Molecular and clinical aspects of drug-induced XXXX .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity558 @entity82 @entity2345 @entity5 @entity12553 @entity205 @entity3174 @entity594 @entity12120 @entity8032 @entity12020
Drug-induced @entity8032 is a tissue-specific condition and is estimated to affect approximately one million North Americans. Lesions occur principally as side-effects from @entity3174 , @entity594 , or @entity205 therapy in approximately half of the @entity1 who take these agents. Due to new indications for these drugs, their use continues to grow. Here, we review the molecular and cellular characteristics of @entity1 @entity8032 and highlight how they differ considerably as a function of the causative drug. Analyses of molecular signaling pathways in cultured @entity1 gingival fibroblasts have provided evidence for their unique aspects compared with fibroblasts from the lung and kidney. These findings provide insights into both the basis for tissue specificity and into possible therapeutic opportunities which are reviewed here. Although @entity205 -induced @entity8032 exhibit principally the presence of @entity32 and little @entity82 , @entity594 - and especially @entity3174 -induced lesions are highly fibrotic. The increased expression of markers of gingival @entity82 , particularly @entity12020 [also known as @entity12020 ( @entity12020 )], markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and more recently periostin and members of the @entity12553 oxidase family of enzymes have been documented in @entity3174 or @entity594 lesions. Some oral @entity558 such as @entity12120 and @entity2345 , after subsequent additional genetic damage, can develop into @entity5 . Since many pathways are shared, the study of gingival @entity82 and comparisons with characteristics and molecular drivers of @entity5 would likely enhance understandings and functional roles of molecular drivers of these oral pathologies.
