Characterization of acute XXXX .

@entity131 @entity149 @entity458 @entity7125 @entity4681 @entity56 @entity74 @entity158 @entity4903
STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study of motor and sensory function and @entity458 in subjects with @entity131 . OBJECTIVES: To characterize @entity131 in terms of @entity4681 and @entity458 and to compare subjects with higher and lesser levels of @entity158 and disability. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Motor @entity4903 , sensory @entity56 , and @entity458 are present in chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ), but little is known of such factors in the acute stage of injury. As higher levels of @entity158 and disability in acute @entity74 are accepted as signs of poor outcome, further characterization of this group from those with lesser symptoms is important. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Motor function (cervical range of movement [ROM], joint position error [JPE]; activity of the superficial neck flexors [EMG] during a test of cranio-cervical flexion), quantitative sensory testing (pressure, thermal @entity158 thresholds, and responses to the brachial plexus provocation test), and @entity458 (GHQ-28, TAMPA, IES) were measured in 80 @entity7125 subjects ( @entity74 II or III) within 1 month of injury, as were 20 control subjects. RESULTS: Three subgroups were identified in the cohort using cluster analysis based on the Neck Disability Index: those with mild, moderate, or severe @entity158 and disability. All @entity7125 groups demonstrated decreased ROM and increased EMG compared with the controls (all P < 0.01). Only the moderate and severe groups demonstrated greater JPE and generalized @entity56 to all sensory tests (all P < 0.01). The three @entity7125 subgroups demonstrated evidence of @entity458 , although this was greater in the moderate and severe groups. Measures of @entity458 did not impact on between group differences in motor or sensory tests. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity7125 subjects with higher levels of @entity158 and disability were distinguished by sensory @entity56 to a variety of stimuli, suggestive of @entity149 occurring soon after injury. These responses occurred independently of @entity458 . These findings may be important for the differential diagnosis of @entity131 and could be one reason why those with higher initial @entity158 and disability demonstrate a poorer outcome.
