00221-00060941-00061072 multiplication.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00222-00061072-00061679 Here, we have a pure imaginary number times another imaginary
YUTzyDq2B4I-00223-00061679-00061896 number in a plus bi form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00224-00061896-00062050 I use my rules of multiplication.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00225-00062050-00062236 I'm just going to use the distributive property.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00226-00062236-00062561 6i times 2 is 12i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00227-00062561-00063014 6i times negative 3 is negative 18i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00228-00063014-00063274 i times i is i squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00229-00063274-00063422 Now, what do we know about i squared?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00230-00063422-00063539 It's just negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00231-00063539-00063773 So that changes the sign.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00232-00063773-00063963 Plus 18.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00233-00063963-00064216 Negative 1 times negative 18 is positive 18.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00234-00064216-00064460 But I'm not done yet, because I need to write
YUTzyDq2B4I-00235-00064460-00064607 this in proper form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00236-00064607-00064929 The real part and the imaginary part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00237-00064929-00065238 18 plus 12i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00238-00065238-00065442 a plus bi form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00239-00065442-00065548 What about this here?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00240-00065548-00065754 Now we have i's of other powers.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00241-00065754-00066105 I could distribute it, just like I did there, but let's
YUTzyDq2B4I-00242-00066105-00066296 simplify these i's first.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00243-00066296-00066378 i to the fourth.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00244-00066378-00066588 Well, this is divisible by 4, because it is
YUTzyDq2B4I-00245-00066588-00066772 4, is equal to 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00246-00066772-00067003 1 times 2 is just 2.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00247-00067266-00067477 i squared is negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00248-00067477-00067755 1 plus a negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00249-00067755-00068099 Well, 1 plus negative 1 is 1 minus 1, which is 0.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00250-00068099-00068597 2 times 0 is 0.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00251-00068597-00068838 So just by simplifying it, we didn't have to use that
YUTzyDq2B4I-00252-00068838-00069046 distributive property in this case.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00253-00069046-00069223 Because we ended up with some real value.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00254-00069223-00069378 0 is a real value.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00255-00069378-00069725 It is in the real number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00256-00069725-00070048 Another tool that we can use is called complex conjugates.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00257-00070048-00070470 And some of the notation you might see in the textbook is z
YUTzyDq2B4I-00258-00070470-00071080 is just our notation for a complex number, a plus bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00259-00071080-00071238 Its conjugate--
YUTzyDq2B4I-00260-00071238-00071460 that's what this bar over the z means--
YUTzyDq2B4I-00261-00071460-00071886 the conjugate of this number is a minus bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00262-00071886-00072220 The only difference is the sign changes between them.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00263-00072220-00072368 These are complex conjugates.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00264-00072368-00072655 If we multiply complex conjugates, we're actually
YUTzyDq2B4I-00265-00072655-00072905 going to end up with a real value.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00266-00072905-00073054 And we'll look at this and see why.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00267-00073054-00073410 What happens if we just observe this for a moment?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00268-00073410-00073597 It looks like the difference of squares.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00269-00073597-00073789 Well, a times a.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00270-00073789-00074045 If we use FOIL, we get a squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00271-00074342-00074640 a times bi is abi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00272-00074640-00074910 a times negative bi is negative abi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00273-00074910-00075154 The middle terms cancel out, just like they would if we
YUTzyDq2B4I-00274-00075154-00075561 were multiplying the sum or difference of squares.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00275-00075561-00076103 And bi times negative bi is a negative bi squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00276-00076103-00076244 What is i squared?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00277-00076244-00076366 It's negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00278-00076366-00076861 Negative times a negative is a positive.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00279-00076861-00077048 I forgot my squared term there, though.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00280-00077048-00077360 And we notice we get the sum of squares.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00281-00077360-00077673 Now, there is no way to factor that unless we factor in the
YUTzyDq2B4I-00282-00077673-00077944 complex number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00283-00077944-00078073 So a conjugate--
YUTzyDq2B4I-00284-00078073-00078348 just changing the sign in between it-- is a tool we can
YUTzyDq2B4I-00285-00078348-00078717 use to get a real value if we need to.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00286-00078717-00078811 Now, here's an example.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00287-00078811-00079309 If I have a complex number of 3 minus 4i, its conjugate--
YUTzyDq2B4I-00288-00079309-00079481 that's just the bar over the top.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00289-00079481-00079751 Tells me the conjugate is 3 plus 4i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00290-00079751-00080008 Just change the signs in between them.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00291-00080008-00080232 So the reason why we introduced this is because we
YUTzyDq2B4I-00292-00080232-00080785 use this to explain division in the complex number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00293-00080785-00081285 If you recall from a previous math class, you had to
YUTzyDq2B4I-00294-00081285-00081540 rationalize your denominators.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00295-00081540-00081863 So if we move over here, let's look at division.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00296-00081863-00082208 This i a square root.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00297-00082208-00082482 And we don't want square roots in our denominators.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00298-00082482-00082839 So we're going to rationalize the denominator.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00299-00082839-00083122 And in order to rationalize the denominator, how do we get
YUTzyDq2B4I-00300-00083122-00083341 this i term to go away?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00301-00083341-00083695 That's where we use the tool of a complex conjugate.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00302-00083695-00084174 The complex conjugate here would be a minus bi.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00303-00084174-00084398 I just changed the sign between them.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00304-00084398-00084540 And now I can FOIL this out.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00305-00084540-00085085 And when I do, I get a squared plus b squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00306-00085085-00085211 These are real values.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00307-00085211-00085428 So whatever is in my denominator is a real value
YUTzyDq2B4I-00308-00085428-00085778 with no radical.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00309-00085778-00086086 But what I do to the bottom, I have to do to the top.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00310-00086086-00086408 Because essentially, I'm just multiplying by 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00311-00086408-00086612 And then I can use the distributive property of the
YUTzyDq2B4I-00312-00086612-00087306 multiplication rules I used. a times c minus bci.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00313-00087562-00087715 So I've rationalized it.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00314-00087715-00087902 It's still an imaginary number.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00315-00087902-00088190 Maybe if I knew what these values where, I could split it
YUTzyDq2B4I-00316-00088190-00088662 up to a plus bi form, where I have the real part separated
YUTzyDq2B4I-00317-00088662-00088801 from the imaginary part.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00318-00088801-00088884 And I could do that.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00319-00088884-00089611 It'd be ac over this quantity minus bci over this quantity.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00320-00089611-00089825 And just for time's sake, I'll leave that.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00321-00089825-00090001 So I want to rationalize this.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00322-00090001-00090433 I want to do this division of complex numbers.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00323-00090433-00090748 And I do that by rationalizing the denominator with its
YUTzyDq2B4I-00324-00090748-00090888 complex conjugate.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00325-00090888-00091098 What is the conjugate?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00326-00091098-00091329 2 minus 3i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00327-00091329-00091669 And what I do to the bottom, I do to the top.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00328-00091669-00091850 Now I can just use FOIL.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00329-00091850-00092046 And I'm going to use a little shortcut here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00330-00092046-00092336 If I FOIL the bottom, I'm going to get the first term
YUTzyDq2B4I-00331-00092336-00092653 squared minus the second term squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00332-00092653-00092844 Because the middle terms cancel out because they're
YUTzyDq2B4I-00333-00092844-00092941 different signs.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00334-00092941-00093554 Well, I get 4 minus 9i squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00335-00093806-00094052 Well, that i squared is negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00336-00094052-00094225 That's just going to change the sign here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00337-00094225-00094435 Let's change that sign right now.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00338-00094435-00094576 And if you missed that, pause the video.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00339-00094576-00094682 Back it up.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00340-00094682-00095112 4 plus 9 is 13.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00341-00095112-00095321 And then I can use FOIL at the top here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00342-00095321-00095519 So I'm going to get 4.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00343-00095519-00095744 I'm going to get minus 6i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00344-00095744-00095936 Minus 6i again.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00345-00095936-00096104 Minus 12i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00346-00096104-00096683 And negative 3i times negative 3i is a positive 9i squared.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00347-00096683-00096896 And if we do a little simplification, that i squared
YUTzyDq2B4I-00348-00096896-00096997 just changes the sign.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00349-00096997-00097869 4 minus 9 is 5, right?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00350-00097869-00097947 Negative 5.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00351-00097947-00098052 Don't make a sign error.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00352-00098052-00098288 Minus 12i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00353-00098288-00098527 Now, let's pause for a moment and say, is this
YUTzyDq2B4I-00354-00098527-00098690 in a plus bi form?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00355-00098690-00098842 No, it's not.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00356-00098842-00099351 It has to be the real part, which is negative 5 over 13,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00357-00099351-00100079 minus the imaginary part, 12 13ths is my b, times i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00358-00100079-00100167 So we split it up.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00359-00100167-00100430 Now it's in a plus bi form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00360-00100430-00100785 And it has to be written in that form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00361-00100785-00100944 All right, let's look at this example here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00362-00100944-00101125 We have i to the negative 23rd.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00363-00101125-00101402 We're going to take the long route in how to solve this,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00364-00101402-00101699 and then we're going to take the easy route.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00365-00101699-00101843 i to the negative 23rd.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00366-00101843-00102055 Well, how do we get rid of a negative exponent?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00367-00102055-00102180 We take its reciprocal.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00368-00102533-00102755 And now that we've taken its reciprocal, maybe we can
YUTzyDq2B4I-00369-00102755-00102846 simplify this.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00370-00102846-00103154 Well, which version of i is it?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00371-00103154-00103676 Well, I'm going to say, OK, it's i to the 22nd times i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00372-00103676-00103874 That's the same as i to the 23rd.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00373-00103874-00104249 This is not divisible by 4, but it is divisible by 2.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00374-00104249-00104723 So it's negative i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00375-00104723-00104920 So we did a little bit of simplifying.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00376-00104920-00105264 Now, to rationalize that, because this is a square root,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00377-00105264-00105486 I'm going to multiply by its conjugate.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00378-00105486-00105655 It's complex conjugate.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00379-00105655-00105894 I just change the sign.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00380-00105894-00106150 a is 0, b is negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00381-00106150-00106299 Change the sign of b.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00382-00106299-00106691 So I get positive i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00383-00106691-00106910 What I do the bottom, I do to the top.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00384-00106910-00107293 So a negative i times i would be negative i squared, which
YUTzyDq2B4I-00385-00107293-00107400 is positive 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00386-00107400-00107643 Because we've got to change the sign, right?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00387-00107643-00108114 And 1 times i is i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00388-00108114-00108525 So negative i, right?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00389-00108525-00108575 There it is.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00390-00108575-00108700 That's it.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00391-00108989-00109153 Not so bad, right?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00392-00109153-00109509 All right, well, I told you there's a shortcut to this.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00393-00109509-00109810 And I'm going to erase this for a moment.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00394-00109810-00110089 And I'm going to use the shortcut.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00395-00110089-00110970 If I subtract 1 from this, I get negative 24 times i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00396-00110970-00111247 So I made it even by taking 1 away.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00397-00111247-00111521 Is this divisible by 4?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00398-00111521-00111621 Yes, it is.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00399-00111621-00111982 So this would just be 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00400-00111982-00112165 The reciprocal of 1 is still 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00401-00112165-00112684 So this is 1 times i equals i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00402-00112684-00112802 So there we have it.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00403-00112802-00112946 Kind of a shortcut method.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00404-00112946-00113319 Use your values of 2 and 4 to say, is it a positive value or
YUTzyDq2B4I-00405-00113319-00113449 a negative value?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00406-00113449-00113648 And we can work it out.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00407-00113648-00113815 All right, let's move over here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00408-00113815-00114257 If you recall in the last lecture video, we talked about
YUTzyDq2B4I-00409-00114257-00114332 the discriminant.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00410-00114332-00114747 How the discriminant tells us if we have imaginary, real, or
YUTzyDq2B4I-00411-00114747-00114961 1 real with multiplicity.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00412-00114961-00115216 If the discriminant is less than 0, that means what's
YUTzyDq2B4I-00413-00115216-00115583 under that radical of our quadratic formula is negative.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00414-00115583-00115908 That's where we get these two imaginary numbers.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00415-00115908-00116208 If it's positive, we get two real numbers.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00416-00116208-00116573 And if it's equal to 0, we get one real with multiplicity 2.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00417-00116573-00116841 Now that we have some understanding--
YUTzyDq2B4I-00418-00116841-00117117 and hopefully we'll practice and do some homework so that
YUTzyDq2B4I-00419-00117117-00117278 we have a deeper understanding--
YUTzyDq2B4I-00420-00117278-00117603 of the imaginary number system, now we can solve any
YUTzyDq2B4I-00421-00117603-00118106 quadratic equation regardless if it's real or imaginary.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00422-00118106-00118216 And we can use that discriminant.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00423-00118216-00118563 And if we're asked to find a solution in the complex number
YUTzyDq2B4I-00424-00118563-00118875 system, we can look at this and say, hey, am I looking for
YUTzyDq2B4I-00425-00118875-00119038 values that contain i?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00426-00119038-00119266 Or am I looking for real values?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00427-00119266-00119854 Let's take a look at this and use all of our knowledge of
YUTzyDq2B4I-00428-00119854-00120261 solving quadratics or things that are quadratic in form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00429-00120261-00120569 This here, what I'm going to do here, is I'm going to set
YUTzyDq2B4I-00430-00120569-00120764 this equal to 0.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00431-00120764-00121181 I get x to the fourth minus 1 equals 0.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00432-00121181-00121418 And now I'm going to factor it, because factoring is a
YUTzyDq2B4I-00433-00121418-00121531 useful tool.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00434-00121531-00121763 This is a perfect square, and so is 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00435-00121763-00121994 So I'm just going to say, the difference of squares.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00436-00121994-00122193 Factor it in that form.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00437-00122193-00122872 So I get x squared minus 1, x squared plus 1, equals to 0.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00438-00122872-00123231 And then I realize, hey, I can factor it a little further.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00439-00123231-00123866 x minus 1, x plus 1, times this value here, which I can't
YUTzyDq2B4I-00440-00123866-00124128 factor in the real number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00441-00124128-00124347 So I'm just going to leave it like that.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00442-00124347-00124751 Because we're going to review our rules of solving
YUTzyDq2B4I-00443-00124751-00124848 quadratics.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00444-00124848-00125218 Here we can use the 0 factor theorem.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00445-00125218-00125892 x equals, for this factor to be 0, positive 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00446-00125892-00126413 And for this factor to be zero, negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00447-00126413-00126588 But what about this?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00448-00126588-00127104 Let's use our rules for solving quadratics.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00449-00127104-00127333 What would make this value equal to 0?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00450-00127333-00127676 Well, I can subtract 1 from both sides.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00451-00127676-00127952 And now I can use that square root property we talked about
YUTzyDq2B4I-00452-00127952-00128090 in the previous video.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00453-00128090-00128434 x equals plus or minus the square root of negative 1.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00454-00128434-00128771 And that, in itself, is the definition of i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00455-00128771-00129230 So, plus or minus i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00456-00129230-00129370 I found four solutions.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00457-00129370-00129710 Positive 1, negative 1, positive i, negative i.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00458-00129710-00129864 And this is the key.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00459-00129864-00130248 At most, I should have found four solutions, which I did.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00460-00130248-00130591 And I could have used the discriminant when I got to
YUTzyDq2B4I-00461-00130591-00130831 this point right here and here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00462-00130831-00131190 I could say, hey, this one has two real solutions, because
YUTzyDq2B4I-00463-00131190-00131488 the discriminant would be positive.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00464-00131488-00131881 This one would have two negative or imaginary
YUTzyDq2B4I-00465-00131881-00132027 solutions, because the discriminant
YUTzyDq2B4I-00466-00132027-00132262 is just that, negative.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00467-00132262-00132855 So using your properties for solving quadratics, I have a
YUTzyDq2B4I-00468-00132855-00132997 quiz for you?
YUTzyDq2B4I-00469-00132997-00133201 And that quiz is this right here.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00470-00133201-00133570 Solve this quadratic in the complex number system.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00471-00133570-00133801 You can use any method you want.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00472-00133801-00134199 But if you look at this, if you look at the discriminant,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00473-00134199-00134660 b squared is 16 minus 4ac.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00474-00134660-00135096 4 times 8 times 1 is 32.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00475-00135096-00135483 16 minus 32 is negative 16.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00476-00135483-00135848 So you know that's going to be in the complex number system,
YUTzyDq2B4I-00477-00135848-00136014 just by using the discriminant.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00478-00136014-00136298 So your quiz will be to solve that right there. x squared
YUTzyDq2B4I-00479-00136298-00136544 plus 4x plus 8 equals 0.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00480-00136544-00136889 This has been Section 1.3, Quadratic Equations in the
YUTzyDq2B4I-00481-00136889-00137032 Complex Number System.
YUTzyDq2B4I-00482-00137032-00137157 Thank you for watching.
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00000-00000012-00000451 History was made yesterday at Fort Hood, Texas, forty years after escaping from
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00001-00000451-00000675 Vietnam before the fall of Saigon
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00002-00000675-00001095 Viet Luong became the first ever Vietnamese born general flag officer
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00003-00001095-00001504 in the US military, Brigadier General Luong was joined by his family and
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00004-00001504-00001692 friends for the promotion ceremony
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00005-00001692-00002076 General Luong came to the U.S. as part of Operation Frequent when
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00006-00002076-00002451 a mission to help rescue Vietnamese citizens from the country during the
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00007-00002451-00002667 final days of the Vietnam War
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00008-00002667-00003009 as I reflect on today it's really about our nation
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00009-00003009-00003353 and what it stands for in the opportunities that are forwarded to all
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00010-00003353-00003911 immigrants here in this nation, if I have to tribute this promotion one thing it's to our country
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00011-00003988-00004208 General Long credits his father a former
Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00012-00004209-00004537 Vietnamese Marine officer as being his biggest influence
Ym6B2Tm-2LY-00000-00000048-00001592 god
Ym6B2Tm-2LY-00001-00002064-00002368 focus on
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00000-00000000-00000883 >> ETHAN: Thanks, everybody.  Welcome. Thank you all  for coming out to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00001-00000883-00001621 today's Media Lab  talks. Our event today  is called Undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00002-00001621-00001959 Students: Equal Access  to Higher Education  and Freedom University
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00003-00001959-00002666 Georgia. We are incredibly  lucky to have a great  group of people here.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00004-00002666-00003044 My name is Ethan Zuckerman.  I teach here at the  MIT media lab, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00005-00003044-00003444 I'll tell you a little bit  more about the event in a  moment. But I want to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00006-00003444-00003742 go down the line and  introduce you to some of  the friends that we're
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00007-00003742-00004111 really happy to have  here. Right next to me  is Bethany Moreton. She's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00008-00004111-00004530 one of the Freedom  University founders. She's also  a professor of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00009-00004530-00005147 history at Dartmouth.  We've got Betina Kaplan,  also a Freedom
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00010-00005147-00005374 University founder and  associate professor of Spanish  at the University
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00011-00005374-00005977 of Georgia. Going further  down, we have Keish  Kim. She's a PhD
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00012-00005977-00006334 student at Harvard.  She works with PUSH,  which is Protect
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00013-00006334-00006773 Undocumented Students at  Harvard. Going further  down, we have
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00014-00006773-00007242 Gustavo Madrigal. He is  one of the founding  students of Freedom
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00015-00007242-00007648 University Georgia, and he  is an immigration paralegal  and also an
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00016-00007648-00008213 immigration activist. And then  our end, we've got  Pamela Voekel, who's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00017-00008213-00008563 a Freedom University  founder, associate professor  of history at
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00018-00008563-00008961 Dartmouth. Did I  roughly get everyone’s names  and affiliations? OK.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00019-00008961-00009412 Awesome! That’s the main  thing I have to accomplish  here. But I also
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00020-00009412-00009783 have to tell you ground  rules of what’s going on  here. We have an event
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00021-00009783-00010149 that is here, live in  this space, but it's also  being recorded. It's also
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00022-00010149-00010604 being streamed live out  on the web. People who  are watching it are
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00023-00010604-00011142 going to be tweeting at  #mltalks. If you see me  playing on my phone, it
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00024-00011142-00011470 is not that you are  not interesting. It is that I  am trying to figure out
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00025-00011470-00011762 what people are saying  on the web and  bringing them into the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00026-00011762-00012277 conversation as well. That's part  of my job as well.  This is the first of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00027-00012277-00012809 two events. We have the  live event here. We're all  going to have a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00028-00012809-00013213 smaller event, which is entirely  off the record and that  is going to be in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00029-00013213-00013725 the civic media space  that immediately follows after  this. And so, that's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00030-00013725-00014209 an opportunity for  people who aren't comfortable  being on-stage, or
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00031-00014209-00014575 may have questions or  things that they want to  talk about that they
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00032-00014575-00014976 don't want broadcast out to  the rest of the world.  And we have a space
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00033-00014976-00015491 for that as well.  But our conversation here  is really about three
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00034-00015491-00016225 subjects. It starts with  the disobedience prize, which  you saw launched
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00035-00016225-00016785 here at the media  this past summer. That was  an attempt to show
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00036-00016785-00017430 some of the  exciting things there are  happening around pro-social
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00037-00017430-00018060 disobedience. We ended up  honoring four winners of  that award. One
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00038-00018060-00018546 of those four winner  was Freedom University Georgia.  We have five of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00039-00018546-00018908 the founders who were  involved with that on-stage  with me today. And
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00040-00018908-00019296 this is going to be  an opportunity for us to  talk about what Freedom
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00041-00019296-00019884 University Georgia has been  trying to accomplish, but  really around this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00042-00019884-00020258 larger question of  undocumented students, access  to education, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00043-00020258-00020751 transforming the educational  system so that more  people have access
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00044-00020751-00020979 to higher education at  places like the University  of Georgia and also
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00045-00020979-00021571 places like MIT, and we're  going to end up talking  a little bit about what
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00046-00021571-00022095 MIT has been doing around  these issues for good or  for ill, as well. So,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00047-00022095-00022617 before we jump in and  start by putting some of  students and some of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00048-00022617-00022975 the professors on the spot,  I'm wondering if we can  go to this video, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00049-00022975-00023437 this is a trailer  for a documentary that  has been documenting what's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00050-00023437-00023751 been going on with  Freedom University Georgia.  So, if  we can go to that,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00051-00023751-00024131 that would be great.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00052-00024131-00024310 >> Why is this backwards?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00053-00024310-00024739 >> Hello, Nathan -- we  are on the plane. We're  about to take off.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00054-00024739-00025662 [Music.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00055-00025662-00025877 >> Ask for her phone number.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00056-00025877-00026045 >> No. You  didn't ask me. You  friend asked me.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00057-00026045-00026225 >> I actually said my friend?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00058-00026225-00026361 >> Yeah. That was childish.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00059-00026361-00026616 >> So,  we were  like, "Nah."
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00060-00026616-00026732 [Woman laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00061-00026732-00026958 [Music.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00062-00026958-00027137 >> My dream  is to be  an astronaut, but.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00063-00027137-00027360 >> He's  stuck with a  third-grade dream.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00064-00027360-00027675 >> No, I'm not. All right. OK.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00065-00027675-00028700 [Music.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00066-00028700-00029185 >> I got an  education. I graduated. I've  been really lucky.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00067-00029185-00029626 So, there's never really  been any obstacles, and  so now then,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00068-00029626-00029817 I want to go to college.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00069-00029817-00030376 [Music.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00070-00030376-00030629 >> I'm a very smart  student. I can mess around a  lot, but I'm very smart,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00071-00030629-00031245 but yet I'm  here working, wasting  my life.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00072-00031245-00031727 [Music.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00073-00031727-00032089 >> My grandmother will  always tell me to  be careful enough.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00074-00032089-00032406 If someone was to ask  me, "Are you illegal?" to  say that I was a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00075-00032406-00032826 citizen, that  I was  born here.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00076-00032826-00033008 [Sirens.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00077-00033008-00033278 >> My mom got  stopped. The cop pulled  us over and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00078-00033278-00033864 found that she didn't have a  license, and he said that he  had to take her in.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00079-00033864-00034141 >> Like, what's the  point? I'm going to  make it here.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00080-00034141-00034359 They don't  want me  here.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00081-00034359-00034741 >> We are involved on  a war on terror, and after  all, these are undocumented.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00082-00034741-00035279 That's the point, really. We  don't know who a lot  of these people are.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00083-00035279-00035713 >> There are people  purposely out to make  your day miserable,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00084-00035713-00036321 make your life less.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00085-00036321-00036817 >> We're number  one. We're number one.  We're number one.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00086-00036817-00037357 >> Let me tell you, when I  received DACA, I took a risk, not  only for me, but for my family.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00087-00037357-00037947 >> They knew my address, so  to say that they don't know  who we are, it's a lie.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00088-00037947-00038358 >> One,  two, three.  Undocumented!
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00089-00038358-00038669 >> I'm not  leaving until they come  and get me.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00090-00038669-00039133 >> I'm a Georgia boy. All  I've ever known is Georgia. I  don't really want to leave.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00091-00039133-00039928 [Chanting.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00092-00039928-00040221 >> People  united. We'll never  be defeated.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00093-00040221-00040571 >> I'm not scared.  Like, I'm just not. Now,  we just fight harder,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00094-00040571-00040901 and we fight  smarter, and we  fight as one.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00095-00040901-00042335 [Music.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00096-00042335-00042680 >> ETHAN: So,  we're having this conversation  here at MIT
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00097-00042680-00043120 at a very  interesting and very fraught  moment in time.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00098-00043120-00043552 We have a group  of people in the  United States who have
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00099-00043552-00043978 grown up in this  country, have gone to  school in this country,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00100-00043978-00044540 who, in many  cases, don't know their  citizenship status until
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00101-00044540-00044909 they're in the process  of applying to college,  or sometimes in the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00102-00044909-00045423 process of looking for  financial aid. We had  limited protection for
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00103-00045423-00046021 undocumented people in  this country under  DACA. Through some
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00104-00046021-00046681 political machinations, we are  now in a state where  DACA is no longer
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00105-00046681-00047054 on the books.  It's suspended, and there  are now negotiations
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00106-00047054-00047588 happening between the  president and Congress over  the future of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00107-00047588-00048179 undocumented people we've  arrived in this country,  as children, who
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00108-00048179-00048482 through no personal decision  of their own, find  themselves in a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00109-00048482-00048994 situation where they're  undocumented. And, as  educator this country,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00110-00048994-00049382 this is an enormous  sort of moral and practical  challenge. How do we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00111-00049382-00049855 provide the education to  students who want the  chance to learn but
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00112-00049855-00050720 who don't have the  paperwork, don't have the rights  in some states to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00113-00050720-00051299 go and attend those  state universities? And, so,  my friends who's been
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00114-00051299-00051673 involved with Freedom  University Georgia have been  very insistent that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00115-00051673-00052176 we center this conversation  on the experience of  students who found
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00116-00052176-00052885 themselves, like the students  in the video, looking  at the situations, sort
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00117-00052885-00053345 of deciding how do  you go further? And  so, Gustavo Madrigal, I'm
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00118-00053345-00053945 hoping that you might help  us and sort of talk  about your experience as a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00119-00053945-00054451 student and how that  ended up sort of  informing Freedom University Georgia.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00120-00054451-00054976 >> GUSTAVO: Yeah, so  thank you so much.  And I guess I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00121-00054976-00055471 really have to start at  the end of my junior year  and going to my senior
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00122-00055471-00056089 year. So, at the end of  my junior year, I thought that  I was going to go to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00123-00056089-00056604 college with my friends and  that I was going to  use the Hope Scholarship,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00124-00056604-00057049 which is a state  scholarship in Georgia to be  able to pay tuition.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00125-00057049-00057502 Then, I found out  through talks with my counselor  that I was not
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00126-00057502-00058166 going to be eligible  for the Hope Scholarship, and  that I think, I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00127-00058166-00058642 remember just sort of being  in the room with her  and then she stopped
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00128-00058642-00059303 beating around the bush  and just straight up asked  me, "Are you illegal?"
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00129-00059303-00059799 and I said, "Yes," and  I didn't know exactly what  that meant, right, at the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00130-00059799-00060322 time. I knew that I  wasn't documented in some way,  but I really didn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00131-00060322-00060866 know what the extent of  that was until I found out  that I wasn't going to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00132-00060866-00061376 be able to go to  college, just like I had  planned with my friends. And,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00133-00061376-00061751 you know, at the end of  my junior year, I had a  3.9 GPA which went down
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00134-00061751-00062072 to a 3.3 by the  end of my senior year because  my senior year, I didn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00135-00062072-00062804 really care anymore. I saw  no point of, you know,  keeping the work that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00136-00062804-00063441 I had been doing going.  And so, I sort of  just stopped. Then, I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00137-00063441-00064034 graduated and then, in September  of 2009, I had a  very, very bad car
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00138-00064034-00064725 accident. And when I came  back I thought, "OK. Is  this really what life
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00139-00064725-00065182 is going to be now? Is  this really who I want to be?  Do I want to give up
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00140-00065182-00065607 on trying to go to  college?" And back then, I  didn't know. Right? I didn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00141-00065607-00066088 know that just like  me, there were hundreds  of thousands. There were
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00142-00066088-00066554 millions of people in the  same situation, and it wasn't  until after that car
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00143-00066554-00067062 accident, when I was  recovering, I was stuck at  home, I didn't know
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00144-00067062-00067387 what to do. I couldn't  work, which was the main  thing keeping me going
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00145-00067387-00068013 then, and so I did  a search for illegal students  on Google, and the first
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00146-00068013-00068494 thing that came up was  an article on the Dream  Act and then a small
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00147-00068494-00069082 portal on the web  that was a meeting  place for undocumented youth
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00148-00069082-00069592 from all over the  country. And that's sort of  when I started getting
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00149-00069592-00070220 involved with the activism  that was happening in  Atlanta and back then,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00150-00070220-00070624 the group was called  The Georgia Dreamers, and  I started getting
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00151-00070624-00070841 involved with them because  what they were doing is  they were trying to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00152-00070841-00071352 mobilize as many people  for the Dream Act as  possible. And then in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00153-00071352-00071804 late 2010, we actually were  able to push the Dream  Act up for a vote,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00154-00071804-00072385 and we got a vote,  and then it failed. It passed  the House, but it didn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00155-00072385-00072818 pass the Senate. And that  was, I think of lot of  us credit it to five
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00156-00072818-00073580 Democrats who decided to vote  against it and killed it  by voting against it.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00157-00073580-00074289 And so, I remember  then, there was this  anxiety within the youth
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00158-00074289-00074974 were a part of the  Georgia Dreamers. And that  anxiety  was, "Can we do
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00159-00074974-00075452 what we think is  the most important work  without having any
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00160-00075452-00075995 limitations placed upon that  work from, you know,  an organization that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00161-00075995-00076479 we're a part of them?"  And we decided that yes,  we could do that, but
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00162-00076479-00076832 that it would require  having a different group. It  would require having a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00163-00076832-00077160 different structure. And  it would require having  accountability to each
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00164-00077160-00077983 other. And then, so after  2011, the Dream Act, you  know, in 2011, we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00165-00077983-00078459 decided that the fight was  no longer at the federal  level, so it wasn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00166-00078459-00078785 anymore about trying to  push the Dream Act  at the federal level
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00167-00078785-00079165 because we were  fighting against many things,  but, specifically, in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00168-00079165-00079875 Georgia, we were fighting against  HB 87, and that is  like the SB 1070
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00169-00079875-00080428 copycat law that passed  in Georgia, and those laws  are still in the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00170-00080428-00080894 courts, so at any point,  you know, within the next  few years, we could
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00171-00080894-00081404 see a decision that says  HB 87, SB 1070, these  are all legals. Right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00172-00081404-00082039 So, these horrible, horrible  laws might actually be  enforced, and so we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00173-00082039-00082648 were also fighting secure  communities and HB 87,  which were these
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00174-00082648-00083074 programs where local  law enforcement cooperates  with immigration
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00175-00083074-00083470 customs enforcement to  try to streamline that  process of deportation
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00176-00083470-00084091 for as many people as possible,  who end up being  booked into  local police stations.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00177-00084091-00084368 >> ETHAN: And HB 87 was a law  that could  essentially require
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00178-00084370-00084654 all local law enforcement  to essentially  act as immigration
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00179-00084654-00085406 officials and demand  to see people's papers.  So, obviously, incredibly
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00180-00085406-00085675 threatening to any  undocumented population. When  these laws came
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00181-00085675-00086013 around, were you at  school at this point? What  had happened to you
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00182-00086013-00086412 after high school? You  got involved with Dream  activism. Where had
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00183-00086412-00086882 you wanted to go to college?  Were you planning on going  to the University of Georgia?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00184-00086882-00087351 >> GUSTAVO: Not the University  of Georgia. I was planning to  go to Kennesaw State University,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00185-00087351-00087742 and I actually was  no longer in school when  I started getting involved.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00186-00087742-00088231 I graduated high school in  2009, and 2009 is when  I had my accident,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00187-00088231-00088565 and sort of  that's where it  all began.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00188-00088565-00088991 But while I was fighting these  laws, while we were  fighting these
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00189-00088993-00089398 laws, I was no longer in school,  and so,  that definitely was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00190-00089398-00089878 a protection that you  lose once you graduate  high school. Right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00191-00089878-00090324 You're no longer  a student. You're just  another adult who's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00192-00090324-00090700 undocumented,  and who's  vulnerable.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00193-00090700-00090943 >> ETHAN: And what are  the laws in Georgia as  far as attending a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00194-00090943-00091244 state university  as an  undocumented student?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00195-00091244-00091886 >> GUSTAVO: Well,  so, as we were  fighting HB 87,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00196-00091886-00092416 as we were fighting s-com,  secure communities, and what  is the other one?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00197-00092416-00093197 287G. Yeah. The  ban came. There's too  many things. But,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00198-00093197-00093640 yeah, then the ban  came down, which said  that undocumented students
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00199-00093640-00094000 could not attend the top-five research universities  in the State of Georgia,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00200-00094002-00094392 and it also included  language that said that  any college, any
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00201-00094392-00094891 public school in the  State of Georgia that  had rejected a qualified
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00202-00094891-00095382 applicant, and for the  purposes of this ban,  qualified meant someone
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00203-00095382-00095950 with lawful status or a  US citizen, that any institution  that had rejected a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00204-00095950-00096573 qualified applicant in the  last two years could  no longer accept
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00205-00096573-00097014 undocumented students.  Now, undocumented students  not only
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00206-00097014-00097619 couldn't really go to  these top-five universities, but  also the ban was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00207-00097619-00098186 created so that it  could spread out, right? And,  you know, we couldn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00208-00098186-00098666 pay in-state tuition. We couldn't  pay out-of-state tuition.  We had to pay
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00209-00098666-00099269 international rates, which  are four times higher  than in-state tuition.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00210-00099269-00099770 And so that's sort of  where, you know, the fight  turned away from, well
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00211-00099770-00100235 not away because we  were still trying to  fight secure communities,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00212-00100235-00101004 287G, HB 87, but then  it opened up another front,  which was the educational front.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00213-00101004-00101395 >> ETHAN: So, here's  a law in Georgia  that is significantly more
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00214-00101395-00101839 restrictive than a lot  of states. A lot of  states have essentially said,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00215-00101839-00102261 "For undocumented students,  we  can't give you in-state tuition,  but you can pay
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00216-00102263-00102694 out-of-state tuition."  In Georgia, you've gone even  further and essentially said,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00217-00102694-00103017 "If you can get  in, you'll be paying  the international tuition,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00218-00103017-00103432 a much higher  rate, but beyond  that, you're not
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00219-00103432-00103688 admitted to the top-five  research universities in the  state, and for the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00220-00103688-00104308 rest of the universities in  the state, if they have  rejected anyone in the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00221-00104308-00104650 last two years, you  are not allowed admission,  because you might be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00222-00104650-00105152 taking that slot from  an otherwise rejected student."  What did you
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00223-00105152-00105603 yourself find yourself doing  at this point? You're already  at this point an
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00224-00105603-00106056 activist. You're already working  against HB 87 and  then these other
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00225-00106056-00106515 laws that are on the  books. But I know the end  of the story. You're a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00226-00106515-00106971 paralegal. You're an immigration  advocate. Did you get  to go to college?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00227-00106971-00107382 How did this end up happening?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00228-00107382-00107722 >> GUSTAVO: Yeah, so,  I did end up  going to college.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00229-00107722-00108284 So, what we  were fighting these things,  the idea for
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00230-00108284-00108818 Freedom University was  born, I think within  the professors who
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00231-00108818-00109476 are here, and Keish and,  you know, a bigger group  of people, and at that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00232-00109476-00110055 time, the group that  we had decided to create  so we could be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00233-00110055-00110497 accountable to ourselves and  not to some higher  power, right, that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00234-00110497-00110770 could dictate. What  we did was called  the Georgia Undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00235-00110770-00111477 Youth Alliance or GUYA, and  then, I mean I think  then that's sort of when
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00236-00111477-00111947 the professors and the  groups linked up, right, and  the idea for Freedom
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00237-00111947-00112493 University become a reality.  And, for me, at least,  it was going through
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00238-00112493-00112926 Freedom University and  learning about these  resources and learning
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00239-00112926-00113300 about the fact that, you  know, while I was no  longer in school, I had
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00240-00113300-00113863 been out of school for  years, and I had so lost  hope, right, that I could
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00241-00113863-00114413 continue, that I could try  to do this, that having  this team of people
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00242-00114413-00114855 behind me and working  with me would help me  and, eventually, I ended
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00243-00114855-00115344 up getting a full  ride to Hampshire College  in Western Massachusetts,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00244-00115344-00116058 and that's how I was  about to go to college. If  it wasn't for the people
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00245-00116058-00116759 here in Georgia who couldn't  be here, I remember one,  it was 4 AM in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00246-00116759-00117296 November of 2011. She  called me up, and I  was still half-asleep, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00247-00117296-00117883 she asked me, "Have you  applied to any places?" And  I said, "I haven't."
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00248-00117883-00118368 And she just, she went  off on me, and she was  like, "No. No. No. I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00249-00118368-00118626 need you to get up.  I need to to start applying.  I need you to start
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00250-00118626-00118971 writing the essays. And, you  know, at 5, I want  you to send me essay
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00251-00118971-00119268 that you wrote so that  we can edit them and  then you can continue
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00252-00119268-00119874 writing them." And so, that  kind of push, right. I  mean, that's the kind
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00253-00119874-00120440 of push that we also  needed because we were so  focused on all these
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00254-00120440-00120827 things that we had  to push back against that  we forgot to push
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00255-00120827-00121368 ourselves towards the goal that  we wanted to attain that  I think at that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00256-00121368-00121983 point became this abstract idea  of if we can manage  to get to a good
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00257-00121983-00122921 point here, I might be able to go to school, but now, it's more for the people who are on their way.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00258-00122921-00123152 >> ETHAN: So you  saw yourself needing to  win the movement first
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00259-00123152-00123592 and then have that  opportunity, and actually one  of the things that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00260-00123592-00124067 Freedom University helped you do  was sort of go from  not being able to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00261-00124067-00124480 going to one of  the most selective liberal arts  colleges in the nation,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00262-00124480-00124886 now finding yourself sort  of committed in the  longer term here.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00263-00124886-00125401 Keish, can you talk about your  story, about sort of how you  got involved with this as well?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00264-00125401-00125737 And then, I want to talk to  the professors  about how they
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00265-00125740-00126092 ended up sort of meeting the  other side  of this equation.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00266-00126092-00126760 >> KEISH: Right. No. I think  Gustavo did an amazing job laying  out sort of the all the outside
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00267-00126763-00127098 forces that was making us feel and being  you know sort of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00268-00127101-00127409 stuck in a certain type  of social and political  space. Right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00269-00127409-00127908 So, I was  in a very, very similar  space. I had always
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00270-00127908-00128385 known that I was  sort of undocumented, not  really knowing the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00271-00128385-00128671 repercussions of it until it  was college time, which a  lot of the stories
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00272-00128671-00129163 often go is when  students are trying to obtain  higher education or there
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00273-00129163-00129504 are other stories about  the driver’s licenses things.  Right? Trying to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00274-00129504-00130135 access just day-to-day like  livelihood that we sort  of meet these barriers
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00275-00130135-00130778 and realize that we cannot  have those access. So, I  was very similar in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00276-00130778-00131237 that trajectory. I had  went into my counselor,  my guidance counselor in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00277-00131237-00131589 Georgia, trying to figure out  how I can go to  school. How can I afford
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00278-00131589-00132284 school? And his answer  was that I couldn't,  or he doesn't really
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00279-00132284-00132874 understand what should be done.  So, I did my own  route. I applied to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00280-00132874-00133272 several state schools. I  applied to all the schools  that my friends were
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00281-00133272-00133626 applying to  UGA,  University of Georgia,  Georgia Tech,  Georgia State,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00282-00133626-00134166 a bunch of all the  colleges around. I applied to  a few out-of-state for
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00283-00134166-00134640 some reason. I applied to  Auburn. I applied to Emory.  So, that was a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00284-00134640-00135223 private university. But it  ended up being down, going  down to the cost.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00285-00135223-00135845 So, how can your  family who are also  undocumented and working under
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00286-00135845-00136481 the table 9-5, or  even more hours, multiple shift,  multiple jobs for low pay,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00287-00136481-00137133 to afford an international rate,   which is like what, $50,000,  $60,000 a year? I couldn't.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00288-00137133-00137429 >> ETHAN: Yeah.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00289-00137429-00137643 >> KEISH: So, my frustration.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00290-00137643-00138038 >> No access to loans.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00291-00138038-00138185 >> KEISH: No. No access to loans.  So, you needed  a US citizen to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00292-00138187-00138332 sort of like guarantee and  be a benefactor  and be a cosigner.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00293-00138332-00138799 As an undocumented person, who do  you have access that can be  a cosigner to a $120,000 loan?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00294-00138799-00139200 >> ETHAN: Nobody.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00295-00139200-00139488 >> KEISH: Nobody.  Even with papers. Even  as a citizen.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00296-00139488-00140130 So, I met that barrier. I  also graduated in 2009, and I  went into a bad place where
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00297-00140130-00140733 1, I couldn't get a job.  I was helping my parents. I  was working at a flea
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00298-00140733-00141266 market. I was frustrated.  I was really scared. I  felt that my parents'
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00299-00141266-00141684 whole reasoning coming to the  US was sort of down  the drain, and that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00300-00141684-00142316 was a lot of burden  that I carried on my part.  I was naive. I was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00301-00142316-00143030 determined to go to  school, so I started  doing solo studying, which,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00302-00143030-00143832 looking back now, wasn't very  effective. But I tried to  redo the SATs. I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00303-00143832-00144378 tried to read more. I tried  to do all these test preps  on my own for a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00304-00144378-00144999 year-and-a-half until I started  organizing. It was not a  good place to be.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00305-00144999-00145493 And the whole premise on  that, for me was, you  know, once in a while
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00306-00145493-00145693 you'll see in your  local ethnic newspaper, so  mine is Korean, Korean
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00307-00145693-00145940 newspapers about success  stories of like students  who didn't have
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00308-00145940-00146256 papers but went  into Harvard or went  into some super-prestigious
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00309-00146256-00146972 school and got a full  funding, and I think that  was my ultimate goal.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00310-00146972-00147589 Yeah, but that's not  sustainable. So, I also reached  out to a national
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00311-00147589-00148019 organizer. I think at  that time it was Perla  Law who was undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00312-00148019-00148563 at that time, who is  doing amazing work as in  UC Berkeley being the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00313-00148563-00149283 legal counselor and staff  attorney there or was. And  I reached out to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00314-00149283-00149692 them and was like,  "Hey. I'm undocumented." Or at  that time, we would
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00315-00149692-00150210 use the word illegal. I  used the word illegal. I  was like, "I'm illegal. I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00316-00150210-00150582 need, I want to go to  school. I need to go to  school. Can you help me?"
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00317-00150582-00150818 And they had connected  me to a fellow  organizer and comrade,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00318-00150818-00151383 Georgina, who was a  stronghold in Georgia, and that's  when I had gone
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00319-00151383-00151764 to the first meeting  that led up to  being the Georgia Undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00320-00151764-00152343 Youth Alliance GUYA. Yeah -  and how we got involved  with Freedom U, I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00321-00152343-00153227 think it was in  culmination of everything. Right?  With  HB 87, with policy
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00322-00153227-00153662 416, with all this  legal pressure  that's happening, with  a lot of students
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00323-00153662-00154359 getting arrested, a lot  of students being detained,  putting in deportation
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00324-00154359-00154649 proceedings, and we were  fighting. We were trying  to fight them.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00325-00154649-00154999 Right? That the  professors were also concerned  about their own
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00326-00154999-00155457 students that were around  them that were certainly  getting pressured to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00327-00155457-00156149 1 scope out and then  2 like kick out. Or  one, they lost funding. Right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00328-00156149-00156633 Because of policy 416,  the institution started figuring  out who were
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00329-00156633-00157156 undocumented and started  requesting funding. Right?  They need to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00330-00157156-00157946 pay certain bills, and they  had reached out to GUYA to  ask for some advice. Right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00331-00157946-00158601 >> ETHAN: So this  had literally affected people  who were in school
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00332-00158601-00158846 at that point for whom  tuition might go up by  a factor of 4.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00333-00158846-00159075 >> KEISH: Yeah.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00334-00159075-00159277 >> ETHAN: Because  suddenly, their citizenship  status became
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00335-00159277-00159673 critical as far as how  it was going. For you,  you were not in school,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00336-00159673-00160089 but you were starting  to get involved with  the Undocumented Rights Movement
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00337-00160089-00160419 >> KEISH: Yes.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00338-00160419-00160664 >> ETHAN: with the Dream Movement,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00339-00160664-00160886 >> KEISH: Yes.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00340-00160886-00161133 >> ETHAN: Let me now sort of   bridge over to my friends who  are teaching at University
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00341-00161135-00161392 of Georgia at this point,  and I'm sort of curious how you  sort of ended up meeting and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00342-00161392-00161793 connecting at that point. So,  maybe,  Betina, if I can, can I  go to you first on this?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00343-00161793-00162605 >> BETINA: OK. OK.  So, in 2010, when  the resolution against,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00344-00162605-00163223 the ban against  undocumented  students passed, many  of us started
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00345-00163223-00164034 considering ways in which  we could protest or oppose  to the ban. At
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00346-00164034-00164480 that time, Pam and  Bethany were already very  well-connected, and they
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00347-00164480-00164889 can tell a little more.  With students' organizations  who were protesting
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00348-00164889-00165718 against the rates of  tuition, and they were  going up and the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00349-00165718-00166460 scholarships were going down,  were shrinking. So, there  was a group
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00350-00166460-00166955 of students in  UGA, mostly upper-division and  graduate students who
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00351-00166955-00167840 were very engaged with  access to higher education.  In my department,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00352-00167840-00168780 we had recently hired  Lorgia García-Peña as the  specialist in Latino studies.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00353-00168780-00169136 >> The only  one in the  entire state, right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00354-00169136-00169472 >> BETINA: Most likely, yes.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00355-00169472-00169672 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00356-00169672-00169936 >> BETINA: Now, it has  changed a little bit, but  at that time, yes.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00357-00169936-00170278 And it was a  long fight to get  this position opened,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00358-00170278-00170632 and there was a  group of us within the  department who were thinking
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00359-00170632-00171149 that the Latino student  body was growing and that  we were not offering
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00360-00171149-00171811 anything to them, so we  were pushing for this to  happen. We got it.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00361-00171811-00172266 Lorgia was there. And  then we have this  horrible news that would
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00362-00172266-00172996 affect mostly, not only,  but mostly Latino students.  So, I remember
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00363-00172996-00173535 once talking to Lorgia in  a corridor and saying, "What  are we going to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00364-00173535-00174047 do? This is affecting us.  This is against us." And  at the same time, I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00365-00174047-00174727 think, Pam invited me  to a meeting with  students and community
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00366-00174727-00175458 members, and in that  meeting, we just starting  brainstorming on how to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00367-00175458-00176425 react directly to this  ban. I was following  the student movement GUYA,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00368-00176425-00176858 what they were doing.  I was following in the  news how young people
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00369-00176858-00177485 were putting themselves to  arrest, and I felt horrible  that I was a grown-up
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00370-00177485-00178085 person responsible for  educating these people and  was not doing
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00371-00178085-00178764 anything. So, at that point,  we met and was a  community member, Beth O,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00372-00178764-00179372 who very naively said,  “Well, you three are  teachers.” We four. There
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00373-00179372-00179733 was someone else. “Why  don’t you teach them?  They cannot go to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00374-00179733-00180004 college. Why  don’t you  teach them?”
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00375-00180004-00180721 And after that, we  started thinking of options and  toying with the idea
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00376-00180721-00181265 and, immediately, we  decided that we couldn’t  plan anything without
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00377-00181265-00181878 asking the students what  their needs were and how  this idea of teaching
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00378-00181878-00182567 a class would go with  them, so that’s when we met  with a group of GUYA
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00379-00182567-00183270 students, and Keish was there,  and we decided that it  was the way to go,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00380-00183270-00184178 and we started as a protest  and also as a way to  support this group of students.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00381-00184178-00184791 >> ETHAN: So, Pam, my  understanding of this is that  this wasn’t just a solidarity
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00382-00184791-00185250 actual. That was certainly a big  piece of that, but it  was also a very practical,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00383-00185250-00185721 educational, how do  we help students get  to the point
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00384-00185721-00186274 where they can find  the resources to find  a school that’s willing
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00385-00186274-00186674 to accept them and that  they can afford. How did  this actually work? Did
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00386-00186674-00187115 you have a classroom? Did  you meet? What did you teach?  How did this work out?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00387-00187115-00187480 >> PAM: Yeah. I remember that  during these  organizational meeting
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00388-00187483-00187863 Keish, in particular, and Gina,  who she referenced  really pushing
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00389-00187863-00188391 saying, "You know, what we  want is to be in  a college classroom." And, I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00390-00188391-00188628 think, if I'm not  misreading this, that GUYA was  saying, "This would be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00391-00188628-00189029 politically, incredibly useful to  have this kind." And  it did attract an
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00392-00189029-00189403 incredible amount of media.  And, so, we taught  that class, and because
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00393-00189403-00189860 of Lorgia García-Peña, we  were able to offer a  kind of Latinx studies
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00394-00189860-00190253 classes as well as  Latin American literature and  culture and US
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00395-00190253-00190690 immigration from a more  or less Latinx kind of  perspective or a broader
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00396-00190690-00191188 perspective, perhaps. And one  thing became really clear  and while we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00397-00191188-00191450 were fight the ban, and  while the students in the  class were at the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00398-00191450-00191776 absolute cutting edge of  that fight, there were  people like Gustavo and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00399-00191776-00192242 Keish who had already  graduated from high school  two years before and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00400-00192242-00192602 were really ready to go  to college and wanted to  do that. And what we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00401-00192602-00193124 saw when we began to  do things like SAT prep,  we needed SAT prep
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00402-00193124-00193543 books, and so the  level of solidarity nationally  was amazing. Stacks and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00403-00193543-00194001 stacks of books, not  only for this American  Studies Latinx Studies class
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00404-00194001-00194450 we were teaching, but also  for SAT prep book. And  then, the kind of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00405-00194450-00194932 solidarity that came out  of places that were  actually under resourced like
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00406-00194932-00195341 Tougaloo College in  Jackson, Mississippi, a  historically black college and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00407-00195341-00195581 university. There was an  undocumented student there that  went into the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00408-00195581-00195915 admissions office and said,  "You know, there's a lot  more people like me
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00409-00195915-00196272 who are being banned  across the South, especially  in Georgia and South
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00410-00196272-00196538 Carolina. You need to  open up these scholarships. You  need to open up
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00411-00196538-00196901 the fellowships." And so,  one of the biggest  receiving institutions that we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00412-00196901-00197229 found was one of  the poorest colleges in the  country. And the second
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00413-00197229-00197644 one that was really  fabulous was Berea College, who  in the 19th century
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00414-00197644-00197977 was one of the  first colleges to integrate along  racial lines and along
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00415-00197977-00198378 gender lines, and, in fact,  in the 1920s, the Supreme  Court came in and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00416-00198378-00198748 shut that down and  said, "You can't be integrated  along racial lines." And
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00417-00198748-00199121 so, Berea stepped up  and said, especially when  DACA passed and people
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00418-00199121-00199686 were able to work,  because it's a work-study school,  that they were able
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00419-00199686-00200075 to provide scholarships. The  alumni at Hampshire, led  by a woman who
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00420-00200075-00200363 was herself a first-generation  student, organized  to come up with the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00421-00200366-00200673 money for Gustavo's four-year  scholarship. So, what  we saw was a lot of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00422-00201154-00201603 intense organizing and  incredible solidarity coming  from the HBCU,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00423-00201603-00202250 coming from Berea, and  coming from organizations in  Athens, like that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00424-00202250-00202567 we mentioned Betu who  was the head of  the Immigrant Rights
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00425-00202567-00202867 Organization, from the  African American women who  ran the Economic
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00426-00202867-00203194 Justice Coalition and already  had networks, so this  logistically to run
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00427-00203194-00203571 something like this, you  need drivers. That's always  the issue in social
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00428-00203571-00204098 movements in the South,  right, is public transportation  is non-existent. And so
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00429-00204098-00204410 we have these teams   of drivers who  are coming out of the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00430-00204412-00204751 Economic Justice Coalition.  We were receiving  death threats from the Klan and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00431-00204751-00205018 people like that,  and so the Economic  Justice Coalition provided
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00432-00205018-00205312 someone who was out  in the parking lot while  the students were meeting
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00433-00205312-00205698 on Sundays for these  three-hour intensive classes to  watch, you know,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00434-00205698-00206044 and not to call the  police, because that wouldn't do  any good. Right? So,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00435-00206044-00206377 we had our own  kind of protection system  out of these pre-existing
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00436-00206377-00206659 solidarity networks. And some  of the people doing  the driving were
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00437-00206659-00207029 Teamsters, people from the  Racial Justice Action Center  in Atlanta. There
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00438-00207029-00207354 were lawyers that came  in from the Southern Poverty  Law Center and the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00439-00207354-00207767 Southern Center for Human  Rights that took on  some of these cases,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00440-00207767-00208381 because some students with  broken talk lights had  police records, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00441-00208381-00208752 so if they're going to  leave the state to go to  college, that had to be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00442-00208752-00209142 addressed in courtrooms and  things. So, one of  the interesting things
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00443-00209142-00209606 about Freedom U was  this incredible level of  solidarity form these
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00444-00209606-00210095 under resourced colleges and  from these existing activist  networks, I think.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00445-00210095-00210512 >> ETHAN: So when  we think of this  as four professors got
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00446-00210512-00210952 together at an  undisclosed location and held  free classes for
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00447-00210952-00211392 undocumented students,  we're seeing  like the tip of  an iceberg of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00448-00211392-00211838 organizing that includes how  do people get there?  How do you protect
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00449-00211838-00212169 the people who are there?  How do you think about  this larger question of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00450-00212169-00212873 what the goal is of  this? And it sounded like, from  very early on, the goal
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00451-00212873-00213268 was not an alternative to  being able to go to  a university. It was the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00452-00213268-00213552 opportunity to get in there.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00453-00213552-00214023 >> PAM: And you have  to realize that the initial  organizing act was this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00454-00214023-00214420 Gina that Keish's been  talking about. GUYA comes  out and does
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00455-00214420-00214840 an organizing workshop for  students in the Athens area, and  Gina's first thing was,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00456-00214840-00215275 "Everybody who's over 30, and  everybody who is a citizen,  out of the room."
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00457-00215275-00215654 And so they did   the organizing.   It was GUYA who was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00458-00215657-00216085 pushing this and  was doing the  logistical work because,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00459-00216085-00216317 you know, social movements  are the reproductive labor.  Right? And so
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00460-00216317-00216828 this was the group doing  that labor and having that  vision, I think, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00461-00216828-00216976 they were the ones  who were connected to  these activist networks and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00462-00216976-00217471 Atlanta and things. And  so, put together this, kind  of took the befuddled
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00463-00217471-00217926 professors and said, "Now look.  You know. This is what  you need to do."
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00464-00217926-00218208 >> KEISH: I mean, I  think that's real, because I  think, I don't know about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00465-00218208-00218606 you, Gustavo, but I think  a lot of us, yeah you  were too, jaded, and then
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00466-00218606-00219001 very jaded. And the  aspect or perspective like going  being in a classroom
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00467-00219001-00219342 or going to college was  far from our mind. I  think there's a reason Lorgia
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00468-00219342-00219737 had to you call at 4  AM, 5 AM and to ask  you to write a paper and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00469-00219737-00220273 application in an hour.  Right? So, I think  when even when Freedom
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00470-00220273-00220667 University, before even we  actually like claimed and  embraced that name,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00471-00220667-00221041 we were just like, "What  does this classroom actually look  like? What is it
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00472-00221041-00221416 actually supposed to do?"  And when we were using  our networks to like
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00473-00221416-00221869 let the word out  so that students actually  were attending, and actually
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00474-00221869-00222272 taking up space for  this classroom, there was a  lot of hesitancy and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00475-00222272-00222746 confusion of what  this was supposed  to be.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00476-00222746-00222974 >> ETHAN: And,  Keish, what did it  end up being?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00477-00222974-00223510 I mean, when people were  coming to these classes, you  know, what was getting taught?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00478-00223510-00224080 Was it about doing  a college-level class in  Latinx and American Studies,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00479-00224080-00224537 or was it about  thinking about what it  would mean to be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00480-00224537-00224966 someone who  was going into  higher education?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00481-00224966-00225233 >> KEISH: So there was a  lot, I think in the beginning  there was a lot of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00482-00225233-00225459 confusion. It was very  amorphous. There was a  lot of questions. Right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00483-00225459-00225823 People were asking for all  kinds of classes. For me,  at that time, I was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00484-00225823-00226313 very dead-set on like  having an actual classroom,  like a college-level
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00485-00226313-00226617 classroom was, what I  personally wanted. And that  was my personal
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00486-00226617-00227138 investment. So, at that,  that's definitely shown through,  that that was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00487-00227138-00227590 what I needed.  So, that's what  we had stated.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00488-00227590-00227879 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00489-00227879-00228377 >> Looking back now, I  remember in our first meeting  Keish was very eloquent,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00490-00228377-00228925 and she said something like,  "I have lost my personality  as a student, and I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00491-00228925-00229621 want to be a  student." So, after that, in  the class, she insisted
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00492-00229621-00229843 >> KEISH: Right.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00493-00229843-00230165 >> that she was already, again  a student. >> KEISH: Right. >>  that was a big gain.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00494-00230165-00230537 >> KEISH: Yeah. I  mean, looking back now  from where I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00495-00230537-00231083 am now, it's really ironic  and funny that there was  a syllabus that was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00496-00231083-00231603 being drafted and compiled  over the summer. Like, just  multiple drafts. I remember
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00497-00231603-00231820 >> 17 pages.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00498-00231820-00232251 >> Keish: It was a very rigorous.  It was actually a very rigorous.  I still have it with me.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00499-00232251-00232498 It was very rigorous.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00500-00232498-00232788 >> Beyond graduate school.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00501-00232788-00233113 >> KEISH: It was actually  beyond graduate school. And now  that I'm in it,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00502-00233113-00233565 I know that  it was beyond  graduate school level.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00503-00233565-00233790 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00504-00233790-00233949 >> KEISH: The funny thing was,  and then it was a very,  I think
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00505-00233952-00234117 a lot, even the naming of the classroom, even naming of Freedom University,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00506-00234117-00234318 there was a  lot of power and intention  behind it. So, the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00507-00234318-00234852 classroom, the class that  was offered was titled  as American Civilization,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00508-00234852-00235100 and this was a  little wink at Harvard  American Civilization Program at
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00509-00235100-00235360 that time. We had  then, since then, changed  our name to American Studies.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00510-00235360-00235782 We still have a lot of work to do.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00511-00235782-00236059 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00512-00236059-00236432 >> KEISH: But the classroom,   the syllabus and the syllabus   in the class was titled
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00513-00236435-00236797 American Civilization,  but what happened actually behind and inside the syllabus
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00514-00236797-00237220 was amazing, powerful  critiques on empire,  about statehood, sovereignty,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00515-00237220-00237575 about, and I was using  all kinds of scholarship and  sources that as ethnic
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00516-00237575-00237977 studies. It was American  studies at its core. We  were reading. We were
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00517-00237977-00238468 really ready graduate-level  readings. We were reading  George Lipsitz. We
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00518-00238468-00238753 were reading  Jorge Gonzalez. We  were reading
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00519-00238753-00238984 >> ETHAN: May Nai
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00520-00238984-00239508 >> KEISH: May Nai. Right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00521-00239508-00239750 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00522-00239750-00239939 >> ETHAN: I see Bethany  laughing hard  about this,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00523-00239942-00240148 and Bethany of course  is an activist historian,  has
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00524-00240148-00240525 thought a lot about  labor history and about  different social movement,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00525-00240525-00241179 sort of within the  Americas. How did you find  yourself thinking about this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00526-00241179-00241362 sort of going into  the classroom? Were you  approaching this as a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00527-00241362-00241766 scholar? Were you approaching this  as an activist? How were  you bringing yourself into this?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00528-00241766-00242147 >> PAM: Well, I mean I think what  Betina said  at the beginning.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00529-00242149-00242481 I remember the day that we  opened the  New York Times
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00530-00242481-00243028 and there was the picture  of GUYA activists who had  sat down on the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00531-00243028-00243531 street in front of the  Georgia Capitol to protest these  this spate of laws.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00532-00243531-00243939 Right? And you see  these young people in  their graduation gowns, right,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00533-00243939-00244353 from high school, sitting  down and being dragged off  by the same beefy
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00534-00244353-00244801 cops that we're all  familiar with from 100  years of Southern iconography,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00535-00244801-00245620 and the reaction is,  "This is my institution that  is now being directly
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00536-00245620-00246170 conscripted into this particular  from of injustice. There  has to be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00537-00246170-00246875 something strategic that you  can do with your  own imbrication in the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00538-00246875-00247330 committing of this injustice."  And so, reaching out  to the people who
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00539-00247330-00247771 were risking, and continue  every day, every minute that  they're up here, to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00540-00247771-00248180 risk far more than any  of us could risk, right,  but doing this, and just
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00541-00248180-00248627 saying, "Is there any  way in which our  institutional location could be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00542-00248627-00249100 useful, because none of  us wants to participate  in executing this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00543-00249100-00249603 particular ban. Right?" And  to put this in context,  it was the 50th
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00544-00249603-00250025 anniversary of the desegregation  of the University of  Georgia. And so,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00545-00250025-00250537 having fought that tooth  and nail, right, the  white state establishment at
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00546-00250537-00250868 the time was not patting  itself on the back very  publicly for the open
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00547-00250868-00251816 access to the plantation-style  campus that was at the  heart of this, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00548-00251816-00252513 so, using those realities,  strategically, we wanted to  know if the activists
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00549-00252513-00253042 who were, in fact, risking  something, could see a use  for that. Right? But
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00550-00253042-00253608 when Keish came back with,  actually the thing that would  be useful for us
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00551-00253608-00254026 would be if y'all  would do this as  a civil disobedience demonstration
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00552-00254026-00254571 project and actually do it  like you would do it, you  know. The fact was that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00553-00254571-00255192 this fight against  undocumented students and  racialized students was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00554-00255192-00255936 part of the whole move  to ban an entire branch  of knowledge from public
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00555-00255936-00256352 universities. Right? That  while Arizona was passing  these laws, that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00556-00256352-00256746 Georgia was running along  and copying, it was also  trying to throw ethnic
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00557-00256746-00257169 studies out of  its institutions of  higher learning.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00558-00257169-00257709 >> ETHAN: Right. So it  wasn't  accidental that Latinx studies was really a focus of this.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00559-00257709-00257990 This was, in part,  what you were trying  to fight for.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00560-00257990-00258211 >> PAM: Exactly.  That American Studies  and Latinx studies,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00561-00258211-00258505 ethnic studies  generally, African  American studies,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00562-00258505-00258774 these are all branches  of human knowledge that  had to, literally,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00563-00258774-00259248 fight in the streets  for inclusion in publicly-funded  education. And so,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00564-00259248-00259854 there's an awareness at  the, in the room where  these things happen that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00565-00259854-00260320 that knowledge is  dangerous. That knowledge,  liberatory knowledge is
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00566-00260320-00260883 dangerous, and I think it's  fair to say that no  one in the class had
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00567-00260883-00261503 encountered the histories  we were collectively  constructing, presented in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00568-00261503-00261913 any fashion. Right? That that  is part of the move. And  so for us, it was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00569-00261913-00262366 really powerful to get  to participate in that  knowledge creation with
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00570-00262366-00263226 people who were actively  liberating our country at  the same time.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00571-00263226-00263563 >> I want to say  that one of the effects of  having such a powerful ethnic
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00572-00263563-00264099 studies professor like Lorgia  García-Peña was that not  only did we have
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00573-00264099-00264602 the four of us  teaching, we had people fly  in. Marco Vermaier Velasquez,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00574-00264602-00265154 Yolanda Martina Sambiel, Achio  Vejas, I could go on  and on, Laura Gutierrez,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00575-00265154-00265750 flew in on their  own dimes, oftentimes, to give  classes at Freedom U,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00576-00265750-00266173 so arguably, we had  the best ethnicity studies  curriculum at the time.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00577-00266173-00266417 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00578-00266417-00266781 Frankly, you know,  and without, you  know, no budget,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00579-00266781-00267259 essentially, when you're  using sometimes the University  of Georgia, but
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00580-00267259-00267557 these were, this was  an intellectually just over the  top stimulating kind of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00581-00267557-00268030 experience to have this  level. Junot Díaz, the  famous Junot Díaz, MIT
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00582-00268030-00268700 professor, Skyped in, and Keish  got up and sort of  just went after him.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00583-00268700-00268898 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00584-00268898-00269131 >> [Spanish.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00585-00269131-00269491 >> PAM: But you know, people  were empowered  and dialoguing
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00586-00269493-00269869 and this was really a magnet  for like, you said,  a kind of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00587-00269869-00269995 demonstration project  in liberatory  knowledge
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00588-00269997-00270129 that lots of people  wanted to   participate in.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00589-00270129-00270520 >> ETHAN: But  I'm sure that,  please, go ahead.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00590-00270520-00270826 >> KEISH: Yeah, but I  was a student. So, like, on  the end of classroom, we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00591-00270826-00271076 are just soaking it in.  We don't, we're coming in  because we have said and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00592-00271076-00271608 dedicated our time into  the space. We don't know  at what scale we're
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00593-00271608-00271943 meeting these professors. Like,  we don't know what  their positions are,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00594-00271943-00272297 where they are in their  like legal, I mean scholarly  genealogy. We do not
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00595-00272297-00272692 know these things. What  we were promised, and  this was a constant
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00596-00272692-00273057 push that we still have  to do, is actually get it  accredited. So, when it was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00597-00273057-00273392 the idea was  brewing, the importance was  getting the classroom
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00598-00273392-00273846 accredited, so that if we  were to, you know transfer  or go to a two-year
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00599-00273846-00274224 college, a community college  or even a four-year  college, that the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00600-00274224-00274550 experience in the classroom  that we were actually  sitting on was being
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00601-00274550-00275087 recognized as an actual  class, which we didn't  still. Right? We still
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00602-00275087-00275516 haven't. And that sort  of morphed, and that  push was happening while
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00603-00275516-00276031 the applications, like deadlines,  were coming up, and  we started then
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00604-00276031-00276414 really pitching ideas of, "OK.  What does it mean for  us to try to apply?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00605-00276414-00276902 Because now that we  have access to professors  of a university, could
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00606-00276902-00277309 they write us recommendation  letters?  Could they do
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00607-00277312-00277780 this?" So these ideas were  just forming  as time went by.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00608-00277780-00277995 >> ETHAN: So, there's  an open question about  could Freedom University
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00609-00277995-00278235 turn into something that  could have accreditation, could  help people get
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00610-00278235-00278560 credits that they might  be able to transfer  and bring somewhere else.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00611-00278560-00279022 You've built this program,  which even just in  the first seminar,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00612-00279022-00279712 is this sort of  extraordinary Latinx Studies, and  you're doing this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00613-00279712-00280003 on Sunday  mornings, completely with  volunteer labor,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00614-00280003-00280557 at an undisclosed location,  so that the Klan,  the fucking Klan,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00615-00280557-00280996 doesn't show up to  disrupt your activities. So, I  assume the University of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00616-00280996-00281505 Georgia was thrilled with  this and was honoring  the extra service.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00617-00281505-00281724 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00618-00281724-00281951 >> ETHAN: I assume  they got rid of  some of your teaching
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00619-00281951-00282303 requirements for this, Bethany or  Pam? I've noted that three  of the four of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00620-00282303-00282640 you are no  longer teaching at  the University of Georgia.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00621-00282640-00282931 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00622-00282931-00283183 >> ETHAN:  Betina, how did UGA  react to this?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00623-00283183-00283742 >> BETINA: At the beginning,  especially  with tests,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00624-00283745-00284313 was trying to put us against  each other,  and they
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00625-00284313-00285156 would go to UGA speaker  and ask them, "What do  you have to say about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00626-00285156-00285789 this?" And the answer  that the speaker gave, the  first answer was, "Our
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00627-00285789-00286616 faculty can teach whatever  they want outside their  schedule and some
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00628-00286616-00287085 professors teach Bible  school, and we don't  care about that.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00629-00287085-00287342 >> PAM: Which is true.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00630-00287342-00287755 >> BETINA: Which is  true. So, they pretty  much put it in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00631-00287755-00288504 those terms and gave us, in  a way freedom, so we didn't  need to respond to that.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00632-00288504-00289129 >> ETHAN: But  that's not exactly  wholeheartedly embracing. >>
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00633-00289129-00289659 Let's be clear. There was  plenty of retaliation. But up  next to what other
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00634-00289659-00290277 people had on the line,  in the situation, it was  not worth worrying about,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00635-00290277-00290699 honestly. And I will  say it's important to remember  that the faculty at
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00636-00290699-00291040 University of Georgia, the  student body at University  of Georgia, same at
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00637-00291040-00291509 Georgia State, same  at multiple other universities  around the state,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00638-00291509-00292100 Armstrong State, voted to  resolutions against the ban  in support of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00639-00292100-00292538 Freedom U or other  actions that deal with  the larger immigrant
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00640-00292538-00293187 >> BETINA: All university  councils, all university forums  have at least one
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00641-00293187-00293620 resolution against the ban,  where faculty were involved  and students were involved.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00642-00293620-00293924 >> ETHAN: and public.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00643-00293924-00294703 >> PAM: An interesting thing was that the administration wouldn't go  to the Board of Regents meetings and say these things, so  there were the GUYA activists confronting the Board of Regents without,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00644-00294703-00295233 with these sort  of cowardly administrators  not saying anything,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00645-00295233-00295619 just sitting in the  audience while younger people  took on this fight.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00646-00295619-00296196 >> BETINA: And when  we have the discussion  in UGA with the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00647-00296196-00297039 university council, we proposed  a resolution against the  ban. We have a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00648-00297039-00297482 very strong reaction against  the language that we were  using. In the first
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00649-00297482-00297990 proposal, we were  using the word discrimination.  And our colleagues
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00650-00297990-00298493 who were supporting Freedom  University, who were against  the ban, they
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00651-00298493-00299125 reacted very badly to  the word discrimination. They  couldn't tolerate that,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00652-00299125-00299690 and luckily, we were  able to change that  language, and the resolution
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00653-00299690-00300350 passed. But I think that  speaks a lot about the  position of faculty, even
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00654-00300350-00300892 when they are supporters,  how they do not  want to make connections
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00655-00300892-00301506 with the past history of  the state and that creates a  lot of trouble for them.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00656-00301506-00301998 >> PAM: Although a  specialist, specifically, in the  history of living
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00657-00301998-00302293 through segregation in  Georgia, was one of  our most effective
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00658-00302293-00302725 collaborators, who came  and spoke and made  those connections herself,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00659-00302725-00303338 Barbara McCaskill, who   runs a stand-alone project   at UGA about the history of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00660-00303340-00303975 anti-black discrimination   at UGA had no trouble at all  making those connections.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00661-00303975-00304489 >> ETHAN: So, I want  to open this up to  the audience in a moment,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00662-00304489-00305058 but I just want to  ask one specific question to  everyone, starting with Keish.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00663-00305058-00305403 I know that  everyone who's been  involved with
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00664-00305403-00305923 Freedom University is both very  proud of it, but also  very insistent that it
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00665-00305923-00306498 is not the only  intervention, maybe not always  the right intervention, that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00666-00306498-00307051 there's a need for  a huge number of interventions  to deal with these
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00667-00307051-00307625 questions of access to  education. So, Keish, you're  very involved with
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00668-00307625-00308107 PUSH at Harvard. Can you  tell us a little about that?  And then, I'd love to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00669-00308107-00308420 just go sort of down  the line and hear what each  of you is involved with
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00670-00308420-00308827 right now, and maybe if  there's anything you want to  urge us as an
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00671-00308827-00309346 audience, both here and  online to get involved with,  and Pamela, when we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00672-00309346-00309742 get to you,  we'll pull up the  website associated with you.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00673-00309742-00310076 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00674-00310076-00310450 >> KEISH: I think Freedom  University as well as GUYA  are still both ongoing.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00675-00310450-00311347 Things have gotten worse,  right, in many ways? Both  of us went into
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00676-00311347-00311812 different trajectories of  different institutions, at  academic institutions,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00677-00311812-00312343 pursuing different interests, but  I mean both of  us haven't fixed our
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00678-00312343-00313202 statuses yet. And, you  know, while our scale and  our network of people
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00679-00313202-00313541 that we're interacting with  and engage with are  expanding, the core
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00680-00313541-00314031 issues and values are  still the same. So, for  me, currently being an
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00681-00314031-00314530 American Studies -- student  at Harvard, after the  recent elections, it was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00682-00314530-00314958 actually again working  closely with Lorgia García-Peña  who's currently a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00683-00314958-00315554 faculty there. It was  her classroom where we met  after. It was actually
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00684-00315554-00316055 one her, again,  one of her amazing, powerful,  undergraduate classrooms
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00685-00316055-00316455 that was being held  Monday, Wednesday. So, on  Monday, before the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00686-00316455-00316855 election result, there  was a very  powerful performance, on-campus
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00687-00316855-00317421 performance of students sort  of doing these murals  and decorating the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00688-00317421-00317835 John Harvard statue of  just doing these really  amazing and powerful
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00689-00317835-00318318 resistance acts. And then,  we got the election result  on Tuesday, went to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00690-00318318-00318698 class, and I had went  in to be with the students,  and it was a very
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00691-00318698-00319368 sorrowful moment. One, we  had to console each  other and sort of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00692-00319368-00319832 recognize each other's  pain. And, secondly, that's  when we started
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00693-00319832-00320559 writing, drafting a letter to  our president and to our  deans of what we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00694-00320559-00320920 needed, and that  sort of became what  Protect Undocumented Students
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00695-00320920-00321328 at Harvard sort of became,  and we have multiple fronts  of ask, which still
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00696-00321328-00321867 have not been met,  unfortunately, and that had to  do with having an
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00697-00321867-00322463 actual, a physical  location, an office that  is above ground.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00698-00322463-00322683 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00699-00322683-00323352 >> KEISH: That  had actually invested money  into students, protecting
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00700-00323352-00323747 undocumented students. This  meant in multiple  fronts. Now only
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00701-00323747-00324085 allocating funding to support  of emergency financial aid,  not only covers
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00702-00324085-00324460 DACA, but maybe other  funds. Maybe our parents  are being deported or
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00703-00324460-00324887 being detained and  then deportation proceedings.  Maybe  we need to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00704-00324887-00325340 help our parents sustain  themselves because our mom  and dads are
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00705-00325340-00325749 detained. Right? There's  multiple fronts where financial  need is actually
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00706-00325749-00326068 needed that people do  not always recognize. There's  always the $495 for
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00707-00326068-00326518 DACA manuals, but there is  so much more that goes  beyond that. What if
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00708-00326518-00326855 we had mixed that with  a lot of the students  were mixed status, or the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00709-00326855-00327201 students themselves may  have papers, but their  parents, their brothers
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00710-00327201-00327577 and sisters who may not  have papers? Right? So, our  needs were not only
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00711-00327577-00328019 the funding. It was not  only the legal need of  having a very radical and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00712-00328019-00328570 powerful and insistent  and stubborn attorney, a  criminal and both
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00713-00328570-00328980 immigration attorney who's  capable of pushing  certain envelopes, right,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00714-00328980-00329330 and making certain things  happen. We needed an  attorney. We needed
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00715-00329330-00329703 multiple attorneys. We needed  a collection of attorneys  who's able to do
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00716-00329703-00330114 certain things. We wanted  access to mental health.  We wanted a capable
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00717-00330114-00330406 mental health counselor and  therapist who's able to  meet the needs of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00718-00330406-00330870 not only LGBTQ,  low-income, first-gen students,  but knowing various
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00719-00330870-00331247 backgrounds of like what  it means to be  undocumented. So, these were
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00720-00331247-00331609 some of the fronts that  we needed. We'll actually ask  for more hiring of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00721-00331609-00332215 ethnic studies professors  and scholars. Multiple  fronts were asked.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00722-00332215-00333050 >> ETHAN: So, it's a  huge set of needs, and  just thinking about how
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00723-00333050-00333543 enormous these needs can  be and how enormous  these populations are,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00724-00333543-00333958 I was reminded when we  were sitting down over lunch,  that not only do
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00725-00333958-00334371 we have the 800,000  people who've applied for  DACA status or been
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00726-00334371-00334814 granted DACA status, we  have 1.3 million people  who are eligible. Since
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00727-00334814-00335093 DACA is not currently  on the books, we have  people who would be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00728-00335093-00335447 eligible for DACA, but who  are now, sort of falling  through the cracks. And
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00729-00335447-00336006 then, as you are mentioning,  you have an even larger  set of students who
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00730-00336006-00336401 have mixed families, so  that students have papers,  one or both parents
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00731-00336401-00336858 doesn't have papers, and you  find students in the a  situation where, and I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00732-00336858-00337336 find this as an educator,  I have a student who will  drop off the map, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00733-00337336-00337773 what may actually be going  on is that its student  is working full-time to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00734-00337773-00338278 keep her parents from being  deported or to figure out  what to do with the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00735-00338278-00338673 rest of the family if  parents do end up getting  deported. This whole set of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00736-00338673-00339204 needs becomes something that,  as educators, we have  a responsibility to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00737-00339204-00339721 address up 'til the point  that our government finds a  way to address this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00738-00339721-00340191 better than they're  currently addressing this now.  Gustavo, what about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00739-00340191-00340624 you? How are you involved  with this at this point?  Do you continue to be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00740-00340624-00340961 involved with Freedom U?  Are you involved with  other parts of the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00741-00340961-00341452 movement in  New York at  this point?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00742-00341452-00341835 >> GUSTAVO: So, I'm  not really involved with  Freedom U anymore.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00743-00341835-00342263 In terms of  organizing efforts, I've taken  a step back.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00744-00342263-00342924 But, one of the  motivations for when I  first got involved
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00745-00342924-00343233 was if I'm going to  go out, I'm going to go  out with a bang. Right?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00746-00343233-00343596 Like, I'm going to  make some damage. I'm going  to have an impact
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00747-00343596-00344038 before they take me out.  And I think that has translated  into my work as a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00748-00344038-00344732 paralegal where I'm  not necessarily working with  people who are
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00749-00344732-00345589 highly-skilled workers. There is  demand. Right? And they want  to bring them over.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00750-00345589-00346120 I'm working with people  who are escaping, all  kinds of violence, are
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00751-00346120-00346694 escaping poverty, are  running away from these  puppet governments that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00752-00346694-00347261 the US installed and  the sacking of the resources  of their countries, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00753-00347261-00348063 they're coming here for a  better life. Right? They just  want to work as we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00754-00348063-00348466 all do and lead a  good life, and I think that  that's sort of where it's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00755-00348466-00349162 translated for me now.  Right? There are so many  immigration cases out there.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00756-00349162-00349769 There's clean-cut ones  where there's no  criminal record. There's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00757-00349769-00350359 ones that are very, very complicated,  and those are the ones that  I like to work on.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00758-00350359-00350934 I like to work on  the ones that anyone who  could look at the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00759-00350934-00351494 surface details of it and  say, "No. Well, this is  not someone we want in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00760-00351494-00352002 this country," but it's not  so black and white. Right? So,  that's where I am now.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00761-00352002-00352353 I eventually want to  be an immigration attorney, and  I want to keep
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00762-00352353-00352989 working on this project  of, you know, like people  have rights, and people
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00763-00352989-00353421 are eligible for immigration  benefits under the INA. It may  not be pretty. It
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00764-00353421-00353748 may not be easy. There's going  to be a lot of digging,  a lot of fighting, a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00765-00353748-00354439 lot of advocating for people,  but as someone who as  of this point, doesn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00766-00354439-00355408 really have a, or doesn't  have a path to legalization,  my mentality is still, "I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00767-00355408-00356259 want to go out with  a bang." And what that  means is that making sure
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00768-00356259-00356633 that as many people who   can adjust, who can try   to obtain legalization do
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00769-00356636-00357013 that and that's where my  energies are now.  And I think that eventually,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00770-00357013-00357466 down the line, what I  would like to do, and one  of the biggest goals for
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00771-00357466-00357997 me is to be able to influence  or write legislation that  would go into the INA.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00772-00357997-00358473 Right? That would be  more humane and not  just necessarily look at
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00773-00358473-00358892 people as what kind  of economic contributions can you  make to this country,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00774-00358892-00359559 but what does this country  owe you? What does this  country owe your family?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00775-00359559-00360008 How can we repay that? And  that's sort of the impact that  I want to have down the line.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00776-00360008-00360451 >> ETHAN: There's a law  school about two stops away  on the red line.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00777-00360451-00360871 I've got some friends  over there. They often watch  these events. So, they
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00778-00360871-00361100 may want to  get in touch  with you.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00779-00361100-00361318 >> GUSTAVO: Let's talk after.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00780-00361318-00361713 >> ETHAN: They  do some pretty  good work there.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00781-00361713-00362056 Pamela, what about you?  You're now up at  Dartmouth College,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00782-00362056-00362462 a noted  hotbed of  liberal activism.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00783-00362462-00362703 What's your involvement  with the movement  at this point?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00784-00362703-00362949 >> PAM:  With Freedom  U?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00785-00362949-00363238 >> ETHAN: Yeah.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00786-00363238-00363483 >> PAM: I've, like Gustavo,  who's being too modest, I've  helped a little bit
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00787-00363483-00363981 with tours of students coming  through and doing educational  work at places like
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00788-00363981-00364212 Smith and Hampshire.  Gustavo actually organized  a tour of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00789-00364212-00364592 Freedom U students  a couple years  back in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00790-00364592-00365035 the Pioneer Valley, and they  were able to tell people  what was going on.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00791-00365035-00365494 Freedom U is ongoing.  It's being run now  by a woman named
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00792-00365494-00365858 Laura Emiko Soltis, who's  an absolutely fabulous job,  and Freedom U students
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00793-00365858-00366221 are sort of leading  not only the undocumented  student movement in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00794-00366221-00366449 Atlanta, but are major  leads in a larger kind  of network of students
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00795-00366449-00366860 who've done is pretty  powerful  civil disobedience actions,  not only at the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00796-00366860-00367219 University of Georgia, but at  the Board of Regents. And  so, what we do at
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00797-00367219-00367780 Dartmouth, which is sort of  a place that probably is  not quite where MIT
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00798-00367780-00368262 is yet in terms  of undocumented admissions, is  educational work and a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00799-00368262-00368692 lot of working with  students whose parents are  in deportation hearings
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00800-00368692-00369091 and getting professors to  write letters that go  to courtrooms in Georgia
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00801-00369091-00369495 or Nebraska or Texas or  wherever it is that talk  about that student so
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00802-00369495-00370031 that might give a judge  pause kind of thing. But  Freedom U is very much
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00803-00370031-00370701 an ongoing, you know,  kind of ongoing concern  and continues to offer
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00804-00370701-00371016 classes on Sundays and  SAT prep, and I really  want to encourage people
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00805-00371016-00371282 to go to the website.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00806-00371282-00371499 >> ETHAN: And it's  an organization that really  could use your support,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00807-00371499-00371803 and if we can just pull  up the website here, great. And  what's the URL for that?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00808-00371803-00372340 >> PAM: I think it's  www.freedomuniversitygeorgia.com  or .org maybe.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00809-00372340-00372890 There it is. There's MIT  Professor Junot Díaz  on the Colbert
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00810-00372893-00373387 Report giving his FU Georgia  T-shirt,  a sweatshirt.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00811-00373387-00373908 >> ETHAN: I was going to ask whether the name was intentional,  but I know Bethany well enough
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00812-00373908-00374092 to know that  the name absolutely  was intentional.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00813-00374092-00374475 >> BETHANY: Yes, but  all the students assumed that  we had no idea, apparently.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00814-00374475-00374711 Like, oh, those stupid adults.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00815-00374711-00374898 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00816-00374898-00375060 >> ETHAN: But I've known you  for a really, really, long time,  and I know that FU Georgia
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00817-00375060-00375263 was something  that was  probably intentional.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00818-00375263-00375444 >> We tried to argue that  we wanted   to be a freedom
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00819-00375447-00375622 school to come full-circle  to the   freedom schools
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00820-00375625-00375809 of the 60s,  but everyone's  like,  "But if we're FU,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00821-00375811-00375993 we get to shout  'FU Georgia'  at the demonstrations."
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00822-00375993-00376156 >> Which was cathartic.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00823-00376156-00376754 >> BETHANY: So anyways,  I would really encourage  people to, you know,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00824-00376754-00376948 touch base them,  to donate if  you can.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00825-00376948-00377236 As you know, most  sort of donations to 501(c)3  organizations go to the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00826-00377236-00377614 left coast and not  to the South. Some of  the most incredible political
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00827-00377614-00378144 activism is going on  in the US South  with absolutely no resources.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00828-00378144-00378648 Taking students in a  van to Berea College  to interview there with
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00829-00378648-00379080 admissions officers is a  $3,000 venture. $3,000 seems  like nothing at a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00830-00379080-00379763 place like MIT or Dartmouth,  but it can go so  far. Books, you know,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00831-00379763-00380056 materials, artist materials  for demonstrations, all  of that, transportation,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00832-00380056-00380614 getting people on a plane  to get to Hampshire to  do a workshop, so I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00833-00380614-00380975 really want to encourage people  if you can give to  give. Share it on social
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00834-00380975-00381549 media, if you get connected  with them. Volunteer if you're  in the Atlanta area.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00835-00381549-00382198 It really is, like we  were saying, it's a social  movement as much as it
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00836-00382198-00382561 is a single class on  Sundays now. And it's a  social movement that grew
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00837-00382561-00382867 with incredible solidarity with  people from all over  the country, people
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00838-00382867-00383691 flying in, people buying  books, students organizing in  Atlanta with GUYA.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00839-00383691-00384118 >> ETHAN: I actually want  to open up at this  point before we lose some
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00840-00384118-00384522 of the wonderful guests  that we have here, and  we're going to keep
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00841-00384522-00384699 going on with this conversation  both in a sort of  open Q&A here. We're
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00842-00384699-00385004 also going to move into  my space in Civic to  keep talking a little bit
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00843-00385004-00385372 further on. But, let me  just open this up a  little bit. Anyone have anything
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00844-00385372-00385623 you want to ask  these remarkable folks - the  students, the professors, so
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00845-00385623-00385962 on and so forth?Don't  leave me hanging her with  the question cube. You
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00846-00385962-00386242 know how much I desperately  want to throw this at  people within the audience.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00847-00386242-00386553 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00848-00386553-00386779 >> I thought it was some mic.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00849-00386779-00387104 >> ETHAN: Thank you, Joy.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00850-00387104-00387765 >> Thanks. Hi. I'm  Joy. I'm part of the  Center for Civic Media.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00851-00387765-00388212 Earlier you mentioned that  when you used the  word discrimination, you
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00852-00388212-00388530 got push back from faculty,  and in my own  experiences of talking about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00853-00388530-00388858 issues within institutions,  language  comes up so much  in terms of what
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00854-00388858-00389297 people are willing to engage  with. So I was 1,  curious about how you
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00855-00389297-00389637 thought about the language  based on the push back  and what language
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00856-00389637-00390105 you would have wanted to use.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00857-00390105-00390404 >> ETHAN: And I'm going to  cheat just for a moment and  brag on Joy for a second.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00858-00390404-00390773 Joy is a PhD  student in my lab and  has been doing really
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00859-00390773-00391508 remarkable research  demonstrating some  in-built biases
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00860-00391508-00391940 in computer vision  systems, and this work  that gets very
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00861-00391940-00392360 tricky because it makes  people uncomfortable. No one  likes to be called
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00862-00392360-00392869 out on biases built  into systems, but it's  incredibly important to show
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00863-00392869-00393212 what these biases are  so that people have a  chance to address them
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00864-00393212-00393516 and make those systems  better. So, language and  how we talk about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00865-00393516-00394046 this is something  that's a big subject  within our lab.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00866-00394046-00394448 >> We were certainly  aware that we had  a limited number of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00867-00394448-00394759 effective scripts available to  us for the public  leveraging of this,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00868-00394759-00395680 and that one  of them was,  frankly, do-gooder,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00869-00395680-00396034 befuddled white teacher just  wants to help the  kids get books.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00870-00396034-00396832 That had an audience,  and we talked a lot  about the trade-offs involved
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00871-00396832-00397316 in playing to some  of these scripts. The  stand-and-deliver script that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00872-00397316-00397702 says that there's a  category  of innocent, deserving, no  fault of their own
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00873-00397702-00398252 immigrants who came here  as children who are  still effectively children
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00874-00398252-00399011 and, therefore, it's not  their fault, and it contra-ed  the sort of insistent
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00875-00399011-00399499 responsiblization, the illiberal  narrative that whatever  befalls you, you
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00876-00399499-00400073 have asked for it.  "Here's one category of  people," this narrative says,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00877-00400073-00400395 "that we can point  to and say OK, we'll  give them special consideration.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00878-00400395-00400906 Right? And they're real dangers."  I think it's true, in  general, that a lot of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00879-00400906-00401397 the Dreamer Movement  has been incredibly,  ethically rigorous about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00880-00401397-00401834 refusing that narrative  and not throwing  other undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00881-00401834-00402630 immigrants under the bus  in pursuit of that particular.  I think the problem
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00882-00402630-00403224 that it sounds like you're  the expert on is how  the technology of raceless
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00883-00403224-00404070 discrimination is specifically  designed to make it impossible  to call out
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00884-00404070-00404592 the elephant in the room.  For me, it was very  important that we spent
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00885-00404592-00404976 time with immigration history  and looked at the  ways that immigration
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00886-00404976-00405204 has been specifically  structured around race.  Everyone's been
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00887-00405204-00405519 completely aware of it  at the time. The discussions  in Congress are all
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00888-00405519-00406023 about how can we keep  the country white, and yet  not use the word race
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00889-00406023-00406491 in this legislation. And when  they figure it out, they  all pat each other on
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00890-00406491-00406873 the back, over and  over again. 1924. 1952.  1965. They're thrilled that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00891-00406873-00407397 they figured out a  way to make sure that  quote the unwashed Hottentots
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00892-00407397-00408080 will not be coming  here to take jobs from  good, wholesome Americans. I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00893-00408080-00408548 think verbatim, right, out  of the 65 debates.  So, the challenge is
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00894-00408548-00409595 enormous to undo and  refuse not leave any space  for that kind of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00895-00409595-00410225 deliberate erasure of what  every knows is actually  being talked about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00896-00410225-00410547 here, and I don't think  any of us has an  answer on that. We would
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00897-00410547-00410939 probably be  coming to you  for guidance.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00898-00410939-00411298 >> ETHAN: It's really  interesting to think about  the ways in which
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00899-00411298-00411741 Freedom University  managed to  position itself,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00900-00411741-00412161 I think, very successfully  as oh my God.  Who could be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00901-00412161-00412505 against, you know, college  professors getting together  on a Sunday.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00902-00412505-00412755 >> The kids just want to learn.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00903-00412755-00413298 >> ETHAN: And  giving a chance for.  You got me.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00904-00413298-00413532 Right? I mean,  we ended up supporting  this through the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00905-00413532-00413678 disobedience prize very  much around that narrative.  What's been so
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00906-00413678-00414059 great in sort of having  you here and hearing about  this is the ways in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00907-00414059-00414454 which this was  a student-led movement  that essentially identified
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00908-00414454-00415053 something that students needed  and wanted and then  were sort of able
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00909-00415053-00415534 to go out and reach  out to some professors who were  willing to do it, but
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00910-00415534-00415968 it was the students  identifying that this was a  missing part of the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00911-00415968-00416299 experience, a part of what  people were being denied at  that point in time.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00912-00416299-00416713 >> BETINA: I would like  to point out to another  struggle that I think youth
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00913-00416713-00417328 movements also have  and, we as  organizers, organizers of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00914-00417328-00417724 Freedom University, and now  I'm in a different  organization Ulead Athens.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00915-00417724-00418353 We still have, and it's  this idea of the good immigrant  and the bad immigrant and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00916-00418353-00418971 how these kids who want  to come to MIT are  the good immigrants, but
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00917-00418971-00419536 their parents or their younger  siblings who did not pass  the AP test is the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00918-00419536-00420548 bad immigrant. So, I  think from the perspective  of the organizer or
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00919-00420548-00420986 coordinator of an  organization that worked  with undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00920-00420986-00421557 students, that is a big  struggle, and I think Ulead  Athens is working on
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00921-00421557-00422548 going around that, just  by working with mixed  status students and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00922-00422548-00423166 working with the students  who were the last ones  in the classroom and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00923-00423166-00423503 never had an advisor  who said,  "Yes. You're doing well."
