Physical training and XXXX in @entity235 lead to transcriptional changes in genes involved in the @entity413 -transport pathway in muscle and adipose tissues.

@entity1 @entity353 @entity28 @entity62719 @entity235 @entity70818 @entity70819 @entity20335 @entity4872 @entity70820 @entity413
@entity28 is a worldwide problem in @entity1 and domestic animals. Interventions, including a combination of dietary management and exercise, have proven to be effective for inducing @entity353 in @entity1 . In companion animals, the role of exercise in the management of @entity28 has received relatively little attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the transcriptome of key energy metabolism genes in muscle and adipose tissues in response to diet-induced @entity353 alone, or combined with exercise in @entity235 . Overweight pet @entity235 were enrolled on a @entity353 programme, based on calorie restriction and physical training (FD group, n   =   5) or calorie restriction alone (DO group, n   =   7). mRNA expression of 12 genes and six microRNAs were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In the FD group, @entity62719 and @entity4872 were expressed at lower levels in adipose tissue, whereas @entity70818 and @entity70819 were more highly expressed in muscle, when compared with the DO group. Comparing expression before and after the intervention, in the DO group, nine genes and three microRNAs showed significant altered expression in adipose tissue ( @entity20335 , @entity70820 and @entity62719 ; P   <   0.001) and seven genes and two microRNAs were significantly downregulated (NRF2, @entity4872 , @entity70818 , @entity70819 , PGC1a and mir-23; P   <   0.001) in muscle. Thus, calorie restriction causes regulation of several metabolic genes in both tissues. The mild exercise, incorporated into this study design, was sufficient to elicit transcriptional changes in adipose and muscle tissues, suggesting a positive effect on @entity413 metabolism. The study findings support inclusion of exercise in management of @entity235 @entity28 .
