Membranous XXXX : a treatable form of congenital heart disease.

@entity1 @entity339 @entity1757 @entity475 @entity1498 @entity4794 @entity118 @entity340 @entity1167
The clinical data, echocardiographic findings, operative anatomy and postoperative follow-up were assessed in 14 @entity1 who had surgery for membranous @entity4794 between 1978 and 1985. The @entity1 ranged in age from 6 weeks to 13 years at the time of operation, and 8 of the 14 had associated mitral @entity340 . Other associated lesions included @entity1757 (n = 7), @entity1498 (n = 5), left superior vena cava (n = 6), @entity475 (n = 3) and @entity118 (n = 1). Twelve of the 14 @entity1 had successful removal of the supravalvular membrane, which was usually adherent to the valve, and 2 @entity1 with associated mitral @entity340 underwent mitral valve replacement. There were no operative deaths. Review of preoperative two-dimensional echocardiograms, which were available in 11 @entity1 , revealed two types of membranous @entity4794 in 10 @entity1 . In four of these @entity1 , the membrane was only evident after repeated stop action viewing from a single subcostal or parasternal location. The membrane was never seen in one @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 had follow-up in excess of 1 year, and there was one late death. Eight of the remaining 10 @entity1 are asymptomatic, and 7 have no clinical evidence of residual @entity339 . Failure to recognize membranous @entity4794 can result in undue delay of cardiac surgery with resultant @entity1167 . @entity1 with evidence of left ventricular inflow obstruction should have extensive echocardiographic evaluation in an effort to detect membranous @entity4794 , which may be amenable to surgical repair.
