Oxidative stress in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity5507 @entity409 @entity177 @entity3147 @entity1381 @entity209 @entity3562 @entity65 @entity68
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Oxidative stress has been described as 'a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. In @entity1381 @entity1 , an increase in oxidative stress may occur because of the @entity177 , and may be exacerbated by dialysis. This review will focus on the emerging biochemical evidence of an increase in oxidative stress in @entity1381 @entity1 , the relationship with renal replacement therapy, and the potential linkages to acute-phase @entity32 , @entity3147 , and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in @entity1381 @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: Many studies from multiple research laboratories around the world have recently utilized in-vivo biomarkers to describe increased oxidative stress in @entity1381 @entity1 . An emerging literature suggests that there are links between an increase in oxidative stress, @entity409 , an increase in acute-phase @entity32 , and an accelerated risk of @entity65 in dialysis @entity1 . Additional @entity5507 -associated @entity209 , including @entity3562 , intravenous @entity68 exposure, and biocompatibility changes related to dialysis, may contribute to an increase in oxidative stress. Finally, two well-conducted pilot clinical randomized trials have suggested that antioxidant therapy may have efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events in @entity1381 @entity1 . SUMMARY: The implications of the findings of a generalized increase in oxidative stress associated with @entity5507 have led to the suggestion that antioxidative therapy may be efficacious in reducing @entity65 . Pilot studies have suggested potential efficacy for this approach. However, further large-scale randomized clinical trials will be required to establish a compelling, evidence-based approach to the use of antioxidants in @entity1 with @entity5507 .