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00924-00423506-00423875 We're going  after particularly  that student.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00925-00423875-00424435 >> Because people  shouldn't have to  be as
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00926-00424435-00424879 extraordinary as these two people  already were at 16 and  17 and 18 in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00927-00424879-00425383 order simply to not wake  up every day with this  hang-up. God knows we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00928-00425383-00426039 weren't. Right? This  is not about finding  just the hyper-qualified,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00929-00426039-00426400 incredible stand-out human  being and the people  who built this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00930-00426400-00427052 movement are very  clear that it's  not about that.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00931-00427052-00427378 >> You do not  need to be super-stellar  to go to college.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00932-00427378-00427833 >> Just to clarify, and  you can add on, we  weren't, I wasn't either.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00933-00427833-00428253 The process of  at least for me,  I know my
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00934-00428253-00428756 process even more, my  access to my undergraduate  degree which was a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00935-00428756-00429068 Syracuse University, another  private institution, was  actually a very
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00936-00429068-00429574 strong and powerful  network of transnational  feminists, trans-- poly--
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00937-00429574-00429901 there within the party  who are pushing their  administrators to open up a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00938-00429901-00430318 private fund, a grant,  a private grant. So, these  are happening in multiple
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00939-00430318-00430812 levels. Right? We're not  only pushing for policies  against, like in the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00940-00430812-00431223 public space. It's also  happening back doors too. So  like, it really, really
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00941-00431223-00431801 means a lot for  like  administrators, faculties to  gather  up a coalition to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00942-00431801-00432236 come up with funding  to support students if  your institution doesn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00943-00432236-00432642 publicly allow undocumented  students to come  through, so just
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00944-00432642-00433028 recognizing that is  really, really important, and  advocating for students
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00945-00433028-00433440 who does not have the  4.0 GPA, who does not  have the perfect SAT
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00946-00433440-00433878 score. I wasn't that student,  but I had people who were  advocating and advocating for me.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00947-00433878-00434212 >> ETHAN: So, I'm going to come  back to  that question about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00948-00434214-00434557 what universities can do around  this, and I'm  going to put
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00949-00434557-00434779 some of our friends from  the admissions office on the  spot, but let me
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00950-00434779-00435163 just give you  a chance to ask  a question here.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00951-00435163-00435431 >> There's a warning label on the  bottom of this that says I  should read the user manual
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00952-00435433-00435553 before using it, and I  want to be   clear that I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00953-00435556-00435699 haven't read the  user manua l for the microphone box.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00954-00435699-00435904 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00955-00435904-00436178 >> ETHAN: This is the media  lab. None of us have ever  read a user manual ever.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00956-00436178-00436346 It's actually forbidden  within >> They write  the user manuals.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00957-00436346-00436928 >> My name is Grif.  I want to thank each  of you for being here.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00958-00436928-00437272 It's so clear that you have a lot  to teach folks  who are looking to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00959-00437275-00437627 support undocumented students,   but it's also clear,   listening to each
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00960-00437630-00438002 of you that you have so much  to teach folks working  in higher education
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00961-00438004-00438322 and universities across the  board, and listening  to you speak
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00962-00438322-00438747 about the ways that  learning needs to be found  in solidarity with the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00963-00438747-00438946 labor that it's  supporting, learning through  building relationships with
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00964-00438946-00439346 drivers, the way you talked  about co-constructing  curriculum, embracing
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00965-00439346-00439896 learning as a political  act. You were mentioning  earlier that you didn't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00966-00439896-00440421 know where the professors  were on their scholarly  journey because they
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00967-00440421-00440980 were treating you like  people. I mean, there's so  much that you talked a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00968-00440980-00441283 bout that just seems  like every university in this  country is failing at.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00969-00441283-00441654 And so, I'd just like  to hear from the perspective  of faculty who have
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00970-00441654-00442174 been affiliated with big  universities and also students  who probably grew
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00971-00442174-00442517 up with an understanding  of what university was. What  are some of the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00972-00442517-00442932 lessons that really every  university should be trying to  take from your experience?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00973-00442932-00443241 >> ETHAN: Well, I'm  actually going to merge  that into a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00974-00443241-00443674 question that I'm going to  throw to my friend Jessica,  which is I'm going
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00975-00443674-00444410 to ask her to just  talk sort of briefly about what  MIT is doing well around
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00976-00444410-00444744 this, and then maybe turn  this into an open question  about what we feel
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00977-00444744-00445015 like the universities that we  know and love, whether we're  at them now or
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00978-00445015-00445311 whether a proud Hampshire  grad, what these can be  doing to sort of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00979-00445311-00445993 transform and work in  solidarity with this movement.  But Jessica, I'm
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00980-00445993-00446576 going to ask you first if  you can. So, that was a  high hard one there that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00981-00446576-00447083 was. I more lobbed what  I was going to Joy, but  it's hard when you're sitting.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00982-00447083-00447411 >> JESSICA: Do I speak into?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00983-00447411-00447785 >> ETHAN: Just speak.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00984-00447785-00448063 >> JESSICA: Hi. I'm Jessica  from the MIT admissions office,  and first I just want to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00985-00448063-00448393 thank all of you  for sharing your experiences  and stories. They are
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00986-00448393-00448693 incredibly humbling and  inspiring for all of us to hear,  so I do want to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00987-00448693-00449161 thank you all. As for  what we're doing at MIT, MIT  is one of the five
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00988-00449161-00449783 schools in the  country that offers  need-blind admissions, need-based
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00989-00449783-00450077 financial aid, and  full-need financial aid to  students regardless of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00990-00450077-00450484 citizenship. Again, that's one  of five in this  country. There are other
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00991-00450484-00451134 private institutions. Some  of the institutions you  all named. Private
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00992-00451134-00451499 institutions, some state  institutions that will provide  financial aid to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00993-00451499-00452181 undocumented students or  a DACAmented student, but  the rules around
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00994-00452181-00452688 this are pretty inconsistent. It  can be really hard to  navigate and find this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00995-00452688-00452988 information. So, as you  can imagine, there are a  lot of questions that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00996-00452988-00453283 undocumented students have  to think about that  other students don't
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00997-00453283-00453716 have to think about  as they're navigating the  college application process.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00998-00453716-00454180 So, the media lab has  collaborated with us over the  last few months to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-00999-00454180-00454534 think about ways that  we can mobilize resources  at MIT and around
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01000-00454534-00454985 Boston to serve  local  undocumented students. Obviously,  Boston is a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01001-00454985-00455229 place that's really rich  in educational resources. There  are so many
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01002-00455229-00455530 educational institutions in the  area. So, we've been  trying to think about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01003-00455530-00456188 how can we, how can  we serve this population here  in Boston and in the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01004-00456188-00456605 greater Boston area. Some of  the broad goals that I  have for the work
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01005-00456605-00457194 that we're doing together  is to mobilize resources at  MIT, to build a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01006-00457194-00457636 network in the greater  Boston area, and to  boost visibility around these
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01007-00457636-00457979 movements and these  resources. So, we've been  collaborating with local
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01008-00457979-00458516 organizations like the  Student Immigrant Movement, which  is a activist
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01009-00458516-00459047 organization that serves  undocumented students in  local high schools.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01010-00459047-00459375 We've been working with  Unafraid Educators, which is  a part of the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01011-00459375-00459742 Boston Teachers' Union,  which mobilized educators  to support
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01012-00459742-00460226 undocumented students. A  program that we're putting  on, or working
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01013-00460226-00460661 with the Boston Teachers'  Union to put on,  is a guidance counselor
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01014-00460661-00461077 training. They're hosting  a day-long training  for their guidance
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01015-00461077-00461458 counselors in Boston public  schools. We're working with  them to host a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01016-00461458-00461787 discussion and panel  around serving undocumented  students, working
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01017-00461787-00462141 with an immigration to  talk about what are  the options for students,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01018-00462141-00462847 working with guidance  counselors and student activists  to talk about
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01019-00462847-00463108 their journeys through the,  through education and what  are the options
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01020-00463108-00463573 for students, and  increasing some visibility  around these issues,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01021-00463573-00464011 knowledge around these  issues, so that those  guidance counselors are
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01022-00464011-00464426 then better-empowered to  work with the students  in their schools.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01023-00464426-00464737 >> ETHAN: And sort of  three big ideas came up  when we were talking
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01024-00464737-00465433 earlier today. One was  looking at guidance counselors  a real point of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01025-00465433-00465882 impact on this. It was  really interesting to hear both  of you sort of talk
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01026-00465882-00466115 about not getting  terrific guidance from you  high school guidance
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01027-00466115-00466376 counselors about where to go  and sort of how to  go with this. A second
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01028-00466376-00466813 point, and I thought this  was particularly interesting,  is that Chris
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01029-00466813-00467395 Peterson, a friend of many  of ours in this room,  talks about the fact that
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01030-00467395-00467922 he often ends  up seeing applications  from people, sometimes
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01031-00467922-00468133 undocumented, sometimes similarly  students who just  didn't have as
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01032-00468133-00468560 much of a chance in  high school as some of  us did, who clearly would
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01033-00468560-00468998 be right for MIT had  they taken the classes they  needed to get into a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01034-00468998-00469433 place like MIT. And  so there becomes this  really interesting challenge of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01035-00469433-00469704 for those of us  here who are grad students,  for those who are
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01036-00469704-00470041 undergrads, is there a way  that we could be involved  in sort of reaching
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01037-00470041-00470536 out to populations who  could have the opportunity to  be here, have this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01038-00470536-00471111 amazing opportunity to  be here,  need-blind, citizenship-blind,  if they had
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01039-00471111-00471511 the qualifications. And then the  third that I was really  blown away by was
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01040-00471511-00472134 this realization that in  the same way that  your movement was building
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01041-00472134-00472590 everything from Teamsters trying  to figure out how  to drive people there
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01042-00472590-00473166 to people protecting and  people thinking about, but  lawyers. We need
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01043-00473166-00473569 lawyers. We need to  help support students and  their families when
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01044-00473569-00474061 they're going through these  issues, even if the  students are fully
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01045-00474061-00474472 documented, but their in  a mixed family, that  becomes, imagine the level
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01046-00474472-00474847 of stress if you find yourself  simultaneously trying  to manage an MIT
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01047-00474847-00475212 course load and possibly  being the only person  in your house who's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01048-00475212-00475699 bilingual, helping your parents  try  to figure out how to  stay in the country.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01049-00475699-00476190 For all of you, and  we'll have this as the  last question, what should
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01050-00476190-00476458 universities be doing more of?  What can we do better  at MIT, and what
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01051-00476458-00477006 can we push other universities  that we love and care about to  do better on on this issue?
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01052-00477006-00478132 >> GUSTAVO: I think probably  the thing that I haven't  seen, because, you know,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01053-00478132-00478565 I've seen schools  add another tap on  their website that's
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01054-00478565-00478849 information for  undocumented students. Right?  And the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01055-00478849-00479226 way that I see  it, there's two sides. One  side is the undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01056-00479226-00479713 students looking to go  to college. The other  one is the universities.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01057-00479713-00480022 Right? And there's a  few universities that say,  "Yeah. We have some
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01058-00480022-00480391 resources, but," and something  you had asked earlier  like, who could be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01059-00480391-00480812 against students learning. Right?  You'd be surprised. A  lot of people. A
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01060-00480812-00481228 lot of people can be  against that and are against  that, and that shows,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01061-00481228-00481676 between those two sides,  those are the people  that are blocking access
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01062-00481676-00482303 to those resources, and  so I think more so than  just adding another tab,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01063-00482303-00482614 more so than just creating  a pamphlet, I think you  need to be actively
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01064-00482614-00483176 recruiting undocumented students  because the same  way that you
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01065-00483176-00483698 actively recruit other students  who have a breadth  of knowledge based
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01066-00483698-00483991 on their lived experiences,  we also have something  to contribute, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01067-00483991-00484545 going back to your  question about the biases  that are written inherently
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01068-00484545-00485165 into the system, I  think that's where these  knowledges, these systems of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01069-00485165-00485562 knowledge that we have  derived from our lived  experiences from our
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01070-00485562-00485976 contacts, not just with  government, but with state  institutions of all
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01071-00485976-00486513 kinds, I think we can  bring those into this place,  and we can make good
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01072-00486513-00487108 things with it. But, I  think, again, you need to be  able to step above and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01073-00487108-00487722 step beyond those people  that are trying to block  the access by actively
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01074-00487722-00488187 recruiting and being public  about it, because not a  lot of places are
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01075-00488187-00488533 public about their  admissions policies when it  comes to undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01076-00488533-00488895 students and when it comes  to financial aid. And so  I think that once you
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01077-00488895-00489477 become more visible to  the students who are already  taking huge risk by
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01078-00489477-00490349 becoming visible themselves I  think  that's the very first step  that you can take.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01079-00490349-00490715 >> KEISH: Completely agree.  That's so important. That  is so important.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01080-00490715-00491138 I the that's what  lacking at Harvard. Honestly  though, the is a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01081-00491138-00491536 really interesting audience for  me to speak to  because oftentimes, the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01082-00491536-00491874 things that we have to  highlight is, I mean we are  already in, I'm part of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01083-00491874-00492486 Harvard, and we're at MIT.  It's already a very prestigious.  You guys have a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01084-00492486-00492888 lot of funding and  we're oftentimes talking to  community college, like
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01085-00492888-00493286 students who can't even  go to afford community  college. So, recognizing
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01086-00493286-00493799 that. Recognizing that. Right?  Recognizing that. I think  Gustavo's point is
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01087-00493799-00494181 really, really important  for these -- institutions  and private institutions
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01088-00494181-00494485 who do have the funding  to step it up. So, one  thing, one sad thing to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01089-00494485-00495128 recognize is that once  Nancy Cantor, the Syracuse  chancellor left, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01090-00495128-00495398 we had an  administrator change, they  stopped funding undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01091-00495398-00495718 students. So, they  stopped receiving undocumented  students through
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01092-00495718-00496026 their private grant. So,  that's another avenue that's been  closed. And a lot
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01093-00496026-00496459 of the things that I  pushed while I was there was  to go public, but there
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01094-00496459-00496977 was resistance to that.  So, recognizing, and also  recognizing the labor of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01095-00496977-00497448 Lorgia, who's not here, and  all the faculties who are  here, there was a lot
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01096-00497448-00497732 of risks, a lot of labor,  a lot of time that they  put in on top of their
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01097-00497732-00498305 obligation, as the only  Ethnic Studies professor at  UGA. The only woman
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01098-00498305-00498671 of color. One of the  few who have like how  many students that they're
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01099-00498671-00499048 advising that they had  opened up their space to  dedicate their time to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01100-00499048-00499485 make a space for  Freedom University. I think that  needs to happen at
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01101-00499485-00499803 MIT. I think that needs  to happen at Harvard. I think  there needs to be a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01102-00499803-00500227 step up of investment,  a coalition building, and a  little bit more of
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01103-00500891-00501041 courage to contest and to  stop telling us what the  rules of how complex
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01104-00501041-00501345 these bureaucratic and  academic institutions and red  tapes are. We
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01105-00501345-00501665 already know  that there are  red tapes.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01106-00501665-00501870 [Laughing.]
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01107-00501870-00502181 >> KEISH: We're asking  you to step up.  Administrators need to step up.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01108-00502181-00502949 Students and grad students  need to step up. I think  one of the most disheartening
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01109-00502949-00503121 things that I've actually  experienced organizing at Harvard  has been this
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01110-00503121-00503452 constant separation  between undergraduates and  graduate students.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01111-00503452-00503730 So, undocumented students.  I'm still undocumented. I'm  in the graduate
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01112-00503730-00504168 program, but there's  been a constant separation  between the investment
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01113-00504168-00504505 within the needs  of undergraduate students and  graduate students, and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01114-00504505-00504841 our needs are different,  but they're still the same.  Like, what does it
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01115-00504841-00505105 mean to bring  in undocumented students as  graduate students? What
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01116-00505105-00505358 does it mean for  them to be teaching fellows  when they don't have
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01117-00505358-00505810 DACA?These questions need  to be asked and  the only ways you're
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01118-00505810-00506072 going to get answers on  the inside is as Gustavo  says. Center and invite
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01119-00506072-00506452 undocumented students and  actually hear what their  needs are and
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01120-00506452-00506828 advocating  for  them.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01121-00506828-00507095 >> GUSTAVO: Is there still a lot of anxieties  that even
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01122-00507098-00507387 someone who might have the  perfect GPA  and might have the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01123-00507387-00507792 extracurriculars. There's a lot  of anxiety because you  just don't know.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01124-00507792-00508495 You don't know. And I  think that part of being  public would also work on
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01125-00508495-00508922 this other front that I  think  has been very, very lacking,  and I don't know if
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01126-00508922-00509402 people have actually thought  about it or brought it  up, but shaming these
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01127-00509402-00510329 other institutions into coming  and living in the  present, right, not staying
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01128-00510329-00510538 in the past, not staying  in this way of thinking  where OK education still
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01129-00510538-00510842 needs to be segregated  somehow because that makes  us feel like we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01130-00510842-00511391 still have power over the  systems that be. Right? And  I think that a place
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01131-00511391-00511949 like MIT, with the clout that  it has, and if it starts  being public, and if it
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01132-00511949-00512585 starts actively recruiting  undocumented students, I think  that can also
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01133-00512585-00512892 have a domino effect  or a shaming effect  upon these other big
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01134-00512892-00513296 institutions to step it  up themselves because if  there's anything that I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01135-00513296-00513937 learned about higher education is  that no institution wants to  fall behind another institution.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01136-00513937-00514525 >> ETHAN: So, one of the things  we talked about a little bit over  lunch was the ways in which
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01137-00514525-00514938 MIT will often  do things right,  but very quietly.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01138-00514938-00515452 And this is a  place where we're doing  things right. We
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01139-00515452-00515845 are by being need-blind  and by being citizenship-blind,  that's the right step.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01140-00515845-00516373 We need to go a step  further, and we need to be  open and affirming about this.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01141-00516373-00516720 I will openly  affirm that I  welcome and encourage
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01142-00516720-00516994 undocumented students to apply  to my group here at  the media lab. I
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01143-00516994-00517697 hope that others will do  that as well. But beyond  that, this is something
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01144-00517697-00517894 that we as MIT should  have a lot of pride  in. We should actually be
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01145-00517894-00518441 talking up and actively  recruiting around on  a bunch of different
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01146-00518441-00519073 >> I think all of us who inhabit   more secure positions   in these institutions
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01147-00519073-00519436 need to help shift the  perspective and make clear that  there is not a
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01148-00519436-00520135 neutral space. When what  you're seeing, people like  y'all, are carrying the
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01149-00520135-00520504 brunt of 40 years  of deliberate constriction of  access to higher
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01150-00520504-00521037 education in this country,  and you can either  counteract that process, or
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01151-00521037-00521658 you can simply shrug  your shoulders and enable  it. But there's not
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01152-00521658-00522335 actually, there's no moment  where it holds still.  This was a deliberate
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01153-00522335-00522879 political move to make  it harder for that  vast expansion of education.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01154-00522879-00523472 Everyone had a full ride  in California in 1960 if  they could get into
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01155-00523472-00523855 college. Right? And that's  no longer how we do  that because it stopped
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01156-00523855-00524365 being simply available to  white Americans, and that  was a moment
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01157-00524365-00524905 where it started to contract.  And any of us who  work in these institutions
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01158-00524905-00525305 owe it to the people  who are taking the heat  to figure out where our
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01159-00525305-00526269 institution is in that history  and what steps we can take  from within to counteract that.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01160-00526269-00526535 >> ETHAN: I'm going to  give the last word to Betina,  and then we're going to
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01161-00526535-00526897 welcome anyone who  wants to stick  around. We're going
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01162-00526897-00527144 to go and have a  smaller  discussion over in my space  in Civic. But Betina, please.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01163-00527144-00527438 >> BETINA: Yeah. I just want to  support what  Gustavo and Keish
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01164-00527441-00527719 were saying, and I want to add  to that  that undocumented
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01165-00527719-00528499 students are not a risk  for an institution. They are  the best. They bring in
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01166-00528499-00529199 a lot of experience, and  they turn out staying in  college. In Ulead Athens,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01167-00529199-00529790 we had helped around 50  students to get into college.  From those 50, as
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01168-00529790-00530255 far as I know, only  one left. All of them are  in school. They are continuing
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01169-00530255-00530742 struggling. Some are them  are taking two classes  per semester, three
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01170-00530742-00531450 classes per semester. But,  they don't withdraw, and  I think that is
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01171-00531450-00532142 something that all colleges  need to have into  account. They are more
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01172-00532142-00532501 secure than other students  that might not finish, might  not end up graduating.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01173-00532501-00533282 >> ETHAN: So, I just want  to thank my guests for coming  out, talking about these issues.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01174-00533282-00533805 I just want to congratulate  you all for the incredible work  that Freedom University has done.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01175-00533805-00534104 I want to thank  everyone who came out  of the audience,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01176-00534104-00534477 everyone who's watching us  online. We're going to  continue this conversation.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01177-00534477-00534737 We're hoping to have  a very practical conversation  about what we
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01178-00534737-00535064 can do better here in  Boston for people who are  still engaged with us.
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01179-00535064-00535501 Come on over to the  Civic space. We'll be there  in a couple of minutes,
Ymlz5H-oj3g-01180-00535501-00536044 but thank you all  for coming out and  being part of this.
00vx7qruiaE-00000-00000041-00000336 There’s more to the internet than meets the eye.
00vx7qruiaE-00002-00000386-00000713 The days of all-conquering blogs and mini-sites are long gone.
00vx7qruiaE-00004-00000845-00001123 These days, platforms reign supreme online.
00vx7qruiaE-00005-00001123-00001416 We search for info on Google, share things on Facebook,
00vx7qruiaE-00006-00001416-00001754 and stream music to our heart’s content on iTunes and Spotify.
00vx7qruiaE-00007-00001790-00002038 Platforms stand between us and the internet.
00vx7qruiaE-00008-00002038-00002300 And they’re extremely effective at what they do.
00vx7qruiaE-00009-00002300-00002592 How do they work? Always in the same way –
00vx7qruiaE-00010-00002592-00002914 they’re free, they’re mobile, and they grow in stature as more of us use them.
00vx7qruiaE-00011-00002929-00003275 But, of course, there’s a trade-off:  “Give us your data and leave the rest to us”.
00vx7qruiaE-00012-00003300-00003571 The figures speak volumes:
00vx7qruiaE-00013-00003571-00003709 Facebook’s 2 billion monthly active users worldwide
00vx7qruiaE-00014-00003712-00003963 share 300 million photos every day.
00vx7qruiaE-00015-00003963-00004296 The company’s market cap stands at an incredible $500 billion.
00vx7qruiaE-00016-00004350-00004598 Google handles 3.5 billion daily searches
00vx7qruiaE-00017-00004598-00004918 and holds 90% of the European search engine market share.
00vx7qruiaE-00018-00004921-00005153 And the firm sold 211 million smartphones in 2016 alone.
00vx7qruiaE-00019-00005198-00005450 But the big four platforms
00vx7qruiaE-00020-00005450-00005576 Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple (so-called GAFA)
00vx7qruiaE-00021-00005576-00005871 aren’t the whole story.
00vx7qruiaE-00022-00005871-00006173 With the rise of sites likes YouTube, Airbnb, Leboncoin, Deliveroo and Uber,
00vx7qruiaE-00023-00006173-00006472 the internet is slowly turning into a vast supermarket.
00vx7qruiaE-00024-00006472-00006764 The upshot of this trend is that:
00vx7qruiaE-00025-00006764-00006991 people have become increasingly reliant on a small number of companies
00vx7qruiaE-00026-00006991-00007287 these firms see their users – at best – as a goldmine of personal data,
00vx7qruiaE-00027-00007287-00007584 and in some cases as unpaid workers.
00vx7qruiaE-00028-00007584-00007872 More worrying still, there’s little we can do, as users, to fight back
00vx7qruiaE-00029-00007872-00007972 against the growing power of these platforms.
00vx7qruiaE-00030-00008013-00008316 They control what we see and, by extension,
00vx7qruiaE-00031-00008316-00008608 what opinions we project.
00vx7qruiaE-00032-00008608-00008937 It’s a similar strategy to loss-leader displays – a proven sales-boosting technique in retail.
00vx7qruiaE-00033-00008937-00009187 But what happens when these platforms’ algorithms can influence the outcome of an election?
00vx7qruiaE-00034-00009254-00009583 The problems don’t end there, either. Platforms know everything about us – our actions and our likes.
00vx7qruiaE-00035-00009583-00009897 But what do we know about them?
00vx7qruiaE-00036-00009897-00010204 In short, nothing. They’re black boxes.
00vx7qruiaE-00037-00010204-00010504 What actually happens to the data we share with them?
00vx7qruiaE-00038-00010504-00010724 In 2015, Facebook had no qualms about striking a deal with a data wholesaler
00vx7qruiaE-00039-00010724-00011033 whose biggest clients include governments, employers and insurance firms.
00vx7qruiaE-00041-00011294-00011581 From our sexual orientation to our political allegiances, friendships or weaknesses -
00vx7qruiaE-00042-00011581-00011885 should we really be sharing our most intimate details ?
00vx7qruiaE-00043-00011885-00012138 And when you know it would take us an average of 30 days a year
00vx7qruiaE-00044-00012138-00012418 to read through these platforms’ terms and conditions in full,
00vx7qruiaE-00045-00012418-00012597 can we really say we are giving “informed consent”?
00vx7qruiaE-00046-00012639-00012936 And there’s the rub: the closer you examine these platforms,
00vx7qruiaE-00047-00012936-00013213 the more opaque they become.
00vx7qruiaE-00048-00013213-00013491 Look at the CEOs of these huge firms, for example.
00vx7qruiaE-00049-00013491-00013747 They claim they want to change the world.
00vx7qruiaE-00050-00013747-00014032 Yet their companies seem averse to paying tax. Something doesn’t add up.
00vx7qruiaE-00051-00014032-00014316 And in spite of their best efforts, these platforms aren’t infallible.
00vx7qruiaE-00052-00014348-00014651 Their algorithms “learn” by observing how we behave. That’s all well and good.
00vx7qruiaE-00053-00014651-00014936 But could these same algorithms actually be perpetuating discrimination
00vx7qruiaE-00054-00014936-00015036 and reinforcing stereotypes?
00vx7qruiaE-00055-00015082-00015392 A study found that female job-seekers are less likely
00vx7qruiaE-00056-00015392-00015742 to be shown ads for high-paid roles on Google than their male counterparts.
00vx7qruiaE-00057-00015771-00016094 Yet despite all that, platforms are hugely popular.
00vx7qruiaE-00058-00016094-00016388 In France, public transport company, banks, insurance firms,
00vx7qruiaE-00059-00016388-00016580 the public employment service agency and some government bodies
00vx7qruiaE-00060-00016596-00016876 want to create their own platforms so they can better cater to our needs.
00vx7qruiaE-00061-00016876-00017177 It’s certainly a noble ambition.
00vx7qruiaE-00062-00017177-00017461 If sharing our data helps raise service standards, then that can only be a good thing.
00vx7qruiaE-00063-00017461-00017737 But with one caveat: we have to be sure these platforms are treating us fairly.
00vx7qruiaE-00064-00017737-00017931 Platforms should be serving our interests
00vx7qruiaE-00065-00017967-00018213 – as users and as citizens.
00vx7qruiaE-00066-00018213-00018369 It’s time for us to speak up.
00vx7qruiaE-00067-00018417-00018700 If you want to help us set the right checks and balances
00vx7qruiaE-00068-00018700-00018997 head over to contribuez.cnnumerique.fr/loyaute
00vx7qruiaE-00069-00018997-00019290 and let us know your views.
00vx7qruiaE-00070-00019290-00019540 You can also take part in our campaign by using the hashtag #fairplatforms
00vx7qruiaE-00071-00019540-00019711 -- French Digital Council --
02nbfvqGCOu-00000-00001780-00002251 The INHERIT scenarios describe a positive vision on how European societies could
02nbfvqGCOu-00001-00002251-00002811 look like if the 'Triple Win' had been accomplished so the scenarios are tools
02nbfvqGCOu-00002-00002811-00003301 to support the strategic planning and decision-making processes. The
02nbfvqGCOu-00003-00003301-00003685 scenarios have these narratives of what a future could potentially look like and
02nbfvqGCOu-00004-00003685-00004186 with this although for the creation and the promotion of developments that could
02nbfvqGCOu-00005-00004186-00004828 get us there to that scenario we developed the future scenarios in six steps first
02nbfvqGCOu-00006-00004828-00005269 of all we set the framework so we decided that the scenarios would be EU
02nbfvqGCOu-00007-00005269-00005716 focused for the year 2040 they would cover the INHERIT lifestyle areas
02nbfvqGCOu-00008-00005716-00006151 would accomplish the 'Triple-Win' and also that it would be four different
02nbfvqGCOu-00009-00006151-00006664 scenarios as a second step then we identified the drivers behind the
02nbfvqGCOu-00010-00006664-00007117 scenarios, that means we analyze trends with the help of a horizon scanning
02nbfvqGCOu-00011-00007117-00007603 approach, as a third step then we rent those trends by importance and we did
02nbfvqGCOu-00012-00007603-00008143 this by inviting 30 experts from all over Europe to a workshop and to work
02nbfvqGCOu-00013-00008143-00008608 with his trends as a fourth step we selected the two excesses that would
02nbfvqGCOu-00014-00008608-00009178 divide these four scenarios like this in and they were driving sectors and social
02nbfvqGCOu-00015-00009178-00009597 dynamics as a fifth step then we developed the narratives for the
02nbfvqGCOu-00016-00009597-00010117 scenarios and finally we also created storylines of individual citizens living
02nbfvqGCOu-00017-00010117-00010364 in these scenarios.
02nbfvqGCOu-00018-00010746-00011235 After creating the scenarios we conducted focus groups in five countries in Europe
02nbfvqGCOu-00019-00011235-00011712 in Spain in the UK the Czech Republic in Macedonia and in Germany in his focus
02nbfvqGCOu-00020-00011712-00012105 groups we wanted to understand from normal citizens how they felt about the
02nbfvqGCOu-00021-00012105-00012455 scenarios what they liked about it and what they disliked about it
02nbfvqGCOu-00022-00012455-00012992 we received a lot of different comments and feedbacks but what what was very
02nbfvqGCOu-00023-00012992-00013530 strong from the feedback was that the first scenario, the one 'My life
02nbfvqGCOu-00024-00013530-00014115 between realities' was the most controversial in all countries in the
02nbfvqGCOu-00025-00014115-00014565 scenario we described a future which was very much focused on digitalization and
02nbfvqGCOu-00026-00014565-00015252 technology and while people on the one hand valued that scenario for its
02nbfvqGCOu-00027-00015252-00015822 convenience they were also afraid of losing a personal touch and losing
02nbfvqGCOu-00028-00015822-00016335 humanity in this, and on the other hand the scenario 'One for all and all for
02nbfvqGCOu-00029-00016335-00016938 one,' which described a very local life and the focus on the community was seen
02nbfvqGCOu-00030-00016938-00017379 as most appealing by many of the citizens, here the strong focus on social
02nbfvqGCOu-00031-00017379-00017816 and family cohesion was very positively.
02QG5YXR9ro-00000-00000008-00000544 Greetings and welcome to the discussion on Web Browsers and Web Servers. 
02QG5YXR9ro-00001-00000544-00000911 My name is Dan McElroy at San José City College. 
02QG5YXR9ro-00002-00000911-00001360 If you have been using a web browser such as Safari, Chrome, Firefox or Edge 
02QG5YXR9ro-00003-00001360-00001816 for awhile, you will find that you probably know some of the information 
02QG5YXR9ro-00004-00001816-00002192 contained in this discussion. Hopefully everyone will find some 
02QG5YXR9ro-00005-00002192-00002528 new and exciting things that they didn't already know about 
02QG5YXR9ro-00006-00002528-00002968 web browsers and web servers. The information in this presentation 
02QG5YXR9ro-00007-00002968-00003400 contains some material from Wikipedia and things I have written myself. 
02QG5YXR9ro-00008-00003496-00003928 The Internet is used to connect a web browser to the web server.
02QG5YXR9ro-00009-00003928-00004392 When you type an address in the browser, your request is routed to a web
02QG5YXR9ro-00010-00004392-00004816 server through the Internet. The server gets your request, does
02QG5YXR9ro-00011-00004816-00005256 something with it, such as finding a web page and then sends that page back
02QG5YXR9ro-00012-00005256-00005752 to be displayed on your browser. Programs called hyperlinked
02QG5YXR9ro-00013-00005752-00006104 applications were written during the mid and late 1980s.
02QG5YXR9ro-00014-00006160-00006640 Research papers typically have footnotes that identify where the writer referenced
02QG5YXR9ro-00015-00006640-00007095 information described in the paper. That way, the reader could locate the
02QG5YXR9ro-00016-00007095-00007480 information that was referenced. Eventually, research papers
02QG5YXR9ro-00017-00007480-00007816 were stored on disk files instead of being printed out.
02QG5YXR9ro-00018-00007816-00008240 A hyperlink in the footnote could be clicked and the material being referenced
02QG5YXR9ro-00019-00008240-00008584 would then be automatically displayed on the computer screen.
02QG5YXR9ro-00020-00008640-00009136 The reader of the research paper no longer needed to find that material by searching
02QG5YXR9ro-00021-00009136-00009624 the rows of books in the library. Following hyperlinked applications,
02QG5YXR9ro-00022-00009624-00010072 Tim Berners-Lee is credited with developing both the first web server,
02QG5YXR9ro-00023-00010072-00010656 and the first web browser in 1990. It was called WorldWideWeb
02QG5YXR9ro-00024-00010712-00011208 (no spaces) and later renamed Nexus. Many other browsers were developed,
02QG5YXR9ro-00025-00011208-00011792 with Marc Andreessen's 1993 Mosaic which later was called Netscape.
02QG5YXR9ro-00026-00011792-00012224 It was easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking
02QG5YXR9ro-00027-00012224-00012688 the internet boom of the 1990s. Today, the major web browsers are
02QG5YXR9ro-00028-00012688-00013176 Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Edge, Firefox, Opera, and Silk.
02QG5YXR9ro-00029-00013176-00013591 The explosion in popularity of the Web was triggered in September
02QG5YXR9ro-00030-00013591-00014232 1993 by Mosaic that included images and text on the same page.
02QG5YXR9ro-00031-00014232-00014744 Its founder also established the company that in 1994 released
02QG5YXR9ro-00032-00014744-00015191 Netscape Navigator. This resulted in one of the early browser
02QG5YXR9ro-00033-00015191-00015584 wars in competition with Microsoft's Internet Explorer for Windows.
02QG5YXR9ro-00034-00015672-00016047 Netscape began to threaten the very existence of Microsoft.
02QG5YXR9ro-00035-00016104-00016584 Microsoft retaliated by giving Internet Explorer away for free.
02QG5YXR9ro-00036-00016584-00016912 This caused Netscape to lose most of its income from the
02QG5YXR9ro-00037-00016912-00017416 sale of Netscape Navigator. Tim Berners-Lee was named in
02QG5YXR9ro-00038-00017416-00017792 Timemagazine's list of the 100 Most Important People
02QG5YXR9ro-00039-00017792-00018280 of the 20th century. He was honored as the "Inventor of the World Wide
02QG5YXR9ro-00040-00018280-00018840 Web"and the first web browser. The Uniform Resource Locator, or URL,
02QG5YXR9ro-00041-00018840-00019264 contains the full address that is used to locate a web page on the Internet.
02QG5YXR9ro-00042-00019336-00020320 Although it typically starts with http:// or https:// this part of the URL
02QG5YXR9ro-00043-00020320-00020840 is assumed when using a web browser. HTTP stands for Hyper
02QG5YXR9ro-00044-00020840-00021304 Text Transfer Protocol. Hyper Text indicates that the page
02QG5YXR9ro-00045-00021304-00021632 can contain links that can be clicked to move to another page.
02QG5YXR9ro-00046-00021728-00022048 Protocol is a list of rules that are followed when routing a
02QG5YXR9ro-00047-00022048-00022448 request around the Internet. There are several other Internet
02QG5YXR9ro-00048-00022448-00022944 protocols not discussed here such as FTP, File Transfer Protocol.
02QG5YXR9ro-00049-00023024-00023400 The URL contains several parts. The first part is the
02QG5YXR9ro-00050-00023400-00023824 name of the server. In this example program-info.net.
02QG5YXR9ro-00051-00023880-00024296 There is an optional list of folders on the web server to find the
02QG5YXR9ro-00052-00024296-00024712 location of the web page. Lastly, the name of the web page itself.
02QG5YXR9ro-00053-00024768-00025200 In this example, it is SampleWebPage.htm.
02QG5YXR9ro-00054-00025256-00025824 Most web pages will use .htm or .html as their file extension.
02QG5YXR9ro-00055-00025895-00026448 If a web page is not specified, the server usually looks for a file named default
02QG5YXR9ro-00056-00026448-00027152 htm or index.htm, or either of these names with the .html file extension.
02QG5YXR9ro-00057-00027280-00027760 If you want to type this address on your browser, be careful and type the
02QG5YXR9ro-00058-00027760-00028192 capitalization exactly as shown. Because this server is running
02QG5YXR9ro-00059-00028192-00028632 the Linux operating system. Capitalization does not matter on
02QG5YXR9ro-00060-00028632-00029120 servers that are running Microsoft. Here is another thing to notice.
02QG5YXR9ro-00061-00029120-00029536 The URL uses the forward slash / to separate each part
02QG5YXR9ro-00062-00029536-00029952 of the web page address. This is true even for servers that
02QG5YXR9ro-00063-00029952-00030408 are running on Microsoft which typically uses the backslash \ character
02QG5YXR9ro-00064-00030408-00030695 to separate different parts of the folder and filename.
02QG5YXR9ro-00065-00030839-00031499 The original top level domain names were .com .mil .edu .net and 
02QG5YXR9ro-00066-00031499-00031912 .org The top level domain name helps identify the type of web server.
02QG5YXR9ro-00067-00032016-00032392 Recently additional names have been added to the list such
02QG5YXR9ro-00068-00032392-00032960 as .biz .travel etc. A two-digit suffix can be added
02QG5YXR9ro-00069-00032960-00033240 to the end of the domain name to identify the country.
02QG5YXR9ro-00070-00033320-00033888 .us is for the United States of America .ca is for Canada.
02QG5YXR9ro-00071-00033888-00034232 .mx is for Mexico. .au is for Australia.
02QG5YXR9ro-00072-00034232-00034560 And the list goes on and on to cover the many countries in the world.
02QG5YXR9ro-00073-00034680-00035024 There are several million devices on the Internet.
02QG5YXR9ro-00074-00035024-00035384 The Internet is a collection of many Interconnected-Networks.
02QG5YXR9ro-00075-00035472-00035792 The way data is transferred from one device to another is
02QG5YXR9ro-00076-00035792-00036232 called 'packet switching'. Small pieces of data are transferred across
02QG5YXR9ro-00077-00036232-00036744 the Internet to allow for faster and more efficient transfer across the several
02QG5YXR9ro-00078-00036744-00037200 devices which make up the Internet. Each device on the Internet is given
02QG5YXR9ro-00079-00037200-00037720 its own address, called an IP address. Connecting one device to another
02QG5YXR9ro-00080-00037720-00038064 is similar to making a telephone call using the telephone number.
02QG5YXR9ro-00081-00038128-00038768 Each packet of data contains both the to IP and the from IP address.
02QG5YXR9ro-00082-00038768-00039000 The server receives the IP address
02QG5YXR9ro-00083-00039000-00039304 of your device and is able to send data back to it.
02QG5YXR9ro-00084-00039384-00039792 There will be more discussion on how the Internet works in a later discussion.
02QG5YXR9ro-00085-00039880-00040424 You can find the IP address of your computer or the IP address of any server
02QG5YXR9ro-00086-00040424-00040784 on the Internet by going to the command prompt on your computer.
02QG5YXR9ro-00087-00040880-00041288 Type the ipconfig command at the command prompt to get the
02QG5YXR9ro-00088-00041288-00041720 IP address of your machine. Type the ping command at the command
02QG5YXR9ro-00089-00041720-00042048 prompt to get the IP address of a server on the Internet.
02QG5YXR9ro-00090-00042104-00042728 For example to find the IP address of google.com type: ping google.com
02QG5YXR9ro-00091-00042816-00043272 Although originally, you needed to know the numeric address of the other
02QG5YXR9ro-00092-00043272-00043672 device you wanted to connect to, we now have names for the servers.
02QG5YXR9ro-00093-00043776-00044360 When google.com is entered on the address bar of a web browser, google.com needs
02QG5YXR9ro-00094-00044360-00044784 to be converted into an IP address. This is done by a Domain
02QG5YXR9ro-00095-00044784-00045248 Name Server (DNS). As new servers are added to the Internet,
02QG5YXR9ro-00096-00045248-00045632 their names and addresses are added to the Domain Name Servers.
02QG5YXR9ro-00097-00045632-00046192 Here is a web page on program-info.net. When we look closely at the web page,
02QG5YXR9ro-00098-00046192-00046616 we see the title is displayed in the operating system's window's tab.
02QG5YXR9ro-00099-00046672-00046936 The URL is in the web browser's address bar.
02QG5YXR9ro-00100-00046992-00047368 The contents of the web page is placed in its 'Body'.
02QG5YXR9ro-00101-00047368-00047712 It is using a 'heading level-1' at the top of the page.
02QG5YXR9ro-00102-00047712-00048152 The next line has a size change to make it bigger and it is bold.
02QG5YXR9ro-00103-00048216-00048584 An image is placed on the web page along with a lot of text.
02QG5YXR9ro-00104-00048648-00049016 A link to the San José City College web page is near the
02QG5YXR9ro-00105-00049016-00049536 bottom of this web page. Now here comes the Big Question.
02QG5YXR9ro-00106-00049536-00049960 What goes on behind the scenes to display a web page on your browser.
02QG5YXR9ro-00107-00050056-00050736 On the server, a web page is built using Hyper-Text Markup Language, or HTML. 
02QG5YXR9ro-00108-00050736-00051072 The HTML file contains only text characters.
02QG5YXR9ro-00109-00051136-00051616 Here is the HTML file that produces the web page displayed on the left.
02QG5YXR9ro-00110-00051616-00052128 It contains several 'tags' that control how the web page is built.
02QG5YXR9ro-00111-00052128-00052632 Tags are enclosed in angle brackets < > Most tags are grouped into pairs.
02QG5YXR9ro-00112-00052688-00053304 I can see the <html> tag at the top of the file that identifies
02QG5YXR9ro-00113-00053304-00054367 the start of the HTLM document. At the end is the closing tag </html> that
02QG5YXR9ro-00114-00054367-00054896 identifies the end of the web page. For this web page, I see the <head>
02QG5YXR9ro-00115-00054967-00055591 and </head> tags enclose the <title> and </title> tags.
02QG5YXR9ro-00116-00055591-00056144 The text within the <title> tags is displayed on the window title
02QG5YXR9ro-00117-00056144-00056496 on Windows, macOS, or what ever operating system you are using.
02QG5YXR9ro-00118-00056608-00057055 The <body> tag also contains the background color attribute
02QG5YXR9ro-00119-00057055-00057591 'bgcolor' and text color. The three primary colors for light
02QG5YXR9ro-00120-00057591-00058032 are red, green and blue as opposed to the primary colors for paint
02QG5YXR9ro-00121-00058032-00058479 of red, yellow and blue. The color attribute is expressed as two
02QG5YXR9ro-00122-00058479-00059072 hexadecimal digits each for the amount of red, green and blue light for each color
02QG5YXR9ro-00123-00059072-00059744 where 00 represents a 0 and FF represents the maximum value for that color.
02QG5YXR9ro-00124-00059744-00060655 For example #FFFFFF represents white. #000000 represents black.
02QG5YXR9ro-00125-00060832-00061504 #FF0000 gives red. #00FF00 gives green and
02QG5YXR9ro-00126-00061791-00062248 #0000FF gives blue. #808080 gives gray.
02QG5YXR9ro-00127-00062320-00062696 There will be a separate presentation on hexadecimal values.
02QG5YXR9ro-00128-00062696-00063288 The <h1> tag is part of a group of header tags h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 and
02QG5YXR9ro-00129-00063288-00063832 h6 that can be used to organize a large amount of text into separate sections
02QG5YXR9ro-00130-00063832-00064167 and make it easier to search for sections of a larger document.
02QG5YXR9ro-00131-00064240-00064696 The <h1> causes the text to be displayed bigger.
02QG5YXR9ro-00132-00064696-00065152 The <font> tag can be used to change the actual font or even change
02QG5YXR9ro-00133-00065152-00065520 the size of the text within the <font> and </font> tags.
02QG5YXR9ro-00134-00065600-00066088 The <img> tag contains attributes that identify the source of
02QG5YXR9ro-00135-00066088-00066560 the image, size and others. The alt attribute is important
02QG5YXR9ro-00136-00066560-00066904 for two reasons. It contains text that is displayed if
02QG5YXR9ro-00137-00066904-00067352 the picture file can't be found and it is also there for screen readers used
02QG5YXR9ro-00138-00067352-00067976 by blind or people with low vision. The text has <br> tags are
02QG5YXR9ro-00139-00067976-00068408 used as line breaks to move text down to the next line.
02QG5YXR9ro-00140-00068408-00068824 The <br> tag does not have a closing tag like many of the other tags.
02QG5YXR9ro-00141-00068824-00069296 Sometimes the <br> tag is shown as <br />.
02QG5YXR9ro-00142-00069512-00070040 An alternate to the <br> is the <p> paragraph tag which gives a
02QG5YXR9ro-00143-00070040-00070656 blank line before a paragraph. The <p> tag has a closing tag </p>.
02QG5YXR9ro-00144-00070656-00071368 The <a> is an 'anchor' that usually has the href attribute to provide
02QG5YXR9ro-00145-00071368-00071768 a link to another web page. The <a> tag has two parts
02QG5YXR9ro-00146-00071768-00072392 when used to create a link. The href attribute inside the <a>
02QG5YXR9ro-00147-00072456-00072784 provides the link address where to go if the link is clicked.
02QG5YXR9ro-00148-00072880-00073488 Between the <a> and the </a> tags is where text is provided that gets displayed
02QG5YXR9ro-00149-00073488-00073936 on the web page for the link. Although there are many more HTML tags
02QG5YXR9ro-00150-00073936-00074432 than shown, here is a list of the most common tags with a brief description.
02QG5YXR9ro-00151-00074432-00074792 Most of them have already been used in the sample web page.
02QG5YXR9ro-00152-00074912-00075248 In many cases, the web page sends a request to the server.
02QG5YXR9ro-00153-00075360-00075728 The server then runs a program that builds the response page and sends
02QG5YXR9ro-00154-00075728-00076464 it back to the user's web browser. However, a small program can be included
02QG5YXR9ro-00155-00076464-00076984 inside the return web page which is executed on the user's computer.
02QG5YXR9ro-00156-00076984-00077464 A JavaScript program can be placed inside the header of the web page.
02QG5YXR9ro-00157-00077464-00078152 In this example, the function compute() is executed when the user clicks
02QG5YXR9ro-00158-00078152-00078576 the "Calculate" button. The form being displayed is built
02QG5YXR9ro-00159-00078576-00079144 inside the <body> and </body> tags. This sample JavaScript program
02QG5YXR9ro-00160-00079144-00079480 computes a weekly paycheck from within the web page.
02QG5YXR9ro-00161-00079480-00079960 What is most important to recognize that this is a program sent by the server that
02QG5YXR9ro-00162-00079960-00080528 is to be run on the user's machine. JavaScript is one of the more popular and
02QG5YXR9ro-00163-00080528-00081008 better paying programming languages. As a side note, there is also a programming
02QG5YXR9ro-00164-00081008-00081432 language called Java that is used on the actual web servers.
02QG5YXR9ro-00165-00081432-00081984 You need to remember that JavaScript runs within a web page not a server.
02QG5YXR9ro-00166-00081984-00082384 Although the word Java is in the name of both languages, they are completely
02QG5YXR9ro-00167-00082384-00082704 different programming languages. The 'Save' command is one of
02QG5YXR9ro-00168-00082704-00083080 the things that has messed me up more than a few times.
02QG5YXR9ro-00169-00083080-00083568 I am used to using the Ctrl-S on a PC or Command-S on a macOS system
02QG5YXR9ro-00170-00083568-00083992 to do a save which saves the actual web page on my computer.
02QG5YXR9ro-00171-00084048-00084424 But what I wanted to do is send the data I filled out on the
02QG5YXR9ro-00172-00084424-00084872 web page to the server. Make sure you click the button
02QG5YXR9ro-00173-00084872-00085272 shown as either Submit or Save to send data back to the server.
02QG5YXR9ro-00174-00085272-00085752 Cookies are small text files a website may place on YOUR computer
02QG5YXR9ro-00175-00085752-00086216 or device when you visit. Cookies help the website to recognize
02QG5YXR9ro-00176-00086216-00086736 your device the next time you visit. Cookies serve many functions.
02QG5YXR9ro-00177-00086736-00087216 For example, they can help a company remember your username and preferences, analyze
02QG5YXR9ro-00178-00087216-00087768 how well sites are performing, or allow them to recommend content they believe
02QG5YXR9ro-00179-00087768-00088304 will be most relevant to you. The majority of websites use cookies
02QG5YXR9ro-00180-00088304-00088664 to collect and retain personal information about their visitors.
02QG5YXR9ro-00181-00088728-00089264 Most cookies collect general information, such as how visitors arrive at and use
02QG5YXR9ro-00182-00089264-00089840 a site, the device they are using, their IP address, what pages are being viewed
02QG5YXR9ro-00183-00089840-00090256 and their approximate physical location such as city, state or country.
02QG5YXR9ro-00184-00090256-00090720 Cookies can be used to monitor web site performance, remember your preferences,
02QG5YXR9ro-00185-00090720-00091224 or customize advertising campaigns based on what you have looked at before.
02QG5YXR9ro-00186-00091224-00091592 For more information about cookies and how to manage them, visit: www
02QG5YXR9ro-00187-00091592-00092368 allaboutcookies.org Typically, data is routed through six to eight different
02QG5YXR9ro-00188-00092368-00092696 computers as it passes between the browser and the server.
02QG5YXR9ro-00189-00092752-00093208 This has provided hackers the opportunity to capture and save sensitive data
02QG5YXR9ro-00190-00093208-00093664 such as bank or payment information. This is sometimes referred to as
02QG5YXR9ro-00191-00093664-00094392 the 'man in the middle attack'. Now most web traffic uses the HTTPS protocol
02QG5YXR9ro-00192-00094392-00094880 where the S stands for 'secure'. Communications are encrypted using
02QG5YXR9ro-00193-00094880-00095320 Transport Layer Security (TLS). The protocol is referred to as
02QG5YXR9ro-00194-00095320-00095992 HTTP over TLS or just HTTPS. Depending on how much room is in
02QG5YXR9ro-00195-00095992-00096448 the web browser's address bar, it will either display the URL starting
02QG5YXR9ro-00196-00096448-00097184 with http:// or https://. The symbol of a closed lock is
02QG5YXR9ro-00197-00097184-00097592 also used to indicate that the web communication is encrypted.
02QG5YXR9ro-00198-00097712-00098200 Another way of hiding your communications is through a Virtual Private Network.
02QG5YXR9ro-00199-00098200-00098584 The VPN connects your computer to a server on the Internet
02QG5YXR9ro-00200-00098584-00099120 using the VPN's connection. For example if the VPN server is in
02QG5YXR9ro-00201-00099120-00099496 another country, it will appear that you are coming from that country
02QG5YXR9ro-00202-00099496-00099984 instead of where you actually are. This can also be helpful if
02QG5YXR9ro-00203-00099984-00100360 you are connecting to the Internet through a public Wi-Fi.
02QG5YXR9ro-00204-00100360-00100744 VPNs are used by many companies when employees are working from home.
02QG5YXR9ro-00205-00100800-00101264 The VPN can make it appear that the employees are actually using a computer
02QG5YXR9ro-00206-00101264-00101656 located at the company when really they could be many miles away.
02QG5YXR9ro-00207-00101784-00102176 You may want to check some articles on the web about the advantages
02QG5YXR9ro-00208-00102176-00102640 of using a VPN if you are on a shared Wi-Fi or student network.
02QG5YXR9ro-00209-00102768-00103248 Most network connected computers keep a history in a 'log file' to keep track of
02QG5YXR9ro-00210-00103248-00103696 the communications that have occurred. These log files are very important when
02QG5YXR9ro-00211-00103696-00104080 technicians need to find out what went wrong when the network is not working.
02QG5YXR9ro-00212-00104183-00104544 One time a student wanted to get his girlfriend out of a Cosmetology
02QG5YXR9ro-00213-00104544-00105352 class early so he created a fake e-mail address DrDoom2@hotmail.com
02QG5YXR9ro-00214-00105352-00105752 without using his real name and sent a bomb threat to the college.
02QG5YXR9ro-00215-00105816-00106256 He was successful in his date. However, when the police contacted
02QG5YXR9ro-00216-00106256-00106600 Microsoft, they were able to see that the e-mail was sent from
02QG5YXR9ro-00217-00106600-00107016 an IP address at the college. The technicians at the college were
02QG5YXR9ro-00218-00107016-00107448 able to use that IP address to identify the actual computer.
02QG5YXR9ro-00219-00107511-00107976 It was in one of the open labs. The Police asked the lab supervisor
02QG5YXR9ro-00220-00107976-00108440 if they could identify who was sitting at the computer when the e-mail was sent.
02QG5YXR9ro-00221-00108440-00108768 They said, "Oh yeah. He sits there most of the day".
02QG5YXR9ro-00222-00108768-00109048 To make a long story short (ha ha) 
02QG5YXR9ro-00223-00109048-00109440 I don't know what happened to him but he wasn't seen on campus after that.
02QG5YXR9ro-00224-00109496-00109952 Most browsers have a 'Private' or 'Incognito' mode that prevents any
02QG5YXR9ro-00225-00109952-00110232 browsing history from being saved by the browser.
02QG5YXR9ro-00226-00110288-00110792 However, this doesn't stop things being logged by the server.
02QG5YXR9ro-00227-00110792-00111288 Be careful of a sense of false security. I could probably go on for
02QG5YXR9ro-00228-00111288-00111616 a couple of hours talking about the web and web pages.
02QG5YXR9ro-00229-00111616-00112016 But I need to stop somewhere. I will have another discussion
02QG5YXR9ro-00230-00112016-00112280 that covers more detail on how the Internet works.
02QG5YXR9ro-00231-00112335-00112664 If you are really interested in creating web pages, look
02QG5YXR9ro-00232-00112664-00113288 for a class on web design. Bye for now.
02XIbAblpGy-00000-00000056-00000504 Hello my friends welcome to the 14th episode
02XIbAblpGy-00001-00000504-00000840 of the Item Guide series Today we will talk about the
02XIbAblpGy-00002-00000840-00001264 last 4 attack items Bloodlust Axe, Haas's Claws,
02XIbAblpGy-00003-00001264-00001728 Berserker's Fury and Rose Gold Meteor We have no time to waste today 
02XIbAblpGy-00004-00001728-00002039 So let’s jump right into today’s topic and talk about 
02XIbAblpGy-00005-00002039-00002432 Bloodlust Axe As always we start with the stats 
02XIbAblpGy-00006-00002432-00002880 You get +70 Physical Attack and +10% Cooldown Reduction 
02XIbAblpGy-00007-00002880-00003447 It also has a unique 20% spell vamp effect and is also the only item that doesn’t have any
02XIbAblpGy-00008-00003447-00003768 passive or active effect  appart from a few boots 
02XIbAblpGy-00009-00003768-00003984 But before we get into the demonstration 
02XIbAblpGy-00010-00003984-00004296 I want to quickly explain you what spell vamp is 
02XIbAblpGy-00011-00004296-00004824 If your hero has spell vamp you regenerate HP when you deal damage with any skill 
02XIbAblpGy-00012-00004824-00005264 It does not work with basic attacks for that you have physical lifesteal 
02XIbAblpGy-00013-00005264-00005664 Magic Lifesteal also exists and this works with all magic damage you deal 
02XIbAblpGy-00014-00005664-00006048 regardless if you deal it with basic attacks of skills 
02XIbAblpGy-00015-00006048-00006344 Now that that’s out of the way let’s get into the demonstration 
02XIbAblpGy-00016-00006400-00006944 I’m using Jawhead for the demonstration As you can see after I throw bot Layla up 
02XIbAblpGy-00017-00006944-00007552 I regen 158 HP what is exactly 20% of the skill damage that I’ve dealt 
02XIbAblpGy-00018-00007552-00007928 The regen doesn’t work with basic attacks though as I said before 
02XIbAblpGy-00019-00007928-00008344 So overall it’s a very simple Item But there are many Items  
02XIbAblpGy-00020-00008344-00008672 with which you can combine it I give you some examples 
02XIbAblpGy-00021-00008672-00008920 War Axe gives you additional cooldown reduction 
02XIbAblpGy-00022-00008920-00009208 and is a good item to increase your Physical Attack 
02XIbAblpGy-00023-00009208-00009448 Endless Battle also gives you cooldown reduction 
02XIbAblpGy-00024-00009448-00009928 and Physical Lifesteal what let’s you recover HP no matter how you deal damage 
02XIbAblpGy-00025-00009928-00010208 And the true damage effect increases your damage 
02XIbAblpGy-00026-00010208-00010568 so you can combine skills and basic attacks very nicely 
02XIbAblpGy-00027-00010568-00011000 Oracle also gives you more cooldown reduction and increases your HP regen effect by 30% 
02XIbAblpGy-00028-00011080-00011376 which is very useful if your enemies build anti heal items 
02XIbAblpGy-00029-00011480-00011840 And lastly Queen’s Wings which increases your spell vamp
02XIbAblpGy-00030-00011840-00012304 once your HP is below 40% and also have 10% cooldown reduction 
02XIbAblpGy-00031-00012304-00012544 If you want to know more about this or any other Items 
02XIbAblpGy-00032-00012544-00012952 Check out the whole playlist at the end because I covered almost all items until now 
02XIbAblpGy-00033-00012952-00013288 In general it’s a good idea for most heroes who use spell vamp 
02XIbAblpGy-00034-00013288-00013600 to build Items that reduce their cooldown times by at least 30% 
02XIbAblpGy-00035-00013672-00014176 That means you can spam around your skills and therefore deal more damage and also regenerate
02XIbAblpGy-00036-00014176-00014391 more HP Just remember
02XIbAblpGy-00037-00014391-00014880 the cooldown reduction is capped at 40% Now to the heroes who can use this Item 
02XIbAblpGy-00038-00014880-00015240 You can build it on all heroes who can benefit from the spell vamp effect 
02XIbAblpGy-00039-00015240-00015608 because they deal a lot of skill based damage Examples are Fanny,
02XIbAblpGy-00040-00015608-00016160 Ruby, Balmond, Alpha or Paquito They also benefit from the cooldown reduction
02XIbAblpGy-00041-00016160-00016632 because they mainly use skills to deal damage What you definitely shouldn’t do is building it
02XIbAblpGy-00042-00016632-00017104 on heroes who mainly use basic attacks A good example is a Marksman like Lesley 
02XIbAblpGy-00043-00017104-00017344 Her first skill only enhances her basic attack 
02XIbAblpGy-00044-00017344-00017592 so she doesn’t benefit from the Spell Vamp at all 
02XIbAblpGy-00045-00017592-00017976 On her you can build a item that gives you Physical Lifesteal 
02XIbAblpGy-00046-00017976-00018384 like Haas’s Claws for example Awesome transition number 1 Check 
02XIbAblpGy-00047-00018384-00018608 Haas’s Claws We start again with the stats 
02XIbAblpGy-00048-00018608-00018976 You get +70 Physical Attack It also has a Unique +20%
02XIbAblpGy-00049-00018976-00019352 Physical Lifesteal effect again Physical Lifesteal only works with
02XIbAblpGy-00050-00019352-00019776 basic attacks that deal physical damage It has one passive effect 
02XIbAblpGy-00051-00019776-00020280 and it’s called Insanity When you HP drops below 50% your hero will
02XIbAblpGy-00052-00020280-00020696 have an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal This doesn’t have a cooldown 
02XIbAblpGy-00053-00020696-00021040 but the effect ends as soon as your HP is over 50% again 
02XIbAblpGy-00054-00021392-00021944 I’m using Jawhead again for the demonstration As you can see skill based damage doesn’t work to
02XIbAblpGy-00055-00021944-00022264 trigger the lifesteal effect but basic attacks does 
02XIbAblpGy-00056-00022264-00022704 Again 73 HP is exactly 20% of the damage that I’ve dealt 
02XIbAblpGy-00057-00022760-00023376 Now that my HP is below 50% I recover 128 HP instead of 73 
02XIbAblpGy-00058-00023376-00023888 and the 15% extra Physical Lifesteal stays until I have more than 50% HP again 
02XIbAblpGy-00059-00023952-00024232 First let’s talk about with which Items you can combine it with 
02XIbAblpGy-00060-00024288-00024672 The first would be Endless Battle First it gives you another 10% Physical
02XIbAblpGy-00061-00024672-00024816 Lifesteal and it has the
02XIbAblpGy-00062-00024816-00025240 already mentioned true damage effect This 2 items really work well together 
02XIbAblpGy-00063-00025240-00025632 Otherwise any other item that increases your basic attack damage  
02XIbAblpGy-00064-00025632-00025936 or your attack speed is very helpful because more damage
02XIbAblpGy-00065-00026032-00026464 also means more HP regeneration for you Berserker’s Fury would be an example 
02XIbAblpGy-00066-00026464-00026800 but I haven’t talked about the heroes you should build it on yet 
02XIbAblpGy-00067-00026800-00027360 so that transition is too early dammit I would strongly suggest to build it on marksman
02XIbAblpGy-00068-00027360-00027952 who deal a lot of damage with basic attacks like Lesley, Layla, Wanwan or Miya as one of
02XIbAblpGy-00069-00027952-00028195 your last items In the late game you
02XIbAblpGy-00070-00028195-00028616 as Marksman deal so much damage that with this Item together you can become
02XIbAblpGy-00071-00028616-00028792 really difficult to kill because you
02XIbAblpGy-00072-00029424-00029888 regen an absurd amount of HP with this Item It increases your chances of surviving
02XIbAblpGy-00073-00029888-00030288 much more than many defensive items and also increase your damage further 
02XIbAblpGy-00074-00030288-00030560 You can also recover all of your HP on a single Jungle Creep 
02XIbAblpGy-00075-00030560-00031016 so you don’t have to recall to the base anymore And again you can also increase your
02XIbAblpGy-00076-00031016-00031424 lifesteal by dealing more damage especially Crit Damage which you can
02XIbAblpGy-00077-00031424-00031695 get from an Item like Berserker’s Fury 
02XIbAblpGy-00078-00031695-00032200 Awesome transition number 2 check You get +65 Physical Attack 
02XIbAblpGy-00079-00032200-00032583 and +25% Crit Chance Crit Chance means obviously
02XIbAblpGy-00080-00032583-00032952 the chance to deal Crit Damage It has also a unique +40%
02XIbAblpGy-00081-00032952-00033248 Critical Damage effect what increases your damage by 40%
02XIbAblpGy-00082-00033312-00033640 when you deal crit damage Again it’s obvious but I want
02XIbAblpGy-00083-00033640-00033976 to be as clear as possible
03B9bLTZoZQ-00000-00000000-00001010 reaction to when bts is so done with army | kpop reactor
06inwHyT7l0-00000-00002247-00002430 Amelia Antrim: Welcome to a special bonus
06inwHyT7l0-00001-00002430-00002655 episode of character creation spotlight.
06inwHyT7l0-00002-00002655-00002922 Everyone in this bonus segment will be
06inwHyT7l0-00003-00002922-00003126 shining a light on some current or up and
06inwHyT7l0-00004-00003126-00003360 coming games to keep an eye out for. I'm
06inwHyT7l0-00005-00003360-00003624 one of your hosts, Amelia. And today, my
06inwHyT7l0-00006-00003624-00003894 co host Ryan and I are welcoming Ben
06inwHyT7l0-00007-00003894-00004167 Wallace to talk about broken a two player
06inwHyT7l0-00008-00004167-00004365 tragic romance RPG.
06inwHyT7l0-00009-00004473-00004584 Ryan Boelter: Welcome to Character
06inwHyT7l0-00010-00004584-00004779 Creation, Cast spotlight. Ben, it is
06inwHyT7l0-00011-00004779-00004932 really great to have you here with us.
06inwHyT7l0-00012-00004986-00005169 Ben Wallis: Thank you so much. I really
06inwHyT7l0-00013-00005169-00005355 can't tell you how much it means to be
06inwHyT7l0-00014-00005355-00005505 here. I'm really excited to be talking
06inwHyT7l0-00015-00005505-00005586 with you both. I'm
06inwHyT7l0-00016-00005586-00005874 Amelia Antrim: so excited. I'm so it's so
06inwHyT7l0-00017-00005874-00006021 good. Like whisper it. And then Ryan, you
06inwHyT7l0-00018-00006021-00006216 can make it louder. And I'm so excited for
06inwHyT7l0-00019-00006216-00006261 this.
06inwHyT7l0-00020-00006473-00006659 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, I am very excited.
06inwHyT7l0-00021-00006746-00007013 Ben, could you start off by telling us a
06inwHyT7l0-00022-00007013-00007160 bit about yourself and what sort of
06inwHyT7l0-00023-00007160-00007370 projects you have going on right now?
06inwHyT7l0-00024-00007370-00007604 Aside from broken and maybe where people
06inwHyT7l0-00025-00007604-00007706 can find you online?
06inwHyT7l0-00026-00007766-00008093 Ben Wallis: Yeah, absolutely. So I am Ben.
06inwHyT7l0-00027-00008093-00008291 And I'm also known sometimes on social
06inwHyT7l0-00028-00008291-00008588 media as that gamer priest. So you don't
06inwHyT7l0-00029-00008588-00008753 forget me? Oh, yeah, that's that gamer
06inwHyT7l0-00030-00008753-00008783 priest,
06inwHyT7l0-00031-00008840-00009005 Amelia Antrim: and not the other one.
06inwHyT7l0-00032-00009008-00009317 Ben Wallis: Exactly. And, ya know, I'm the
06inwHyT7l0-00033-00009317-00009539 co founder of the all ports open network,
06inwHyT7l0-00034-00009560-00009767 the Opportunity Network has been around
06inwHyT7l0-00035-00009767-00010040 for about five years, we do podcasts and
06inwHyT7l0-00036-00010040-00010247 streams really to teach RBG content and
06inwHyT7l0-00037-00010247-00010673 stories, audio dramas. And we recently
06inwHyT7l0-00038-00010673-00010982 launched a pong games, which is our TTRPG
06inwHyT7l0-00039-00010982-00011294 publishing wing of the portrait network.
06inwHyT7l0-00040-00011297-00011564 And we so we sort of specialize in making
06inwHyT7l0-00041-00011564-00011753 games that are all about telling great
06inwHyT7l0-00042-00011753-00011987 stories, they also are good at doing, like
06inwHyT7l0-00043-00011990-00012176 background work for a lot of them are good
06inwHyT7l0-00044-00012176-00012353 at doing background work for storytelling,
06inwHyT7l0-00045-00012353-00012761 so world building, and sort of like
06inwHyT7l0-00046-00012764-00013118 expanding a setting or even games that
06inwHyT7l0-00047-00013121-00013409 might be for like that a author might use
06inwHyT7l0-00048-00013409-00013688 to help set groundwork for a fictional
06inwHyT7l0-00049-00013688-00013865 setting or something like that. So that's
06inwHyT7l0-00050-00013865-00014138 kind of our heart and soul of what we do
06inwHyT7l0-00051-00014171-00014615 in our, in our in our a pawn Games Game
06inwHyT7l0-00052-00014615-00014780 wing that we recently launched. So we just
06inwHyT7l0-00053-00014780-00014948 launched a game called the hard lessons
06inwHyT7l0-00054-00014948-00015305 that just finished each funding. And, and
06inwHyT7l0-00055-00015305-00015503 so yeah, so that's kind of what we do. I'm
06inwHyT7l0-00056-00015503-00015905 also the I'm also the host of holy Happy
06inwHyT7l0-00057-00015905-00016232 Hour Batman, which is a Monday night TTRPG
06inwHyT7l0-00058-00016232-00016463 talk show, where here's the gaming and
06inwHyT7l0-00059-00016463-00016661 geek world join me to talk about lifespace
06inwHyT7l0-00060-00016664-00016859 faith spirituality, the two of you have
06inwHyT7l0-00061-00016859-00016913 been on that show.
06inwHyT7l0-00062-00016916-00017018 Amelia Antrim: It was a lot of fun. I
06inwHyT7l0-00063-00017018-00017198 really enjoy that show. Absolutely. Thank
06inwHyT7l0-00064-00017199-00017310 Ben Wallis: you. Thank you. So yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-00065-00017310-00017457 that's that's sort of who I am and what I
06inwHyT7l0-00066-00017457-00017568 do. Pretty cool.
06inwHyT7l0-00067-00017571-00017676 Ryan Boelter: Well, thanks so much for
06inwHyT7l0-00068-00017676-00018021 being here. Since this is an abridged
06inwHyT7l0-00069-00018021-00018288 version of our normal format, we will be
06inwHyT7l0-00070-00018288-00018558 sticking to the highlights of the system
06inwHyT7l0-00071-00018582-00018789 with special focus on character creation.
06inwHyT7l0-00072-00018828-00019089 So without further ado, how about we find
06inwHyT7l0-00073-00019089-00019434 out what this game is all about? What's in
06inwHyT7l0-00074-00019434-00019770 a game? All right. Could you start off by
06inwHyT7l0-00075-00019770-00019992 telling us a bit about the core concept
06inwHyT7l0-00076-00019995-00020085 for broken?
06inwHyT7l0-00077-00020124-00020361 Ben Wallis: Yeah, so broken is a way so
06inwHyT7l0-00078-00020361-00020538 it's funny, I say I kind of introduce it
06inwHyT7l0-00079-00020538-00020637 in different ways, depending on my
06inwHyT7l0-00080-00020637-00020832 audience. Since this is a very TTRPG
06inwHyT7l0-00081-00020832-00021060 audience. I will say it's a duet
06inwHyT7l0-00082-00021060-00021327 cooperative storytelling game. It's an
06inwHyT7l0-00083-00021330-00021570 artifact and ritual based game centered
06inwHyT7l0-00084-00021570-00021846 around telling the story of a breakup of
06inwHyT7l0-00085-00021846-00022053 starch between two characters. Usually,
06inwHyT7l0-00086-00022053-00022347 it's a romantic story. And so you create
06inwHyT7l0-00087-00022350-00022623 two characters, you create their
06inwHyT7l0-00088-00022623-00022758 relationship and their relationship
06inwHyT7l0-00089-00022758-00023082 dynamics, you gather. It's, like I said,
06inwHyT7l0-00090-00023082-00023295 it's artifacts based. So you gather 10
06inwHyT7l0-00091-00023322-00023619 physical objects, that over the course of
06inwHyT7l0-00092-00023619-00023796 10 scenes, as you are slowly breaking up.
06inwHyT7l0-00093-00023814-00024144 You break each of these objects until all
06inwHyT7l0-00094-00024144-00024366 you're left with his broken objects, and
06inwHyT7l0-00095-00024366-00024666 broken hearts. And the game's over. It's
06inwHyT7l0-00096-00024675-00024741 Amelia Antrim: awful.
06inwHyT7l0-00097-00025062-00025401 Ben Wallis: But it is, it can be pretty
06inwHyT7l0-00098-00025401-00025572 gut wrenching isn't the thing. Yeah. It's
06inwHyT7l0-00099-00025572-00025749 a very emotional game very emotionally
06inwHyT7l0-00100-00025749-00026088 deep game. very visceral, very tactile.
06inwHyT7l0-00101-00026108-00026511 Physical, can be very cathartic. Yeah. So
06inwHyT7l0-00102-00026511-00026691 sort of all of those things.
06inwHyT7l0-00103-00026712-00026945 Amelia Antrim: Yeah. We always ask what
06inwHyT7l0-00104-00026945-00027239 kind of setting you play in. In this one,
06inwHyT7l0-00105-00027243-00027489 you are playing out a relationship. So I
06inwHyT7l0-00106-00027489-00027618 sort of assume it kind of depends on the
06inwHyT7l0-00107-00027618-00027843 relationship. Yeah. Is this game kind of
06inwHyT7l0-00108-00027843-00028095 meant to do like only realistic
06inwHyT7l0-00109-00028095-00028233 relationships? Or can you do kind of
06inwHyT7l0-00110-00028233-00028352 anything that you want to with
06inwHyT7l0-00111-00028352-00028433 Ben Wallis: it? Yeah, I was really
06inwHyT7l0-00112-00028433-00028674 intentional about this. When I wrote the
06inwHyT7l0-00113-00028674-00028851 game. I very much wanted it to have
06inwHyT7l0-00114-00028851-00029055 flexibility that the like, immediate thing
06inwHyT7l0-00115-00029055-00029202 that comes to mind when you think about
06inwHyT7l0-00116-00029202-00029391 the game, or when you read the book, or go
06inwHyT7l0-00117-00029391-00029661 to play, it might be like creating a very
06inwHyT7l0-00118-00029661-00029886 realistic relationship that tells a story
06inwHyT7l0-00119-00029886-00030183 of two people who You might see and read
06inwHyT7l0-00120-00030183-00030393 in real life and their story of their
06inwHyT7l0-00121-00030393-00030606 breakup. But I really wanted to have the
06inwHyT7l0-00122-00030606-00030845 flexibility to use examples in the rules
06inwHyT7l0-00123-00030858-00031149 in the rule text of all kinds of things
06inwHyT7l0-00124-00031149-00031551 like a space emperor. And they're like, I
06inwHyT7l0-00125-00031557-00031737 can't remember what phrase I use, like
06inwHyT7l0-00126-00031737-00031926 love Prince or something. Like I really
06inwHyT7l0-00127-00031926-00032136 wanted to, like, just put out who knows
06inwHyT7l0-00128-00032136-00032343 what kinds of characters you might come up
06inwHyT7l0-00129-00032343-00032535 with. And I really wanted the game to both
06inwHyT7l0-00130-00032550-00032694 to do two things at the same time. This is
06inwHyT7l0-00131-00032694-00032940 such an important like design thing for me
06inwHyT7l0-00132-00032958-00033252 was I wanted it to both very much capture
06inwHyT7l0-00133-00033252-00033459 as much as I could manage to figure out
06inwHyT7l0-00134-00033459-00033741 how to do very much capture the visceral
06inwHyT7l0-00135-00033741-00034020 feelings of a breakup of romantic breakup.
06inwHyT7l0-00136-00034041-00034266 And also the have enough flexibility that
06inwHyT7l0-00137-00034266-00034461 if two people want to play it in kind of a
06inwHyT7l0-00138-00034500-00034767 light hearted, almost maybe not quite
06inwHyT7l0-00139-00034767-00034866 light hearted, but a little bit light
06inwHyT7l0-00140-00034866-00035052 hearted kind of way. Like we had to play
06inwHyT7l0-00141-00035052-00035349 testers who create who told the story of
06inwHyT7l0-00142-00035349-00035598 their d&d characters. They were already
06inwHyT7l0-00143-00035598-00035778 pre existing d&d characters from their
06inwHyT7l0-00144-00035778-00035937 campaign that had gone their separate
06inwHyT7l0-00145-00035937-00036195 ways. And they decided to play this game
06inwHyT7l0-00146-00036195-00036414 to tell how the two of them broke up as
06inwHyT7l0-00147-00036414-00036753 like, adventuring partners. And so I very
06inwHyT7l0-00148-00036753-00036903 much wanted the game to have enough
06inwHyT7l0-00149-00036903-00037080 flexibility that you could be as creative
06inwHyT7l0-00150-00037080-00037284 as you want with it. So yeah, so like the
06inwHyT7l0-00151-00037284-00037566 kind of the kind of like default setting,
06inwHyT7l0-00152-00037566-00037710 I think most people will think about when
06inwHyT7l0-00153-00037710-00037953 they read the book, or play the game is a
06inwHyT7l0-00154-00037953-00038109 real life romantic relationship. But it's
06inwHyT7l0-00155-00038109-00038346 certainly, I think, has the flexibility to
06inwHyT7l0-00156-00038346-00038583 do lots of things. And so one of the
06inwHyT7l0-00157-00038583-00038775 things we might get to do, and I hope we
06inwHyT7l0-00158-00038775-00039084 do, is if the game goes over our
06inwHyT7l0-00159-00039084-00039261 crowdfunding goals, and we can do stretch
06inwHyT7l0-00160-00039261-00039549 goals, we have some designers lined up who
06inwHyT7l0-00161-00039567-00039861 will write scenarios for the game, okay,
06inwHyT7l0-00162-00039861-00040152 scenarios are sort of like free packaged
06inwHyT7l0-00163-00040155-00040395 situations, like characters, there's their
06inwHyT7l0-00164-00040395-00040638 meet cute, who they are, where they are,
06inwHyT7l0-00165-00040650-00040893 the objects list that you would gather or
06inwHyT7l0-00166-00040893-00041133 write down on a popsicle stick, basically,
06inwHyT7l0-00167-00041133-00041241 all the stuff you would need to play the
06inwHyT7l0-00168-00041241-00041544 game and let you jump right in. And I
06inwHyT7l0-00169-00041544-00041718 really want those people to like do out of
06inwHyT7l0-00170-00041718-00041826 the box, things could
06inwHyT7l0-00171-00041826-00041952 Amelia Antrim: see that being really
06inwHyT7l0-00172-00041952-00042120 helpful for people to know, because this
06inwHyT7l0-00173-00042120-00042276 game, having read through it a couple of
06inwHyT7l0-00174-00042276-00042696 times, is like really powerful. If there's
06inwHyT7l0-00175-00042696-00042810 a lot happening, there's a lot of
06inwHyT7l0-00176-00042810-00043029 emotions. And I think, you know, having
06inwHyT7l0-00177-00043029-00043338 the opportunity to play with a place that
06inwHyT7l0-00178-00043341-00043509 that somebody else wrote that kind of
06inwHyT7l0-00179-00043509-00043680 gives you at least that little bit of
06inwHyT7l0-00180-00043680-00043905 distance from the subject matter. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-00181-00043908-00044118 might might be really helpful for some
06inwHyT7l0-00182-00044118-00044448 people because I can see very easily as
06inwHyT7l0-00183-00044448-00044646 somebody, like if I sat down to play this,
06inwHyT7l0-00184-00044646-00044817 even with the intention of being like, I'm
06inwHyT7l0-00185-00044817-00044976 not going to play my relationship. I'm not
06inwHyT7l0-00186-00044976-00045135 going to play my relationship. I am not
06inwHyT7l0-00187-00045135-00045345 going to play my relationship. Oops, look
06inwHyT7l0-00188-00045345-00045804 at my relationship. Nice to have some like
06inwHyT7l0-00189-00045810-00046002 pieces sort of separate you at least a
06inwHyT7l0-00190-00046002-00046206 little bit. You know, that might be good
06inwHyT7l0-00191-00046206-00046374 not only on like an entry level thing, but
06inwHyT7l0-00192-00046374-00046575 also just like an emotional strength and
06inwHyT7l0-00193-00046575-00046878 wherewithal kind of thing to have to be
06inwHyT7l0-00194-00046878-00047070 really cool to see what people what people
06inwHyT7l0-00195-00047070-00047322 bring to it, though. You did one recently
06inwHyT7l0-00196-00047322-00047724 with was with Dora from Alchemist versus
06inwHyT7l0-00197-00047724-00047961 tune in to oh my gosh, that was like I get
06inwHyT7l0-00198-00047961-00048192 to watch you. Like I need to find time to
06inwHyT7l0-00199-00048192-00048348 sit down and do it. Because as soon as I
06inwHyT7l0-00200-00048348-00048546 saw the two of you were doing it together.
06inwHyT7l0-00201-00048546-00048810 I was like, I need to know how this goes.
06inwHyT7l0-00202-00048812-00048986 Ben Wallis: It was so good. I could not
06inwHyT7l0-00203-00048986-00049220 recommend it enough. The whole stream is
06inwHyT7l0-00204-00049220-00049463 very long because we created out we did a
06inwHyT7l0-00205-00049466-00049667 we did a mash up, which I'm now kind of
06inwHyT7l0-00206-00049667-00049910 obsessed with doing with was broken. But
06inwHyT7l0-00207-00049910-00050195 we didn't we use the alchemist uses to
06inwHyT7l0-00208-00050222-00050441 create Alchemist versus characters fully
06inwHyT7l0-00209-00050441-00050633 and authentically Alchemist just as
06inwHyT7l0-00210-00050633-00050693 characters
06inwHyT7l0-00211-00050706-00050943 Amelia Antrim: and already has like very,
06inwHyT7l0-00212-00050997-00051201 like complicated Love Story stuff
06inwHyT7l0-00213-00051201-00051264 happening.
06inwHyT7l0-00214-00051272-00051425 Ben Wallis: Exactly. And then we took two
06inwHyT7l0-00215-00051425-00051611 of those characters, we just played broken
06inwHyT7l0-00216-00051611-00051932 with them. And it was such a great way to
06inwHyT7l0-00217-00051932-00052256 play broken like, it was so fun. And that
06inwHyT7l0-00218-00052256-00052631 Endora was amazing. And it was it was such
06inwHyT7l0-00219-00052634-00052856 a great. Yeah, it was such a great version
06inwHyT7l0-00220-00052856-00053078 of the game. It helped me as the designer
06inwHyT7l0-00221-00053081-00053294 to be like, Wow, yeah, the flexibility
06inwHyT7l0-00222-00053294-00053417 that this game has to do different things
06inwHyT7l0-00223-00053417-00053633 are so cool seeing it in like a magical
06inwHyT7l0-00224-00053633-00054002 girl anime setting. One of the things I
06inwHyT7l0-00225-00054002-00054212 really have come to enjoy about playing
06inwHyT7l0-00226-00054212-00054401 broken with people, because this is kind
06inwHyT7l0-00227-00054401-00054563 of like my favorite thing about it is
06inwHyT7l0-00228-00054566-00054689 playing with people who have ideas in our
06inwHyT7l0-00229-00054689-00054875 mind, that's like my favorite thing. And
06inwHyT7l0-00230-00054875-00055115 so like one of the things people have kind
06inwHyT7l0-00231-00055115-00055298 of introduced to me that I didn't
06inwHyT7l0-00232-00055304-00055544 anticipate for this game, necessarily,
06inwHyT7l0-00233-00055544-00055748 which is that you can take like playing
06inwHyT7l0-00234-00055748-00055931 what I'm calling playing in the margins.
06inwHyT7l0-00235-00055961-00056297 So like, I played a rom com and it was
06inwHyT7l0-00236-00056297-00056408 somebody and it was like a very
06inwHyT7l0-00237-00056408-00056852 stereotypical 80s rom com and we the way
06inwHyT7l0-00238-00056852-00057026 we kind of set those scenes was that it
06inwHyT7l0-00239-00057026-00057362 was like all of this broken scenes that we
06inwHyT7l0-00240-00057362-00057578 played out were like the moments right
06inwHyT7l0-00241-00057578-00057809 after the scene that would be in the 80s
06inwHyT7l0-00242-00057809-00058175 rom com movie so if you know you have
06inwHyT7l0-00243-00058178-00058397 right so we would sort of say okay,
06inwHyT7l0-00244-00058401-00058488 Amelia Antrim: it's always like the moment
06inwHyT7l0-00245-00058488-00058746 they get together then the movies yeah
06inwHyT7l0-00246-00058746-00058923 scene like I'd write thing happens and
06inwHyT7l0-00247-00058923-00059154 then we never like see what happens after
06inwHyT7l0-00248-00059157-00059424 Ben Wallis: Yeah. Even like along the way.
06inwHyT7l0-00249-00059424-00059625 So like we did like there was you know a
06inwHyT7l0-00250-00059625-00059913 lot of 80s movies there's like the the
06inwHyT7l0-00251-00059913-00060254 male protagonist stuff shows up the the
06inwHyT7l0-00252-00060282-00060450 antagonists in a big scene where
06inwHyT7l0-00253-00060450-00060675 everyone's ends up cheering for the
06inwHyT7l0-00254-00060675-00060891 protagonist by the end of it. Well, we did
06inwHyT7l0-00255-00060891-00061152 one of those but like the what you forgot,
06inwHyT7l0-00256-00061154-00061304 because I have we haven't said this on the
06inwHyT7l0-00257-00061304-00061536 show. But the main scene framing is the
06inwHyT7l0-00258-00061536-00061730 ritual for that is that one person says
06inwHyT7l0-00259-00061746-00061991 remember when and then sets the scene. And
06inwHyT7l0-00260-00061991-00062163 the other player says, But you forgot
06inwHyT7l0-00261-00062163-00062382 about and sets the scene. So what the way
06inwHyT7l0-00262-00062382-00062516 we treated that was the boat but you
06inwHyT7l0-00263-00062516-00062721 forgot about so we're basically all like,
06inwHyT7l0-00264-00062763-00062952 like, in this case, you forgot about how
06inwHyT7l0-00265-00062954-00063144 when that thing was happening. That was so
06inwHyT7l0-00266-00063144-00063327 great that everybody was cheering for,
06inwHyT7l0-00267-00063351-00063566 like you left me behind, or you hurt me in
06inwHyT7l0-00268-00063566-00063759 some way. So we're kind of playing in the
06inwHyT7l0-00269-00063759-00063951 margins of the 80s rom com store and then
06inwHyT7l0-00270-00063951-00064158 without the mistresses, like what was so
06inwHyT7l0-00271-00064158-00064602 fun about that was it was like the it was
06inwHyT7l0-00272-00064602-00064884 like scenes that were part of the anime
06inwHyT7l0-00273-00064884-00065061 season for the alchemist versus
06inwHyT7l0-00274-00065061-00065340 characters. And so like we did, we had
06inwHyT7l0-00275-00065340-00065724 combat in broken like we had, like magical
06inwHyT7l0-00276-00065724-00066015 girl combat in that game, which I just I
06inwHyT7l0-00277-00066015-00066531 never expected to have that. Yeah, so it
06inwHyT7l0-00278-00066531-00066744 was just a really fun way to play it.
