The infrapatellar fat pad of XXXX with @entity571 has an inflammatory phenotype.

@entity1 @entity650 @entity16739 @entity455 @entity626 @entity571 @entity1254 @entity1386
OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) in hands and knees. Adipose tissue can secrete different adipokines with powerful immunomodulatory effects. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is an intra-articular organ in the vicinity of the synovium and cartilage. It is hypothesised that IFP-derived soluble factors could contribute to pathological processes in the knee joint. A study was therefore undertaken to compare the release of inflammatory mediators in the IFP and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and to characterise the adipocytes and immune cell infiltrate in these tissues. METHODS: Paired IFP and @entity1386 samples were obtained from 27 @entity1 with primary @entity571 . The @entity455 ( @entity455 ) was isolated and characterised by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Cytokine and adipokine release in fat- and adipocyte-conditioned media was measured by luminex. RESULTS: IFP secreted higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity16739 , @entity1254 and visfatin than @entity1386 . This could be due to differences in the phenotype of adipocytes and/or in the composition and phenotype of the @entity455 cells. IFP adipocyte-conditioned media showed a trend towards more @entity650 and @entity16739 than @entity1386 . Moreover, the @entity455 fraction of IFP contained more cells/g tissue, a lower percentage of T cells and a higher percentage of mast cells than @entity1386 . In addition, T cells had a predominantly pro-inflammatory phenotype while macrophages had a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotype in the IFP. CONCLUSION: There are profound differences in secreted inflammatory factors and immune cell composition between the IFP and @entity1386 . These data indicate that IFP-derived soluble mediators could contribute to pathophysiological processes in the @entity626 joint.
