The complete @entity377 sequence of the XXXX ( @entity72423 ) chloroplast genome: insight into the earliest land plants.

@entity72425 @entity72427 @entity42721 @entity535 @entity377 @entity72426 @entity72424 @entity72428 @entity11611 @entity72423
It is generally believed that bryophytes are the earliest land plants. However, the phylogenetic relationships among bryophytes, including mosses, @entity42721 and @entity11611 , are not clearly resolved. To obtain more information on the earliest land plants, we determined the complete @entity377 sequence of the chloroplast genome from the @entity11611 @entity72423 . The circular double-stranded DNA of 161 162 bp is the largest genome ever reported among land plant chloroplasts. It contains 76 protein, 32 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes and 10 open reading frames (ORFs), which are identical with the chloroplast genome of the other green plants analyzed. The major difference is a larger inverted repeat than that of the @entity42721 @entity42721 , @entity72423 contains an excess of ndhB and @entity72424 genes and the 3' exon of @entity72425 . The genes @entity72426 and @entity72427 , commonly found in the chloroplast genomes of land plants, are pseudogenes. The intron of @entity72428 is the first finding in the known chloroplast genomes of land plants. A striking feature of the @entity11611 chloroplast is that more than half of the protein-coding genes have nonsense codons, which are converted into sense codons by RNA editing. Maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis, based on 11 518 @entity535 sites of 52 proteins encoded in the chloroplast genomes of the green plants, placed @entity42721 as the sister to all other land plants.