06inwHyT7l0-00279-00066777-00066876 Amelia Antrim: Well, I had to put a link
06inwHyT7l0-00280-00066876-00067134 to that in our show notes too. Because we
06inwHyT7l0-00281-00067134-00067329 had so much fun with Alchemist versus and
06inwHyT7l0-00282-00067329-00067503 with the complicated relation stuff and
06inwHyT7l0-00283-00067512-00067695 relationship stuff happening in there.
06inwHyT7l0-00284-00067695-00068037 It's so good. It's so good. And you know,
06inwHyT7l0-00285-00068037-00068187 I know something that our audience
06inwHyT7l0-00286-00068187-00068454 enjoyed. Yeah, and I love this game. Like
06inwHyT7l0-00287-00068454-00068655 I just like the mashup of the two like it
06inwHyT7l0-00288-00068655-00068874 just like that's too many feelings to
06inwHyT7l0-00289-00068874-00069450 feel. I'm no expert. So I'm sure it's
06inwHyT7l0-00290-00069456-00069699 it'll be okay. It'll be fine. What could
06inwHyT7l0-00291-00069699-00070335 possibly go wrong, right? Well, too many
06inwHyT7l0-00292-00070335-00070410 feelings. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-00293-00070539-00070635 Ryan Boelter: Well, you've got my mind
06inwHyT7l0-00294-00070635-00070821 reeling with ideas for characters for this
06inwHyT7l0-00295-00070821-00071172 game right now. Before we can, before we
06inwHyT7l0-00296-00071172-00071556 can dive in to more that we need to find
06inwHyT7l0-00297-00071556-00071799 out like what sort of materials do we need
06inwHyT7l0-00298-00071799-00071958 to play a game of broken?
06inwHyT7l0-00299-00072063-00072186 Ben Wallis: Yeah, so there's two
06inwHyT7l0-00300-00072186-00072489 fundamental ways to play the game. And for
06inwHyT7l0-00301-00072492-00072702 for both of them, you need like index
06inwHyT7l0-00302-00072702-00072954 cards you need, you need a total of 12
06inwHyT7l0-00303-00072954-00073185 index cards, five for each player
06inwHyT7l0-00304-00073185-00073356 character. And you can use like, I've used
06inwHyT7l0-00305-00073356-00073614 all kinds of stuff, scraps of paper, stuff
06inwHyT7l0-00306-00073614-00073866 like that to play, but basically, six
06inwHyT7l0-00307-00073866-00074202 index cards, five for each person to write
06inwHyT7l0-00308-00074202-00074460 their traits down a one just kind of write
06inwHyT7l0-00309-00074460-00074697 a simple character description. And then
06inwHyT7l0-00310-00074697-00074943 you need to get objects because it's an
06inwHyT7l0-00311-00074943-00075285 artifact based game. So one way to play
06inwHyT7l0-00312-00075285-00075417 the kind of, I don't know if I want to
06inwHyT7l0-00313-00075417-00075579 call it the core way to play or not. But
06inwHyT7l0-00314-00075579-00075858 one way to play is to find and gather 10
06inwHyT7l0-00315-00075861-00076131 physical real life objects that you will
06inwHyT7l0-00316-00076131-00076329 then break over the course of the scenes.
06inwHyT7l0-00317-00076368-00076668 So sometimes people bring five each,
06inwHyT7l0-00318-00076689-00076947 sometimes one person brings all 10
06inwHyT7l0-00319-00076962-00077145 Sometimes people go to a thrift store
06inwHyT7l0-00320-00077145-00077478 together, and by all objects. That sounds
06inwHyT7l0-00321-00077478-00077727 fun is my favorite way to play the game.
06inwHyT7l0-00322-00077727-00077931 It's an absolutely, we play this
06inwHyT7l0-00323-00077931-00078024 Amelia Antrim: one. This is how that would
06inwHyT7l0-00324-00078024-00078162 be how I would want to do I think
06inwHyT7l0-00325-00078161-00078251 Ryan Boelter: that sounds fun. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-00326-00078251-00078554 absolutely. We're not gonna bring in the
06inwHyT7l0-00327-00078557-00078896 the TV or no stereo.
06inwHyT7l0-00328-00079125-00079227 Amelia Antrim: And just grab stuff from
06inwHyT7l0-00329-00079227-00079311 around your house.
06inwHyT7l0-00330-00079437-00079587 Ben Wallis: Well, you know, I have done
06inwHyT7l0-00331-00079587-00079794 that to sofa. And sometimes, hey,
06inwHyT7l0-00332-00079794-00079920 sometimes it's a good way to clear out
06inwHyT7l0-00333-00079920-00080049 stuff. You don't want to have any more
06inwHyT7l0-00334-00080049-00080229 around your house. But the other way to
06inwHyT7l0-00335-00080229-00080382 play and oh, I don't have that with me.
06inwHyT7l0-00336-00080406-00080595 Not that this is a video medium because
06inwHyT7l0-00337-00080595-00080811 it's not. But one other way to play is you
06inwHyT7l0-00338-00080811-00081057 can have popsicle sticks. And you can
06inwHyT7l0-00339-00081057-00081273 create your 10 objects by writing them on
06inwHyT7l0-00340-00081273-00081396 the popsicle sticks. They're really
06inwHyT7l0-00341-00081396-00081594 convenient, easy to find. And then they
06inwHyT7l0-00342-00081630-00081810 break really easily they snapped I found
06inwHyT7l0-00343-00081810-00082041 that they're like, just such an really
06inwHyT7l0-00344-00082041-00082182 great way to play because it gives you a
06inwHyT7l0-00345-00082182-00082329 really good snap when you snap them in
06inwHyT7l0-00346-00082329-00082677 half. Really? Cool. Yeah. Yeah. Oh, and
06inwHyT7l0-00347-00082677-00082908 you need a device to record a voicemail
06inwHyT7l0-00348-00082908-00083148 memo. Because one of the things you do in
06inwHyT7l0-00349-00083148-00083304 the game is record a message for the other
06inwHyT7l0-00350-00083304-00083352 person.
06inwHyT7l0-00351-00083397-00083517 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, that's, that's very
06inwHyT7l0-00352-00083517-00083880 cool. Like, I was reading through that
06inwHyT7l0-00353-00083880-00084066 mechanic earlier, and I was like, oh,
06inwHyT7l0-00354-00084066-00084246 that's, that's brilliant.
06inwHyT7l0-00355-00084261-00084417 Amelia Antrim: I should find the note that
06inwHyT7l0-00356-00084417-00084693 I wrote on that mechanic. I believe it
06inwHyT7l0-00357-00084732-00084948 amounted something to just like, Oh, my
06inwHyT7l0-00358-00084948-00085545 God, Ben, why? When I was making comments
06inwHyT7l0-00359-00085545-00085971 on these things, yeah, yeah. Yep. That's
06inwHyT7l0-00360-00085995-00086199 just Oh, my God, Ben. Why No.
06inwHyT7l0-00361-00086241-00086349 Ben Wallis: Well, you tell me when you
06inwHyT7l0-00362-00086349-00086493 want me to talk about why we could talk
06inwHyT7l0-00363-00086493-00086571 about it because?
06inwHyT7l0-00364-00086736-00086931 Amelia Antrim: Well, our next question
06inwHyT7l0-00365-00086931-00087051 here, we can kind of start getting into
06inwHyT7l0-00366-00087051-00087339 some of this stuff. This game is a little
06inwHyT7l0-00367-00087339-00087582 bit different from most games. Yeah, there
06inwHyT7l0-00368-00087582-00087849 isn't just a straight character creation.
06inwHyT7l0-00369-00087933-00088194 But it also plays really differently. So
06inwHyT7l0-00370-00088194-00088362 can you just give us kind of a quick
06inwHyT7l0-00371-00088362-00088665 rundown to start maybe, of just how this
06inwHyT7l0-00372-00088665-00089025 game works, and how character creation
06inwHyT7l0-00373-00089028-00089283 especially works in this in this system?
06inwHyT7l0-00374-00089298-00089493 Ben Wallis: Absolutely. So basically, you
06inwHyT7l0-00375-00089493-00089637 decide the two people are gonna play the
06inwHyT7l0-00376-00089637-00089856 game decide together what kind of scenario
06inwHyT7l0-00377-00089856-00090018 they want to play in what kind of
06inwHyT7l0-00378-00090018-00090234 relationship story, they want to tell what
06inwHyT7l0-00379-00090234-00090429 types of characters they want to make. So
06inwHyT7l0-00380-00090429-00090681 you might do that by collecting the 10
06inwHyT7l0-00381-00090681-00090846 objects first and then being inspired by
06inwHyT7l0-00382-00090846-00091128 them. Or you might decide beforehand and
06inwHyT7l0-00383-00091128-00091281 then collect and make the objects based on
06inwHyT7l0-00384-00091281-00091413 that it's kind of up to the players how
06inwHyT7l0-00385-00091413-00091614 they want to approach that, for like, over
06inwHyT7l0-00386-00091614-00091941 the weekend, I recorded a game with my
06inwHyT7l0-00387-00091941-00092115 wife that we're going to put on pot of
06inwHyT7l0-00388-00092115-00092379 love as an actual play of the game. I'm
06inwHyT7l0-00389-00092379-00092613 actually sitting here right now surrounded
06inwHyT7l0-00390-00092613-00092748 by the objects we got from the thrift
06inwHyT7l0-00391-00092748-00093060 store for that. And so like, we based that
06inwHyT7l0-00392-00093060-00093291 game, off of the objects that we found,
06inwHyT7l0-00393-00093291-00093498 and so we like, for example, we got a tiny
06inwHyT7l0-00394-00093498-00093783 violin, that is actually a musical box
06inwHyT7l0-00395-00093783-00093975 that plays My Heart Will Go On from
06inwHyT7l0-00396-00093978-00094335 Titanic. Which is I think, the ultimate
06inwHyT7l0-00397-00094338-00094575 broken object, like I mean, when I say
06inwHyT7l0-00398-00094575-00094857 that, that's like, perfectly, I don't know
06inwHyT7l0-00399-00094857-00095058 that will ever top that objects for
06inwHyT7l0-00400-00095058-00095115 breaking kind
06inwHyT7l0-00401-00095115-00095184 Amelia Antrim: of like sad that you're
06inwHyT7l0-00402-00095184-00095265 gonna like break it.
06inwHyT7l0-00403-00095343-00095658 Ben Wallis: It's here it is a it is a tiny
06inwHyT7l0-00404-00095658-00095751 broken violin,
06inwHyT7l0-00405-00095871-00095979 Amelia Antrim: tiniest violin.
06inwHyT7l0-00406-00096126-00096279 Ben Wallis: So please, my Harco will go
06inwHyT7l0-00407-00096279-00096516 on, which is kind of the best part, like,
06inwHyT7l0-00408-00096653-00096836 Amelia Antrim: plays it. That's even more.
06inwHyT7l0-00409-00096930-00097026 Ben Wallis: It really is.
06inwHyT7l0-00410-00097026-00097152 Amelia Antrim: So it's Heart Will Go On
06inwHyT7l0-00411-00097152-00097434 little violin, do it. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-00412-00097461-00097701 Ben Wallis: exactly. So so once you've
06inwHyT7l0-00413-00097701-00097839 decided to like what your scenario is
06inwHyT7l0-00414-00097839-00098091 going to be, what you do is you decide,
06inwHyT7l0-00415-00098091-00098217 okay, we're just going to play this kind
06inwHyT7l0-00416-00098217-00098394 of character, you take a few minutes to
06inwHyT7l0-00417-00098421-00098724 write down a few sentences about your
06inwHyT7l0-00418-00098724-00098937 character and a name on one of the index
06inwHyT7l0-00419-00098937-00099126 cards that you set aside. So you like
06inwHyT7l0-00420-00099156-00099363 basically what the camera would see as its
06inwHyT7l0-00421-00099363-00099549 panning over them on like a TV show or
06inwHyT7l0-00422-00099549-00099888 movie, essentially. And then you take,
06inwHyT7l0-00423-00099891-00100035 what you do then is you take the five
06inwHyT7l0-00424-00100035-00100263 index cards, or you tell each other what
06inwHyT7l0-00425-00100263-00100416 you wrote down first. So you kind of have
06inwHyT7l0-00426-00100416-00100548 an idea of what the other person is
06inwHyT7l0-00427-00100548-00100773 playing. Then you take your five index
06inwHyT7l0-00428-00100773-00101019 cards, and you create five traits. But
06inwHyT7l0-00429-00101019-00101127 these are kind of different than a lot of
06inwHyT7l0-00430-00101127-00101352 other games. Because what they really are,
06inwHyT7l0-00431-00101361-00101715 are things that you like, like or love or
06inwHyT7l0-00432-00101715-00102045 are attracted to about the other person,
06inwHyT7l0-00433-00102069-00102300 or things that you like about being in a
06inwHyT7l0-00434-00102300-00102513 relationship with them. And they're from
06inwHyT7l0-00435-00102513-00102723 your character's perspective. So that
06inwHyT7l0-00436-00102723-00102935 means that they're, they're subjective,
06inwHyT7l0-00437-00102942-00103155 they're not objective. So like, for
06inwHyT7l0-00438-00103155-00103395 example, the one example that I use in the
06inwHyT7l0-00439-00103395-00103539 book, because we just came from a real
06inwHyT7l0-00440-00103539-00104049 game is that I might write down that, if
06inwHyT7l0-00441-00104049-00104190 you don't mind me, using your name, Brian,
06inwHyT7l0-00442-00104220-00104475 I might write down that Ryan likes to be
06inwHyT7l0-00443-00104475-00104799 teased on as one of my things, that's from
06inwHyT7l0-00444-00104799-00105000 my characters perspective, Ryan might
06inwHyT7l0-00445-00105000-00105168 really hate being teased, which is
06inwHyT7l0-00446-00105168-00105315 probably where the tension of the game
06inwHyT7l0-00447-00105315-00105576 will come from. But that is what my
06inwHyT7l0-00448-00105576-00105729 character likes about being in a
06inwHyT7l0-00449-00105729-00105897 relationship with Ryan or I might just
06inwHyT7l0-00450-00105897-00106176 say, someone's, you know, beautiful
06inwHyT7l0-00451-00106191-00106371 tentacles or whatever, depending on the
06inwHyT7l0-00452-00106371-00106629 kind of characters. And then those end up
06inwHyT7l0-00453-00106629-00106815 being things that you become disillusioned
06inwHyT7l0-00454-00106815-00107076 with over the course of the game. So the
06inwHyT7l0-00455-00107076-00107469 game is a ritual, every scene you somebody
06inwHyT7l0-00456-00107472-00107684 to do take turns, someone picks an object,
06inwHyT7l0-00457-00107688-00108021 it's just meant to be a space, a prompt,
06inwHyT7l0-00458-00108059-00108321 an inspiration for setting the scene, if
06inwHyT7l0-00459-00108321-00108509 you had a record, you might do a scene
06inwHyT7l0-00460-00108509-00108813 based around music or dancing, or a record
06inwHyT7l0-00461-00108813-00108999 store. I mean, it's completely up to you.
06inwHyT7l0-00462-00109020-00109160 But it's just sort of you pick up an
06inwHyT7l0-00463-00109160-00109455 object, you to help inspire you for a
06inwHyT7l0-00464-00109455-00109707 scene. And then the person who has the
06inwHyT7l0-00465-00109707-00110070 object starts by saying remember when and
06inwHyT7l0-00466-00110070-00110352 then describes, essentially what the scene
06inwHyT7l0-00467-00110352-00110561 is. And then the other person adds a twist
06inwHyT7l0-00468-00110561-00110781 or complication by saying, but you forgot
06inwHyT7l0-00469-00110781-00111180 about. And then they add that twist or
06inwHyT7l0-00470-00111180-00111468 complication. And there. Yeah, so I
06inwHyT7l0-00471-00111471-00111666 Amelia Antrim: really loved that part of
06inwHyT7l0-00472-00111666-00111809 it when I was reading through it, because
06inwHyT7l0-00473-00111809-00112293 I think it gives people a chance to learn
06inwHyT7l0-00474-00112293-00112533 and understand empathy in a breakup in a
06inwHyT7l0-00475-00112533-00112767 way that we don't always get to when we're
06inwHyT7l0-00476-00112767-00113007 right in the middle of it. Right. I mean,
06inwHyT7l0-00477-00113007-00113289 even that example of like, I liked that
06inwHyT7l0-00478-00113289-00113534 Ryan loves to be teased. Yeah, Ryan might
06inwHyT7l0-00479-00113534-00113793 not really actually like to be teased. The
06inwHyT7l0-00480-00113793-00114030 idea that we see a breakup only from our
06inwHyT7l0-00481-00114030-00114252 own perspective, and that might not be the
06inwHyT7l0-00482-00114252-00114468 only truth that there is exactly, there's
06inwHyT7l0-00483-00114468-00114683 something kind of in the middle. And I
06inwHyT7l0-00484-00114683-00114876 love when role playing games give us the
06inwHyT7l0-00485-00114876-00115098 opportunities to learn things like empathy
06inwHyT7l0-00486-00115098-00115326 and compassion. Yeah, and sort of a safe
06inwHyT7l0-00487-00115326-00115569 space. And this game plays with those
06inwHyT7l0-00488-00115569-00115833 kinds of things a lot with that, like, I
06inwHyT7l0-00489-00115833-00116082 remember it this way. But you know what,
06inwHyT7l0-00490-00116082-00116295 you also forgot that there was this whole
06inwHyT7l0-00491-00116295-00116574 other part of it that like I associate
06inwHyT7l0-00492-00116574-00116718 with that situation that you don't even
06inwHyT7l0-00493-00116718-00116997 recall. Yeah, and it's really cool and
06inwHyT7l0-00494-00116997-00117260 it's really deep. And the way that you've
06inwHyT7l0-00495-00117260-00117579 done it is like it's so quick that like
06inwHyT7l0-00496-00117582-00117858 you don't realize it's happening it's just
06inwHyT7l0-00497-00117858-00118095 it's very smart. Very smart. Thank
06inwHyT7l0-00498-00118095-00118221 Ben Wallis: you. Yeah, I really wanted it
06inwHyT7l0-00499-00118221-00118464 to so I work with a lot of people going
06inwHyT7l0-00500-00118464-00118661 through relationship struggles and I'm a
06inwHyT7l0-00501-00118661-00118881 product of divorce myself are I product is
06inwHyT7l0-00502-00118881-00119124 a weird way to phrase that but what's a
06inwHyT7l0-00503-00119124-00119433 real difficult survivor? Oh, there you go.
06inwHyT7l0-00504-00119459-00119619 I see. The reason why I said that is
06inwHyT7l0-00505-00119619-00119871 because I like try not to use that phrase
06inwHyT7l0-00506-00119874-00120110 because it just feels is a little bit more
06inwHyT7l0-00507-00120110-00120288 than I want to say about it, especially
06inwHyT7l0-00508-00120288-00120501 for my ex. Like, I don't want to make me
06inwHyT7l0-00509-00120501-00120675 feel like I'm seeing my ex as a killer.
06inwHyT7l0-00510-00120860-00120914 Amelia Antrim: Or you feel that way
06inwHyT7l0-00511-00120914-00121088 sometimes, too. Yeah, when I say that,
06inwHyT7l0-00512-00121088-00121196 because it's like, okay, it's like really
06inwHyT7l0-00513-00121196-00121373 not like the worst person. Like, I just
06inwHyT7l0-00514-00121373-00121823 saw him yesterday. He's fine. You know,
06inwHyT7l0-00515-00121826-00121967 but like, Yeah, I mean, you did you
06inwHyT7l0-00516-00121967-00122156 survived. You live through the divorce.
06inwHyT7l0-00517-00122156-00122345 Like, even if you didn't necessarily need
06inwHyT7l0-00518-00122345-00122489 to live through the person. You live
06inwHyT7l0-00519-00122489-00122582 through the process.
06inwHyT7l0-00520-00122585-00122765 Ben Wallis: Yeah. Yeah. So I really wanted
06inwHyT7l0-00521-00122765-00123008 it to, I really wanted to explore those
06inwHyT7l0-00522-00123008-00123413 themes you just described. Yeah, I think I
06inwHyT7l0-00523-00123413-00123746 had a I think I lost my actual train of
06inwHyT7l0-00524-00123746-00123887 thought. But no, no, you're fine. It
06inwHyT7l0-00525-00123887-00124265 wasn't trust me as me, not you. But yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-00526-00124265-00124442 so that was intentional, like wanting Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-00527-00124454-00124721 so not yes. And not seeing things the same
06inwHyT7l0-00528-00124721-00124856 way. looking back and seeing it
06inwHyT7l0-00529-00124856-00125018 differently. All that stuff was really
06inwHyT7l0-00530-00125018-00125402 core to what I wanted to, you know, have
06inwHyT7l0-00531-00125402-00125618 the game explore because of the fact that
06inwHyT7l0-00532-00125618-00126002 those are, I wanted people to be able to
06inwHyT7l0-00533-00126002-00126275 process, those very real things that
06inwHyT7l0-00534-00126275-00126407 happen when you go through a breakup that
06inwHyT7l0-00535-00126407-00126557 you that, you know, and I wanted the game
06inwHyT7l0-00536-00126557-00126719 to reflect that. And I want to care, I
06inwHyT7l0-00537-00126719-00126902 wanted characters and character creation
06inwHyT7l0-00538-00126902-00127163 to reflect that a lot, too, which is why
06inwHyT7l0-00539-00127169-00127379 the character efficient is so intentional.
06inwHyT7l0-00540-00127428-00127559 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, I think those are
06inwHyT7l0-00541-00127559-00127842 things that you just in a relationship,
06inwHyT7l0-00542-00127842-00128055 you're just too close to it to really do.
06inwHyT7l0-00543-00128055-00128325 And even once you're so far removed from
06inwHyT7l0-00544-00128325-00128478 it, you don't have like the strength of
06inwHyT7l0-00545-00128478-00128706 memory necessarily to do that kind of
06inwHyT7l0-00546-00128706-00128919 work. And so I really appreciate that this
06inwHyT7l0-00547-00128919-00129123 kind of gives you the space to do some of
06inwHyT7l0-00548-00129123-00129297 that work, even if it's not directly
06inwHyT7l0-00549-00129297-00129627 related to your own trauma or breakup, or
06inwHyT7l0-00550-00129630-00129945 however you want to word it. Yeah. But it
06inwHyT7l0-00551-00129945-00130146 still gives you the chance to sort of
06inwHyT7l0-00552-00130146-00130344 stretch some of those empathy muscles.
06inwHyT7l0-00553-00130347-00130433 Yeah. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-00554-00130433-00130524 Ben Wallis: I remember what I was gonna
06inwHyT7l0-00555-00130524-00130746 say. Yeah, I really wanted to, you were
06inwHyT7l0-00556-00130746-00131091 just reminded me, I wanted to layer those
06inwHyT7l0-00557-00131100-00131352 things like the ability to learn that or
06inwHyT7l0-00558-00131352-00131622 think about those things or, or experience
06inwHyT7l0-00559-00131625-00131841 like some empathy development. I wanted to
06inwHyT7l0-00560-00131841-00132027 layer that into the game, so that it just
06inwHyT7l0-00561-00132027-00132192 kind of happened very quickly and
06inwHyT7l0-00562-00132192-00132507 seamlessly, without being hopefully too
06inwHyT7l0-00563-00132507-00132621 heavy handed. At least that's what I
06inwHyT7l0-00564-00132621-00132753 wanted to do. So yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-00565-00132756-00132843 Amelia Antrim: there's no part in there
06inwHyT7l0-00566-00132843-00132981 where you're like, and now it's time to
06inwHyT7l0-00567-00132981-00133131 learn the lesson that you should have
06inwHyT7l0-00568-00133131-00133374 learned. Like, yeah, like, there's no
06inwHyT7l0-00569-00133374-00133581 feeling like that of like, I'm sitting
06inwHyT7l0-00570-00133581-00133767 down to do this, because I need to learn,
06inwHyT7l0-00571-00133800-00134034 you know, it just feels like it came very
06inwHyT7l0-00572-00134034-00134256 now I was I like, honestly was shocked at
06inwHyT7l0-00573-00134256-00134469 like how seamlessly it seems to just sort
06inwHyT7l0-00574-00134469-00134748 of fit in there. Thank you. I'm really
06inwHyT7l0-00575-00134748-00134991 excited about this. Like, I'm really,
06inwHyT7l0-00576-00135021-00135048 like,
06inwHyT7l0-00577-00135216-00135396 Ben Wallis: I feel like I from hearing
06inwHyT7l0-00578-00135396-00135522 other people read the book and play the
06inwHyT7l0-00579-00135522-00135741 game. I feel like I met my design goals,
06inwHyT7l0-00580-00135741-00135882 which is always a really good feeling when
06inwHyT7l0-00581-00135882-00136092 you're trying to design something that you
06inwHyT7l0-00582-00136092-00136242 believe in very much like I believe,
06inwHyT7l0-00583-00136242-00136275 right?
06inwHyT7l0-00584-00136278-00136413 Amelia Antrim: Well, and something that
06inwHyT7l0-00585-00136413-00136578 sounds like it's so close to you
06inwHyT7l0-00586-00136578-00136674 personally to
06inwHyT7l0-00587-00136680-00136755 Ben Wallis: goodness, yes.
06inwHyT7l0-00588-00136968-00137088 Amelia Antrim: It's hard. It's hard. It's
06inwHyT7l0-00589-00137088-00137310 like the closer you are, the more you want
06inwHyT7l0-00590-00137310-00137559 it to be a thing that exists in the world,
06inwHyT7l0-00591-00137559-00137937 but the harder it is to do. Exactly. So.
06inwHyT7l0-00592-00137991-00138231 Ryan Boelter: Ah, well, I am very excited
06inwHyT7l0-00593-00138231-00138537 to get to, like trying out the character
06inwHyT7l0-00594-00138537-00138897 creation in this. Yeah. And it's two
06inwHyT7l0-00595-00138897-00139164 characters for each scenario, right. So
06inwHyT7l0-00596-00139194-00139572 I'm wondering if if we're all Okay, can we
06inwHyT7l0-00597-00139572-00139821 create three pairs?
06inwHyT7l0-00598-00139866-00140061 Amelia Antrim: Do we have time? Time? Is
06inwHyT7l0-00599-00140061-00140115 it faster?
06inwHyT7l0-00600-00140193-00140316 Ben Wallis: I think so. I mean, it's
06inwHyT7l0-00601-00140316-00140490 probably depends on how much it probably
06inwHyT7l0-00602-00140490-00140652 depends on the way.
06inwHyT7l0-00603-00140763-00140934 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, but yeah, it's more,
06inwHyT7l0-00604-00140937-00141063 you know, like, I don't know if you have
06inwHyT7l0-00605-00141063-00141216 dinner to do or whatever.
06inwHyT7l0-00606-00141219-00141381 Ben Wallis: I'm personally good to go.
06inwHyT7l0-00607-00141423-00141486 Okay. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-00608-00141584-00141662 Amelia Antrim: Let's do it.
06inwHyT7l0-00609-00141693-00141882 Ryan Boelter: Wonderful. Let's let's make
06inwHyT7l0-00610-00141918-00142116 Amelia Antrim: a popsicle sticks. But I do
06inwHyT7l0-00611-00142116-00142224 have index cards.
06inwHyT7l0-00612-00142422-00142659 Ryan Boelter: Let's make some people. All
06inwHyT7l0-00613-00142659-00142986 I have is my notepad plus plus
06inwHyT7l0-00614-00143001-00143271 Amelia Antrim: notepad plus plus. Say that
06inwHyT7l0-00615-00143271-00143421 why can't you just say notepad?
06inwHyT7l0-00616-00143436-00143601 Ryan Boelter: Because it's not notepad?
06inwHyT7l0-00617-00143604-00144015 It's notepad plus plus. Okay, it's Notepad
06inwHyT7l0-00618-00144060-00144456 plus one. That's because plus plus is
06inwHyT7l0-00619-00144459-00144741 programmer speak for add one to the
06inwHyT7l0-00620-00144741-00144885 previous. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-00621-00145038-00145281 Amelia Antrim: I have just a button and
06inwHyT7l0-00622-00145281-00145296 Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-00623-00145302-00145455 Ben Wallis: that's awesome. See, I'm not
06inwHyT7l0-00624-00145455-00145650 mom have stuff on him, I think but so for
06inwHyT7l0-00625-00145650-00145794 the purposes of this, I'm just going to
06inwHyT7l0-00626-00145794-00145998 use a, a Google spreadsheet actually
06inwHyT7l0-00627-00145998-00146121 aren't a spreadsheet even but like just a
06inwHyT7l0-00628-00146121-00146466 Google doc honestly just for for doing for
06inwHyT7l0-00629-00146466-00146817 doing this podcast. It's, you know, so
06inwHyT7l0-00630-00146832-00147060 Amelia Antrim: easy peasy. Yeah, we
06inwHyT7l0-00631-00147060-00147186 probably could all like be in the same
06inwHyT7l0-00632-00147186-00147303 one. And then we could see what we were
06inwHyT7l0-00633-00147303-00147591 doing maybe or I could just write my note
06inwHyT7l0-00634-00147591-00147732 cards because I like written on note cards
06inwHyT7l0-00635-00147750-00147903 can go either way.
06inwHyT7l0-00636-00147969-00148293 Ryan Boelter: All right. So who wants to
06inwHyT7l0-00637-00148293-00148707 start first and how should Amelia and I go
06inwHyT7l0-00638-00148707-00148752 through
06inwHyT7l0-00639-00148752-00148890 Amelia Antrim: to walk us through how to
06inwHyT7l0-00640-00148890-00148908 do
06inwHyT7l0-00641-00148908-00149037 Ben Wallis: it without a doubt? I would
06inwHyT7l0-00642-00149037-00149373 love to do that. So So I so this is what I
06inwHyT7l0-00643-00149400-00149805 will say just sort of decide. Here's where
06inwHyT7l0-00644-00149805-00150090 I think we find this So whether you want
06inwHyT7l0-00645-00150090-00150420 to be inspired by 10 objects, or whether
06inwHyT7l0-00646-00150420-00150819 you want to create the scenario first, and
06inwHyT7l0-00647-00150819-00151131 then you can just kind of write down five,
06inwHyT7l0-00648-00151155-00151362 like, so either you'll either way you'll
06inwHyT7l0-00649-00151362-00151566 write five objects each, but you can
06inwHyT7l0-00650-00151566-00151692 decide whether you want to write the
06inwHyT7l0-00651-00151692-00151983 objects before or after you decide on this
06inwHyT7l0-00652-00151983-00152115 scenario. What do
06inwHyT7l0-00653-00152115-00152424 Ryan Boelter: you think? So I went, I had
06inwHyT7l0-00654-00152424-00152742 a very specific scenario in mind, and I
06inwHyT7l0-00655-00152742-00152817 don't mind is it
06inwHyT7l0-00656-00152817-00152874 Amelia Antrim: magical girls?
06inwHyT7l0-00657-00152874-00152958 necromancers?
06inwHyT7l0-00658-00152967-00153405 Ryan Boelter: I believe no. But why are we
06inwHyT7l0-00659-00153405-00153600 here? We could do magical girls
06inwHyT7l0-00660-00153600-00153753 necromancer sort of this and then I can
06inwHyT7l0-00661-00153753-00154113 save this one for Ben. If we want. Should
06inwHyT7l0-00662-00154113-00154236 I throw my idea? Yeah, let
06inwHyT7l0-00663-00154236-00154332 Amelia Antrim: me hear your idea. And then
06inwHyT7l0-00664-00154332-00154494 I can I can yes or no it.
06inwHyT7l0-00665-00154518-00154728 Ryan Boelter: So in my Highlander game,
06inwHyT7l0-00666-00154731-00154953 our final gathering the dreaded
06inwHyT7l0-00667-00154953-00155277 reflections of the immortal soul. There is
06inwHyT7l0-00668-00155277-00155703 a character archetype. I believe it's the
06inwHyT7l0-00669-00155703-00156012 love interest. And part of the love
06inwHyT7l0-00670-00156012-00156378 interests story in the game is you were
06inwHyT7l0-00671-00156378-00156753 once in love with reciprocally
06inwHyT7l0-00672-00156768-00157056 reciprocating the, with another character
06inwHyT7l0-00673-00157116-00157515 at the at the table. So and then you broke
06inwHyT7l0-00674-00157515-00157941 up eventually. Yeah, but Highlander being
06inwHyT7l0-00675-00157944-00158196 you're playing immortals. That breakup
06inwHyT7l0-00676-00158196-00158496 could have spanned decades. Oh, that's so
06inwHyT7l0-00677-00158496-00158550 cool.
06inwHyT7l0-00678-00158598-00158742 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, I think maybe the you
06inwHyT7l0-00679-00158742-00158895 should save this for Ben, because Ben
06inwHyT7l0-00680-00158895-00159237 understands any of these reference. Ever
06inwHyT7l0-00681-00159237-00159552 seen a Highlander movie? Yeah. Or? No,
06inwHyT7l0-00682-00159552-00159852 that's so I'm pretty big. So yeah, the
06inwHyT7l0-00683-00159855-00160164 target audience. Okay. Very, very much.
06inwHyT7l0-00684-00160587-00160635 Okay.
06inwHyT7l0-00685-00160674-00160761 Ryan Boelter: All right. So let's move
06inwHyT7l0-00686-00160761-00161241 into our nonsense then. All right. You'll
06inwHyT7l0-00687-00161241-00161517 be magical. All right. Yeah. No.
06inwHyT7l0-00688-00161784-00161883 Amelia Antrim: That may be too much.
06inwHyT7l0-00689-00161946-00162105 Ryan's like I can't play a necromancer
06inwHyT7l0-00690-00162105-00162276 convincingly. Okay,
06inwHyT7l0-00691-00162314-00162488 Ben Wallis: so then then what I would say
06inwHyT7l0-00692-00162491-00162800 is, just like, each of you come up with
06inwHyT7l0-00693-00162800-00163328 five objects, and a name and description
06inwHyT7l0-00694-00163331-00163673 for your character. And then you can kind
06inwHyT7l0-00695-00163673-00163868 of decide a little bit like about the
06inwHyT7l0-00696-00163868-00164066 scenario, like, you know, are we already
06inwHyT7l0-00697-00164066-00164252 together to start a game? how long those
06inwHyT7l0-00698-00164252-00164453 kinds of details, and then you could do
06inwHyT7l0-00699-00164453-00164645 traits? Okay. Oh, wonderful.
06inwHyT7l0-00700-00164663-00164783 Amelia Antrim: So let's think of some
06inwHyT7l0-00701-00164786-00165176 objects here. Okay, I know my pens like
06inwHyT7l0-00702-00165176-00165431 out of ink. I think while I refill my them
06inwHyT7l0-00703-00165488-00165566 great audio,
06inwHyT7l0-00704-00165612-00165714 Ben Wallis: it certainly makes the whole
06inwHyT7l0-00705-00165714-00165957 process a lot faster. When you do it, the
06inwHyT7l0-00706-00165981-00166212 writing objects down on popsicle sticks
06inwHyT7l0-00707-00166212-00166449 way versus having to collect physical
06inwHyT7l0-00708-00166449-00166692 objects. It makes it a faster process for
06inwHyT7l0-00709-00166692-00166992 a quick game. It also just is a very
06inwHyT7l0-00710-00166995-00167178 different process because
06inwHyT7l0-00711-00167202-00167289 Amelia Antrim: it feels different. Like I
06inwHyT7l0-00712-00167289-00167448 feel like you're just not attached to the
06inwHyT7l0-00713-00167448-00167544 thing the same way.
06inwHyT7l0-00714-00167571-00167718 Ben Wallis: Well, yeah, that's an
06inwHyT7l0-00715-00167718-00168003 interesting point. Because I wonder about
06inwHyT7l0-00716-00168003-00168261 that. I have seen some people pretty
06inwHyT7l0-00717-00168342-00168639 emotional about a non existent
06inwHyT7l0-00718-00168686-00168833 Amelia Antrim: physical object motion of
06inwHyT7l0-00719-00168833-00168983 about that popsicle stick. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-00720-00168987-00169104 Ben Wallis: because of what it means it
06inwHyT7l0-00721-00169104-00169278 represents interesting how we put meaning
06inwHyT7l0-00722-00169278-00169617 into things. Yeah, but the meta nature of
06inwHyT7l0-00723-00169617-00169854 finding and gathering objects is also just
06inwHyT7l0-00724-00169854-00169971 a very special thing to do.
06inwHyT7l0-00725-00170019-00170112 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, Ryan and I keep
06inwHyT7l0-00726-00170112-00170250 talking about trying to find some time to
06inwHyT7l0-00727-00170250-00170418 get together because we're really not that
06inwHyT7l0-00728-00170418-00170634 we've, you know, been together in person
06inwHyT7l0-00729-00170634-00170799 like all three times. Yeah, we live an
06inwHyT7l0-00730-00170799-00171066 hour and a half apart. Right. Now he's got
06inwHyT7l0-00731-00171066-00171237 his little podcast studio, so I think it'd
06inwHyT7l0-00732-00171237-00171429 be fun to go find a little thrift shop in
06inwHyT7l0-00733-00171432-00171714 Appleton and go. Oh, absolutely. Stefan,
06inwHyT7l0-00734-00171759-00171852 and play this.
06inwHyT7l0-00735-00171873-00172095 Ryan Boelter: I agree. 100%
06inwHyT7l0-00736-00172173-00172251 Amelia Antrim: I'm trying to think of what
06inwHyT7l0-00737-00172251-00172626 kind of objects what I have. How many do I
06inwHyT7l0-00738-00172626-00172668 want?
06inwHyT7l0-00739-00172695-00172989 Ryan Boelter: I've got one so far. Should
06inwHyT7l0-00740-00172989-00173256 we should we list them off as we go?
06inwHyT7l0-00741-00173298-00173535 Amelia Antrim: I'm sure we can. So far. I
06inwHyT7l0-00742-00173535-00173775 have an empty Love Potion bottle.
06inwHyT7l0-00743-00173808-00173940 Ryan Boelter: Oh, I've got the
06inwHyT7l0-00744-00173940-00174186 transformation brooch of a loss teammate.
06inwHyT7l0-00745-00174213-00174849 Amelia Antrim: Oh, that's so good. This is
06inwHyT7l0-00746-00174924-00175035 so good.
06inwHyT7l0-00747-00175233-00175344 Ryan Boelter: Okay, I've got another one.
06inwHyT7l0-00748-00175413-00175956 Okay. Our shared diary. Oh my gosh.
06inwHyT7l0-00749-00176411-00176564 Amelia Antrim: I have a broken sword from
06inwHyT7l0-00750-00176564-00176669 a fallen foe.
06inwHyT7l0-00751-00176727-00176928 Ben Wallis: Oh, that's so cool.
06inwHyT7l0-00752-00176967-00177093 Amelia Antrim: Is it one of your friends?
06inwHyT7l0-00753-00177093-00177615 We may never know. Let's see here. I feel
06inwHyT7l0-00754-00177615-00177765 like this is an enemies to lovers to
06inwHyT7l0-00755-00177765-00178218 enemies situation. That classic trope
06inwHyT7l0-00756-00178404-00178557 Ryan Boelter: it's a good trope it is.
06inwHyT7l0-00757-00178605-00178707 Amelia Antrim: I'm gonna say a dried
06inwHyT7l0-00758-00178707-00179019 bouquet of flowers. Oh, there's a date
06inwHyT7l0-00759-00179019-00179319 night. Oh, that was that. That's three
06inwHyT7l0-00760-00179367-00179646 huh? Because it's me making a character
06inwHyT7l0-00761-00179646-00179868 I'm gonna see a tiny crystal Flamingo
06inwHyT7l0-00762-00179909-00180272 Ryan Boelter: nice. The remains of the orb
06inwHyT7l0-00763-00180272-00180482 of darkness that almost consumed us.
06inwHyT7l0-00764-00180645-00181125 Amelia Antrim: Classic classic the ring I
06inwHyT7l0-00765-00181125-00181260 was going to give you.
06inwHyT7l0-00766-00181277-00181394 Unknown: Oh my gosh.
06inwHyT7l0-00767-00181439-00181577 Amelia Antrim: I think that is
06inwHyT7l0-00768-00181713-00181872 Ryan Boelter: my favorite coat that you
06inwHyT7l0-00769-00181872-00182043 gave me when we were just friends.
06inwHyT7l0-00770-00182094-00182394 Amelia Antrim: Oh, very nice. Is that five
06inwHyT7l0-00771-00182394-00182424 for you?
06inwHyT7l0-00772-00182445-00182526 Ryan Boelter: Got one more.
06inwHyT7l0-00773-00182541-00182823 Amelia Antrim: Okay. These are already
06inwHyT7l0-00774-00182823-00182985 brutal. They really are.
06inwHyT7l0-00775-00183027-00183495 Ryan Boelter: Oh no. My transformation
06inwHyT7l0-00776-00183495-00183696 brooch. Oh
06inwHyT7l0-00777-00184061-00184172 Ben Wallis: you're right. These ones are
06inwHyT7l0-00778-00184172-00184268 already brutal.
06inwHyT7l0-00779-00184326-00184437 Amelia Antrim: We haven't done anything to
06inwHyT7l0-00780-00184644-00185109 zero context. Yeah. I'm just gonna read
06inwHyT7l0-00781-00185109-00185301 mine once real quick so that we have it
06inwHyT7l0-00782-00185301-00185823 all out. I have a tiny crystal Flamingo. A
06inwHyT7l0-00783-00185823-00186009 dry bouquet of flowers from a date night.
06inwHyT7l0-00784-00186066-00186423 A broken sword from a fallen foe. An empty
06inwHyT7l0-00785-00186423-00186687 Love Potion bottle and the ring I was
06inwHyT7l0-00786-00186687-00186780 going to give you.
06inwHyT7l0-00787-00186828-00187083 Ryan Boelter: That's so good. And I've got
06inwHyT7l0-00788-00187134-00187344 the transformation brooch of a loss
06inwHyT7l0-00789-00187344-00187806 teammate. Our shared diary. The remains of
06inwHyT7l0-00790-00187806-00188028 the orb of darkness that almost consumed
06inwHyT7l0-00791-00188028-00188352 us. My favorite coat that you gave me when
06inwHyT7l0-00792-00188352-00188643 we were just friends by transformation
06inwHyT7l0-00793-00188643-00188691 broach.
06inwHyT7l0-00794-00188820-00188946 Amelia Antrim: Why don't we share a diary?
06inwHyT7l0-00795-00188946-00189351 We're in deep. Yeah, man. You got to be
06inwHyT7l0-00796-00189351-00189810 like, real together to share a diary. You
06inwHyT7l0-00797-00189810-00190074 really do. I can't even keep on myself.
06inwHyT7l0-00798-00190083-00190185 Ryan Boelter: Sometimes.
06inwHyT7l0-00799-00190275-00190488 Ben Wallis: It's really intense. So you're
06inwHyT7l0-00800-00190488-00190695 gonna want to now like basically right?
06inwHyT7l0-00801-00190740-00191043 Create a name and a couple of sentences
06inwHyT7l0-00802-00191043-00191298 about who your character is. We've kind of
06inwHyT7l0-00803-00191298-00191550 gotten some themes already for this game,
06inwHyT7l0-00804-00191550-00192009 including, like maybe a enemies to lovers
06inwHyT7l0-00805-00192009-00192135 the enemy situation.
06inwHyT7l0-00806-00192327-00192465 Amelia Antrim: I don't know a good name.
06inwHyT7l0-00807-00192489-00192717 Names are tough. Names are hard.
06inwHyT7l0-00808-00192765-00193119 necromancer names are hardest. Ryan can
06inwHyT7l0-00809-00193119-00193314 just be like twinkle toes or something.
06inwHyT7l0-00810-00193449-00193611 It's a magical girl name. I just made up.
06inwHyT7l0-00811-00193755-00193899 Ryan Boelter: I was thinking bubblegum
06inwHyT7l0-00812-00193899-00193965 something.
06inwHyT7l0-00813-00194127-00194208 Amelia Antrim: Bubble gum drop.
06inwHyT7l0-00814-00194271-00194382 Ben Wallis: Bubble gum. It's actually a
06inwHyT7l0-00815-00194382-00194790 pretty good name. I like it.
06inwHyT7l0-00816-00194880-00195051 Amelia Antrim: So then I now I Bubble
06inwHyT7l0-00817-00195054-00195117 bubble. First
06inwHyT7l0-00818-00195117-00195351 Ryan Boelter: Name. Gum draft. Last Name.
06inwHyT7l0-00819-00195507-00195576 Pronoun. Okay.
06inwHyT7l0-00820-00195669-00195801 Amelia Antrim: Did we get married is my
06inwHyT7l0-00821-00195801-00196095 last name gumdrop. Now to Oh, I think my
06inwHyT7l0-00822-00196095-00196245 name is darkness. gumdrop?
06inwHyT7l0-00823-00196398-00196566 Ryan Boelter: I like it. What was your
06inwHyT7l0-00824-00196566-00196794 name again? Are you still figuring out
06inwHyT7l0-00825-00196794-00196860 first name?
06inwHyT7l0-00826-00196890-00196956 Amelia Antrim: Well, it's gonna be
06inwHyT7l0-00827-00196956-00197214 darkness. Darkness. First name and then
06inwHyT7l0-00828-00197214-00197385 we'll have a shared last name of gumdrop.
06inwHyT7l0-00829-00197388-00197550 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's beautiful. Well,
06inwHyT7l0-00830-00197577-00198051 okay. Where did you use to go by a lady
06inwHyT7l0-00831-00198051-00198189 darkness or something like that?
06inwHyT7l0-00832-00198239-00198437 Amelia Antrim: I mean, probably because I
06inwHyT7l0-00833-00198437-00198914 couldn't go but Gumdrop, right. Yeah, I'll
06inwHyT7l0-00834-00198914-00199061 be lady darkness. That's fine.
06inwHyT7l0-00835-00199083-00199263 Ryan Boelter: That's amazing. She her
06inwHyT7l0-00836-00199341-00199812 darkness. Darkness. So good. And bubble
06inwHyT7l0-00837-00199812-00199869 gum drop.
06inwHyT7l0-00838-00199884-00200019 Amelia Antrim: Bubble gum, bubble and
06inwHyT7l0-00839-00200019-00200076 darkness.
06inwHyT7l0-00840-00200082-00200259 Ben Wallis: I can just picture like the
06inwHyT7l0-00841-00200259-00200613 wedding. Like a you know, like the
06inwHyT7l0-00842-00200616-00200895 placeholders and the and the invitations
06inwHyT7l0-00843-00200895-00201183 and all this stuff now? Yeah. Oh, so good.
06inwHyT7l0-00844-00201249-00201465 So yeah, describe basically write a brief
06inwHyT7l0-00845-00201465-00201597 description for your character. And then
06inwHyT7l0-00846-00201597-00201888 when you're done, you can read them to one
06inwHyT7l0-00847-00201888-00201933 another.
06inwHyT7l0-00848-00201989-00202091 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, I'm trying to think
06inwHyT7l0-00849-00202091-00202352 like, what kind of descriptors I need
06inwHyT7l0-00850-00202352-00202700 aside from necromancer named darkness. And
06inwHyT7l0-00851-00202700-00202853 like Ryan, what descriptors do you need
06inwHyT7l0-00852-00202853-00203174 besides magical girl named? Bubbles?
06inwHyT7l0-00853-00203195-00203339 Bubble? Bubble gum,
06inwHyT7l0-00854-00203355-00203448 Unknown: bubble gum drop?
06inwHyT7l0-00855-00203510-00203765 Amelia Antrim: Drop? Yeah. Like that
06inwHyT7l0-00856-00203765-00203825 pretty much speaks?
06inwHyT7l0-00857-00203877-00204114 Ben Wallis: dies. I mean, you need a whole
06inwHyT7l0-00858-00204113-00204257 Amelia Antrim: lot more. I like that the
06inwHyT7l0-00859-00204257-00204482 audience can insinuate anything they want
06inwHyT7l0-00860-00204482-00204545 from that.
06inwHyT7l0-00861-00204648-00204933 Ryan Boelter: Furniture. Very, very
06inwHyT7l0-00862-00204933-00205023 colorful. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-00863-00205056-00205209 Ben Wallis: So what you do then is you
06inwHyT7l0-00864-00205209-00205421 write five traits. And you can kind of do
06inwHyT7l0-00865-00205421-00205581 this, there's like the way I typically do,
06inwHyT7l0-00866-00205581-00205734 but you could do it the way you did the
06inwHyT7l0-00867-00205734-00205983 objects too. So you could either write all
06inwHyT7l0-00868-00205983-00206259 five of them, and then take turns reading
06inwHyT7l0-00869-00206259-00206601 them to each other. Or you could, you
06inwHyT7l0-00870-00206601-00206771 know, do what you just did for the objects
06inwHyT7l0-00871-00206771-00207006 and just do one at a time. The other thing
06inwHyT7l0-00872-00207006-00207201 I would say is you ended up stacking your
06inwHyT7l0-00873-00207201-00207519 five cards in a stack. And I encourage
06inwHyT7l0-00874-00207519-00207921 people in the book to to try to forever
06inwHyT7l0-00875-00207921-00208083 make sense. It's not like a hard and fast
06inwHyT7l0-00876-00208083-00208323 thing by any means to just go from kind of
06inwHyT7l0-00877-00208323-00208560 like the more lighthearted ones to the
06inwHyT7l0-00878-00208560-00208731 like harder ones. The ones that are
06inwHyT7l0-00879-00208731-00208983 obviously like, tougher emotionally may be
06inwHyT7l0-00880-00208983-00209253 so similar to complex and when you read
06inwHyT7l0-00881-00209253-00209436 them back, not necessarily when writing
06inwHyT7l0-00882-00209436-00209682 them but when reading them back or
06inwHyT7l0-00883-00209682-00209910 certainly when stacking them in order
06inwHyT7l0-00884-00209913-00210030 because it just sort of help So at the
06inwHyT7l0-00885-00210030-00210108 curve of the game,
06inwHyT7l0-00886-00210141-00210242 Amelia Antrim: so these ones I'm writing
06inwHyT7l0-00887-00210242-00210467 traits about right? It's something you're
06inwHyT7l0-00888-00210507-00210657 attractive to him about him.
06inwHyT7l0-00889-00210660-00210789 Ben Wallis: Yes. Something you like about
06inwHyT7l0-00890-00210789-00210978 him or love about him or are attracted to
06inwHyT7l0-00891-00210996-00211236 or like about being in a relationship with
06inwHyT7l0-00892-00211236-00211479 him so or her I mean, I guess for
06inwHyT7l0-00893-00211482-00211830 bubblegum so like it could be her bright
06inwHyT7l0-00894-00211830-00212069 blue hair could be one of yours if you
06inwHyT7l0-00895-00212069-00212184 were to write something
06inwHyT7l0-00896-00212184-00212310 Amelia Antrim: like that. I'm gonna put
06inwHyT7l0-00897-00212310-00212565 endlessly optimistic or it could be
06inwHyT7l0-00898-00212565-00212934 Ben Wallis: something like she makes me
06inwHyT7l0-00899-00212934-00213146 feel safe. That's something that's like,
06inwHyT7l0-00900-00213210-00213419 you know, a way she makes you like the way
06inwHyT7l0-00901-00213419-00213558 the other person makes you feel.
06inwHyT7l0-00902-00213596-00213957 Ryan Boelter: Right. I've got so far. Her
06inwHyT7l0-00903-00213957-00214209 sly smile when she gets a devious idea.
06inwHyT7l0-00904-00214257-00214452 Amelia Antrim: Very nice. The way she gets
06inwHyT7l0-00905-00214452-00214752 so excited new opportunities, her
06inwHyT7l0-00906-00214752-00214887 villainous laugh
06inwHyT7l0-00907-00215217-00215364 the fact that she doesn't actually like
06inwHyT7l0-00908-00215364-00215577 rainbows. True or False? Ryan?
06inwHyT7l0-00909-00215877-00216309 Ryan Boelter: No common. The excitement in
06inwHyT7l0-00910-00216309-00216558 her eyes when getting to use her powers.
06inwHyT7l0-00911-00216606-00216840 Which is necromancy. Yep.
06inwHyT7l0-00912-00216966-00217089 Amelia Antrim: The way she recognizes when
06inwHyT7l0-00913-00217089-00217236 my idea is actually better.
06inwHyT7l0-00914-00217398-00217734 Ben Wallis: Love that one. Love that one.
06inwHyT7l0-00915-00217782-00217878 Amelia Antrim: Was like what can I write?
06inwHyT7l0-00916-00217878-00218214 That's like kind of loaded? Yeah. Exactly.
06inwHyT7l0-00917-00218319-00218475 Ryan Boelter: The seriousness and focus
06inwHyT7l0-00918-00218475-00218577 she has in battle.
06inwHyT7l0-00919-00218601-00218844 Amelia Antrim: Nice. I say how she cares
06inwHyT7l0-00920-00218844-00219162 more about everyone else than herself. Oh.
06inwHyT7l0-00921-00219327-00219465 Ben Wallis: Sometimes it's those that are
06inwHyT7l0-00922-00219465-00219654 the most brutal in this game because
06inwHyT7l0-00923-00219684-00219942 because, you know it's not true. The
06inwHyT7l0-00924-00219942-00220104 things well, you're at least going to
06inwHyT7l0-00925-00220104-00220284 become disillusioned with it later. And
06inwHyT7l0-00926-00220284-00220448 the process of becoming disillusioned with
06inwHyT7l0-00927-00220448-00220590 it is going to hurt. So
06inwHyT7l0-00928-00220716-00220896 Ryan Boelter: her soft spot for puppies?
06inwHyT7l0-00929-00220946-00221106 Oh my gosh.
06inwHyT7l0-00930-00221196-00221379 Amelia Antrim: Do I do have one though?
06inwHyT7l0-00931-00221610-00221880 Just my love puppies more than you. Maybe
06inwHyT7l0-00932-00221921-00221982 we'll find out.
06inwHyT7l0-00933-00222039-00222111 Ryan Boelter: We're gonna have to be
06inwHyT7l0-00934-00222111-00222210 disillusioned about that
06inwHyT7l0-00935-00222210-00222309 Amelia Antrim: later. This illusion you're
06inwHyT7l0-00936-00222309-00222528 gonna be like, we have 87 dogs here a
06inwHyT7l0-00937-00222528-00222633 woman and not.
06inwHyT7l0-00938-00222798-00222915 Ryan Boelter: They're all skeletons,
06inwHyT7l0-00939-00222987-00223065 skeletons.
06inwHyT7l0-00940-00223257-00223401 Amelia Antrim: It's not saving them if
06inwHyT7l0-00941-00223401-00223878 they don't have the skin anymore. You're
06inwHyT7l0-00942-00223878-00224703 not saving anything. I have 5123. Okay, so
06inwHyT7l0-00943-00224703-00224904 let's see here. I think actually, I kind
06inwHyT7l0-00944-00224904-00225315 of wrote them in an order that was already
06inwHyT7l0-00945-00225315-00225876 a little rough. They got worse as I went
06inwHyT7l0-00946-00225876-00226089 along. Let's say. That's fine.
06inwHyT7l0-00947-00226125-00226230 Ryan Boelter: All right. So we got our
06inwHyT7l0-00948-00226230-00226380 treats what's next? Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-00949-00226380-00226548 Ben Wallis: that's, that's basically
06inwHyT7l0-00950-00226551-00226769 character creation. Because once you've
06inwHyT7l0-00951-00226769-00226917 done that, you're ready to play the
06inwHyT7l0-00952-00226917-00227130 scenes. The one thing I didn't say before
06inwHyT7l0-00953-00227130-00227592 is that you at the end of every scene, you
06inwHyT7l0-00954-00227610-00227781 you should have, oh, I didn't mention that
06inwHyT7l0-00955-00227781-00227916 you need to have a candle to play this
06inwHyT7l0-00956-00227916-00228153 game and preferably a fire safe bowl. You
06inwHyT7l0-00957-00228153-00228276 don't need to have one to make characters
06inwHyT7l0-00958-00228276-00228398 because we're not actually playing all the
06inwHyT7l0-00959-00228398-00228555 way through. But you'll want to have a
06inwHyT7l0-00960-00228555-00228746 candle with a fire staple because what
06inwHyT7l0-00961-00228750-00229044 we're going to do is as you each scene
06inwHyT7l0-00962-00229044-00229179 you're going to work towards in the
06inwHyT7l0-00963-00229179-00229346 narrative kind of together because it's a
06inwHyT7l0-00964-00229346-00229496 cooperative game, you're going to work
06inwHyT7l0-00965-00229496-00229662 towards trying to have one of your
06inwHyT7l0-00966-00229662-00229869 characters disillusioned with a top tray
06inwHyT7l0-00967-00229869-00230202 in that stack. So Ryan, what's your top
06inwHyT7l0-00968-00230214-00230496 trait in your five that would be showing?
06inwHyT7l0-00969-00230546-00230736 Ryan Boelter: Um, so the one that I had
06inwHyT7l0-00970-00230736-00230910 here, like do I pick one or two
06inwHyT7l0-00971-00230982-00231102 Ben Wallis: in any order you want to so
06inwHyT7l0-00972-00231102-00231261 which one would be your top one for you're
06inwHyT7l0-00973-00231371-00231516 showing it to start of the game?
06inwHyT7l0-00974-00231569-00231681 Amelia Antrim: So right now mine is
06inwHyT7l0-00975-00231681-00231794 endlessly optimist
06inwHyT7l0-00976-00231794-00232002 Ben Wallis: endlessly optimistic so so you
06inwHyT7l0-00977-00232002-00232266 might be you might work towards becoming
06inwHyT7l0-00978-00232266-00232506 one of you know, your character becoming
06inwHyT7l0-00979-00232506-00232698 disillusioned with that and then the way
06inwHyT7l0-00980-00232698-00232896 that once you feel like once someone feels
06inwHyT7l0-00981-00232896-00233082 like they're top card is they've become
06inwHyT7l0-00982-00233082-00233346 disillusioned with that trait they can end
06inwHyT7l0-00983-00233346-00233573 the scene right then and there at that at
06inwHyT7l0-00984-00233573-00233841 that moment by saying I used to think are
06inwHyT7l0-00985-00233841-00234063 used to love are used to like and reading
06inwHyT7l0-00986-00234063-00234246 what's on the card and Ember and then you
06inwHyT7l0-00987-00234246-00234450 burn it and you break the object and that
06inwHyT7l0-00988-00234486-00234546 scene
06inwHyT7l0-00989-00234846-00235035 Ryan Boelter: this is no longer safe for
06inwHyT7l0-00990-00235035-00235161 work podcast. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-00991-00235191-00235314 Ben Wallis: I used to fire in the
06inwHyT7l0-00992-00235314-00235587 building. I used to love that you are used
06inwHyT7l0-00993-00235587-00235761 to think that you are endlessly optimistic
06inwHyT7l0-00994-00235761-00236175 and then you would Wow burn the trait. Ah,
06inwHyT7l0-00995-00236214-00236640 so becomes kind of rough because you know,
06inwHyT7l0-00996-00236658-00236850 becoming disillusioned with those things
06inwHyT7l0-00997-00236853-00237201 is the meat of the game and yeah, and the
06inwHyT7l0-00998-00237201-00237309 scenes that you play out.
06inwHyT7l0-00999-00237347-00237455 Amelia Antrim: You are not endlessly
06inwHyT7l0-01000-00237455-00237887 optimistic anymore. I know that I hope you
06inwHyT7l0-01001-00237887-00237926 have a fire
06inwHyT7l0-01002-00237927-00237990 Ben Wallis: safe bowl.
06inwHyT7l0-01003-00238065-00238244 Amelia Antrim: I have like a candle There
06inwHyT7l0-01004-00238244-00238544 you go. Already went out it's apparently
06inwHyT7l0-01005-00238544-00238830 not very flammable index card turns out it
06inwHyT7l0-01006-00238830-00239091 just the corner of it. kind of
06inwHyT7l0-01007-00239091-00239232 disappointing. Honestly. Now you're just
06inwHyT7l0-01008-00239232-00239523 endlessly Oh no, it's mostly nothing.
06inwHyT7l0-01009-00239523-00239667 You're endlessly nothing right?
06inwHyT7l0-01010-00239942-00240036 Ryan Boelter: Bubble gum up.
06inwHyT7l0-01011-00240060-00240221 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, probable gumdrop. I
06inwHyT7l0-01012-00240221-00240381 kind of like I wonder how this would go
06inwHyT7l0-01013-00240381-00240636 though. Like how, what what things do you
06inwHyT7l0-01014-00240636-00240879 think that you would become particularly
06inwHyT7l0-01015-00240879-00241104 disillusioned with Ryan? How do you see
06inwHyT7l0-01016-00241104-00241260 this going? Do you want to do our fanfic
06inwHyT7l0-01017-00241260-00241362 now or should we wait till the end?
06inwHyT7l0-01018-00241410-00241584 Ryan Boelter: Oh, gosh, let's wait. Let's
06inwHyT7l0-01019-00241584-00242001 wait on that. I really want to see how the
06inwHyT7l0-01020-00242001-00242205 other pairs kind of come to be.
06inwHyT7l0-01021-00242253-00242415 Amelia Antrim: Okay. All right. Well, why
06inwHyT7l0-01022-00242415-00242571 don't you since you have your idea for
06inwHyT7l0-01023-00242571-00242730 your Highlander one. Why don't you go for
06inwHyT7l0-01024-00242730-00242757 it?
06inwHyT7l0-01025-00242790-00243048 Ryan Boelter: Oh, sure. All right, Ben.
06inwHyT7l0-01026-00243051-00243344 Yes. You're down for this Highlander.
06inwHyT7l0-01027-00243405-00243732 Across millennia relationship breakup?
06inwHyT7l0-01028-00243735-00243927 Ben Wallis: Yeah, let's do it. Amazing.
06inwHyT7l0-01029-00243927-00244200 Absolutely. So what Yeah, do you want to?
06inwHyT7l0-01030-00244242-00244446 Okay, hi, let do we what can we do this?
06inwHyT7l0-01031-00244446-00244560 Well, we talked about the scenario a
06inwHyT7l0-01032-00244560-00244710 little bit first, and then your objects
06inwHyT7l0-01033-00244710-00244938 since we know it's Highlander, and we both
06inwHyT7l0-01034-00244938-00245229 kind of know stuff about that. So yeah. So
06inwHyT7l0-01035-00245229-00245637 we're gonna do a story over a great, like
06inwHyT7l0-01036-00245637-00245964 a significant amount of time. Yep. is sort
06inwHyT7l0-01037-00245964-00246159 of the end of the story. The breakup. Is
06inwHyT7l0-01038-00246159-00246339 that sort of modern day, are we thinking?
06inwHyT7l0-01039-00246432-00246569 Ryan Boelter: It can be any time? Yeah, I
06inwHyT7l0-01040-00246569-00246873 would say, like, it could be hundreds of
06inwHyT7l0-01041-00246873-00247182 years in the past. It could be like, you
06inwHyT7l0-01042-00247182-00247491 know, a year or two before the the final
06inwHyT7l0-01043-00247491-00247605 gathering or whatever?
06inwHyT7l0-01044-00247617-00248040 Ben Wallis: Yeah, yeah. I like, I like to
06inwHyT7l0-01045-00248040-00248205 do that. Maybe they haven't want in the
06inwHyT7l0-01046-00248205-00248334 final gathering. They haven't seen each
06inwHyT7l0-01047-00248334-00248573 other for decades. Yeah. So but maybe it's
06inwHyT7l0-01048-00248573-00248894 so maybe it's like a 20th century breakup
06inwHyT7l0-01049-00248894-00249069 scene. But then of course, you know, who
06inwHyT7l0-01050-00249069-00249291 knows how far back? So how far we could
06inwHyT7l0-01051-00249291-00249548 say we who knows, we know how far back?
06inwHyT7l0-01052-00249644-00249834 When do we want to say we have met? How
06inwHyT7l0-01053-00249834-00249992 far along is this relationship? Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01054-00250026-00250287 Ryan Boelter: you know, even met? Like,
06inwHyT7l0-01055-00250317-00250592 probably, what, 2000 years ago or
06inwHyT7l0-01056-00250592-00250866 something? Yeah, ridiculous. Like,
06inwHyT7l0-01057-00250917-00251238 probably had a relationship as just like,
06inwHyT7l0-01058-00251238-00251592 we knew each other as immortals, and then
06inwHyT7l0-01059-00251592-00251763 kept running into each other. And that
06inwHyT7l0-01060-00251763-00252201 eventually, we decided, hey, there's
06inwHyT7l0-01061-00252201-00252507 there's something here? Yeah, maybe a few
06inwHyT7l0-01062-00252507-00252828 100 years down the line after we met. So
06inwHyT7l0-01063-00252828-00253296 like, maybe medieval period of time, or,
06inwHyT7l0-01064-00253298-00253686 or later, all the way through? Like early
06inwHyT7l0-01065-00253686-00253929 Victorian, would be a good starting point
06inwHyT7l0-01066-00253929-00254031 of a relationship.
06inwHyT7l0-01067-00254034-00254265 Ben Wallis: Cool. That sounds great. All
06inwHyT7l0-01068-00254265-00254436 right. So that sounds good. That's
06inwHyT7l0-01069-00254436-00254616 probably enough for us to go off of to
06inwHyT7l0-01070-00254616-00254907 then go ahead and do the other things. So
06inwHyT7l0-01071-00254907-00255339 why don't we each do five objects? And and
06inwHyT7l0-01072-00255339-00255489 then what do you want to do you want to do
06inwHyT7l0-01073-00255489-00255633 them in turns? Or do you want to do them
06inwHyT7l0-01074-00255633-00255719 and then read them back?
06inwHyT7l0-01075-00255809-00255953 Ryan Boelter: Let's do them as we as we
06inwHyT7l0-01076-00255953-00256109 figure them out. Okay, cool.
06inwHyT7l0-01077-00256196-00256275 Ben Wallis: You know, it's really
06inwHyT7l0-01078-00256275-00256404 interesting, because this is definitely
06inwHyT7l0-01079-00256404-00256677 one where we could kind of accidentally
06inwHyT7l0-01080-00256677-00256962 duplicate. So reading them to each other,
06inwHyT7l0-01081-00256962-00257166 as we write them will help that not
06inwHyT7l0-01082-00257166-00257367 happen. Since it's Highlander. I just feel
06inwHyT7l0-01083-00257367-00257523 like there's some obvious ones that could
06inwHyT7l0-01084-00257523-00257577 happen.
06inwHyT7l0-01085-00257601-00257958 Ryan Boelter: Yeah. Okay, so catching you
06inwHyT7l0-01086-00257958-00258219 up, Amelia. We met over 2000 years ago.
06inwHyT7l0-01087-00258242-00258392 Oh, there you go. You just want to burn
06inwHyT7l0-01088-00258392-00259206 stuff. It's fine. We're figuring objects.
06inwHyT7l0-01089-00259263-00259367 Amelia Antrim: So I'm sorry. You're you're
06inwHyT7l0-01090-00259367-00259494 good to hear to be Highlanders.
06inwHyT7l0-01091-00259509-00259569 Highlander.
06inwHyT7l0-01092-00259571-00259791 Ryan Boelter: Immortals. Yep. That met
06inwHyT7l0-01093-00259791-00260127 over 2000 years previous to the present
06inwHyT7l0-01094-00260127-00260553 day. final gathering. And we broke up
06inwHyT7l0-01095-00260580-00261221 probably like early ish. 1900s. Okay. And
06inwHyT7l0-01096-00261221-00261438 haven't seen each other for decades before
06inwHyT7l0-01097-00261438-00261801 we met for the final like duel to the
06inwHyT7l0-01098-00261801-00261846 death.
06inwHyT7l0-01099-00261888-00262113 Amelia Antrim: Oh, okay. So you're going
06inwHyT7l0-01100-00262113-00262251 into this duel and in the death to the
06inwHyT7l0-01101-00262251-00262542 death you've broken up? Yeah. already?
06inwHyT7l0-01102-00262548-00262650 Yeah. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01103-00262659-00262818 Ryan Boelter: okay. And now we have to
06inwHyT7l0-01104-00262818-00263202 face each other one last time. And one of
06inwHyT7l0-01105-00263202-00263400 us is either going to lose our
06inwHyT7l0-01106-00263400-00263760 immortality, or possibly kill the other
06inwHyT7l0-01107-00263772-00263934 Ben Wallis: is so good. It's such a good
06inwHyT7l0-01108-00263940-00264153 mashup. The other thing you could do for
06inwHyT7l0-01109-00264153-00264459 this is you could have the breakup scene.
06inwHyT7l0-01110-00264504-00264702 It could be the duel if you wanted to
06inwHyT7l0-01111-00264702-00264849 people wanted to play it that way. If they
06inwHyT7l0-01112-00264849-00264963 were thinking of it that way that you
06inwHyT7l0-01113-00264963-00265164 could easily do that. Because the thing
06inwHyT7l0-01114-00265164-00265344 about the breakup scene is it's it doesn't
06inwHyT7l0-01115-00265344-00265500 follow the normal virtual procedure.
06inwHyT7l0-01116-00265530-00265695 Instead of like one person saying,
06inwHyT7l0-01117-00265695-00265830 remember when the other person Have you
06inwHyT7l0-01118-00265830-00266100 forgot about you remember the breakups in
06inwHyT7l0-01119-00266100-00266280 the same way. So you sort of decide
06inwHyT7l0-01120-00266298-00266529 together, where you break up what the
06inwHyT7l0-01121-00266529-00266958 details are, how it happens. And so you
06inwHyT7l0-01122-00266958-00267243 could that is just another way with this.
06inwHyT7l0-01123-00267243-00267399 Someone could do that final scene.
06inwHyT7l0-01124-00267453-00267642 Ryan Boelter: Absolutely. If we were doing
06inwHyT7l0-01125-00267642-00268035 this with with the other game as well. I
06inwHyT7l0-01126-00268035-00268344 can see us doing the breakup previously
06inwHyT7l0-01127-00268344-00268542 and then all of that emotional weight.
06inwHyT7l0-01128-00268605-00268857 Going into the game itself would be fun,
06inwHyT7l0-01129-00268857-00268983 not so good.
06inwHyT7l0-01130-00268983-00269106 Ben Wallis: Yeah. So I have
06inwHyT7l0-01131-00269106-00269310 Amelia Antrim: an object up is dual is
06inwHyT7l0-01132-00269310-00269571 like high stakes.
06inwHyT7l0-01133-00269658-00270165 Ryan Boelter: It is Alright, so objects.
06inwHyT7l0-01134-00270285-00270507 Ben Wallis: I have one. Yeah. My father's
06inwHyT7l0-01135-00270507-00270717 fishing boat from our fishing village from
06inwHyT7l0-01136-00270717-00270909 my fishing village. Okay,
06inwHyT7l0-01137-00270963-00271383 Ryan Boelter: I've got an object. My
06inwHyT7l0-01138-00271431-00271533 legacy sword.
06inwHyT7l0-01139-00271671-00271785 Amelia Antrim: Got to break that.
06inwHyT7l0-01140-00271830-00272109 Ben Wallis: Yep. A painting of you painted
06inwHyT7l0-01141-00272109-00272508 by me. Oh, why
06inwHyT7l0-01142-00272655-00272892 Ryan Boelter: our original marriage
06inwHyT7l0-01143-00272892-00273075 certificate equivalent from the Middle
06inwHyT7l0-01144-00273075-00273132 Ages?
06inwHyT7l0-01145-00273176-00273434 Ben Wallis: Yeah. So like the probably
06inwHyT7l0-01146-00273434-00273803 what that would be would be the, like wet
06inwHyT7l0-01147-00273803-00273992 the record the wedding record book
06inwHyT7l0-01148-00273992-00274331 basically from the church. Yeah. Which is
06inwHyT7l0-01149-00274334-00274469 interesting because I wrote down and
06inwHyT7l0-01150-00274470-00274578 Amelia Antrim: take everybody down with
06inwHyT7l0-01151-00274578-00274749 you. Yeah. Yes.
06inwHyT7l0-01152-00274854-00274977 Ben Wallis: So mine was kind of that's
06inwHyT7l0-01153-00274977-00275127 interesting, because my next one I wrote
06inwHyT7l0-01154-00275127-00275346 was before you even said that was a
06inwHyT7l0-01155-00275346-00275631 stained glass window. So I'm going to be
06inwHyT7l0-01156-00275652-00275928 from the church, adding that detail. I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01157-00275928-00276021 Ryan Boelter: the church that we got
06inwHyT7l0-01158-00276021-00276099 married, of course, I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01159-00276099-00276204 Ben Wallis: going to detail now.
06inwHyT7l0-01160-00276207-00276525 Ryan Boelter: Oh, amazing. Ah, yikes.
06inwHyT7l0-01161-00276573-00276624 Okay.
06inwHyT7l0-01162-00276732-00276972 Ben Wallis: I wrote a letter from you.
06inwHyT7l0-01163-00277029-00277092 Pretty simple.
06inwHyT7l0-01164-00277095-00277293 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's very good. I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01165-00277293-00277776 gonna say a recording of us singing
06inwHyT7l0-01166-00277779-00278148 together. When that was first, like,
06inwHyT7l0-01167-00278151-00278313 introduced technology wise.
06inwHyT7l0-01168-00278316-00278571 Ben Wallis: Yeah. I love that. Wow, that's
06inwHyT7l0-01169-00278571-00278808 really good. I kind of went to the same
06inwHyT7l0-01170-00278832-00279045 place you did in my mind of like, time,
06inwHyT7l0-01171-00279084-00279294 and I was gonna do something like, let's
06inwHyT7l0-01172-00279294-00279954 see. Oh, I'm not very good with years of
06inwHyT7l0-01173-00279957-00280224 cars. But I was gonna do like a car like,
06inwHyT7l0-01174-00280293-00280614 like a, like a 60s era Chevelle or
06inwHyT7l0-01175-00280614-00280683 something.
06inwHyT7l0-01176-00280905-00281058 Amelia Antrim: My son asked me if they had
06inwHyT7l0-01177-00281058-00281322 cars in the 60s. And I was like you have
06inwHyT7l0-01178-00281322-00281547 written in a 68 Mustang. Like my dad has a
06inwHyT7l0-01179-00281547-00281649 68 Mustang.
06inwHyT7l0-01180-00281678-00281819 Ryan Boelter: They go back to the 20s.
06inwHyT7l0-01181-00281819-00281906 Right. And then they
06inwHyT7l0-01182-00281907-00282048 Amelia Antrim: go back to the 19 Oh, to
06inwHyT7l0-01183-00282132-00282234 1902
06inwHyT7l0-01184-00282315-00282399 Ryan Boelter: Well, when did we want to
06inwHyT7l0-01185-00282399-00282624 break up? I guess that's the question.
06inwHyT7l0-01186-00282630-00282801 Ben Wallis: Right? Yeah, so we said we
06inwHyT7l0-01187-00282801-00282876 want like,
06inwHyT7l0-01188-00282990-00283164 Ryan Boelter: cuz I was almost thinking
06inwHyT7l0-01189-00283164-00283581 like the the flappers era. Roaring 20s.
06inwHyT7l0-01190-00283644-00283782 Ben Wallis: So yeah, could be like, oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01191-00283785-00284025 like, yeah, that like that era. I'm just
06inwHyT7l0-01192-00284025-00284232 gonna put I'm just gonna put classic car
06inwHyT7l0-01193-00284259-00284442 as my project. And then like, in the
06inwHyT7l0-01194-00284442-00284652 course of play, you might inspire you to
06inwHyT7l0-01195-00284685-00284889 inspire any number of scenes.
06inwHyT7l0-01196-00284930-00285332 Ryan Boelter: Yeah. Um, let's see. Okay,
06inwHyT7l0-01197-00285359-00285656 um, a book of poetry I wrote about you
06inwHyT7l0-01198-00285656-00285755 after we first bent.
06inwHyT7l0-01199-00285809-00286052 Amelia Antrim: So good. Do they know it's
06inwHyT7l0-01200-00286052-00286130 about them?
06inwHyT7l0-01201-00286163-00286292 Ryan Boelter: I think they would have
06inwHyT7l0-01202-00286292-00286574 eventually Yeah. Okay. Wishes now and
06inwHyT7l0-01203-00286574-00286868 what? almost 2000 years old, which is wild
06inwHyT7l0-01204-00286868-00286889 that
06inwHyT7l0-01205-00286890-00287169 Ben Wallis: is wild. So I have five
06inwHyT7l0-01206-00287169-00287361 objects. So I went ahead and wrote a
06inwHyT7l0-01207-00287361-00287547 little brief description of my characters.
06inwHyT7l0-01208-00287547-00287595 Nice.
06inwHyT7l0-01209-00287598-00287865 Ryan Boelter: I need one more object that
06inwHyT7l0-01210-00287865-00288084 spans all of time.
06inwHyT7l0-01211-00288393-00288483 Amelia Antrim: I think it should be some
06inwHyT7l0-01212-00288483-00288756 like flowers you picked together at some
06inwHyT7l0-01213-00288756-00288975 point. Some like dried flowers, but like
06inwHyT7l0-01214-00288975-00289245 you picked on like, I like high cliffs.
06inwHyT7l0-01215-00289245-00289254 You
06inwHyT7l0-01216-00289254-00289491 Ben Wallis: preserve them somehow. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-01217-00289575-00289920 Ryan Boelter: Oh, like, maybe preserved a
06inwHyT7l0-01218-00289920-00290214 flower in some Amber. Yeah, that's great.
06inwHyT7l0-01219-00290295-00290934 From when we first started courting. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01220-00290985-00291024 yep.
06inwHyT7l0-01221-00291075-00291282 Amelia Antrim: Goodness. This game is not
06inwHyT7l0-01222-00291282-00291429 for those who don't like feelings
06inwHyT7l0-01223-00291453-00291912 Ryan Boelter: are no, great. Okay, so did
06inwHyT7l0-01224-00291912-00292104 we want to read down our lists like we did
06inwHyT7l0-01225-00292176-00292248 with Amelia?
06inwHyT7l0-01226-00292280-00292373 Amelia Antrim: Because I think I missed a
06inwHyT7l0-01227-00292373-00292418 couple.
06inwHyT7l0-01228-00292436-00292652 Ryan Boelter: Yep. All right. So my
06inwHyT7l0-01229-00292652-00293105 objects were my legacy sword. Our original
06inwHyT7l0-01230-00293105-00293345 marriage certificate equivalent from the
06inwHyT7l0-01231-00293345-00293651 Middle Ages, which we decided was like a
06inwHyT7l0-01232-00293651-00294053 wedding record book. A recording of us
06inwHyT7l0-01233-00294056-00294263 singing together from the dawn of
06inwHyT7l0-01234-00294263-00294359 recording equipment.
06inwHyT7l0-01235-00294441-00294531 Ben Wallis: That's my favorite one of
06inwHyT7l0-01236-00294531-00294567 these.
06inwHyT7l0-01237-00294762-00294921 Ryan Boelter: A book of poetry I wrote
06inwHyT7l0-01238-00294921-00295254 about you after we first met so rough a
06inwHyT7l0-01239-00295254-00295509 preserved flower in Amber from when we
06inwHyT7l0-01240-00295509-00295665 first started courting.
06inwHyT7l0-01241-00295698-00295896 Ben Wallis: Mine are my father's fishing
06inwHyT7l0-01242-00295896-00296226 boat from my fishing village. A painting
06inwHyT7l0-01243-00296226-00296601 of you painted by me stained glass window
06inwHyT7l0-01244-00296601-00296853 from the church where we got married an
06inwHyT7l0-01245-00296853-00297159 old letter from you and the classic car
06inwHyT7l0-01246-00297210-00297279 Ryan Boelter: amusing
06inwHyT7l0-01247-00297282-00297600 Amelia Antrim: your bank Yeah, yeah boat a
06inwHyT7l0-01248-00297600-00297732 car window. What
06inwHyT7l0-01249-00297732-00297867 Ben Wallis: is because see, this is
06inwHyT7l0-01250-00297867-00298128 because like, I haven't gotten to do that
06inwHyT7l0-01251-00298128-00298461 in a game really where like, like, because
06inwHyT7l0-01252-00298464-00298707 I've found so many real objects that break
06inwHyT7l0-01253-00298707-00298890 my desire with a popsicle stick version of
06inwHyT7l0-01254-00298890-00299091 the game is to always come up with just
06inwHyT7l0-01255-00299091-00299259 like stuff that will be so hard to
06inwHyT7l0-01256-00299259-00299406 actually break in real life. You could
06inwHyT7l0-01257-00299406-00299685 never do that. That's kind of why I always
06inwHyT7l0-01258-00299685-00299832 just default to that one. I'm doing it
06inwHyT7l0-01259-00299832-00299868 that way.
06inwHyT7l0-01260-00300087-00300381 Ryan Boelter: I wonder because when you
06inwHyT7l0-01261-00300381-00300621 create a character in my game, you you
06inwHyT7l0-01262-00300621-00300873 choose one of the archetypes. Yeah. It
06inwHyT7l0-01263-00300873-00301338 almost feels like I guess, depends on what
06inwHyT7l0-01264-00301338-00301554 you want to be for, for your character.
06inwHyT7l0-01265-00301554-00301785 And for my character, like one of us would
06inwHyT7l0-01266-00301785-00301941 be the love interest. And one of them
06inwHyT7l0-01267-00301968-00302124 would could either be the hero, the
06inwHyT7l0-01268-00302124-00302664 villain, the the best friend, the
06inwHyT7l0-01269-00302781-00302925 dashboard as the other ones, or the
06inwHyT7l0-01270-00302925-00303147 observer, like somebody that's tried to
06inwHyT7l0-01271-00303147-00303378 remain neutral, throughout all of history.
06inwHyT7l0-01272-00303504-00303960 And then there is there's one more like
06inwHyT7l0-01273-00303960-00304065 side character,
06inwHyT7l0-01274-00304110-00304236 Amelia Antrim: the Dark Magician, I'm just
06inwHyT7l0-01275-00304236-00304251 gonna
06inwHyT7l0-01276-00304365-00304809 Ryan Boelter: play this. Right. But it, it
06inwHyT7l0-01277-00304809-00305079 leans into those Highlander trope types of
06inwHyT7l0-01278-00305079-00305196 characters and stuff.
06inwHyT7l0-01279-00305222-00305345 Ben Wallis: Well, if you have to battle
06inwHyT7l0-01280-00305345-00305582 each other in the final battle after
06inwHyT7l0-01281-00305582-00305792 having broken up, like what do you think
06inwHyT7l0-01282-00305792-00306086 the two best options for archetypes like?
06inwHyT7l0-01283-00306131-00306347 Like to end up being those would be I
06inwHyT7l0-01284-00306347-00306503 mean, hero and villain is pretty obvious.
06inwHyT7l0-01285-00306503-00306731 We could that could be me, but there are I
06inwHyT7l0-01286-00306731-00306932 think there's other ways to do it. Right.
06inwHyT7l0-01287-00306980-00307166 You could be I think that's fine. That's a
06inwHyT7l0-01288-00307166-00307280 good one. Sorry,
06inwHyT7l0-01289-00307284-00307389 Ryan Boelter: best best friend is
06inwHyT7l0-01290-00307389-00307710 definitely a good one. Yeah, I wonder just
06inwHyT7l0-01291-00307710-00307914 best friend and love interest would be a
06inwHyT7l0-01292-00307914-00308109 good combo. I think that's the one that's
06inwHyT7l0-01293-00308112-00308352 that's to me. That's the one that hurts my
06inwHyT7l0-01294-00308352-00308688 heart. Yeah, absolutely. Because like the
06inwHyT7l0-01295-00308688-00308859 design of the game is you're there with
06inwHyT7l0-01296-00308859-00309081 two others. Right. Okay, so there's four
06inwHyT7l0-01297-00309081-00309546 altogether. And so best friend and the
06inwHyT7l0-01298-00309546-00309957 love interest, and whomever else? Yeah. So
06inwHyT7l0-01299-00309957-00310224 it's like, do we team up at first? Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-01300-00310656-00310794 Ben Wallis: It's like the scenario that
06inwHyT7l0-01301-00310794-00311025 the two of you always knew could be a
06inwHyT7l0-01302-00311025-00311244 possibility. And you never wanted to talk
06inwHyT7l0-01303-00311244-00311415 about our admit. I mean, that's the thing.
06inwHyT7l0-01304-00311415-00311586 And then I would imagine that the
06inwHyT7l0-01305-00311586-00311820 conversation will come up through playing
06inwHyT7l0-01306-00311823-00311979 the 10 scenes of broken
06inwHyT7l0-01307-00311982-00312132 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, you've you've
06inwHyT7l0-01308-00312132-00312492 literally had each other's back for 1500
06inwHyT7l0-01309-00312492-00312585 years. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-01310-00312627-00312768 Amelia Antrim: Right. Like, you know that
06inwHyT7l0-01311-00312768-00312930 it'll come down to this at some point, but
06inwHyT7l0-01312-00312930-00313176 we just don't speak of it. Because if we
06inwHyT7l0-01313-00313176-00313344 do, that's the end of things.
06inwHyT7l0-01314-00313365-00313569 Ryan Boelter: Uh huh. Oh, here it is.
06inwHyT7l0-01315-00313572-00313827 Goodness. Gracious. Look, I
06inwHyT7l0-01316-00313827-00313977 Amelia Antrim: learned Highlander things.
06inwHyT7l0-01317-00313995-00314619 Ryan Boelter: I know. I am. So brief
06inwHyT7l0-01318-00314619-00315081 description. Yeah. Gosh, I need a name to
06inwHyT7l0-01319-00315144-00315300 Ben Wallis: show me the reason why you're
06inwHyT7l0-01320-00315300-00315687 doing that. So my whatever it is. My name
06inwHyT7l0-01321-00315687-00316095 is Krista Aldo mono. And I go by Chris now
06inwHyT7l0-01322-00316113-00316422 and in the modern day. But crystal Aldo is
06inwHyT7l0-01323-00316422-00316716 a tall dark haired Italian man with deep
06inwHyT7l0-01324-00316716-00316971 sensitive brown eyes all of skin and rough
06inwHyT7l0-01325-00316971-00317046 hands.
06inwHyT7l0-01326-00317118-00317223 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's good.
06inwHyT7l0-01327-00317259-00317373 Amelia Antrim: The hands of a fisherman?
06inwHyT7l0-01328-00317415-00317553 Yeah, exactly.
06inwHyT7l0-01329-00317874-00317991 Ryan Boelter: Oh, what's a good name that
06inwHyT7l0-01330-00317991-00318105 pairs well with that?
06inwHyT7l0-01331-00318231-00318408 Amelia Antrim: What? What are your What
06inwHyT7l0-01332-00318408-00318549 are your gender feelings?
06inwHyT7l0-01333-00318780-00318927 Ryan Boelter: Gosh, I could go either.
06inwHyT7l0-01334-00319011-00319398 Pretty much anyway, on this one. Yeah, I
06inwHyT7l0-01335-00319398-00319947 taking classic classic Highlander. She her
06inwHyT7l0-01336-00319947-00320529 pronouns? Um, gosh. Like, I think like a
06inwHyT7l0-01337-00320646-00321036 good Spanish name would be nice in this
06inwHyT7l0-01338-00321039-00321129 scenario.
06inwHyT7l0-01339-00321159-00321336 Amelia Antrim: Good Spanish lady name.
06inwHyT7l0-01340-00321351-00321744 Yeah. I mean, Isabella is
06inwHyT7l0-01341-00321749-00321911 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's good. That is a
06inwHyT7l0-01342-00321911-00322133 good one. And what was your character's
06inwHyT7l0-01343-00322133-00322199 last name?
06inwHyT7l0-01344-00322205-00322511 Ben Wallis: Mano? Ma N N Oh, okay.
06inwHyT7l0-01345-00322515-00322659 Ryan Boelter: I think she probably took
06inwHyT7l0-01346-00322659-00322899 your name when they got married and she
06inwHyT7l0-01347-00322899-00323244 never let it go. Oh, boy.
06inwHyT7l0-01348-00323406-00323586 Amelia Antrim: This is fine. Everything's
06inwHyT7l0-01349-00323823-00324006 Ben Wallis: great. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-01350-00324009-00324324 Ryan Boelter: yeah. So yeah, she's she's a
06inwHyT7l0-01351-00324324-00324930 well dressed Spanish woman with long
06inwHyT7l0-01352-00324933-00325632 flowing dark hair. And a a sleek rapier
06inwHyT7l0-01353-00325713-00325887 for her preferred sword
06inwHyT7l0-01354-00325890-00326271 Amelia Antrim: who I love it. Yeah. Okay,
06inwHyT7l0-01355-00326271-00326481 yeah. Okay, so should we break hearts
06inwHyT7l0-01356-00326481-00326538 again?
06inwHyT7l0-01357-00326547-00326718 Ryan Boelter: Now we well we need traits
06inwHyT7l0-01358-00326718-00326811 now. Right right. So
06inwHyT7l0-01359-00326811-00326985 Amelia Antrim: you guys we haven't even
06inwHyT7l0-01360-00326985-00327147 made it as bad as it could be. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-01361-00327252-00327429 Ben Wallis: But your character I already
06inwHyT7l0-01362-00327429-00327576 got my first one cooking here.
06inwHyT7l0-01363-00327624-00327903 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, God. Here I am. Can't
06inwHyT7l0-01364-00327903-00327996 get any worse.
