At least 18 years of age 
No more than 20 wk of gestation 
Given Ante-natal Cards of the Ghana Health Service 
Completed the initial routine ante-natal examination at the clinics 
HIV negative or status unknown (as from the Ante-natal card) 
Free from chronic disease e.g. malignancy requiring frequent medical attention (as from the Ante-natal card) 
Residing in the Manya Krobo or Yilo Krobo district 
Prepared to sign an informed consent 
Living in the area throughout the duration of the study 
Acceptance of home visitors 

NCT00970866_inc_T1
Value
At least 18 years
NCT00970866_inc_T2
Person
age
NCT00970866_inc_T3
Value
No more than 20 wk
NCT00970866_inc_T4
Measurement
gestation
NCT00970866_inc_T5
Condition
gestation
NCT00970866_inc_T7
Condition
routine ante-natal examination
NCT00970866_inc_T8
Visit
clinics
NCT00970866_inc_T9
Condition
HIV
NCT00970866_inc_T10
Negation
negative
NCT00970866_inc_T11
Qualifier
status unknown
NCT00970866_inc_T12
Scope
negative or status unknown
NCT00970866_inc_T13
Condition
chronic disease
NCT00970866_inc_T14
Condition
malignancy
NCT00970866_inc_T15
Visit
Manya Krobo district
NCT00970866_inc_T16
Visit
Yilo Krobo district
NCT00970866_inc_T17
Observation
Residing
NCT00970866_inc_T18
Scope
Manya Krobo or Yilo Krobo district
NCT00970866_inc_T20
Observation
Living in the area
NCT00970866_inc_T21
Temporal
throughout the duration of the study
NCT00970866_inc_T22
Reference_point
the study