Animal models in XXXX research - where is the beef?

@entity1 @entity19 @entity840 @entity95 @entity281 @entity3392 @entity378 @entity291 @entity238
INTRODUCTION: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is a major global health problem, and new drugs and vaccines are urgently needed. As clinical trials in @entity1 require tremendous resources, preclinical drug and vaccine development largely relies on valid animal models that recapitulate the pathology of @entity1 disease and the immune responses of the host as closely as possible. Areas covered: This review describes the animal models used in @entity378 research, the most widely used being @entity19 , @entity840 and nonhuman primates. In addition, @entity95 and @entity291 provide models with a disease pathology resembling that of @entity1 . Invertebrate models, including the @entity238 and the Dictyostelium amoeba, have also been used to study @entity281 . Recently, the @entity3392 has emerged as a promising model for studying @entity281 . The @entity3392 model also facilitates the large-scale screening of drug and vaccine candidates. Expert opinion: Animal models are needed for @entity378 research and provide valuable information on the mechanisms of the disease and on ways of preventing it. However, the data obtained in animal studies need to be carefully interpreted and evaluated before making assumptions concerning @entity1 . With an increasing understanding of disease mechanisms, animal models can be further improved to best serve research goals.