06inwHyT7l0-01365-00328200-00328299 Ben Wallis: I don't remember how we did it
06inwHyT7l0-01366-00328299-00328443 with Amelia but do you want to do we read
06inwHyT7l0-01367-00328443-00328605 them as we go or all at once I forget how
06inwHyT7l0-01368-00328605-00328653 we did it.
06inwHyT7l0-01369-00328716-00328866 Amelia Antrim: We did. We did both. We
06inwHyT7l0-01370-00328866-00329019 read them like back and forth as we went
06inwHyT7l0-01371-00329019-00329154 in summary. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-01372-00329157-00329364 Ben Wallis: So the one I the one you
06inwHyT7l0-01373-00329364-00329736 inspired immediately was the way you're
06inwHyT7l0-01374-00329736-00329946 fighting is like dancing.
06inwHyT7l0-01375-00330000-00330348 Ryan Boelter: Oh yeah, I went with the
06inwHyT7l0-01376-00330348-00330492 depth of your gaze.
06inwHyT7l0-01377-00330498-00330741 Ben Wallis: Mm hmm. The way she smells
06inwHyT7l0-01378-00330741-00330936 like lilies all of the time.
06inwHyT7l0-01379-00330984-00331278 Amelia Antrim: Oh, it's evocative,
06inwHyT7l0-01380-00331374-00331524 Ryan Boelter: the soothing sound of your
06inwHyT7l0-01381-00331524-00331686 heartbeat when we embrace.
06inwHyT7l0-01382-00331752-00332022 Amelia Antrim: Yes. So how do you get to
06inwHyT7l0-01383-00332025-00332181 disillusion without you like, your
06inwHyT7l0-01384-00332181-00332292 heartbeat? It's so loud.
06inwHyT7l0-01385-00332520-00332622 Ryan Boelter: Maybe becomes more of like a
06inwHyT7l0-01386-00332622-00332751 TellTale Heart sort of thing.
06inwHyT7l0-01387-00332865-00332946 Ben Wallis: Yeah, would be really
06inwHyT7l0-01388-00332946-00333078 interesting to see how that one, you'd end
06inwHyT7l0-01389-00333078-00333324 up being delicious. You probably I mean,
06inwHyT7l0-01390-00333324-00333444 my instinct to having played the game is
06inwHyT7l0-01391-00333444-00333678 probably you'd become disillusioned with
06inwHyT7l0-01392-00333678-00333882 like the embrace and aspect of it. So like
06inwHyT7l0-01393-00333882-00334086 the personal touch or the way they hold
06inwHyT7l0-01394-00334086-00334260 them or something like that way. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-01395-00334263-00334440 would change through the through some
06inwHyT7l0-01396-00334440-00334662 scene. And through something that would
06inwHyT7l0-01397-00334662-00334779 happen between the two of you that
06inwHyT7l0-01398-00334779-00335058 touching, but I do like, I do. I like that
06inwHyT7l0-01399-00335145-00335292 would be really, if you could come up with
06inwHyT7l0-01400-00335292-00335454 a way to do it about the heartbeat itself.
06inwHyT7l0-01401-00335454-00335610 That will be really wild.
06inwHyT7l0-01402-00335624-00335747 Amelia Antrim: It's like suddenly, I'm so
06inwHyT7l0-01403-00335747-00335927 aware of all the times you're lying to me.
06inwHyT7l0-01404-00335982-00336237 Ryan Boelter: Yeah. Or like maybe maybe
06inwHyT7l0-01405-00336237-00336591 Isabella wasn't 100% faithful and so every
06inwHyT7l0-01406-00336591-00336942 time she hears your heartbeat it's like
06inwHyT7l0-01407-00336942-00337419 guilty. feels guilty. Oh. Oh.
06inwHyT7l0-01408-00337551-00337710 Ben Wallis: Well, that made me write down
06inwHyT7l0-01409-00337713-00337956 she never ever wise to me.
06inwHyT7l0-01410-00338997-00339363 Amelia Antrim: Yes, but No. Bite. But yes,
06inwHyT7l0-01411-00339363-00339417 but yes.
06inwHyT7l0-01412-00339642-00339939 Ryan Boelter: I put bottos fisherman's
06inwHyT7l0-01413-00339939-00340023 hand though.
06inwHyT7l0-01414-00340299-00340542 Amelia Antrim: Those hands though. Love
06inwHyT7l0-01415-00340542-00340566 it.
06inwHyT7l0-01416-00340601-00340730 Ben Wallis: This would also be kind of an
06inwHyT7l0-01417-00340730-00340889 interesting one to get to solution with
06inwHyT7l0-01418-00340892-00341348 but I like the challenge I wrote. Years
06inwHyT7l0-01419-00341348-00341516 feel like minutes and minutes feel like
06inwHyT7l0-01420-00341516-00341744 yours together. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01421-00341772-00342066 Ryan Boelter: that's good. Always charming
06inwHyT7l0-01422-00342069-00342228 in social situations.
06inwHyT7l0-01423-00342321-00342525 Ben Wallis: Love it. And my last one that
06inwHyT7l0-01424-00342525-00342942 I have is I feel like no one could ever
06inwHyT7l0-01425-00342942-00343320 hurt me when we're together. And if I was
06inwHyT7l0-01426-00343320-00343527 stacking these, I would definitely stack
06inwHyT7l0-01427-00343527-00343707 that one last without it. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-01428-00343713-00343824 Amelia Antrim: right before they do. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01429-00343827-00344049 yeah. No one can hurt me. Exactly. Except
06inwHyT7l0-01430-00344049-00344319 you. Exactly. You
06inwHyT7l0-01431-00344319-00344454 Ryan Boelter: have always had my back.
06inwHyT7l0-01432-00344457-00344748 Yeah, that's good. It's so good. It's so
06inwHyT7l0-01433-00344748-00345309 good. Wow,
06inwHyT7l0-01434-00345312-00345570 Ben Wallis: yep. Wow is right. Already.
06inwHyT7l0-01435-00345960-00346113 Doing these in a row where you're making
06inwHyT7l0-01436-00346113-00346248 these character these games, and now
06inwHyT7l0-01437-00346248-00346440 playing them is kind of brutal, because
06inwHyT7l0-01438-00346440-00346644 it's like, oh, here's one gut wrenching
06inwHyT7l0-01439-00346644-00346800 scenario. And here's another gut wrenching
06inwHyT7l0-01440-00346800-00346842 scenario
06inwHyT7l0-01441-00347259-00347481 Amelia Antrim: we do here. Yeah. We just
06inwHyT7l0-01442-00347481-00347547 hurt feelings.
06inwHyT7l0-01443-00347547-00347715 Ben Wallis: Exactly. Right. Carts. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01444-00347715-00347859 that's what the game is meant to do.
06inwHyT7l0-01445-00347889-00348222 Amelia Antrim: Yeah. Yeah. So now is that
06inwHyT7l0-01446-00348234-00348465 Yeah, you too. Now it's our turn. All
06inwHyT7l0-01447-00348465-00348630 Ben Wallis: right. Any inspiration yet? At
06inwHyT7l0-01448-00348630-00348771 all. Amelia? What are you thinking?
06inwHyT7l0-01449-00348797-00348974 Amelia Antrim: I'm kind of thinking I
06inwHyT7l0-01450-00348974-00349166 would like to I know we've done to kind of
06inwHyT7l0-01451-00349166-00349346 like fantasy. Yeah, sort of ones are
06inwHyT7l0-01452-00349346-00349514 ready. So I'm thinking I would either like
06inwHyT7l0-01453-00349514-00349622 to do something that's like hyper
06inwHyT7l0-01454-00349622-00349892 realistic, or I want to do like space.
06inwHyT7l0-01455-00349944-00350163 Ben Wallis: So, you know, you presented me
06inwHyT7l0-01456-00350163-00350565 with a horrible question is because like,
06inwHyT7l0-01457-00350574-00350877 I feel bad about like being aching. It's
06inwHyT7l0-01458-00350877-00350928 just like
06inwHyT7l0-01459-00350928-00351087 Amelia Antrim: hyper realistic in space.
06inwHyT7l0-01460-00351120-00351324 Okay. Okay. For just like regular people
06inwHyT7l0-01461-00351327-00351570 who are regular thing in space space
06inwHyT7l0-01462-00351570-00351762 Ben Wallis: in the future. I love that.
06inwHyT7l0-01463-00351762-00352041 All right. So we want to like, flesh out
06inwHyT7l0-01464-00352041-00352212 the scenario slightly more before doing
06inwHyT7l0-01465-00352212-00352386 the objects and we probably should. Okay,
06inwHyT7l0-01466-00352401-00352767 so how about if we are people who live on
06inwHyT7l0-01467-00352767-00353151 a space station? Do you think what are you
06inwHyT7l0-01468-00353154-00353319 when you say space? Are you thinking like
06inwHyT7l0-01469-00353319-00353847 more? Star Trek or Star Wars type fantasy,
06inwHyT7l0-01470-00353847-00354135 like, fantasy and space? Or like, really?
06inwHyT7l0-01471-00354219-00354366 Amelia Antrim: Like, yeah, I mean, I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01472-00354366-00354642 thinking more Star Trek, kind of, I mean,
06inwHyT7l0-01473-00354651-00354771 at this point, when I'm talking about
06inwHyT7l0-01474-00354771-00354963 like, normal people instead, like I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01475-00354963-00355095 thinking like, we're dealing with like,
06inwHyT7l0-01476-00355098-00355257 the daily the ins and outs of space
06inwHyT7l0-01477-00355257-00355581 bureaucracy. Yep. Yep. You know, like, I'd
06inwHyT7l0-01478-00355581-00355740 like to be like a customs agent or
06inwHyT7l0-01479-00355740-00355851 something. Oh, that
06inwHyT7l0-01480-00355869-00356052 Ben Wallis: a customs agent is good.
06inwHyT7l0-01481-00356085-00356247 Because the space station like you're
06inwHyT7l0-01482-00356247-00356379 coming through the space station, they
06inwHyT7l0-01483-00356379-00356517 have to go through customs all the time.
06inwHyT7l0-01484-00356538-00356847 And oh, is it too much of a okay, this is
06inwHyT7l0-01485-00356847-00356982 good, safe. Do you like to also be a
06inwHyT7l0-01486-00356982-00357156 customs agent? Well, my question was going
06inwHyT7l0-01487-00357156-00357309 to be in this as a safety thing I think we
06inwHyT7l0-01488-00357309-00357507 would have to talk about as far as like a
06inwHyT7l0-01489-00357507-00357852 safety conversation is what if, what if
06inwHyT7l0-01490-00357852-00358101 I'm your boss or you're my boss, one of us
06inwHyT7l0-01491-00358101-00358236 is the other person's boss. There's a
06inwHyT7l0-01492-00358236-00358386 power dynamic there. So that's where this
06inwHyT7l0-01493-00358422-00358509 conversation.
06inwHyT7l0-01494-00358518-00358773 Amelia Antrim: Sure, sure. Yeah, I mean,
06inwHyT7l0-01495-00358773-00359013 I'm certainly fine with that. Do you I
06inwHyT7l0-01496-00359013-00359154 mean, do you want to be my boss? That's
06inwHyT7l0-01497-00359154-00359364 fine. It does. You don't like being I
06inwHyT7l0-01498-00359364-00359520 don't like being in charge of things.
06inwHyT7l0-01499-00359523-00359559 Okay.
06inwHyT7l0-01500-00359565-00359694 Ben Wallis: I can be your boss. That's
06inwHyT7l0-01501-00359694-00359985 fine. Okay. It just it as an interesting
06inwHyT7l0-01502-00359985-00360192 point. are dynamic I think the people who
06inwHyT7l0-01503-00360192-00360321 would play that would have to be really
06inwHyT7l0-01504-00360321-00360525 careful with safety tools and be on the
06inwHyT7l0-01505-00360525-00360894 same page about how that would go. And so
06inwHyT7l0-01506-00360894-00361080 that way it doesn't cross anyone's like
06inwHyT7l0-01507-00361083-00361296 Amelia Antrim: I'm thinking in this
06inwHyT7l0-01508-00361296-00361530 scenario that like we work together and
06inwHyT7l0-01509-00361530-00361767 customs for a while, like maybe that's how
06inwHyT7l0-01510-00361767-00362043 we met. We knew each other. Your promotion
06inwHyT7l0-01511-00362043-00362316 is like a recent thing. Oh, man, I think
06inwHyT7l0-01512-00362316-00362586 that's kind of what's starting to drive a
06inwHyT7l0-01513-00362586-00362712 wedge. That's really good.
06inwHyT7l0-01514-00362715-00362871 Ben Wallis: Yeah, that's that's super
06inwHyT7l0-01515-00362871-00363177 super good. I love that. Love it. Do we
06inwHyT7l0-01516-00363177-00363306 want to name the space station just for
06inwHyT7l0-01517-00363306-00363402 fun on loafing come up with a good
06inwHyT7l0-01518-00363417-00363576 Amelia Antrim: name. Probably we should
06inwHyT7l0-01519-00363600-00363963 match. I just want to call it ever light
06inwHyT7l0-01520-00363963-00364161 hunting? I don't know. It's I don't know
06inwHyT7l0-01521-00364161-00364521 why, but it's anything. Or words that
06inwHyT7l0-01522-00364521-00364653 together I like. Okay.
06inwHyT7l0-01523-00364656-00364827 Ben Wallis: No, I think that's fabulous.
06inwHyT7l0-01524-00364830-00365121 spacestation and relate hunting.
06inwHyT7l0-01525-00365205-00365286 Ryan Boelter: With you want to throw a
06inwHyT7l0-01526-00365286-00365463 number on the end there? Yeah, get even
06inwHyT7l0-01527-00365463-00365493 more.
06inwHyT7l0-01528-00365571-00365658 Amelia Antrim: Right. Why don't you throw
06inwHyT7l0-01529-00365658-00365910 in number seven. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01530-00365988-00366186 Ben Wallis: ever, ever like hunting seven?
06inwHyT7l0-01531-00366228-00366264 Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-01532-00366312-00366459 Ryan Boelter: We've got the name of the
06inwHyT7l0-01533-00366459-00366672 television series that this takes place
06inwHyT7l0-01534-00366672-00366699 in.
06inwHyT7l0-01535-00366912-00367155 Ben Wallis: Exactly. Okay. So do you want
06inwHyT7l0-01536-00367155-00367287 to do any more details we should have
06inwHyT7l0-01537-00367287-00367413 fleshed out or do you want to do objects?
06inwHyT7l0-01538-00367455-00367590 Amelia Antrim: Oh, I'm okay. Doing
06inwHyT7l0-01539-00367590-00367644 objects.
06inwHyT7l0-01540-00367659-00367758 Ben Wallis: Cool. Let's do it.
06inwHyT7l0-01541-00367800-00368136 Amelia Antrim: All right. I'm gonna say my
06inwHyT7l0-01542-00368136-00368349 first object is my badge from my very
06inwHyT7l0-01543-00368349-00368775 first day. Nice. My first IV from
06inwHyT7l0-01544-00368775-00369024 training, say from training. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-01545-00369048-00369138 Ben Wallis: My first subject is a
06inwHyT7l0-01546-00369138-00369237 communicator.
06inwHyT7l0-01547-00369366-00369657 Amelia Antrim: A package of some kind of
06inwHyT7l0-01548-00369660-00369936 very rare food stuff. That is technically
06inwHyT7l0-01549-00369936-00370152 illegal. But I stole for a fancy date
06inwHyT7l0-01550-00370152-00370230 night one time.
06inwHyT7l0-01551-00370236-00370356 Ben Wallis: That's so funny. So that
06inwHyT7l0-01552-00370356-00370599 because my mind literally went to food to
06inwHyT7l0-01553-00370599-00370752 I was like, Okay, what's the thing I could
06inwHyT7l0-01554-00370752-00370866 do with food? That's
06inwHyT7l0-01555-00370866-00371040 Amelia Antrim: the way to someone's heart.
06inwHyT7l0-01556-00371154-00371340 Ben Wallis: Yeah, so actually, I'm going
06inwHyT7l0-01557-00371340-00371724 to say for my next object, because this is
06inwHyT7l0-01558-00371724-00371841 where my mind went before you said that,
06inwHyT7l0-01559-00371841-00372015 but I'm going to roll with it and say a
06inwHyT7l0-01560-00372015-00372147 replicator because it's kind of the
06inwHyT7l0-01561-00372150-00372369 opposite. A few replicators is the
06inwHyT7l0-01562-00372372-00372711 opposite of what your object okay? I love
06inwHyT7l0-01563-00372711-00372900 it. That can be really interesting to see
06inwHyT7l0-01564-00372900-00372984 how that would play out.
06inwHyT7l0-01565-00373026-00373197 Amelia Antrim: I'm gonna say a note that I
06inwHyT7l0-01566-00373197-00373410 wrote a past you at work one day, that's
06inwHyT7l0-01567-00373410-00373623 like a yes. No. Do you want to go on a
06inwHyT7l0-01568-00373623-00373878 date? Oh, that's so good.
06inwHyT7l0-01569-00373881-00374202 Ben Wallis: Oh, my gosh. I've heard a
06inwHyT7l0-01570-00374202-00374475 plush doll of the spacestation mascot
06inwHyT7l0-01571-00374478-00375000 because decided I don't know what her name
06inwHyT7l0-01572-00375000-00375111 is. But I'm picturing the mascot of this
06inwHyT7l0-01573-00375111-00375315 space station is like a little Huntress
06inwHyT7l0-01574-00375315-00375441 with a bow and arrow. It's like the
06inwHyT7l0-01575-00375441-00375696 opposite of space. It's like very more
06inwHyT7l0-01576-00375696-00375717 like
06inwHyT7l0-01577-00375717-00375840 Amelia Antrim: that. Yeah, like very
06inwHyT7l0-01578-00375840-00376089 Artemis. Yeah, maybe that's her name.
06inwHyT7l0-01579-00376089-00376107 That's
06inwHyT7l0-01580-00376107-00376185 Ben Wallis: her name. Yeah, maybe it's the
06inwHyT7l0-01581-00376185-00376356 Artemis is that space station mask. I
06inwHyT7l0-01582-00376356-00376398 love.
06inwHyT7l0-01583-00376524-00376764 Amelia Antrim: Love it. Okay, I have three
06inwHyT7l0-01584-00376764-00376950 things more. Two more things.
06inwHyT7l0-01585-00377124-00377373 Ben Wallis: I wrote a commander's chair.
06inwHyT7l0-01586-00377430-00377664 Amelia Antrim: Oh, do you move it into our
06inwHyT7l0-01587-00377664-00378252 living room just to prove your point? See
06inwHyT7l0-01588-00378318-00378540 a book of rules and regulations.
06inwHyT7l0-01589-00378582-00378669 Ben Wallis: I love that one. That's a
06inwHyT7l0-01590-00378669-00378915 really good one. All right. My fifth
06inwHyT7l0-01591-00378915-00379257 object is a picture of me with the Admiral
06inwHyT7l0-01592-00379257-00379386 on the day of my promotion.
06inwHyT7l0-01593-00379629-00379824 Amelia Antrim: Fine, my fifth object is
06inwHyT7l0-01594-00379824-00380127 going to be a picture of us on our first
06inwHyT7l0-01595-00380127-00380208 day together.
06inwHyT7l0-01596-00380223-00380382 Ben Wallis: Yeah, that's great. Love it.
06inwHyT7l0-01597-00380430-00380559 Ryan Boelter: When did you start working
06inwHyT7l0-01598-00380559-00380655 at the same time?
06inwHyT7l0-01599-00380679-00380769 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, I think we were in
06inwHyT7l0-01600-00380769-00380904 that same like training class.
06inwHyT7l0-01601-00380946-00381126 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's amazing. Yep.
06inwHyT7l0-01602-00381135-00381228 Amelia Antrim: It's incredible. Just why
06inwHyT7l0-01603-00381228-00381387 it sucks that you got promoted. And I did
06inwHyT7l0-01604-00381387-00381672 that. Not that I'm better about it at all.
06inwHyT7l0-01605-00381936-00382086 Ryan Boelter: You proofing you don't like
06inwHyT7l0-01606-00382086-00382338 to be a leader. It's okay.
06inwHyT7l0-01607-00382382-00382547 Amelia Antrim: I don't want you to be one
06inwHyT7l0-01608-00382547-00382985 either, though. Keep doing that. It makes
06inwHyT7l0-01609-00382985-00383375 things loved what we had. Okay, so now,
06inwHyT7l0-01610-00383397-00383682 Ben Wallis: don't we can write names a
06inwHyT7l0-01611-00383682-00383826 name and a short description
06inwHyT7l0-01612-00383829-00384159 Amelia Antrim: of your character? Um, oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01613-00384159-00384330 gosh, space names are even harder than
06inwHyT7l0-01614-00384330-00384609 real names. And I also don't know any,
06inwHyT7l0-01615-00384633-00384945 like military order of things.
06inwHyT7l0-01616-00385017-00385143 Ben Wallis: Oh, yeah. I'm not great at
06inwHyT7l0-01617-00385143-00385242 that either. So I'm not gonna do a
06inwHyT7l0-01618-00385242-00385524 military. Well, I'm not gonna do a
06inwHyT7l0-01619-00385524-00385923 military rank. I mean, a military. I was
06inwHyT7l0-01620-00385923-00386145 thinking of a military implication to the,
06inwHyT7l0-01621-00386151-00386403 to my work, but Right. But not I'm not
06inwHyT7l0-01622-00386406-00386538 gonna bother with a rank or anything like
06inwHyT7l0-01623-00386538-00386559 that.
06inwHyT7l0-01624-00386607-00386937 Amelia Antrim: So names, names, names,
06inwHyT7l0-01625-00386937-00387159 names, name, space names.
06inwHyT7l0-01626-00387182-00387299 Ben Wallis: Yeah, I picked a very non
06inwHyT7l0-01627-00387299-00387554 space name. very intentionally, just
06inwHyT7l0-01628-00387557-00387872 because we're very normal people in space.
06inwHyT7l0-01629-00387884-00388139 Good point. Good point. So do you want me
06inwHyT7l0-01630-00388139-00388229 to tell you your mind while you're
06inwHyT7l0-01631-00388229-00388373 thinking or do you need to just think
06inwHyT7l0-01632-00388373-00388802 yeah, go ahead. So I created Alex Jordan.
06inwHyT7l0-01633-00388877-00389297 They have short cropped blonde hair. I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01634-00389297-00389513 thinking that they are like, I was kind of
06inwHyT7l0-01635-00389513-00389717 imagining that their ex military turned to
06inwHyT7l0-01636-00389717-00389948 like customs agent like they kind of went
06inwHyT7l0-01637-00389948-00390218 civilian or Maybe they just left like more
06inwHyT7l0-01638-00390218-00390491 frontline military service for like, for
06inwHyT7l0-01639-00390491-00390707 this type of type of posting if this is a
06inwHyT7l0-01640-00390707-00390905 military job, which it doesn't matter to
06inwHyT7l0-01641-00390905-00391154 me which you know, which it is, but they
06inwHyT7l0-01642-00391154-00391328 have short crowds, blonde hair, they're
06inwHyT7l0-01643-00391328-00391766 also short in height. But strong, short,
06inwHyT7l0-01644-00391769-00392177 but strong and very fast. That is my
06inwHyT7l0-01645-00392177-00392264 description I wrote.
06inwHyT7l0-01646-00392345-00392627 Amelia Antrim: Okay, so I named my person,
06inwHyT7l0-01647-00392645-00393032 Cressida Wilson. Love it. Chris Crescenta,
06inwHyT7l0-01648-00393035-00393410 very fascinating. Crispy, uniform. hair
06inwHyT7l0-01649-00393410-00393620 pulled back in a tight bun stands up very
06inwHyT7l0-01650-00393620-00393980 straight. Like picture of like, this is
06inwHyT7l0-01651-00393980-00394298 what your uniform should look like. At all
06inwHyT7l0-01652-00394298-00394409 times. Yes.
06inwHyT7l0-01653-00394452-00394701 Ben Wallis: That's great. Great. Awesome.
06inwHyT7l0-01654-00394701-00394956 Now we can do five traits.
06inwHyT7l0-01655-00394962-00395064 Amelia Antrim: Oh, boy.
06inwHyT7l0-01656-00395256-00395424 Ben Wallis: You gave You almost gave me
06inwHyT7l0-01657-00395424-00395619 why, but I have to use it because I feel
06inwHyT7l0-01658-00395619-00395769 like it would be a waste that I did. And
06inwHyT7l0-01659-00395769-00396159 but by the way, what are your pronouns?
06inwHyT7l0-01660-00396252-00396312 She her.
06inwHyT7l0-01661-00396450-00396561 Amelia Antrim: And what are yours? Say
06inwHyT7l0-01662-00396561-00396609 them?
06inwHyT7l0-01663-00396651-00396819 Ben Wallis: The way I'm writing something
06inwHyT7l0-01664-00396819-00397086 like how do I want to phrase it? The way
06inwHyT7l0-01665-00397086-00397485 she makes a military uniform seeing
06inwHyT7l0-01666-00397842-00398079 Amelia Antrim: his dedication to his job?
06inwHyT7l0-01667-00398112-00398628 Sorry, their, their air.
06inwHyT7l0-01668-00398697-00399189 Ben Wallis: Okay. She's not afraid to
06inwHyT7l0-01669-00399189-00399369 break a rule every now and then.
06inwHyT7l0-01670-00399399-00399588 Amelia Antrim: Oh, but actually, I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01671-00399588-00400089 terrified. Let's see here. I'm trying to
06inwHyT7l0-01672-00400089-00400329 look at what we put for objects to
06inwHyT7l0-01673-00400368-00400791 willingness to try new things. How much
06inwHyT7l0-01674-00400791-00400908 Ben Wallis: we laugh together
06inwHyT7l0-01675-00401442-00401724 Amelia Antrim: I'm gonna put love of
06inwHyT7l0-01676-00401763-00401898 interesting foods.
06inwHyT7l0-01677-00401903-00402203 Ben Wallis: Yeah, that's good. I wrote her
06inwHyT7l0-01678-00402203-00402512 devotion to family. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01679-00402540-00402822 Amelia Antrim: yikes. I'm gonna can I put
06inwHyT7l0-01680-00402822-00403014 the same thing? Yeah. Also put their
06inwHyT7l0-01681-00403014-00403056 devotion
06inwHyT7l0-01682-00403059-00403185 Ben Wallis: you can. And the other thing
06inwHyT7l0-01683-00403185-00403317 that can happen sometimes in this game is
06inwHyT7l0-01684-00403317-00403563 people become very naturally disillusioned
06inwHyT7l0-01685-00403563-00403782 with the same traits and that like are
06inwHyT7l0-01686-00403782-00403926 with the seat of the same trade. This has
06inwHyT7l0-01687-00403926-00404052 happened before. We're like two people
06inwHyT7l0-01688-00404052-00404244 like without even knowing. It's like, oh,
06inwHyT7l0-01689-00404244-00404424 that we've basically wrote the same thing.
06inwHyT7l0-01690-00404442-00404589 So you can become disillusioned at the
06inwHyT7l0-01691-00404589-00404742 same time and end up burning them
06inwHyT7l0-01692-00404742-00404871 together. Then you just play one less
06inwHyT7l0-01693-00404871-00404907 team.
06inwHyT7l0-01694-00404957-00405086 Amelia Antrim: And I liked the idea too,
06inwHyT7l0-01695-00405086-00405236 of becoming disillusioned with them at
06inwHyT7l0-01696-00405236-00405356 different times. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-01697-00405360-00405519 Ben Wallis: it's very, very possible.
06inwHyT7l0-01698-00405519-00405693 Yeah, exactly. Like yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-01699-00405740-00405833 Amelia Antrim: like, Oh, you got this new
06inwHyT7l0-01700-00405833-00405983 promotion and you don't actually like
06inwHyT7l0-01701-00405983-00405995 you're
06inwHyT7l0-01702-00406053-00406170 Ben Wallis: exactly, you're kind of very
06inwHyT7l0-01703-00406170-00406371 different. Meaning like four, depending on
06inwHyT7l0-01704-00406371-00406548 each character could look one way for one
06inwHyT7l0-01705-00406548-00406707 and one way for the other. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-01706-00406707-00407157 definitely. So my last one I wrote is she
06inwHyT7l0-01707-00407157-00407505 is willing to stand up to authority. And I
06inwHyT7l0-01708-00407505-00407691 would definitely stack that last.
06inwHyT7l0-01709-00407814-00408120 Amelia Antrim: I am going to put third
06inwHyT7l0-01710-00408120-00408558 joyful laugh. That's nice. And I think I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01711-00408558-00409041 going to put dedication new work. Last.
06inwHyT7l0-01712-00409080-00409383 Okay. Cool. Well, there we go. Great. You
06inwHyT7l0-01713-00409383-00409638 did it. Love it. This is why you don't
06inwHyT7l0-01714-00409638-00409734 date people at work.
06inwHyT7l0-01715-00410250-00410409 Yeah, I will say that I think that that
06inwHyT7l0-01716-00410409-00410597 like that got easier the more time like
06inwHyT7l0-01717-00410601-00410760 you know, I did it and then watched you
06inwHyT7l0-01718-00410760-00410982 guys do it. And then now do it myself too.
06inwHyT7l0-01719-00410982-00411225 I think it got easier every time to it's
06inwHyT7l0-01720-00411225-00411485 always a good, a good measure of like,
06inwHyT7l0-01721-00411489-00411816 does this thing make sense? It makes
06inwHyT7l0-01722-00411816-00412074 sense. If I can pick up on it after a time
06inwHyT7l0-01723-00412074-00412143 or two. Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-01724-00412167-00412389 Ben Wallis: I have definitely gotten
06inwHyT7l0-01725-00412395-00412659 pretty quick with making with doing this
06inwHyT7l0-01726-00412659-00412847 process. Having played a lot of the game a
06inwHyT7l0-01727-00412847-00413151 lot of times you know, you kind of learn
06inwHyT7l0-01728-00413205-00413442 the kinds of things that were for you for
06inwHyT7l0-01729-00413442-00413613 it anyway. Cuz that's the thing is like, I
06inwHyT7l0-01730-00413613-00413754 don't know what works for other people
06inwHyT7l0-01731-00413754-00413916 that much because I you know, unless I've
06inwHyT7l0-01732-00413916-00413979 played with them,
06inwHyT7l0-01733-00414006-00414105 Amelia Antrim: you've never been in other
06inwHyT7l0-01734-00414105-00414366 people. What? I said you've never
06inwHyT7l0-01735-00414366-00414468 Ben Wallis: been I've never been other
06inwHyT7l0-01736-00414468-00414735 people. Weird. Yes. Weird.
06inwHyT7l0-01737-00415059-00415206 Ryan Boelter: Amazing. Yeah, this was
06inwHyT7l0-01738-00415206-00415383 fantastic. I think that's the part I
06inwHyT7l0-01739-00415383-00415718 struggled with when we're trying to create
06inwHyT7l0-01740-00415722-00415926 objects and picking from literally
06inwHyT7l0-01741-00415926-00416382 anything I can imagine just works a lot
06inwHyT7l0-01742-00416382-00416697 better from are a lot like, oh, this
06inwHyT7l0-01743-00416697-00416856 object looks interesting. Doing the thrift
06inwHyT7l0-01744-00416856-00417035 store and then creating the story from
06inwHyT7l0-01745-00417035-00417333 that sounds fascinating. Yes. But like
06inwHyT7l0-01746-00417333-00417576 this, this this is great, too. But like it
06inwHyT7l0-01747-00417576-00417753 took a little bit more thought energy.
06inwHyT7l0-01748-00417753-00417804 Sure.
06inwHyT7l0-01749-00417806-00417914 Amelia Antrim: Oh, harder time with the
06inwHyT7l0-01750-00417914-00418277 trades on Did you? Just because I think
06inwHyT7l0-01751-00418280-00418556 because I knew what was gonna happen with
06inwHyT7l0-01752-00418556-00418721 them later. Yeah, I was like, I want them
06inwHyT7l0-01753-00418721-00418886 to be evocative enough that they can
06inwHyT7l0-01754-00418886-00419078 really kind of make something of those
06inwHyT7l0-01755-00419078-00419264 scenes but not enough that I'm like, I've
06inwHyT7l0-01756-00419264-00419477 written the scene for you, you know, but
06inwHyT7l0-01757-00419477-00419870 also like it does still feel. This is
06inwHyT7l0-01758-00419870-00419996 something that came up in our storkcraft
06inwHyT7l0-01759-00419999-00420344 series way back in series three. There's
06inwHyT7l0-01760-00420344-00420527 something about it that is like slightly
06inwHyT7l0-01761-00420527-00420779 uncomfortable to me to like, define
06inwHyT7l0-01762-00420779-00420962 something about somebody else's character.
06inwHyT7l0-01763-00420965-00421289 Yes, yeah. That there is a level of agency
06inwHyT7l0-01764-00421289-00421478 there that I'm like, even if I know you're
06inwHyT7l0-01765-00421478-00421634 totally cool with it, and I know that it's
06inwHyT7l0-01766-00421634-00421814 gonna, like, be it. I'm like, oh, but I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01767-00421814-00422090 writing things about you. And you're
06inwHyT7l0-01768-00422090-00422339 hearing you're gonna see them. Yep. And I
06inwHyT7l0-01769-00422339-00422639 made choices for you. Yeah. That I'm still
06inwHyT7l0-01770-00422639-00422774 like a little bit like as a player,
06inwHyT7l0-01771-00422774-00422909 there's, there's still a part in the back
06inwHyT7l0-01772-00422909-00423059 of my brain. That's like, that's a no,
06inwHyT7l0-01773-00423065-00423326 don't do. You know, I have to, like, turn
06inwHyT7l0-01774-00423326-00423551 that off for a while. Yeah. It's okay.
06inwHyT7l0-01775-00423752-00424022 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, but the fact that both
06inwHyT7l0-01776-00424022-00424286 the traits and the objects get broken,
06inwHyT7l0-01777-00424295-00424607 yeah, throughout gameplay is phenomenal.
06inwHyT7l0-01778-00424607-00424853 And like dagger to the heart for everyone
06inwHyT7l0-01779-00424853-00424982 you throw out there. I had.
06inwHyT7l0-01780-00425046-00425172 Amelia Antrim: I was like, it is brutal.
06inwHyT7l0-01781-00425175-00425322 My notes say it is brutal.
06inwHyT7l0-01782-00425355-00425574 Ben Wallis: I had somebody listen, like I
06inwHyT7l0-01783-00425574-00425742 forget what they think it was. It might
06inwHyT7l0-01784-00425742-00425907 have watched the alchemist versus stream,
06inwHyT7l0-01785-00425907-00426057 I forget what stream but they watched or
06inwHyT7l0-01786-00426057-00426291 listened to us play broken, and just
06inwHyT7l0-01787-00426293-00426453 commented on it in a discord channel and
06inwHyT7l0-01788-00426453-00426647 basically said that, like, they knew when
06inwHyT7l0-01789-00426647-00426860 they heard the process of creating the
06inwHyT7l0-01790-00426860-00427062 traits for the other person, that they
06inwHyT7l0-01791-00427062-00427374 probably could never play this game. It's
06inwHyT7l0-01792-00427374-00427530 just like, that was the moment they were
06inwHyT7l0-01793-00427530-00427545 like,
06inwHyT7l0-01794-00427568-00427704 Amelia Antrim: it's interesting. It's I
06inwHyT7l0-01795-00427704-00427941 have to like I look at Ryan, and I'm like
06inwHyT7l0-01796-00427941-00428103 Ryan, and I know each other well enough.
06inwHyT7l0-01797-00428103-00428367 Yeah. And have, you know, been doing
06inwHyT7l0-01798-00428367-00428592 character creation and kind of talking
06inwHyT7l0-01799-00428592-00428763 about what we want out of games. For four
06inwHyT7l0-01800-00428763-00428955 years, we've done nothing, but we've
06inwHyT7l0-01801-00428955-00429180 never, we had played one game together.
06inwHyT7l0-01802-00429276-00429420 But in four years, we've done nothing,
06inwHyT7l0-01803-00429420-00429633 basically. But talk about what we want out
06inwHyT7l0-01804-00429633-00429828 of games. And Ryan is the kind of person I
06inwHyT7l0-01805-00429828-00430116 could play this way. Yeah. I struggle to
06inwHyT7l0-01806-00430116-00430368 think of almost anybody else, that I could
06inwHyT7l0-01807-00430368-00430524 sit down and be like, Okay, let's see what
06inwHyT7l0-01808-00430524-00430827 happens. Yeah. After reading this, because
06inwHyT7l0-01809-00430827-00431205 it was like, it's so gut wrenching. And,
06inwHyT7l0-01810-00431208-00431406 and knowing what you wanted out of it. And
06inwHyT7l0-01811-00431409-00431535 you know, like, when you sent it to me,
06inwHyT7l0-01812-00431535-00431652 you were like, Hey, can you look it over
06inwHyT7l0-01813-00431652-00431787 as somebody who's also been through
06inwHyT7l0-01814-00431787-00431939 divorce and all of that kind of stuff. So
06inwHyT7l0-01815-00431939-00432078 like, looking at it through that lens and
06inwHyT7l0-01816-00432078-00432443 being like, my heart, and yeah, you know,
06inwHyT7l0-01817-00432447-00432627 that like, this definitely isn't for
06inwHyT7l0-01818-00432627-00432860 everybody. Okay, for sure. It's okay. If
06inwHyT7l0-01819-00432860-00432984 you listen to this, and you're like, that
06inwHyT7l0-01820-00432984-00433251 is too much. Yeah, just know that. I also
06inwHyT7l0-01821-00433251-00433557 think maybe, possibly for me too much. But
06inwHyT7l0-01822-00433584-00433643 I want it so
06inwHyT7l0-01823-00433797-00433950 Ben Wallis: we take safety very seriously
06inwHyT7l0-01824-00433950-00434168 with the game too. So actually, one thing
06inwHyT7l0-01825-00434168-00434337 I can talk about on here that I haven't
06inwHyT7l0-01826-00434337-00434496 talked about publicly too much. Yeah, just
06inwHyT7l0-01827-00434496-00434730 because it was still kind of pending. But
06inwHyT7l0-01828-00434733-00434946 we do have a safety designer for the game.
06inwHyT7l0-01829-00434967-00435141 And that's someone people will probably
06inwHyT7l0-01830-00435141-00435381 know, which is Bo Yeager Sheldon, who
06inwHyT7l0-01831-00435381-00435789 created the script change is our is our
06inwHyT7l0-01832-00435792-00436010 safety designer for this game and
06inwHyT7l0-01833-00436010-00436268 consultant. So it's awesome. Yeah. So Bo
06inwHyT7l0-01834-00436268-00436557 is going to basically be the final version
06inwHyT7l0-01835-00436557-00436692 of this game that we've you know, that we
06inwHyT7l0-01836-00436692-00436980 find we'll be, we'll have some more safety
06inwHyT7l0-01837-00437007-00437280 designed into the rules. And one of the
06inwHyT7l0-01838-00437280-00437442 things about when I talked about was that
06inwHyT7l0-01839-00437451-00437730 that moat, like Bo even pointed out that
06inwHyT7l0-01840-00437730-00438006 there is just the potential like this,
06inwHyT7l0-01841-00438009-00438222 when you make trades for somebody else,
06inwHyT7l0-01842-00438258-00438426 just like making sure that you have
06inwHyT7l0-01843-00438426-00438672 consent and that processes is important.
06inwHyT7l0-01844-00438672-00438909 So yeah, we take we take safety for this
06inwHyT7l0-01845-00438909-00439143 game very, very seriously. Because, like
06inwHyT7l0-01846-00439146-00439397 lead is going to happen in this game, it's
06inwHyT7l0-01847-00439397-00439458 gonna be like,
06inwHyT7l0-01848-00439479-00439560 Amelia Antrim: this is a game that's
06inwHyT7l0-01849-00439560-00439788 designed to do that, like it's not even
06inwHyT7l0-01850-00439788-00439956 just a byproduct of the game. This is a
06inwHyT7l0-01851-00439956-00440133 game that is designed to encourage that
06inwHyT7l0-01852-00440133-00440403 kind of Exactly. Yeah. And so yeah, I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01853-00440403-00440658 glad that I'm glad that you have somebody
06inwHyT7l0-01854-00440658-00440883 on just to help with that part of it. I
06inwHyT7l0-01855-00440883-00441047 know that like you definitely from the
06inwHyT7l0-01856-00441047-00441210 beginning, have had safety mechanics
06inwHyT7l0-01857-00441210-00441368 written in there and listed in there and
06inwHyT7l0-01858-00441368-00441668 and they're very clear, like, here's what
06inwHyT7l0-01859-00441668-00441947 you should and should not do. But I'm glad
06inwHyT7l0-01860-00441947-00442122 to hear that you've got somebody coming on
06inwHyT7l0-01861-00442122-00442527 to help just kind of oversee you see it
06inwHyT7l0-01862-00442527-00442713 and all of the places where it could come.
06inwHyT7l0-01863-00442752-00442995 Because I think that it can show up in
06inwHyT7l0-01864-00442995-00443151 places that you don't expect it sometimes
06inwHyT7l0-01865-00443151-00443397 to exactly. Especially as a designer, when
06inwHyT7l0-01866-00443397-00443559 you've looked at a game for hundreds and
06inwHyT7l0-01867-00443559-00443757 hundreds of hours, you start to like, your
06inwHyT7l0-01868-00443757-00443960 eyes kind of glaze over parts of it and
06inwHyT7l0-01869-00444014-00444153 100% have fresh eyes. And
06inwHyT7l0-01870-00444153-00444432 Ben Wallis: I knew I needed to. I knew
06inwHyT7l0-01871-00444432-00444588 from the very beginning, I wanted to have
06inwHyT7l0-01872-00444591-00444897 a safety designer, that was not me big for
06inwHyT7l0-01873-00444897-00445125 that very reason so that I don't miss
06inwHyT7l0-01874-00445125-00445254 something. And
06inwHyT7l0-01875-00445278-00445374 Amelia Antrim: it sounds like this project
06inwHyT7l0-01876-00445374-00445530 in general is really close to your heart
06inwHyT7l0-01877-00445530-00445725 too. So like I think that that adds
06inwHyT7l0-01878-00445725-00445938 another level of complexity and making
06inwHyT7l0-01879-00445938-00446226 sure that it works for everybody else,
06inwHyT7l0-01880-00446226-00446364 too. Yeah, exactly.
06inwHyT7l0-01881-00446418-00446493 Ryan Boelter: Absolutely.
06inwHyT7l0-01882-00446538-00446703 Amelia Antrim: Ryan, where are we on here?
06inwHyT7l0-01883-00446709-00446832 Ryan Boelter: We're on the very last
06inwHyT7l0-01884-00446835-00447089 question if there's anything okay, well,
06inwHyT7l0-01885-00447089-00447285 Amelia Antrim: did we want to do we want
06inwHyT7l0-01886-00447285-00447459 to ask him any more about like a session
06inwHyT7l0-01887-00447459-00447639 zero or you know, because we did our
06inwHyT7l0-01888-00447639-00447816 character creation stuff. Is there any
06inwHyT7l0-01889-00447816-00448134 other stuff that you think on that safety
06inwHyT7l0-01890-00448134-00448308 note that you think people should kind of
06inwHyT7l0-01891-00448310-00448572 think about or go through for a session
06inwHyT7l0-01892-00448572-00448610 zero?
06inwHyT7l0-01893-00448614-00448776 Ben Wallis: Definitely. Yeah, definitely.
06inwHyT7l0-01894-00448776-00448950 So I would say people should talk about
06inwHyT7l0-01895-00448971-00449196 like rating, which is something from
06inwHyT7l0-01896-00449196-00449337 script, you know, the script change talks
06inwHyT7l0-01897-00449337-00449564 about which is, you know, deciding right
06inwHyT7l0-01898-00449564-00449718 from the beginning. Are we talking about a
06inwHyT7l0-01899-00449718-00450003 PG game here? Are we talking about fun I
06inwHyT7l0-01900-00450003-00450225 was playing with my spouse over the
06inwHyT7l0-01901-00450225-00450438 weekend, I said, are we going to play this
06inwHyT7l0-01902-00450438-00450699 PG, PG 13? Are we going to be playing X,
06inwHyT7l0-01903-00450729-00450924 double x, triple X, quadruple X. And of
06inwHyT7l0-01904-00450924-00451083 course, because because it's my spouse,
06inwHyT7l0-01905-00451085-00451392 she's like, every 2x x I add, she's just
06inwHyT7l0-01906-00451392-00451568 like making this face that gets more
06inwHyT7l0-01907-00451568-00451758 extreme. Every time I say the anxious
06inwHyT7l0-01908-00451782-00451935 because people don't know like my spouse
06inwHyT7l0-01909-00451935-00452172 and I have played that our coastal part of
06inwHyT7l0-01910-00452172-00452313 love, which is a romance. I didn't even
06inwHyT7l0-01911-00452313-00452418 say this at the beginning of the show. But
06inwHyT7l0-01912-00452435-00452625 I you know, we've been making pot of love
06inwHyT7l0-01913-00452625-00452820 for five years, which is a romance and
06inwHyT7l0-01914-00452820-00453033 relationship, actual play podcast, and
06inwHyT7l0-01915-00453033-00453282 someone who played a ton of like romance
06inwHyT7l0-01916-00453282-00453335 games to get like
06inwHyT7l0-01917-00453335-00453462 Amelia Antrim: lots of romance kinds of
06inwHyT7l0-01918-00453462-00453651 kids who are on our episode to talk about
06inwHyT7l0-01919-00453663-00454035 playing romance. And so you are not shy
06inwHyT7l0-01920-00454035-00454284 about like, what it's like to play out
06inwHyT7l0-01921-00454284-00454314 those kinds.
06inwHyT7l0-01922-00454314-00454431 Ben Wallis: Well, exactly. But the funny
06inwHyT7l0-01923-00454431-00454692 thing about that is that Mel, very much is
06inwHyT7l0-01924-00454692-00455055 a like, off off screen person when it
06inwHyT7l0-01925-00455055-00455328 comes to like, you know, like very much
06inwHyT7l0-01926-00455328-00455556 like, when we play these games man was
06inwHyT7l0-01927-00455556-00455946 very much like, a, you know, it's fine to
06inwHyT7l0-01928-00455946-00456110 insinuate, but you know, we're not going
06inwHyT7l0-01929-00456110-00456539 to play out. Exactly. So that's why when I
06inwHyT7l0-01930-00456539-00456735 said x double x, triple X, I was like
06inwHyT7l0-01931-00456735-00457188 teasing my. But yeah, it was a people
06inwHyT7l0-01932-00457188-00457341 should talk about reading, talking about
06inwHyT7l0-01933-00457341-00457542 like, the content of the scenes, sort of
06inwHyT7l0-01934-00457542-00457707 the general feel. And range is also
06inwHyT7l0-01935-00457707-00457956 important for, like jobs, like tone and
06inwHyT7l0-01936-00457956-00458121 genre, because like, when we played
06inwHyT7l0-01937-00458121-00458322 Alchemist versus like, it was going to be
06inwHyT7l0-01938-00458322-00458466 an enemy. So you know, like we were
06inwHyT7l0-01939-00458466-00458810 talking about, like PG at? Well, I guess
06inwHyT7l0-01940-00458810-00458991 you're not necessarily but we played it as
06inwHyT7l0-01941-00458991-00459285 like a PG style, like hype. These were
06inwHyT7l0-01942-00459285-00459402 high school characters, right? Because
06inwHyT7l0-01943-00459402-00459627 it's Alchemist. And like, there was one
06inwHyT7l0-01944-00459627-00459947 kiss. And that was like the extent a PDA
06inwHyT7l0-01945-00459947-00460230 in that game and like, but it was, it
06inwHyT7l0-01946-00460230-00460439 meant so much, because it was one kiss
06inwHyT7l0-01947-00460455-00460638 some of those most powerful stuff. So I
06inwHyT7l0-01948-00460638-00460785 would say discussing that kind of thing at
06inwHyT7l0-01949-00460785-00460983 the session zero, like what your
06inwHyT7l0-01950-00460983-00461168 expectations are for that, depending on
06inwHyT7l0-01951-00461168-00461364 like what kind of CD tools people want to
06inwHyT7l0-01952-00461364-00461601 use, if they wanted to implement things
06inwHyT7l0-01953-00461601-00461754 like lines of veils for themselves or
06inwHyT7l0-01954-00461754-00461937 included an x card, you know, so you would
06inwHyT7l0-01955-00461937-00462249 talk about that there. But yeah, I think
06inwHyT7l0-01956-00462249-00462456 that's basically all you would need to go
06inwHyT7l0-01957-00462456-00462647 ahead and, you know, get started playing,
06inwHyT7l0-01958-00462647-00462900 you should also talk about physical safety
06inwHyT7l0-01959-00462900-00463085 a little bit too, if you're going to break
06inwHyT7l0-01960-00463085-00463341 the physical objects, because, because
06inwHyT7l0-01961-00463376-00463502 Amelia Antrim: that like safety glasses,
06inwHyT7l0-01962-00463502-00463601 and you know,
06inwHyT7l0-01963-00463734-00463851 Ben Wallis: so like, where are you going
06inwHyT7l0-01964-00463851-00463953 to break them? What are you going to do
06inwHyT7l0-01965-00463953-00464093 with things once they're broken? That's a
06inwHyT7l0-01966-00464093-00464328 real question that you should talk about.
06inwHyT7l0-01967-00464379-00464628 Yeah. Do you? Maybe like, I don't know if
06inwHyT7l0-01968-00464628-00464751 this one goes without saying or not. But I
06inwHyT7l0-01969-00464751-00464972 mentioned in the rulebook, like breaking
06inwHyT7l0-01970-00464976-00465447 objects that are yours to maybe can't hurt
06inwHyT7l0-01971-00465447-00465546 to talk about that too.
06inwHyT7l0-01972-00465593-00465689 Amelia Antrim: Burning things over here.
06inwHyT7l0-01973-00465876-00466022 Ryan Boelter: I got my burn proof full I'm
06inwHyT7l0-01974-00466022-00466131 gonna use it. Darn it.
06inwHyT7l0-01975-00466404-00466547 Ben Wallis: Good. So yeah, I would think
06inwHyT7l0-01976-00466547-00466643 those are the things you should talk
06inwHyT7l0-01977-00466643-00466776 about. I can't think of anything else that
06inwHyT7l0-01978-00466776-00467037 I would say you would want to cover in a
06inwHyT7l0-01979-00467037-00467124 session zero fire
06inwHyT7l0-01980-00467123-00467234 Ryan Boelter: alarm start going on.
06inwHyT7l0-01981-00467502-00467597 Amelia Antrim: Put something over this,
06inwHyT7l0-01982-00467604-00467718 like, it's
06inwHyT7l0-01983-00467967-00468126 Ryan Boelter: it's very cool. Is there
06inwHyT7l0-01984-00468126-00468330 anything then from the crowdfunding
06inwHyT7l0-01985-00468330-00468468 campaign that you'd like to highlight?
06inwHyT7l0-01986-00468468-00468485 Yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-01987-00468485-00468600 Ben Wallis: probably should write, that
06inwHyT7l0-01988-00468600-00468816 would make sense. If I were to do that. So
06inwHyT7l0-01989-00468818-00469035 we are crowdfunding this in mid July, the
06inwHyT7l0-01990-00469038-00469254 goal is for the crowdfunding to kick off,
06inwHyT7l0-01991-00469296-00469614 we are each funding the game to crowd fund
06inwHyT7l0-01992-00469614-00469932 this game. So we're using each.io to fund
06inwHyT7l0-01993-00469932-00470175 the game. And that's going to kick off on
06inwHyT7l0-01994-00470292-00470682 God willing. That's gonna kick off on July
06inwHyT7l0-01995-00470682-00471035 19. And so there's some really easy links
06inwHyT7l0-01996-00471035-00471270 to that if someone is coming to the game
06inwHyT7l0-01997-00471270-00471585 before it goes live in July, you can just
06inwHyT7l0-01998-00471585-00471822 go to a pong games that it's the IO slash
06inwHyT7l0-01999-00471822-00472104 broken. And that is the page for the game.
06inwHyT7l0-02000-00472110-00472397 And so yeah, that's where people can go
06inwHyT7l0-02001-00472397-00472830 and they can back the game. And if you vac
06inwHyT7l0-02002-00472830-00473121 the game for $15, you can get a full
06inwHyT7l0-02003-00473121-00473316 digital copy of the game you can get the
06inwHyT7l0-02004-00473337-00473532 ashcan version immediately, which is the
06inwHyT7l0-02005-00473532-00473805 full playable game with color and art. And
06inwHyT7l0-02006-00473820-00473937 it's a really beautiful version of the
06inwHyT7l0-02007-00473937-00474096 game that people can just download. Like
06inwHyT7l0-02008-00474099-00474279 you'll just get it immediately if you
06inwHyT7l0-02009-00474288-00474410 backed the game and then you'll get the
06inwHyT7l0-02010-00474410-00474672 final edition of the final ebook once it's
06inwHyT7l0-02011-00474672-00474927 done for that $15 level. And then there
06inwHyT7l0-02012-00474927-00475083 are some extra stuff that people can do if
06inwHyT7l0-02013-00475083-00475428 they want like there is a play with the
06inwHyT7l0-02014-00475428-00475572 author level if people are interested in
06inwHyT7l0-02015-00475572-00475868 that kind of thing. But yeah, so that's
06inwHyT7l0-02016-00475868-00476106 that's the campaign I don't know if I'm
06inwHyT7l0-02017-00476106-00476274 new to selling the campaign so I don't
06inwHyT7l0-02018-00476274-00476400 know if I'm forgetting anything I should
06inwHyT7l0-02019-00476400-00476655 be saying to you all but but yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-02020-00476658-00476835 Amelia Antrim: but we can we'll retweet
06inwHyT7l0-02021-00476835-00477078 stuff too as it goes on. Because I'm so
06inwHyT7l0-02022-00477078-00477270 excited about this game have been excited
06inwHyT7l0-02023-00477270-00477552 about it for months. Even though it took
06inwHyT7l0-02024-00477552-00477795 me like two months to get back to you
06inwHyT7l0-02025-00477795-00478053 about it. Haha stupid life.
06inwHyT7l0-02026-00478052-00478169 Ben Wallis: Yeah, right. Like
06inwHyT7l0-02027-00478298-00478427 Amelia Antrim: it's I mean, it's just such
06inwHyT7l0-02028-00478427-00478661 a good game. And I think I really like
06inwHyT7l0-02029-00478661-00478829 knowing what you were setting out to do
06inwHyT7l0-02030-00478832-00479030 with it. Like you just hit the nail on the
06inwHyT7l0-02031-00479030-00479315 head like you hit every mark of like what
06inwHyT7l0-02032-00479315-00479510 I would want in a game like this. And I'm
06inwHyT7l0-02033-00479510-00479717 just I'm so thrilled for it to be out in
06inwHyT7l0-02034-00479717-00479885 the world and for people to see it.
06inwHyT7l0-02035-00479907-00480014 Ben Wallis: Thank you so much for saying
06inwHyT7l0-02036-00480014-00480156 that it really means a lot to hear it.
06inwHyT7l0-02037-00480156-00480333 It's a it's really deeply appreciated more
06inwHyT7l0-02038-00480333-00480639 than I can tell you. And I am also very
06inwHyT7l0-02039-00480639-00480872 excited for it to be out of almost
06inwHyT7l0-02040-00480872-00481029 desperate at this point for it to be out
06inwHyT7l0-02041-00481029-00481176 in the world for other people to play and
06inwHyT7l0-02042-00481176-00481322 to experience and to read. So
06inwHyT7l0-02043-00481385-00481482 Amelia Antrim: I don't know if we ask this
06inwHyT7l0-02044-00481482-00481602 at the beginning, usually we ask, but how
06inwHyT7l0-02045-00481602-00481824 long were you working on this one before
06inwHyT7l0-02046-00481827-00481926 you like?
06inwHyT7l0-02047-00481935-00482187 Ben Wallis: Yeah, thanks for asking I
06inwHyT7l0-02048-00482283-00482532 broken was been in my brain since around
06inwHyT7l0-02049-00482532-00482757 the time when we started pot of love five
06inwHyT7l0-02050-00482757-00483039 years ago and 2017 There was a a version
06inwHyT7l0-02051-00483039-00483264 of it in my mind, like I knew, or at least
06inwHyT7l0-02052-00483264-00483624 that I wanted to do it. I knew I that
06inwHyT7l0-02053-00483624-00483789 story would be too long to tell right now.
06inwHyT7l0-02054-00483789-00484041 But like, as part of my processing for
06inwHyT7l0-02055-00484041-00484338 divorce, as part of telling my divorce
06inwHyT7l0-02056-00484338-00484584 story, I realized that the only way that I
06inwHyT7l0-02057-00484584-00484758 felt like for me personally, I could do
06inwHyT7l0-02058-00484758-00485034 that well, was to create this game. Like I
06inwHyT7l0-02059-00485034-00485241 don't know why. But that was like the way
06inwHyT7l0-02060-00485241-00485517 I felt like I needed to process it. So I
06inwHyT7l0-02061-00485541-00485805 knew I wanted to do that. The inspiration
06inwHyT7l0-02062-00485805-00486027 for it for exactly how it was going to
06inwHyT7l0-02063-00486027-00486393 take shape. Really, really came around the
06inwHyT7l0-02064-00486393-00486543 time we were making part of a very
06inwHyT7l0-02065-00486543-00486795 regularly and Starcross had come out not
06inwHyT7l0-02066-00486795-00487182 too long beforehand. And I was inspired by
06inwHyT7l0-02067-00487182-00487353 all the games we were playing on that show
06inwHyT7l0-02068-00487353-00487662 was inspired by Star cross. And I just I
06inwHyT7l0-02069-00487662-00487860 just had this desire to make a tragic
06inwHyT7l0-02070-00487905-00488039 game. I was like, Well, what if I made a
06inwHyT7l0-02071-00488039-00488268 romance game, but I took a tragic take on
06inwHyT7l0-02072-00488268-00488310 it. So
06inwHyT7l0-02073-00488325-00488435 Amelia Antrim: but like the other side of
06inwHyT7l0-02074-00488435-00488543 it. Yeah.
06inwHyT7l0-02075-00488547-00488667 Ben Wallis: So there was an early there's
06inwHyT7l0-02076-00488667-00488826 actually an early version of the game that
06inwHyT7l0-02077-00488826-00488993 doesn't have these rules is a very
06inwHyT7l0-02078-00488997-00489234 different game that we actually recorded
06inwHyT7l0-02079-00489234-00489474 to tell a story on pot of back in the day.
06inwHyT7l0-02080-00489474-00489813 So that's a couple years old now. And so
06inwHyT7l0-02081-00489813-00490026 yeah, the game has been in different forms
06inwHyT7l0-02082-00490026-00490320 for a while. And, and I needed to set it
06inwHyT7l0-02083-00490320-00490610 aside for a little bit in order to like,
06inwHyT7l0-02084-00490653-00490932 process it because I was like that I was
06inwHyT7l0-02085-00490932-00491178 missing something dramatic that I needed
06inwHyT7l0-02086-00491196-00491379 from the game. And actually the thing that
06inwHyT7l0-02087-00491379-00491553 I was missing that I finally came back to
06inwHyT7l0-02088-00491553-00491802 was breaking objects, which is now yeah,
06inwHyT7l0-02089-00491805-00491916 we're in Heart of the
06inwHyT7l0-02090-00491916-00492099 Amelia Antrim: core center of the game.
06inwHyT7l0-02091-00492099-00492288 Yeah. And the part that really like caught
06inwHyT7l0-02092-00492288-00492810 me, like I said, is so cathartic. So I
06inwHyT7l0-02093-00492810-00493062 think what makes almost I don't want to
06inwHyT7l0-02094-00493062-00493239 say what makes it play up. Because like
06inwHyT7l0-02095-00493239-00493509 it's it's a wonderfully playable game. But
06inwHyT7l0-02096-00493509-00493989 I think what it tones down some of the
06inwHyT7l0-02097-00493989-00494208 sharp pain of it almost because you have
06inwHyT7l0-02098-00494208-00494379 the catharsis of breaking things in
06inwHyT7l0-02099-00494379-00494607 between. That feels healing.
06inwHyT7l0-02100-00494610-00494799 Ben Wallis: Yeah. Is it like I my design
06inwHyT7l0-02101-00494799-00494937 objective from the very beginning was that
06inwHyT7l0-02102-00494937-00495164 I wanted to design something where the
06inwHyT7l0-02103-00495174-00495555 mechanics of the game mirrored the like
06inwHyT7l0-02104-00495560-00495771 topic and the theme and the content of the
06inwHyT7l0-02105-00495771-00495960 game. And that's the kind of hard thing to
06inwHyT7l0-02106-00495960-00496064 set out to do is
06inwHyT7l0-02107-00496064-00496191 Amelia Antrim: to do. Yeah, like what?
06inwHyT7l0-02108-00496212-00496437 What content is dice rolling? Really?
06inwHyT7l0-02109-00496437-00496629 Yeah. It's like a whole new thing.
06inwHyT7l0-02110-00496629-00496760 Ben Wallis: The funny thing is that I knew
06inwHyT7l0-02111-00496760-00496920 the game was called Broken before I came
06inwHyT7l0-02112-00496920-00497037 up with the breaking object. So it was
06inwHyT7l0-02113-00497037-00497199 almost like it was staring me in the face.
06inwHyT7l0-02114-00497199-00497766 And so Oh, come on. And so I realized, oh,
06inwHyT7l0-02115-00497766-00498042 my gosh, it solved a bunch of design
06inwHyT7l0-02116-00498042-00498282 problems I had, all at the same time, when
06inwHyT7l0-02117-00498282-00498485 I realized that was the game. It was like,
06inwHyT7l0-02118-00498495-00498699 you know, sometimes writers are like, Man,
06inwHyT7l0-02119-00498699-00498825 I hope this doesn't sound pretentious or
06inwHyT7l0-02120-00498825-00498933 something. But you know, sometimes writers
06inwHyT7l0-02121-00498933-00499089 are like, I don't know, it feels like the
06inwHyT7l0-02122-00499089-00499239 story comes from outside of myself. And
06inwHyT7l0-02123-00499242-00499485 it's something I'm tapping into the design
06inwHyT7l0-02124-00499575-00499749 process was, that's that's how I feel
06inwHyT7l0-02125-00499749-00499899 often when I'm writing fiction. And the
06inwHyT7l0-02126-00499899-00500034 design of this game was similar to that
06inwHyT7l0-02127-00500034-00500310 were like, it was like tapping into
06inwHyT7l0-02128-00500310-00500553 something. Like in this creative space, I
06inwHyT7l0-02129-00500553-00500772 felt like coming from somewhere outside of
06inwHyT7l0-02130-00500772-00500871 myself. So you know,
06inwHyT7l0-02131-00500885-00501054 Amelia Antrim: I think you have to because
06inwHyT7l0-02132-00501054-00501330 again, because it's such a topic that's
06inwHyT7l0-02133-00501330-00501603 like so close, but it almost has to come
06inwHyT7l0-02134-00501603-00501729 from somewhere else to be anything
06inwHyT7l0-02135-00501729-00501885 coherent, because otherwise it's just
06inwHyT7l0-02136-00501885-00502077 going to be to jump like there's just too
06inwHyT7l0-02137-00502077-00502278 many feelings. Yeah, you know, so it's
06inwHyT7l0-02138-00502278-00502472 like it has to be something outside of you
06inwHyT7l0-02139-00502472-00502632 something that you took that break to
06inwHyT7l0-02140-00502632-00502932 realize that you that it sounds like
06inwHyT7l0-02141-00502932-00503154 you've treated with all of the care that
06inwHyT7l0-02142-00503154-00503508 it requires. Yeah, too. So I'm really
06inwHyT7l0-02143-00503508-00503685 excited about where you've landed and I'm
06inwHyT7l0-02144-00503685-00503843 so I'm so excited for people to
06inwHyT7l0-02145-00503843-00503964 Ben Wallis: see as you say it's very much
06inwHyT7l0-02146-00503964-00504171 about time for it to get out there now.
06inwHyT7l0-02147-00504171-00504279 It's been long enough
06inwHyT7l0-02148-00504351-00504453 Amelia Antrim: to not be in my head.
06inwHyT7l0-02149-00504600-00505179 Somebody else's problem. Ah, well, thank
06inwHyT7l0-02150-00505179-00505377 you so much for joining us to talk about
06inwHyT7l0-02151-00505377-00505608 broken this was fantastic. It's so much
06inwHyT7l0-02152-00505608-00505643 fun.
06inwHyT7l0-02153-00505647-00505760 Ben Wallis: Thank you both so much for
06inwHyT7l0-02154-00505760-00505902 having me. I really appreciate the
06inwHyT7l0-02155-00505902-00506004 opportunity to be here.
06inwHyT7l0-02156-00506046-00506147 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, do you want to remind
06inwHyT7l0-02157-00506147-00506328 everybody where they can find you online
06inwHyT7l0-02158-00506328-00506463 and what other things you have going on?
06inwHyT7l0-02159-00506463-00506601 Ben Wallis: Yep. So you can find your
06inwHyT7l0-02160-00506601-00506913 ports open network at all ports open.com I
06inwHyT7l0-02161-00506913-00507117 actually have a link tree if people want
06inwHyT7l0-02162-00507117-00507324 to find is that gamer priest and you can
06inwHyT7l0-02163-00507324-00507539 find all my links you can find a pawn
06inwHyT7l0-02164-00507539-00507768 games as I said before on edge a pawn
06inwHyT7l0-02165-00507768-00508053 games to edge to IO and the our games that
06inwHyT7l0-02166-00508053-00508362 we released there. You can you can hit
06inwHyT7l0-02167-00508364-00508568 follow and then you get all of our like
06inwHyT7l0-02168-00508568-00508685 when a game goes live, you'll get
06inwHyT7l0-02169-00508685-00508908 notified. And you can follow me on Twitter
06inwHyT7l0-02170-00508908-00509121 at Benjamin Wallace. By the way, Wallace
06inwHyT7l0-02171-00509121-00509460 is spelled W A L L i s for listeners. So
06inwHyT7l0-02172-00509460-00509712 if you're finding me on social media, it's
06inwHyT7l0-02173-00509714-00509937 at Benjamin Wallace but spelled that way.
06inwHyT7l0-02174-00509964-00510129 Um Yeah, I think that's basically where
06inwHyT7l0-02175-00510129-00510195 people can find me.
06inwHyT7l0-02176-00510252-00510483 Ryan Boelter: Pretty cool. Well, thank you
06inwHyT7l0-02177-00510483-00510699 so much for joining us for this special
06inwHyT7l0-02178-00510699-00510930 bonus episode of character creation
06inwHyT7l0-02179-00510930-00511172 spotlight. And thanks to everybody for
06inwHyT7l0-02180-00511172-00511503 tuning in. Do not forget to check out the
06inwHyT7l0-02181-00511503-00511950 broken crowdfunding campaign which might
06inwHyT7l0-02182-00511950-00512229 be going on right now. Or starting soon.
06inwHyT7l0-02183-00512289-00512468 So we'll we'll figure out where that's
06inwHyT7l0-02184-00512468-00512820 gonna go but either way, we will see you
06inwHyT7l0-02185-00512820-00512880 next time.
06inwHyT7l0-02186-00513923-00514160 Character Creation Cast is a production of
06inwHyT7l0-02187-00514160-00514382 the oneshot Podcast Network and can be
06inwHyT7l0-02188-00514382-00514691 found online at www dot character creation
06inwHyT7l0-02189-00514691-00515012 cast.com until the website to get more
06inwHyT7l0-02190-00515012-00515315 information on our hosts this show and
06inwHyT7l0-02191-00515315-00515540 even our press kit. Character Creation
06inwHyT7l0-02192-00515540-00515762 Cast can also be found on twitter at
06inwHyT7l0-02193-00515762-00516104 creation cast or ON OUR DISCORD SERVER at
06inwHyT7l0-02194-00516104-00516440 discord dot character creation cast.com I
06inwHyT7l0-02195-00516440-00516671 one of your hosts Ryan boelter and I can
06inwHyT7l0-02196-00516671-00516926 be found on twitter at Lord Neptune or
06inwHyT7l0-02197-00516926-00517244 online at Lord neptune.com Our other hosts
06inwHyT7l0-02198-00517247-00517496 Amelia Antrim can be found on twitter at
06inwHyT7l0-02199-00517505-00517829 ginger recommend. Music for this episode
06inwHyT7l0-02200-00517829-00518036 is used with a Creative Commons license,
06inwHyT7l0-02201-00518054-00518234 or with permission from the podcast the
06inwHyT7l0-02202-00518234-00518498 originator from further information can be
06inwHyT7l0-02203-00518498-00518750 found within the show notes. Our main
06inwHyT7l0-02204-00518750-00519053 theme music is hero remix by Steve combs
06inwHyT7l0-02205-00519059-00519212 and is used with a Creative Commons
06inwHyT7l0-02206-00519212-00519542 license. This podcast is owned by us under
06inwHyT7l0-02207-00519542-00519836 Creative Commons. This episode was edited
06inwHyT7l0-02208-00519836-00520082 by Ryan boelter. Further information for
06inwHyT7l0-02209-00520082-00520298 the game systems using today's guests can
06inwHyT7l0-02210-00520298-00520553 also be found in the show notes. If you'd
06inwHyT7l0-02211-00520553-00520808 like to support our show, find us on
06inwHyT7l0-02212-00520808-00521123 Patreon. Get access to bonus episode,
06inwHyT7l0-02213-00521156-00521372 extra outtakes and much more at
06inwHyT7l0-02214-00521372-00521729 patreon.com/character creation cast.
06inwHyT7l0-02215-00521780-00522056 Thanks for joining us and remember we find
06inwHyT7l0-02216-00522056-00522266 the best part of any role playing game is
06inwHyT7l0-02217-00522266-00522530 character creation. So go out there and
06inwHyT7l0-02218-00522530-00522806 create some amazing people will see you
06inwHyT7l0-02219-00522806-00522866 next time.
06inwHyT7l0-02220-00524489-00524588 Amelia Antrim: Now we got to read some
06inwHyT7l0-02221-00524588-00525044 show blurbs show blurbs show show show
06inwHyT7l0-02222-00525044-00525113 blurbs.
06inwHyT7l0-02223-00525309-00525462 Ryan Boelter: Character Creation Cast is
06inwHyT7l0-02224-00525462-00525744 hosted by the one chat Podcast Network. If
06inwHyT7l0-02225-00525744-00525963 you enjoyed our show, visit one chat
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06inwHyT7l0-02227-00526203-00526428 great shows like one shot
06inwHyT7l0-02228-00526476-00526581 Amelia Antrim: on one shot you can
06inwHyT7l0-02229-00526581-00526821 discover new RPGs through actual play
06inwHyT7l0-02230-00526857-00527073 every week. James D'Amato brings you a new
06inwHyT7l0-02231-00527073-00527244 episode with a rotating cast of
06inwHyT7l0-02232-00527244-00527457 improvisers, game designers and other
06inwHyT7l0-02233-00527457-00527739 notable nerds. One shot has featured over
06inwHyT7l0-02234-00527739-00528006 100 games, exploring a wide variety of
06inwHyT7l0-02235-00528006-00528273 genres and tones. The stories are self
06inwHyT7l0-02236-00528273-00528489 contained, so you can jump in anywhere and
06inwHyT7l0-02237-00528489-00528636 it's a great way to find your new favorite
06inwHyT7l0-02238-00528636-00528930 game. Discover the magic of RPGs with one
06inwHyT7l0-02239-00528930-00529338 shot on your favorite podcast app. Oh,
06inwHyT7l0-02240-00529365-00529692 Ryan Boelter: hey, you. Good. Very strong.
06inwHyT7l0-02241-00529692-00529980 Clicky that was there. I felt bad about
06inwHyT7l0-02242-00529980-00530022 that one.
06inwHyT7l0-02243-00530031-00530124 Amelia Antrim: I'm impressed.
06inwHyT7l0-02244-00530202-00530316 Ryan Boelter: I've got some good tea and
06inwHyT7l0-02245-00530316-00530523 honey. Fresh in there and
06inwHyT7l0-02246-00530526-00530709 Amelia Antrim: yeah, we got that like
06inwHyT7l0-02247-00530709-00530826 sweet honey voice.
06inwHyT7l0-02248-00530862-00531018 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, exactly. It's nice.
06inwHyT7l0-02249-00531222-00531369 Amelia Antrim: Okay, are we ready?
06inwHyT7l0-02250-00531384-00531516 Ryan Boelter: I'll be all set.
06inwHyT7l0-02251-00531635-00531791 Amelia Antrim: I will do a five count will
06inwHyT7l0-02252-00531791-00532187 not laugh at my fingers. And I am pretty
06inwHyT7l0-02253-00532187-00532241 good at it.
06inwHyT7l0-02254-00532245-00532368 Ryan Boelter: I'm very impressed every
06inwHyT7l0-02255-00532368-00532557 time i That's
06inwHyT7l0-02256-00532556-00532958 Amelia Antrim: good. All right. What's in
06inwHyT7l0-02257-00532958-00533162 a game? I always want to say it. I know.
06inwHyT7l0-02258-00533186-00533318 You're gonna have to cut all this noise
06inwHyT7l0-02259-00533318-00533555 out. Fine. I just want to say it
06inwHyT7l0-02260-00533901-00534021 Unknown: and that's it. That's good.
07wk2JF0n5I-00000-00000006-00000768 thank you for everything I am here with my mother one of my big questions or asks was
07wk2JF0n5I-00001-00000768-00001488 to get all my friends and my family to be on the same path as me which is a happy vibrational path
07wk2JF0n5I-00002-00001488-00002127 and all that has happened and I was just telling my mom how awesome is it that all
07wk2JF0n5I-00003-00002127-00002946 my friends are on it and you're here with me today and is it you develop new friends
07wk2JF0n5I-00004-00002946-00003726 who aren't on it absolutely because contrast is such a wonderful thing that will serve you
07wk2JF0n5I-00005-00003726-00004305 absolutely we're playing with you a little bit about what we're wanting to do is to talk you
07wk2JF0n5I-00006-00004305-00004914 out of wanting to control conditions so that you can have a more positive feeling response
07wk2JF0n5I-00007-00004914-00005559 we want you to say Abraham hardly anybody I know is on my wavelength yet but I'm so in
07wk2JF0n5I-00008-00005559-00006051 tune with my inner being that I see them all through the eyes of source and so they're all
07wk2JF0n5I-00009-00006051-00006762 beautiful right where they stand that's wonderful that's really what's happening that's really what
07wk2JF0n5I-00010-00006762-00007530 you mean it's you that's changed not them it's the eyes of you that this conversation
07wk2JF0n5I-00011-00007530-00008163 is about more than it is them all acquiesced in to your path none of them will be on your
07wk2JF0n5I-00012-00008163-00008793 path your path is moving so fast don't ask them to keep up don't ask them to keep up sorry mom
07wk2JF0n5I-00013-00008793-00009803 especially mom especially mom you know it's it's really good hearing you say that because
07wk2JF0n5I-00014-00009803-00010283 my business partner and I we went to go see you in Colorado last year and since then so much
07wk2JF0n5I-00015-00010283-00010949 bad stuff has happened and because we saw that contrast now we're like oh that stuffs happening
07wk2JF0n5I-00016-00010949-00011450 you know what that means good stuffs coming and every single time you know what that means
07wk2JF0n5I-00017-00011450-00011990 clarity's coming decision is coming decisiveness is coming deliberate intention is coming the
07wk2JF0n5I-00018-00011990-00012497 ability to focus is coming the desire to focus is coming the utilization of our guidance system is
07wk2JF0n5I-00019-00012497-00013511 coming yes yes so I have such great appreciation for everything that's happening I have employees
07wk2JF0n5I-00020-00013511-00014180 and development teams and I own a couple of businesses and I'm not saying any of that to
07wk2JF0n5I-00021-00014180-00014969 brag I'm saying that because I want to know how is it that I could attract more people that are
07wk2JF0n5I-00022-00014969-00015644 willing to work as hard as my business partner and I so that way we can move even faster because
07wk2JF0n5I-00023-00015644-00016382 right now the delegation is one of the things that I think we both struggle with your healthiness to
07wk2JF0n5I-00024-00016382-00016949 wrap this up sort of in the way that we began it today because we said we know you'll remember it
07wk2JF0n5I-00025-00016949-00017978 as we say it again that every Empire is 99.9999% finished before you put the first nail in the
07wk2JF0n5I-00026-00017978-00018683 first board or before you hire the first employee because once you have a facility and a product
07wk2JF0n5I-00027-00018683-00019394 and functions and employees then there is always something to see that has the potential of taking
07wk2JF0n5I-00028-00019394-00020171 you out of your alignment so it's easier to dream it when there's nothing to contradict it than it
07wk2JF0n5I-00029-00020171-00020963 is to be living some of it that is contradicting it however it's so much more satisfying to dream
07wk2JF0n5I-00030-00020963-00021473 it and then live it and then clean up what you're living by dreaming more in other words all that
07wk2JF0n5I-00031-00021473-00022076 this conversation is about all day long here today the clarification that is the new emphasis that
07wk2JF0n5I-00032-00022076-00022625 we are really wanting those like you to feel is that you're never going to reach the place where
07wk2JF0n5I-00033-00022625-00023171 you can be lazy with your thoughts you're never going to have the perfect set of employees that
07wk2JF0n5I-00034-00023171-00023801 will never bounce off into something that is more we had a conversation just a few weeks ago with
07wk2JF0n5I-00035-00023801-00024809 someone who was talking about her business and she used the word vehicle and so we seized on
07wk2JF0n5I-00036-00024809-00025457 that word because it gave us the opportunity to present something so easy to understand and so
07wk2JF0n5I-00037-00025457-00026162 accurate we said to her you're in this vehicle and you're moving along and it's taking you on a nice
07wk2JF0n5I-00038-00026162-00026858 ride and then you just step out of that vehicle into another vehicle and it takes you on a nice
07wk2JF0n5I-00039-00026858-00027502 right - and then you step out of that vehicle into another vehicle and it takes you in a nice right -
07wk2JF0n5I-00040-00027502-00028252 and there is a never-ending stream of new vehicles for you to step out into in that next logical step
07wk2JF0n5I-00041-00028252-00029008 sort of way and then we said something that shook her right to the core of what was stuck in her
07wk2JF0n5I-00042-00029008-00029717 vibrational cross we said do you know what's happening with you you want to find a vehicle
07wk2JF0n5I-00043-00029717-00030401 that will take you all the way to everywhere that you're going you're not willing to change
07wk2JF0n5I-00044-00030401-00031283 employees change business plans add new products eliminate some product your vortex is full of
07wk2JF0n5I-00045-00031283-00031961 potential unfolding that you can never see from where you stand the journey is the destination the
07wk2JF0n5I-00046-00031961-00032498 journey is what it is all about the destination is the reason for the journey and the journey is what
07wk2JF0n5I-00047-00032498-00033305 rings your bells the next logical step is as good as it gets you say so that's why we're asking you
07wk2JF0n5I-00048-00033305-00033893 to step out of the details of what you're living and just dream a little bit in general terms my
07wk2JF0n5I-00049-00033893-00034523 business is really fun and it feels never-ending and it just gets bigger and bigger and the influx
07wk2JF0n5I-00050-00034523-00035117 of people that are interfacing with it both those that help us grow it and those that are
07wk2JF0n5I-00051-00035117-00035945 the consumers of it with such ease and abundance and the interchange is so satisfying the abundance
07wk2JF0n5I-00052-00035945-00036710 that flows from this business of mine is so satisfying and so supportive of so many and so
07wk2JF0n5I-00053-00036710-00037364 much the details of the well-being are so extreme and the satisfaction that I experience are beyond
07wk2JF0n5I-00054-00037364-00038066 anything that I can detail completely did you step into this general place of acknowledging the
07wk2JF0n5I-00055-00038066-00038915 universe's ability and desire to keep you inspired and uplifted when you make the decision to come
07wk2JF0n5I-00056-00038915-00039947 into this physical experience one of the first things that you translated into words that felt
07wk2JF0n5I-00057-00039947-00040793 really meaningful to you was this phrase I want to fulfill my reason for being I want to fulfill my
07wk2JF0n5I-00058-00040793-00041513 life's purpose I want to fulfill the reason that I came into this physical body to begin with and
07wk2JF0n5I-00059-00041513-00042254 what those words really mean is that I want to find the satisfaction of hooking up with my inner
07wk2JF0n5I-00060-00042254-00042914 being as I romp through life because you're not ever going to fulfill all of the purposes because
07wk2JF0n5I-00061-00042914-00043451 the purposes keep growing there's not gonna ever be a day that there's not something beyond what
07wk2JF0n5I-00062-00043451-00043880 you are now living that you're wanting and there are parents all over the world that are telling
07wk2JF0n5I-00063-00043880-00044426 their children that's wrong that's greedy that's entitled you never get enough and the correct
07wk2JF0n5I-00064-00044426-00045035 answer to that question is no I never get enough there will always be more there will always be
07wk2JF0n5I-00065-00045035-00045629 more because with each contrast that gives birth to each rocket of desire and as I close that gap
07wk2JF0n5I-00066-00045629-00046235 and achieve the manifestation of it right along with the achievement of that manifestation that
07wk2JF0n5I-00067-00046235-00046565 others can see and hear and smell and taste and touch - oh look at them look what they created
07wk2JF0n5I-00068-00046565-00047216 right along with that is a new set of contrasting experiences which launch more rockets which give
07wk2JF0n5I-00069-00047216-00047780 you more opportunity for satisfaction it never ends it never ends it never ends it never ends
07wk2JF0n5I-00070-00047780-00048503 it never ends and you dear hearts you said from your vibrational vantage point as you made the
07wk2JF0n5I-00071-00048503-00049192 decision to come into this body into this time and space you said I will go and explore the
07wk2JF0n5I-00072-00049192-00049972 contrast because I know that in doing so new will be patched within me new that I cannot trust it
07wk2JF0n5I-00073-00049972-00050617 first because there's no basis of believing in it in physical manifested reality but I will be able
07wk2JF0n5I-00074-00050617-00051271 to trust it nonetheless because my inner being will know it and I will become so acquainted with
07wk2JF0n5I-00075-00051271-00051853 what it feels like when my inner being is focused upon something that I desire that I will let my
07wk2JF0n5I-00076-00051853-00052479 inner being and how my inner being feels be my guiding light not the reality of what physically
07wk2JF0n5I-00077-00052479-00053188 has manifested so far I will be the one that finds the new desire step one is where all creation
07wk2JF0n5I-00078-00053188-00053737 happens step one that step you all want to leave out there step one where there's resistance that's
07wk2JF0n5I-00079-00053737-00054508 the step that makes it all happen and step two is your source energy shoring that up believing
07wk2JF0n5I-00080-00054508-00055189 in what you ask for and knowing the perfection of it and holding the vibrational autonomy of
07wk2JF0n5I-00081-00055189-00056188 it and then you doing nothing more then selfishly carrying about how you feel so you reach for the
07wk2JF0n5I-00082-00056188-00056860 thought of believing in it rather than the thought of doubting it you reach for the feeling of love
07wk2JF0n5I-00083-00056860-00057622 rather than the easier feeling of hate you reach for the feeling of positive expectation even if
07wk2JF0n5I-00084-00057622-00058230 there is an manifested reason for it and then another vehicle in another vehicle in another
07wk2JF0n5I-00085-00058230-00058807 vehicle in another vehicle and you never become those physical beings who say I can't wait till
07wk2JF0n5I-00086-00058807-00059473 I die so that I can rest in heaven instead you say what's more what's more what's more what's
07wk2JF0n5I-00087-00059473-00060016 more what's more what's more much more and when you get hooked in with those like us who know
07wk2JF0n5I-00088-00060016-00060490 the more that you've already asked for who not only know what you've asked for but where you
07wk2JF0n5I-00089-00060490-00061312 stand in relationship to it and who know what your vibrational warfare is what your spiritual
07wk2JF0n5I-00090-00061312-00062249 warfare is which means we like that term terrible as it is know where your points of resistance are
07wk2JF0n5I-00091-00062249-00063239 since we know what your path of most resistance is or your path of least resistance or better
07wk2JF0n5I-00092-00063239-00064129 stated your path of most allowance we can lead you to the ridiculous idea of prying your washer
07wk2JF0n5I-00093-00064129-00064901 open with a crowbar which will lead you to the feeling of freedom of your clothes being freed
07wk2JF0n5I-00094-00064901-00065855 from the bondage of the maniacal washing machine which can lead you to the humor and the fun with a
07wk2JF0n5I-00095-00065855-00066380 new friend who knows for sure or wants to believe that you're not really going to pry open your new
07wk2JF0n5I-00096-00066380-00066971 washing machine with a crowbar which leads you to the fun that leads you to the idea that leads
07wk2JF0n5I-00097-00066971-00067328 you to the impulse that leads you to the phone call that leads you to the result that you want
07wk2JF0n5I-00098-00067328-00067976 there's always a path of least resistance you just got to stop beating up on yourself on how
07wk2JF0n5I-00099-00067976-00068786 hairy the path is and just start as you said wisely enjoying the journey enough thank you
07UmvZCkZBu-00000-00000461-00000950 oesophagus. For swallowing to take place properly bolus should form in the mouth
07UmvZCkZBu-00001-00000950-00001550 and tongue should push it to back up mouth. Then all unnecessary parts need to
07UmvZCkZBu-00002-00001550-00002156 be blocked -nasopharynx should be closed, air path should be closed and esophageal
07UmvZCkZBu-00003-00002156-00002774 path should open and finally bolus should pass via esophagus to stomach.
07UmvZCkZBu-00004-00002774-00003323 These different actions are defined as different phases of swallowing-oral,
07UmvZCkZBu-00005-00003323-00003893 pharyngeal and esophageal. Before we go into details of each of the phase we
07UmvZCkZBu-00006-00003893-00004373 should know some structural details- the posterior wall of pharynx- it has three
07UmvZCkZBu-00007-00004373-00005123 different sphincters superior, middle and inferior plus esophagus it is mostly of
07UmvZCkZBu-00008-00005123-00005786 smooth muscle but the initial 1/3 portion of esophagus is striated muscle.
07UmvZCkZBu-00009-00005786-00006431 In oral phase, tongue pushes against the palate like this- separating a part of
07UmvZCkZBu-00010-00006431-00007022 the bolus from the food in the mouth so bolus will reach to the posterior
07UmvZCkZBu-00011-00007022-00007648 pharyngeal wall. For oral phase to function properly we want muscles of jaw,
07UmvZCkZBu-00012-00007648-00008189 facial muscles and tongue muscles to function properly. These muscles are
07UmvZCkZBu-00013-00008189-00008861 supplied by 5th, 7th and 12th cranial nerves. So these cranial nerves
07UmvZCkZBu-00014-00008861-00009386 should be intact for oral phase to function properly plus size of the bolus
07UmvZCkZBu-00015-00009386-00010070 formed is also important. Now oral phase is a voluntary phase, rest other two
07UmvZCkZBu-00016-00010070-00010607 phases- the pharyngeal and esophageal phase are involuntary. As bolus touches
07UmvZCkZBu-00017-00010607-00011165 the oral pharyngeal wall, it initiates  pharyngeal phase that is the second
07UmvZCkZBu-00018-00011165-00011681 phase. Touching of bolus through the oropharyngeal wall initiates a reflex
07UmvZCkZBu-00019-00011681-00012332 response where sensory receptors present at the wall of oropharynx are
07UmvZCkZBu-00020-00012332-00012968 stimulated and afferents then go via ninth and tenth cranial nerves to
07UmvZCkZBu-00021-00012968-00013578 swallowing center in medulla. From there a series of motor responses are initiated
07UmvZCkZBu-00022-00013578-00014159 which bring about entry of bolus into the esophagus. The series of responses
07UmvZCkZBu-00023-00014159-00014730 include contraction of superior constrictor of the pharynx and elevation
07UmvZCkZBu-00024-00014730-00015333 of the soft palate so as to close the nasopharynx then there is contraction of
07UmvZCkZBu-00025-00015333-00016020 the laryngeal muscles and larynx is pulled upward and anteriorly and laryngeal
07UmvZCkZBu-00026-00016020-00016653 opening is closed. Not only that, there is flipping back of epiglottis for closure
07UmvZCkZBu-00027-00016653-00017256 of the air path with inhibition of respiration. So to close the air passage
07UmvZCkZBu-00028-00017256-00017844 three things are taking place- larynx is moving anteriorly and upward with
07UmvZCkZBu-00029-00017844-00018536 closure of glottis, epiglottis is closing the path and there is inhibition of
07UmvZCkZBu-00030-00018536-00019029 respiration. This is important because the food enters the air pathway it can
07UmvZCkZBu-00031-00019029-00019593 lead to pneumonia. When larynx moves upward and anteriorly what happens is it
07UmvZCkZBu-00032-00019593-00020142 stretches this path and widens the opening of the esophagus. As it happens
07UmvZCkZBu-00033-00020142-00020646 there is sequential contraction of the other constrictors- that is the middle
07UmvZCkZBu-00034-00020646-00021120 and inferior constrictors of the pharynx also- with relaxation of the
07UmvZCkZBu-00035-00021120-00021759 upper esophageal sphincter for entry of food into the esophagus. All these events
07UmvZCkZBu-00036-00021759-00022226 closure of the nasopharynx, closure of the airways and opening of the
07UmvZCkZBu-00037-00022226-00022962 esophagus occur in less than one second. So this is a quick reflex response. When
07UmvZCkZBu-00038-00022962-00023472 food enters the esophagus, there starts a wave of peristalsis. Because of
07UmvZCkZBu-00039-00023472-00023943 distension of the esophagus caused by the bolus there are stretch signals from
07UmvZCkZBu-00040-00023943-00024465 the esophageal wall which cause contraction of the esophageal muscles
07UmvZCkZBu-00041-00024465-00024969 behind the bolus and relaxation ahead of the bolus- so there is a wave of
07UmvZCkZBu-00042-00024969-00025512 contraction and relaxation which keeps on moving the bolus into the esophagus.
