XXXX in @entity245 .

@entity1 @entity1650 @entity245 @entity12952 @entity5545
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the extent of comorbid @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ) in a group of adults with @entity245 . An additional objective was to compare performance on auditory tasks to results from standardized tests of reading in an attempt to generate a clinically useful profile of developmental dyslexics with comorbid @entity1650 . DESIGN: A group of eleven @entity1 with @entity245 and 14 age- and intelligence-matched controls participated in the study. Behavioral audiograms, 226-Hz tympanograms, and word recognition scores were obtained binaurally from all subjects. Both groups were administered the frequency-pattern test (FPT) and duration-pattern test ( @entity12952 ) monaurally (30 items per ear) in both the left and right ear. Gap detection results were obtained in both groups (binaural presentation) using narrowband noise centered at 1 kHz in an adaptive two-alternative forced-choice (2-AFC) paradigm. The FPT, @entity12952 , and gap detection results were analyzed for interaural (where applicable), intergroup, and intragroup differences. Correlations between performance on the auditory tasks and the standardized tests of reading were examined. Additive logistic regression models were fit to the data to determine which auditory tests proved to be the best predictors of group membership. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity245 as a group performed significantly poorer than controls on both the FPT and @entity12952 . Furthermore, the group differences were significant in both monaural conditions. On the FPT and @entity12952 , five of the eleven @entity1 with @entity5545 performed below the widely used clinical criterion for @entity1650 of 70% correct in either ear. All five of these @entity1 performed below criterion on the FPT, whereas four of the five additionally performed below 70% on the @entity12952 . The data also were analyzed by fitting a series of stepwise logistic regression models, which indicated that gap detection did not significantly predict group membership, whereas the FPT and @entity12952 were significant predictors. The addition of the FPT score after the @entity12952 did not result in a significant change in the residual deviance. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of the @entity1 with @entity245 showed clinically significant diminished performance on the FPT and @entity12952 indicative of @entity1650 . These results indicate that the percentage of @entity1 with @entity245 and comorbid @entity1650 may be substantial enough to warrant serious clinical considerations.
