[Minimal XXXX ( @entity4145 ) in @entity356 --an overview].

@entity1 @entity66 @entity5 @entity356 @entity4145
Despite recent developments in therapy for @entity356 , the prognosis of this disease remains poor in advanced stages. In many cases even curatively treated @entity1 without any @entity5 develop metachronous metastases. As in other solid @entity5 , adjuvant therapies can reduce the metastatic risk, which implies that some of these @entity1 harbour @entity5 cells or micrometastases (minimal @entity66 , @entity4145 ) that are undetectable by radiological imaging and conventional histopathology but can still be the cause of @entity5 recurrence. Therefore, reliable methods for diagnosing @entity4145 would be desirable for individually tailoring therapy for these @entity1 . Unfortunately, testing methods for @entity4145 and interpretation of their results are not standardised and studies published on this topic are difficult to interpret due to methodological differences and small sample sizes. As of now, testing for @entity4145 has not become relevant in clinical routine for any of the anatomic compartments lymph nodes, peritoneal lavage fluid, peripheral blood, and bone marrow in the Western hemisphere. Most reliable data on @entity4145 in @entity356 @entity1 have been reported for peritoneal lavage fluid. In some centres in Japan, this test is routinely being used for making therapeutic decisions, e. g., on the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. @entity4145 in resected lymph nodes will be further evaluated in the context of the sentinel lymph node concept and possibly be employed for designing individualised therapy for @entity1 in @entity66 stages who are not routinely candidates for multimodal treatment. As for @entity5 cells in peripheral blood and in bone marrow, studies suggest that these cells are only able to form metastases in the presence of certain molecular factors. Therefore, rather than simply confirming the existence of @entity5 cells in blood or bone marrow, future studies should concentrate on defining their molecular characteristics and the conditions required for their metastatic potential. This may gain relevance in diagnostics and prognostic evaluation of individual @entity1 as well as in the development of targeted therapies directly interfering with the metastatic process.
