Finding the Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: The 4Kscore Is a Novel Blood Test That Can Accurately Identify the Risk of Aggressive XXXX .

@entity1 @entity263 @entity146 @entity5 @entity3 @entity27656 @entity7443
Better biomarkers that can discriminate between @entity146 and indolent phenotypes of @entity263 are urgently needed. In the first 20 years of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era, screening for @entity263 has successfully reduced @entity263 mortality, but has led to significant problems with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. As a result, many @entity1 are subjected to unnecessary prostate biopsies and overtreatment of indolent @entity5 in order to save one @entity1 from dying of @entity263 . A novel blood test known as the 4Kscore   Test (OPKO Lab, Nashville, @entity7443 ) incorporates a panel of four kallikrein protein biomarkers (total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and @entity1 @entity27656 ) and other clinical information in an algorithm that provides a percent risk for a high-grade (Gleason score >=  7) @entity5 on biopsy. In 10 peer-reviewed publications, the four kallikrein biomarkers and algorithm of the 4Kscore Test have been shown to improve the prediction not only of biopsy histopathology, but also surgical pathology and occurrence of @entity146 , @entity3 . Recently, a blinded prospective trial of the 4Kscore Test was conducted across the United States among 1012 @entity1 . The 4Kscore Test replicated previous European results showing accuracy in predicting biopsy outcome of Gleason score >=  7. In a recent case-control study nested within a population-based cohort from V  sterbotten, Sweden, the four kallikrein biomarkers of the 4Kscore Test also predicted the risk for @entity263 that metastasized within 20 years after the test was administered. These results indicate that @entity1 with an abnormal PSA or digital rectal examination result, and for whom an initial or repeat prostate biopsy is being considered, would benefit from a reflex 4Kscore Test to add important information to the clinical decision-making process. A high-risk 4Kscore Test result may be used to select @entity1 with a high probability of @entity263 who would benefit from a biopsy of the prostate to prevent an adverse and potentially lethal outcome from @entity263 . @entity1 with a low 4Kscore Test result may safely defer biopsy.
