Newborn XXXX ' cry after heel-prick: analysis with sound spectrogram.

@entity1 @entity158 @entity814
The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that a newborn @entity1 's cry can be used in conjunction with an instrument to measure @entity158 . Crying due to @entity158 was analysed after a heel-prick stimulus. In a prospective, descriptive study, 50 healthy newborn @entity1 were subjected to a heel-prick for @entity814 screening. Their cries of @entity158 were recorded and analysed. Duration of the crying sound was analysed and, using a sound spectrogram, the fundamental frequency and the cry melody of the first five cry sounds were analysed. The analysis showed that the crying sound after the painful stimulus of the heel-prick had a significantly higher fundamental frequency and lasted longer at the first than at the fifth cry. The first cry had a more varied crying melody than the fifth. There were large differences between individual cries from a single @entity1 , as well as in the duration of each cry, total crying time, and fundamental frequencies between @entity1 . While the first cry was more like a cry of @entity158 , the fifth cry more resembled crying for reasons other than @entity158 . The results suggest that newborn @entity1 react to @entity158 in a recognizable way. However, other stimuli may cause a similar reaction. Crying can therefore be used to measure @entity158 in newborn @entity1 only when the cause of crying is known.
