@entity44913 nanoparticles induced morphological changes, XXXX and oxidative stress in Chinook salmon (CHSE-214) cells.

@entity16773 @entity137 @entity2199 @entity2041 @entity44913 @entity224 @entity3392
@entity44913 nanoparticles ( @entity16773 NPs) are increasingly used in diverse applications that has raised concern about their safety. Recent studies suggested that @entity16773 NPs induced oxidative stress may be the cause of @entity137 in algae, Ceriodaphnia dubia, @entity2199 and @entity3392 . However, there is paucity on the @entity137 of @entity16773 NPs on fish cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate @entity16773 NPs induced @entity137 , oxidative stress and morphological abnormality of Chinnok salmon cells (CHSE-214). A dose-dependent decline in cell viability was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity16773 NPs. Oxidative stress induced by @entity16773 NPs in CHSE-214 cells has resulted in the significant reduction of @entity224 dismutase, catalase and @entity2041 in a dose-dependent manner. However, a significant increase in @entity2041 sulfo-transferase and lipid peroxidation was observed in CHSE-214 cells exposed to @entity16773 NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Significant morphological changes in CHSE-214 cells were observed when exposed to @entity16773 NPs at 6, 12 and 24   h. The cells started to detach and appear spherical at 6   h followed by loss of cellular contents resulting in the shrinking of the cells. At 24   h, the cells started to disintegrate and resulted in cell death. Our data demonstrate that @entity16773 NPs induce @entity137 and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner in CHSE-214 cells. Thus, our current work may serve as a base-line study for future evaluation of @entity137 studies using CHSE-214 cells.
