Bowel habits and toilet training in rural and urban dwelling XXXX in a developing country.

@entity1 @entity1142
OBJECTIVES: To determine the bowel habits and toilet training of developmentally normal @entity1 ages 5 to 8 years in rural and urban areas of the province of Sindh, Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at households of rural (District Khairpur) and urban (Karachi) areas of Sindh, Pakistan, which enrolled 1000 @entity1 between 5 and 8 years of age, (half from rural and half from urban areas). A questionnaire regarding age, ethnicity, and sex was completed by two separate investigators from each setting. Recall information was elicited about bowel habits for the previous 2 weeks and the frequency and quality of stools, size of stools, and dietary habit for the previous 24 hours. A @entity1142 score that was based on modified Rome III criteria was developed for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Functional @entity1142 was reported 1.6 times more in the rural than the urban population (P < .001). Toilet training was initiated and completed earlier in the urban (18.6    6.8 and 46    12.5 months) than the rural @entity1 (28.6    6.1 and 56.5    6.7 months) (P < .001). The daily calorie, macronutrient, fiber, and water intake was higher in the urban population (P < .001). Functional @entity1142 was significantly (P = .016) negatively correlated (r = -0.076) with the fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS: Functional @entity1142 was found more frequently in the rural area. Toilet training was initiated and completed significantly earlier in the urban population.