07UmvZCkZBu-00043-00025512-00026217 This is known as primary peristalsis- the peristalsis which is preceded by the
07UmvZCkZBu-00044-00026217-00026640 oral and pharyngeal phases. But what will happen if this peristalsis
07UmvZCkZBu-00045-00026640-00027195 is not strong enough? Then the food will get stuck in the esophagus. You
07UmvZCkZBu-00046-00027195-00027501 might have experience of bolus getting stuck.
07UmvZCkZBu-00047-00027501-00028038 Suppose if  the size of the bolus is too large or you were too fast in
07UmvZCkZBu-00048-00028038-00028485 swallowing it- then there was not proper bolus formation and lubrication of the
07UmvZCkZBu-00049-00028485-00028776 bolus. This creates another wave of peristalsis
07UmvZCkZBu-00050-00028776-00029253 due to distension of the esophageal wall caused by the bolus.
07UmvZCkZBu-00051-00029253-00029760 Now that peristalsis is known as secondary peristalsis. So second peristalsis
07UmvZCkZBu-00052-00029760-00030306 is due to distension of the esophageal wall and is not preceded by
07UmvZCkZBu-00053-00030306-00030792 oral and pharyngeal phases as opposed to primary peristalsis.
07UmvZCkZBu-00054-00030792-00031269 It's a predictive response so that bolus can be pushed into the stomach,
07UmvZCkZBu-00055-00031269-00031761 Secondary peristalsis is also initiated in case the contents from the
07UmvZCkZBu-00056-00031761-00032211 stomach reflux back into the esophagus- they also cause distension of the
07UmvZCkZBu-00057-00032211-00032748 esophagus and then there is secondary peristalsis. So it empties the esophagus
07UmvZCkZBu-00058-00032748-00033318 of the gastric contents. Tt takes approximately 10 seconds for food to
07UmvZCkZBu-00059-00033318-00033945 pass from esophagus into the stomach and this peristaltic wave is important for
07UmvZCkZBu-00060-00033945-00034572 transport of both solids and liquids. So even we are upright beings and the
07UmvZCkZBu-00061-00034572-00035106 gravity supports this transport from esophagus to stomach but still the
07UmvZCkZBu-00062-00035106-00035616 peristatic wave is essential for both solids and liquids transfer into the stomach. Now
07UmvZCkZBu-00063-00035616-00036074 this esophagus is functionally divided into upper esophageal sphincter,
07UmvZCkZBu-00064-00036074-00036702 esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter. Upper esophageal sphincter forms
07UmvZCkZBu-00065-00036702-00037227 the upper 3 centimeter of esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter forms the lower
07UmvZCkZBu-00066-00037227-00037698 3 centimeter. We saw that upper esophageal sphincter relaxes in the
07UmvZCkZBu-00067-00037698-00038340 pharyngeal phase. Similarly as food bolus is passing from esophagus to stomach
07UmvZCkZBu-00068-00038340-00038937 lower esophageal relaxes and it is because of this peristaltic wave which
07UmvZCkZBu-00069-00038937-00039485 is travelling. But normally this LES- lower esophageal sphincter is tonically
07UmvZCkZBu-00070-00039485-00039897 contracted that means it is always kept in contracted state.
07UmvZCkZBu-00071-00039897-00040380 So this diagram is showing the lower esophageal sphincter -here esophagus is
07UmvZCkZBu-00072-00040380-00040851 making contact with the stomach so this this is showing the stomach. Now it is
07UmvZCkZBu-00073-00040851-00041271 important that it remains tonically contracted so that contents from the
07UmvZCkZBu-00074-00041271-00041820 stomach should not pass into the esophagus. Tt's a very delicate place
07UmvZCkZBu-00075-00041820-00042444 because if acid from stomach moves into the esophagus then it can corrode the
07UmvZCkZBu-00076-00042444-00042999 lining of the esophagus and it can also lead to ulcers. Ulcers when heal it can
07UmvZCkZBu-00077-00042999-00043563 lead to stenosis and narrowing of the esophagus. So not only the lower
07UmvZCkZBu-00078-00043563-00043986 esophageal sphincter but there are other mechanisms also to keep it contracted
07UmvZCkZBu-00079-00043986-00044565 and these are the diaphragmatic fibers which form the external sphincter and
07UmvZCkZBu-00080-00044565-00045162 there are also these sling fibers of stomach. So when there is increasing in
07UmvZCkZBu-00081-00045162-00045690 intraabdominal pressure, these fibers contract and they narrow the opening of
07UmvZCkZBu-00082-00045690-00046134 esophagus into the stomach. So whenever there is rise in  intra-abdominal
07UmvZCkZBu-00083-00046134-00046740 pressure such as in coughing or straining so it doesn't happen that contents from
07UmvZCkZBu-00084-00046740-00047217 stomach go into the esophagus. Only in extreme increase in
07UmvZCkZBu-00085-00047217-00047649 intraabdominal pressure- will this backflow or reflux will happen.
07UmvZCkZBu-00086-00047649-00048149 So this is the normal mechanism of swallowing- it consists of three phases
07UmvZCkZBu-00087-00048149-00048689 oral, pharyngeal and esophageal.
09VsB1pH9mM-00000-00000368-00000619 What looked like tendrils on my Kalanchoes
09VsB1pH9mM-00001-00000690-00000952 turned out to be twig mimicking caterpillars.
09VsB1pH9mM-00002-00001336-00001685 These insects perceive color through skin sensors
09VsB1pH9mM-00003-00001685-00002000 and change color to match their surroundings
09VsB1pH9mM-00004-00002152-00002504 This camouflage helps avoid detection by birds
0s_R8IIi4UM-00000-00000012-00000222 This time I'm playing the Skywars Lucky Block gamemode.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00001-00000222-00000306 Here we go!
0s_R8IIi4UM-00002-00000426-00000714 After I got all the Lucky Blocks out of the chests.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00003-00000714-00000942 I opened them hoping for the best.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00004-00001194-00001319 And what I got was: Chickens
0s_R8IIi4UM-00005-00001319-00001341 A trap Two bows
0s_R8IIi4UM-00006-00001341-00001362 And a rose a hat that played music
0s_R8IIi4UM-00007-00001362-00001464 And a pair of boots.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00008-00001464-00001950 I randomly started shooting people with a bow, but they had melon bombs against me to throw.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00009-00001950-00002165 But then they used a grappling hook to leave their base on half a heart,
0s_R8IIi4UM-00010-00002165-00002496 and then when they stopped using it they realized that it wasn't smart.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00011-00002496-00002748 Then there was a chest refill. I opened all the Lucky Blocks,
0s_R8IIi4UM-00012-00002748-00002856 but that was slightly overkill.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00013-00002856-00003096 I was ready to teleport, making ready everything I got.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00014-00003096-00003335 Not gonna lie I was terrified, because that could have been my demise.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00015-00003335-00003502 And when I got tp'ed,
0s_R8IIi4UM-00016-00003502-00003576 I instantly went back, and attacked.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00017-00003576-00003600 But as I just started, they looked back,
0s_R8IIi4UM-00018-00003600-00003602 exploded and attacked.
0s_R8IIi4UM-00019-00003602-00004194 And I really closely ended up winning this fight, because someone was defeated by their
0s_R8IIi4UM-00020-00004194-00004266 own dynamite.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00000-00001513-00002103 July 28, 2084, is the day when the first colony on Mars was founded.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00001-00002103-00002353 SpaceTech became pioneers of a new world.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00002-00002390-00002843 And today we are celebrating the Science and Technology Fair dedicated to them!
0sLY4vY1wKE-00003-00002886-00003033 Wanna know what's going on behind me?
0sLY4vY1wKE-00004-00003123-00003393 Oh, it's SpaceTech brought their latest creation to show off.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00005-00003446-00003713 It's terrific. We'll tell you about it in a minute.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00006-00003773-00003916 So, the fair!
0sLY4vY1wKE-00007-00004113-00004560 Complete festive tasks, finish the special operation, fight in weekly Skirmishes.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00008-00004603-00004983 Do whatever Spacetech will ask you, and you will be handsomely rewarded!
0sLY4vY1wKE-00009-00005046-00005500 Outstanding pilots have arrived to celebrate! Hurry up to recruit them.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00010-00005553-00005653 Manni
0sLY4vY1wKE-00011-00005816-00006030 Manni loves going spectacular.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00012-00006073-00006703 As a pilot, he makes enemies feel like they've got an edge, and then strikes back with extra strength.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00013-00006796-00006913 Raphael Petit
0sLY4vY1wKE-00014-00007103-00007490 DSC Lead Design Engineer handles flamethrowers best of all.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00015-00007526-00007823 His favorites are Blaze, Igniter, and Ember.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00016-00007896-00008016 Dew Tompkins
0sLY4vY1wKE-00017-00008156-00008276 A glorified Shell pilot.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00018-00008326-00008980 Dew learned to use Shell's explosions to suppress the enemies, which helped him find his freedom some time ago.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00019-00008996-00009350 Check out the new special editions for Fafnir and Skadi.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00020-00009403-00009586 You will shine on the battlefield!
0sLY4vY1wKE-00021-00009640-00009856 Okay. We know what you are waiting for.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00022-00009906-00010376 Meet the cutting-edge SpaceTech creation - Titan Murometz!
0sLY4vY1wKE-00023-00010480-00010560 It flies...
0sLY4vY1wKE-00024-00010580-00010800 ...unleashes a hailstorm of missiles on the ground...
0sLY4vY1wKE-00025-00010830-00011130 ...and disables the abilities of enemies that got too close.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00026-00011196-00011550 Not enough? You can dish out even more rockets if you want!
0sLY4vY1wKE-00027-00011583-00012026 Equip Murometz with new homing weapons: Bulava and Kisten.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00028-00012103-00012573 A devastating rumbling will be everywhere — no one can survive.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00029-00012596-00012713 This update has more:
0sLY4vY1wKE-00030-00012760-00013160 A new drone, a microchip, tweaks to the Item Enhancement system.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00031-00013186-00013433 Learn about all that in the update notes.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00032-00013463-00013626 The link is in the description.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00033-00013656-00013900 Hurry up to the SpaceTech Fair!
0sLY4vY1wKE-00034-00013983-00014186 And happy hunting, commanders!
0sLY4vY1wKE-00035-00014296-00014490 Looking for more War Robots content?
0sLY4vY1wKE-00036-00014550-00014773 Check out the Murometz overview here.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00037-00014810-00015033 And other videos here and here.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00038-00015116-00015413 You can find the full update notes by the link in description.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00039-00015440-00015760 And follow War Robots on Reddit for memes and discussions.
0sLY4vY1wKE-00040-00015823-00015919 Until next time!
0tGzVvhe-KA-00000-00000000-00000231 WELCOME TO A NEW WEEK OF THE RUNDOWN.
0tGzVvhe-KA-00001-00000231-00000423 ON THIS EPISODE, THE NAVY IS ACCEPTING
0tGzVvhe-KA-00002-00000423-00000677 NOMINATIONS FOR A LEADERSHIP AWARD,
0tGzVvhe-KA-00003-00000677-00000855 THERE ARE EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES AT THE
0tGzVvhe-KA-00004-00000855-00001067 NAVY POST GRADUATE SCHOOL, AND WE’RE PREPARING
0tGzVvhe-KA-00005-00001067-00001719 FOR THE E-4 THROUGH E-6 ADVANCEMENT RESULTS.
0tGzVvhe-KA-00006-00001719-00001898 THE NAVY IS SEEKING QUALIFIED SAILORS
0tGzVvhe-KA-00007-00001898-00002186 FOR THE 2017 CAPTAIN JOY BRIGHT HANCOCK
0tGzVvhe-KA-00008-00002186-00002376 AND MASTER CHIEF ANNA DER- VARTANIAN
0tGzVvhe-KA-00009-00002376-00002616 LEADERSHIP AWARD. THE ANNUAL AWARD
0tGzVvhe-KA-00010-00002616-00002790 IS PRESENTED TO SAILORS WHO EXHIBIT
0tGzVvhe-KA-00011-00002790-00003011 INSPIRATIONAL LEADERSHIP SKILLS, FOSTER A
0tGzVvhe-KA-00012-00003011-00003198 POSITIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND HELP FURTHER
0tGzVvhe-KA-00013-00003198-00003407 THE INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN THE NAVY.
0tGzVvhe-KA-00014-00003407-00003665 NOMINEES ARE BROKEN INTO FIVE CATEGORIES
0tGzVvhe-KA-00015-00003665-00003927 RANGING FROM SENIOR OFFICER TO JUNIOR ENLISTED.
0tGzVvhe-KA-00016-00003927-00004212 CANDIDATES MAY BE ACTIVE DUTY
0tGzVvhe-KA-00017-00004212-00004457 OR RESERVE SAILORS, AND SHALL BE NOMINATED BY
0tGzVvhe-KA-00018-00004457-00004748 THEIR C-O OR OFFICER IN CHARGE.
0tGzVvhe-KA-00019-00004748-00004941 THE APPLICATION DEADLINE IS FEBRUARY 15.
0tGzVvhe-KA-00020-00004941-00005202 CHECK OUT OUR STORY ON NAVY.MIL FOR
0tGzVvhe-KA-00021-00005202-00005391 MORE INFORMATION INCLUDING LINKS TO THE
0tGzVvhe-KA-00022-00005391-00005637 N-P-C WEB PAGE THAT DETAILS HOW TO APPLY FOR THE AWARD.
0tGzVvhe-KA-00023-00005637-00005994 SAILORS INTERESTED IN EARNING
0tGzVvhe-KA-00024-00005994-00006146 THEIR MASTER’S DEGREE, OR
0tGzVvhe-KA-00025-00006146-00006351 A GRADUATE CERTIFICATE CAN DO SO THROUGH
0tGzVvhe-KA-00026-00006351-00006536 THE NAVAL POST GRADUATE SCHOOL DISTANCE
0tGzVvhe-KA-00027-00006536-00006786 LEARNING PROGRAMS. THE DISTANCE LEARNING
0tGzVvhe-KA-00028-00006786-00007047 PROGRAMS ARE PART TIME PROGRAMS OPEN TO
0tGzVvhe-KA-00029-00007047-00007278 SAILORS AND D-O-D CIVILIANS WHO WOULD LIKE TO
0tGzVvhe-KA-00030-00007278-00007422 EARN A DEGREE BEYOND THE TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM SETTING.
0tGzVvhe-KA-00031-00007422-00007772 MID-GRADE OFFICERS CAN APPLY
0tGzVvhe-KA-00032-00007772-00007922 TO EARN THEIR MASTER DEGREE,
0tGzVvhe-KA-00033-00007922-00008133 WHILE GRADUATE CERTIFICATES OPPORTUNITIES
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0tGzVvhe-KA-00035-00008307-00008604 THE PROGRAMS USUALLY LAST
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0uowxFgCG5Q-00000-00000206-00000564 Good evening, everyone
0uowxFgCG5Q-00001-00000564-00000811 and welcome to the Menlo Park City Council My
0uowxFgCG5Q-00002-00000811-00001086 name is Mayor Pro Tem Cecilia Taylor
0uowxFgCG5Q-00003-00001086-00001458 Welcome to all the youth poets, parents, caregivers,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00004-00001458-00001680 and families here with us tonight
0uowxFgCG5Q-00005-00001680-00002018 for the Menlo Park Youth Poetry celebration!
0uowxFgCG5Q-00006-00002018-00002308 Thank you for joining us on this special occasion.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00007-00002308-00002650 Menlo Park's Young people inspire us with their
0uowxFgCG5Q-00008-00002650-00002946 boundless energy and creative spirit.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00009-00002946-00003114 The youth of Menlo Park
0uowxFgCG5Q-00010-00003114-00003438 are our city's most precious asset.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00011-00003438-00003704 Tonight, we have the pleasure of recognizing all
0uowxFgCG5Q-00012-00003704-00003926 the poets in our community
0uowxFgCG5Q-00013-00003926-00004228 and hearing four of their original poems
0uowxFgCG5Q-00014-00004228-00004516 on the theme, "If I were a book..."
0uowxFgCG5Q-00015-00004516-00004704 To begin the presentation
0uowxFgCG5Q-00016-00004704-00004934 I would like to introduce our library services
0uowxFgCG5Q-00017-00004934-00005278 director, Sean Reinhart.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00018-00005680-00006168 Test 1-2. Okay, great. This one's for the poets.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00019-00006170-00006394 Thank you, Mayor Pro Tem.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00020-00006394-00006620 Good evening, everyone.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00021-00006698-00006930 As Mayor Pro Tem Taylor mentioned, this is a very
0uowxFgCG5Q-00022-00006930-00007159 special evening; welcome to all of you.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00023-00007159-00007490 Thank you for being here. We're going to get right to it
0uowxFgCG5Q-00024-00007490-00007772 and have some of our winning poets come up and read
0uowxFgCG5Q-00025-00007772-00007952 their poems in just a minute, but first I'd just
0uowxFgCG5Q-00026-00007952-00008210 like to thank a few people.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00027-00008210-00008474 First of all, I want to thank some of the library
0uowxFgCG5Q-00028-00008474-00008764 staff who were responsible for putting this event
0uowxFgCG5Q-00029-00008764-00009114 together; in particular I want to
0uowxFgCG5Q-00030-00009114-00009544 recognize our teen librarian Gina Feil.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00031-00009544-00009664 Please give Gina
0uowxFgCG5Q-00032-00009664-00009940 Applause
0uowxFgCG5Q-00033-00010090-00010412 Standing next to her is our
0uowxFgCG5Q-00034-00010412-00010536 assistant library director Nick Szegda
0uowxFgCG5Q-00035-00010536-00010664 Many of you know Nick
0uowxFgCG5Q-00036-00010664-00010952 great job
0uowxFgCG5Q-00037-00010952-00011262 In the back there taking photos
0uowxFgCG5Q-00038-00011262-00011704 program specialist John Weaver; wave to the folks, John.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00039-00011792-00012046 And I see people on the back of the room Rani Singh,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00040-00012046-00012408 Jennifer Wilkins and Winnie Chan
0uowxFgCG5Q-00041-00012408-00012580 give them around of applause. This is the library
0uowxFgCG5Q-00042-00012580-00012969 staff who put together the event
0uowxFgCG5Q-00043-00012969-00013291 we're just astounded when we started this contest
0uowxFgCG5Q-00044-00013291-00013532 in partnership with the Menlo Park Library
0uowxFgCG5Q-00045-00013532-00013794 Foundation we're going to hear from them in a minute
0uowxFgCG5Q-00046-00013794-00014091 we thought we'd do this contest and we might get 50
0uowxFgCG5Q-00047-00014091-00014282 or 60 poems
0uowxFgCG5Q-00048-00014282-00014652 We actually received almost 200 entries in this contest
0uowxFgCG5Q-00049-00014782-00014988 which is an amazing number. Give you all give
0uowxFgCG5Q-00050-00014988-00015318 yourselves around of applause
0uowxFgCG5Q-00051-00015400-00015691 And let me tell you I had the pleasure of reading
0uowxFgCG5Q-00052-00015691-00015919 every one of these poems and they were all
0uowxFgCG5Q-00053-00015919-00016068 incredible
0uowxFgCG5Q-00054-00016068-00016262 and it was -- they're just really
0uowxFgCG5Q-00055-00016262-00016718 mind blowing and so heartfelt and so moving
0uowxFgCG5Q-00056-00016718-00017036 It was actually a very challenging task for the
0uowxFgCG5Q-00057-00017036-00017238 judging panel to pick out
0uowxFgCG5Q-00058-00017238-00017582 winners and honorable mentions Every poem is
0uowxFgCG5Q-00059-00017582-00017794 astounding but we had to narrow it down
0uowxFgCG5Q-00060-00017794-00017896 So
0uowxFgCG5Q-00061-00017896-00018088 the last folks I want to thank before I bring up
0uowxFgCG5Q-00062-00018088-00018354 our foundation. Folks are the panelists who
0uowxFgCG5Q-00063-00018354-00018598 reviewed all of these poems
0uowxFgCG5Q-00064-00018598-00018828 here in the room is one of the panelists at
0uowxFgCG5Q-00065-00018828-00018920 Jackie Berger
0uowxFgCG5Q-00066-00018920-00019088 who's from
0uowxFgCG5Q-00067-00019088-00019340 the M.A. English program at Notre Dame de Namur
0uowxFgCG5Q-00068-00019340-00019578 wave to the folks Jackie. She did a
0uowxFgCG5Q-00069-00019578-00019804 phenomenal service
0uowxFgCG5Q-00070-00019804-00020012 reading all those poems and judging them.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00071-00020012-00020124 Sitting next to her is
0uowxFgCG5Q-00072-00020192-00020380 a member of the Library Foundation board who is
0uowxFgCG5Q-00073-00020380-00020504 also a judge
0uowxFgCG5Q-00074-00020504-00020958 Betsy Halaby is here. Thank you, Betsy.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00075-00020958-00021258 I don't think she's here this evening.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00076-00021258-00021486 our former library commissioner
0uowxFgCG5Q-00077-00021486-00021790 and a reading specialist at Oak Knoll School
0uowxFgCG5Q-00078-00021790-00022062 Jackie Cebrian was another one of our panelists
0uowxFgCG5Q-00079-00022062-00022116 let's
0uowxFgCG5Q-00080-00022116-00022470 applaud her in absentia
0uowxFgCG5Q-00081-00022478-00022798 They sat in a room for hours reading all these
0uowxFgCG5Q-00082-00022798-00022958 poems... and then finally
0uowxFgCG5Q-00083-00022958-00023340 I'm not sure if she's here our fourth panelist
0uowxFgCG5Q-00084-00023340-00023626 is the San Mateo County Poet Laureate
0uowxFgCG5Q-00085-00023626-00023988 Aileen Cassinetto. Is Aileen here this evening?
0uowxFgCG5Q-00086-00023988-00024290 Let's give a round of applause for the TV cameras
0uowxFgCG5Q-00087-00024290-00024666 Thank you Aileen for all the help you gave us.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00088-00024666-00024880 So without further ado thank you everyone.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00089-00024880-00025036 Thank you to everyone who entered I'd like to introduce
0uowxFgCG5Q-00090-00025036-00025208 the President of the Menlo Park
0uowxFgCG5Q-00091-00025208-00025558 Library Foundation, Elyse Stein.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00092-00025866-00026048 So hello
0uowxFgCG5Q-00093-00026048-00026452 as he said, my name is Elyse Stein I'm here
0uowxFgCG5Q-00094-00026452-00026838 to represent the Menlo Park Library Foundation
0uowxFgCG5Q-00095-00026838-00027172 We are, we tend to be the fundraising arm of the
0uowxFgCG5Q-00096-00027172-00027300 library
0uowxFgCG5Q-00097-00027300-00027498 and I want to introduce a couple of the other
0uowxFgCG5Q-00098-00027498-00027795 board members. Betsy Halaby you've already met
0uowxFgCG5Q-00099-00027795-00028064 She is one of the judges
0uowxFgCG5Q-00100-00028064-00028439 and to her left is Lynne Fovinci
0uowxFgCG5Q-00101-00028516-00028742 who is our treasurer
0uowxFgCG5Q-00102-00029110-00029362 So I want to talk for a minute about this
0uowxFgCG5Q-00103-00029362-00029748 wonderful contest, which we were very proud to
0uowxFgCG5Q-00104-00029748-00029870 co-sponsor
0uowxFgCG5Q-00105-00029870-00030106 It really shines a light
0uowxFgCG5Q-00106-00030106-00030442 on the high levels of literacy and creativity of
0uowxFgCG5Q-00107-00030442-00030620 our young people
0uowxFgCG5Q-00108-00030620-00030808 and really
0uowxFgCG5Q-00109-00030808-00031098 focuses on their
0uowxFgCG5Q-00110-00031098-00031452 self expression which really blew me away. When I
0uowxFgCG5Q-00111-00031452-00031692 read all the poems that I could get my hands on,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00112-00031692-00031864 it was really terrific
0uowxFgCG5Q-00113-00031864-00032289 So I want to thank each and every one of the
0uowxFgCG5Q-00114-00032289-00032622 poets for their contributions
0uowxFgCG5Q-00115-00032622-00032852 and if they wouldn't mind if the poets could just
0uowxFgCG5Q-00116-00032852-00033198 stand up for a minute
0uowxFgCG5Q-00117-00033242-00033556 Yes
0uowxFgCG5Q-00118-00034658-00034896 Alright take your seats
0uowxFgCG5Q-00119-00034896-00035184 Thank you again for those contributions each and
0uowxFgCG5Q-00120-00035184-00035362 everyone of you
0uowxFgCG5Q-00121-00035362-00035612 we want to wish you the best of luck
0uowxFgCG5Q-00122-00035612-00035774 and we hope
0uowxFgCG5Q-00123-00035774-00036088 that you will continue to write poetry
0uowxFgCG5Q-00124-00036088-00036342 for the rest of your days
0uowxFgCG5Q-00125-00036342-00036778 So now now, I'm going to ask Cecilia
0uowxFgCG5Q-00126-00036778-00036932 Taylor, our
0uowxFgCG5Q-00127-00036932-00037080 Pro Tem Mayor
0uowxFgCG5Q-00128-00037080-00037468 to come and join me at the podium
0uowxFgCG5Q-00129-00038096-00038294 Stand with you
0uowxFgCG5Q-00130-00039076-00039366 Thank you for your work
0uowxFgCG5Q-00131-00039366-00039690 okay. Our first presentation for their poem is
0uowxFgCG5Q-00132-00039690-00040078 gonna be Emilia Hansen
0uowxFgCG5Q-00133-00041052-00041298 If I were a book
0uowxFgCG5Q-00134-00041298-00041682 If I were a book I would have hilarious adventures
0uowxFgCG5Q-00135-00041682-00041904 I would have superhero dreams
0uowxFgCG5Q-00136-00041904-00042140 I would swim in beautiful seas
0uowxFgCG5Q-00137-00042140-00042458 I could fly over gigantic green trees
0uowxFgCG5Q-00138-00042458-00042858 I could walk in a castle where you need lots of keys
0uowxFgCG5Q-00139-00042858-00043064 I could be aboard a pirate ship
0uowxFgCG5Q-00140-00043064-00043454 with my friend named Mc. Pufferson Heavenly Fleas
0uowxFgCG5Q-00141-00043454-00043612 And I could see humongous waves
0uowxFgCG5Q-00142-00043622-00043828 which makes me look brave
0uowxFgCG5Q-00143-00043828-00044104 I could see bats who live in dark dark caves
0uowxFgCG5Q-00144-00044104-00044272 (who also look brave)
0uowxFgCG5Q-00145-00044272-00044506 Why not have you look at a monster band,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00146-00044506-00044828 or have you read about crabs who like to live in sand?
0uowxFgCG5Q-00147-00044952-00045082 Maybe learn about mermaids
0uowxFgCG5Q-00148-00045082-00045310 who dive around secret lands?
0uowxFgCG5Q-00149-00045310-00045624 Or about funny people who like to dance!
0uowxFgCG5Q-00150-00045624-00045828 And learn how to prance...
0uowxFgCG5Q-00151-00045828-00046196 maybe a handstand in France?
0uowxFgCG5Q-00152-00046196-00046510 I would love to see all different types of faces
0uowxFgCG5Q-00153-00046510-00046764 And the eyes of different races,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00154-00046764-00047048 I would like to see the faces of delight,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00155-00047048-00047276 or faces having a great fright.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00156-00047276-00047534 But mostly I love to see faces cry,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00157-00047534-00047824 When they say to me - the book
0uowxFgCG5Q-00158-00047824-00048098 bye bye!
0uowxFgCG5Q-00159-00048736-00049062 Here to present you with this award from the
0uowxFgCG5Q-00160-00049062-00049542 Library Foundation, congratulations on your win
0uowxFgCG5Q-00161-00049542-00049752 Please join us and we will take a quick photograph of
0uowxFgCG5Q-00162-00049752-00050128 you with your prize
0uowxFgCG5Q-00163-00050168-00050788 (Look tall, Emilia!)
0uowxFgCG5Q-00164-00051162-00051514 Let's hear it for Emilia!
0uowxFgCG5Q-00165-00051754-00052328 Our next poet would be Sophia Gamini
0uowxFgCG5Q-00166-00053517-00053824 So I'm not embarrassed to say, I did make a
0uowxFgCG5Q-00167-00053824-00054184 couple of mistakes on my poem.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00168-00054498-00054738 My crisp pages turn,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00169-00054738-00055022 dancing, spinning, in a dim candlelight
0uowxFgCG5Q-00170-00055022-00055304 My worn-out pages ripped, burned, and broken
0uowxFgCG5Q-00171-00055304-00055490 waiting to be tended.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00172-00055490-00055728 My words, some may call magical, whispering of the future.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00173-00055728-00055948 Beholding the past.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00174-00055948-00056164 My words dance with glee,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00175-00056164-00056388 for there is still happiness inside of me.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00176-00056388-00056610 I have been read millions of times,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00177-00056610-00056850 hearing the whisper of their words,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00178-00056850-00056940 like silk being thrown into air,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00179-00056940-00057198 going in all sorts of direction,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00180-00057198-00057428 dancing as it falls into the empty air.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00181-00057428-00057614 Each person reads delicately,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00182-00057614-00057840 like they're frightened if they read any different,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00183-00057840-00058074 I will rip into a million different pieces,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00184-00058074-00058332 and can never be mended again.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00185-00058332-00058491 But they do not know,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00186-00058491-00058836 that if that is to happen,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00187-00058836-00058904 my words still live on.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00188-00058904-00059288 Floating in air, like dust,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00189-00059288-00059376 still whispering words of wisdom.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00190-00059376-00059658 If you listen so softly, you might hear me.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00191-00059658-00059854 The candle light flickers,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00192-00059854-00059972 given the warning of burning out soon.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00193-00059972-00060258 Burning away, melting,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00194-00060258-00060388 like my old, worn out pages will too, soon.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00195-00060388-00060650 Nobody will ever know the secrets that I carry,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00196-00060650-00060767 they will never know.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00197-00060767-00061100 Unless they listen.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00198-00061629-00061970 Sophia, it's my great pleasure to present you with
0uowxFgCG5Q-00199-00061970-00062236 this award from the Library Foundation
0uowxFgCG5Q-00200-00062236-00062612 Congratulations on your win!
0uowxFgCG5Q-00201-00062708-00063038 (Picture)
0uowxFgCG5Q-00202-00064602-00065098 Our next poet is Jamie Zhou
0uowxFgCG5Q-00203-00065768-00065868 If I were a book
0uowxFgCG5Q-00204-00065878-00066290 We'd all like to inspire odes-- and others, chronicles.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00205-00066290-00066622 Some would hope for novels  Or a romanticized retelling of a life
0uowxFgCG5Q-00206-00066622-00066912 They've never even seen
0uowxFgCG5Q-00207-00066912-00067254 A visceral string of 12 summers
0uowxFgCG5Q-00208-00067254-00067498 The 13th is when you see reality for what it is
0uowxFgCG5Q-00209-00067498-00067730 But if each of us got only a couplet,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00210-00067730-00067892 what would illustrate?
0uowxFgCG5Q-00211-00067892-00068134 Impulsive bloodlines,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00212-00068134-00068258 What's supposed to be the golden girl
0uowxFgCG5Q-00213-00068258-00068538 Mediocre at best  Could have bought my merits--but
0uowxFgCG5Q-00214-00068538-00068744 I choose to write my own chapters
0uowxFgCG5Q-00215-00068744-00069002 Hopeful youth  Solitary dreamer
0uowxFgCG5Q-00216-00069002-00069322 I did as I was told  A product of society
0uowxFgCG5Q-00217-00069322-00069554 How will the world remember me?
0uowxFgCG5Q-00218-00069554-00069828 --It's for you to choose.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00219-00070248-00070554 Jamie, it's my pleasure to present you with this award
0uowxFgCG5Q-00220-00070674-00071138 Congratulations from the Library Foundation
0uowxFgCG5Q-00221-00071138-00071342 (picture)
0uowxFgCG5Q-00222-00072002-00072354 Congratulations!
0uowxFgCG5Q-00223-00072948-00073310 Our last poet is the Grand Prize winner and it's
0uowxFgCG5Q-00224-00073310-00073644 Chyanne Robinson
0uowxFgCG5Q-00225-00075628-00075942 If I were a book, I wouldn't invite you in just yet
0uowxFgCG5Q-00226-00075992-00076220 I feel that if I let you in -- you may hurt me in an instance
0uowxFgCG5Q-00227-00076328-00076598 If I were a book, my main character would struggle
0uowxFgCG5Q-00228-00076598-00076804 with trusting people, because people started
0uowxFgCG5Q-00229-00076804-00077030 breaking her trust at an early age
0uowxFgCG5Q-00230-00077030-00077272 If I were a book, I would fear that if I were to trust you,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00231-00077272-00077524 you would simply walk out of my life,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00232-00077524-00077758 so instead, I keep the pages closed
0uowxFgCG5Q-00233-00077758-00077992 If I were a book, I would tell you about family separation,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00234-00077992-00078226 about a mother leaving her family,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00235-00078226-00078398 and her children not knowing why.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00236-00078398-00078520 If I were a book,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00237-00078520-00078710 I would tell you about my older sister
0uowxFgCG5Q-00238-00078710-00078860 having to surrender her childhood,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00239-00078860-00079062 because she had to take care of me
0uowxFgCG5Q-00240-00079062-00079302 If I were a book, I would empathize with someone
0uowxFgCG5Q-00241-00079302-00079480 who may feel alone and worthless --
0uowxFgCG5Q-00242-00079480-00079702 because I KNOW how that feels
0uowxFgCG5Q-00243-00079702-00079936 If I were book, I would tell you about feeling alone,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00244-00079936-00080212 about a cloudy mindset
0uowxFgCG5Q-00245-00080212-00080318 making it impossible to think straight
0uowxFgCG5Q-00246-00080318-00080508 as dark thoughts build up
0uowxFgCG5Q-00247-00080508-00080746 If I were a book, I would struggle with
0uowxFgCG5Q-00248-00080746-00081044 capturing a happy memory, because because it is elusive--
0uowxFgCG5Q-00249-00081044-00081252 disappearing before I can write it
0uowxFgCG5Q-00250-00081252-00081490 If I were a book, I would tell you about
0uowxFgCG5Q-00251-00081490-00081688 multiple deaths and a child who blames herself
0uowxFgCG5Q-00252-00081688-00081818 for the death of her grandma,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00253-00081818-00081958 uncle, and cousins
0uowxFgCG5Q-00254-00081958-00082190 If I were a book, I would tell you about
0uowxFgCG5Q-00255-00082190-00082340 not wanting to go to school,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00256-00082340-00082560 not wanting to have friends, blocking myself from the world
0uowxFgCG5Q-00257-00082560-00082790 because being alone allowed me to hide
0uowxFgCG5Q-00258-00082790-00082916 my sadness
0uowxFgCG5Q-00259-00082916-00083186 If I were a book, my tattered pages would resist
0uowxFgCG5Q-00260-00083186-00083282 being straightened --
0uowxFgCG5Q-00261-00083282-00083660 no I do not want to go to a shrink,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00262-00083696-00083990 no I'm not going through a phase,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00263-00083990-00084184 no, I'm not too young
0uowxFgCG5Q-00264-00084184-00084374 to feel this pain
0uowxFgCG5Q-00265-00084374-00084586 If I were a book, I would tell you about being bullied
0uowxFgCG5Q-00266-00084586-00084782 because I did not look like
0uowxFgCG5Q-00267-00084782-00084834 the other girls,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00268-00084834-00085072 or because I chose to follow the rules
0uowxFgCG5Q-00269-00085072-00085276 if I were book, I would tell you about being bullied
0uowxFgCG5Q-00270-00085276-00085524 because I was Black and called ugly,
0uowxFgCG5Q-00271-00085524-00085726 or that my hair did not flow like white or
0uowxFgCG5Q-00272-00085726-00085840 Latina girls
0uowxFgCG5Q-00273-00085840-00086094 if I were a book, I would fade away...
0uowxFgCG5Q-00274-00086094-00086368 like my depression.
0uowxFgCG5Q-00275-00087928-00088128 That was magnificent
0uowxFgCG5Q-00276-00088128-00088436 very impressive. It's my great pleasure to
0uowxFgCG5Q-00277-00088436-00088806 present you first with this award for winning in
0uowxFgCG5Q-00278-00088806-00088950 the category
0uowxFgCG5Q-00279-00088950-00089358 and second the Grand Prize winner gets this iPad
0uowxFgCG5Q-00280-00089358-00089552 Congratulations again
0uowxFgCG5Q-00281-00089552-00089808 Well done
0uowxFgCG5Q-00282-00091442-00091804 Okay, and at this time we would like to call back up
0uowxFgCG5Q-00283-00091804-00092126 the other three winners and all 11 of the
0uowxFgCG5Q-00284-00092126-00092414 honorable mentions for one group photo. So if all
0uowxFgCG5Q-00285-00092414-00092584 the winners and honorable mentions, could please
0uowxFgCG5Q-00286-00092584-00092834 come forward we just like to take one quick photo
0uowxFgCG5Q-00287-00092834-00093052 with all of you. Please
0uowxFgCG5Q-00288-00093052-00093176 let's. Hear it for them
0uowxFgCG5Q-00289-00093176-00093548 They all did an amazing job
0uowxFgCG5Q-00290-00093598-00093934 Just line up right here. We'll get a few photos
0uowxFgCG5Q-00291-00093934-00094060 Parents
0uowxFgCG5Q-00292-00094060-00094306 feel free to take some pictures with your
0uowxFgCG5Q-00293-00094306-00094596 iphones. Etcetera
0uowxFgCG5Q-00294-00095324-00095748 It's like the paparazzi out there
0uowxFgCG5Q-00295-00099312-00099540 Everybody good
0uowxFgCG5Q-00296-00099540-00099748 one, more one, more
0uowxFgCG5Q-00297-00099748-00100016 good
0uowxFgCG5Q-00298-00100016-00100186 Alright let's have one more round of applause for
0uowxFgCG5Q-00299-00100186-00100578 the winners and honorable mentions
0uowxFgCG5Q-00300-00100872-00101224 And just one final sincere thank you to the
0uowxFgCG5Q-00301-00101224-00101538 Library Foundation as well as to Mayor Pro Tem Taylor
0uowxFgCG5Q-00302-00101646-00101930 Council members Combs and Nash. I know Mayor Mueller's
0uowxFgCG5Q-00303-00101930-00102178 on the phone and Council member Carlton
0uowxFgCG5Q-00304-00102178-00102328 Let's give a round of applause to the City Council
0uowxFgCG5Q-00305-00102408-00102646 for hosting this event. Thank you
0uowxFgCG5Q-00306-00102646-00102780 thank you
0uowxFgCG5Q-00307-00102780-00102968 and with that
0uowxFgCG5Q-00308-00102968-00103290 we are going to take one big group picture
0uowxFgCG5Q-00309-00103290-00103409 Everybody
0uowxFgCG5Q-00310-00103409-00103658 right outside. So if you could please we'd all
0uowxFgCG5Q-00311-00103658-00103890 like to reconvene just outside the chamber so we
0uowxFgCG5Q-00312-00103890-00104059 can take a big group picture
0uowxFgCG5Q-00313-00104059-00104356 Thank you very much
0-oPKY3elWY-00000-00000000-00000431 To give you an idea about a third of the cases we see as a neurology service in the
0-oPKY3elWY-00001-00000431-00000861 in the hospital are cases with some sort of spinal cord injury so it is very
0-oPKY3elWY-00002-00000861-00001413 common, it is about probably 500 dogs a year here in Bristol. Treating spinal
0-oPKY3elWY-00003-00001413-00002102 injury has this two major steps one is to treat the acute phase so when the
0-oPKY3elWY-00004-00002102-00002667 dog becomes paralyzed so it could be surgery for realigning the spine it
0-oPKY3elWY-00005-00002667-00002936 could be surgery to remove compression on the nerves
0-oPKY3elWY-00006-00002936-00003380 so that's one set of treatment and second set of treatment would be in a
0-oPKY3elWY-00007-00003380-00003836 chronic phase for those animals who have not recovered so they had a bad injury
0-oPKY3elWY-00008-00003836-00004491 remained paralyzed one of the treatment that has become potentially very useful
0-oPKY3elWY-00009-00004491-00005034 is to use cells from the nasal cavity from the nose and harvest them from
0-oPKY3elWY-00010-00005034-00005448 the nose and transplant them in the spinal cord to help the cord to regenerate
0-oPKY3elWY-00011-00005448-00005844 the start of the process will be having a small biopsy from the nose which is
0-oPKY3elWY-00012-00005844-00006417 probably a very small fragment of tissue they would then process and put in a dish
0-oPKY3elWY-00013-00006417-00006884 and the cells will start to expand so there is a process of multiplication
0-oPKY3elWY-00014-00006884-00007383 where the cells grow to reach the number we wish for transplantation
0-oPKY3elWY-00015-00007383-00007995 our olfactory system or smell system lose its neurons all the time because
0-oPKY3elWY-00016-00007995-00008486 they're exposed to air, dust smoke and so on so we lose neurons in the nose all
0-oPKY3elWY-00017-00008486-00008835 the time but they do regenerate, we do keep our sense of smell all the time
0-oPKY3elWY-00018-00008835-00009195 that doesn't disappear and the reason for that is because new nuerons forms in
0-oPKY3elWY-00019-00009195-00009702 the nose naturally and they link with the brain all the time to do this
0-oPKY3elWY-00020-00009702-00010082 link they need supporting cells or factory cells are supporting cells
0-oPKY3elWY-00021-00010082-00010671 helping nerves to grow and make connection with the brain so that is the
0-oPKY3elWY-00022-00010671-00011010 natural history of what's happening in the smell system but if you do
0-oPKY3elWY-00023-00011010-00011397 take these cells out of their natural environment put them in a damaged region
0-oPKY3elWY-00024-00011397-00011967 of the brain or spinal cord then they do carry on having this function of
0-oPKY3elWY-00025-00011967-00012438 supporting nerve to regrow and what we try to do is the spinal cord is really
0-oPKY3elWY-00026-00012438-00012923 bridging the gap the lesion gap that's been caused by the trauma so we
0-oPKY3elWY-00027-00012923-00013347 put the cells into the lesion and hopefully they will help the nerves
0-oPKY3elWY-00028-00013347-00013847 to regenerate you can see or you can detect an effect of the cells
0-oPKY3elWY-00029-00013847-00014369 in the sense that you see a change in locomotion so these dogs can walk better
0-oPKY3elWY-00030-00014369-00015054 and with the cells and we gain some control movement of the legs. It's not a
0-oPKY3elWY-00031-00015054-00015419 magic treatment and obviously not a hundred percent of the dogs who would get the cells
0-oPKY3elWY-00032-00015419-00016038 get an improvement but we had enough success to show scientifically
0-oPKY3elWY-00033-00016038-00016467 that this was valid and about twenty five percent of the cases we
0-oPKY3elWY-00034-00016467-00017043 transplanted in that way, had some some visible changes with the naked eye on their
0-oPKY3elWY-00035-00017043-00017798 gait and legs movements. Using the cells  has been done in humans as well
0-oPKY3elWY-00036-00017798-00018363 but as safety trials so it's only a very limited number of people or patients
0-oPKY3elWY-00037-00018363-00018704 the way forward would be to try and improve how we deliver the cells into
0-oPKY3elWY-00038-00018704-00019104 the spinal cord because it's one thing to inject them and show that there is an
0-oPKY3elWY-00039-00019104-00019494 effect, its another thing to then go to a person and how do you actually deliver
0-oPKY3elWY-00040-00019494-00019992 the cells so they survive and are numerous in the region, so this is problem
0-oPKY3elWY-00041-00019992-00020501 with how do we deliver them so of course when dogs get paralyzed they also lose
0-oPKY3elWY-00042-00020501-00021009 control of their bladders and so they become incontinent and which
0-oPKY3elWY-00043-00021009-00021690 is a big problem and one of the methods we've been testing in dogs to solve
0-oPKY3elWY-00044-00021690-00022145 this problem is to use what we call Neuroprostheses, they are small silicone
0-oPKY3elWY-00045-00022145-00022575 implants. We can place on the nerves below the lesions if the lesions in the
0-oPKY3elWY-00046-00022575-00023076 middle of the back of the dog we can still exploit the spark or below the lesion
0-oPKY3elWY-00047-00023076-00023544 that's there and it's usually fine and has survived and it's a technique
0-oPKY3elWY-00048-00023544-00023731 that's used in humans, it has been used for 30 years
0-oPKY3elWY-00049-00023731-00024195 in humans so it's not new but it's one of example where something that is
0-oPKY3elWY-00050-00024195-00024723 working in humans has, we've taken it from humans and implemented it in dogs
0-oPKY3elWY-00051-00024723-00025281 it's actually the other way, it is a reverse translation isn't. So by putting newer prosthesis
0-oPKY3elWY-00052-00025281-00025831 small implants in the nerve you can do surgery for that, you can take control of
0-oPKY3elWY-00053-00025831-00026323 the nerves that are remaining and that are  going to the bladder and it's very is
0-oPKY3elWY-00054-00026323-00026722 very effective and you can then use a remote control these nerves in different
0-oPKY3elWY-00055-00026722-00027199 ways so so you can empty the bladder regularly which obviously prevents from
0-oPKY3elWY-00056-00027199-00027666 having to do it manually pressing on the tummy of the dog which is a bit distressing
0-oPKY3elWY-00057-00027666-00028152 for the owner or putting catheter into the bladder which create infections a
0-oPKY3elWY-00058-00028152-00028687 lot of the time. So your neuro procedures is a good way of exploiting the
0-oPKY3elWY-00059-00028687-00029127 preserved part of the spinal cord.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00000-00000009-00000171 Hey there, Filip here.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00001-00000171-00000665 I thought that it would be fun to give you an update on what's new in Flutter 2.8 now
0_AFfpaMxzu-00002-00000665-00000873 that I'm outside of Google.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00003-00000873-00001521 Because, on the one hand, I don't have any insider information, but on the other hand,
0_AFfpaMxzu-00004-00001521-00001948 I can say whatever I want, basically.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00005-00001948-00002846 Anyway, so, all I have for this video is this article that they published earlier today.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00006-00002846-00003369 And I had a good read through it and now I'm just going to give you some insights.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00007-00003369-00003617 And, hopefully, save you some time.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00008-00003617-00003717 Performance is a big deal.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00009-00003717-00003861 A really big deal.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00010-00003861-00003961 This time around.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00011-00003961-00004276 (And last time around as well.)
0_AFfpaMxzu-00012-00004276-00005005 They reduced startup latency for low-end Android devices by 50% on a real-world app.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00013-00005005-00005169 That's really nice.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00014-00005169-00005439 10% for high-end devices.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00015-00005439-00005696 It's just something that you get for free.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00016-00005696-00006443 You just recompile your app with the latest version, 2.8, and you're done.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00017-00006443-00006570 You have a faster app.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00018-00006570-00006745 And it's not just that.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00019-00006745-00007384 It's also, you know, they did some new smarter things with garbage collection policy.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00020-00007384-00007981 So your app will jank less often when things are kind of busy.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00021-00007981-00008189 And so on and so forth.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00022-00008189-00008334 Really cool.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00023-00008334-00009104 If you're taking performance traces, especially on lower end devices, good news about memory.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00024-00009104-00009438 Because they split the app in two.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00025-00009438-00009621 Whatever, not a big deal.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00026-00009621-00010389 But, uh, also not a big deal, to me, is that you can now profile Android and Flutter performance
0_AFfpaMxzu-00027-00010389-00010489 alongside.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00028-00010489-00010589 Great.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00029-00010589-00010754 Though this one is interesting.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00030-00010754-00011513 So, a lot of times, if your app is not really performant enough, the problem is not so much
0_AFfpaMxzu-00031-00011513-00012017 with widget builds, but it's with layouts or paints.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00032-00012017-00013029 So, they now give you the ability to have a profiling run with tracking layouts and
0_AFfpaMxzu-00033-00013029-00013129 tracking paints.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00034-00013129-00013299 We had "Tracking Widget Builds" before.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00035-00013299-00013888 But now you can do these, and you'll see that in your timeline, and you'll be like, oh my
0_AFfpaMxzu-00036-00013888-00014425 god, this layout is taking so much time, and why, and now you can try to fix it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00037-00014425-00014653 So, really cool.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00038-00014653-00015018 You can now also easily profile the performance of your app's startup.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00039-00015018-00015768 Which is a big deal because, if your app takes a lot of time, or janks at startup, it's really
0_AFfpaMxzu-00040-00015768-00016197 not a good look for your new users, right?
0_AFfpaMxzu-00041-00016197-00016319 Web platform views.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00042-00016319-00016779 If you use Flutter for web and you use platform views, good news.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00043-00016779-00016935 It's a little faster.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00044-00016935-00017894 If you like money, you will like the fact that you can now use Mobile Ads SDK for Flutter
0_AFfpaMxzu-00045-00017894-00018061 in a stable release.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00046-00018061-00018532 It's generally available, I guess, so I'm not sure if that's stable.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00047-00018532-00018756 But anyway, it's good.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00048-00018756-00018940 It's money.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00049-00018940-00019367 If you like ads in your apps, go for it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00050-00019367-00019737 WebView is now version 3.0.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00051-00019737-00020293 They now do stuff like, you can actually load HTML from files and strings.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00052-00020293-00020702 Which is now when, for example, you want to keep your app offline.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00053-00020702-00021672 Or, if you do something fancy with your app and it absolutely needs HTML, then this could
0_AFfpaMxzu-00054-00021672-00021835 be nice.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00055-00021835-00022773 Also, they allow you to have a webview in a web app built by Flutter.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00056-00022773-00023193 Right now it's just an iframe, but I think it's nice.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00057-00023193-00023856 If you use webview as most people use webview, which is, I have Terms of Service document
0_AFfpaMxzu-00058-00023856-00024529 somewhere in HTML and I want to show it to users, this is nice, because you don't have to make
0_AFfpaMxzu-00059-00024529-00024953 a different version of your app just for that for the web.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00060-00024953-00025192 Cool, cool, cool.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00061-00025192-00025449 New Flutter Favorites.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00062-00025449-00025677 Very good, I like it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00063-00025677-00026166 But it's not going to change anything about your workflow with Flutter, so I'm skipping
0_AFfpaMxzu-00064-00026166-00026351 it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00065-00026351-00026556 If you use Flutter...
0_AFfpaMxzu-00066-00026556-00026725 I mean Firebase.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00067-00026725-00027294 Or if you want, or need a real-time database in your Flutter app, then this is really good
0_AFfpaMxzu-00068-00027294-00027394 news.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00069-00027394-00028077 They went from beta to stable in FlutterFire plugins, which is basically the official plugins
0_AFfpaMxzu-00070-00028077-00028306 for Firebase and Flutter.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00071-00028306-00029202 And interestingly, they now have a CLI tool that lets you skip some of the pain points
0_AFfpaMxzu-00072-00029202-00029418 when you're setting stuff up.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00073-00029418-00029563 So, that's good.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00074-00029563-00030287 Although, to be honest, if you're not building a new app every week, ... I mean, it's painful,
0_AFfpaMxzu-00075-00030287-00030522 but it's not such a big deal.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00076-00030522-00030770 It's just like copying a JSON file somewhere.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00077-00030770-00030938 But I understand why they're doing it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00078-00030938-00031633 The reason they're doing it is that they don't want to lose you if you're starting using
0_AFfpaMxzu-00079-00031633-00032407 Flutter and Firebase, and you realize how much extra bureaucratic steps you need to
0_AFfpaMxzu-00080-00032407-00032657 make in order for this to work.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00081-00032657-00032792 So that's cool.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00082-00032792-00033120 Blah blah blah.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00083-00033120-00033355 Firebase UI is interesting.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00084-00033355-00034279 Again, if you need authentication or some real time database, and maybe you don't care
0_AFfpaMxzu-00085-00034279-00035084 that much about customization, they you can get, for example, a sign-in page like this
0_AFfpaMxzu-00086-00035084-00035198 almost for free.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00087-00035198-00035409 This is the code for this.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00088-00035409-00035740 And you get this, and it also works on desktop.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00089-00035740-00035917 Pretty cool.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00090-00035917-00036630 You can also say, hey, I want contacts from here, and it basically builds your UI for
0_AFfpaMxzu-00091-00036630-00036730 you.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00092-00036730-00037161 So, FlutterFire UI or whatever it's called, really nice.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00093-00037161-00037293 Yes yes yes.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00094-00037293-00037694 Another one with Firebase.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00095-00037694-00038356 I find it very interesting because it seems to me a little bit ugly if you have a really
0_AFfpaMxzu-00096-00038356-00039201 nice app, if you have good code, where you have something like a Person that is a
0_AFfpaMxzu-00097-00039201-00039929 typed class, and things are sane there, and you know that a Person has a name and an age,
0_AFfpaMxzu-00098-00039929-00040599 and then you kind of have to (without the new Object Document Mapping), you have to
0_AFfpaMxzu-00099-00040599-00041400 somehow connect it to this real time database, which is basically a HashMap, a huge JSON
0_AFfpaMxzu-00100-00041400-00041967 thing, where anything can happen.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00101-00041967-00042194 It's terrible!
0_AFfpaMxzu-00102-00042194-00042551 I mean, it's nice for prototyping.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00103-00042551-00043129 But, at some point, you're like, I want persons to have names and ages and that's it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00104-00043129-00043305 Now they allow you to do it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00105-00043305-00044127 You can be like, oh, I have this class, and just please do it for me, and put that class,
0_AFfpaMxzu-00106-00044127-00044554 or instances of that class, as a collection on the Firebase database.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00107-00044554-00044665 Cool.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00108-00044665-00044776 Alright.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00109-00044776-00044980 Desktop, still not stable.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00110-00044980-00045201 I think that's a good call.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00111-00045201-00045928 Because, I would hate for them to go too quickly to stable when it's not really stable yet.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00112-00045928-00046369 So, more internationalization support, like Kanji and stuff like this.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00113-00046369-00047111 This is really, really really needed if you want to launch something internationally.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00114-00047111-00047318 So yeah, that's a big deal.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00115-00047318-00047913 They're also generally looking at keyboard intensive desktop apps.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00116-00047913-00048788 For example, things like widgets that eat keyboard events and don't let them bubble
0_AFfpaMxzu-00117-00048788-00049248 down (or whatever it's called).
0_AFfpaMxzu-00118-00049248-00049511 That's good for... maybe even for games.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00119-00049511-00049678 I don't know.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00120-00049678-00050286 But it's definitely good for desktop apps where people actually write stuff on their
0_AFfpaMxzu-00121-00050286-00050386 keyboards.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00122-00050386-00050536 Also, visual density, right?
0_AFfpaMxzu-00123-00050536-00050900 You don't want apps on your mobile phone...
0_AFfpaMxzu-00124-00050900-00051604 I mean, you don't want apps on your desktop to look like it's a mobile app that's just
0_AFfpaMxzu-00125-00051604-00051870 running in a window.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00126-00051870-00052002 And that's visual density.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00127-00052002-00052432 Most of it is how dense this is.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00128-00052432-00052779 A name-drop of Canonical, the makers of Ubuntu.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00129-00052779-00052973 Always nice to see.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00130-00052973-00053380 And then, DartPad has more packages in it now.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00131-00053380-00053711 You can actually import packages.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00132-00053711-00054282 That's not completely new but now you have packages like bloc and riverpod, which is
0_AFfpaMxzu-00133-00054282-00054970 state management, collection (that is, low level stuff that you really want sometimes),
0_AFfpaMxzu-00134-00054970-00055616 and google_fonts is real nice because you can use Google Fonts in your app.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00135-00055616-00056352 I mean, you will not build your next billion-dollar app in DartPad.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00136-00056352-00057069 But for sketches and for sharing, I think this is really great.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00137-00057069-00057282 Especially the Google Fonts stuff.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00138-00057282-00057624 Cool, cool, cool.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00139-00057624-00057949 And, they got rid of the dev channel.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00140-00057949-00058404 So, before we had stable, beta, dev and master.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00141-00058404-00058980 And they realized that only about 3% developers are actually using dev, and it takes a lot
0_AFfpaMxzu-00142-00058980-00059219 of effort to keep it running.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00143-00059219-00059512 So they were like: hey, let's just have stable, beta and master.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00144-00059512-00059641 I think it's a good call.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00145-00059641-00060046 I won't miss dev channel.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00146-00060046-00060348 If you're like most developers you will want to stay with stable.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00147-00060348-00060711 90% of developers use that.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00148-00060711-00060889 If you're more adventurous, beta.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00149-00060889-00061791 And if you're really adventurous, master, which is literally changing every few minutes.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00150-00061791-00062099 Anyway, some breaking changes.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00151-00062099-00062373 From the looks of it, nothing big.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00152-00062373-00062666 And they have a migration guide so, that's cool.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00153-00062666-00063247 And, in the summary, they name-drop the community, which is always nice to hear and see.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00154-00063247-00063462 So, thanks for watching.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00155-00063462-00063757 I hope I saved you some time and this was interesting.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00156-00063757-00063929 See you next time.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00157-00063929-00064391 Oh, and because someone is bound to ask, this is not from a fight.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00158-00064391-00064761 Although, technically, it is from a fight.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00159-00064761-00065563 So, I was playing with my kid, and he made a sword out of a structural toy, and then
0_AFfpaMxzu-00160-00065563-00065781 he swung it at me.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00161-00065781-00066912 The toy fell apart, and most of the sword just flew right into my eye.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00162-00066912-00067238 It didn't hurt that much.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00163-00067238-00067461 I was actually completely oblivious to it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00164-00067461-00067668 I was like, is this blood?
0_AFfpaMxzu-00165-00067668-00067794 So, yeah.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00166-00067794-00067894 That's it.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00167-00067894-00068489 I wish I could say, like, I was fighting with a crocodile or whatever but...
0_AFfpaMxzu-00168-00068489-00068664 I was just playing with the kid.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00169-00068664-00068807 And that happened.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00170-00068807-00069351 It really looks much worse than it actually is.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00171-00069351-00069461 It's going to be fine.
0_AFfpaMxzu-00172-00069461-00069822 But, thanks for the interest, if you had any.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00000-00002700-00002900 For my particular teaching style I think it’s the 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00001-00002900-00003650 most important thing because I really rely on 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00002-00003650-00004000 student feedback to validate not so much what 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00003-00004000-00004300 I’m trying to get across but how I’m getting it across.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00004-00004300-00004600 I have a very good idea of what I would like 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00005-00004600-00004850 my students to know at the end of the class.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00006-00004850-00005100 And rather than waiting till the three times 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00007-00005100-00005300 a year that you can run just a simple test 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00008-00005300-00005850 or something, your basic exam, I think having 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00009-00005850-00006000 students in a position where they’re 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00010-00006000-00006250 comfortable enough to say ‘I don’t know’ 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00011-00006250-00006600 or ‘I don’t agree’ is important.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00012-00006600-00007050 Ways that I try and break down the barriers 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00013-00007050-00007350 that exist in any classroom when you walk in, 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00014-00007350-00007600 at least with students who don’t know you, 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00015-00007600-00008000 is to be as casual as possible in the class.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00016-00008000-00008300 I know it’s hard to believe looking at me here.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00017-00008300-00008600 You need to reduce, as much as possible, 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00018-00008600-00009050 any unnecessary barriers in terms of dialogue.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00019-00009050-00009400 The area that I teach in is technically quite 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00020-00009400-00009800 sophisticated, it’s full of Latin and Greek 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00021-00009800-00010200 anatomical terms, and it’s easy to engage in 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00022-00010200-00010500 what I call ‘neural-geeky-speaky’ 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00023-00010500-00010750 and the students are just looking at me like, 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00024-00010750-00011000 ‘what planet is this person from?’
0BkFIxNcsuM-00025-00011000-00011300 So I kind of warn students that the area is kind 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00026-00011300-00011600 of like that and what I hope is that by the end 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00027-00011600-00011800 of the quarter we’ve all progressed enough, 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00028-00011800-00012000 especially them, to the point where I can do that 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00029-00012000-00012200 and they’ll understand.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00030-00012200-00012400 But early on in the quarter, when I don’t speak 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00031-00012400-00012700 in plain English, they'll not be afraid to say, 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00032-00012700-00012900 ‘You know what, I have no idea what you just said 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00033-00012900-00013100 or what that means.’
0BkFIxNcsuM-00034-00013100-00013400 And I can go back and clarify for them.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00035-00013400-00013700 I typically give out copies of my electro-notes, 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00036-00013700-00014000 I make them available on Blackboard and 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00037-00014000-00014200 the reason I do that is that the students will 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00038-00014200-00014600 have an idea of what I think is important in the 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00039-00014600-00015000 assigned readings for that day in an outlined form.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00040-00015000-00015169 And because they already know that it gives me 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00041-00015169-00015450 the freedom to think on my feet, to throw in 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00042-00015450-00015800 anecdotes and stories, other things that from 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00043-00015800-00016000 outside the reading and it also gives them 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00044-00016000-00016300 a chance to steer the discussion to things 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00045-00016300-00016400 that they’re interested in.  
0BkFIxNcsuM-00046-00016400-00016600 At the end of the class, no matter what goes on 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00047-00016600-00016800 in the class, the students will have that nutshell 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00048-00016800-00017400 of the lecture notes and then, literally for every 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00049-00017400-00017600 class, the clothes are a little bit different.
0BkFIxNcsuM-00050-00017600-00017800 The lecture notes are the skeleton 
0BkFIxNcsuM-00051-00017800-00018060 and then we dress it up how we see fit.
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00000-00000006-00000564 This area submerged in water is so vast that even the imagination of which is beyond our
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00001-00000564-00001194 comprehension, only then the theory of Bermuda Triangle comes to the fore, and sometimes it takes
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00002-00001194-00002088 us years to find a lost aircraft like MH 370. One such story is also of Titanic. Even after
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00003-00002088-00002664 73 years of its sinking, it is not known where it is finally submerged in the depths of the ocean
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00004-00002664-00003432 and today even after 35 years of its discovery, it has not been removed from the sea. Today we will
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00005-00003432-00004014 not talk about the accident shown in the film, but today we will definitely raise the question
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00006-00004014-00004794 raised after that accident. Hello and welcome to this new episode of mr.factsy. We know about the
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00007-00004794-00005484 accident that happened with the Royal Mail steamer Titanic, which was once called Unsinkable ship,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00008-00005484-00006000 and this base is also a movie and if you have not seen this Oscar winner movie,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00009-00006000-00006773 then definitely watch it. After the Titanic sank in the sea in 1911, many attempts were
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00010-00006773-00007518 made to find it, but these missions failed one after the other, similarly 73 years passed but
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00011-00007518-00008424 one day suddenly it was found. In the year 1885, famous ocenographer and archaeologist and US Navy
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00012-00008424-00009312 officer Robert Ballard finally found Titanic. This debris of Titanic was found 400 miles southeast of
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00013-00009312-00010044 Newfoundland. This discovery of Titanic raised many new questions by taking it out of the womb
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00014-00010044-00010806 of history. This ship, broken in two parts, was found in the depth of 12500 feet of the sea. But
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00015-00010806-00011544 The official report says that when this ship sank it was intec but why did this ship break in two
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00016-00011544-00012180 parts in the sea? According to Titanic The New Evidence Documentary, Titanic was not submerged
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00017-00012180-00013038 by icebuge but by fire in the ship. Friends, when Titanic was found, things like metal, porcelain,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00018-00013038-00013824 gems and red wine on the ship were taken out from its wreck, but the Titanic ship was not taken out.
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00019-00013884-00014562 His wreck has not been fully recovered till date. But friends, the secrets of Titanic would also
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00020-00014562-00015216 be revealed if Titanic could get out, and if research was done on it. If this had happened,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00021-00015216-00015990 then we would have got a lot of information about Titanic and its accident. But the friend Titanic
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00022-00015990-00016656 was not removed and the mystery of the biggest mystery accident of this century remains a mystery
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00023-00016656-00017310 even today. After all, why even after all the efforts and technology, Titanic could not be
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00024-00017310-00018006 pulled out of the water even today. Why could the Titanic not be pulled out intentionally and why is
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00025-00018006-00018792 it still buried in the depths of the ocean? When we studied, we came to know that it was not that
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00026-00018792-00019584 the Titanic was not tried to be taken out. When it was discovered in 1975, its condition was not like
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00027-00019584-00020334 a ship, now Titanic can see this old picture. It was a wreck in the name of the ship. According to
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00028-00020334-00021102 experts, this ship had hit the icebug on the sea floor with a forceful force whose feel was felt
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00029-00021102-00021726 by the people there. So it was not possible to pull it out by direct wire or take it out
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00030-00021726-00022422 in the traditional way. It was like taking out the biscuits kept in the coffee for a long time.
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00031-00022482-00023046 In such a situation, the first suggestion came that Titanic should be taken out with the help
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00032-00023046-00023682 of Submarine and Magnet, but there were some problems in front of this project, which was
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00033-00023682-00024396 the main Titanic's weight, Titanic's weight was 143 million tons and water pressure would have
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00034-00024396-00025140 increased its weight manifold. Is. Titanic was present at a depth of 12500 feet. At such a depth,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00035-00025140-00025932 the water pressure is so much that a force of about 120 miles is required to take out only 1
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00036-00025932-00026544 centimeter squre piece. Then there were neither such powerful magnets nor submarines that could
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00037-00026544-00027162 pull so much weight. Even at the beginning of the 21st century, scientists did not have
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00038-00027162-00027852 any concrete plans to take out Titanic, but for this some people were thinking of its unusewal
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00039-00027852-00028554 ways. . And there some people gave weird ideas like getting out of the balloon too. The plane
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00040-00028554-00029262 was that the hydrogen-filled balloon would be tied to the Titanic, he would automatically pull
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00041-00029262-00030036 it up means they wanted to use this bloon as a hot air balloon, but it was easy to talk only. Just
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00042-00030036-00030780 like giving upside-down suggestions, but when it comes to reality, we have to face many questions.
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00043-00030780-00031476 No one had the answer to how to pump those bloons underwating and the matter got stuck again that
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00044-00031476-00032208 the question is many but no one had the answer. An idea also came in these air that the density
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00045-00032208-00032778 of ice is less than the density of water. This is the reason why the ice floats in the cocktail,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00046-00032778-00033468 so one holaz contractor Arthur Hickey suggested converting the Titanic and the water
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00047-00033468-00034116 inside it into icebergs. Due to which it becomes lighter than water and comes to the surface,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00048-00034116-00034788 after which it will be easy to carry it to the shore. A similar idea was also given by American
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00049-00034788-00035466 engineer John Plerce, for this he suggested using liquid nitrogen. The idea was good but according
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00050-00035466-00036198 to the estimates of UK's Gas Industry Company and BOC Group, about 1 million ton pound of nitrogen
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00051-00036198-00036936 was required for this project and the question was also how to carry liquid nitrogen to such a depth
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00052-00036936-00037806 After these questions without arms, legs, head, a Soviet submarine engineer Mikhail Rudnitsky gave
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00053-00037806-00038496 an effective idea to take out the Titanic, Mikhail was known for designing the best submarines. Many
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00054-00038496-00039120 of his submarines had also participated in the World War, Mikhail presented his project after
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00055-00039120-00039654 deep calculation to take out the Titanic. He said that in order to take out the Titanic,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00056-00039654-00040224 first of all its dirt would have to be cleaned because due to it being in the water for years,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00057-00040224-00040860 a lot of selt has accumulated on it. Which is very important to clean, for these power full
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00058-00040860-00041388 automatic insulater was needed which would clean the ship. After cleaning the ship,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00059-00041388-00042114 Titanic will be attached to a ponton boat with heavy duty cable and all this will be done by
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00060-00042114-00042792 the machine itself. After this the next step was to arrange such a submarine whose tank could be
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00061-00042792-00043470 filled with gas and it would also be safe. In this way a huge amount of electricity was required for
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00062-00043470-00044118 the operation. According to mikhail, about 200 MegaWatt will be required in this project. That
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00063-00044118-00044670 project would also require a full flash plant. Such a power plant can be built on the surface
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00064-00044670-00045318 of the water, but it will not make sense in the future Although a floating power plant
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00065-00045318-00046014 in itself would have been an unbelievable idea, the cable going to such a depth could break at
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00066-00046014-00046698 any time due to high pressure as it had to be 12000ft. under water. Therefore the engineer
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00067-00046698-00047364 suggested that a nuclear power plant should be installed in the submarine itself. There were
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00068-00047364-00048048 many arguments on this but nothing was finalized. In this way, the mission was put on hold till the
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00069-00048048-00048678 Advance Equipment and Proper Budget was not made to complete it. Many proposals were made
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00070-00048678-00049338 to recover Titanic. But sometimes due to lack of budget, sometimes due to technical challenge, no
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00071-00049338-00050034 plan was successful. Friends, any company puts in such a big project only then it has some benefit,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00072-00050034-00050592 before how to take out the Titanic, there was a need to answer the question why it should
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00073-00050592-00051228 be taken out because whatever valuables were in the Titanic, it was taken out. You suppose that
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00074-00051228-00051894 if someone took it out of the water by investing crores of rupees, will he be able to recover the
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00075-00051894-00052632 money he invested? And the Titanic is taken out and a museum is made even then it will take many
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00076-00052632-00053244 years to make the return of investment. Although there are many emotions associated with this ship,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00077-00053244-00053760 but in such a situation no one would like to take such a big risk. Friends,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00078-00053760-00054474 it has been more than 100 years since Titanic sank and in so many years the bacteria present
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00079-00054474-00055236 in the sea are slowly eating it. It is also being estimated that these Hungarian bacteria
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00080-00055236-00055998 will completely disappear this sheep by the year 2030, not only this, many marine creatures
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00081-00055998-00056754 have made their nest in it. UNESCO declared this sheep as a protected site of Underwater Culture
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00082-00056754-00057372 Heritage in the year 2001. Talking about the present, the situation of Titanic has become
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00083-00057372-00058104 such that a new ship can be bought for as much as it will cost to take it out. Therefore, friends,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00084-00058104-00058794 the conclusion of all these things is that Titanic could not be pulled out till now and may never
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00085-00058794-00059508 be taken out. Because point number 1 Titanic is in such a bad state that if you drop it at all,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00086-00059508-00060264 it will shatter like dust. Number two, due to this ship being very deep, it can be quite risky
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00087-00060264-00061055 to go and work there. No. 3 What will we do by taking it out? So it can be said that Titanic
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00088-00061055-00061596 can never be recovered. It has been more than 30 years after the discovery of its debris,
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00089-00061596-00062328 even then scientists think that the remains of Titanic will not have much time left, but it is
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00090-00062328-00063048 also true that even if such water disappears and Even though its name may not be a trace, yet the
0ET9Nzm-aW0-00091-00063048-00063672 story of Titanic and its mystery will attract the attention of many generations to come.
0FpesKtzyT4-00000-00000166-00000942 So welcome everyone to Hing Ong's dissertation defense
0FpesKtzyT4-00001-00000942-00001580 Hing came to us with a Master of Science degree from Taiwan
0FpesKtzyT4-00002-00001580-00002038 And he didn't start out initially in my group
0FpesKtzyT4-00003-00002038-00002650 I knew of him only from his original application to the department
0FpesKtzyT4-00004-00002650-00003306 And just before he started in my group
0FpesKtzyT4-00005-00003306-00003994 I woke up around 2:00 a.m. with my phone buzzing me for incoming emails
0FpesKtzyT4-00006-00003994-00004202 And I don't always look at these
0FpesKtzyT4-00007-00004202-00004618 But I popped up and turned it on curiously
0FpesKtzyT4-00008-00004618-00005708 I found him asking me to advise him on his PhD in tropical large-scale dynamics
0FpesKtzyT4-00009-00005708-00005960 At the time, as I said, I didn't know him very well
0FpesKtzyT4-00010-00005960-00006066 But I'd seen his application
0FpesKtzyT4-00011-00006066-00006848 And I knew he was a fantastic student with a great record
0FpesKtzyT4-00012-00006848-00007242 In the months following
0FpesKtzyT4-00013-00007242-00007686 Hing was, I think, the fastest student I've ever had
0FpesKtzyT4-00014-00007686-00008458 in terms of turning out papers from the start of joining the research group
0FpesKtzyT4-00015-00008458-00008814 He, as I said, he did have a master's degree to start with
0FpesKtzyT4-00016-00008814-00009412 But he's always been quick studying
0FpesKtzyT4-00017-00009412-00010056 And works really hard oftentimes in the middle of the night to get things done
0FpesKtzyT4-00018-00010056-00011024 So it's the first time obviously we've done dissertation defenses in this way
0FpesKtzyT4-00019-00011024-00011614 The first part is as it's always been the public portion
0FpesKtzyT4-00020-00011614-00011954 Hing will provide his presentation for us
0FpesKtzyT4-00021-00011954-00012398 And I ask that you please hold your questions until the end
0FpesKtzyT4-00022-00012398-00013202 If you have questions that are brief clarifications
0FpesKtzyT4-00023-00013202-00013838 then you address them to me in the chat
0FpesKtzyT4-00024-00013838-00014080 And so I'll be able to take a look at them
0FpesKtzyT4-00025-00014080-00014216 and then assess whether either
0FpesKtzyT4-00026-00014216-00014640 I can respond myself with a quick clarification
0FpesKtzyT4-00027-00014640-00015018 or suggest that you wait to the end
0FpesKtzyT4-00028-00015018-00015597 or I will step in for a moment and ask Hing to address the question
0FpesKtzyT4-00029-00015597-00015991 depending on the nature of it
0FpesKtzyT4-00030-00015991-00016538 Please if you can wait till the very end with those
0FpesKtzyT4-00031-00016538-00017012 So we plan on the presentation taking roughly 45 minutes
0FpesKtzyT4-00032-00017012-00017506 We'll have about 15 minutes of questions from the public
0FpesKtzyT4-00033-00017506-00018054 after which we'll dismiss everyone but the committee
0FpesKtzyT4-00034-00018054-00018582 The committee consists of myself, Brian Rose, Rob Fovell,
0FpesKtzyT4-00035-00018582-00018912 and our visitor from NCAR, Bill Skamarock
0FpesKtzyT4-00036-00018912-00019434 And we specially appreciate his participation here
0FpesKtzyT4-00037-00019434-00019954 And with that, we'll let you take off
0FpesKtzyT4-00038-00019954-00020218 Thank you, Paul
0FpesKtzyT4-00039-00020218-00020588 It's my pleasure to present my dissertation on
0FpesKtzyT4-00040-00020588-00021232 The significance of the nontraditional Coriolis terms in tropical large-scale dynamics
0FpesKtzyT4-00041-00021232-00021544 For those calling in while viewing my offline slides
0FpesKtzyT4-00042-00021544-00021942 I will say the present slide number out loud
0FpesKtzyT4-00043-00021942-00022238 Slide number 2
0FpesKtzyT4-00044-00022238-00022494 Like many other atmospheric scientists
0FpesKtzyT4-00045-00022494-00022880 I used to believe that in our weather and climate models
0FpesKtzyT4-00046-00022880-00023262 large-scale dynamics are well represented
0FpesKtzyT4-00047-00023262-00023588 because we build our models upon equations
0FpesKtzyT4-00048-00023588-00024012 known to govern the motion of large-scale flow
0FpesKtzyT4-00049-00024012-00024386 And what needs improvement is to represent
0FpesKtzyT4-00050-00024386-00025064 how the statistics of physical processes respond and feedback to large-scale flow
0FpesKtzyT4-00051-00025064-00025570 For example, we need to improve convective parameterization
0FpesKtzyT4-00052-00025570-00026056 which represent the statistics of convective processes
0FpesKtzyT4-00053-00026056-00026382 So I used to study convective parameterization
0FpesKtzyT4-00054-00026382-00026848 And I had a paper published about it three years ago
0FpesKtzyT4-00055-00026848-00027268 That was right before I came to SUNY Albany
0FpesKtzyT4-00056-00027268-00027533 However, two years ago
0FpesKtzyT4-00057-00027533-00027936 when I was looking for a new research topic
0FpesKtzyT4-00058-00027936-00028408 I reconsidered this question
0FpesKtzyT4-00059-00028408-00029144 Are large-scale atmospheric dynamics well represented in our models?
0FpesKtzyT4-00060-00029144-00029445 The result of this dissertation suggests
0FpesKtzyT4-00061-00029445-00029812 slide number 3, no
0FpesKtzyT4-00062-00029812-00030124 because the nontraditional Coriolis terms are omitted
0FpesKtzyT4-00063-00030124-00030570 in most of the current global atmospheric models
0FpesKtzyT4-00064-00030570-00030988 The nontraditional Coriolis terms are terms in the momentum equation that
0FpesKtzyT4-00065-00030988-00031536 turn eastward motion upward and upward motion westward
0FpesKtzyT4-00066-00031536-00031858 And vice versa
0FpesKtzyT4-00067-00031858-00032104 They are usually omitted
0FpesKtzyT4-00068-00032104-00032718 However, this dissertation and a few previous papers suggest that
0FpesKtzyT4-00069-00032718-00033044 the nontraditional Coriolis terms are considerable
0FpesKtzyT4-00070-00033044-00033756 in tropical large-scale dynamics in terms of these three aspects
0FpesKtzyT4-00071-00033756-00034032 (First,) flow response to heat sources
0FpesKtzyT4-00072-00034032-00034580 Second, hypsometric relation or pressure-height relation
0FpesKtzyT4-00073-00034580-00035132 Third, equatorial wave propagation mechanism
0FpesKtzyT4-00074-00035132-00035592 The results encourage restoring the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00075-00035592-00036044 into the models for more-accurate simulations of
0FpesKtzyT4-00076-00036044-00036406 MJO, the Madden-Julian oscillation
0FpesKtzyT4-00077-00036406-00036938 CCEWs, the convectively coupled equatorial waves
0FpesKtzyT4-00078-00036938-00037404 and flow response *to* the ITCZ
0FpesKtzyT4-00079-00037404-00038538 flow forced by the ITCZ, the intertropical convergence zone
0FpesKtzyT4-00080-00038538-00038904 You may wonder what made me consider such a question
0FpesKtzyT4-00081-00038904-00039186 Slide number 4
0FpesKtzyT4-00082-00039186-00039608 I started from examining the equations
0FpesKtzyT4-00083-00039608-00040122 what's shown here are the fully nonhydrostatic momentum equations
0FpesKtzyT4-00084-00040122-00040434 used by only few models including
0FpesKtzyT4-00085-00040434-00041250 UK Met Office's Unified Model, Japanese NICAM, and US Navy's NUMA
0FpesKtzyT4-00086-00041250-00041478 The yellow terms here
0FpesKtzyT4-00087-00041478-00042056 Yellow terms are the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00088-00042056-00042570 They have a factor of 2 Omega cosine latitude
0FpesKtzyT4-00089-00042570-00043230 which is associated with the meridional projection of planetary vorticity
0FpesKtzyT4-00090-00043230-00043690 And they are maximized at the equator
0FpesKtzyT4-00091-00043690-00044098 Then, slide number 5
0FpesKtzyT4-00092-00044098-00044584 These are the quasi-hydrostatic momentum equations
0FpesKtzyT4-00093-00044584-00045230 used by earlier generations of UK Met Office's Unified Model
0FpesKtzyT4-00094-00045230-00046460 Compare slide number 4 and 5
0FpesKtzyT4-00095-00046460-00047118 The quasi-hydrostatic equations omit the vertical acceleration terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00096-00047118-00047400 which makes sense because in 1995
0FpesKtzyT4-00097-00047400-00047746 White and Bromley's scale analysis suggests that
0FpesKtzyT4-00098-00047746-00048210 the vertical acceleration term is the smallest term
0FpesKtzyT4-00099-00048210-00048712 in the vertical momentum equation for large-scale flow
0FpesKtzyT4-00100-00048712-00049126 Then, slide number 6
0FpesKtzyT4-00101-00049126-00049546 These are the hydrostatic primitive equations
0FpesKtzyT4-00102-00049546-00049972 used by most of the current global atmospheric models
0FpesKtzyT4-00103-00049972-00050530 Compare slide number 5 and 6
0FpesKtzyT4-00104-00050530-00051326 Notice first here and here. Note that
0FpesKtzyT4-00105-00051326-00051974 the vertical momentum equation reduces to the hydrostatic equation
0FpesKtzyT4-00106-00051974-00052417 while one of the nontraditional Coriolis terms is omitted
0FpesKtzyT4-00107-00052417-00053008 Then the other nontraditional Coriolis term in the zonal momentum equation
0FpesKtzyT4-00108-00053008-00053396 must be omitted for energy conservation
0FpesKtzyT4-00109-00053396-00053886 So to use the hydrostatic approximation is one of the reasons that
0FpesKtzyT4-00110-00053886-00054229 people omit the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00111-00054229-00054420 which makes sense because the balance
0FpesKtzyT4-00112-00054420-00054800 between the perturbation pressure gradient and the buoyancy
0FpesKtzyT4-00113-00054800-00055229 is the leading order balance in the vertical
0FpesKtzyT4-00114-00055229-00055478 So far everything makes sense
0FpesKtzyT4-00115-00055478-00055702 Slide number 7
0FpesKtzyT4-00116-00055702-00056082 These are the nonhydrostatic primitive equations
0FpesKtzyT4-00117-00056082-00056344 used by many models on the pathway
0FpesKtzyT4-00118-00056344-00056728 toward relaxing the hydrostatic approximation
0FpesKtzyT4-00119-00056728-00057558 Compare slide number 6 and 7
0FpesKtzyT4-00120-00057558-00057882 Vertical acceleration term is restored
0FpesKtzyT4-00121-00057882-00058328 But the nontraditional Coriolis terms are not
0FpesKtzyT4-00122-00058328-00058674 So slide number 8
0FpesKtzyT4-00123-00058674-00058934 According to a scale analysis
0FpesKtzyT4-00124-00058934-00059291 Vertical acceleration term is far smaller
0FpesKtzyT4-00125-00059291-00059588 than the vertical nontraditional Coriolis term
0FpesKtzyT4-00126-00059588-00060402 for a horizontal length scale of 100 km or larger
0FpesKtzyT4-00127-00060402-00060667 However, in many models
0FpesKtzyT4-00128-00060667-00061154 on the pathway toward relaxing the hydrostatic approximation
0FpesKtzyT4-00129-00061154-00061448 the vertical acceleration term is included
0FpesKtzyT4-00130-00061448-00061829 while the nontraditional Coriolis terms are omitted
0FpesKtzyT4-00131-00061829-00062476 This inconsistency motivates me to ask this question
0FpesKtzyT4-00132-00062476-00063544 Is there insufficiency in omitting the nontraditional Coriolis terms?
0FpesKtzyT4-00133-00063544-00063844 Before I move on, I reviewed some papers
0FpesKtzyT4-00134-00063844-00064084 slide number 9
0FpesKtzyT4-00135-00064084-00064384 The general idea of these papers is
0FpesKtzyT4-00136-00064384-00064658 to compare the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00137-00064658-00065020 to the leading order terms for scale analyses
0FpesKtzyT4-00138-00065020-00065586 and to compare biases due to omitting the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00139-00065588-00066372 to results with or without the nontraditional Coriolis terms for model simulations
0FpesKtzyT4-00140-00066372-00066978 For tropical diabatic-forced large-scales flow
0FpesKtzyT4-00141-00066978-00067310 White and Bromley's scale analyses suggest that
0FpesKtzyT4-00142-00067310-00067886 the nontraditional Coriolis terms are 10% of the leading order terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00143-00067886-00068558 which are the traditional Coriolis in the zonal and the buoyancy in the vertical
0FpesKtzyT4-00144-00068558-00069082 Hayashi and Itoh's linear forced-dissipative model simulations suggest that
0FpesKtzyT4-00145-00069082-00069844 the nontraditional Coriolis terms contribute 10% of the resulting wind and pressure
0FpesKtzyT4-00146-00069844-00070136 Hayashi and Itoh's forced
0FpesKtzyT4-00147-00070136-00070366 So in their paper
0FpesKtzyT4-00148-00070366-00070798 They force the model by a prescribed heat source
0FpesKtzyT4-00149-00070798-00071686 that propagates eastward along the equator in an intraseasonal timescale
0FpesKtzyT4-00150-00071686-00072068 Accordingly, slide number 10
0FpesKtzyT4-00151-00072068-00072648 In this dissertation, I further addressed these three questions
0FpesKtzyT4-00152-00072648-00073244 In Chapter 2, how do the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect
0FpesKtzyT4-00153-00073244-00073630 flow response to heat sources?
0FpesKtzyT4-00154-00073630-00074240 In Chapter 3, how do the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect
0FpesKtzyT4-00155-00074240-00074744 hypsometric relation or the pressure-height relation?
0FpesKtzyT4-00156-00074744-00075266 In Chapter 4, how do the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect
0FpesKtzyT4-00157-00075266-00075790 equatorial wave propagation mechanism?
0FpesKtzyT4-00158-00075790-00076062 I'll first show the flow response
0FpesKtzyT4-00159-00076062-00076366 Slide number 11
0FpesKtzyT4-00160-00076366-00076714 I formulated a linear forced-dissipative model
0FpesKtzyT4-00161-00076714-00077226 that can switch the nontraditional Coriolis terms on and off
0FpesKtzyT4-00162-00077226-00077606 which is similar to Hayashi and Itoh's model
0FpesKtzyT4-00163-00077606-00078064 I forced the model with an ITCZ-like heat source
0FpesKtzyT4-00164-00078064-00078432 which is steady and zonally symmetric
0FpesKtzyT4-00165-00078432-00078762 And because it is steady and zonally symmetric
0FpesKtzyT4-00166-00078762-00079356 I am allowed to make my model simpler than Hayashi and Itoh's model
0FpesKtzyT4-00167-00079356-00080374 And here shows the meridional vertical distribution of
0FpesKtzyT4-00168-00080374-00081310 meridional velocity contoured and vertical velocity shaded
0FpesKtzyT4-00169-00081310-00081502 As a sanity check
0FpesKtzyT4-00170-00081502-00082024 the vertical velocity is nearly proportional to the prescribed heating rate
0FpesKtzyT4-00171-00082024-00082484 So I put my heating rate here prescribed
0FpesKtzyT4-00172-00082484-00083370 And there is an in-up-out Hadley-like circulation
0FpesKtzyT4-00173-00083370-00083730 Then, slide number 12
0FpesKtzyT4-00174-00083730-00084134 Here shows the meridional vertical distribution of
0FpesKtzyT4-00175-00084134-00084668 zonal velocity with the nontraditional Coriolis terms contoured
0FpesKtzyT4-00176-00084668-00085356 So there are subtropical jet maxima here and here
0FpesKtzyT4-00177-00085356-00085820 associated with the Hadley-like circulation
0FpesKtzyT4-00178-00085820-00086576 the shading denotes the zonal velocity difference
0FpesKtzyT4-00179-00086576-00086988 without the nontraditional Coriolis terms minus with
0FpesKtzyT4-00180-00086988-00087284 So the shading can be interpreted
0FpesKtzyT4-00181-00087284-00087848 as a bias due to omitting the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00182-00087848-00088548 Compare slide number 11 to 12
0FpesKtzyT4-00183-00088548-00089176 We see that a westerly wind bias is located in the heating region
0FpesKtzyT4-00184-00089176-00089706 while the subtropical jet is not affected
0FpesKtzyT4-00185-00089706-00090538 This westerly wind bias here is due to lack of westward nontraditional Coriolis term
0FpesKtzyT4-00186-00090538-00091190 associated with heating-induced upward motion
0FpesKtzyT4-00187-00091190-00091740 I'd like to reemphasize that the heat source is prescribed
0FpesKtzyT4-00188-00091740-00092346 In this case, the ITCZ width is 1,000 km
0FpesKtzyT4-00189-00092346-00093016 and the ITCZ location is 600 km from the equator
0FpesKtzyT4-00190-00093016-00093702 If we divide the maximum westerly bias by the maximum westerly wind
0FpesKtzyT4-00191-00093702-00094082 in the subtropical jet as a normalization
0FpesKtzyT4-00192-00094082-00094458 we get 12% of bias
0FpesKtzyT4-00193-00094458-00094838 Furthermore, slide number 13
0FpesKtzyT4-00194-00094838-00095122 How does the normalized wind bias change
0FpesKtzyT4-00195-00095122-00095580 with the prescribed ITCZ configuration?
0FpesKtzyT4-00196-00095580-00096092 Here the normalized wind bias is plotted on the parameter space of
0FpesKtzyT4-00197-00096092-00096788 ITCZ width and ITCZ location from the equator
0FpesKtzyT4-00198-00096788-00097180 The plus sign here
0FpesKtzyT4-00199-00097180-00097538 The plus sign here denotes what I just showed
0FpesKtzyT4-00200-00097538-00098042 1,000 km wide and 600 km from the equator
0FpesKtzyT4-00201-00098042-00098352 And the normalized wind bias increases
0FpesKtzyT4-00202-00098352-00099170 when the ITCZ is narrower or closer to the equator
0FpesKtzyT4-00203-00099170-00099378 Inspired by these results
0FpesKtzyT4-00204-00099378-00099796 Slide number 14
0FpesKtzyT4-00205-00099796-00100346 how hydrostatic is ITCZ-force flow?
