Evidence that XXXX is produced in human skeletal muscle during prolonged running.

@entity650 @entity39 @entity5 @entity1356 @entity310 @entity1193
1. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines are produced in skeletal muscle in response to prolonged intense exercise. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected from runners before, immediately after, and 2 h after a marathon race. 2. The concentration of @entity650 protein in plasma increased from 1.5 +/- 0.7 to 94.4 +/- 12.6 pg ml-1 immediately post-exercise and to 22.1 +/- 3.8 pg ml-1 2 h post-exercise. @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) protein in plasma increased from 123 +/- 23 to 2795 +/- 551 pg ml-1, and increased further to 4119 +/- 527 pg ml-1 2 h post-exercise. 3. The comparative polymerase chain reaction technique was used to evaluate mRNA for @entity650 , @entity1193 , @entity1356 and @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 in skeletal muscle and blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) (n = 8). Before exercise, mRNA for @entity650 could not be detected either in muscle or in BMNC, and was only detectable in muscle biopsies (5 out of 8) after exercise. Increased amounts of mRNA for @entity1193 were found in two muscle biopsies and five BMNC samples, and increased amounts of @entity1356 mRNA were found in one muscle and four BMNC samples after exercise. @entity310 mRNA was not detected in any samples. 4. This study suggests that exercise-induced destruction of muscle fibres in skeletal muscles may trigger local production of @entity650 , which stimulates the production of @entity1193 from circulating BMNC.