0FpesKtzyT4-00206-00100346-00100984 the traditional measure here to validate the hydrostatic approximation is
0FpesKtzyT4-00207-00100984-00101544 to compare the vertical acceleration term to the buoyancy term
0FpesKtzyT4-00208-00101544-00102334 The scale analysis suggests that the ratio is D-squared / L-squared
0FpesKtzyT4-00209-00102334-00102608 where D denotes characteristic depth
0FpesKtzyT4-00210-00102608-00103028 and L denotes characteristic width
0FpesKtzyT4-00211-00103028-00103722 This ratio is very small for typical ITCZ
0FpesKtzyT4-00212-00103722-00104278 which suggests that ITCZ-forced flow is in hydrostatic balance
0FpesKtzyT4-00213-00104278-00104600 However, the hydrostatic approximation
0FpesKtzyT4-00214-00104600-00104883 not only omits the vertical acceleration term
0FpesKtzyT4-00215-00104883-00105266 but also omits the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00216-00105266-00105846 So an alternative measure for the tropical atmosphere
0FpesKtzyT4-00217-00105846-00106448 is to compare the nontraditional Coriolis terms to the traditional Coriolis
0FpesKtzyT4-00218-00106448-00106792 in the zonal momentum equation
0FpesKtzyT4-00219-00106792-00107320 The scale analysis suggests that the ratio is aD / YL
0FpesKtzyT4-00220-00107320-00107568 where "a" denotes planetary radius
0FpesKtzyT4-00221-00107568-00108111 and Y denotes distance from the equator to the subtropical jet
0FpesKtzyT4-00222-00108111-00108709 For a nonzero Y, we don't consider any jet at the equator
0FpesKtzyT4-00223-00108709-00109122 This ratio can be used to explain
0FpesKtzyT4-00224-00109122-00109411 why the normalized wind bias increases
0FpesKtzyT4-00225-00109411-00109844 when the ITCZ is narrower or closer to the equator
0FpesKtzyT4-00226-00109844-00110502 And it is on the order of 10% for typical ITCZ
0FpesKtzyT4-00227-00110502-00110848 which suggests that the hydrostatic approximation
0FpesKtzyT4-00228-00110848-00111418 is associated with 10% bias in ITCZ-forced flow
0FpesKtzyT4-00229-00111418-00111824 OK. Slide number 15
0FpesKtzyT4-00230-00111824-00112115 We've talked about how the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect
0FpesKtzyT4-00231-00112116-00112722 how flow responds to heat sources
0FpesKtzyT4-00232-00112722-00113032 Note that I prescribed the heat source
0FpesKtzyT4-00233-00113032-00113409 as if I knew the distribution of the heating rate
0FpesKtzyT4-00234-00113409-00113933 In reality, the heating distribution is difficult to simulate
0FpesKtzyT4-00235-00113933-00114474 However, even if we had a perfect representation of
0FpesKtzyT4-00236-00114474-00114722 the statistics of the physical processes
0FpesKtzyT4-00237-00114722-00115394 which simulates the evolution of the heat source perfectly
0FpesKtzyT4-00238-00115394-00115746 the forced flow would still be substantially biased
0FpesKtzyT4-00239-00115746-00116130 if the nontraditional Coriolis terms are omitted
0FpesKtzyT4-00240-00116130-00116256 With that in mind
0FpesKtzyT4-00241-00116256-00117304 Let's move on to the hypsometric relation or the pressure-height relation
0FpesKtzyT4-00242-00117304-00117600 Slide number 16
0FpesKtzyT4-00243-00117600-00117902 I'll start with a schematic
0FpesKtzyT4-00244-00117902-00118456 Consider a zonal vertical space
0FpesKtzyT4-00245-00118456-00118802 Given the pressure at the sea surface
0FpesKtzyT4-00246-00118802-00119272 we can estimate the height of a pressure level aloft
0FpesKtzyT4-00247-00119272-00119476 As a simple demonstration
0FpesKtzyT4-00248-00119476-00119858 If the density is horizontally homogeneous
0FpesKtzyT4-00249-00119858-00120908 the hydrostatic balance would suggest a flat isobaric surface aloft
0FpesKtzyT4-00250-00120908-00121378 Then, the quasi-hydrostatic balance further introduces
0FpesKtzyT4-00251-00121378-00121894 the nontraditional Coriolis term as a correction to gravity
0FpesKtzyT4-00252-00121894-00122618 Westerly winds are associated with upward nontraditional Coriolis term
0FpesKtzyT4-00253-00122618-00122976 which effectively makes the air lighter
0FpesKtzyT4-00254-00122976-00123506 So it needs a greater thickness between pressure surfaces to balance
0FpesKtzyT4-00255-00123506-00123874 The opposite is true for easterly winds
0FpesKtzyT4-00256-00123874-00124370 Then, slide number 17
0FpesKtzyT4-00257-00124370-00124918 Here is the corrected hypsometric equation
0FpesKtzyT4-00258-00124918-00125456 Most of it is the same as the traditional hypsometric equation
0FpesKtzyT4-00259-00125456-00126252 It means that the thickness between two pressure levels, p2 and p1, equals to
0FpesKtzyT4-00260-00126252-00127135 the integral of gas constant R times virtual temperature Tv divided by gravity
0FpesKtzyT4-00261-00127135-00127661 But the gravity has a correction factor 1 + A
0FpesKtzyT4-00262-00127661-00128298 where the correction A includes the nontraditional Coriolis term
0FpesKtzyT4-00263-00128298-00128840 And it's so-called the Eötvös effect
0FpesKtzyT4-00264-00128840-00129304 The two nontraditional metric terms here are included for completeness
0FpesKtzyT4-00265-00129304-00129740 But they don't make a noticeable difference
0FpesKtzyT4-00266-00129740-00130166 I calculated the height of pressure levels
0FpesKtzyT4-00267-00130166-00130742 using this equation with and without the correction A
0FpesKtzyT4-00268-00130742-00131374 using more than 300,000 selected tropical rawinsonde profiles
0FpesKtzyT4-00269-00131374-00131992 And here, slide number 18, shows some of the results
0FpesKtzyT4-00270-00131992-00132698 The figure shows the probability density of all available data points
0FpesKtzyT4-00271-00132698-00133128 The vertical axis denotes the bias of height
0FpesKtzyT4-00272-00133128-00133806 due to omitting the nontraditional correction at 500 hPa
0FpesKtzyT4-00273-00133806-00134138 In terms of one standard deviation
0FpesKtzyT4-00274-00134138-00134826 the range of height bias is roughly between 0 and half a meter
0FpesKtzyT4-00275-00134826-00135202 And the height bias at 500 hPa
0FpesKtzyT4-00276-00135202-00135902 is negatively correlated with the zonal wind at 700 hPa
0FpesKtzyT4-00277-00135902-00136328 which is plotted on the horizontal axis
0FpesKtzyT4-00278-00136328-00136644 With the linear regression
0FpesKtzyT4-00279-00136644-00137982 An easterly wind of 8 m/s is associated with a positive height bias of half a meter
0FpesKtzyT4-00280-00137982-00138524 which is consistent with the schematic in slide number 16
0FpesKtzyT4-00281-00138524-00138856 Here is the easterly wind
0FpesKtzyT4-00282-00138856-00139690 And above that is the quasi-hydrostatic height
0FpesKtzyT4-00283-00139690-00140358 And the hydrostatic approximation overestimates the height
0FpesKtzyT4-00284-00140358-00140738 Back to slide number 18
0FpesKtzyT4-00285-00140738-00141388 And let's compare the height bias to the height variability
0FpesKtzyT4-00286-00141388-00141878 We used the ERA-interim data in the tropical region
0FpesKtzyT4-00287-00141878-00142242 and filtered for wavenumber 1 to 10
0FpesKtzyT4-00288-00142242-00142996 And the horizontal standard deviation is roughly 10 m at 500 hPa
0FpesKtzyT4-00289-00142996-00143662 So the height bias is on the order of 5% of height variability
0FpesKtzyT4-00290-00143662-00143940 Although such a height bias may be smaller
0FpesKtzyT4-00291-00143940-00144418 than random error in height estimation with rawinsonde
0FpesKtzyT4-00292-00144418-00145018 it points out a source of systemic bias in model initial conditions
0FpesKtzyT4-00293-00145018-00145448 Then, slide number 19
0FpesKtzyT4-00294-00145448-00145816 Knowing that both the vertical nontraditional Coriolis term
0FpesKtzyT4-00295-00145816-00146368 and the buoyancy are contributors to thickness between pressure levels
0FpesKtzyT4-00296-00146368-00147174 Here shows the zonal vertical distribution of these two contributors
0FpesKtzyT4-00297-00147174-00147720 to the variability of thickness associated with the MJO
0FpesKtzyT4-00298-00147720-00148072 The vertical nontraditional Coriolis term *is* contoured
0FpesKtzyT4-00299-00148072-00148402 And the buoyancy is shaded
0FpesKtzyT4-00300-00148402-00148824 These are calculated from the ERA-interim data
0FpesKtzyT4-00301-00148824-00149514 and are regressed upon MJO-filtered tropical rainfall at 90 degree East
0FpesKtzyT4-00302-00149514-00150162 which is marked with the green arrow here
0FpesKtzyT4-00303-00150162-00150686 On the west side of the green arrow
0FpesKtzyT4-00304-00150686-00151078 which is in the rear flank of the active MJO
0FpesKtzyT4-00305-00151078-00151600 there is a region dominated by upward nontraditional Coriolis term
0FpesKtzyT4-00306-00151600-00151916 with weak buoyancy signals
0FpesKtzyT4-00307-00151916-00152330 On the east side
0FpesKtzyT4-00308-00152330-00152782 which is in the forward flank of the active MJO
0FpesKtzyT4-00309-00152782-00153194 there is a region dominated by positive buoyancy
0FpesKtzyT4-00310-00153194-00153738 slightly offset by downward nontraditional Coriolis term
0FpesKtzyT4-00311-00153738-00154216 In terms of the maxima of absolute values
0FpesKtzyT4-00312-00154216-00155000 the vertical nontraditional Coriolis term is roughly 5% of the buoyancy
0FpesKtzyT4-00313-00155000-00155462 OK. Slide number 20
0FpesKtzyT4-00314-00155462-00156114 We've talked about how the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect hypsometric relation
0FpesKtzyT4-00315-00156114-00156814 Note that I used surface pressure as a lower bound for upward integration
0FpesKtzyT4-00316-00156814-00157150 because I used rawinsonde data
0FpesKtzyT4-00317-00157150-00157758 For model data assimilation, however
0FpesKtzyT4-00318-00157758-00158188 Such a reliable reference level does not exist
0FpesKtzyT4-00319-00158188-00158836 So a thickness bias can contribute to height bias above or below
0FpesKtzyT4-00320-00158836-00159248 Also note that the random error in rawinsonde observation
0FpesKtzyT4-00321-00159248-00159670 may be larger than the systemic bias here
0FpesKtzyT4-00322-00159670-00160128 However, even if the winds, pressure, temperature, and moisture contents
0FpesKtzyT4-00323-00160128-00160786 were all well perfectly observed
0FpesKtzyT4-00324-00160786-00161264 the assimulated height would still be substantially biased
0FpesKtzyT4-00325-00161264-00161624 if the nontraditional Coriolis terms are omitted
0FpesKtzyT4-00326-00161624-00161790 With that in mind
0FpesKtzyT4-00327-00161790-00162224 Let's move on to the equatorial wave propagation mechanism
0FpesKtzyT4-00328-00162224-00162580 Slide number 21
0FpesKtzyT4-00329-00162580-00163116 I'll start with the structure of an analytical solution of a wave
0FpesKtzyT4-00330-00163116-00163730 Here shows the zonal vertical distribution of
0FpesKtzyT4-00331-00163730-00164164 its mass stream function along the equator
0FpesKtzyT4-00332-00164164-00164458 In the tropical atmosphere
0FpesKtzyT4-00333-00164458-00164738 adiabatic warming or cooling is usually
0FpesKtzyT4-00334-00164738-00165132 partially offset by diabetic cooling or heating
0FpesKtzyT4-00335-00165132-00165474 which reduces the buoyancy generated
0FpesKtzyT4-00336-00165474-00166026 Let's first consider an extreme case where adiabatic and diabetic effects
0FpesKtzyT4-00337-00166026-00166554 completely offset each other leaving no buoyancy
0FpesKtzyT4-00338-00166554-00166836 Under such circumstances
0FpesKtzyT4-00339-00166836-00167470 Will these circulations propagate?
0FpesKtzyT4-00340-00167470-00167998 The normal answer is no because no buoyancy means no gravity waves
0FpesKtzyT4-00341-00167998-00168440 However, we can see another wave propagation mechanism
0FpesKtzyT4-00342-00168440-00168780 if we take both the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00343-00168780-00169296 and the vertically decreasing density into account
0FpesKtzyT4-00344-00169296-00170086 The shading here denotes meridional planetary vorticity divided by density
0FpesKtzyT4-00345-00170086-00170530 or 2 Omega / rho
0FpesKtzyT4-00346-00170530-00171364 The compressional beta-effect is a vertical advection of the shaded quantity
0FpesKtzyT4-00347-00171364-00171742 And it transmits these circulations eastward
0FpesKtzyT4-00348-00171742-00172092 For example, the circulation in the middle
0FpesKtzyT4-00349-00172092-00172972 is associated with positive meridional vorticity
0FpesKtzyT4-00350-00172972-00173294 which points into the screen
0FpesKtzyT4-00351-00173294-00173754 And the downward motion on the east side
0FpesKtzyT4-00352-00173754-00174274 yields positive advection of the shaded quantity
0FpesKtzyT4-00353-00174274-00174760 which increases the meridional vorticity on the east side
0FpesKtzyT4-00354-00174760-00175118 The opposite is true for the west side
0FpesKtzyT4-00355-00175118-00175596 So the circulation propagates to the east
0FpesKtzyT4-00356-00175596-00175990 Then, slide number 22
0FpesKtzyT4-00357-00175990-00176338 Compressional beta-effect is first described
0FpesKtzyT4-00358-00176338-00176716 in a paper by Verhoeven and Stellmach
0FpesKtzyT4-00359-00176716-00177500 who derived the compressional Rossby wave solutions on an x-z plane
0FpesKtzyT4-00360-00177500-00177832 with a mistake in their derivation
0FpesKtzyT4-00361-00177832-00178034 This study corrects the mistake
0FpesKtzyT4-00362-00178034-00179126 and further expand the spatial domain to a 3-dimensional equatorial beta-plane
0FpesKtzyT4-00363-00179126-00179688 Theories about waves on an equatorial beta-plane have a long history
0FpesKtzyT4-00364-00179688-00180392 Matsuno derived the solutions with the shallow water model
0FpesKtzyT4-00365-00180392-00180722 In Holton and Hakim's textbook
0FpesKtzyT4-00366-00180722-00181102 we can find the solutions with an anelastic model
0FpesKtzyT4-00367-00181102-00181534 but without the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00368-00181534-00181890 Fruman as well as Roundy and Janiga
0FpesKtzyT4-00369-00181890-00182262 derived the solutions with the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00370-00182262-00182576 but with a Boussinesq model
0FpesKtzyT4-00371-00182576-00183026 None of these studies found the compressional beta-effect because
0FpesKtzyT4-00372-00183026-00183794 it needs both the nontraditional Coriolis terms and the vertically decreasing density
0FpesKtzyT4-00373-00183794-00184442 And the present study accounts for both of these ingredients
0FpesKtzyT4-00374-00184442-00184708 In addition, in my derivation
0FpesKtzyT4-00375-00184708-00185588 I put a factor alpha in the adiabatic term in the thermal dynamic equation
0FpesKtzyT4-00376-00185588-00186054 alpha = 1 means dry adiabatic
0FpesKtzyT4-00377-00186054-00186350 alpha between 0 and 1 means
0FpesKtzyT4-00378-00186350-00186942 partial offset of adiabatic effects by diabetic effects
0FpesKtzyT4-00379-00186942-00187378 where buoyancy frequency is effectively reduced
0FpesKtzyT4-00380-00187378-00188120 alpha = 0 means complete offset or effectively neutral
0FpesKtzyT4-00381-00188120-00188586 Then, slide number 23
0FpesKtzyT4-00382-00188586-00189232 Here shows the dispersion relations on a wavenumber-frequency space
0FpesKtzyT4-00383-00189232-00189482 for a strongly stable atmosphere
0FpesKtzyT4-00384-00189482-00189806 where the effective buoyancy frequency is
0FpesKtzyT4-00385-00189806-00190296 far larger than the meridional planetary vorticity
0FpesKtzyT4-00386-00190296-00190858 Curves on the right side denote eastward-propagating waves
0FpesKtzyT4-00387-00190858-00191328 and the left side denotes westward propagation
0FpesKtzyT4-00388-00191328-00191642 For the same wavenumber
0FpesKtzyT4-00389-00191642-00192350 a higher frequency means faster phase speed
0FpesKtzyT4-00390-00192350-00192526 In the strongly stable case
0FpesKtzyT4-00391-00192526-00192908 my solution is like the Matsuno's solution
0FpesKtzyT4-00392-00192908-00193290 and you cannot distinguish the black and red curves
0FpesKtzyT4-00393-00193290-00193630 where black denotes with the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00394-00193630-00193908 and red without
0FpesKtzyT4-00395-00193908-00194542 Now watch and listen to this video
0FpesKtzyT4-00396-00194542-00195238 (Sound of piano played down the chromatic scale for 10 octaves)
0FpesKtzyT4-00397-00195238-00195690 The sound frequency played here is proportional to
0FpesKtzyT4-00398-00195690-00196318 the effective buoyancy frequency used to plot each frame of the animation
0FpesKtzyT4-00399-00196318-00196640 Please pay attention to the frequency axis
0FpesKtzyT4-00400-00196640-00197016 and the separation of black and red curves
0FpesKtzyT4-00401-00197016-00197610 Let's watch again
0FpesKtzyT4-00402-00197610-00198330 (Sound of piano played down the chromatic scale for 10 octaves)
0FpesKtzyT4-00403-00198330-00198702 With the effective buoyancy frequency decreasing
0FpesKtzyT4-00404-00198702-00199016 the phase speed also decreases
0FpesKtzyT4-00405-00199016-00199686 As you can see the frequency axis shrinks
0FpesKtzyT4-00406-00199686-00199934 And the solutions with and without
0FpesKtzyT4-00407-00199934-00200266 the nontraditional Coriolis term separate farther
0FpesKtzyT4-00408-00200266-00200928 while the frequency - the effective buoyancy frequency - is decreasing
0FpesKtzyT4-00409-00200928-00201166 In the last frame
0FpesKtzyT4-00410-00201166-00201412 it is effectively neutral
0FpesKtzyT4-00411-00201412-00201816 and the solutions without the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00412-00201816-00202004 no longer exists
0FpesKtzyT4-00413-00202004-00202512 But we still find solutions with the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00414-00202512-00203206 And this is the compressional Rossby wave solution
0FpesKtzyT4-00415-00203206-00203886 which propagates eastward at a phase speed of 1/4 m/s
0FpesKtzyT4-00416-00203886-00205506 Then, slide number 24
0FpesKtzyT4-00417-00205506-00205846 This is a new figure created yesterday
0FpesKtzyT4-00418-00205846-00206330 The compressional beta-effect can serve as a contributor
0FpesKtzyT4-00419-00206330-00206704 to the eastward propagation of MJO
0FpesKtzyT4-00420-00206704-00207412 Here shows the zonal vertical distribution of the compressional beta-effect
0FpesKtzyT4-00421-00207412-00207602 which is *shaded*
0FpesKtzyT4-00422-00207602-00208102 and the local tendency of meridional vorticity *contoured*
0FpesKtzyT4-00423-00208102-00208469 These are calculated from the ERA-Interim data
0FpesKtzyT4-00424-00208469-00209058 and are regressed upon MJO-filtered tropical rainfall at 90 degree East
0FpesKtzyT4-00425-00209058-00209573 which is marked with the green arrow
0FpesKtzyT4-00426-00209573-00210480 In the mid-upper troposphere in the MJO-active region over the arrow and around
0FpesKtzyT4-00427-00210480-00211376 - this region - the meridional vorticity is decreasing as you see the dashed contours
0FpesKtzyT4-00428-00211376-00212044 Or in other words, the vertical wind shear is changing toward easterly
0FpesKtzyT4-00429-00212044-00212617 Meanwhile, in the same region, the upward motion in the active-MJO
0FpesKtzyT4-00430-00212617-00213273 yields negative advection of planetary vorticity divided by density
0FpesKtzyT4-00431-00213273-00213866 In other words, there is a negative compressional beta-effect
0FpesKtzyT4-00432-00213866-00214623 In terms of the minimum negative values
0FpesKtzyT4-00433-00214623-00215019 the compressional beta-effect contributes 11%
0FpesKtzyT4-00434-00215019-00215728 of the meridional vorticity tendency associated with the MJO
0FpesKtzyT4-00435-00215728-00216273 In summary, slide number 25
0FpesKtzyT4-00436-00216273-00216830 In linear models, the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect
0FpesKtzyT4-00437-00216830-00217417 the flow response to heat sources by roughly 10%
0FpesKtzyT4-00438-00217417-00217954 and the hypsometric relation by roughly 5%
0FpesKtzyT4-00439-00217954-00218840 and the equatorial wave phase speed by roughly 1/4 m/s
0FpesKtzyT4-00440-00218840-00219596 or the meridional vorticity tendency associated with MJO by roughly 10%
0FpesKtzyT4-00441-00219596-00220088 Unlike many numerical errors in the models
0FpesKtzyT4-00442-00220088-00220616 these effects don't start small and grow large with the time integration
0FpesKtzyT4-00443-00220616-00221240 Instead, omitting these effects biases the initial pressure-height relation
0FpesKtzyT4-00444-00221240-00221823 and biases the zonal wind and wave propagation every time step
0FpesKtzyT4-00445-00221823-00222616 These biases may grow even larger if nonlinear processes are considered
0FpesKtzyT4-00446-00222616-00223090 which is left for future studies
0FpesKtzyT4-00447-00223090-00223628 These results encourage restoring the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00448-00223628-00224000 into the models for more-accurate simulations for
0FpesKtzyT4-00449-00224000-00224492 MJO, CCEWs, and ITCZ-forced flow
0FpesKtzyT4-00450-00224492-00224994 This restoration is not going to resolve all the problems
0FpesKtzyT4-00451-00224994-00225412 and the importance of improving the representation of
0FpesKtzyT4-00452-00225412-00225754 physical processes is not downgraded
0FpesKtzyT4-00453-00225754-00226146 However, the restoration of the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00454-00226146-00226621 should be among the top priorities of model development because
0FpesKtzyT4-00455-00226621-00227460 all other parts of the development depend on the choice of governing equations
0FpesKtzyT4-00456-00227460-00228028 And to validate the implementation of the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00457-00228028-00228567 the compressional Rossby wave test can be used as a benchmark
0FpesKtzyT4-00458-00228567-00228926 Slide number 26
0FpesKtzyT4-00459-00228926-00229638 This test aims to push the dry-dynamical parameters to a limit that is
0FpesKtzyT4-00460-00229638-00230294 relevant to moist physics but difficult to test without modeling the moist physics
0FpesKtzyT4-00461-00230294-00230748 Accordingly, I used three special treatments
0FpesKtzyT4-00462-00230748-00231448 equatorial f-plane, fast planetary rotation, and barotropic gas
0FpesKtzyT4-00463-00231448-00232258 I included the nontraditional Coriolis terms into the MPAS atmospheric dynamical core
0FpesKtzyT4-00464-00232258-00232969 and used the upgraded dynamical core to simulate the compressional Rossby waves
0FpesKtzyT4-00465-00232969-00233578 And the animation you see here shows the results
0FpesKtzyT4-00466-00233578-00233919 The numerical solution in green contours
0FpesKtzyT4-00467-00233919-00234390 overlaps the analytical solution in black contours
0FpesKtzyT4-00468-00234390-00234966 So you can't really distinguish the two types of contours
0FpesKtzyT4-00469-00234966-00235680 which validates the implementation of the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00470-00235680-00236230 For the future, slide number 27
0FpesKtzyT4-00471-00236230-00236676 I have a proposal titled
0FpesKtzyT4-00472-00236676-00237210 Effects of the nontraditional Coriolis terms in atmospheric models
0FpesKtzyT4-00473-00237210-00237666 It aims to explore possible nonlinear effects
0FpesKtzyT4-00474-00237666-00238430 and possible linkage to biases in ITCZ configuration and MJO propagation
0FpesKtzyT4-00475-00238430-00238860 I plan to assist the inclusion of the nontraditional Coriolis terms
0FpesKtzyT4-00476-00238860-00239286 into the NOAA FV3 model
0FpesKtzyT4-00477-00239286-00239662 It may lead the modeling community to a new era
0FpesKtzyT4-00478-00239662-00240423 where people build their models upon a sufficiently accurate governing equation
0FpesKtzyT4-00479-00240423-00240671 With this proposal, I was awarded the
0FpesKtzyT4-00480-00240671-00241038 NOAA Climate and Global Change postdoctoral fellowship
0FpesKtzyT4-00481-00241040-00241317 But I declined this award because it doesn't allow
0FpesKtzyT4-00482-00241317-00241798 bringing the fellowship to an institution other than the proposed one
0FpesKtzyT4-00483-00241798-00242354 So the proposed study is to be done at UC Davis
0FpesKtzyT4-00484-00242354-00243021 Finally, slide number 28, acknowledgments
0FpesKtzyT4-00485-00243021-00243576 This study would not have been done without my advisor Paul Roundy
0FpesKtzyT4-00486-00243576-00244216 I first knew Paul by an email correspondence in 2016
0FpesKtzyT4-00487-00244216-00244778 That was before I attended the Conference on Hurricane and Tropical Meteorology
0FpesKtzyT4-00488-00244778-00245340 in San Juan, Puerto Rico
0FpesKtzyT4-00489-00245340-00245802 Paul, as a chair of that conference, sent the attendees
0FpesKtzyT4-00490-00245802-00246167 an email about something that I don't remember
0FpesKtzyT4-00491-00246167-00246506 But I still remember his email signature here
0FpesKtzyT4-00492-00246506-00247184 See that creature climbing on the business card
0FpesKtzyT4-00493-00247184-00247876 With that first impression, then two years ago
0FpesKtzyT4-00494-00247876-00248096 I asked Paul to be my advisor
0FpesKtzyT4-00495-00248096-00248782 after I googled the term "nontraditional Coriolis terms" and found Paul's paper
0FpesKtzyT4-00496-00248782-00249123 And this turns out to be a great decision
0FpesKtzyT4-00497-00249123-00249578 Paul cares for me, supports me, and guided me
0FpesKtzyT4-00498-00249578-00249954 Paul is also extraordinarily accessible
0FpesKtzyT4-00499-00249954-00250436 His office is usually open for walk-in advice
0FpesKtzyT4-00500-00250436-00250769 And he usually responds quickly to emails
0FpesKtzyT4-00501-00250769-00251064 So, thank you, Paul
0FpesKtzyT4-00502-00251064-00251273 Slide number 29
0FpesKtzyT4-00503-00251273-00251578 Many thanks to my other committee members
0FpesKtzyT4-00504-00251578-00251980 Brian Rose, Rob Fovell, and Bill Skamarock
0FpesKtzyT4-00505-00251980-00252438 Their comments improved the quality of this dissertation
0FpesKtzyT4-00506-00252438-00252723 Bill also provided a tutorial
0FpesKtzyT4-00507-00252723-00253242 that makes the development of the MPAS possible in this study
0FpesKtzyT4-00508-00253242-00253514 Many thanks to my audiences
0FpesKtzyT4-00509-00253514-00253986 First thanks to those attended my defense rehearsal
0FpesKtzyT4-00510-00253986-00254569 Ahmed, Ajay, Hsiao-chun, Minghao, and Fangze
0FpesKtzyT4-00511-00254569-00254932 Also, thanks to those attended my (presentation in)
0FpesKtzyT4-00512-00254932-00255732 Prospectus Defense, Climate Group Meetings, Northeast Tropical Workshop,
0FpesKtzyT4-00513-00255732-00256250 AMS Annual Meeting, and AGU Fall Meetings
0FpesKtzyT4-00514-00256250-00256678 Moreover, thanks to those attended my invited talks at
0FpesKtzyT4-00515-00256678-00257290 UC Davis, MIT, NCAR, and Taiwanese institutions including
0FpesKtzyT4-00516-00257290-00257976 NTU, Academia Sinica, and Central Weather Bureau
0FpesKtzyT4-00517-00257976-00258576 The reactions of my audiences helped me improving my presentation
0FpesKtzyT4-00518-00258576-00259310 Many thanks to DAES staffs, Chaina, Annie, Barb, Kevin, and Ash
0FpesKtzyT4-00519-00259310-00259971 for making all those administrative and technical issues so easy for me
0FpesKtzyT4-00520-00259971-00260214 Slide number 30
0FpesKtzyT4-00521-00260214-00260664 Many thanks to my former PhD adviser Wei-Chyung Wang
0FpesKtzyT4-00522-00260664-00261028 for bringing me in and caring for me
0FpesKtzyT4-00523-00261028-00261726 Many thanks to my master's advisor at NTU, Chien-Ming Wu and Hung-Chi Kuo
0FpesKtzyT4-00524-00261726-00262244 for their rigorous training in scientific writing and atmospheric dynamics
0FpesKtzyT4-00525-00262244-00263020 Many thanks to Marat Khairoutdinov for his inspiring talk on March 26, two years ago
0FpesKtzyT4-00526-00263020-00263512 Many thanks to all DAES and ASRC faculties and students
0FpesKtzyT4-00527-00263512-00263966 for making such a friendly research environment
0FpesKtzyT4-00528-00263966-00264472 Many thanks to my teammates in our soccer team, Snow Squall Squad
0FpesKtzyT4-00529-00264472-00265680 Many thanks to my wife and my children
0FpesKtzyT4-00530-00265680-00265820 Slide number 31
0FpesKtzyT4-00531-00265820-00266324 Many thanks to those who funded me during my three-year study
0FpesKtzyT4-00532-00266324-00266849 ASRC offered me the graduate fellowship in my first year
0FpesKtzyT4-00533-00266850-00267216 DAES has been offering me the teaching assistantship
0FpesKtzyT4-00534-00267216-00267498 in my second and third year
0FpesKtzyT4-00535-00267498-00267822 Taiwanese Ministry of Education has been offering me
0FpesKtzyT4-00536-00267822-00268324 the Government Scholarship to Study Abroad in my third year
0FpesKtzyT4-00537-00268324-00268898 Paul's grant from the NSF funded my summer wages and trips to conferences
0FpesKtzyT4-00538-00268898-00269184 My parents and parents-in-law partially funded
0FpesKtzyT4-00539-00269184-00269544 some of my needs like my car and trips to Taiwan
0FpesKtzyT4-00540-00269544-00269718 Next slides
0FpesKtzyT4-00541-00269718-00269898 If you are interested in using
0FpesKtzyT4-00542-00269898-00270510 the linear forced-dissipative model or the compressional Rossby wave test
0FpesKtzyT4-00543-00270510-00271028 please find the Matlab scripts or the Fortran module below
0FpesKtzyT4-00544-00271028-00271352 And that's all, thank you
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0GMk4yjrKZy-00003-00001449-00001778 this video because in this video I'm gonna tell you the exact things that you
0GMk4yjrKZy-00004-00001778-00002805 need to focus on to get more sales and we're starting right now
0GMk4yjrKZy-00005-00003143-00003609 hey I'm J.R. Fisher if you're new to my channel do me a favor hit that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00006-00003609-00004050 subscribe button down there if you hit that subscribe button below you'll be
0GMk4yjrKZy-00007-00004050-00004589 subscribed but you won't be notified so you got it ring the bell you ring that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00008-00004589-00004914 bell which is right next to the subscribe button make sure you turn on
0GMk4yjrKZy-00009-00004914-00005394 all notifications you'll be part of the VIP Club to fix your family that gets
0GMk4yjrKZy-00010-00005394-00005757 notified before anybody else when I do one of these videos now I've been
0GMk4yjrKZy-00011-00005757-00006212 selling online since 2009 now so millions of dollars of both physical and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00012-00006212-00006663 digital products and I've learned stuff along the way right so what I do on this
0GMk4yjrKZy-00013-00006663-00007068 channel is I actually share with you how to start run and grow your online
0GMk4yjrKZy-00014-00007068-00007647 business - you know I'd love to see your comments below what are you focusing on
0GMk4yjrKZy-00015-00007647-00008067 right now what have you found that it's working for you or what is it you're
0GMk4yjrKZy-00016-00008067-00008427 concerned about what what is it that you think that you want to know about a
0GMk4yjrKZy-00017-00008427-00008817 little bit more so you know what to focus on click those comments below I'd
0GMk4yjrKZy-00018-00008817-00009225 love to see him don't forget give me a thumbs up like the video that would be
0GMk4yjrKZy-00019-00009225-00009611 really helpful I would really appreciate that now I've been selling online for a
0GMk4yjrKZy-00020-00009611-00009984 long time and we've sold millions of dollars of products a matter of fact my
0GMk4yjrKZy-00021-00009984-00010464 products are sold on thousands of websites including Walmart so I've got
0GMk4yjrKZy-00022-00010464-00010884 one background and I can actually share with you guys what we've done to get all
0GMk4yjrKZy-00023-00010884-00011307 those sales let's jump right into it but before we do before we do I have a
0GMk4yjrKZy-00024-00011307-00011737 course a $97 course that's free to you that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00025-00011737-00012115 right it's free it's down in the description all you have to do is click
0GMk4yjrKZy-00026-00012115-00012502 the link and learn no credit card required they'll PayPal
0GMk4yjrKZy-00027-00012502-00012805 none of that stuff just click the link and learn so let's get going
0GMk4yjrKZy-00028-00012805-00013237 now fortunately there really are dozens and dozens of ways to make more sales
0GMk4yjrKZy-00029-00013237-00013609 online so in this video what I want to do is go through some of them so that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00030-00013609-00014011 you have an arsenal of different things that you can do and you know what to
0GMk4yjrKZy-00031-00014011-00014391 focus on and what to stay away from so let's jump into them okay here's the big
0GMk4yjrKZy-00032-00014391-00014911 one please please please be honest in your ad copy don't make up stuff don't
0GMk4yjrKZy-00033-00014911-00015331 say stuff that's not true don't make any promises and a lot of these platforms if
0GMk4yjrKZy-00034-00015331-00015738 you do that like a Facebook or YouTube or something like that if you promise
0GMk4yjrKZy-00035-00015738-00016213 things to people that you don't even know such as you'll lose ten pounds in
0GMk4yjrKZy-00036-00016213-00016603 ten days and you will get banded I mean it's just gonna happen you can't make
0GMk4yjrKZy-00037-00016603-00016975 promises you want to be honest about whatever the product is that you're
0GMk4yjrKZy-00038-00016975-00017338 selling number two get more ad clicks with AD
0GMk4yjrKZy-00039-00017338-00017761 extensions if you're selling stuff online ad extensions are a no-brainer
0GMk4yjrKZy-00040-00017761-00018232 this feature available in both Adwords and Bing allows you to make your ad
0GMk4yjrKZy-00041-00018232-00018742 bigger and more places to click it doesn't cost anything extra and it
0GMk4yjrKZy-00042-00018742-00019225 increases your ads click-through rate amazing stuff right any example you see
0GMk4yjrKZy-00043-00019225-00019612 on the screen right now the links to men's sunglasses and women's sunglasses
0GMk4yjrKZy-00044-00019612-00020098 give people who are looking to buy a pair of ray-bans two additional places
0GMk4yjrKZy-00045-00020098-00020569 to click this saves the potential customer a step and makes it easier and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00046-00020569-00021016 faster to find exactly what they want so they go to your site instead of a
0GMk4yjrKZy-00047-00021016-00021505 competitor's show off testimonials testimonials are awesome that's number
0GMk4yjrKZy-00048-00021505-00021961 three if you can get testimonials you want to publish those on your site
0GMk4yjrKZy-00049-00021961-00022336 they're so so important yeah don't make up testimonials of course have real
0GMk4yjrKZy-00050-00022336-00022678 testimonials but any get up most people are not going to give you a testimonial
0GMk4yjrKZy-00051-00022678-00023047 right off the bat you gotta ask for them what I've done is I've sent out emails
0GMk4yjrKZy-00052-00023047-00023509 before to maybe friends who have done business with me I so now emails to my
0GMk4yjrKZy-00053-00023509-00023908 list and who bought products and I say hey if you do a testimonial if you write
0GMk4yjrKZy-00054-00023908-00024170 one if you do a video whatever we'll interview in a contest
0GMk4yjrKZy-00055-00024170-00024479 and do some type of evil way but you've got it motivated to do these
0GMk4yjrKZy-00056-00024479-00024863 testimonials they're not going to do it on their own create a sense of urgency
0GMk4yjrKZy-00057-00024863-00025292 now it's important to be honest of course but if you can instill any type
0GMk4yjrKZy-00058-00025292-00025772 of urgency into your ad or your ad copy or your sales page or your video it's
0GMk4yjrKZy-00059-00025772-00026276 best to do it it does increase sales many consumers respond really positive
0GMk4yjrKZy-00060-00026276-00026747 to incentives that you put in your particular app so if you notice at the
0GMk4yjrKZy-00061-00026747-00027344 top of this image right here it says save $10 on your initial order so doing
0GMk4yjrKZy-00062-00027344-00027814 something like this can really help you out and really increase sales and drive
0GMk4yjrKZy-00063-00027814-00028385 higher purchases in Adwords you can use ad customizers to display a countdown on
0GMk4yjrKZy-00064-00028385-00028888 a seasonal offer or limited time sale however you choose to do it creating a
0GMk4yjrKZy-00065-00028888-00029345 sense of urgency is a great way to increase online sales number five have a
0GMk4yjrKZy-00066-00029345-00029900 bulletproof money back guarantee now we have this on some of our products and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00067-00029900-00030283 some of our products and we don't so let me explain to you how you want to look
0GMk4yjrKZy-00068-00030283-00030764 at this if you have a physical product I would almost always say that you have to
0GMk4yjrKZy-00069-00030764-00031286 have a bulletproof guarantee so we sell survival food and we don't want anybody
0GMk4yjrKZy-00070-00031286-00031672 saying anything bad about our survival food obviously and people liked it and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00071-00031672-00032095 we really don't have any problems but we do have that guarantee that if they buy
0GMk4yjrKZy-00072-00032095-00032495 our food and they don't like it for any reason or it's damaged or whatever it is
0GMk4yjrKZy-00073-00032495-00032852 we're gonna replace it we don't argue with that at all now I don't do that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00074-00032852-00033308 with every one of my courses because if I sell a course to somebody and they get
0GMk4yjrKZy-00075-00033308-00033587 the course and they go through the whole course and recorded at home and then
0GMk4yjrKZy-00076-00033587-00033815 want their money back there are people out there they will do
0GMk4yjrKZy-00077-00033815-00034274 stuff like that so we do have money-back guarantees on the courses but we require
0GMk4yjrKZy-00078-00034274-00034603 that they actually go through the course they actually do the things the course
0GMk4yjrKZy-00079-00034603-00034970 says because we know if they go through it they do the things the course says
0GMk4yjrKZy-00080-00034970-00035393 they're actually going to get results so you want to look at your product which
0GMk4yjrKZy-00081-00035393-00035840 of your products you're gonna have a a bleep guarantee on in which product you
0GMk4yjrKZy-00082-00035840-00036411 may have some qualifications on number six is offer fewer choices now
0GMk4yjrKZy-00083-00036411-00036762 people would think well you know you if you offer them a whole lot of stuff then
0GMk4yjrKZy-00084-00036762-00037088 you have a better chance to sell them a whole lot of stuff you don't as a matter
0GMk4yjrKZy-00085-00037088-00037371 of fact if you're running an ad and you're running it to a product that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00086-00037371-00037736 you're selling that should be the only product on the page now you may have
0GMk4yjrKZy-00087-00037736-00038159 discounts for multiples of that product so maybe if they buy one piece of our
0GMk4yjrKZy-00088-00038159-00038513 meat it's a certain price if they buy five cases it's a lower price and they
0GMk4yjrKZy-00089-00038513-00038984 buy ten cases it's an even lower price but you don't want to have four or five
0GMk4yjrKZy-00090-00038984-00039287 six different products on there and I see this all the time and people aren't
0GMk4yjrKZy-00091-00039287-00039627 getting conversions and it's because they went to the page and once they have
0GMk4yjrKZy-00092-00039627-00039912 all these choices they tend to put it off they go well I can buy this record
0GMk4yjrKZy-00093-00039912-00040121 buy this I'll just wait and I'll come back to it
0GMk4yjrKZy-00094-00040121-00040496 and then they never do so it's really important that you are gonna increase
0GMk4yjrKZy-00095-00040496-00041072 your sales if you have fewer choices number seven you can target look-alike
0GMk4yjrKZy-00096-00041072-00041453 audiences on Facebook this is awesome you can actually take people who had
0GMk4yjrKZy-00097-00041453-00041891 bought from you or people who have been to your page you can upload them to
0GMk4yjrKZy-00098-00041891-00042302 Facebook and Facebook will create a look-alike audience in other words they
0GMk4yjrKZy-00099-00042302-00042656 go out there and try to find people that have the same traits as those people
0GMk4yjrKZy-00100-00042656-00042953 that you've uploaded and they can find you an audience of two or three million
0GMk4yjrKZy-00101-00042953-00043287 people that are similar to the people that already bought for you now the only
0GMk4yjrKZy-00102-00043287-00043703 caveat is if it's a sale you have to add at least a hundred people for one
0GMk4yjrKZy-00103-00043703-00044118 country so you'd have to have a hundred people for the United States if you did
0GMk4yjrKZy-00104-00044118-00044483 want to do a look like audience now the more you have the better off you are if
0GMk4yjrKZy-00105-00044483-00044741 you have a thousand that look-alike audience is gonna be better if you have
0GMk4yjrKZy-00106-00044741-00045158 10,000 that look-alike audience is gonna be better so as you do these look like
0GMk4yjrKZy-00107-00045158-00045602 audiences you want to constantly update them to match your sales or your
0GMk4yjrKZy-00108-00045602-00046058 visitors number eight reduce friction at checkout now what does that mean that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00109-00046058-00046409 means that when they get to that checkout form it should be really super
0GMk4yjrKZy-00110-00046409-00046733 easy they shouldn't have to check a lot of boxes they shouldn't have to fill out
0GMk4yjrKZy-00111-00046733-00047121 a whole lot of things sometimes we'll do it in steps where you know if they say
0GMk4yjrKZy-00112-00047121-00047387 they want the product they click the product when they do their information
0GMk4yjrKZy-00113-00047387-00047744 box will pop open and when they fill that out and that's completed the
0GMk4yjrKZy-00114-00047744-00048144 delivery box will pop open but you want to make it as smooth as possible if you
0GMk4yjrKZy-00115-00048144-00048452 make them click a lot if you make them go to a lot of places you can make them
0GMk4yjrKZy-00116-00048452-00048947 eat a lot it's gonna hurt your sales number 9 now this goes against one of
0GMk4yjrKZy-00117-00048947-00049222 the other things I said because we said we don't want a lot of options but this
0GMk4yjrKZy-00118-00049222-00049694 one we want a lot of options allow a lot of payment options okay that's really
0GMk4yjrKZy-00119-00049694-00050053 super important so accept every single credit card there is out there except
0GMk4yjrKZy-00120-00050053-00050488 PayPal out there except any type of form of payment that you can because the more
0GMk4yjrKZy-00121-00050488-00050903 that you accept the more you're gonna open up your audience because you don't
0GMk4yjrKZy-00122-00050903-00051257 know how that particular customer is paying so if you have a lot of options
0GMk4yjrKZy-00123-00051257-00051682 available that way you don't lose any customers number 10
0GMk4yjrKZy-00124-00051682-00052157 invest in quality product images now this is so important because I know a
0GMk4yjrKZy-00125-00052157-00052654 lot of you are selling from Aliexpress you have Shopify stores you're doing
0GMk4yjrKZy-00126-00052654-00053114 drop shipping and you say well I I don't have the product they are I can't take
0GMk4yjrKZy-00127-00053114-00053533 pictures of this product because I don't have it so that's a problem right there
0GMk4yjrKZy-00128-00053533-00053816 because if you don't have it and you're selling it that means you don't even
0GMk4yjrKZy-00129-00053816-00054182 know if it's a good product you haven't ordered it it's really simple go to
0GMk4yjrKZy-00130-00054182-00054548 Aliexpress and when you're thinking about selling products order the
0GMk4yjrKZy-00131-00054548-00054802 products that you're thinking about selling and you say well I don't want to
0GMk4yjrKZy-00132-00054802-00055100 spend $1 or $2 and we don't know anything you got to this is something
0GMk4yjrKZy-00133-00055100-00055579 you got to do because if you don't do this you know a lot of you say well I'll
0GMk4yjrKZy-00134-00055579-00055961 buy the product if it sells and then I'll take pictures but the problem is
0GMk4yjrKZy-00135-00055961-00056366 you need to put you first to be able to try to sell the product so you can't do
0GMk4yjrKZy-00136-00056366-00056732 it backwards it's really super important that you've got that product first and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00137-00056732-00057077 you take a picture of it it is an investment but you know what having an
0GMk4yjrKZy-00138-00057077-00057461 online business you've got to invest in it you've got to invest time you've got
0GMk4yjrKZy-00139-00057461-00057907 invest money you've got to invest effort if you don't do these things then of
0GMk4yjrKZy-00140-00057907-00058357 course you're not gonna do well now I recently did pictures of our survival
0GMk4yjrKZy-00141-00058357-00058775 foods and we hired a photographer and it came over there and he took pictures on
0GMk4yjrKZy-00142-00058775-00059069 plates of all of our food we took them out of the can we didn't take pictures
0GMk4yjrKZy-00143-00059069-00059387 of the cans because the cans aren't gonna sell much we actually put them on
0GMk4yjrKZy-00144-00059387-00059716 a plate and we put parsley on there and we made it look all
0GMk4yjrKZy-00145-00059716-00060037 delicious because when they go to the website that's what they're right there
0GMk4yjrKZy-00146-00060037-00060349 right underneath we're not buying a can they don't want to can they want that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00147-00060349-00060816 meat and we sell survival food can me and if I say that survival food can mean
0GMk4yjrKZy-00148-00060816-00061179 that doesn't sound appetizing but if I put it on the plate and make it look
0GMk4yjrKZy-00149-00061179-00061648 good it does taste great but I have to present it in a manner that they're used
0GMk4yjrKZy-00150-00061648-00062145 to seeing it so the product image thing I really can't eat that enough okay I
0GMk4yjrKZy-00151-00062145-00062599 mean that is so so important that you have good images no matter what you're
0GMk4yjrKZy-00152-00062599-00062950 selling you know if you're selling a course even course like I sell courses
0GMk4yjrKZy-00153-00062950-00063424 we have pictures of the course and it may be its own CDs and maybe it's all
0GMk4yjrKZy-00154-00063424-00063804 little booklets or maybe it's showing on their iPad or whatever it is we show
0GMk4yjrKZy-00155-00063804-00064316 them the actual course in a visual and I would highly suggest you doing that too
0GMk4yjrKZy-00156-00064316-00064912 number 11 get ready your landing pages why get rid of your landing pages that's
0GMk4yjrKZy-00157-00064912-00065232 crazy well it isn't it isn't here's the truth
0GMk4yjrKZy-00158-00065232-00065806 right now most people are viewing your landing pages on mobile devices and if
0GMk4yjrKZy-00159-00065806-00066264 you don't have them set to mobile so that they can see things in mobile then
0GMk4yjrKZy-00160-00066264-00066643 you're gonna have a problem so if you have the traditional landing page that
0GMk4yjrKZy-00161-00066643-00067056 is not designed for mobile and you've got a problem now I can tell you how to
0GMk4yjrKZy-00162-00067056-00067527 fix that right now the simplest way to fix it is get car trouble I have a link
0GMk4yjrKZy-00163-00067527-00067954 to Kartra in the description right now if you click that link you can actually
0GMk4yjrKZy-00164-00067954-00068368 get a trial for $1 but more importantly if you click that link you can watch a
0GMk4yjrKZy-00165-00068368-00068745 free video that shows you what it'll do but in Kartra when you're building your
0GMk4yjrKZy-00166-00068745-00069163 pages you can switch it over to mobile you can see how it looks and you can
0GMk4yjrKZy-00167-00069163-00069582 view it in there on mobile so that it matches in the next step to this is
0GMk4yjrKZy-00168-00069582-00069997 really getting rid of your landing pages you can run ads through Facebook now
0GMk4yjrKZy-00169-00069997-00070393 that are call only ads where the ad actually doesn't even go to your page
0GMk4yjrKZy-00170-00070393-00070813 any longer it just pops up on their phone and a phone number pops up and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00171-00070813-00071137 they hit it and they can actually call your business if you're in the type of
0GMk4yjrKZy-00172-00071137-00071473 business where you want a customer a call so think and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00173-00071473-00071832 everybody viewing all your pages on mobile and you'll get rid of your
0GMk4yjrKZy-00174-00071832-00072189 landing pages or at least the traditional way to do them number 12
0GMk4yjrKZy-00175-00072189-00072880 give Gmail ads a try now for years these things were easy to use and they were in
0GMk4yjrKZy-00176-00072880-00073351 and out of beta constantly but Gmail ads are finally available to everybody
0GMk4yjrKZy-00177-00073351-00073794 they're really cool ads and anybody can do a myth if you're already reaching
0GMk4yjrKZy-00178-00073794-00074226 customers when they search and when they browse on social why not go the extra
0GMk4yjrKZy-00179-00074226-00074755 mile and hit them while they're in their inboxes - one of the most effective ways
0GMk4yjrKZy-00180-00074755-00075292 to use Gmail ads is by targeting competitor keywords people who are in
0GMk4yjrKZy-00181-00075292-00075712 the market for your competitors products are getting emails from your competitors
0GMk4yjrKZy-00182-00075712-00076377 that may mention their brand terms right now so by targeting those same terms you
0GMk4yjrKZy-00183-00076377-00076758 can show up in their inboxes and hopefully change their minds and have
0GMk4yjrKZy-00184-00076758-00077422 them buy your product okay so that is 12 steps you can take but I've got 13 more
0GMk4yjrKZy-00185-00077422-00077941 this is video one in a two-part series so you're gonna want to click to the
0GMk4yjrKZy-00186-00077941-00078357 next video I'll have the next video in the description down there you can click
0GMk4yjrKZy-00187-00078357-00078679 through to it and watch the second part thank you so much for watching this
0GMk4yjrKZy-00188-00078679-00079117 video if you haven't subscribed so far please do so there's a oh my god they
0GMk4yjrKZy-00189-00079117-00079480 put a huge subscribe button down there they put it there for a reason
0GMk4yjrKZy-00190-00079480-00079936 you gotta click it and next to it don't forget notifications you kind of ring
0GMk4yjrKZy-00191-00079936-00080301 the bell you got to make that Bell as loud as you possibly can now the harder
0GMk4yjrKZy-00192-00080301-00080842 you click it the louder its gonna be and if you like loud bells click it hard and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00193-00080842-00081226 if you don't click it very softly and then after you do that make sure you
0GMk4yjrKZy-00194-00081226-00081637 turn on all notifications so you can become part of the Fisher family part of
0GMk4yjrKZy-00195-00081637-00082042 the VIP group that gets notified every single time I do one of these videos and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00196-00082042-00082366 I've got a gift for you like I said there's a $97
0GMk4yjrKZy-00197-00082366-00082770 ecommerce course if you look down in the description you click that link you can
0GMk4yjrKZy-00198-00082770-00083329 click and learn no credit card required it's free check it out and I'll see you
0GMk4yjrKZy-00199-00083329-00083731 in the next hey thanks for watching my video don't
0GMk4yjrKZy-00200-00083731-00084148 forget to subscribe to my channel and
0GMk4yjrKZy-00201-00084148-00084745 notified every time I do a new video also click on one of those videos there
0GMk4yjrKZy-00202-00084745-00085080 watch it on my channel
0II_2PQqaKk-00001-00000969-00001516 Welcome to a new video by Jesus H.N. BIGAMER
0II_2PQqaKk-00002-00001560-00001907 And you can see in the title, the video is the next
0II_2PQqaKk-00003-00002022-00002450 you know that i start to play it fast and then slow
0II_2PQqaKk-00004-00002594-00002908 before to start I will send greetings
0II_2PQqaKk-00005-00002953-00003083 to Dios de la muerte
0II_2PQqaKk-00006-00003158-00003411 to
0II_2PQqaKk-00007-00003411-00003582 Elban_dido Gamer 8v
0II_2PQqaKk-00008-00003711-00004029 to alastox_x
0II_2PQqaKk-00009-00004139-00004383 also to karolth blaze
0II_2PQqaKk-00010-00004502-00004786 finally to Erick Lang
0II_2PQqaKk-00011-00004892-00005191 well, we start
0II_2PQqaKk-00036-00011240-00011530 Well, that´s all about the video
0II_2PQqaKk-00037-00011530-00011837 you know that you can give me a like or dislike
0II_2PQqaKk-00038-00011838-00012100 and if it is the first time that you watch one of my videos
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0II_2PQqaKk-00041-00012732-00012978 then, we go to play it slow
0II_2PQqaKk-00042-00013058-00013154 chao
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00000-00000022-00000160 Heidi Rehm: Thank you for having me.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00001-00000160-00000479 So I was asked to give some of the laboratory perspective.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00002-00000479-00000999 My background is as a board-certified clinical laboratory geneticist, and I direct the Laboratory
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00003-00000999-00001473 for Molecular Medicine at the Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine under Scott
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00004-00001473-00001677 Weiss’s leadership.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00005-00001677-00002288 And we are in the process of developing a genomic sequencing clinical service through
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00006-00002288-00002425 our CLIA lab.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00007-00002425-00002866 We’re working closely with our geneticists' clinics, and Mike Murray from the Brigham
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00008-00002866-00003373 is here, in terms of the up-front and return of results environment.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00009-00003373-00003846 Our main focus, in terms of the expertise that we have and our strength, is really focusing
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00010-00003846-00004353 on the data analysis interpretation piece, and initially, we will outsource the technical
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00011-00004353-00004873 component for the whole genome sequencing, although we are developing the exome sequencing
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00012-00004873-00005193 capability in our clinical lab as well.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00013-00005193-00005619 So most of our effort has been surrounding the enormous computational challenges surrounding
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00014-00005619-00006120 variant annotation, filtration, and really, although we’ve done evidence-based variant
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00015-00006120-00006640 assessment for 10 years in the context of doing clinical sequencing, scaling that to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00016-00006640-00006975 address the genome is, of course, another order of magnitude.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00017-00006975-00007589 We’re also working closely, using our GeneInsight software that we’ve developed over the last
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00018-00007589-00008119 eight years, to support clinical reporting of sequenced data, and expanding that to support
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00019-00008119-00008379 genomic interpretation.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00020-00008379-00008892 We have a -- I'm working with a U01-funded grant that Robert Green is the PI of called
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00021-00008892-00009435 MedSeq, where we will sequence 100 whole genomes through that effort, half with cardiomyopathy,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00022-00009435-00009918 half with healthy patients, and are really, you know, working on the development of the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00023-00009918-00010460 general genome report in terms of general information from every patient, as well as
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00024-00010460-00011000 disease-specific reports looking at primary indication and using orthogonal confirmation
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00025-00011000-00011452 of those results in the CLIA setting, and also working closely in terms of integration
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00026-00011452-00011621 of this infrastructure into our EHR.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00027-00011621-00011959 And I’ll talk about a number of these pieces.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00028-00011959-00012374 And I really want to broaden this, not just to the things that we’re doing but issues
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00029-00012374-00012717 that are common across many groups that are working in the space.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00030-00012717-00013201 And I sort of put my punch list of some of the key challenges in the clinical implementation
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00031-00013201-00013490 of whole exome and genome sequencing on this list.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00032-00013490-00013862 I think we’re all aware that sequencing technologies are changing very rapidly, and
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00033-00013862-00014181 so picking a time point to implement a certain technology is challenging.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00034-00014181-00014593 And that was one of the reasons we chose to initially outsource that component, work on
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00035-00014593-00015084 the interpretive piece, which is really the most challenging part, and then bring the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00036-00015084-00015501 technology in later at whatever point it had evolved to.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00037-00015501-00015904 The computation requirements are obviously unprecedented in terms of the large data sets
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00038-00015904-00016056 we’re working with.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00039-00016056-00016614 In the clinical implementation of this, it’s not yet ready to just use the data as is.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00040-00016614-00017086 There is still a need to confirm the results, and unfortunately, they all can’t be confirmed
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00041-00017086-00017565 by one method, depending on whether you’re talking about point mutations, copy number
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00042-00017565-00017901 variants, et cetera, or low-level variants and somatic variation.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00043-00017901-00018301 And so different approaches to how we think about the confirmation process, hoping that
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00044-00018301-00018648 at some point we won’t have to do this, but it’s still there now.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00045-00018648-00019192 And also as we implement these technologies in the clinical setting, we need to both address
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00046-00019192-00019780 the fact that there are existing very high-quality tests that are targeted, yet we also want
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00047-00019780-00020205 to take advantage of the rest of the genome, and so how do we balance that in terms of
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00048-00020205-00020640 the fact that the genomic approaches don’t have the level of quality that our targeted
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00049-00020640-00020754 tests do.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00050-00020754-00021093 And we still -- we want both components of that, and I’ll talk a little bit more about
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00051-00021093-00021198 that.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00052-00021198-00021532 In the CESAR meeting that some of us were in, we spent a lot of time thinking about
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00053-00021532-00021834 secondary findings, which are appropriate to return and which are not, and that’s
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00054-00021834-00022162 a big area under discussion.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00055-00022162-00022576 Updating results over time and, you know, patients, ideally, may only get their genome
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00056-00022576-00022768 sequenced once, but the knowledge changes.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00057-00022768-00022868 How do we address that?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00058-00022868-00023177 And I’ll talk a little bit, some of the strategies we worked on.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00059-00023177-00023765 And probably for me the biggest challenge is that human variation is enormous and rare,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00060-00023765-00024163 and understanding the phenotypes associated with it will be challenging and will require
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00061-00024163-00024365 great structure and data sharing, I think.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00062-00024365-00024748 And I’ll talk at length about some of the strategies we’re thinking about.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00063-00024748-00025331 I do want to point out that the ACMG came out with a policy statement surrounding the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00064-00025331-00025660 use of genomic sequencing that’s on the websites.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00065-00025660-00026013 And I’m not going to go into all of the detail here, but I will say that the board
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00066-00026013-00026708 has been fairly forward-thinking about embracing this in the clinical arena, not only for diagnostic
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00067-00026708-00027267 environments but also even in screening, recognizing the use in pre-conception screening, and even
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00068-00027267-00027667 in healthy individuals if there’s a high threshold for what you return back to the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00069-00027667-00028160 patient, though not, obviously, supporting it yet in a prenatal or first tier newborn
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00070-00028160-00028329 screening environment.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00071-00028329-00028782 A number of recommendations in that just four-page statement that came out.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00072-00028782-00029229 One thing that will be a theme for me is this last statement here, “labs should share
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00073-00029229-00029669 genomic data into public databases,” and I’ll talk a little bit more about efforts
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00074-00029669-00029769 there.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00075-00029769-00030307 There are two work groups that are diving deeper into some of the aspects of these topics.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00076-00030307-00030755 One is a secondary findings workgroup that’s chaired by Robert Green and Les Biesecker,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00077-00030755-00031283 and we’ve been working on trying to define recommendations for what to return to patients.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00078-00031283-00031895 I’m also chairing, along with Pinar Bayrak-Toydemir, a standards and guidelines work group addressing
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00079-00031895-00032319 the laboratory standards for how we implement both targeted and next-gen sequencing, whole
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00080-00032319-00032769 exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing into a CLIA lab environment.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00081-00032769-00033143 And we have a draft now that we’re still working through the last details before we
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00082-00033143-00033604 start disseminating it to the community for feedback.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00083-00033604-00033893 One of the challenges in the clinical lab is we’d like to develop, and we have to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00084-00033893-00034337 for CLIA standards, clear SOP so that every test is run the same.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00085-00034337-00034689 In genomic sequencing, you really don’t want to run every test the same.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00086-00034689-00035264 Each family will have a different assumption about inheritance pattern, different approaches,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00087-00035264-00035608 different family members available, and different strategies, and that it makes it challenging
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00088-00035608-00036131 to implement this in a clinical lab where you really want to have very defined workloads.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00089-00036131-00036584 And as I mentioned earlier, the technology still isn’t perfect, so how do we get the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00090-00036584-00036952 technology to a level that is appropriate for clinical efforts?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00091-00036952-00037451 In terms of genome sequencing, well, we can maybe supplement that with an exome to add
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00092-00037451-00038090 better depth in the exonic regions that are most looked at from an interpretation standpoint.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00093-00038090-00038519 And some of us are thinking about supplementing whole exome with the clinical exome -- those
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00094-00038519-00038900 genes already known to be associated with disease -- to have higher quality data for
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00095-00038900-00039355 those critical regions, even using multiple technologies because each has different error
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00096-00039355-00039969 platforms, specific errors, and all strategies to think about how to best effectively incorporate
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00097-00039969-00040552 this into a clinical environment so that the technical quality’s appropriate.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00098-00040552-00041055 In our lab, we do a lot of targeted next-gen sequencing, and for every test we run, we
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00099-00041055-00041559 fill in every last base with Sanger if anything’s missed, so that at the end, whatever the gene
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00100-00041559-00041968 content of that test is, we have been able to cover it at 100 percent.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00101-00041968-00042458 Of course, that adds significant labor and cost to that process as we iteratively fill
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00102-00042458-00042945 in with Sanger as well as confirm all of the variants by Sanger sequencing.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00103-00042945-00043484 And although this is not a reasonable approach to fill in every last space for a whole exome
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00104-00043484-00044015 or genome, many of us that are using this, even in disease-targeted context, still realize
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00105-00044015-00044332 there’s critical content that has to be there for every patient.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00106-00044332-00044825 So these types of strategies for targeted are also being, you know, implemented, even
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00107-00044825-00045163 in the whole exome and genome approaches that groups are taking.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00108-00045163-00045795 And, of course, adding custom design for confirmatory testing is yet another added challenge to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00109-00045795-00046264 this work flow that is difficult in the clinical lab, but something we’re working on for
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00110-00046264-00046593 our whole genome approaches.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00111-00046593-00047086 The other challenge that we struggle with and have for many years is assessing the evidence
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00112-00047086-00047436 of variants when there’s often very little evidence there.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00113-00047436-00047835 We time our fellows, who are the first tier of assessing variants, how long it takes per
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00114-00047835-00048098 variant that we report out in a clinical context.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00115-00048098-00048469 If there’s no data out there at all, it takes, on average, 20 minutes to search every
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00116-00048469-00049021 database and look at in silico data, and up to an average of two hours per variant when
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00117-00049021-00049206 there are publications.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00118-00049206-00049621 This is obviously dealing with rare variation, not the level of complexity if you were to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00119-00049621-00050026 evaluate a GUS-type variant that has lots of literature on it.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00120-00050026-00050544 And we do about 300 of these a month in our clinical lab, in terms of reporting out the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00121-00050544-00050989 clinical significance of rare variation that may be clinically relevant, and then that
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00122-00050989-00051399 data’s reviewed by counselors as they draft reports, the geneticists who sign it out,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00123-00051399-00051578 for our somatic cancer; also, pathologists.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00124-00051578-00052020 There’s a lot of labor that goes into this process in evaluating the evidence for a variant
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00125-00052020-00052325 before it goes on a clinical report.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00126-00052325-00052661 And the challenge here, and, you know, I’ve been collecting some data on certain tests
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00127-00052661-00053116 that we run, so this is for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one of our gene panels.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00128-00053116-00053676 We’ve tested 3,000 cases to date, found over 500 clinically significant mutations.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00129-00053676-00054238 Two-thirds of them have been unique to a family, so in many cases we get one shot at this.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00130-00054238-00054617 You can’t just wait around for the literature to come out on your variant, because often
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00131-00054617-00054767 it’s not going to be there ever.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00132-00054767-00055114 So this is a huge challenge in the clinical laboratory environment.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00133-00055114-00055554 You know, people say, you know, don’t put it in a clinical lab until it’s well-established.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00134-00055554-00056123 Well, sequencing breaks all of those rules, because we find novel variation every day.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00135-00056123-00056281 In hearing loss, it’s even worse.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00136-00056281-00056698 Eighty percent of the variants are unique to a family with the data we have to date.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00137-00056698-00056945 So this presents a challenge.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00138-00056945-00057516 My variant data problem, you know, we do have public data on variants largely in databases
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00139-00057516-00058162 like dbSNP, the ESP cohort that’s now available, and that’s very useful for general population
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00140-00058162-00058620 frequency data, but it’s largely unannotated with respect to clinical relevance.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00141-00058620-00059092 The data that is annotated with respect to pathogenicity is usually comes from initial
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00142-00059092-00059444 research studies, these LOCUS-specific databases that are out there.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00143-00059444-00059655 Unfortunately, a lot of that data is in error.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00144-00059655-00059916 Large enough controls were not tested.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00145-00059916-00060420 There’s publications coming out that, you know, upwards of over a quarter of that data
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00146-00060420-00060719 is just wrong in terms of its assumptions.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00147-00060719-00061187 So we really need to get larger data sets to make effective understanding of variation.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00148-00061187-00061599 And a lot of that data, actually, today, the best data that we do have access to, or I
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00149-00061599-00062067 should say, that is in existence, is in clinical labs and is not well-published or available
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00150-00062067-00062286 to all us in the public domain.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00151-00062286-00062713 So we have been working to try and come up with ways to solve this.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00152-00062713-00063073 It’s a little awkward to talk about this because it’s a grant under review, but I
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00153-00063073-00063686 think the principles are still common to all of us, and so I want to talk about them as
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00154-00063686-00064148 things we should all think about, whether it’s our grant or other approaches, or ideally
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00155-00064148-00064248 both.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00156-00064248-00064788 So, you know, we need to come up with standards in the community in terms of even how we -- the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00157-00064788-00065348 terms we use to assess variation, the rules to evaluate evidence for those variants, and
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00158-00065348-00065513 how we think about them.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00159-00065513-00065706 And bring data together, you know.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00160-00065706-00066110 And when this project started there was a group that thought there should be a separate
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00161-00066110-00066513 clinical-grade variant database, separate from the other databases we have.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00162-00066513-00066994 The challenge is most of the variants are on some continuum of knowledge and constantly
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00163-00066994-00067370 evolving, and it’s very difficult to say a variant should be -- is ready for the clinical-grade
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00164-00067370-00067657 database versus it’s still in the research environment.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00165-00067657-00068037 I think everything, at some level, is still in the research environment as we learn more
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00166-00068037-00068137 about it.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00167-00068137-00068438 So my hope is that all of this data will be in the same place.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00168-00068438-00068941 We, in clinical labs, use research databases all the time and vice versa, so the goal is
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00169-00068941-00069539 to put it all together, get data out of clinical labs into the public domain, out of LOCUS-specific
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00170-00069539-00070006 efforts, as well as the uncurated population data that’s coming from large studies.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00171-00070006-00070485 Put it in the same place, and then enable expert groups to, through evidence-based and
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00172-00070485-00071024 consensus models, arrive at what our best guess is for those variants.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00173-00071024-00071376 And then that, you know, has a better opportunity to be used in the clinical environment than
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00174-00071376-00071619 what we have access today.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00175-00071619-00072045 And the project that we had proposed, we’re working closely with NCBI, to put this data
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00176-00072045-00072516 in the ClinVar database so that we can ensure that it’s in the public domain, working
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00177-00072516-00072948 with other efforts that are already working in this space but trying to expand it and
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00178-00072948-00073307 consolidate it into one place.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00179-00073307-00073769 We are working closely with the ISCA Consortium that David Ledbetter initiated several years
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00180-00073769-00074263 ago to try and get copy number variation data out of clinical labs into the public domain,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00181-00074263-00074823 and they’ve been very successful with over 30,000 cases to date in dbVar, accessible
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00182-00074823-00075082 to anyone who wants that information.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00183-00075082-00075605 And that -- we’ve learned a lot from their efforts, and we’re now joining forces in
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00184-00075605-00076049 a combined grant to try and expand this to include molecular data.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00185-00076049-00076456 And I, you know, I was concerned about the willingness of clinical labs and even commercial
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00186-00076456-00076739 labs to want to put this data in the public domain.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00187-00076739-00077143 It’s often considered their proprietary data.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00188-00077143-00077533 But I’ve been pleasantly surprised that many, many labs have agreed to participate
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00189-00077533-00077633 in this project.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00190-00077633-00078099 There’s only three that have so far declined -- Myriad, Prevention Genetics, and Medical
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00191-00078099-00078627 Neurogenetics -- but many of these labs, and you’ll see commercial labs here as well,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00192-00078627-00078938 have agreed to participate in this effort and are willing to put this data in.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00193-00078938-00079338 The challenge is it does require resources to get that data out of their systems, to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00194-00079338-00079718 have it all structured in the same way, and be able to put it in the public domain.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00195-00079718-00080230 And so that’s something that we, as a community, need to figure out how to support, when labs
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00196-00080230-00080519 are willing to share this data.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00197-00080519-00080982 Another challenge that I alluded to earlier is how do we update this data over time?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00198-00080982-00081463 The clinical labs face this as an enormous challenge today with sequencing in the clinical
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00199-00081463-00082054 context, and there’s no -- there's no billing mechanism to be able to reinterpret reports.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00200-00082054-00082537 It’s just done, for the few labs that actually do it, it’s done free of charge, in essence,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00201-00082537-00082754 and that’s not a sustainable model.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00202-00082754-00083145 We need to figure out how to do this more efficiently, and the guidelines from the American
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00203-00083145-00083542 College of Genetics are that we should be doing this, but most labs are not.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00204-00083542-00083737 So how do we update data over time?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00205-00083737-00084236 And I’ve been looking at our data over the course of a number of years of reporting on
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00206-00084236-00084669 many different diseases, in this case hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and how we have changed the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00207-00084669-00084937 categories as we’ve learned new things over time.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00208-00084937-00085482 And over a five-year period we had changed categories 300 times with different variants
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00209-00085482-00086008 and different knowledge that was acquired in both directions, going from benign to pathogenic
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00210-00086008-00086183 and vice versa.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00211-00086183-00086838 And we just published some of this data about this sort of arena this past month, and about
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00212-00086838-00087420 4 percent of a physician’s reports per year need to be updated, so it’s a pretty significant
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00213-00087420-00087564 challenge for us.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00214-00087564-00088135 We ended up developing a clinic interface to our laboratory software, where the physician
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00215-00088135-00088717 can go in, get access to their patient reports in electronic form, and the variants are structured
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00216-00088717-00088870 and connected to our variant database.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00217-00088870-00089337 So if we update, if I go in and update a variant, maybe in the context of signing out a new
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00218-00089337-00089882 report, then that automatically will update the variant in the physician’s system.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00219-00089882-00090323 And today they actually get an email alert, without PHI, but a link that lands them on
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00220-00090323-00090711 this page and tells them what the variant information that changed, and so they can
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00221-00090711-00091122 see that information, they can click on the variant, and read the evidence that was the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00222-00091122-00091275 basis for that change.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00223-00091275-00091664 And so this, you know, I could just approve a variant and 1,000 reports could get updated
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00224-00091664-00092189 in seconds, and that makes it much more efficient, to be able to do that and support patient
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00225-00092189-00092338 -- improve patient care.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00226-00092338-00092824 And this activity has been the subject of an NIH challenge grant that David Bates is
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00227-00092824-00093416 the PI of, to look at the usability of the system by physicians, particularly physicians
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00228-00093416-00093823 who have never had any training in it, and how easily can they just go in and figure
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00229-00093823-00094248 it out, and get the updates, and know what’s happened, and grading them on certain tasks,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00230-00094248-00094348 et cetera.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00231-00094348-00094798 And overall -- and I was a little concerned about the system, and that in giving all this
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00232-00094798-00095125 very efficient updating, that the physicians would come back and say, great, now can you
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00233-00095125-00095469 go amend that report for me and sign it out again?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00234-00095469-00095644 And they haven’t largely done that.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00235-00095644-00096005 They’ve been satisfied with the system delivery and the updated information.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00236-00096005-00096419 They can print it out and put it in a patient chart if they want to, and we haven’t really
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00237-00096419-00096539 had to amend reports.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00238-00096539-00097164 So that’s been a great system for us to support this process and improve patient care.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00239-00097164-00097612 Now as we think about expanding these types of systems into genomic medicine, where we’re
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00240-00097612-00097993 dealing with the whole genome, obviously, we can’t ping the physician every time one
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00241-00097993-00098202 of those three million variants changes.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00242-00098202-00098302 It’s knowledge.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00243-00098302-00098727 So there’s got to be more infrastructure to support who gets what alerts, or do you
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00244-00098727-00099304 deliver alerts at all, or do you allow just real-time engagement of that data in clinical
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00245-00099304-00099445 decision support paradigms.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00246-00099445-00099863 And so these are all things that we’re thinking and enabling within the Partners Healthcare
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00247-00099863-00100279 EMR environment in discussing how to do this best, with what strategies.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00248-00100279-00100706 We’ve also been talking to the -- so we disabled the alerting mechanism in the oncology
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00249-00100706-00101316 domain because somatic tumors, those tumors that are genetics-evolved, and updating years
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00250-00101316-00101498 later is not useful.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00251-00101498-00101955 But they have asked us about using the same environment to deliver clinical trial notification,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00252-00101955-00102285 which is, of course, very common within the oncology domain.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00253-00102285-00102827 So we’ve been thinking about expanding this infrastructure to support those types of activities.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00254-00102827-00103263 You know, when we originally developed this infrastructure, we built a network hub to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00255-00103263-00103747 enable many labs to communicate to many health care organizations so everybody didn’t have
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00256-00103747-00104190 to build interfaces to every lab, because that’s expensive architecture, to allow
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00257-00104190-00104743 knowledge sources and labs to share data amongst themselves but still maintain their own interpretations
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00258-00104743-00104843 of data.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00259-00104843-00105266 We’ve talked with Illumina about bringing their CLIA whole genome lab onto this network,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00260-00105266-00105796 being able to robustly share data, and we are rolling out the infrastructure to support
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00261-00105796-00106346 this this month, where labs who agree to share their data can show the variant interpretations
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00262-00106346-00106588 that they have on a variant-specific level.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00263-00106588-00107001 You can click on lab X’s variant, see what they say about that variant, how many cases
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00264-00107001-00107420 they’ve had, what the literature is that supports that, and labs can be able to sort
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00265-00107420-00107933 of import other labs’ interpretations into their system, enabling a much richer sharing
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00266-00107933-00108033 of data.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00267-00108033-00108582 We also have enabled case history sharing, so if I have all of my cases I’ve ever seen
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00268-00108582-00108988 in my system, I can allow that data to be shared with another lab, and we strip all
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00269-00108988-00109465 the PHI off of that, so that if I go into my system I can see my cases with all PHI
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00270-00109465-00110089 in there, but then I can see de-identified cases with some clinical information and which
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00271-00110089-00110489 variants were found in each case, and be able to see that across all the data sets sort
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00272-00110489-00110703 of being shared in that environment.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00273-00110703-00111033 And so we hope that that will enable a richer understanding of this, particularly as we
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00274-00111033-00111499 try to address the challenges of rare variation interpretation.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00275-00111499-00112099 This gene insight system is now being integrated into our EHR environment so that it will become
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00276-00112099-00112586 -- right now it’s been a stand-alone, web-based interface, and that allows us to easily roll
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00277-00112586-00113028 it out to any physician around the world who doesn’t even have an EMR.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00278-00113028-00113486 But we feel like it’s more powerful if we can truly integrate it into the EHR environment
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00279-00113486-00113998 so it’s the same face that any physician logging into their patient electronic health
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00280-00113998-00114114 record will see.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00281-00114114-00114361 So that, by the end of this month, will be integrated into the Partners’ EHR.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00282-00114361-00114829 It will be Partners’ Clinical Genetic Data Repository, is sort of what it’s being called.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00283-00114829-00115275 The same infrastructure and structure data is being pushed into the research patient
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00284-00115275-00115773 data registry so that our RPDR that we use today for a lot of clinical research will
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00285-00115773-00116173 have structured genetic data within it, and that’s obviously supporting many millions
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00286-00116173-00116452 of patients within the Partners’ health care environment.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00287-00116452-00116908 There’s another effort that Scott is leading in terms of the biorepository, consenting
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00288-00116908-00117339 thousands of patients that walk in the door of Partners Health Care, to share, to sign
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00289-00117339-00117897 up for the biorepository and consenting to broad use of that, of that data and their
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00290-00117897-00118075 sample.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00291-00118075-00118732 And we would like to engage other groups in thinking about this data sharing environment,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00292-00118732-00119159 for one of the, perhaps, one of the demonstration pilot projects to be able to use this infrastructure.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00293-00119159-00119615 If labs or groups are interested in getting onto a network and sharing data, we’d be
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00294-00119615-00120092 happy to talk with others who might be interested in that and coming together for one of those
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00295-00120092-00120201 projects.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00296-00120201-00120301 And that’s all.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00297-00120301-00120697 I thank some of the groups that have worked on some of the projects I spoke to, and I’d
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00298-00120697-00120963 be happy to entertain any questions.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00299-00120963-00121072 Marc?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00300-00121072-00121629 Marc Williams: I think it’s really excellent, the work
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00301-00121629-00121849 that’s been done to try and aggregate information.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00302-00121849-00122267 I’d had one comment, and I want to pose a question to some of our payer representatives
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00303-00122267-00122367 here.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00304-00122367-00122914 So the comment is that is one of the benefits that has been touted for whole genome is the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00305-00122914-00123467 fact that you only need to it once, and that, you know, then this information can be repurposed.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00306-00123467-00123851 I think you very eloquently stated that there is, in fact, work involved with that that
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00307-00123851-00124439 could lead to cost and reimbursement issues down the road, and so perhaps we shouldn’t
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00308-00124439-00124990 be quite so forthcoming about the idea of saying this is a one-time cost and then, you
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00309-00124990-00125194 know, it’s basically free to use the information.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00310-00125194-00125734 I think that’s going to generate some very interesting models about how do we actually
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00311-00125734-00126090 reimburse for the updating, and maintenance, and that.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00312-00126090-00126520 But probably beyond the scope of a five-minute discussion.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00313-00126520-00126932 The specific question that I would like to pose to our payer representatives is this
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00314-00126932-00127260 issue of the labs that won’t play.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00315-00127260-00127728 And I’m glad to hear that there's a very small number, but clearly for this to work,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00316-00127728-00128155 I mean, I think we have to have all people, you know, being willing to put their data
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00317-00128155-00128373 in so that we can all benefit from that.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00318-00128373-00128883 Is there a mechanism in the reimbursement side where if we set aside those that are
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00319-00128883-00129548 sole source providers, like PRC, where there’s patent issues, but in situations where laboratories
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00320-00129548-00129766 say, "Well, that’s our information, it’s proprietary, we’re going to use that to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00321-00129766-00130190 be competitive," the payer could say, "Guess what?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00322-00130190-00130577 We’ll use somebody else that’s going to contribute data because in the long run that’s
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00323-00130577-00130710 best for our patients."
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00324-00130710-00131069 Because it’s only that economic pressure that will ultimately, I think, get them to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00325-00131069-00131169 pay.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00326-00131169-00131360 Is that a mechanism that would be possible to explore?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00327-00131360-00131742 Female Speaker: Well, that’s a complicated question.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00328-00131742-00132262 You know, a business relationship with a lab, especially a national lab, is based on lots
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00329-00132262-00132746 of factors, mostly economic, so I think you’re not going to impale yourself on a stake over
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00330-00132746-00132917 that issue.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00331-00132917-00133259 Although the big national labs, I notice, are on the list there, so it’s the smaller
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00332-00133259-00133690 players that, you know, I think, that you’re talking about.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00333-00133690-00134102 And usually the relationships with the labs are over, sort of, quality and economics,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00334-00134102-00134265 not this level of data sharing.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00335-00134265-00134821 So I think probably you’d have to spend some time thinking about that.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00336-00134821-00135612 Now we do actually receive lab data from our labs, again, in the molecular pathology codes
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00337-00135612-00135742 are all these stack codes.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00338-00135742-00136262 Again, when we get more specificity over those things, we will be getting, you know, specific
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00339-00136262-00136850 data, and I’d be curious about what the LabCorps representative has to say about that.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00340-00136850-00137123 So it can be the payer that’s sharing the data, as a pass-through.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00341-00137123-00137464 Female Speaker: I’ll be talking about reimbursement in my
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00342-00137464-00137960 talk, and some of the new changes to reimbursement and what impacts they might have.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00343-00137960-00138548 Marc Williams: One other thought on this, and particularly
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00344-00138548-00138988 for the Medicare program, there’s tools other than, you know, directly reimbursement,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00345-00138988-00139494 that, you know, might be explored as ways to encourage data sharing.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00346-00139494-00139988 So, for example, there’s all the conditions of participation that make providers, you
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00347-00139988-00140594 know, eligible for reimbursement and, you know, there’s all sorts of sort of regulatory
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00348-00140594-00141091 policies throughout Medicare in addition to, you know, the sort of individual reimbursement
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00349-00141091-00141692 for tests that, you know, might be explored as ways of, you know, encouraging that kind
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00350-00141692-00141823 of behavior.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00351-00141823-00142252 But that’s just Medicare, not necessarily private payers, but something to look into,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00352-00142252-00142853 and wasn’t my area of expertise at Medicare, so other folks would have to be, you know,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00353-00142853-00142953 asked about it.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00354-00142953-00143175 Male Speaker: I’m curious --
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00355-00143175-00143466 Female Speaker: Certainly one could imagine the request that’s
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00356-00143466-00143914 made during a contract negotiation that this would be a, sort of, a standard that one was
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00357-00143914-00144097 expected to follow.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00358-00144097-00144600 Male Speaker: I’m curious about John Harley’s Cincinnati
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00359-00144600-00145084 Children’s, about you have 300 cases in which you’ve already done exome sequencing,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00360-00145084-00145440 and that’s all done outside the institution.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00361-00145440-00145884 What level of data preservation are you using?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00362-00145884-00146365 Are you saving the original data, the terabytes, the five terabytes that you get back from
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00363-00146365-00146955 each subject, creating something that’s a petabyte and a half that you have to store?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00364-00146955-00147554 Or are you storing just the final sequence and ignoring the possibility that someone
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00365-00147554-00147898 would want to refilter that data from the beginning?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00366-00147898-00148622 And then how long can -- do you plan to keep that available for requerying and that sort
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00367-00148622-00148722 of thing?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00368-00148722-00148987 Heidi Rehm: So just to clarify, I think the 300 up there
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00369-00148987-00149436 was the number of novel variant assessments per month, but we haven’t done that many
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00370-00149436-00149574 exome sequences.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00371-00149574-00149979 But to address your question, which is a very good one, in terms of data storage.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00372-00149979-00150510 So, we’ve addressed this in the laboratory standards that we’re developing for ACMG
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00373-00150510-00150965 right now, in terms of data storage for next-gen sequencing, and the guideline that we put
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00374-00150965-00151572 out is labs certainly don’t need to keep the raw image files, and that we recommend
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00375-00151572-00152228 that labs keep the read-aligned files, or the BAM files, or the FASTQ files for a period
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00376-00152228-00152803 of time, suggesting between one and two years, and then they keep the VCF file, the variant
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00377-00152803-00153040 call files, indefinitely.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00378-00153040-00153482 At this moment, as a suggested guideline, although a lot of state guidelines and CLIA
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00379-00153482-00153717 guidelines may trump certain things.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00380-00153717-00153925 So those are some basic guidance.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00381-00153925-00154589 I don’t, you know, we do recognize the ability to realign data with better algorithms, and
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00382-00154589-00155042 so not -- so wanting to keep the raw reads in a context and not just the aligned reads
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00383-00155042-00155448 but the non-aligned reads as well so that they could be realigned.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00384-00155448-00155814 But to keep them indefinitely, I think the technologies for sequencing are changing such
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00385-00155814-00156323 that the raw technology is going to be improved such that two years later you’d probably
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00386-00156323-00156855 still want to resequence, and the cost to store data is large enough that you have to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00387-00156855-00157142 balance the cost to store with the cost to redo it.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00388-00157142-00157489 So there’s a lot of things in flux here, and I don’t think we can easily say this
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00389-00157489-00157987 is exactly how you should do it, but we’re making some guidance so that labs that want
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00390-00157987-00158214 guidance can have that.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00391-00158214-00158360 But I still think it’s a moving target.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00392-00158360-00158741 Male Speaker: Mary Relling, last question, and short answer.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00393-00158741-00159326 I guess, okay, and Kelly, really short question and answer, and we’re going to have -- so
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00394-00159326-00159758 I will claim credit or blame for the fact that there’re 20-minute talks and five-minute
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00395-00159758-00159873 discussion periods.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00396-00159873-00160175 We’re over, we’re eating into our break time.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00397-00160175-00160491 That’s fine, because this is a really important part of the discussion.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00398-00160491-00160666 So quick questions, quick answers.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00399-00160666-00161010 Mary Relling: Can you help distinguish for me, because I
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00400-00161010-00161471 totally understand sharing these variant data is super important, and we need to come up
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00401-00161471-00161733 with a national or international resource.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00402-00161733-00162302 What’s the distinction between sharing to GeneInsight versus sharing what you described
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00403-00162302-00162433 in your U41/ClinVar?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00404-00162433-00162639 Heidi Rehm: Yup.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00405-00162639-00163338 So, you know, it’s our hope that, like, for instance, myself, I use GeneInsight, but
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00406-00163338-00163762 I’m going to be sharing all of that data into ClinVar that’s from my lab.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00407-00163762-00164287 But there’s different data structures and capabilities that surround those data sets.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00408-00164287-00164936 So, for instance, to be able to submit full genome data sets into NCBI they have to go
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00409-00164936-00165316 into dbGaP, and there’s a lot of constraints around an access to that data.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00410-00165316-00165862 In GeneInsight, which is a HIPAA-secure environment, because it’s within our Partners’ HIS
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00411-00165862-00166411 system, we can allow patient information to be there and be shared a little more easily,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00412-00166411-00166598 so that’s one distinction.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00413-00166598-00167039 Even though the variant level information I do hope that any lab sharing it within the
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00414-00167039-00167437 GeneInsight network that we’re trying to set up would also then, they would be willing
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00415-00167437-00167558 to submit that into ClinVar.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00416-00167558-00167959 So, you know, I think it’s, at the end of the day, it’s multiple strategies hoping
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00417-00167959-00168367 that we can succeed somewhere or in all of them.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00418-00168367-00168904 But my real goal is to try and get everything as much as possible into the public domain,
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00419-00168904-00169388 but the degree to which the full data structure that some of the more sophisticated IT systems
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00420-00169388-00169930 can support, whether that’s ready and there already, it’s probably not there yet in
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00421-00169930-00170392 ClinVar, but hopefully, over time, we can continue to enhance these systems to really
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00422-00170392-00170769 take the full breadth of data that’s associated with cases and clinical data as well.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00423-00170769-00170891 Male Speaker: Okay, so Kelly, Erwin, and then we’re going
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00424-00170891-00171107 to go on.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00425-00171107-00171682 Female Speaker: So, you have stated that --
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00426-00171682-00171782 Female Speaker: Kelly, use your microphone, please.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00427-00171782-00171882 Male Speaker: Microphone, please.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00428-00171882-00171982 Heidi Rehm: Push that button, yeah.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00429-00171982-00172082 Female Speaker: You state that about 66 percent of your variants
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00430-00172082-00172182 had never been seen before.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00431-00172182-00172685 If you suspect that these are involved in the patient’s condition, how do you return
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00432-00172685-00173046 those information for inclusion in patient health care, or do you?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00433-00173046-00173388 Heidi Rehm: So, we do return any variant found during
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00434-00173388-00173912 targeted testing, whether it’s a variant of unknown significance and marked as such
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00435-00173912-00174012 on the report.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00436-00174012-00174524 And the reason for that is we often try to encourage family member testing, because segregation
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00437-00174524-00174936 for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a dominant disease, the best way to actually understand
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00438-00174936-00175336 if we can get a live score that’s, you know, significant, that can guide us to calling
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00439-00175336-00175453 it pathogenic.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00440-00175453-00175860 So we’ll report those out, and we’ll often do free testing of family members to support
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00441-00175860-00176042 that segregation aspect.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00442-00176042-00176434 So we basically report what we know about a variant, and then over time we may learn
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00443-00176434-00176628 from and increase that knowledge.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00444-00176628-00177017 Male Speaker: So, I applaud you on the integration with
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00445-00177017-00177250 the EMR, and that raises some questions.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00446-00177250-00177795 One of them: Who actually makes the decision which variant gets into the EMR?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00447-00177795-00178557 And then, second, but equally important, the EMR, for any given patient, can be viewed
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00448-00178557-00179262 by many people, you know, from students to nurses to dieticians to -- so, is there any
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00449-00179262-00179902 way that you limit control, regulate access to who is going to actually see the genetic
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00450-00179902-00180060 information within the EMR?
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00451-00180060-00180341 Heidi Rehm: Yeah, so, to answer your first question, anything
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00452-00180341-00180832 that we write on a clinical report would go into the EMR just like any other clinical
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00453-00180832-00181035 report from any other system.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00454-00181035-00181483 As far as access to that data once it’s in there, so we are actually constrained somewhat
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00455-00181483-00181987 by Massachusetts state law that says that only the ordering physician can see data from
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00456-00181987-00182412 a genetic test, if not done -- if done for screening purposes.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00457-00182412-00182805 But we’ve got around that by consenting the patients to allow the entire health care
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00458-00182805-00183321 institution to see that data, and there’s a balance there between restricting access
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00459-00183321-00183896 for very specific situations versus what we believe is the need to have broader access
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00460-00183896-00184145 to really engage this information in the care of a patient.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00461-00184145-00184564 So we are leaning towards, much more towards the side of everyone should have access to
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00462-00184564-00185025 this data, but there’s a long conversation there that gets into some more subtle things
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00463-00185025-00185227 that we don’t have quite enough time for.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00464-00185227-00185373 Get in trouble [laughs].
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00465-00185373-00185848 Male Speaker: I have 25 more questions, but I’m going
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00466-00185848-00186166 to take chair’s prerogative and tell myself to go away.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00467-00186166-00186673 But, so that was a really great introduction to the kinds of things that we want to talk
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00468-00186673-00187141 about over the next day and a half, so thank you, and the next speaker, Debra, is behind
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00469-00187141-00187241 me.
0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00470-00187241-00187242 [end of transcript]
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00000-00001580-00002075 Dolly is the first year media project of Blake Wood, and what we also believe is his first
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00001-00002075-00002543 attempt at coding. The game itself is a free to play platformer that takes about 10 minutes
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00002-00002543-00003090 to complete. It's brief, but the gently told story, art and environment take you on an
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00003-00003090-00003300 emotional and memorable journey.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00004-00003401-00003819 The game begins on a pink screen and a heart rate monitor beats steadily in the background.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00005-00003819-00004264 You're told that it's painful, but you need to give an answer, that it's the right thing
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00006-00004264-00004800 to do, for her sake and yours. It's little detail, but it speaks loudly.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00007-00005414-00005919 The screen fades into this beautiful minimalist setup. You're this tiny black creature perched
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00008-00005919-00006475 on a giant head. A red sun hides behind the forest in the background. There's no instruction,
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00009-00006475-00006973 no guide to tell you what to do. You just wander off on your lonesome. The red sun watches
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00010-00006973-00007500 your first steps from afar. Perhaps you'll find something, maybe courage, maybe closure.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00011-00007670-00008108 The platforming is simple with echoes of Super Meat Boy that are especially apparent in the
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00012-00008108-00008695 wall jumps. Along with the platforms you cross, there are little puzzles to solve. These challenges
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00013-00008695-00009270 may invoke a few retries, but never stutter your momentum. The environment takes a shape
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00014-00009270-00009714 akin to the start of a throat and then transitions into a long vertical stretch like an oesophagus.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00015-00009714-00010200 You're going down into the body and to its depths. And surely there you will find an
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00016-00010200-00010300 answer.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00017-00010847-00011281 Eventually you stumble upon a place up high with giant structures that further humble
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00018-00011281-00011870 your size. Climbing up the chain, you feel so small. Once you reach the top there are
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00019-00011870-00012400 clouds. Is this heaven? You solve the puzzle and the ground shakes fervently. The screen
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00020-00012400-00012961 turns black. It's silent at first, but then the heartbeat returns. It's as steady as before,
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00021-00012961-00013150 but slower, much slower.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00022-00013984-00014397 You're returned to the start, and the landscape that once looked like a face now resembles
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00023-00014397-00015115 a skull. There's nothing to do, but continue onward. The red sun has grown larger. Red
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00024-00015115-00015750 is everywhere. It sits on the tips of spikes spelling danger. The transitions between stages
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00025-00015750-00016333 are sudden, like jump cuts or a skip in your heart. Is her heart skipping a beat? Is time
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00026-00016333-00016881 running out? You continue onward until you reach the slope of the mountain, as it steepens
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00027-00016881-00017600 you slow. The red descends and consumes the sky. The screen goes black again and  the heartbeat dwindles out.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00028-00018300-00018734 Hopefully that gives you an idea of the game's experience. We personally found it very powerful.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00029-00018734-00019220 We also had a chat with the developer, Blake. He told us the game is called Dolly after
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00030-00019220-00019398 the famous sheep clone. The girl with the heart beat was originally meant to be a clone,
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00031-00019398-00019812 but that part was cut out. If you play the game you will spot an animal with some horn
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00032-00019812-00020265 like features that reference it. He was also kind enough to tell us that the game actually
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00033-00020265-00020725 takes place inside the girl's head as she dies. That explains why the visuals get stripped
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00034-00020725-00021099 away and why we get the beautiful minimalist setting.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00035-00021099-00021498 We'd also like to give a shout out to one of our viewers Mikee Loves Indie Games, who
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00036-00021498-00021906 was the one that got us onto Dolly. He actually makes videos too, and you might want to check
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00037-00021906-00022308 out his play through of Dolly. We'll have a link in the description.
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00038-00022308-00022684 That's the end of Dolly, and the end of us. Thanks for watching my name's Laurence, and
0Kh7HCe9A_M-00039-00022684-00022964 my name's Josh; we'll you next time here on indieformer.
0KVgQhwvzOM-00000-00000060-00000606 thanks for joining us on this journey on establishing a no-tech well I don't know
0KVgQhwvzOM-00001-00000606-00001380 if it's no take you guys will see but it's very low very very very low Tech super low and also
0KVgQhwvzOM-00002-00001380-00001944 Wesley's first tank in his room so super excited about this and to share with you guys let's jump
0KVgQhwvzOM-00003-00001944-00002502 into it and the big inspiration for this build was to have an aquarium that I could set up in
0KVgQhwvzOM-00004-00002502-00002940 the house super low maintenance I don't have to worry about algae getting all crazy in it
0KVgQhwvzOM-00005-00002940-00003432 something I can enjoy my fish and not have to do a lot of work with so I think a lot of people can
0KVgQhwvzOM-00006-00003432-00003906 relate to this where we want to keep aquariums but we don't want to do all the work involved a
0KVgQhwvzOM-00007-00003906-00004434 system and a setup like this one that I'm about to show you can help you out so much that way
0KVgQhwvzOM-00008-00004434-00005040 you can enjoy nature inside without having to mess and stress with everything that can come along to
0KVgQhwvzOM-00009-00005040-00005652 running real powerful lights or higher Tech setup first grabbing some sand dirt cause it's free
0KVgQhwvzOM-00010-00005718-00006246 quick impromptu tank got a 55 gallon here you got some sand in the corner here as you can see
0KVgQhwvzOM-00011-00006384-00006912 grab the scene in the backyard went ahead and slopped it up and then plan on doing rocks here
0KVgQhwvzOM-00012-00006912-00007440 I got a bucket of rocks about to put those in lay them down who can imagine when I put the water in
0KVgQhwvzOM-00013-00007440-00007848 the Sand's going to want to go this way so I'm gonna get a piece of geotextile fabric
0KVgQhwvzOM-00014-00007848-00008466 get tucked into here of course smooth these rugs first and put some rocks on top of it
0KVgQhwvzOM-00015-00008784-00009048 it'll help keep a lot of it in place
0KVgQhwvzOM-00016-00009252-00009936 that should help keep it in place all right here we have it with the rocks in it liking it
0KVgQhwvzOM-00017-00010290-00010470 I'm trying to add some water
0KVgQhwvzOM-00018-00010758-00010896 all right fill her up
0KVgQhwvzOM-00019-00011478-00012072 but might as well top off the rest while I'm at it got some for catapus and that one we've got these
0KVgQhwvzOM-00020-00012072-00012810 Ray Rice fish in that one some red antlers in that one we've got some hatchet fish in this one it's
0KVgQhwvzOM-00021-00012810-00013397 a little synodontist in this one somewhere we got some plants in there I got a [__] bounce
0KVgQhwvzOM-00022-00013397-00013932 say that way you could weep over got some guppy grass in there because the mascara y'all can see
0KVgQhwvzOM-00023-00013932-00014418 is seamless that I'm putting in here loves to eat that stuff I would have filled it all the
0KVgQhwvzOM-00024-00014418-00014886 way up but I'm gonna put the fish in today I didn't have a whole lot of cycled water to put
0KVgQhwvzOM-00025-00014886-00015480 in there so this will help cycle the new water and then I'll just add over time it can cycle
0KVgQhwvzOM-00026-00015480-00016026 and season as time goes by that should be enough to get the barbs started because this is actually
0KVgQhwvzOM-00027-00016026-00016632 just a quarantine for these guys now I will have to Top This sand off or the mascara bars we'll
0KVgQhwvzOM-00028-00016632-00017130 kick it up or everywhere and just and make it super cloudy in here cap it with Eco complete
0KVgQhwvzOM-00029-00017130-00017682 this stuff looks nice keeps it down porous so it holds a lot of beneficial bacteria should have put
0KVgQhwvzOM-00030-00017682-00018204 it on there before but we'll do it after let's stick it in a cup and slowly do it on top of it
0KVgQhwvzOM-00031-00018204-00018684 with that fill up with water first so we're gonna kick everything around by the suction
0KVgQhwvzOM-00032-00018684-00019260 and pressure of it and just get it close to the bottom is the best you can just piled up in one
0KVgQhwvzOM-00033-00019260-00019830 spot and spread it out later it's easier let go before that suction hits because if that suction
0KVgQhwvzOM-00034-00019830-00020478 hits it and throws all that water back down there you're gonna make a mess all right Eco complete go
0KVgQhwvzOM-00035-00020478-00021024 completed in so hard to see with this glare right now this is the way the sun is but it's in there
0KVgQhwvzOM-00036-00021024-00021624 I can finally get to the fish all right it's a thirty dollar fish right there little darknessia
0KVgQhwvzOM-00037-00021624-00022230 seamless figure I get some new blood I'm going little buddy he's at his bath so he's good to go
0KVgQhwvzOM-00038-00022332-00022746 hello hey guys expecting something a little bigger I don't even know how big these would
0KVgQhwvzOM-00039-00022746-00023232 come in it's the bigger tank but this will give a nice face to stretch their legs and grow
0KVgQhwvzOM-00040-00023292-00023874 these guys are super cool check those out a week later to let the tank cycle with the barbs and the
0KVgQhwvzOM-00041-00023874-00024588 Pilates the laser of course from a boy Robert from Ray's Aquatics time to finally add these
0KVgQhwvzOM-00042-00024588-00025122 to the collection two weeks after setup the laser Cory's oh he's wearing a big schoolies
0KVgQhwvzOM-00043-00025416-00025638 we'll put them in Wesley's tank oh
0KVgQhwvzOM-00044-00026268-00026460 swim three little bunnies
0KVgQhwvzOM-00045-00026772-00027174 a couple of them still pretty young beautiful
0KVgQhwvzOM-00046-00027683-00028248 I have lots of space between these rocks as you can see there's some red platies in here
0KVgQhwvzOM-00047-00028248-00028848 as well one of Wesley's favorite colors thought he would enjoy those absolutely loving this tank
0KVgQhwvzOM-00048-00028848-00029562 and how it's coming together now this has no filter no Airline no light and it's actually
0KVgQhwvzOM-00049-00029562-00030186 on a North facing wall believe it or not so it's not getting any direct sunlight either way it's
0KVgQhwvzOM-00050-00030186-00030810 always an ambient shade like this is an elegant build easy to recreate doesn't take a whole lot
0KVgQhwvzOM-00051-00030810-00031416 of material not a whole lot of cost really most the cost is in the tank Rock if you're
0KVgQhwvzOM-00052-00031416-00031938 resourceful you can get that pretty cheap I got mine from a landscaping yard it was only five
0KVgQhwvzOM-00053-00031938-00032556 bucks a bag and pretty decent sized bag and then the Eco complete really that's up to you you could
0KVgQhwvzOM-00054-00032556-00033144 cap off with even a smaller rock if you wanted to you don't have to use Eco complete just that
0KVgQhwvzOM-00055-00033144-00033678 lava rock porous lava rock looks really good with that black contrast the same was from the guard
0KVgQhwvzOM-00056-00033678-00034350 dirt and as far as other costs is just in the plants and the fish themselves and really that's
0KVgQhwvzOM-00057-00034350-00035004 up to you in the tank from Petco on half off for a 55 I think 75 dollars plus tax and as far
0KVgQhwvzOM-00058-00035004-00035550 as the plants once that [__] balance say grows over and especially if it weeps over on top over
0KVgQhwvzOM-00059-00035550-00036006 that rock because they can get really long all the way to the length of that tank it'll look
0KVgQhwvzOM-00060-00036006-00036504 really nice and as far as the guppy grass I'll probably end up taking that out after a while
0KVgQhwvzOM-00061-00036504-00037152 it's just a good food source for the barbs plus it holds a lot of biofilm beneficial bacteria so
0KVgQhwvzOM-00062-00037152-00037656 cycling the tank at the beginning it was really helpful to have that in there but as time goes by
0KVgQhwvzOM-00063-00037656-00038202 I'll probably actually transition it over with some bullbitis I think bulbitis underneath the
0KVgQhwvzOM-00064-00038202-00038664 balance they will look really beautiful and then the bull bites will probably grow too
0KVgQhwvzOM-00065-00038664-00039156 big over time and we'll probably have to switch it out for something different and maybe I don't
0KVgQhwvzOM-00066-00039156-00039672 know we'll test out some ferns but stay tuned I'll keep you guys updated on how this goes and
0KVgQhwvzOM-00067-00039672-00040254 and whether we're going to need to put a light on it and how these planes go as well
0KVgQhwvzOM-00068-00040254-00040698 as eventually some of these fish are going to end up going into the fish barn and hope
0KVgQhwvzOM-00069-00040698-00041238 to see them out there which means this tank will always be evolving with new fish and some of you
0KVgQhwvzOM-00070-00041238-00041748 guys may see my last Friday night where I said I wasn't gonna go to the Tampa Bay auction but
0KVgQhwvzOM-00071-00042204-00042900 300 we have about six red I couldn't help myself plus get up to date from what's been
0KVgQhwvzOM-00072-00042900-00043332 in here because a lot of this is about to get moved been in here for a while as well
0KVgQhwvzOM-00073-00043332-00043974 as in here end of day with Wesley's fish tank here did end up going if you want to see what
0KVgQhwvzOM-00074-00043974-00044556 all's in here hit the Subscribe button and the notifications to see that video plus a bunch of
0KVgQhwvzOM-00075-00044556-00045108 videos we're about to come out with turning this Barn into a fish Haven which I'm super
0KVgQhwvzOM-00076-00045108-00045582 excited to share with you guys it's gonna be awesome so join us and I appreciate you
0KVgQhwvzOM-00077-00045582-00046050 guys watching until next time everybody peace have a great one I'll see you on the next one
0KVgQhwvzOM-00078-00046488-00046560 foreign
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00000-00005878-00006261 Good morning everybody it's the weekend before valentine's day
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00001-00006483-00006689 That, was terrible gets the wrong party
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00002-00006886-00007686 So i made valentine's day cinnamon rolls cuz. Jacob up shiz, extra i'm a cinnamon roll artist can i say
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00003-00007879-00008205 Anyway, we woke up this morning the weather's kind of dreary?
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00004-00008317-00008697 And gabriel's got a, new his nap schedule is like
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00005-00008761-00009477 Three hours right smack in the middle of the day, so we're trying to figure out how. That fits in with our weekend adventures
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00006-00009597-00009983 Either, we have to start getting up and doing them in the morning because
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00007-00010047-00010583 At like lunch he goes down for a nap and then gets up for dinner and then goes to bed
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00008-00010621-00010847 So we're kind of we're trying to figure that out?
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00009-00010906-00011444 Fun fact he's sleeping through the night he is it only took 13 months
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00010-00011521-00011927 My, mom told me this day, would come i didn't believe, her but it's here
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00011-00012181-00012381 You, have all the hats
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00012-00012869-00013069 need, to put one on buddy
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00013-00014141-00014391 hey, put your hat on
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00014-00014855-00015055 put it on your hands
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00015-00015220-00015996 Hey, surprise, some time has passed i'm back to my, natural color sara got her hair did
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00016-00016126-00016755 So i was not aware of just how freaking freezing it was outside so our weekend adventures are?
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00017-00016756-00016956 Gonna, be relatively tame this weekend
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00018-00017015-00017215 More like regular
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00019-00017284-00017547 Weekend's regular, but weekend's morning
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00020-00018471-00018671 I'm angry
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00021-00019497-00019848 How's your lunch how's your lunch
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00022-00020587-00020787 didn't really commit to that
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00023-00022137-00022337 we finished our lunch
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00024-00022467-00022858 Can we toyed with the idea of going out but it's
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00025-00022986-00023267 32 i think there are snow flurries and i don't
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00026-00023337-00023914 Really, want something falling from the sky it seems floaty - not floaty droppy
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00027-00023979-00024382 So i think, when i go back, home, so that was our very brief foray into
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00028-00024459-00024659 Its co the real world
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00029-00025400-00025605 Whole lot of nothing happened the rest of the day
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00030-00025682-00026001 We came, home gabriel played, we watched the olympics?
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00031-00026117-00026508 Fed him his dinner plane fed and now we're still watching this
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00032-00026750-00027382 yay, curling i don't understand this sport it's so, weird it's like, corn, hole but with, rocks and ice
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00033-00027470-00027620 We'll see you all tomorrow
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00034-00027620-00028120 Good, sunday morning everybody, the feels-like temperature is currently
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00035-00028183-00028606 16 degrees so of course i'm going to kill you donuts
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00036-00031014-00031379 But i got home when i did because the sleet has started to come down
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00037-00031497-00031814 Can't can't really see it but you can definitely hear it
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00038-00032338-00032817 When it's sleeting outside you stay indoors and watch the emoji movie
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00039-00033046-00033246 Gabriel is not watching the emoji movie
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00040-00036290-00036642 Did you learn a fun slowly annoying new thing to do
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00041-00037519-00037851 well in classic texas fashion, the
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00042-00037978-00038439 Sleeting lasted for about 30 minutes 45 minutes it stopped
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00043-00038546-00038728 The sun came out
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00044-00038728-00038900 Melted it all the way?
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00045-00038900-00039483 And now it's just in the 20s outside sunshine and slight breeze
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00046-00039590-00039787 Actually kind of a nice day
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00047-00039787-00039928 so
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00048-00039928-00040320 Gabriel is napping sarah's napping, and i'm going to the grocery store
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00049-00041637-00041837 nope
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00050-00042555-00042755 so they were
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00051-00042755-00042947 rearranging that store for
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00052-00042947-00043147 Reasons that were not shared with, me
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00053-00043166-00043684 But uh i mean stuff is everywhere i was in there way, longer than i needed to be?
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00054-00043899-00044410 Out from our nap time to get dressed for a. Birthday party
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00055-00045896-00046678 Can you, say, hi, baby, hi, baby, hi baby no
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00056-00051559-00051759 i
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00057-00052274-00052537 Was feeling kind of cooped up so we're going for a walk
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00058-00052652-00052838 it's a lot colder than, we
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00059-00052838-00053389 Realized, we don't have, baby mittens and i feel like a, bad parent now, my hands are cold
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00060-00053389-00053704 Not put on gloves sarah's never walked, this fast in her life
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00061-00054152-00054352 Sometimes the truth hurts baby
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00062-00054466-00054961 So we're gonna close the blog here if we had a nice kind of a low-key weekend i promise we're?
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00063-00054961-00055587 Gonna, get back to our weekend adventures as soon as it stops raining or freezing on the weekend, we can actually go outside
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00064-00055712-00055829 but
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00065-00055829-00056029 We're, gonna get back to that
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00066-00056078-00056353 So thank you all for watching hope, you enjoyed it
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00067-00056423-00056736 Be sure to hit that like button leave us a comment and
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00068-00056819-00057019 Subscribe if you haven't already
0Mn-tc4g_SA-00069-00057110-00057310 See you guys next
0NoWZW_gqn0-00000-00000024-00000384 Hi My name is Mariekris Alana
0NoWZW_gqn0-00001-00000384-00000664 I am 33 years old Filipino citizen
0NoWZW_gqn0-00002-00000664-00001232 and I am looking for a Virtual Assistant position within fast growing, high-energy company
0NoWZW_gqn0-00003-00001368-00001784 For the past 5 years I have been the main point person in our department
0NoWZW_gqn0-00004-00001848-00002000 in doing reports about
0NoWZW_gqn0-00005-00002072-00002448 sales volume & revenues, process admin works
0NoWZW_gqn0-00006-00002448-00002776 and leads in processing statements of accounts nationwide
0NoWZW_gqn0-00007-00002776-00003112 in one of the fast growing companies in the Philippines.
0NoWZW_gqn0-00008-00003272-00003436 I’ve been told by others that
0NoWZW_gqn0-00009-00003436-00003808 I am a resourceful employee who loves to innovate
0NoWZW_gqn0-00010-00003808-00004256 and come up with ideas that will contribute to our group.
0NoWZW_gqn0-00011-00004256-00004456 Currently, I am a fulltime mom,
0NoWZW_gqn0-00012-00004456-00004896 an online seller and a local drop shipper at the time.
0NoWZW_gqn0-00013-00004896-00005168 I do multitasking with less supervision.
0NoWZW_gqn0-00014-00005232-00005512 If you are looking for a fast learner, committed
0NoWZW_gqn0-00015-00005512-00005824 well organized with a detail oriented individual
0NoWZW_gqn0-00016-00005824-00006032 and with an entrepreneurial mindset,
0NoWZW_gqn0-00017-00006032-00006208 I am your candidate.
0NoWZW_gqn0-00018-00006312-00006608 Feel free to connect with me thru my email
0NoWZW_gqn0-00019-00006608-00006920 and skype: mariekris.alana@gmail.com
0NoWZW_gqn0-00020-00007120-00007248 Thank you for watching!
0NoWZW_gqn0-00021-00007248-00007352 Have a great day!
0NoWZW_gqn0-00022-00007352-00007576 and Hope to speak with you soon!
0NRuZhO-nkM-00000-00000927-00001453 Hey there, it's Tyrone from Outsourcing Live and it's been a great month for the month
0NRuZhO-nkM-00001-00001453-00001561 of November.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00002-00001561-00002021 Amazingly, it's been so, so quick and I'm really excited to share with you something
0NRuZhO-nkM-00003-00002021-00002148 that's interesting.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00004-00002148-00002465 Now I don't want to go through all the stats and all that kind of stuff, you can actually
0NRuZhO-nkM-00005-00002465-00002709 check it out on my blog over here.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00006-00002709-00003154 Actually it shows you everything that I've accomplished this month and once again, the
0NRuZhO-nkM-00007-00003154-00003753 blog has increased in traffic which is a great sign particularly my videos on my channel
0NRuZhO-nkM-00008-00003753-00004482 has increased about 32% and also too, all my podcasts have increased by about 30% as
0NRuZhO-nkM-00009-00004482-00004582 well.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00010-00004582-00004942 So it's been a great month in terms of traffic for that side of things and things are growing
0NRuZhO-nkM-00011-00004942-00005042 organically.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00012-00005042-00005575 And also just to mention as well I'm ranked number 8 right now on page one of the keyword
0NRuZhO-nkM-00013-00005575-00006128 term outsourcing so we've finally made it to the first page of Google for the keyword
0NRuZhO-nkM-00014-00006128-00006243 term outsourcing.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00015-00006243-00006734 But, as I've mentioned in the last month's report, I'm going to start to actually show
0NRuZhO-nkM-00016-00006734-00007259 you every one of the monthly videos a little tip that I've discovered over the month and
0NRuZhO-nkM-00017-00007259-00007553 something that you can and something that I think you could easily apply and improve
0NRuZhO-nkM-00018-00007553-00007938 just the traffic for your blog particularly for videos.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00019-00007938-00008415 So as I talk about outsourcing as my particular topic, I'm using very, very heavily right
0NRuZhO-nkM-00020-00008415-00008879 now videos to promote and talk about outsourcing online.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00021-00008879-00009513 And as you may or may not noticed, Youtube has just recently updated their whole Youtube
0NRuZhO-nkM-00022-00009513-00010032 layout and as you can see it's pretty clean, very neat.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00023-00010032-00010293 And there are some pros and cons to it.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00024-00010293-00010954 I personally like it, it's quite nice but in saying that, the old channel did a few
0NRuZhO-nkM-00025-00010954-00011177 extra functions that is missing.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00026-00011177-00011488 It's gone really clean where I can't even see where the words are.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00027-00011488-00011982 So usually on this channel you get a word saying that you're ranked 74th for today for
0NRuZhO-nkM-00028-00011982-00012579 the top amount of traffic that you're getting for etc that kind of stuff.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00029-00012579-00012800 And also too, the comments are also missing as well.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00030-00012800-00013274 You have to actually click onto a link to see all the comments which is very, very important
0NRuZhO-nkM-00031-00013274-00013680 for building lots of traffic and backlink to your site or your channel.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00032-00013680-00014176 So that is something that I think is missing and I think they're just continually editing
0NRuZhO-nkM-00033-00014176-00014297 and modifying.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00034-00014297-00014722 But what I want to share with you today is a little thing that I just discovered myself.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00035-00014722-00015308 Previously, when I was looking this out and checking it out, making sure that what was
0NRuZhO-nkM-00036-00015308-00015945 possible was that before we could only add one link to the right hand side here or left
0NRuZhO-nkM-00037-00015945-00016268 hand side actually to our sites.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00038-00016268-00016533 Now, as you can see I've got 2 links here.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00039-00016533-00017001 I can actually put probably 3, 4, 5 in maybe 10, I'm not 100% sure but I'm just sticking
0NRuZhO-nkM-00040-00017001-00017101 on the safe side.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00041-00017101-00017745 And I've put 2 links specifically keyword-targeted like outsourcing here and Mass Outsource Mastermind
0NRuZhO-nkM-00042-00017745-00017986 which are specifically my websites.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00043-00017986-00018340 This one here is the blog and this one here is to my Mass Outsource Mastermind course
0NRuZhO-nkM-00044-00018340-00018604 which I train people on how to outsource.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00045-00018604-00019064 Anyway the reason why I'm saying this to you is that at the moment you can't see any links
0NRuZhO-nkM-00046-00019064-00019379 or you can't see a line strike through it.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00047-00019379-00019920 And what I mean by that is it means it's a dofollow link which means that whenever link
0NRuZhO-nkM-00048-00019920-00020468 you put there, Google actually passes the link juice back to your blog or to your website
0NRuZhO-nkM-00049-00020468-00020698 which is a huge, huge thing.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00050-00020698-00021080 Like you'll see this is loading up right now in a few seconds.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00051-00021080-00021311 On the left hand side I just had a look at my feed.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00052-00021311-00021854 See these links here, these links have been crossed out which means they're nofollow but
0NRuZhO-nkM-00053-00021854-00022459 when you have a look at the links on the right which are 2 links here, these are dofollow.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00054-00022459-00022945 Now for the people who don't know what nofollow and dofollow means, it means that if it's
0NRuZhO-nkM-00055-00022945-00023415 a dofollow it's a good sign and you want more of those links back to your site particularly
0NRuZhO-nkM-00056-00023415-00023728 where you've got the keyword that says whatever it is.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00057-00023728-00024200 For my term it's outsourcing and that's the reason why Google looks at this highly.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00058-00024200-00024664 So it's a really positive sign that you can actually add more links here directing to
0NRuZhO-nkM-00059-00024664-00024779 your sites.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00060-00024779-00025290 Now I don't recommend going crazy in adding 10 or 15 onto your site or channel.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00061-00025290-00025733 What I recommend you do is just add maybe 2 or 3 so that way it links directly there.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00062-00025733-00025982 And I'll quickly just show you right now how to do it.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00063-00025982-00026136 So you log in to your channel.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00064-00026136-00026627 Click on Edit Channel over here on the right hand side and right over here where it says
0NRuZhO-nkM-00065-00026627-00027029 Info and Settings, you'll be able to actually edit this.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00066-00027029-00027295 Hmm, my fault.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00067-00027295-00027487 I shouldn't be clicking that one there.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00068-00027487-00027737 It should be over here actually, it's down here.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00069-00027737-00027995 So ignore me on what I said there it's actually here.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00070-00027995-00028166 Edit, there we go.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00071-00028166-00028607 There's a button, click on Edit and there we go right here.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00072-00028607-00028827 Oops, stop that.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00073-00028827-00029212 So as you can see right here there's 2 links here.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00074-00029212-00029656 Because it's throwing up advertisements now I don't know why but you can actually add
0NRuZhO-nkM-00075-00029656-00029756 in.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00076-00029756-00030297 For example Add a New Link, I might say SEO Services because I do have SEO Services Company
0NRuZhO-nkM-00077-00030297-00031522 and also I'll put in the direct link to it so it's http://www.seoserviceshq.com.au.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00078-00031522-00032025 So I'll click on Add and guess what, I got SEO Services right there and that's actually
0NRuZhO-nkM-00079-00032025-00032655 added here and I'll click on Save or Apply and you'll see that on the right hand side,
0NRuZhO-nkM-00080-00032655-00033099 that will update with the link back to SEO Services which is fantastic and that's given
0NRuZhO-nkM-00081-00033099-00033730 my PR 6 which is over here, you can see it's PR 6 up here to all these other sites.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00082-00033730-00034127 I'll stop that and it's a positive sign.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00083-00034127-00034975 So if that makes any sense for you, hopefully it does, and obviously the higher the PR links
0NRuZhO-nkM-00084-00034975-00035278 that you get back to your websites the better it is for you.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00085-00035278-00035641 That's all I can say and that's why I think I've been getting a lot more traffic and also
0NRuZhO-nkM-00086-00035641-00036030 a lot more ranking better in Google for all my sites recently.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00087-00036030-00036475 All right, if you really, really enjoyed this, please feel free to leave a comment down below
0NRuZhO-nkM-00088-00036475-00036892 and don't forget to read my monthly report to check out what I talked about that way
0NRuZhO-nkM-00089-00036892-00037253 you can pick up some tips and pointers on how to be able to improve and get traffic
0NRuZhO-nkM-00090-00037253-00037813 from Youtube back to your website and also learn how I outsource all these as well.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00091-00037813-00038260 So if you have any questions just feel free to leave it down below here as you can see
0NRuZhO-nkM-00092-00038260-00038400 at Outsourcinglive.com.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00093-00038400-00038781 All right thanks very much for watching this, my name is Tyrone Shum and I'll see you inside
0NRuZhO-nkM-00094-00038781-00038881 the next video.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00095-00038881-00039013 Bye for now.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00096-00039013-00039362 If you're looking to outsource your video editing or production or looking to learn
0NRuZhO-nkM-00097-00039362-00039869 more about building an online audience using videos then subscribe to my newsletter at
0NRuZhO-nkM-00098-00039869-00040008 Outsourcinglive.com.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00099-00040008-00040522 I'll send you a free video course showing you where to and also how to find the best
0NRuZhO-nkM-00100-00040522-00040786 video editors to outsource your video production.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00101-00040786-00041256 Also, you'll get tips on what software to use and practical tips on getting videos created
0NRuZhO-nkM-00102-00041256-00041442 fast and easy.
0NRuZhO-nkM-00103-00041442-00041943 This video course is completely free so head over to Outsourcinglive.com and enter your
0NRuZhO-nkM-00104-00041943-00042103 email address to get access.
0pcAnqGNZlk-00003-00000534-00000746 Dedicated to each one of us city-dwellers
0pcAnqGNZlk-00004-00000746-00001044 that spent a good percentage of our lives stuck in traffic
0pcAnqGNZlk-00005-00002522-00002772 Looking for a space to park, we keep driving around
0pcAnqGNZlk-00007-00003024-00003150 in the city, at dusk
0pcAnqGNZlk-00008-00003264-00003528 the smart  ones, they zip past ahead of you
0pcAnqGNZlk-00009-00004098-00004248 or else, it's "No Parking"
0pcAnqGNZlk-00010-00004842-00005086 slow down and look for a spot, you are greeted
0pcAnqGNZlk-00011-00005100-00005300 by the impatient grunts from behind
0pcAnqGNZlk-00013-00005548-00005828 disgruntled, we begin our quarrels
0pcAnqGNZlk-00015-00005946-00006196 yes. disgruntled, we begin our usual quarrels
0pcAnqGNZlk-00016-00006276-00006478 unable to reach where we wanted
0pcAnqGNZlk-00017-00006478-00006609 we stop where we could
0pcAnqGNZlk-00018-00006640-00006802 wandering into the wherever;
0pcAnqGNZlk-00019-00006814-00007042 purchasing the whatever's
0pcAnqGNZlk-00020-00007080-00007352 on the sinful interests we payback in installments
0pcAnqGNZlk-00021-00007476-00007758 only for them lucky ones who have planned ahead and got to the beach
0pcAnqGNZlk-00022-00007778-00008166 the sun would have set displaying the colorful grandeur
0pcAnqGNZlk-00023-00008210-00008672 sodium lamps officially declare that it is night indeed
0pcAnqGNZlk-00024-00008914-00009224 car radio sings on: "tons of fun!"
0pcAnqGNZlk-00025-00009338-00009632 nuf is nuf, we say, let's go back home
0pcAnqGNZlk-00026-00009688-00009886 it's 'no left turn' when we've to go left
0pcAnqGNZlk-00027-00009972-00010206 and 'no right turn' when we have to go right
0pcAnqGNZlk-00028-00010232-00010510 and 'no U-turn' if it's chuck let's go back.
0pcAnqGNZlk-00029-00010612-00010866 unable to separate oneself from the traffic worm
0pcAnqGNZlk-00030-00010872-00011236 going by the red-green beats .. slower-faster we pace
0pcAnqGNZlk-00031-00011236-00011436 we crawl on..   crawl on.. on...
0pcAnqGNZlk-00032-00011436-00011524 on...
0PrQVgVPhOI-00000-00000000-00001140 ♫ Lo-Fi Music ♫
0d4pcuTPDJE-00000-00000000-00000509 A Course in ICT Sustainability, by Tom Worthington.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00001-00000509-00001738 Tom is an Honorary Senior Lecturer, in the Research School of Computer Science, at the Australian National University, and an Honorary Life Member of the Australian Computer Society.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00002-00001738-00001910 Introduction
0d4pcuTPDJE-00003-00001928-00002852 ICT Sustainability is about how to assess, and reduce, the carbon footprint and materials used with computers and telecommunications.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00004-00002860-00003824 Over twelve weeks this award winning course teaches strategies for reducing the environmental impact of computers and how to use the Internet to make business more energy efficient.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00005-00003824-00004008 The Problem.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00006-00004018-00004484 ICT is both part of the problem and part of the solution to climate change.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00007-00004494-00005568 A study sponsored by the Australian Computer Society has shown that computers and telecommunications equipment in Australia generated  1.52% of national emissions.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00008-00005584-00006406 This course investigates the contribution of ICT to carbon emissions, and how technology can reduce those emissions,.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00009-00006416-00006740 Bitcoin and Carbon Emissions
0d4pcuTPDJE-00010-00006750-00007658 Digital currency is one technology which has environmental implications. Many computations are required to create each new Bitcoin.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00011-00007658-00009032 Even with specialized hardware, this requires large amounts of energy. How much energy is used, and what are the alternatives, is a topic for ICT sustainability students to investigate
0d4pcuTPDJE-00012-00009044-00009158 Teaching Strategies
0d4pcuTPDJE-00013-00009162-00010624 ICT Sustainability is delivered on-line, supported by a tutor. Each week students read notes, watch videos, do exercises and discuss what they are learning. There are no lectures and no attendance is required,.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00014-00010650-00010848 Assessment
0d4pcuTPDJE-00015-00010866-00011162 There are no examinations for this course.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00016-00011188-00011934 Students answer questions in weekly forums and write assignments about the ICT sustainability of an organization they are familiar with.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00017-00011976-00012562 To help with learning, students are given a weekly topic to discuss and a short weekly quiz.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00018-00012608-00013586 Student forum contributions are assessed by their peers and the quizzes automatically marked as part of the overall assessment, to build each student's depth of knowledge.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00019-00013613-00013676 Enroll Now
0d4pcuTPDJE-00020-00013676-00014016 Enrollments are now open at the Australian National University
0d4pcuTPDJE-00021-00014041-00014946 for ICT Sustainability, course code COMP7310, available online, worldwide.
0d4pcuTPDJE-00022-00014954-00015363 For more details see the free e-book: "ICT Sustainability:
0d4pcuTPDJE-00023-00015378-00015826 Assessment and Strategies for a Low Carbon Future, by Tom Worthington".
0d4pcuTPDJE-00024-00015844-00016620 http://www.tomw.net.au/ict_sustainability/
0f8FMKOvgY0-00000-00000087-00000618 (Bell ringing)
0f8FMKOvgY0-00001-00000618-00001150 (Alexander laughing)
0f8FMKOvgY0-00002-00001466-00001978 This was a clock tower in Tbilisi, Georgia.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00003-00001978-00002509 Every hour, an angel comes out and bangs the bell.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00004-00002509-00003339 We walked by the Tbilisi - the old Tbilisi - wall to get to the clock tower.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00005-00003415-00004100 "Look up there; you can see there's a tree growing up there"
0f8FMKOvgY0-00006-00004184-00004508 Look, we walk really fast!
0f8FMKOvgY0-00007-00005096-00005878 Everywhere in the city you can see the TV tower, the funicular, and the ferris wheel.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00008-00005879-00006493 The funicular station and the funicular were built in 1904.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00009-00006544-00006958 That's Tbilisi behind me.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00010-00007034-00007412 At the top of the hill I took a picture of Tbilisi
0f8FMKOvgY0-00011-00007422-00007830 and my mom took a picture of me taking a picture of Tbilisi.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00012-00008686-00009032 Here we are standing with the TV tower behind us.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00013-00009264-00009692 We're gonna go to the Ghost Castle.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00014-00009692-00010267 I think that castle looks so run down that there might be a few ghosts in there shouting
0f8FMKOvgY0-00015-00010267-00010517 "boo!"
0f8FMKOvgY0-00016-00010517-00010814 I took a picture of a stray cat that I found.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00017-00010862-00011392 At the photo booth we took six pictures.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00018-00011393-00011651 The park also had a carousel.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00019-00011651-00011903 I love Georgian food.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00020-00011903-00012113 This is khachapuri.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00021-00012113-00012441 It's better than pizza.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00022-00012482-00012774 The drinks in Georgia are good too.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00023-00012774-00013110 This is Georgian grape juice.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00024-00013188-00014857 What I like about it is that it is has grapes in it to keep it fresh.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00025-00014994-00015298 The grape juice is very good.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00026-00015340-00015708 I was trying to guess the words on this receipt.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00027-00015709-00016237 The Georgian alphabet is very cool and complicated.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00028-00016237-00016943 This is not Georgian, though it's something that I made up in Georgia.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00029-00016990-00017604 I also made a map because the apartment we were staying in was SO big.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00030-00017716-00018240 These are pads so you can keep your shoes on while you go around the house, so you don't
0f8FMKOvgY0-00031-00018240-00018457 have to take off your shoes.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00032-00018457-00018962 (Rebekah) Can you show me how they work?
0f8FMKOvgY0-00033-00019248-00019348 See?
0f8FMKOvgY0-00034-00019372-00019642 In the front room there was a pool table.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00035-00019646-00020016 We played pool every day.
0f8FMKOvgY0-00036-00020120-00020520 Malachi, did you have a good time in Georgia?
0f8FMKOvgY0-00037-00020520-00020688 Yes, I did.
0iSze3QKwmY-00000-00000000-00000050 ANGER OF GOD (R.I.P.1990-2000)
0jfQO6kmqPc-00000-00001100-00001900 Deepika Padukone shares a throwback picture with Ranbir Kapoor, takes us back to 'Tamasha' days
0jfQO6kmqPc-00001-00002000-00003400 Deepika Padukone shares a throwback picture with Ranbir Kapoor, takes us back to 'Tamasha' days The picture is a still from the movie 'Tamasha' which starred the two actors in lead roles.
0jfQO6kmqPc-00002-00003500-00005000 Deepika Padukone is one of the most sought-after actresses of Bollywood. The actress was last seen in 'Padmaavat' in which she left us mesmerised with her powerful performance.
0jfQO6kmqPc-00003-00005100-00007000 Since 'Padmaavat' that released in January this year, Dippy darling has not signed any new film. While we can't wait to watch her dazzle on screen yet again, the actress shared a throwback picture on Sunday with Ranbir Kapoor.
0jfQO6kmqPc-00004-00007100-00008500 The picture is a still from the movie 'Tamasha' which starred the two actors in lead roles.    On the personal front, Deepika is rumoured to be in a relationship with Ranveer Singh.
0jfQO6kmqPc-00006-00012000-00012700 Ranbir is rumoured to be dating his Brahmastra co-star Alia Bhatt. .
10Wuphi_mZg-00000-00142008-00143246 effort!
12SfbfZazpA-00000-00000000-00000852 all right I see a bad little white girl you might run up on it real quick yo how you doing
12SfbfZazpA-00001-00001008-00001386 can I talk to you can we talk for a second come here
12SfbfZazpA-00002-00001482-00002064 I'm trying to talk to you I'm trying to talk to you because you look good and I just want to get
12SfbfZazpA-00003-00002064-00002814 to know you if possible I can't get to know you why you just did you're screaming at me no but
12SfbfZazpA-00004-00002814-00003497 I'm asking why though okay but I'm approaching you being confident but you look good I'm just trying
12SfbfZazpA-00005-00003497-00004086 to know if I could get your Snapchat or something and take you out maybe uh wherever you want to go
12SfbfZazpA-00006-00004404-00004596 you're not interested you got a boyfriend
12SfbfZazpA-00007-00004866-00005544 all right can I at least put my number in your phone before I go no all right
12SfbfZazpA-00008-00005940-00006162 okay then you can continue walking I'm sorry
12SfbfZazpA-00009-00006162-00006492 I interrupted you okay have a good one have a good walk
12SfbfZazpA-00010-00007481-00007692 huh yes
12SfbfZazpA-00011-00007920-00008418 no you just told me you didn't you just told me you didn't know me though
12SfbfZazpA-00012-00008796-00009132 okay come here for a sec can we talk right here before you get him
12SfbfZazpA-00013-00009216-00009948 you said what take a picture excuse me take a picture of me on your car okay go ahead
12SfbfZazpA-00014-00010314-00010860 you got it yeah but you I'm confused because you just like was weirded out and I apologize
12SfbfZazpA-00015-00010992-00011754 this car okay but I apologize for like you know doing that like um approaching you like
12SfbfZazpA-00016-00011754-00012210 that yeah that was weird okay but you still say you wasn't interested so I was gonna let
12SfbfZazpA-00017-00012210-00012642 you go yo can you finish talking to me bro like where are you going what are you doing
12SfbfZazpA-00018-00012834-00013122 like all right you want to get in all right come on we can we
12SfbfZazpA-00019-00013122-00013458 have a quick combo and then you can continue going where you were going
12SfbfZazpA-00020-00013674-00014178 that one all right so what you wanted to get in the car for because it's a
12SfbfZazpA-00021-00014178-00014790 nice [__] car okay but what I'm saying is you just told me you wasn't interested but
12SfbfZazpA-00022-00014790-00015119 I didn't know you had this car when I said that duh that's why I got in
12SfbfZazpA-00023-00015288-00015888 you know you hit you got that toxic guy [__] in my car that [__] is toxic
12SfbfZazpA-00024-00016116-00016698 you ain't even ask me so all right cool cool whatever but yo tell me more about
12SfbfZazpA-00025-00016698-00017490 you though tell me more about yourself um you know okay do my online sugar baby
12SfbfZazpA-00026-00017628-00018282 your sugar baby yeah so you get racks from that also you're not used so you used to this like you
12SfbfZazpA-00027-00018282-00018924 used to be preparing for yourself hell yeah but a lot of the people on there or like like I've
12SfbfZazpA-00028-00018924-00019470 never met someone young with a nice car like this is good ready I mean I like that this car
12SfbfZazpA-00029-00019470-00020220 is expensive yeah it's like seventy thousand dollars yeah it is but I mean still though I'm
12SfbfZazpA-00030-00020220-00020634 still confused because you just told me you wasn't interested in me he was being kind of
12SfbfZazpA-00031-00020634-00021090 rude out there and I apologize like I said for coming off yeah that was weird that was really
12SfbfZazpA-00032-00021090-00021498 nice I apologize for that but like at the end of the day though you still told me you wasn't
12SfbfZazpA-00033-00021498-00021966 interested in me and that you had to go home what are these buttons up here though do you want to
12SfbfZazpA-00034-00021966-00022710 close my windows yeah can I do that okay I'm just gonna make myself at home if that's okay we could
12SfbfZazpA-00035-00022710-00023598 yeah but I'm just I'm still just confused though why because you just told me that you had a man
12SfbfZazpA-00036-00023676-00024144 no I didn't I said I didn't have a boyfriend so no when I count you on the side of the street it's
12SfbfZazpA-00037-00024144-00024552 like I didn't I didn't know that you were success like you have to be successful to have this car
12SfbfZazpA-00038-00024552-00025050 and you're a young successful person I'm young I need someone else who's young and I want to bust
12SfbfZazpA-00039-00025050-00025668 down in this thing you want to bust down uh-huh what that mean what does that mean you know what
12SfbfZazpA-00040-00025668-00026645 tell me I wanted you to tell me what it is you woke bro hell yeah I thought you just talking um
12SfbfZazpA-00041-00026748-00027636 but a lot of the guys on my sugar baby apps you heard something I said shakes on oh
12SfbfZazpA-00042-00027900-00028554 if you say you saying all of that you're saying you're gonna pop whatever for the Hellcat we
12SfbfZazpA-00043-00028554-00029670 can show you show me oh yeah that's what I can I can you can get that because I don't what I need
12SfbfZazpA-00044-00029670-00030324 someone who's young and can support me pretty I mean I respect that I got I could respect that
12SfbfZazpA-00045-00030324-00031224 right but at the same time I need you to realize that you know it's not all about money I feel like
12SfbfZazpA-00046-00031410-00031698 it's not all of them maybe that's just my sugar baby mindset
12SfbfZazpA-00047-00031854-00032118 you don't want somebody that's going to treat you right you just want the money
12SfbfZazpA-00048-00032856-00033186 well we're about to drop down my car like where are we going
12SfbfZazpA-00049-00033426-00033900 oh you really just blew that in my face too that's crazy where are we going though bro
12SfbfZazpA-00050-00033960-00034842 um to like Toronto or something do I try to why not because that's like a h
12SfbfZazpA-00051-00035232-00035634 what's wrong with Wendy's cheap as [__] you don't want to go to Wendy's
12SfbfZazpA-00052-00035748-00036516 so we have to go to Charter um or somewhere else expensive why does it have to be expensive but if
12SfbfZazpA-00053-00036516-00036936 it's good it's good though when these food isn't good though because it's not made expensively
12SfbfZazpA-00054-00037614-00038286 I'm trying to say ah but if you're not dropping a bag on me I don't [__] want
12SfbfZazpA-00055-00038286-00038826 it except if I'm not what dropping a bag on me you said if I'm not what dropping a bag on me
12SfbfZazpA-00056-00038952-00039672 can I have all this what do you mean can you have it it's mine mine now I mean I could
12SfbfZazpA-00057-00039672-00040086 spin it that's what I get for that's what I get for talking to you for this [__] long
12SfbfZazpA-00058-00040266-00040578 so you gotta just take it I mean I'll spend it on you
12SfbfZazpA-00059-00040854-00041544 two hey yo I need you to relax I you said drop a bag on y'all drop the bag I showed
12SfbfZazpA-00060-00041544-00042000 you I got the bag but the thing is what can you do for the bag and don't even say no weak
12SfbfZazpA-00061-00042000-00042450 [__] like pop my [__] for the Hellcat I don't want to hear it you already said that
12SfbfZazpA-00062-00042450-00042954 like tell me what you could do what can you offer a man like nothing you can't offer me
12SfbfZazpA-00063-00042954-00043470 anything I I'm pretty okay I mean it's nice to look at a lot of girls are pretty though
12SfbfZazpA-00064-00043968-00044400 there's enough guys with money to fix all the girls that are pretty and don't
12SfbfZazpA-00065-00044400-00044760 want to do anything okay so then why are you here with me because you have money
12SfbfZazpA-00066-00045012-00045072 all right
12SfbfZazpA-00067-00045558-00045768 I don't understand I just feel like
12SfbfZazpA-00068-00045978-00047130 you don't care about me you just care about this yeah is that bad like that wait
12SfbfZazpA-00069-00047298-00047910 I think you need to change your mindset about your life should literally be about spoiling a pretty
12SfbfZazpA-00070-00047910-00048840 girl why should that be my life because that's men's only purpose how that's just how how it is
12SfbfZazpA-00071-00049296-00049452 are you being serious huh
12SfbfZazpA-00072-00049692-00049824 my girl calling me
12SfbfZazpA-00073-00050502-00051036 you might not you ain't you didn't even ask me anything you don't even know my name what's my
12SfbfZazpA-00074-00051036-00051954 name um are do you care to know if you slide me like 2K can you ask me what my name is though
12SfbfZazpA-00075-00052044-00052734 what's your name Thomas what is your name I didn't even get it Brittany Brittany yeah
12SfbfZazpA-00076-00052914-00053310 are you telling me the truth so Brittany what are we about to do
12SfbfZazpA-00077-00053417-00053694 it's going to a nice [__] restaurant like black and low
12SfbfZazpA-00078-00054036-00054498 what are you gonna order though that's what this is how I feel you're a gold digger
12SfbfZazpA-00079-00054744-00055704 you're a gold digger ask me why because why because you literally told me that you weren't
12SfbfZazpA-00080-00055704-00056298 interested in me until you seen my car yeah I don't give a [__] okay I did wait can I tell
12SfbfZazpA-00081-00056298-00056898 you it did but like what is the reason behind what you do you do though I'm really confused
12SfbfZazpA-00082-00056982-00057605 money I'm Money Motivated you're Money Motivated only you don't care about me as
12SfbfZazpA-00083-00057605-00057936 a person have you ever dated somebody because you actually loved them no
12SfbfZazpA-00084-00058176-00058782 I wanted money I have a lot of money as you can see a lot of it and I have more this is
12SfbfZazpA-00085-00058782-00059400 just shopping money we can go shopping if you want just playing you're a gold digger you're literally
12SfbfZazpA-00086-00059400-00059976 a goat [__] you [__] oh my God is your eye okay yo you just smacked me oh my God yo get out
12SfbfZazpA-00087-00059976-00060498 my car bro yo get out of my car before I really get serious yo this is a prank too this is a prank
12SfbfZazpA-00088-00060498-00060912 and you just smack you know get out my car for I actually caught a cop store real [__] get out
12SfbfZazpA-00089-00060912-00061446 of my car get out of my favorite numbers no get on my card bro get on my car before I call the cops
12SfbfZazpA-00090-00061446-00061914 on you real [__] you just put it get out of my car get out of my car get out of my car okay
12SfbfZazpA-00091-00062076-00062940 and take this hide too here go get out my car wow y'all she just literally smacked me in my face yo
12SfbfZazpA-00092-00062940-00063840 that hurt it's good though Graham that hurt but y'all exposing gold diggers all 2022 this [__]
12SfbfZazpA-00093-00063840-00064254 is crazy get it back in and I'm gonna go follow the report on that because that's ridiculous
14MXZzQybkU-00000-00000000-00000405 Two years
14MXZzQybkU-00001-00000408-00000815 ago I was at rock bottom.
14MXZzQybkU-00002-00000817-00001235 I was incarcerated facing forty years for a severe drug addiction.
14MXZzQybkU-00003-00001237-00001637 I made a decision then to turn my life around.
14MXZzQybkU-00004-00001639-00002046 One of the things that recovery has taught me was
14MXZzQybkU-00005-00002048-00002451 I had to change everything. So part of that I had to look at my
14MXZzQybkU-00006-00002453-00002861 work history. Working dead-end jobs, things that were not conducive
14MXZzQybkU-00007-00002863-00003277 or healthy for me. So I made a decision to go back to school.
14MXZzQybkU-00008-00003279-00003690 So I go to Nicolet and I talk to LeAnne,
14MXZzQybkU-00009-00003693-00004110 my academic advisor, and I was open and honest with her and
14MXZzQybkU-00010-00004112-00004523 told her exactly where I came from: my background and the issues
14MXZzQybkU-00011-00004525-00004940 I was facing. Surprisingly enough, she helped me and guided me through
14MXZzQybkU-00012-00004942-00005361 all of that. It was an experience that I
14MXZzQybkU-00013-00005363-00005765 will always cherish. That a complete stranger
14MXZzQybkU-00014-00005767-00006175 helped me achieve the goals that I was setting. My experience is
14MXZzQybkU-00015-00006177-00006584 a genuine one, honest and open,
14MXZzQybkU-00016-00006586-00006898 and good things will happen and good things have happened.
1773OLDN4P8-00000-00001217-00001350 [Music] [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00001-00001350-00001684 [Music] we're gonna keep going.
1773OLDN4P8-00002-00001684-00002436 [__] he got a mouth full ago I think I'll go stupid well that [__] because I always
1773OLDN4P8-00003-00002436-00003547 want to show I got hit [__] I know damn Auntie where you from baby St Louis [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00004-00003547-00003647 you down here for
1773OLDN4P8-00005-00003647-00004331 what you do for a living you a nurse [Music] look at all the [__] who going to school
1773OLDN4P8-00006-00004331-00005760 to be a nurse I'm on my way
1773OLDN4P8-00007-00005760-00006706 I just got my scratches [Applause] yeah, I bet you still ain't got now freshman [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00008-00006706-00009661 shut up it's a [__] who graduated you down here as a nurse oh you're in Dallas as
1773OLDN4P8-00009-00009661-00010820 a nurse oh okay that's your friend right there that's your daughter that's your dog I can
1773OLDN4P8-00010-00010820-00011886 tell y'all look like what you do dog you're a doctor yo who PCT [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00011-00011886-00013219 a b c e m g e [__] what is a PCT?
1773OLDN4P8-00012-00013219-00014071 a personal care technician person that can't take Nation I didn't know that was technical
1773OLDN4P8-00013-00014071-00014618 you taking care of somebody is technical how you technician somebody's Health [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00014-00014618-00016905 what is a PCT you got to break that down [__] I'll do comedy [__] like I used to sell
1773OLDN4P8-00015-00016905-00019367 drugs so I don't know what the [__] you do so you wake up and go to work every morning
1773OLDN4P8-00016-00019367-00021706 I  don't care home health care so the [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00017-00021706-00022165 work at the house so you're an operator
1773OLDN4P8-00018-00022165-00022798 this [__] is an emergency operator what's up people in the backpack.
1773OLDN4P8-00019-00022798-00024064 y'all really close look at them let me put a roller coaster light on y'all say cheese
1773OLDN4P8-00020-00024064-00025876 let me see who we got right there [__] on the rail what you do for a living [__] on
1773OLDN4P8-00021-00025876-00027512 the rail you're a supervisor [__] oh what [__] [__] you, you could be the supervisor
1773OLDN4P8-00022-00027512-00027612 Whataburger stupid a$$.
1773OLDN4P8-00023-00027612-00027919 hey why y'all don't say I don't honey butter biscuits all day sometimes.
1773OLDN4P8-00024-00027919-00030200 you got to put too much honey I'm like yeah, I know it's honey on here [__] just real
1773OLDN4P8-00025-00030200-00031399 honey damn shouts out to everybody that's on lean don't really know what a nigga's saying
1773OLDN4P8-00026-00031399-00031502 right now.
1773OLDN4P8-00027-00031502-00032082 y'all [__] be getting them out that stupid ass [__] all right who else we got a bit
1773OLDN4P8-00028-00032082-00032182 more.
1773OLDN4P8-00029-00032182-00033122 I won so I can show your [__] my dick print [__] [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00030-00033122-00033272 [__] you
1773OLDN4P8-00031-00033272-00034172 your dick ain't real [__] [__] wrong with you I'm gonna come in and kick that [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00032-00034172-00034546 don't you stupid she gonna hit in the chick [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00033-00034546-00035233 hey I got my best friend she gave [__] I know how old let me tell her [__] you
1773OLDN4P8-00034-00035233-00036193 gotta put that up [__] I know I'm your home Bubba [__] this [__] ain't cool
1773OLDN4P8-00035-00036193-00037187 what's your name you say that's on that [__] now come on we're gonna be friends now come
1773OLDN4P8-00036-00037187-00038750 on be the man that you're trying to be [__] [Applause] been trying to turn back into a
1773OLDN4P8-00037-00038750-00040524 girl now [__] sway housewife [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00038-00040524-00041036 I was not playing LGBT Elemental pink your ass TV [Applause] I'll just play don't call
1773OLDN4P8-00039-00041036-00042743 nobody on me really you can't say nobody yeah, but they'll pull up with all the type of dicks
1773OLDN4P8-00040-00042743-00043722 and they have to airplane.
1773OLDN4P8-00041-00043722-00045594 I got you playing what you say baby here's some [__] talking to me what you say you
1773OLDN4P8-00042-00045594-00046693 love me I love you too oh get up let me see now sit down [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00043-00046693-00046793 [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00044-00046793-00047597 I'll give you some chewers or something I just playing I love you too baby I'll tear
1773OLDN4P8-00045-00047597-00048487 that ass up at four o'clock in the morning what you say oh you got some [__] kid
1773OLDN4P8-00046-00048487-00049484 here then [__] I take all that [__] who ain't your thong [__] you got a suspender
1773OLDN4P8-00047-00049484-00050880 though spin Stone connected to her pants give it to me baby what this is right here okay
1773OLDN4P8-00048-00050880-00052358 that's a small been giving out everybody's shirts who this for oh it's for me I can't
1773OLDN4P8-00049-00052358-00053866 even think of it now how many people you brought it for me Chico Carlo thank you baby what's
1773OLDN4P8-00050-00053866-00055207 your sister so what they say oh you know we support black businesses I don't know if you
1773OLDN4P8-00051-00055207-00056484 bought it like this or if you made it [__] if you made it go uh buy this [__] at
1773OLDN4P8-00052-00056484-00057700 the middle of the mall H-Town what they say [__] you mean you better sit up I put
1773OLDN4P8-00053-00057700-00057994 this dick on your forehead [__] how are you here 33.
1773OLDN4P8-00054-00057994-00058564 no that [__] ain't been played within three months but I'm always getting [__] they
1773OLDN4P8-00055-00058564-00059716 get dick every four months I love you what you do for a living your way she said aha.
1773OLDN4P8-00056-00059716-00060649 [Applause] [Music] perfect [Applause] I love aha sit down [__] why y'all changing the
1773OLDN4P8-00057-00060649-00061261 burgers in that International Harper Burgers that's the stupidest [__] ever [Music] they
1773OLDN4P8-00058-00061261-00061763 just trying some new [__] you know with some stupid [__] okay do anybody even buy
1773OLDN4P8-00059-00061763-00062137 Burgers from that [__] they do who white people okay.
1773OLDN4P8-00060-00062137-00062773 how long you been working at IHOP 12 yeah God damn you, you ain't the supervisor [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00061-00062773-00063041 can you have this [__] fill out an application.
1773OLDN4P8-00062-00063041-00063191 it's been passing out pancakes.
1773OLDN4P8-00063-00063191-00063666 you need to go on strike like this is a government job [__] that.
1773OLDN4P8-00064-00063666-00064374 have you seen somebody get promoted before you but it's 12 years I supposed to own me
1773OLDN4P8-00065-00064374-00064976 an IHOP [__] you still a waitress you eat a cup it ain't worth it it's where yeah [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00066-00064976-00065507 you are thinking of something I would have turned into somebody in that [__] what color
1773OLDN4P8-00067-00065507-00065643 is the manager shirt?
1773OLDN4P8-00068-00065643-00066305 [__] you need to go make up a color and act like you're the manager go back in that
1773OLDN4P8-00069-00066305-00066611 [__] maybe they'll up your pay ain't that right PCT.
1773OLDN4P8-00070-00066611-00067055 what you do for a living OG don't look at your girl like she got the answers [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00071-00067055-00067594 yo [__] what you do for a living time ah [__] yeah, it's your turn stupid ass
1773OLDN4P8-00072-00067594-00067894 boy front row you said life insurance
1773OLDN4P8-00073-00067894-00068692 why you are saying life for sure [__] how do you say a life insurance you go to
1773OLDN4P8-00074-00068692-00068792 dope.
1773OLDN4P8-00075-00068792-00069482 y'all got meetings like real tall I say football came this in your establishment.
1773OLDN4P8-00076-00069482-00069770 I won't get your life insurance.
1773OLDN4P8-00077-00069770-00070479 I'm a customer [__] don't get scared [__] I'm a customer now you're making me nervous
1773OLDN4P8-00078-00070479-00070864 I'm gonna think you taking my money let's do this again ding dong hey I want to get
1773OLDN4P8-00079-00070864-00071757 the life insurance this is a gangster crab bro a whole lot of ladies in here with their
1773OLDN4P8-00080-00071757-00072611 girlfriend what the [__] y'all throw dick away y'all like that no more why y'all like
1773OLDN4P8-00081-00072611-00072737 that homo.
1773OLDN4P8-00082-00072737-00073197 I don't know what dick you had but my dick cleans your skin up.
1773OLDN4P8-00083-00073197-00073597 [__] with me for three weeks your edges and [__] start growing back.
1773OLDN4P8-00084-00073597-00074078 confidence that went through the [__] roof fella stop giving me your girl compliments
1773OLDN4P8-00085-00074078-00074907 man compliment every goddamn thing everything just hype your lady up they love that [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00086-00074907-00076479 women love some goddamn compliments they like compliments so much you can put yourself in
1773OLDN4P8-00087-00076479-00077260 the goddamn compliment and they'll still accept it who got the baddest [__] in Maryland
1773OLDN4P8-00088-00077260-00078561 me who put dick in that time [__] this [__] here
1773OLDN4P8-00089-00078561-00080451 just when she walking through the house babe damn that ass getting fat [__] when you
1773OLDN4P8-00090-00080451-00081112 get that fine oh I'm so lucky they love this [__] bro compliment the [__] out your
1773OLDN4P8-00091-00081112-00082022 lady at home so those [__] outside can't do it these women look so good now gay [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00092-00082022-00082680 will take them from you yeah they don't need one [__] they'll just take them gay [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00093-00082680-00083524 cause they gonna compliment the [__] out of them uh-uh [__] what you doing no you
1773OLDN4P8-00094-00083524-00083908 didn't [__] with the clear skin [__] for real edges is laid the [__] down like
1773OLDN4P8-00095-00083908-00084976 they sleep [__] that ain't baby hair [__] that's infant hair your baby hair is infant
1773OLDN4P8-00096-00084976-00085652 hair [__] you killing these hoes with the crinkly no crinkliest no crinkles no you
1773OLDN4P8-00097-00085652-00085752 didn't
1773OLDN4P8-00098-00085752-00086504 killing me you know what [__] you killing me kill me bring me back like kill me again
1773OLDN4P8-00099-00086504-00087425 [__] yeah yes eyebrows doing what the [__] they supposed to do yes [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00100-00087425-00088639 School me rule me [__] they just throw [__] [__] what is you doing a little
1773OLDN4P8-00101-00088639-00089570 chocolate no you didn't [__] with the cute little line up looking like a Hershey
1773OLDN4P8-00102-00089570-00090795 bar stop [__] you better stop I'll be your girlfriend hello [__] stop playing
1773OLDN4P8-00103-00090795-00091225 with your little muscles been working out too long got your pants pulled up looking
1773OLDN4P8-00104-00091225-00092706 like a gentleman Kill Em [__] like a real [__] you got all the hoes yes
1773OLDN4P8-00106-00095726-00097081 work no more that don't work no more bro oh gee when you 
1773OLDN4P8-00107-00097081-00097758 drink get here compliment the [__] out your later I'm telling you just make up some
1773OLDN4P8-00108-00097758-00099312 [__] on the way home hey you know what I like back we said to show how you were laughing
1773OLDN4P8-00109-00099312-00099955 baby when you land you're, you're cute as [__] are you little ill pickup I love
1773OLDN4P8-00110-00099955-00100813 that [__] I'm finding something bro find something I'm telling wake up hey you sleep
1773OLDN4P8-00111-00100813-00101632 I didn't want to tell you about you cute here I had a dream I wish you woke up seeing that
1773OLDN4P8-00112-00101632-00102113 she was real I'm telling you dog trust me
1773OLDN4P8-00113-00102113-00103480 got a gangster lady in the car what's up Gangster lady got that picture on what's up oh fine
1773OLDN4P8-00114-00103480-00104340 still I [__] with the lady with that patch on she'll never see half the [__] I'm
1773OLDN4P8-00115-00104340-00104452 doing [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00116-00104452-00105005 I saw you with that [__] you ain't so [__] you better turn this way and see
1773OLDN4P8-00117-00105005-00105342 I was by myself [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00118-00105342-00106149 Who you gonna believe me or your lying ass I [Applause] foreign.
1773OLDN4P8-00119-00106149-00106283 oh [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00120-00106283-00106383 stop
1773OLDN4P8-00121-00106383-00107140 these your jokes bro that's how the [__] we get down up in here what's up bro jay how
1773OLDN4P8-00122-00107140-00108125 you living my [__] and they got a pheasant head on old hat made on some [__] bathroom
1773OLDN4P8-00123-00108125-00109485 rug who you in here with who you here with that's your friend and who are they, they
1773OLDN4P8-00124-00109485-00110376 just some latest but that's your friend how long you been friends with this name you've
1773OLDN4P8-00125-00110376-00111472 known him since middle school he wants some [__] he can't stay up almost said for
1773OLDN4P8-00126-00111472-00112786 he not really into you like they want he wanted some [__] he, he just been waiting since
1773OLDN4P8-00127-00112786-00112945 middle school
1773OLDN4P8-00128-00112945-00114074 you didn't [__] way worse than him get that [__] opportunity to show you why
1773OLDN4P8-00129-00114074-00114680 he been hanging around you you're skipping over that's the [__] that's gonna [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00130-00114680-00115346 your wig off you knows why because he wants to, he's been wanting to since he was 13.
1773OLDN4P8-00131-00115346-00117025 okay trying to be friends with a [__] okay telling you now if you don't believe
1773OLDN4P8-00132-00117025-00119392 me just throw him a little [__] see how you start you already trust them enough to
1773OLDN4P8-00133-00119392-00120502 be seen with them in public and [__] might as well scan off all your potential dick y'all
1773OLDN4P8-00134-00120502-00121107 looking like a couple in here who drove oh that's why he ain't got the [__] get your
1773OLDN4P8-00135-00121107-00121619 [__] together oh need a ride ass [__] bro what's wrong with you
1773OLDN4P8-00136-00121619-00122146 [Music] you think I'm like some of that [__] get a car you're gonna be dick [__] told
1773OLDN4P8-00137-00122146-00123078 you [__] told you should have listened should have listened to the comedian yeah
1773OLDN4P8-00138-00123078-00123435 you can't answer no [__] when you need a ride home bro because then she liked the
1773OLDN4P8-00139-00123435-00124090 dick now you got to spend the night.
1773OLDN4P8-00140-00124090-00124807 hang on bro you were right there what you do yeah construction build a car.
1773OLDN4P8-00141-00124807-00124907 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00142-00124907-00125007 oh [__]
1773OLDN4P8-00143-00125007-00125107 I gotta quit [__] with people bro.
1773OLDN4P8-00144-00125107-00126435 you are all right you're not who you in who's that lady to you that's your best friend that's
1773OLDN4P8-00145-00126435-00127126 what's up bro let me see who else hey Melanie that's your main her door how long.
1773OLDN4P8-00146-00127126-00127680 yeah, yeah, he was he swear to drink you better get it right.
1773OLDN4P8-00147-00127680-00128146 that [__] was rude come on now tell him.
1773OLDN4P8-00148-00128146-00129144 oh [__] you like them yeah y'all look good together I believe you the one with the
1773OLDN4P8-00149-00129144-00130338 money though no you got Street money though now you came up selling ice cream and candy
1773OLDN4P8-00150-00130338-00131069 or something you got you got that little haircut like a rich black lady in the 30s yeah and
1773OLDN4P8-00151-00131069-00131739 count money real fast nah that's 1500 right there.
1773OLDN4P8-00152-00131739-00133272 yeah, oh we love a hood [__] that can count money real fast tell the truth that's
1773OLDN4P8-00153-00133272-00134655 some sexy [__] eighty-five six yeah that's 7700. much love to all the ladies who keep
1773OLDN4P8-00154-00134655-00135701 a little titty Money you know that little titty man it'd always be an odd amount like
1773OLDN4P8-00155-00135701-00136173 66 dollars and fives I don't know how she did it, but she did it.
1773OLDN4P8-00156-00136173-00136371 cause I love some titties all of them I I accept all the titties as long as there's
1773OLDN4P8-00157-00136371-00136705 two of them, I can do something I love two titties as a set I don't give a [__] you'll
1773OLDN4P8-00158-00136705-00137217 be sucking on a little titty to get bored like this [__] gay.
1773OLDN4P8-00159-00137217-00137424 licking on this [__] heartbeat
1773OLDN4P8-00160-00137424-00138171 pictures of women they brought out a clock on it as soon as they get that [__] on
1773OLDN4P8-00161-00138171-00138600 come on now we need to go if we're going this Brian gonna last four hours.
1773OLDN4P8-00162-00138600-00138700 somebody's got 16 hooks.
1773OLDN4P8-00163-00138700-00139040 [__] with no big titty women, she knows you can't get up bro she just starts laughing
1773OLDN4P8-00164-00139040-00139911 when you try you ain't gonna be able to do it [Music] because big city women take that
1773OLDN4P8-00165-00139911-00140350 bro every day at the same time 5 27.
1773OLDN4P8-00166-00140350-00141051 545 I don't matter where they had in the world that [__] coming off sit in traffic ah
1773OLDN4P8-00167-00141051-00141443 [__] pull that [__] out the sleeve [Laughter] then the first thing they're gonna
1773OLDN4P8-00168-00141443-00142640 do is scratch under that City oh [__] you know why they do that because big tit
1773OLDN4P8-00169-00142640-00143328 is itch on the bottom look to this itch on the top.
1773OLDN4P8-00170-00143328-00143676 it's a science to this [__] OG.
1773OLDN4P8-00171-00143676-00144032 all right God damn
1773OLDN4P8-00172-00144032-00144832 it's a hell of a haircut right there boy.
1773OLDN4P8-00173-00144832-00145661 sir what you want man to cut the front part of this [__] off you short [__] trust
1773OLDN4P8-00174-00145661-00146007 me cut all this [__] off.
1773OLDN4P8-00175-00146007-00146977 I don't need nothing in the front bruh pull it up to the scene with the silly Miss [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00176-00146977-00147789 bro you sure you want me to cut the front of your [__] out if you don't do it, I'm
1773OLDN4P8-00177-00147789-00147901 gonna do it.
1773OLDN4P8-00178-00147901-00148001 [Music]
1773OLDN4P8-00179-00148001-00148378 it's [__] yeah, yeah, the headline from the Make-A-Wish Foundation
1773OLDN4P8-00180-00148378-00149030 he doesn't even have to add your what up he know how much the [__] costs oh it's 37-71
1773OLDN4P8-00181-00149030-00149724 you sure I'm positive trust me I can do long division.
1773OLDN4P8-00182-00149724-00150244 I ain't [__] as a human
1773OLDN4P8-00183-00150244-00150937 let me see who else over here tonight.
1773OLDN4P8-00184-00150937-00152203 how y'all doing over here y'all ain't clap for me the [__] y'all too oh yeah I'm
1773OLDN4P8-00185-00152203-00153583 mad about that [__] I'm Petty like hey people in the back you put all the white people
1773OLDN4P8-00186-00153583-00154229 in the white people section hey it's [__] up they put y'all in the uh non-colored section
1773OLDN4P8-00187-00154229-00155158 that's I need to get some color on your ass [__] I'm just playing y'all good y'all
1773OLDN4P8-00188-00155158-00157457 like a group y'all doing group study or something I just want to see him in their natural habitat
1773OLDN4P8-00189-00157457-00159688 I heard it was mating season in the Negro community if you look around the room all
1773OLDN4P8-00190-00159688-00160451 the females are ready, we're gonna be on National Geographic
1773OLDN4P8-00191-00160451-00161259 some [__] called black glass or something I don't know I don't know who they working
1773OLDN4P8-00192-00161259-00161564 for later with that patch go over there and see if them [__] I believe you the toughest
1773OLDN4P8-00193-00161564-00162480 [__] in here I just I just feel like you can have any [__] selling [__] in
1773OLDN4P8-00194-00162480-00162580 two weeks what's your name prayerless Aloysius yeah that business sold some [__] before
1773OLDN4P8-00195-00162580-00162680 she the type of person [__] people [__] dudes whoever Aloysius
1773OLDN4P8-00196-00162680-00162780 she got a strap on with some real foreskin on it [Laughter]
1773OLDN4P8-00197-00162780-00162917 hey that's some genius dance comedy [__] the deal though with the foreskin on it y'all
1773OLDN4P8-00198-00162917-00163017 [__] ain't hearing me bro I'm bigger than this basement.
1773OLDN4P8-00199-00163017-00163117 and you said it like I was supposed to you don't know.
1773OLDN4P8-00200-00163117-00163217 [Laughter] [Music]
1773OLDN4P8-00201-00163217-00163317 Eloise, you got them whole.
1773OLDN4P8-00202-00163317-00163417 talk to me now.
1773OLDN4P8-00203-00163417-00163517 I feel you though [__] game is up and down though I wouldn't invest my money in
1773OLDN4P8-00204-00163517-00163847 it [__] Wade up and down telling you that [__] is situational as hell you think
1773OLDN4P8-00205-00163847-00164029 you could just sell [__] with a standard price that's a sliding scale.
1773OLDN4P8-00206-00164029-00164434 I'm not just gonna come in now and just go with what y'all saying Ima do like the dude
1773OLDN4P8-00207-00164434-00164809 on Pawn Stars now I don't know much about [__] but I got a partner who's an expert
1773OLDN4P8-00208-00164809-00165061 I want him to come in here tell me if this [__] is legit well I wouldn't pay this
1773OLDN4P8-00209-00165061-00165619 much for it Carlos I mean this [__] was born in 1980 [__] value on the 1980s going
1773OLDN4P8-00210-00165619-00166086 rate is around 32 dollars thirty two dollars and you wanna come here and try to sell me
1773OLDN4P8-00211-00166086-00166186 some 32 Plus for 50 off the nerve of you Aloysius report your ass to the Better Business Bureau
1773OLDN4P8-00212-00166186-00166333 you don't work for Aloysia do you young okay I saw you had the birthmark on your eye and
1773OLDN4P8-00213-00166333-00167099 I was like this the eye gang over here everybody over here gotta add this [__] got a contact
1773OLDN4P8-00214-00167099-00167199 in one green that one blue one they scared to laugh at Aloysius what you do to my crowd
1773OLDN4P8-00215-00167199-00167392 let me quit for the [__] lift to patch up and shoot me
1773OLDN4P8-00216-00167392-00168877 you saw the motion [__] I did the slow motion for like 11 seconds but can't tell
1773OLDN4P8-00217-00168877-00169518 me ain't gonna make it in Hollywood.
1773OLDN4P8-00218-00169518-00169963 let me quit y'all [__] on ecstasy um.
1773OLDN4P8-00219-00169963-00170063 foreign
1773OLDN4P8-00220-00170063-00170522 for another one now I'm about to bring the squad out here [__] about to get real
1773OLDN4P8-00221-00170522-00170738 ignorant now if you thought I was [__] you saw them they crazy I'm the normal one
1773OLDN4P8-00222-00170738-00170838 ain't no telling what DC might say to Aloysius now that we know her name Aloysius is this
1773OLDN4P8-00223-00170838-00171243 don't let your lady go in the bathroom if you see Aloysius though look ladies listen
1773OLDN4P8-00226-00185921-00187497 got out safe still got a bullet in your leg you're always welcome at our shows
1773OLDN4P8-00227-00187497-00188978 I want everybody to feel welcome much love to the white ladies who got little black kids
1773OLDN4P8-00228-00188978-00189311 you don't know how to do their hair.
1773OLDN4P8-00229-00189311-00191430 just let that [__] be all over the place that [__] was funny over there in the
1773OLDN4P8-00230-00191430-00191994 White on this section.
1773OLDN4P8-00231-00191994-00194400 all right without further ado I want to see if you're a real lesbian if you're gonna lick
1773OLDN4P8-00232-00194400-00194830 that ketchup off your finger you're gonna get in there oh no, no, no.
1773OLDN4P8-00233-00194830-00194930 look you better not [__] break that French fry in half.
1773OLDN4P8-00234-00194930-00195030 don't you be eating them long ass fries break them up foreign?
1773OLDN4P8-00235-00195030-00195130 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00236-00195130-00195230 you better hit our shoulder you be trying to hug her like [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00237-00195230-00195330 this is [__] real bro I love you baby like that Glitter all that Glitter all that
1773OLDN4P8-00238-00195330-00195430 Glitter it's got a dress it's made out of Michael Jackson gloves yeah, yeah, she got
1773OLDN4P8-00239-00195430-00195530 that ass it's all up on her back yeah little [__] like me be jumping up on that ass
1773OLDN4P8-00240-00195530-00195630 like to bounce the house ah I was up [Applause] get on my girl booty man.
1773OLDN4P8-00241-00195630-00195730 killed my girl booty man.
1773OLDN4P8-00242-00195730-00195830 yeah, don't you do it not only [__] up this is gonna be some dumb ass [__] your
1773OLDN4P8-00243-00195830-00196212 cousin come over your house and try to do, do a backflip off the couch break the goddamn
1773OLDN4P8-00244-00196212-00196624 arm you boys your mama come home?
1773OLDN4P8-00245-00196624-00198440 you know what happened when your mama come home all y'all sitting there waiting to see
1773OLDN4P8-00246-00198440-00200167 you won't get their ass whooped first she walked in and I already know y'all lost the
1773OLDN4P8-00247-00200167-00200344 [__] what the [__] y'all looking so God damn conversation y'all had before she
1773OLDN4P8-00248-00200344-00200509 come home though everybody Hey look who broke it you, you I know I did you try to do a backflip
1773OLDN4P8-00249-00200509-00200609 off but you told me you got up there and when you, you broke it you everybody calmed down
1773OLDN4P8-00250-00200609-00200709 no we just gonna say that we came in the house and it was like that she not gonna believe
1773OLDN4P8-00251-00200709-00200809 that stupid but oh look let me fix it
1773OLDN4P8-00252-00200809-00200909 it was a tornado.
1773OLDN4P8-00253-00200909-00201009 what kind of tornado okay
1773OLDN4P8-00254-00201009-00201109 look man damn man.
1773OLDN4P8-00256-00204432-00205553 oh yeah, yeah uh-uh we need a cover yeah put that over there put that over there Chico
1773OLDN4P8-00257-00205553-00205653 you dang like you sleep when she come in.
1773OLDN4P8-00258-00205653-00205753 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00259-00205753-00205853 [Applause] questions [Applause] stop crying [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00260-00205853-00205953 [Applause] thank you huh hey man you say come here.
1773OLDN4P8-00261-00205953-00206053 hey come on.
1773OLDN4P8-00262-00206053-00206153 come in your room.
1773OLDN4P8-00263-00206153-00206253 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00264-00206253-00206353 huh no I ain't nothing wrong with it [Applause] what you mean wise pushed together.
1773OLDN4P8-00265-00206353-00206453 she spoke.
1773OLDN4P8-00266-00206453-00206553 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00267-00206553-00206653 [Music] [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00268-00206653-00206753 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00269-00206753-00206853 foreign
1773OLDN4P8-00270-00206853-00206953 [Applause] [Music]
1773OLDN4P8-00271-00206953-00207053 no because I told him to stop, I told him to stop me he didn't want to stop okay mama
1773OLDN4P8-00272-00207053-00207153 wants you.
1773OLDN4P8-00273-00207153-00207253 tell her I'm dead already.
1773OLDN4P8-00274-00207253-00207353 [Applause] foreign [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00275-00207353-00207453 okay she said you better get your black ass in there before she kills you again [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00276-00207453-00207553 she gonna be all of us go ahead and tell her what you did.
1773OLDN4P8-00277-00207553-00207653 oh man sorry.
1773OLDN4P8-00278-00207653-00207753 [Music]
1773OLDN4P8-00279-00207753-00207853 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00280-00207853-00207953 mama, mama okay [Applause] she said if she got to get up out that bed and miss the rest
1773OLDN4P8-00281-00207953-00208053 of her stories [__] with your stupid ass you can wish you wasn't born so you better
1773OLDN4P8-00282-00208053-00208153 get up and go in there and talk to her or else everybody getting [__] up foreign.
1773OLDN4P8-00283-00208153-00208253 [Music] [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00284-00208253-00208353 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00285-00208353-00208453 thank you.
1773OLDN4P8-00286-00208453-00208553 yes [Applause] yes.
1773OLDN4P8-00287-00208553-00208653 I'll do that [Applause] I did that.
1773OLDN4P8-00288-00208653-00208753 okay
1773OLDN4P8-00289-00208753-00208853 hmm
1773OLDN4P8-00290-00208853-00208953 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00291-00208953-00209053 [Applause] that's awake.
1773OLDN4P8-00292-00209053-00209153 you okay.
1773OLDN4P8-00293-00209153-00209253 let me see everything.
1773OLDN4P8-00294-00209253-00209353 [Applause]
1773OLDN4P8-00295-00209353-00209353 [Music] [Applause]
19qKbxfbbmg-00000-00000088-00000448 quit feel like quitting remember all of those who said you'd fail
19qKbxfbbmg-00001-00000592-00001288 when you feel like giving up remember why you started when you feel like quitting remember
19qKbxfbbmg-00002-00001288-00001896 what you're doing it all for when you feel like quitting remember pain is temporary
19qKbxfbbmg-00003-00001896-00002616 and greatness lasts forever when you feel like quitting remember that the pain you feel today
19qKbxfbbmg-00004-00002616-00003215 will be replaced with the strength you need tomorrow remember that every ounce of pain
19qKbxfbbmg-00005-00003215-00004008 you feel is building a stronger you a stronger body a stronger mind and a stronger character
19qKbxfbbmg-00006-00004152-00005264 so push through the pain don't let it stop force it to grow you don't back down from the pain face
19qKbxfbbmg-00007-00005264-00006272 it feel no pain there is no pain that painful last rep that's nothing get me more much harder
19qKbxfbbmg-00008-00006520-00007456 too tired too hard too busy too early too stressed no excuses too tired no
19qKbxfbbmg-00009-00007456-00008552 excuses too hard no excuses too busy no excuses too early no excuses no stress
19qKbxfbbmg-00010-00008552-00009296 no excuses when i feel like quitting i remember there's too many people i need to prove wrong
19qKbxfbbmg-00011-00009296-00009984 when i feel like quitting i remember i have too much to fight for i will not quit
19qKbxfbbmg-00012-00010440-00011264 i'm up i'm ready to go quitting that's for those who have no heart i do not quit the greatest
19qKbxfbbmg-00013-00011264-00011856 physique your greatest health your greatest strength it doesn't come with average effort if
19qKbxfbbmg-00014-00011856-00012440 you want average results keep showing up and give an average effort if you want to be at your best
19qKbxfbbmg-00015-00012496-00013072 you will have to give your best effort make an oath to yourself that you will not walk out of
19qKbxfbbmg-00016-00013072-00013856 any training session any game anything without giving 110 of your soul whatever you think is
19qKbxfbbmg-00017-00013856-00014488 your limit push past it whatever you think is your max see if you can get ten percent more
19qKbxfbbmg-00018-00014488-00015256 out results don't lie it all comes down to one simple question how bad do you want it
19qKbxfbbmg-00019-00015368-00017304 and when you feel like quitting give me ten more nothing great is going to come if you
19qKbxfbbmg-00020-00017304-00018384 quit i know it's hard i know you are tired i know it seems impossible but you must keep going
19qKbxfbbmg-00021-00018952-00019784 stick it out and get your reward
19qKbxfbbmg-00022-00021992-00022000 you
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00000-00000022-00000279 Toby Fox couldn’t sleep.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00001-00000279-00000451 Undertale was finished.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00002-00000451-00000892 It had been released, and the world had fallen in love with it.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00003-00000892-00001346 Everywhere Toby looked online, he saw people talking about his game.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00004-00001346-00001957 He saw fan-art, reviews, analysis videos, and covers of the songs he’d composed for
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00005-00001957-00002064 the game.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00006-00002064-00002648 His masterpiece was finished, and what’s more, it was shaping up to one of, if not
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00007-00002648-00003089 the, defining game of 2015.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00008-00003089-00003552 But while Undertale was finished, Toby wasn’t done yet.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00009-00003552-00003945 He had so much more that he wanted to share with the world.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00010-00003945-00004187 He just couldn’t keep things to himself.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00011-00004187-00004825 Inspired and wholly unable to ignore his creative drive, Toby started work on a new project.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00012-00004825-00005138 This would be years in the making.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00013-00005138-00005704 He wasn’t sure if it was even possible to finish his big, sprawling epic.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00014-00005704-00006016 Completing this new project was probably impossible.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00015-00006016-00006303 But he had to try.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00016-00006303-00006686 This is the story of Deltarune, Chapter One.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00017-00006686-00007363 The tale of how Toby Fox fought – and continues to fight – to make lightning strike a second
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00018-00007363-00009922 time.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00019-00009922-00010302 Creating Undertale had been a relatively simple process.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00020-00010302-00010881 Toby had set out with the goal of creating an entire video game, all by himself, simply
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00021-00010881-00011009 to prove that he could.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00022-00011009-00011531 He’d built an original demo for Undertale in just a few month, and had been very happy
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00023-00011531-00011663 with his work.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00024-00011663-00012161 Of course, not everything went entirely to plan.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00025-00012161-00012650 After a surprisingly successful Kickstarter, Toby found himself struggling to meet the
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00026-00012650-00013191 game’s initial 2014 release date, and had roped in additional artists such as Temmie
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00027-00013191-00013747 Chang and Magnolia Porter to help flesh out the world and finish the huge task he’d
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00028-00013747-00013881 set for himself.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00029-00013881-00014576 But, all in all, Undertale had built to his strengths, and had been a manageable if ambitious
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00030-00014576-00014688 project.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00031-00014688-00014929 Deltarune was not so.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00032-00014929-00015360 Right from the start, Toby began running into challenges.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00033-00015360-00015841 His vision of the game involved a much richer, more varied colour palette.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00034-00015841-00016331 Where much of Undertale was simple black and white sprite art, Deltarune would feature
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00035-00016331-00016849 full colour, and Toby struggled to get the look that he was hoping for.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00036-00016849-00017365 Even as he created art that he was happy with, he was aware that it was taking a lot longer
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00037-00017365-00017674 than anything he’d done on Undertale.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00038-00017674-00018123 He also wanted to expand the scope of this new game in other ways.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00039-00018123-00018592 He wanted multiple party members and main characters, with different motivations and
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00040-00018592-00019109 story arcs, and that meant a far less straightforward writing process.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00041-00019109-00019598 Keeping everything organised in his head was taking a lot of work, and he wasn’t sure
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00042-00019598-00019765 that he could manage this alone.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00043-00019765-00020162 Then, there was the game world itself.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00044-00020162-00020687 The overworld was bigger and more interconnected than anything in Undertale, and the geography
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00045-00020687-00021189 for the central town at the heart of the story needed to be set in stone right at the start
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00046-00021189-00021555 to help Toby achieve consistency as the story developed.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00047-00021555-00022101 There was so much to do, so many things to organize.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00048-00022101-00022319 Toby needed a team.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00049-00022319-00022619 He’d never worked with a team before.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00050-00022619-00023084 Getting art help from Temmie was one thing, but orchestrating the work of a small studio
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00051-00023084-00023193 seemed beyond him.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00052-00023193-00023784 And yet, it was clear that Toby couldn’t possibly make the game he wanted without outside
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00053-00023784-00023895 help.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00054-00023895-00024048 It was impossible.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00055-00024048-00024623 He could imagine the project stretching on, endlessly, over years and years.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00056-00024623-00024998 Toby generously gave himself a seven year window.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00057-00024998-00025390 After that, he figured he’d get bored or lose interest.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00058-00025390-00025534 So what could he do?
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00059-00025534-00025918 Well, the first step was to start with something manageable.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00060-00025918-00026489 He’d built a demo for Undertale before starting on the full game, so logically, he should
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00061-00026489-00026627 do that again.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00062-00026627-00027227 Deltarune: Chapter 1 was envisioned as a way to test out this new game world, and to start
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00063-00027227-00027594 committing to story ideas that he could build upon later.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00064-00027594-00028133 Perhaps this was the way the full game would really start, or maybe Toby would change things
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00065-00028133-00028720 around and finesse ideas when he came to building the real title with his team.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00066-00028720-00029045 He forced himself to focus on Chapter 1 for now.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00067-00029045-00029682 He’d build this, in its entirety, and worry about the bigger, wider game after that was
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00068-00029682-00029782 completed.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00069-00029782-00030238 The main challenge that weighed on Toby’s mind was the battle system.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00070-00030238-00030719 He started by simply expanding upon the combat mechanics for Undertale.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00071-00030719-00031232 Originally, Deltarune would play the same way, with the player navigating through a
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00072-00031232-00031469 flurry of enemy projectiles.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00073-00031469-00031862 Toby tried out fun new additions to this formula.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00074-00031862-00032323 Maybe if the player got closer to bullets, the enemy’s attacks would end sooner.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00075-00032323-00032695 But he still had a lot of things he wasn’t happy with.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00076-00032695-00033036 The combat wasn’t explained very well in the demo.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00077-00033036-00033354 The system didn’t really work with multiple party members.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00078-00033354-00033727 A pacifist playstyle wasn’t engaging enough.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00079-00033727-00034309 Too many elements of the Undertale battle system didn’t quite fit with this new game.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00080-00034309-00034708 Toby would have to rework the whole combat mechanics for the game later.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00081-00034708-00035056 But that was a job for after his demo was finished.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00082-00035056-00035318 He needed to keep pushing forward.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00083-00035318-00035713 It didn’t help that Toby had a lot on his plate.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00084-00035713-00036210 Undertale’s popularity meant that he was very much in demand, and was needed for work
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00085-00036210-00036677 on porting the game to various platforms, as well as travelling around the world promoting
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00086-00036677-00036777 his game.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00087-00036777-00037250 But the biggest challenge that Toby faced was his own self doubt.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00088-00037250-00037558 Was this game really worth making?
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00089-00037558-00037927 How could he possibly top the success of Undertale?
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00090-00037927-00038366 When he’d first received an unexpectedly huge amount of funding support for his initial
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00091-00038366-00038950 Undertale kickstarter, Toby had been paralyzed with fear, worried that he wouldn’t live
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00092-00038950-00039050 up to people’s expectations.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00093-00039050-00039199 This was a hundred times worse.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00094-00039199-00039775 Now that Undertale was a global sensation, Toby felt that whatever he did next, his fans
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00095-00039775-00039938 would be disappointed.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00096-00039938-00040239 He couldn’t recapture the magic of Undertale.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00097-00040239-00040524 He couldn’t put that genie back in the bottle.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00098-00040524-00041083 This new game had to be its own thing, different and distinct, and people were going to react
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00099-00041083-00041316 to it differently.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00100-00041316-00041625 Struggling with his own insecurity, Toby procrastinated.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00101-00041625-00042220 He didn’t have to finish the game in a timely fashion, right?
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00102-00042220-00042813 This was something he could do at his own leisure, around other, less intimidating tasks.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00103-00042813-00043013 The years dragged on.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00104-00043013-00043341 Toby kept allowing himself to be distracted.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00105-00043341-00043496 But.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00106-00043496-00043970 He couldn’t shake the feeling that he needed to get the game demo finished.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00107-00043970-00044459 Deltarune was important to him, and he desperately wanted to share it with the world.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00108-00044459-00045076 So, again working with his friend Temmie, Toby pushed through his own indecision and
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00109-00045076-00045176 doubt.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00110-00045176-00045574 He overcame this wall, and completed work on the demo.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00111-00045574-00045818 Deltarune Chapter One was compelte.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00112-00045818-00046656 It had taken three years, longer than he’d ever spent on Undertale, but it was done.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00113-00046656-00046822 Nothing else was in any way organized.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00114-00046822-00047396 Toby’s plans for a bigger game, built by a competent team of artists, were all simply
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00115-00047396-00047623 ethereal at this point.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00116-00047623-00048256 Aside from a few song compositions, he had nothing ready, and would need to start all
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00117-00048256-00048390 again.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00118-00048390-00048708 But he’d made the game’s first chapter.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00119-00048708-00049124 It was a start, and that was all he needed.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00120-00049124-00049847 On Halloween 2018 Toby shared Deltarune Chapter One with the world.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00121-00049847-00050175 Nervously, he waited for a response.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00122-00050175-00050526 There were concerns, and challenges.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00123-00050526-00050978 Some technical issues meant that his game caused some people’s computers some issues.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00124-00050978-00051413 But aside from this, Toby was met with a wave of positivity.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00125-00051413-00051513 Fan-art.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00126-00051513-00051613 Theories.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00127-00051613-00051775 Music covers.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00128-00051775-00052421 Again, the world was embracing his work, and falling in love with his new achievements.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00129-00052421-00052566 Toby was pleased.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00130-00052566-00053156 But even as he processed these emotions, he knew he had a long road ahead of him.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00131-00053156-00053661 The story of Deltarune was only just beginning.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00132-00053661-00054151 The moral of the story is that it’s important not to choke on your own ambition.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00133-00054151-00054617 You may have a great desire to achieve huge, tremendous goals in life.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00134-00054617-00055170 You might dream big, and get intimidated by just how much work will be required to get
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00135-00055170-00055329 where you want to go.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00136-00055329-00055632 Don’t give in to self-doubt.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00137-00055632-00055907 Set yourself smaller, more manageable goals.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00138-00055907-00056510 Break things down, and work towards your milestones one day at a time.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00139-00056510-00057069 The road to success is often slow, and takes a lot of patience.
1qyPLBCZ2G0-00140-00057069-00057748 But, with enough hard work and optimism, you can see your big dreams become a reality.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00000-00000586-00000688 Hello Everyone!
1vAyDHq5d_k-00001-00000688-00001420 For the past few months we have been going through the Gospel of Luke.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00002-00001420-00002325 So far, we have read miracle stories and parables which convey moral or spiritual lessons.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00003-00002325-00003083 Today's text is about the most essential Christian belief - the resurrection of the body.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00004-00003083-00003634 The Sadducees were one of the prominent Jewish political religious sects at the time of Jesus
1vAyDHq5d_k-00005-00003634-00003734 Christ.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00006-00003734-00004451 They were aristocrats, priests and members of the supreme religious council called the
1vAyDHq5d_k-00007-00004451-00004551 Sanhedrin.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00008-00004551-00005242 They were liberal in political views but conservative in religious matters.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00009-00005242-00006025 They accepted only the first five Books of the Bible - Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers
1vAyDHq5d_k-00010-00006025-00006274 and Deuteronomy.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00011-00006274-00006814 Unlike the Pharisees and other Jews who believed in the resurrection, life after death and
1vAyDHq5d_k-00012-00006814-00007365 rewards for the righteous and punishment for the wicked, the Sadducees did not believe
1vAyDHq5d_k-00013-00007365-00008061 in any of them, nor the existence of angels or spirits, let alone the reality of resurrection
1vAyDHq5d_k-00014-00008061-00008561 since it is not explicitly mentioned in the five books.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00015-00008561-00009078 And they knew Jesus had been teaching about resurrection.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00016-00009078-00009667 One day they approached Jesus and wanted to know about the life after death.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00017-00009667-00010482 As an example they cited a fictitious story of a woman who married a man who later died.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00018-00010482-00011100 In accordance with the Law of Moses her husband's brother took her as his wife in order to produce
1vAyDHq5d_k-00019-00011100-00011622 a child and continue his dead brother's lineage, Deuteronomy (25:5-10).
1vAyDHq5d_k-00020-00011622-00011986 But he too died shortly afterwards.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00021-00011986-00012248 This happened with all seven brothers.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00022-00012248-00012819 The Sadducees' question therefore was, at the resurrection whose wife would she be since
1vAyDHq5d_k-00023-00012819-00013304 all of them were married to her?
1vAyDHq5d_k-00024-00013304-00013676 Jesus corrected the Sadducees on two fronts.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00025-00013676-00014260 First, the Sadducees had a far too simplistic view of resurrection.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00026-00014260-00014869 They thought that life after death would be an extension of earthy life.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00027-00014869-00015398 That's to say that the resurrected people will continue to enjoy all the pleasures,
1vAyDHq5d_k-00028-00015398-00015887 such as marital relationships, they had on earth.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00029-00015887-00016548 But Jesus reminded them that resurrection is a gift from God, awarded to those "who
1vAyDHq5d_k-00030-00016548-00016777 are deemed worthy".
1vAyDHq5d_k-00031-00016777-00017317 Those deemed worthy are no longer subject to death, because they are like angels, and
1vAyDHq5d_k-00032-00017317-00017486 they are the children of God.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00033-00017486-00018111 Hence, at the resurrection, there will not be any physical relationship with one another
1vAyDHq5d_k-00034-00018111-00018445 let alone marriage in heaven.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00035-00018445-00019097 Second, to the Sadducees, the resurrection appeared ridiculous because they believed
1vAyDHq5d_k-00036-00019097-00019592 that with death, man's exsistence came to an end.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00037-00019592-00020283 But Jesus explained the belief in resurrection by quoting their scriptures, Exodus (3:6).
1vAyDHq5d_k-00038-00020283-00020990 He reminded them when God had manifested Himself to Moses in the burning bush, He identified
1vAyDHq5d_k-00039-00020990-00021628 Himself, "I am the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the
1vAyDHq5d_k-00040-00021628-00021878 God of Jacob."
1vAyDHq5d_k-00041-00021878-00022507 It means that Moses' ancestors who had died hundreds of years ago were still alive in
1vAyDHq5d_k-00042-00022507-00022609 God.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00043-00022609-00023265 That's to say, the relationship that God had established with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
1vAyDHq5d_k-00044-00023265-00023784 while they were on earth continued even after death.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00045-00023784-00024081 They are alive in God.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00046-00024081-00024448 What is the message for us?
1vAyDHq5d_k-00047-00024448-00025046 The fact that the Sadducees denied there is resurrection of the Body was nothing new.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00048-00025046-00025923 Long before Jesus' time a man named Job asked the big question, "Can a dead come back to
1vAyDHq5d_k-00049-00025923-00026089 life?", Job (14:14).
1vAyDHq5d_k-00050-00026089-00026694 This same question remains to this day - Is this life all that there is?
1vAyDHq5d_k-00051-00026694-00026953 Or is there life beyond the grave?
1vAyDHq5d_k-00052-00026953-00027768 What would life be like if truly there was life after death?
1vAyDHq5d_k-00053-00027768-00028327 We cannot bring ourselves to believe in a life beyond death because it is very difficult
1vAyDHq5d_k-00054-00028327-00028895 for us, with our limited human intelligence, to understand it.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00055-00028895-00029393 I don't think any of us can fully grasp or explain it to others.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00056-00029393-00029824 We can only imagine what it will be like.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00057-00029824-00030375 Some people imagine it as a beautiful place with endless good times.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00058-00030375-00030989 Others imagine it as a place where there will be no sickness, suffering or pain but only
1vAyDHq5d_k-00059-00030989-00031199 peace and joy.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00060-00031199-00031844 But, the ultimate proof that there is resurrection comes from the Lord Jesus Himself from His
1vAyDHq5d_k-00061-00031844-00032422 own victory over death when he rose from the tomb.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00062-00032422-00033068 After being put to death, Jesus literally, physically rose again from the dead, appeared
1vAyDHq5d_k-00063-00033068-00033727 to his disciples, talked to them, dined with them and performed miracles before He finally
1vAyDHq5d_k-00064-00033727-00034134 ascended to heaven.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00065-00034134-00034647 The apostle Paul declares in his first letter to the Corinthians (15:13-18), "If there is
1vAyDHq5d_k-00066-00034647-00035308 no resurrection of the dead, then Christ cannot have been raised either, and if Christ has
1vAyDHq5d_k-00067-00035308-00036111 not been raised, then our preaching is without substance, and so... is your faith pointless
1vAyDHq5d_k-00068-00036111-00036562 and you have not, after all, been released from your sins.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00069-00036562-00037121 In addition, those who have fallen asleep in Christ are utterly lost."
1vAyDHq5d_k-00070-00037121-00037424 Yes.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00071-00037424-00037900 As the apostle Paul tells us, without the resurrection of Jesus Christ, there is no
1vAyDHq5d_k-00072-00037900-00038153 such thing as the Christian faith.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00073-00038153-00038816 It is so important that the Church has included it in the Profession of Faith.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00074-00038816-00039744 We confess every week that we believe in the resurrection of the body and life everlasting.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00075-00039744-00040383 Before Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead, he exclaimed: I am the resurrection and the
1vAyDHq5d_k-00076-00040383-00041146 life; he who believes in me, though he dies, yet shall he live, and whoever lives and believes
1vAyDHq5d_k-00077-00041146-00041341 in me shall never die.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00078-00041341-00041734 Do you believe this, John (11:25)?
1vAyDHq5d_k-00079-00041734-00042062 Today Jesus asks us the same question.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00080-00042062-00042399 "Do you believe in the resurrection?"
1vAyDHq5d_k-00081-00042399-00043168 Jesus' reply to the Sadducees in today's text is an invitation for us, Christians, to approach
1vAyDHq5d_k-00082-00043168-00043519 the resurrection of the body with a genuine faith.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00083-00043519-00044191 We must believe in it even though we do not understand how it takes place.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00084-00044191-00044875 Jesus affirms that there is a resurrection after which, our life will be much different
1vAyDHq5d_k-00085-00044875-00045188 from what we think it will be.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00086-00045188-00045600 He says that we'll be transfigured.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00087-00045600-00046003 That everything - our life and our relationships will be changed.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00088-00046003-00046252 We will just be the children of God.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00089-00046252-00046419 We will be angels.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00090-00046419-00046630 We will no longer die.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00091-00046630-00047050 We will never be separated from God again after death.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00092-00047050-00047659 Like Jesus, we too will have a resurrected body.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00093-00047659-00047887 We will be alive in God.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00094-00047887-00048613 Let us all, therefore, live a life that God deems us worthy of the resurrection and of
1vAyDHq5d_k-00095-00048613-00048803 His kingdom.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00096-00048803-00048903 Amen.
1vAyDHq5d_k-00097-00048903-00048996 God Bless You!
1x_VIeMDyko-00000-00000112-00000561 So, thank you so much, Matt, for inviting me here.
1x_VIeMDyko-00001-00000766-00001449 Or for rather consenting in when I said, "Hey, I'm coming to LA. Can I stop in Arizona?"
1x_VIeMDyko-00002-00001726-00002129 Thank you for making room for me here, and thank you, everybody, for coming out.
1x_VIeMDyko-00003-00002243-00002768 So, this is actually the first event; the book came out in August, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00004-00002844-00003419 So, it came out when school was in session. So, this is my first opportunity to actually speak to an audience of creative writing
1x_VIeMDyko-00005-00003577-00003777 Students and faculty,
1x_VIeMDyko-00006-00003853-00004250 which is, you know, which is really exciting to me because, in some ways like that, you know, this is
1x_VIeMDyko-00007-00004336-00004553 Part of who the book is addressed to,
1x_VIeMDyko-00008-00004632-00004919 And it's also addressed to myself as a former
1x_VIeMDyko-00009-00005017-00005589 creative writing student, So, I'm gonna read a little bit from the part of the book that is
1x_VIeMDyko-00010-00005703-00005818 about,
1x_VIeMDyko-00011-00005818-00006018 most directly about craft,
1x_VIeMDyko-00012-00006118-00006747 And about... It's really about sort of an instance of craft, and an instance of editing
1x_VIeMDyko-00013-00006804-00007145 That had a huge effect on American fiction,
1x_VIeMDyko-00014-00007248-00007431 and
1x_VIeMDyko-00015-00007431-00008066 I'll just... This is from an essay called "Beautiful Shame," or "What We Talk about When We Talk about White Writing," and
1x_VIeMDyko-00016-00008236-00008570 I'm just gonna... The essay is way, way too long to read the whole thing,
1x_VIeMDyko-00017-00008604-00008993 So I'm just going to read a little bit of the first part that
1x_VIeMDyko-00018-00009031-00009479 Lays out sort of the first part of the argument, and then, I hope, we can just talk from there.
1x_VIeMDyko-00019-00009514-00009890 So, "Beautiful Shame," or "What We Talk about When We Talk about White Writing."
1x_VIeMDyko-00020-00009979-00010184 Here is the voice of a man telling a story.
1x_VIeMDyko-00021-00010246-00010518 The man is a doctor; the story is about one of his patients,
1x_VIeMDyko-00022-00010531-00011268 an elderly rancher who along with his wife has barely survived a terrible car accident. Their names are Henry and Anna Gates.
1x_VIeMDyko-00023-00011322-00011792 Because of their injuries, they have to recover in separate rooms, and Henry becomes severely depressed,
1x_VIeMDyko-00024-00011793-00012093 even while knowing Anna is nearby and on the mend.
1x_VIeMDyko-00025-00012150-00012782 When the doctor, Herb, visits him, Henry insists on telling him about his ranch outside Bend,
1x_VIeMDyko-00026-00012782-00013109 Oregon, where he’s lived with Anna since their marriage in
1x_VIeMDyko-00027-00013165-00013656 1927. So, this is a quote from the story. "We had a Victrola and some records, doctor.
1x_VIeMDyko-00028-00013656-00014192 We'd play the Victrola every night, and listen to the records and dance there in the living room. We do that every night.
1x_VIeMDyko-00029-00014260-00014960 Sometimes, it'd be snowing outside, and the temperature down below zero. The temperature really drops on you there in January or February.
1x_VIeMDyko-00030-00015001-00015549 But we’d listen to the records and dance in our stocking feet in the living room until we’d gone through all the records. And
1x_VIeMDyko-00031-00015562-00015984 then I’d build up the fire and turn out the lights, all but one, and we’d go to bed.
1x_VIeMDyko-00032-00015988-00016544 Some nights it’d be snowing, and it’d be so still outside you could hear the snow falling. It's true, Doc,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00033-00016545-00016732 He said, you can do that.
1x_VIeMDyko-00034-00016732-00017321 Sometimes you can hear the snow falling. If you're quiet and your mind is clear and you're a peace with yourself and all things,
1x_VIeMDyko-00035-00017341-00017561 You can lay in the dark and hear it snow."
1x_VIeMDyko-00036-00017797-00017997 Viewed within a piece of contemporary fiction,
1x_VIeMDyko-00037-00018028-00018657 the feeling of this passage is one of density, or richness: a density of detail and lived experience, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00038-00018706-00019332 maybe a little too much sententiousness: Henry Gates here feels a little too wise and folksy for his own good. On
1x_VIeMDyko-00039-00019351-00019722 the other hand, who would object to the haunting image of hearing the snow falling,
1x_VIeMDyko-00040-00019744-00020082 the inner and outer quietness required for that kind of listening?
1x_VIeMDyko-00041-00020122-00020492 For Herb, the doctor, in the context of a conversation about modern love,
1x_VIeMDyko-00042-00020506-00021020 It's a moment of historical awe. of embeddedness in the passage of time in the American West--
1x_VIeMDyko-00043-00021106-00021429 Specifically the history of white settlement in the high deserts of Oregon,
1x_VIeMDyko-00044-00021445-00022041 which required enormous effort, because the land itself was "unyielding," in resource terms, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00045-00022090-00022379 Isolation, because very few settlers wanted to stay there.
1x_VIeMDyko-00046-00022435-00022820 The richness of Gates's language carries what might be called a spatiotemporal
1x_VIeMDyko-00047-00022870-00023397 Awareness of this moment: the sheer loneliness and strangeness, the perversity and beauty of that way of life,
1x_VIeMDyko-00048-00023422-00023858 Which few descendants of settlers (like me) remember. Or want to.
1x_VIeMDyko-00049-00023917-00024401 In this case, it's clear exactly who would object to this passage, in all its dimensions.
1x_VIeMDyko-00050-00024420-00024728 The story quoted here is Raymond Carver's "Beginners,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00051-00024751-00025226 better known as the first draft of "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love."
1x_VIeMDyko-00052-00025282-00025482 In "What We Talk About,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00053-00025557-00025952 Intensely compressed by Carver's editor, friend, and mentor Gordon Lish,
1x_VIeMDyko-00054-00026002-00026781 Henry and Anna no longer have names, and their recovery is described by the doctor—now named Mel—in a single, offhand
1x_VIeMDyko-00055-00026855-00027414 Quote: "I’d get up to his mouth-hole, you know, and he’d say no, it wasn’t the accident exactly
1x_VIeMDyko-00056-00027414-00027966 but it was because he couldn’t see her through his eye-holes. He said that was what was making him feel so bad.
1x_VIeMDyko-00057-00027991-00028620 Can you imagine? I’m telling you, the man’s heart was breaking because he couldn’t turn his goddamn head and see his goddamn wife.
1x_VIeMDyko-00058-00028736-00029031 What exactly is lost in this gesture of editing?
1x_VIeMDyko-00059-00029093-00029713 Obviously, the density and richness of Henry Gates’s speech, and the governing metaphor of the audibly falling snow.
1x_VIeMDyko-00060-00029764-00030483 The story has lost the ability to pass out of Herb's (or Mel's) world and into the world of the remote Oregon plains of 1927.
1x_VIeMDyko-00061-00030550-00031218 Lish’s version, on the other hand, is much more sonically and structurally interesting: there’s the weird repetition of “holes,”
1x_VIeMDyko-00062-00031270-00031860 making the injured man seem more material and less human, and then, in the next sentence, the odd repetitive construction,
1x_VIeMDyko-00063-00031877-00032575 "that was what was." And then: "turn his goddamn head" and "see his goddamn wife." The rest of the text of the story (both the first draft and final)
1x_VIeMDyko-00064-00032624-00033343 Features relatively short and terse paragraphs like this one; Lish's edit removes what was a tonal and linguistic detour and
1x_VIeMDyko-00065-00033403-00034134 consolidates Herb's/Mel's account into the overall narrative rhythm. The effect of this kind of composition appears even more clearly in
1x_VIeMDyko-00066-00034153-00034344 Raymond Carver's story "View Finder,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00067-00034344-00034650 Which is also from the same book "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love."
1x_VIeMDyko-00068-00034700-00035220 This story begins, "A man without hands came to the door to sell me a photograph of my house":
1x_VIeMDyko-00069-00035290-00035820 "How did you lose your hands?" I asked, after he'd said what he wanted. "That's another story,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00070-00035821-00036075 He said. "You want this picture of the house or not?"
1x_VIeMDyko-00071-00036134-00036663 "Come on in," I said. "I just made coffee." I just made some jello, too, but I didn't tell him that.
1x_VIeMDyko-00072-00036743-00037231 It's a story phrased almost like a joke without a punchline: a story made of non sequiturs,
1x_VIeMDyko-00073-00037291-00037484 inhabited by characters who seem
1x_VIeMDyko-00074-00037484-00037950 (Like Beckett's characters) to have had little experience making casual conversation.
1x_VIeMDyko-00075-00037994-00038379 When I reread "View Finder"--a story I first read twenty-five years ago--
1x_VIeMDyko-00076-00038440-00038605 when I reread "View Finder,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00077-00038605-00039205 I still feel a sense of giddy satisfaction, almost glee, at the gnomic declarative bravado of these sentences.
1x_VIeMDyko-00078-00039241-00039834 There's a deeply American sense of strangeness tinged with a faint malice toward the audience, a new artistic
1x_VIeMDyko-00079-00039859-00040182 invention announcing itself with no supplementary explanation.
1x_VIeMDyko-00080-00040219-00040749 It's the same spirit you hear in Ornette Coleman's early albums, or Frank Zappa, or Captain Beefheart.
1x_VIeMDyko-00081-00040761-00041493 I tend to think of the nineties noise-rock band Jesus Lizard, whose singer, David Yow, intoned lines like "He's a nice guy,
1x_VIeMDyko-00082-00041520-00041720 I like him just fine... but he's a mouth breather."
1x_VIeMDyko-00083-00041809-00042060 There's a quality in Raymond Carver's early work
1x_VIeMDyko-00084-00042060-00042723 That is a very American version of the "uncanny," which Freud, using the German equivalent unheimlich,
1x_VIeMDyko-00085-00042724-00043368 "unhomely," describes as something both deeply familiar and troublingly estranged from the familiar,
1x_VIeMDyko-00086-00043429-00043863 haunting because it is recognizable but somehow altered or doubled.
1x_VIeMDyko-00087-00043930-00044499 Uncanny or unheimlich things have a strange, sometimes hypnotic power over the reader, which she may be at a loss to explain.
1x_VIeMDyko-00088-00044563-00045171 This quality is often called "Caveresque," but the historical record demonstrates it's largely Lish.
1x_VIeMDyko-00089-00045220-00045588 There is an agonized letter Carver wrote to Lish on July 8,
1x_VIeMDyko-00090-00045658-00046236 1980, begging him to stop production of the edited version of "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love."
1x_VIeMDyko-00091-00046318-00046854 "Even though they may be closer to works of art than the original and people be reading them 50 years from now,
1x_VIeMDyko-00092-00046864-00047520 they're still apt to cause my demise," Carver writes. "I feel I've somehow too far stepped out of bounds, crossed the line."
1x_VIeMDyko-00093-00047584-00047793 He requests,
1x_VIeMDyko-00094-00047851-00048411 Among other changes, that Henry and Anna Gates be added back to "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love."
1x_VIeMDyko-00095-00048469-00048969 None of which actually happened; the book was published, as is, and became an enormous success,
1x_VIeMDyko-00096-00049036-00049683 Further cementing Carver's reputation as a master of the short story, an American Chekhov.
1x_VIeMDyko-00097-00049683-00049883 It was the beginning of the end of their relationship:
1x_VIeMDyko-00098-00049918-00050457 not long after this episode, Carver began to refuse Lish's edits, and eventually cut ties with him altogether.
1x_VIeMDyko-00099-00050551-00050964 The Carver-Lish dispute is almost always described as a stylistic,
1x_VIeMDyko-00100-00051001-00051546 editorial disagreement: which version, which choice, is "better" or "worse"; which edits "serve the story"?
1x_VIeMDyko-00101-00051619-00052404 Lingering over this kind of questioning is the question of efficacy and worldly success: were Lish's changes the magic formula that made Carver Carver?
1x_VIeMDyko-00102-00052483-00052704 Lish himself think so: in a recent interview,
1x_VIeMDyko-00103-00052704-00053139 he said, "I think the heroising of Carver is nuts. As is the defense.
1x_VIeMDyko-00104-00053164-00053802 You take any cherished object and show, No, no, that was made by Morty Shmulevitch on a lunch break as a full-time jeweller,
1x_VIeMDyko-00105-00053810-00054312 it's unacceptable to the fans. Nobody can quiet process it, conceive of the case."
1x_VIeMDyko-00106-00054379-00054579 Typically the narrative goes something like this:
1x_VIeMDyko-00107-00054635-00054882 Carver's earlier drafts were baggy, overwritten,
1x_VIeMDyko-00108-00054925-00055509 conventional, maudlin, sentimental, and Lish bravely cut them, killing Carver's darlings, making them "tight,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00109-00055591-00055744 economical, "haunting,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00110-00055744-00056472 "telegraphic." This language--more or less the language of the fiction-writing workshop, of the lit biz--is itself highly coded and
1x_VIeMDyko-00111-00056500-00056907 telegraphic. It implies values rarely if ever directly stated. Even
1x_VIeMDyko-00112-00056950-00057687 Carver himself, in his desperate letter, seems reluctant to say what he means, using vague euphemisms instead: "stepped too far out of bounds,
1x_VIeMDyko-00113-00057718-00057918 crossed over that line."
1x_VIeMDyko-00114-00057925-00058611 When a work of art seems deliberately self-obscuring and opaque, it's always worth asking: what is being hidden, and why?
1x_VIeMDyko-00115-00058675-00059097 When a process of art making seems consumed with obscuration and secrecy, again:
1x_VIeMDyko-00116-00059123-00059553 why? In the workshops and in the books I read obsessively as a young writer,
1x_VIeMDyko-00117-00059602-00060117 editing was described in such violent and intimate terms that it became clear to me--though
1x_VIeMDyko-00118-00060117-00060855 I never would have said so at the time--the the excised material, the "fat," was metaphorically part of my body, my selfhood,
1x_VIeMDyko-00119-00060855-00061051 which meant the story was my whole body.
1x_VIeMDyko-00120-00061051-00061260 "This essay needs to be put on a diet,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00121-00061297-00061875 one of my very first writing teachers said to the class, when I was thirteen. I've struggled with my weight since high school,
1x_VIeMDyko-00122-00061879-00062601 so I'm particularly attuned to this correlation: you cut away the parts of the story body you're most ashamed of, the parts you want
1x_VIeMDyko-00123-00062601-00062779 no one to see.
1x_VIeMDyko-00124-00062779-00062979 Which leads to another question:
1x_VIeMDyko-00125-00062983-00063519 what was it about the specificity of Raymond Carver's version of "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love"
1x_VIeMDyko-00126-00063532-00063777 that hurt so much when Lish cut it away--
1x_VIeMDyko-00127-00063826-00064452 so much so that it threatened his sobriety, his carefully reconstructed life, his ability ever to write again?
1x_VIeMDyko-00128-00064513-00065166 Think of Henry Gates as part of Carver's body, as one body substituted for or superimposed over another.
1x_VIeMDyko-00129-00065233-00065583 bring the silence and the almost-imperceptible sound of the snow falling,
1x_VIeMDyko-00130-00065617-00066280 which is also the knowledge that the nearest neighbour is twenty miles away over dirt roads,
1x_VIeMDyko-00131-00066281-00066877 and they can easily be misread as "self-reliance," and you have a specific instance of whiteness made visible--
1x_VIeMDyko-00132-00066957-00067279 painfully, embarrassingly, even sentimentally visible. Or
1x_VIeMDyko-00133-00067344-00068057 cut it away, drench it in feedback, lose the name and the story, turn the sufferer into an object with holes for mouth and eyes.
1x_VIeMDyko-00134-00068114-00068383 More than one kind of violence is at work here.
1x_VIeMDyko-00135-00068570-00068742 "I don't want to communicate."
1x_VIeMDyko-00136-00068742-00069407 Gordon Lish said, speaking of his faith in sentences, in a 2015 interview with the scholar David Winters. “I
1x_VIeMDyko-00137-00069438-00070090 want communion. I want mutuality. I want to enter the being of the other. I want unimprovable
1x_VIeMDyko-00138-00070145-00070293 illumination."
1x_VIeMDyko-00139-00070293-00070901 Although Lish has never stayed long in a single institution, and never anchored an MFA program,
1x_VIeMDyko-00140-00070901-00071386 he has probably had more influence than any other single teacher of fiction in the last fifty years,
1x_VIeMDyko-00141-00071451-00071665 thanks to a series of remarkable seminars
1x_VIeMDyko-00142-00071666-00072127 he’s conducted in exactly the same way, by all accounts, since the 1970s.
1x_VIeMDyko-00143-00072152-00072508 These seminars are founded on a technique called “consecution,”
1x_VIeMDyko-00144-00072527-00072886 which is summed by his longtime student Gary Lutz:
1x_VIeMDyko-00145-00072936-00073396 “A recursive procedure by which one word pursues itself into its successor by
1x_VIeMDyko-00146-00073416-00073754 discharging something from deep within itself into what follows.” Or,
1x_VIeMDyko-00147-00073820-00074152 even more pithily, by another former student, Christine Schutt:
1x_VIeMDyko-00148-00074172-00074747 "Each sentence is extruded from the previous sentence; look behind when you are writing, not ahead...
1x_VIeMDyko-00149-00074787-00075202 The sentence that follows is always in response to the sentence that came before."
1x_VIeMDyko-00150-00075332-00075703 The faith Lish professes—and it’s clearly a faith—
1x_VIeMDyko-00151-00075735-00076252 has to do with an immanent quality of words and sentences, a kind of radical non-instrumentalism,
1x_VIeMDyko-00152-00076305-00076645 which insists on treating words not as dependent on what they refer to,
1x_VIeMDyko-00153-00076694-00076969 but as entirely self-sufficient and beautiful in themselves.
1x_VIeMDyko-00154-00076992-00077515 A good sentence, for Lish, is one which actually carries with it “the being of the other.”
1x_VIeMDyko-00155-00077558-00077863 Its meaning, literal or figurative, is beside the point.
1x_VIeMDyko-00156-00077922-00078122 "What the hell is wrong with solipsism?" He says to Winters.
1x_VIeMDyko-00157-00078267-00078869 "What I want when I'm home in the presence of a writer is that person's soul. The more solipsistic the better." "A
1x_VIeMDyko-00158-00078924-00079420 story," he's quoted as saying, "must be about what it is about, and continue to be about
1x_VIeMDyko-00159-00079481-00079681 what it is about."
1x_VIeMDyko-00160-00079869-00080441 To me the most interesting way to see Lish is not necessarily the way he sees himself—as
1x_VIeMDyko-00161-00080472-00080957 an otherworldly mystic, or a defender of a lost humanism overwhelmed by science—
1x_VIeMDyko-00162-00080988-00081656 but instead as a highly social thinker whose practice of literary aphasia is also kind of social aphasia,
1x_VIeMDyko-00163-00081693-00082127 the deliberate exclusion of a certain kind of reference, observation, or sign.
1x_VIeMDyko-00164-00082200-00082961 Virtually every writer closely associated with Lish’s teaching and editorial style is white—from writers whose heyday was in the 1980s, like
1x_VIeMDyko-00165-00082961-00083672 Carver and Amy Hempel and Barry Hannah, to writers very much still active and influential today: Schutt,
1x_VIeMDyko-00166-00083679-00084146 Diane Williams, Noy Holland, Sam Lipsyte, Deb Olin Unferth, Ben Marcus.
1x_VIeMDyko-00167-00084192-00084590 The writers Lish promoted so forcefully at the beginning of their careers--
1x_VIeMDyko-00168-00084616-00085110 Don DeLillo, Cormac McCarthy, Harold Brodkey, T. C. Boyle--are all white.
1x_VIeMDyko-00169-00085149-00085499 While the last four decades have seen the emergence of “multicultural literature”—
1x_VIeMDyko-00170-00085563-00086222 that ambivalent phrase, full of coded resentment—as a significant, even dominant, element of the American literary scene,
1x_VIeMDyko-00171-00086250-00086846 Lish has operated in a parallel aesthetic universe that deals neither in culture nor multiplicity.
1x_VIeMDyko-00172-00086868-00087143 You could call this a practice of conscious exclusion,
1x_VIeMDyko-00173-00087143-00087467 but not in the way it may sound.
1x_VIeMDyko-00174-00087510-00088073 Whether Lish deliberately avoided working with nonwhite writers is a significant question for his biographers.
1x_VIeMDyko-00175-00088104-00088892 What concerns me—because I was taught it, and absorbed it, long before I’d ever heard his name—is how his aesthetic so easily
1x_VIeMDyko-00176-00088917-00089687 translates into a practice of shame, rooted in the white body, that makes it so difficult for white writers to recognize race at all.
1x_VIeMDyko-00177-00089760-00089960 Okay, I'll stop there.
1x_VIeMDyko-00178-00090614-00091039 So, questions, thoughts, comments?
1x_VIeMDyko-00179-00091532-00091732 Yeah.
1x_VIeMDyko-00180-00092726-00092926 Talk about what? [UKNOWN].
1x_VIeMDyko-00181-00093612-00094376 Yes, so what I'm talking about here is a particular kind of shame that is rooted in the workshop that has to do with
1x_VIeMDyko-00182-00094422-00094622 the relationship between,
1x_VIeMDyko-00183-00094958-00095536 Essentially, the material that you are supposed to leave out, and the material that you're supposed to leave in.
1x_VIeMDyko-00184-00095576-00095806 So, in the case of somebody like Gordon Lish,
1x_VIeMDyko-00185-00095888-00096088 essentially, the
1x_VIeMDyko-00186-00096101-00096619 practice of writing that he's taught ever since the 1970s has to do with
1x_VIeMDyko-00187-00096786-00097015 Excising anything that,
1x_VIeMDyko-00188-00097151-00097387 culturally, or historically, or
1x_VIeMDyko-00189-00097530-00097747 socially locates the individual.
1x_VIeMDyko-00190-00097907-00098140 So, the turn is a way from
1x_VIeMDyko-00191-00098304-00098798 Thinking about a person's social reality at all to a kind of aphasic
1x_VIeMDyko-00192-00098988-00099307 Representation of thoughts or actions as
1x_VIeMDyko-00193-00099372-00099947 Happening in this kind of very empty space. And so that's a, you know, that's
1x_VIeMDyko-00194-00100029-00100268 an aesthetic of shame and,
1x_VIeMDyko-00195-00100332-00100723 you know, what's really interesting to me about it is that it's so
1x_VIeMDyko-00196-00100866-00101186 portable in a sense. Like,
1x_VIeMDyko-00197-00101414-00101902 Once you start, and this is, you know, this is the way I experience, this is somebody who, I never studied with Lish
1x_VIeMDyko-00198-00102069-00102269 Myself, but I was...
1x_VIeMDyko-00199-00102279-00102551 It became clear to me, you know, after I had taken
1x_VIeMDyko-00200-00102611-00102811 multiple creative writing workshops
1x_VIeMDyko-00201-00102857-00103111 that this idea that
1x_VIeMDyko-00202-00103241-00103834 You were supposed to be always constantly looking for ways to cut your work down
1x_VIeMDyko-00203-00103943-00104707 Was a kind of shame-based methodology, and then you had to ask, like, what is it about this
1x_VIeMDyko-00204-00104769-00104969 sort of work ethic of
1x_VIeMDyko-00205-00105027-00105247 always reducing, reducing, reducing.
1x_VIeMDyko-00206-00105335-00105535 What is that really
1x_VIeMDyko-00207-00105576-00105946 perpetuating, you know, what is that
1x_VIeMDyko-00208-00106023-00106223 encouragement to constantly,
1x_VIeMDyko-00209-00106263-00106510 You know, to constantly be stripping your work down?
1x_VIeMDyko-00210-00106583-00107086 What is it that's being asked to, you know, to be left out, and oftentimes in the writing workshop,
1x_VIeMDyko-00211-00107175-00107596 It essentially means, you know, what it's essentially meant is stripping away
1x_VIeMDyko-00212-00107844-00108115 Cultural context or anything that would,
1x_VIeMDyko-00213-00108201-00108401 That locates the story
1x_VIeMDyko-00214-00108438-00108968 In a particular linguistic community, or linguistic background, or an ethnic community.
1x_VIeMDyko-00215-00108986-00109400 All of that is the material that's supposed to be excised. Does that make sense?
1x_VIeMDyko-00216-00111402-00111602 Well, look at the room we're in.
1x_VIeMDyko-00217-00111785-00111878 So, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00218-00111878-00112663 so, the most, I think, the most basic point is exactly that. It's to start noticing
1x_VIeMDyko-00219-00112821-00113506 who's in the room when you're having these conversations, and how the conversations change depending on who is in the room, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00220-00113613-00114136 You know, whose perspectives are being represented, and whose perspectives aren't, so, it's, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00221-00114136-00114557 so, the most basic thing, I think, is just the practice of
1x_VIeMDyko-00222-00114608-00114808 noticing
1x_VIeMDyko-00223-00115005-00115573 Who's included in conversations, and who's not. That's one thing, but the other, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00224-00115574-00115897 the reason why I chose this passage in particular is because it's about
1x_VIeMDyko-00225-00116009-00116342 the way I learned how to workshop,
1x_VIeMDyko-00226-00116510-00116942 Which was, so much about it was, you know,  it was so much about
1x_VIeMDyko-00227-00117024-00117198 this,
1x_VIeMDyko-00228-00117198-00117449 This idea that whatever you bring to the workshop
1x_VIeMDyko-00229-00117525-00117970 has to be, you know, that there's always going to be something wrong with it,
1x_VIeMDyko-00230-00118033-00118424 And that the point of the workshop is to tell you what's wrong with it,
1x_VIeMDyko-00231-00118533-00118930 And that, you know, that is a... That's something that, I think, is...
1x_VIeMDyko-00232-00119148-00119348 It's, you know, it's so deeply,
1x_VIeMDyko-00233-00119421-00119550 like,
1x_VIeMDyko-00234-00119550-00120125 encoded in this sort of the whole practice of the workshop that what I would hope, and I'm, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00235-00120125-00120191 I'm certainly not
1x_VIeMDyko-00236-00120191-00120467 The only one, is that it draws, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00237-00120467-00121162 It draws attention to the question of whether creative writing workshops, as they're normatively practiced, need to exist at all,
1x_VIeMDyko-00238-00121167-00121349 and whether they, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00239-00121349-00122080 Whether what happens, the kind of teaching that goes on in creative writing programs needs to depend on the practice of the workshop.
1x_VIeMDyko-00240-00122081-00122281 You know, per se.
1x_VIeMDyko-00241-00122358-00122558 Yeah. David, right?
1x_VIeMDyko-00242-00126563-00126736 I'm curious.
1x_VIeMDyko-00243-00126736-00127218 For you, though, as a teacher of creative writing, particularly with introductory
1x_VIeMDyko-00244-00127298-00127627 Writing classes, like, what model do you...
1x_VIeMDyko-00245-00127898-00128098 Like, what model do you
1x_VIeMDyko-00246-00128129-00128251 Deploy in the classroom?
1x_VIeMDyko-00247-00128251-00128839 I mean, like, sometimes, I, like, begin this conversation, and some of the students, like, feel like they haven't experienced that yet.
1x_VIeMDyko-00248-00128839-00129039 Of course, I think,
1x_VIeMDyko-00249-00130019-00130266 You can't take that away.
1x_VIeMDyko-00250-00130561-00131196 Yeah, you know Matt and I, when we were coming here, we went to the... What is that place called? The coffee, yeah.
1x_VIeMDyko-00251-00131279-00131865 Dutch Brothers. So we went through the drive through Dutch Brothers, and the woman was very friendly, and said, like, "Hey,
1x_VIeMDyko-00252-00131866-00132421 Where are you going? Like, what are you up to?" We said we're going to a talk, an event. "What's it about?"
1x_VIeMDyko-00253-00132421-00132966 It's about writing, and she was like, "I'm the world's worst writer," and Matt said to her,
1x_VIeMDyko-00254-00132967-00133345 "No, you're not," and she said, "My mom wrote all my papers when I was in school,"
1x_VIeMDyko-00255-00133394-00133989 And he said, like, "How do you know you're the world's worst writer?" So, like, one very basic thing is,
1x_VIeMDyko-00256-00134186-00134488 And this is something I think about a lot to, like, take away
1x_VIeMDyko-00257-00134561-00134761 the feeling
1x_VIeMDyko-00258-00134879-00135175 of, like, I'm not good enough, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00259-00135263-00135463 the feeling of,
1x_VIeMDyko-00260-00135572-00135966 You know, I'll never be good enough to do this, this rarefied thing,
1x_VIeMDyko-00261-00136139-00136386 And also this, you know, the sense that
1x_VIeMDyko-00262-00136583-00136730 In
1x_VIeMDyko-00263-00136730-00137449 creative, you know, that the point of an introduction to creative writing class is to,
1x_VIeMDyko-00264-00137648-00137907 You know, take these students that are this sort of, like,
1x_VIeMDyko-00265-00137963-00138501 You know, take them, and they're, you know, their state of ignorance or whatever, and to just sort of like turn them, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00266-00138502-00138913 They come out the other end, and they're, like, little Mary Olivers or whatever, you know, like, this,
1x_VIeMDyko-00267-00138913-00139414 you know, that, in other words, like, the way that I promote, I approach in terms of creative writing is
1x_VIeMDyko-00268-00139514-00140175 Offering them a whole wide ring of different approaches to writing, and essentially asking them to
1x_VIeMDyko-00269-00140303-00140503 get out of their comfort zone, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00270-00140540-00140657 to
1x_VIeMDyko-00271-00140657-00141159 Try to to dare themselves to do things that are just radically different from anything
1x_VIeMDyko-00272-00141179-00141781 They've done before, and so that, you know, and that this spent, like, essentially for me
1x_VIeMDyko-00273-00141875-00142288 Giving up the sort of pedagogy that was based on a notion of literary excellence,
1x_VIeMDyko-00274-00142358-00142614 You know, when, for intro students,
1x_VIeMDyko-00275-00142615-00143010 Especially, I think, excellence is just not at all the point.
1x_VIeMDyko-00276-00143042-00143557 Like, I I assign my intro creative writing students the assignment of writing hip-hop lyrics.
1x_VIeMDyko-00277-00143588-00143788 Not because I think they're going to be great at it,
1x_VIeMDyko-00278-00143828-00144408 But because it's such a good way to learn about rhythm, and rhyme, and structure,
1x_VIeMDyko-00279-00144497-00144783 And because some of them might be great at it, and that, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00280-00144784-00145348 I teach in a predominantly white institution, and it makes them so uncomfortable, and that's the point. The point is to
1x_VIeMDyko-00281-00145469-00145669 allow them to
1x_VIeMDyko-00282-00145706-00146316 Have the experience of, like, risking humiliation, which I think is, you know, I think
1x_VIeMDyko-00283-00146420-00146799 That by itself is so important, and it has to do with shame it had, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00284-00146800-00147036 it has to do with, like, the feeling of
1x_VIeMDyko-00285-00147182-00147420 I'm not supposed to be creative in these ways,
1x_VIeMDyko-00286-00147518-00147647 and
1x_VIeMDyko-00287-00147647-00147793 It, you know, so for me,
1x_VIeMDyko-00288-00147793-00148101 It's, like, a lot of it just has to do with, like, moving over the idea of, like,
1x_VIeMDyko-00289-00148124-00148702 Where do I want these students to get to, and it's just starting with them, where they  are...
1x_VIeMDyko-00290-00148748-00148948 If that makes... Does that make sense?
1x_VIeMDyko-00291-00150090-00150290 It's safe to write,
1x_VIeMDyko-00292-00150373-00150556 And,
1x_VIeMDyko-00293-00150556-00150863 You know, your personality is doing the kind of work you're talking about it.
1x_VIeMDyko-00294-00150880-00151451 For example, your face in mind is about racial reassignment surgery, and other things I'm thinking about.
1x_VIeMDyko-00295-00151528-00151775 What are the craft choices that would make it?
1x_VIeMDyko-00296-00151861-00152061 Make that engagement,
1x_VIeMDyko-00297-00152482-00153008 And the unpeopled landscape, or ways of, like, avoiding race. Mhm, what are the crafts choices that
1x_VIeMDyko-00298-00153091-00153456 Make that space more fertile, or make, like, our engaging whiteness
1x_VIeMDyko-00299-00153604-00154127 Necessary to write in this way. Yeah, it's... I mean, it's something that I think about all the time because
1x_VIeMDyko-00300-00154318-00154465 That to me is a real conundrum.
1x_VIeMDyko-00301-00154465-00155111 Right. Right, is how to make the... how to come up with ways of teaching creative writing
1x_VIeMDyko-00302-00155185-00155493 That encourage students to get over that boundary,
1x_VIeMDyko-00303-00155593-00156020 And I, you know, it's, I mean, you can do exercises
1x_VIeMDyko-00304-00156142-00156347 that ask your students to...
1x_VIeMDyko-00305-00156466-00156902 You can effectively assign your students to say, write, you know, write about something that includes,
1x_VIeMDyko-00306-00156903-00157491 You know, characters of different backgrounds. And then how do you mark those characters? How do you describe those characters?
1x_VIeMDyko-00307-00157555-00157755 You can be very directive in that way.
1x_VIeMDyko-00308-00157875-00158020 I
1x_VIeMDyko-00309-00158020-00158267 find that one approach
1x_VIeMDyko-00310-00158371-00158901 that works for me is to ask my students about their own work that they've previously
1x_VIeMDyko-00311-00159037-00159220 produced.
1x_VIeMDyko-00312-00159220-00159452 Asked them how they
1x_VIeMDyko-00313-00159604-00159804 come to
1x_VIeMDyko-00314-00159814-00160452 Conceive of the characters. How did they see the characters in their stories? And do they imagine those characters being like them or not
1x_VIeMDyko-00315-00160452-00160642 like them.
1x_VIeMDyko-00316-00160642-00160831 To ask them to, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00317-00160831-00161342 Expand their own sort of frame of reference, and say if they're, like, describing a scene in a sorority.
1x_VIeMDyko-00318-00161389-00161870 Like, to really think about, like, who's at that party in that sorority, like, who's in the sorority?
1x_VIeMDyko-00319-00162094-00162446 And, you know, and how can you bring out more of a sense of
1x_VIeMDyko-00320-00162553-00162872 A diversity of, you know, people that you're describing.
1x_VIeMDyko-00321-00162951-00163151 Yes. [UKNOWN].
1x_VIeMDyko-00322-00166030-00166230 Absolutely. In this case, in what I'm... [UNKNOWN].
1x_VIeMDyko-00323-00166432-00166949 With the interaction between Gordon Lish and Raymond Carver, it's very obvious that
1x_VIeMDyko-00324-00167188-00167846 Carver is experiencing intense feelings of emasculation, and intense feelings of something being
1x_VIeMDyko-00325-00167974-00168240 torn away from him. That is,
1x_VIeMDyko-00326-00168367-00168565 You know, that is intensely...
1x_VIeMDyko-00327-00168565-00168845 It's a sort of crisis of masculine control,
1x_VIeMDyko-00328-00168847-00169455 You might say. So, that, to me, the two things you can't separate; the one from the other and in some way, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00329-00169455-00169676 And I'm obviously, I'm the last
1x_VIeMDyko-00330-00169729-00170144 Person to be saying this, this has been said for years, but the ethic of the creative writing workshop
1x_VIeMDyko-00331-00170317-00170876 Can be very masculine [UNKNOWN] that way because it has to do so much with,
1x_VIeMDyko-00332-00171037-00171237 You know, sort of splitting...
1x_VIeMDyko-00333-00171292-00171974 The splitting the relationship between content and form, and sort of making form this singular achievement.
1x_VIeMDyko-00334-00172081-00172281 So, you know, this is a,
1x_VIeMDyko-00335-00172375-00172818 You know,  it's such a complicated subject, but I would, you know, on a very basic level,
1x_VIeMDyko-00336-00172906-00173106 I would say that
1x_VIeMDyko-00337-00173161-00173281 the
1x_VIeMDyko-00338-00173281-00173455 question of
1x_VIeMDyko-00339-00173455-00173655 Just noticing who's in the room,
1x_VIeMDyko-00340-00173713-00174020 you know, applies to all kinds of difference, obviously, and,
1x_VIeMDyko-00341-00174103-00174225 You know, that's a, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00342-00174225-00174746 That's a kind of an ethic that, you know, can be... you can look at it from lots of different sources,
1x_VIeMDyko-00343-00174868-00175337 but I often go back to the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, who wrote about
1x_VIeMDyko-00344-00175399-00176112 the face of the other is the sort of ultimate existential challenge for a person's own subjectivity, and,
1x_VIeMDyko-00345-00176236-00176894 So, one thing that Levinas is constantly asking is who is being excluded, who is not, who is being
1x_VIeMDyko-00346-00176947-00177158 Other, who is being left out of this.
1x_VIeMDyko-00347-00184717-00185264 Yeah, I mean, I write about this a little bit in the intro to White Flights, how much I feel like this book is
1x_VIeMDyko-00348-00185265-00185520 Sort of a continuation of the project of playing in the dark,
1x_VIeMDyko-00349-00185644-00185910 But Toni Morrison stops in...
1x_VIeMDyko-00350-00185986-00186743 She really stops around 1950, and this book picks up in 1970s. So, this book is about 1970 to the present, and,
1x_VIeMDyko-00351-00186820-00187211 you know, I think, the way that you've described is a very good way of describing it that
1x_VIeMDyko-00352-00187291-00187545 What she calls the kind of the haunting of
1x_VIeMDyko-00353-00187630-00188007 the Africanist presence, like, the presence of the
1x_VIeMDyko-00354-00188164-00188754 Black people as this, you know, this image of the unfree, the image of the subjugated.
1x_VIeMDyko-00355-00188839-00189066 You know, after the Civil Rights Movement,
1x_VIeMDyko-00356-00189148-00189340 It's not that
1x_VIeMDyko-00357-00189340-00190008 image becomes much more complicated. And so that's why, I think, that there's so much
1x_VIeMDyko-00358-00190075-00190275 Just avoidance of the subject altogether,
1x_VIeMDyko-00359-00190414-00190647 And so that, and so there's this,
1x_VIeMDyko-00360-00190774-00191157 You know, what you see in a lot of cases. Is this kind of ironic?
1x_VIeMDyko-00361-00191338-00191793 Two sides of the same coin, like, this sort of searching for empty landscapes
1x_VIeMDyko-00362-00191848-00192028 that, you know, were
1x_VIeMDyko-00363-00192028-00192248 sort of, kind of like prelapsarian
1x_VIeMDyko-00364-00192301-00192475 landscapes. Like, land, like,
1x_VIeMDyko-00365-00192475-00192848 Jim Harrison's Legends of the Fall, or something like that. Like, sort of empty
1x_VIeMDyko-00366-00192892-00193368 vistas, often which take place in the past, or a river runs through it is another example.
1x_VIeMDyko-00367-00193411-00193943 Something like that, and then at the other end of the spectrum, you have, like, super, super, hyper
1x_VIeMDyko-00368-00194002-00194200 claustrophobic
1x_VIeMDyko-00369-00194200-00194400 stories, like Anne Tyler,
1x_VIeMDyko-00370-00194440-00195186 Raymond Carver, Lydia Davis, people where they have characters operating in totally claustrophobic small spaces, and so,
1x_VIeMDyko-00371-00195186-00195863 You know, like, what's between, like, the claustrophobic small space, and the, like, empty Vista. Well, it's like everything else.
1x_VIeMDyko-00372-00195880-00196175 It's, like, all that others, you know, all that other, like, uncomfortable stuff,
1x_VIeMDyko-00373-00196176-00196472 like, you know, I go to the grocery store, and all of a sudden, there's
1x_VIeMDyko-00374-00196549-00196971 People speaking languages I don't know in the grocery store. It's like, well, I don't want to write about that,
1x_VIeMDyko-00375-00196971-00197543 So I'm gonna write about this, like, totally enclosed space, or this absolute, you know, sort of empty,
1x_VIeMDyko-00376-00197721-00197930 You know, so it's, you know, it's,
1x_VIeMDyko-00377-00198003-00198458 You know, it's a different kind of... it's like, almost a more polite exclusion,
1x_VIeMDyko-00378-00198574-00198757 whereas,
1x_VIeMDyko-00379-00198757-00198915 You know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00380-00198915-00199697 Morrison writes about people like Faulkner and Poe and Willa Cather, who are authors who were directly
1x_VIeMDyko-00381-00199740-00199887 exposed to
1x_VIeMDyko-00382-00199887-00200168 racist violence in their own lifetimes, you know, Poe
1x_VIeMDyko-00383-00200221-00200410 briefly owned an
1x_VIeMDyko-00384-00200410-00200831 Enslaved person, who was given to him. I think his aunt
1x_VIeMDyko-00385-00200920-00201341 gave this servant, enslaved servant to him, and then
1x_VIeMDyko-00386-00201414-00201995 He apparently sold this person not long thereafter. So, he had direct experience of,
1x_VIeMDyko-00387-00202072-00202674 I mean, was it not only surrounded him, but he was directly implicated in it. And so, you know, he never, well,
1x_VIeMDyko-00388-00202674-00203003 He never wrote about it directly. You can't miss
1x_VIeMDyko-00389-00203064-00203519 The presence of images of darkness and likeness in his work.
1x_VIeMDyko-00390-00203520-00203939 I mean, as Morrison says, you have to work very hard to ignore
1x_VIeMDyko-00391-00204012-00204662 The presence of blackness and prose, and the importance of blackness in Poe's work. So that is, like, that's coming from, like, a,
1x_VIeMDyko-00392-00204789-00205178 You know, that's coming from a context of, like, explicit
1x_VIeMDyko-00393-00205236-00205979 violence and subjugation, and what you see after 1970 is that the explicit violence and subjugation is mostly out of the picture, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00394-00206010-00206213 so, you get a, kind of, a much more, like,
1x_VIeMDyko-00395-00206337-00206999 Psychological posture of, like, of avoidance of, like, I'm just going to look at something else, and pretend that this other thing
1x_VIeMDyko-00396-00207042-00207242 Isn't happening.
1x_VIeMDyko-00397-00207352-00207552 Yeah. [UNKNOWN].
1x_VIeMDyko-00398-00209052-00209320 Mhm. Can you say a little bit more about what you mean?
1x_VIeMDyko-00399-00213748-00214263 Yes, I mean it's a great question. This is... so, little contemporary fiction is
1x_VIeMDyko-00400-00214333-00214962 Written using omniscient narrators that I'm trying to sort of, like, think, you know, look for examples of that,
1x_VIeMDyko-00401-00215056-00215565 you know, one of the ones that stent that I write about here, that it stands out to me is,
1x_VIeMDyko-00402-00215675-00215970 Well, I can... I would actually maybe point to two examples.
1x_VIeMDyko-00403-00216217-00216441 Jonathan Franzen in a book like The Corrections
1x_VIeMDyko-00404-00216503-00217071 is, you know, he's using a variety of omniscient, you know, he's got lots of different characters, lots of different perspectives, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00405-00217207-00217506 the really striking thing about that book to me is that
1x_VIeMDyko-00406-00217606-00217848 It's this very... It's this omniscient,
1x_VIeMDyko-00407-00217913-00218113 Or seemingly omniscient,
1x_VIeMDyko-00408-00218351-00219042 Narrator, and this very wide spanning view of American society in 1999,
1x_VIeMDyko-00409-00219042-00219561 And there's no people of color anywhere in the story, you know, so they're systematically,
1x_VIeMDyko-00410-00219698-00219969 you know, once you're aware of that, you see how
1x_VIeMDyko-00411-00220261-00220602 Systematically they're excluded from every single scene, you know, restaurants,
1x_VIeMDyko-00412-00220654-00220817 inner-city, Philadelphia
1x_VIeMDyko-00413-00220817-00221296 Cruise ships, St. Louis, New York. It's... how could you do that?
1x_VIeMDyko-00414-00221296-00221950 You know,  how could you write about all these spaces in 1999, and have it, you know, entirely focused on my characters?
1x_VIeMDyko-00415-00221950-00222186 It's really, it's almost like a magic trick how he does it.
1x_VIeMDyko-00416-00222244-00222834 So, there's that, and then the other example, I would point to of a novel that uses another kind of,
1x_VIeMDyko-00417-00222914-00223371 You know, kind of, sort of, omniscience is Middlesex, Jeffrey Eugenides's novel.
1x_VIeMDyko-00418-00223496-00223696 Middlesex, in which he employs
1x_VIeMDyko-00419-00223819-00224019 omniscience
1x_VIeMDyko-00420-00224044-00224177 to
1x_VIeMDyko-00421-00224177-00224529 Tell the story of this Greek family,
1x_VIeMDyko-00422-00224632-00225123 Starting in Turkey in the late 19th century, early 20th century, and tracing them
1x_VIeMDyko-00423-00225202-00225648 As they move through, sort of, the steps of immigration and assimilation in America,
1x_VIeMDyko-00424-00225725-00226179 And the whole sort of history of the sort of transmogrification,
1x_VIeMDyko-00425-00226381-00226581 Transmigration, or whatever, of
1x_VIeMDyko-00426-00226671-00226871 Greeks and other southern Europeans
1x_VIeMDyko-00427-00226911-00227091 into white American citizens.
1x_VIeMDyko-00428-00227091-00227592 Like, that's what the book is really is about, and, I think, he uses, I
1x_VIeMDyko-00429-00227617-00228225 would say, he uses omniscience in that book very beautifully to illuminate stories and
1x_VIeMDyko-00430-00228360-00228617 bits of the the family story that
1x_VIeMDyko-00431-00228696-00228906 Wouldn't necessarily have survived
1x_VIeMDyko-00432-00229009-00229697 In the retelling if he didn't sort of, like, go back, and, like, perversely investigate them, you know, using omniscient
1x_VIeMDyko-00433-00229765-00230285 Techniques. I'm not sure if that's a helpful answer, but those are that, you know, those are the books that come to mind.
1x_VIeMDyko-00434-00230367-00230567 Yeah. [UNKNOWN].
1x_VIeMDyko-00435-00233782-00233987 Well, I wanted this to be about this.
1x_VIeMDyko-00436-00234950-00235150 [UNKNOWN]. I
1x_VIeMDyko-00437-00236664-00236858 Mean, it's interesting,
1x_VIeMDyko-00438-00236858-00237517 You know, that question gets, I think, that question has now probably been asked of every major white American director,
1x_VIeMDyko-00439-00237537-00237737 You know, was asked of the Coen brothers,
1x_VIeMDyko-00440-00237906-00238184 You know, because the question comes, obviously, the question comes up
1x_VIeMDyko-00441-00238281-00238859 In a way now that it never would that it might not have in the, say, in the 1990s or in the 1980s,
1x_VIeMDyko-00442-00238998-00239218 and, you know, it's... I
1x_VIeMDyko-00443-00239310-00239839 Think, there's, you could, say there's sort of different answers in every case,
1x_VIeMDyko-00444-00239840-00240242 but what it, you know, what it demonstrates to me is
1x_VIeMDyko-00445-00240411-00241072 it's not just about the sort of, like, racialized exclusivity of the film business, although that plays a big part of that.
1x_VIeMDyko-00446-00241104-00241522 It's not just about saying, like, "Oh, we're not going to cast these people, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00447-00241523-00242051 we're gonna, like, limit the casting." It's about the vision of those directors, and the vision is
1x_VIeMDyko-00448-00242217-00242417 That, you know, it's the vision of
1x_VIeMDyko-00449-00242546-00242733 an
1x_VIeMDyko-00450-00242733-00242933 exclusionary white
1x_VIeMDyko-00451-00243117-00243613 Context or white artistic vision, you know, in an era when the country
1x_VIeMDyko-00452-00243681-00243819 became
1x_VIeMDyko-00453-00243819-00243998 so much more
1x_VIeMDyko-00454-00243998-00244253 Diverse and racially and culturally complex.
1x_VIeMDyko-00455-00244296-00244646 So, you know, if you look at the Coen brothers, you look at David Lynch, or something like that,
1x_VIeMDyko-00456-00244656-00244954 they have their individual artistic visions, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00457-00245010-00245227 somehow they can only see fit to
1x_VIeMDyko-00458-00245289-00245489 carry out those visions
1x_VIeMDyko-00459-00245646-00245832 Using white subjects.
1x_VIeMDyko-00460-00245832-00246287 So, to me, that means that their work is about whiteness, you know, that they're, like, you can't
1x_VIeMDyko-00461-00246351-00246551 separate the Coen brothers,
1x_VIeMDyko-00462-00246617-00247369 Use of, you know, motifs of the Western or, you know, all the different case, you know, you can't separate that from,
1x_VIeMDyko-00463-00247421-00247621 you know, a body of work, that's about
1x_VIeMDyko-00464-00247740-00247940 whiteness,
1x_VIeMDyko-00465-00247950-00248141 and, you know, that,
1x_VIeMDyko-00466-00248141-00248516 I think, in some ways, like, that's the conversation
1x_VIeMDyko-00467-00248559-00249178 that always gets avoided when it's a, you know, when it's sort of, like, hashtag oscarssowhite blah blah blah, you know all this stuff about
1x_VIeMDyko-00468-00249252-00249469 Casting all that stuff is very, very important,
1x_VIeMDyko-00469-00249542-00249904 But it's equally important to look at these
1x_VIeMDyko-00470-00249984-00250184 major
1x_VIeMDyko-00471-00250206-00250586 Directors or authors or whatever, and simply say well, let's look back at your career,
1x_VIeMDyko-00472-00250586-00250867 You know, your movies. You've made all these movies, you've made all this stuff,
1x_VIeMDyko-00473-00251031-00251231 You know, what does it say
1x_VIeMDyko-00474-00251244-00251611 about how white culture has,
1x_VIeMDyko-00475-00251733-00252101 You know, what culture, especially in film, has differentiated itself,
1x_VIeMDyko-00476-00252129-00252563 and if, you know, if you look at it, and that way like that, you know, David Lynch's movies and
1x_VIeMDyko-00477-00252759-00253169 the kind of the images of, like, horror, and objection, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00478-00253242-00253448 monstrousness in his movies.
1x_VIeMDyko-00479-00253677-00253877 Obviously, takes on a racialized,
1x_VIeMDyko-00480-00253929-00254546 You know, aspect, just like with Poe, like, you know, when the, you know, and it's like this sort of, like, empty
1x_VIeMDyko-00481-00254700-00254900 Hollywood
1x_VIeMDyko-00482-00254934-00255185 Setting, you know, like, late at night and then the
1x_VIeMDyko-00483-00255269-00255769 Woman, like comes around the restaurant, and there's this like, you know, hideous monster,
1x_VIeMDyko-00484-00255783-00256423 well, who is the hideous monster, you know, like, who is the wife you were afraid of it and see, you know, I mean,
1x_VIeMDyko-00485-00256423-00256705 It's just in other words. It just, like, begs that kind of interpretation.
1x_VIeMDyko-00486-00257028-00257281 More questions. Yeah, you had a second question. [UNKNOWN].
1x_VIeMDyko-00487-00259096-00259732 I guess, that's not, like, colors sort of problem. That's why people's problem
1x_VIeMDyko-00488-00261158-00261317 Both,
1x_VIeMDyko-00489-00261317-00261580 but it's both, but I think
1x_VIeMDyko-00490-00261692-00262342 It's very important to pay attention to the kinds of conversations that happen in
1x_VIeMDyko-00491-00262418-00262618 all white spaces, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00492-00262715-00262915 to,
1x_VIeMDyko-00493-00262936-00263592 When possible, redirect those conversations towards some awareness of,
1x_VIeMDyko-00494-00263774-00263930 You know, the...
1x_VIeMDyko-00495-00263930-00264435 Of the kind of exclusivity, and the kind of ingroup values that are being mirrored in that space,
1x_VIeMDyko-00496-00264545-00265105 And that you and you know, and then hopefully turn that to some consideration of whiteness
1x_VIeMDyko-00497-00265175-00265528 I think that's that's that's that's really essential
1x_VIeMDyko-00498-00265636-00265836 because there's
1x_VIeMDyko-00499-00265865-00266065 there's no way of
1x_VIeMDyko-00500-00266270-00266766 Sort of understanding what Juditch Butler calls the psychic life of power without
1x_VIeMDyko-00501-00266911-00267429 thinking about the subjectivity of people who have power, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00502-00267695-00267895 Hold on to it, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00503-00267920-00268079 aggregate it, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00504-00268079-00268548 Protect it, and maybe apologize for it, and yet protected at the same time.
1x_VIeMDyko-00505-00268670-00269104 You know, so you have to enter into the subjectivity of the people in power. On the other hand,
1x_VIeMDyko-00506-00269246-00269838 you know, if you're thinking about... If you're trying to model a kind of
1x_VIeMDyko-00507-00269906-00270192 new community of understanding and interchange,
1x_VIeMDyko-00508-00270254-00270594 Then you have to take that kind of, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00509-00270608-00271129 awareness of the subjectivity of white privilege, and then put it in conversation with
1x_VIeMDyko-00510-00271188-00271624 Non-white people, you know, so both. Does that make sense?
1x_VIeMDyko-00511-00271692-00271892 Yeah.
1x_VIeMDyko-00512-00271953-00272153 There's much more to be said.
1x_VIeMDyko-00513-00272220-00272854 Yeah, it's, you know, that's it. I mean that's subject. Of course, it goes well beyond, like, literature or creative writing or anything
1x_VIeMDyko-00514-00272855-00273055 That's, like, a larger [UNKNOWN].
1x_VIeMDyko-00515-00274422-00274593 Yeah.
1x_VIeMDyko-00516-00274593-00274740 Yeah.
1x_VIeMDyko-00517-00274740-00274970 Totally. Yeah, it's, I mean,
1x_VIeMDyko-00518-00275076-00275588 With a lot of the people of color and writers of color that I interact with,
1x_VIeMDyko-00519-00275643-00275926 like, one of their major questions is
1x_VIeMDyko-00520-00276039-00276697 What happens when we're not here, you know, it's like what happens when white people, like, are talking amongst themselves. We're not present
1x_VIeMDyko-00521-00276780-00276903 and,
1x_VIeMDyko-00522-00276903-00277164 I think, that awareness has to do with the fact that, well, the conversation really is different, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00523-00277644-00277867 Things really do get said that
1x_VIeMDyko-00524-00277980-00278180 People don't want to have repeated in public,
1x_VIeMDyko-00525-00278304-00278545 and so, you know, it's really important to
1x_VIeMDyko-00526-00278868-00279593 Sort of, to end that sort of group silence, you know, the sort of... that, like, cordon of
1x_VIeMDyko-00527-00279672-00280211 Well, we're not going to talk about what happened in this meeting, or we're not going to talk about what happened at the bar,
1x_VIeMDyko-00528-00280272-00280520 you know, it's, you know, that is... it's the...
1x_VIeMDyko-00529-00280593-00280822 Sometimes, it's like the casual offhand
1x_VIeMDyko-00530-00280920-00281022 conversations
1x_VIeMDyko-00531-00281022-00281545 That are, like, the most damaging, but also the most illuminating, and, so, that's the kind of stuff that needs to be,
1x_VIeMDyko-00532-00281565-00281765 You know, talked about,
1x_VIeMDyko-00533-00281799-00282026 Made public, which is really, you know, uncomfortable
1x_VIeMDyko-00534-00282135-00282335 and embarrassing.
1x_VIeMDyko-00535-00282479-00282679 Yeah. [UNKNOWN].
1x_VIeMDyko-00536-00285096-00285544 Great question, how do you get past the defensiveness, the people. How do you get  past the
1x_VIeMDyko-00537-00285651-00285982 defensive part of the conversation? I, you know, I
1x_VIeMDyko-00538-00286052-00286232 often think that
1x_VIeMDyko-00539-00286232-00286654 one way to approach that is to ask people to
1x_VIeMDyko-00540-00286805-00287020 Maybe do a little bit of individual writing
1x_VIeMDyko-00541-00287091-00287383 about a circumstance in which they felt
1x_VIeMDyko-00542-00287477-00287579 uncomfortable,
1x_VIeMDyko-00543-00287579-00288187 or a circumstance in which they felt judged or something, and you can even do it in a way that
1x_VIeMDyko-00544-00288225-00288802 distances the question from like questions of you know of race, you know, and then
1x_VIeMDyko-00545-00288905-00289105 Try to get people to
1x_VIeMDyko-00546-00289211-00289585 Talk about their own vulnerabilities, and make clear that, you know,
1x_VIeMDyko-00547-00289585-00289840 Whatever conversation you're having or whatever space that you're creating,
1x_VIeMDyko-00548-00289890-00290380 That it's okay for people to say inappropriate things, and it's okay for them to talk about,
1x_VIeMDyko-00549-00290552-00290842 You know, responses that are...
1x_VIeMDyko-00550-00290913-00291473 That might make them look bad because you're creating a place where people can,
1x_VIeMDyko-00551-00291575-00291817 you know, talk about their racialized selves, and,
1x_VIeMDyko-00552-00291953-00292318 I think, sometimes, if you give people permission to feel uncomfortable,
1x_VIeMDyko-00553-00292400-00292993 Then they become less uncomfortable. You know, if you say, like, you know, nobody's perfect here,
1x_VIeMDyko-00554-00293003-00293662 Everybody has something to contribute, and everybody's experience is valid. Then you sort of give people permission to share.
1x_VIeMDyko-00555-00293753-00294391 It also takes time. You know, it takes, like, you know, it's important to establish relationships, and,
1x_VIeMDyko-00556-00294455-00295231 You know, the problem with, like, sort of one-off diversity workshops often is that, like, they just happen once, and then everyone's like, okay
1x_VIeMDyko-00557-00295286-00295873 Done with that, you know, we're gonna walk on to the rest of our lives. So, you know, it's, I mean, that the most important
1x_VIeMDyko-00558-00296108-00296680 Thing, I think, is to, like, get away from a reactive model. Like, when I was a composition teacher,
1x_VIeMDyko-00559-00296739-00297516 there was a much older composition teacher to my Writing Center who wrote this book about race in the composition classroom.
1x_VIeMDyko-00560-00297516-00297716 She was a very well-intentioned person,
1x_VIeMDyko-00561-00297769-00298088 but the title of her book was When Race Breaks Out, and
1x_VIeMDyko-00562-00298216-00298399 that,
1x_VIeMDyko-00563-00298399-00298886 You know, the more I thought about it, like, his years when I was like that is the problem
1x_VIeMDyko-00564-00298887-00299087 It's like, you know, it's like we're treating
1x_VIeMDyko-00565-00299104-00299660 Discussions about races if there's some kind of like outbreak of a tear of Ebola or something. It's like race is broken out
1x_VIeMDyko-00566-00299661-00300276 What are we gonna do everybody run around and so the problem with that is like from the white?
1x_VIeMDyko-00567-00300376-00300581 Subjectivity or whatever it's like treating race
1x_VIeMDyko-00568-00300637-00301221 In a purely reactive way like something comes up and then we have to deal with it as opposed to saying like well
1x_VIeMDyko-00569-00301221-00301808 I'm gonna build this into my syllabus from like day one to you know week one to week 14 like this is you know this
1x_VIeMDyko-00570-00301936-00302304 we're not going to assume that this is a conversation we have to have once we're gonna
1x_VIeMDyko-00571-00302374-00302601 accept that this is a conversation we're going to
1x_VIeMDyko-00572-00302935-00303135 You know
1x_VIeMDyko-00573-00307324-00307524 Yeah
1x_VIeMDyko-00574-00310949-00311419 Yeah, well, you know, I almost like to write fiction that has people
1x_VIeMDyko-00575-00311519-00311725 That involves people like having long conversations
1x_VIeMDyko-00576-00311825-00311969 and
1x_VIeMDyko-00577-00311969-00312706 you know having a lot of like a lot of a lot of dialogue and you know, getting angry and arguing with one another and
1x_VIeMDyko-00578-00312848-00313408 you know fiction that sort of goes from like a very high conceptual level to a very low conceptual level and
1x_VIeMDyko-00579-00313568-00314344 So sometimes I get criticized for my books being too like sort of digressive in that way but then you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00580-00314344-00314686 I sort of felt about your face in mine a little bit the way you foe, which is that
1x_VIeMDyko-00581-00314834-00315100 You know, I kind of hated to like, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00582-00315158-00315433 Direct everything into like this sort of narrative tunnel
1x_VIeMDyko-00583-00315433-00315847 You know because it has like a thriller like structure like something has to happen at the end
1x_VIeMDyko-00584-00315847-00316162 Like there's this big secret what's going to happen? And you know, it's like
1x_VIeMDyko-00585-00316361-00316975 So, you know, so I'm always, you know as a fiction writer like I'm always interested in
1x_VIeMDyko-00586-00317246-00317542 Finding ways to interrupt the narrative so people can keep talking
1x_VIeMDyko-00587-00317600-00318142 You know and in the book in the book, I'm working on now. I'm working. I was just telling Matt I turned in the first
1x_VIeMDyko-00588-00318209-00318377 half of
1x_VIeMDyko-00589-00318377-00318928 My new novel to my editor and agent last week and it's 400 pages. The first half is a four hundred pages
1x_VIeMDyko-00590-00319025-00319225 And there's a lot of talk
1x_VIeMDyko-00591-00319292-00319798 There's a lot of other things too, you know, there's a lot of other things too. But like it's about Palestine
1x_VIeMDyko-00592-00319798-00319998 It's about climate change. It's about
1x_VIeMDyko-00593-00320315-00320479 And you know and it hasn't, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00594-00320479-00320884 It has a narrative structure and things happen and people die and very very tragic things
1x_VIeMDyko-00595-00320903-00321259 But but it's like, you know, it's like it's like enough about that
1x_VIeMDyko-00596-00321311-00321511 Let's get back to this conversation
1x_VIeMDyko-00597-00321618-00321777 Because like
1x_VIeMDyko-00598-00321777-00321977 like I would say like
1x_VIeMDyko-00599-00321993-00322558 Doris Lessing is the golden. Notebook is a great book that that sort of operates on that on that principle that I read
1x_VIeMDyko-00600-00322677-00322808 Sort of recently
1x_VIeMDyko-00601-00322808-00323173 Because I was looking I was looking for other long novels that sort of have this
1x_VIeMDyko-00602-00323180-00323668 Structure of like people just talking and talking and talking and that you know that book, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00603-00323669-00324334 There are events and it takes place over very long historical continuum. But the most important thing is
1x_VIeMDyko-00604-00324441-00324650 The is the conversations
1x_VIeMDyko-00605-00324785-00325201 And so, you know when you sit when they when you bring up the word incremental?
1x_VIeMDyko-00606-00325269-00325469 It's a really interesting
1x_VIeMDyko-00607-00325503-00325979 question because it gets to the point of like well, what is the point of having all these conversations and
1x_VIeMDyko-00608-00326115-00326351 you know, the the thing is that I
1x_VIeMDyko-00609-00326475-00326959 feel like the the thing that fiction can do is
1x_VIeMDyko-00610-00327276-00327433 Really in a sense it's there
1x_VIeMDyko-00611-00327433-00327994 there are two things that from my perspective fix you can do one is it can pre it can preserve a
1x_VIeMDyko-00612-00328058-00328447 Memory of what it was like to be alive at a certain moment in history
1x_VIeMDyko-00613-00328521-00329137 That's one very important thing. But the other thing that that fiction can do is it can model
1x_VIeMDyko-00614-00329231-00329557 It can give us the opportunity to model
1x_VIeMDyko-00615-00329807-00330058 Stories that have ends like think, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00616-00330058-00330562 In other words thinking about a racial situation or thinking about you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00617-00330563-00331333 A situation of injustice that feels like it's never going to end in reality and sort of thinking about ways that it might end
1x_VIeMDyko-00618-00331430-00331553 you know because that you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00619-00331553-00331897 what what fiction gives us is the ability to like create a situation and
1x_VIeMDyko-00620-00331926-00332248 End this situation and in life, we don't get to do that very
1x_VIeMDyko-00621-00332309-00332509 often, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00622-00332555-00333088 You know, we can't control the ends. We can control our own end. We can't control the end of the Trump administration
1x_VIeMDyko-00623-00333104-00333502 We can you know, we can't, you know, we can't do that but in fiction you can control that
1x_VIeMDyko-00624-00333560-00333892 So, you know, so that's like the narrative imperative
1x_VIeMDyko-00625-00333948-00334441 But then there's also the like the historical memory imperative and so I'm always interested in balance
1x_VIeMDyko-00626-00334500-00334700 those two things
1x_VIeMDyko-00627-00334716-00335177 Which none it, you know, not everybody not and not every writer or reader
1x_VIeMDyko-00628-00335340-00335582 Is interested in that much
1x_VIeMDyko-00629-00335733-00336427 Discourse, you know, some people just like sort of just going straight, you know, I'm much more like
1x_VIeMDyko-00630-00336726-00336926 Yeah another question
1x_VIeMDyko-00631-00341540-00341740 Yeah
1x_VIeMDyko-00632-00341889-00342430 Yeah, I was it when you were asking the question I had this flashback of this terrible experience I had once
1x_VIeMDyko-00633-00342527-00342727 singing karaoke in China
1x_VIeMDyko-00634-00342740-00343129 where the song was evany and ivory, you know, the
1x_VIeMDyko-00635-00343181-00343768 Paul McCartney song and it you know, they come with these they came with these videos, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00636-00343768-00344533 they all had like these these these videos that and so the video in this case was of a an actor playing a piano and
1x_VIeMDyko-00637-00344651-00345040 the the actor had been painted with with
1x_VIeMDyko-00638-00345101-00345313 grease paint half black and white
1x_VIeMDyko-00639-00345368-00345817 Like and I think it was actually a Chinese actor you even played it painted hat, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00640-00345817-00346354 it was like the literalization of the black and white was like it would have been taken to the furthest possible extreme of like the
1x_VIeMDyko-00641-00346354-00346554 person himself had like one black hand and
1x_VIeMDyko-00642-00346697-00347053 It was just so horrible, you know, it was it was it was a horrible
1x_VIeMDyko-00643-00347198-00347398 thing
1x_VIeMDyko-00644-00347423-00347527 This is you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00645-00347527-00348037 That question comes that came up a couple of times when I was writing this book when I was writing about epiphanies
1x_VIeMDyko-00646-00348080-00348373 for one thing because epiphanies are so much about light and
1x_VIeMDyko-00647-00348449-00348961 It's one and and they're one of these cases where you feel like, are we ever going to be able to get away from?
1x_VIeMDyko-00648-00349049-00349175 the
1x_VIeMDyko-00649-00349175-00349813 Association between like the dawn breaking and like epiphany and the in the in the character in the story
1x_VIeMDyko-00650-00349904-00350104 so
1x_VIeMDyko-00651-00350111-00350557 That was you know, so that was one place where I really, you know, I mean, I think that this is
1x_VIeMDyko-00652-00350645-00350845 one of the reasons that
1x_VIeMDyko-00653-00350981-00351114 Epiphanies
1x_VIeMDyko-00654-00351114-00351314 have to be
1x_VIeMDyko-00655-00351329-00351559 undone, or you know, you have to you have to
1x_VIeMDyko-00656-00351639-00352162 Be very careful about how you use that kind of imagery because it's so over determined
1x_VIeMDyko-00657-00352239-00352537 And it's over determined because of the sort of American
1x_VIeMDyko-00658-00352607-00352807 belief in grace and
1x_VIeMDyko-00659-00352865-00353122 Redemption is this thing that just like comes down from on high?
1x_VIeMDyko-00660-00353225-00353425 so that's that's one way in which I
1x_VIeMDyko-00661-00353514-00353956 Wrote about that very same frustration. And then the other time was when I was talking about interracial
1x_VIeMDyko-00662-00354020-00354250 stories because interracial
1x_VIeMDyko-00663-00354323-00354727 Stories and especially stories of the tragic mulatto are often
1x_VIeMDyko-00664-00354867-00355094 You know are often coated in
1x_VIeMDyko-00665-00355149-00355642 You know black and white imagery or imagery of like black bleeding into white or something like that
1x_VIeMDyko-00666-00355681-00355951 And it's so horrible most of the time, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00667-00355952-00356422 like the dark shadows or like the shadow fell over her face or something like that and
1x_VIeMDyko-00668-00356574-00357224 Again it's like you know, it's it's important not only to recognize that those images are so are these painful cliches?
1x_VIeMDyko-00669-00357260-00357472 but that they're cliches because
1x_VIeMDyko-00670-00357741-00358127 They're a way of relying on racialized thinking
1x_VIeMDyko-00671-00358167-00358777 That there always has to be this binary between black and white and that we always have to be thinking in terms of this binary
1x_VIeMDyko-00672-00358777-00359050 and so part of what I argue in that and that essay is
1x_VIeMDyko-00673-00359129-00359410 that we need to be thinking much more about how
1x_VIeMDyko-00674-00359486-00359773 the black/white binary in
1x_VIeMDyko-00675-00359889-00360089 You know in American cultural life
1x_VIeMDyko-00676-00360168-00360736 Is a is a catechesis. It's a it's a it's a binary that has never really existed
1x_VIeMDyko-00677-00360833-00360980 and
1x_VIeMDyko-00678-00360980-00361170 It's so boring
1x_VIeMDyko-00679-00361170-00361368 you know when the
1x_VIeMDyko-00680-00361368-00361568 racial categorization is
1x_VIeMDyko-00681-00361607-00362332 Is just is just boring. It's tedious because it's always so reductive in the way that black and white imagery is always so
1x_VIeMDyko-00682-00362439-00362768 It's always so reductive, you know, because it's like, you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00683-00362768-00363449 You're you're either dealing with like pure black or pure white or some like, you know, mingling of the two and you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00684-00363449-00363615 You're left on this
1x_VIeMDyko-00685-00363615-00363859 You're left with a sense that there's only two possibilities
1x_VIeMDyko-00686-00363942-00364244 Which is so you know, which is so wrong and unhelpful
1x_VIeMDyko-00687-00364352-00364552 and not
1x_VIeMDyko-00688-00364593-00364976 You know and doesn't doesn't doesn't lend itself to interesting narratives
1x_VIeMDyko-00689-00365043-00365546 So that's you know, my frustration is the same as your frustration. It's a you know, that imagery is so
1x_VIeMDyko-00690-00365640-00365840 difficult to get away from
1x_VIeMDyko-00691-00365984-00366256 Maybe can we do maybe one more more question?
1x_VIeMDyko-00692-00366404-00366865 Yeah. Oh, sorry. Sorry. Can I you didn't that you haven't asked a question handsome?
1x_VIeMDyko-00693-00370964-00371710 Like that the pressure the list you pressure of breakfast, you know and get rid of everything else there's also the pressure
1x_VIeMDyko-00694-00374468-00374706 Yes, so I you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00695-00374707-00375133 I think what you're saying is is really really important and what I always try to do is draw attention to
1x_VIeMDyko-00696-00375185-00375742 the question of I mean it's a question of shame again what you're talking about like the
1x_VIeMDyko-00697-00375779-00376234 The feeling of like I don't want to do this because I'm going to be criticized for doing it wrong
1x_VIeMDyko-00698-00376271-00376477 I'm going to be criticized for being insensitive
1x_VIeMDyko-00699-00376553-00376753 or inaccurate or
1x_VIeMDyko-00700-00376841-00377545 you know or just labeled as racist or something so that so that to me too is a
1x_VIeMDyko-00701-00377684-00378442 is largely a white fantasy of a kind of persecution that
1x_VIeMDyko-00702-00378659-00379312 Really needs to be unpacked right like that the the feeling of like I'm not allowed to do this because
1x_VIeMDyko-00703-00379487-00380047 I'm getting it criticized or there's all this pressure or something. I think it's extremely important to unpack
1x_VIeMDyko-00704-00380047-00380391 Well, where do you see that pressure coming from who is the person you?
1x_VIeMDyko-00705-00380450-00380650 imagine doing the criticizing
1x_VIeMDyko-00706-00380753-00381094 What is the worst-case scenario? What can you imagine happening to you?
1x_VIeMDyko-00707-00381191-00381391 If you if somebody called you a racist
1x_VIeMDyko-00708-00381455-00382081 you know, how would that make you feel like it's really important to like go into those to ask those questions because
1x_VIeMDyko-00709-00382304-00382699 You can get to a lot of interesting places by asking those questions
1x_VIeMDyko-00710-00382811-00383119 That you know that what we're talking about. There is really like
1x_VIeMDyko-00711-00383258-00383781 The whole notion of or one part of the notion of white fragility of that's you know the sense of like this
1x_VIeMDyko-00712-00383918-00384169 white subjectivity that feels
1x_VIeMDyko-00713-00384248-00384459 completely like comfortable and chill until
1x_VIeMDyko-00714-00384569-00384769 somebody draws attention to
1x_VIeMDyko-00715-00384854-00385405 Its racialized existence and then there's the sense of like fraud like, oh my god. What am I supposed to do?
1x_VIeMDyko-00716-00385405-00385519 What am I supposed to say?
1x_VIeMDyko-00717-00385519-00386040 and so part of that comes from as you say it comes from like not having had a background not having had these kinds of
1x_VIeMDyko-00718-00386051-00386814 conversations but it's just also is you know in a broader sense like it's just it's illustrative of the way that
1x_VIeMDyko-00719-00386870-00387070 the psychology of power
1x_VIeMDyko-00720-00387101-00387301 which feels so
1x_VIeMDyko-00721-00387359-00387705 sort of continuous and sustaining and and
1x_VIeMDyko-00722-00387788-00388246 comfortable is actually very fragile, you know, and it's actually always
1x_VIeMDyko-00723-00388327-00389052 Filled with a kind of insecurity about what happens when my power is being taken away. So to me you can take that
1x_VIeMDyko-00724-00389150-00389607 Conversation to very interesting places, but it's you know, it's a really difficult current
1x_VIeMDyko-00725-00389607-00389904 you know, it's a really you know, it it it you you have to
1x_VIeMDyko-00726-00389959-00390402 You know, I was as I was saying earlier like you have to you know with your students or in whatever
1x_VIeMDyko-00727-00390532-00391161 Places is happening in a book group in a reading or whatever. You have to ask people to
1x_VIeMDyko-00728-00391241-00391441 take the risk of
1x_VIeMDyko-00729-00391568-00391732 Feeling embarrassed
1x_VIeMDyko-00730-00391732-00392220 You know and fit and also take the risk of imagining like what is the worst thing that could happen?
1x_VIeMDyko-00731-00392329-00392529 Does that make sense?
1x_VIeMDyko-00732-00395260-00395744 I know but it's I mean like I feel like if you have like a failed conversation
1x_VIeMDyko-00733-00395791-00396132 Then it's always really important to ask like why did this conversation fail?
1x_VIeMDyko-00734-00396202-00396818 You know, like if everyone's silent and nobody wants to talk now, let's talk about why nobody wants to talk now. You know what?
1x_VIeMDyko-00735-00398368-00398445 Yeah, so
1x_VIeMDyko-00736-00398445-00398481 You know
1x_VIeMDyko-00737-00398481-00399065 so so having written two books of the same quality like this is something that I've dealt with and my
1x_VIeMDyko-00738-00399106-00399363 My feeling is like when I go out into the world
1x_VIeMDyko-00739-00399439-00399723 having written this material like my first
1x_VIeMDyko-00740-00399802-00400190 Priority is that any kind of response the material is okay
1x_VIeMDyko-00741-00400216-00400596 As long as it doesn't as long as there's no guns in the room or you know
1x_VIeMDyko-00742-00400596-00400947 Which you know in some places is a you know, that's that's a question
1x_VIeMDyko-00743-00401008-00401264 You know, you know any kind of response is, okay?
1x_VIeMDyko-00744-00401392-00401979 If people are frustrated or angry or feel that I don't have the right to talk about it or whatever
1x_VIeMDyko-00745-00402013-00402213 it's totally fine and
1x_VIeMDyko-00746-00402304-00402504 it's my job to
1x_VIeMDyko-00747-00402691-00403083 It's my job to absorb those responses and try to
1x_VIeMDyko-00748-00403204-00403755 Engage on whatever level I can but the fundamental truth. Is that like
1x_VIeMDyko-00749-00403755-00404117 you know as I think all of us know like these
1x_VIeMDyko-00750-00404290-00404490 These kinds of questions
1x_VIeMDyko-00751-00404593-00405290 They, you know people bring all kinds of pain with them into the room when you're talking about race in American context and
1x_VIeMDyko-00752-00405361-00405905 So you can't predict who's coming into the room and you can't predict how they're gonna respond to what's being presented
1x_VIeMDyko-00753-00405910-00406520 and so it's okay, you know, like it's, you know, it's it's if if people criticize me
1x_VIeMDyko-00754-00406591-00406867 That's totally fine like that. And and I
1x_VIeMDyko-00755-00406981-00407646 I'll you know live with that criticism and you know, I welcome that criticism and it's not going to
1x_VIeMDyko-00756-00407816-00408217 You know like it's not going to destroy me it's not going to
1x_VIeMDyko-00757-00408314-00408514 knock me off my pedestal like
1x_VIeMDyko-00758-00408575-00409140 Better for me not to have a pedestal, you know better for me. You know, the important thing is the the
1x_VIeMDyko-00759-00409193-00409491 conversation is much more important than
1x_VIeMDyko-00760-00409606-00409992 you know then trying to like, you know, privilege my ideas and saying like I mean
1x_VIeMDyko-00761-00409992-00410532 This is the end of the conversation because it's not as just a continuing, you know iteration of the conversation
1x_VIeMDyko-00762-00410591-00410785 Does that make sense?
1x_VIeMDyko-00763-00410785-00410985 Okay. Thank you all for coming
1x_VIeMDyko-00764-00411985-00412185 You