Gender differences in advanced XXXX : insights from the BEST study.

@entity1 @entity712 @entity714 @entity453 @entity955 @entity29393 @entity1063 @entity1002
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the influence of gender on baseline characteristics, response to treatment, and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and impaired @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). BACKGROUND: Under-representation of @entity1 in @entity712 clinical trials has limited our understanding of gender-related differences in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: The impact of gender was assessed in the Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST) which randomized 2,708 @entity1 with New York Heart Association class III/IV and @entity1002 < or =0.35 to @entity29393 versus placebo. @entity1 (n = 593) were compared with @entity1 (n = 2,115). Mean follow-up period was two years. RESULTS: Significant differences in baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were found. @entity1 were younger, more likely to be black, had a higher prevalence of nonischemic etiology, higher right and @entity1002 , higher heart rate, greater cardiothoracic ratio, higher prevalence of @entity714 , lower prevalence of @entity955 , and lower plasma @entity1063 level. Ischemic etiology and measures of severity of @entity712 were found to be predictors of prognosis in @entity1 and @entity1 . However, differences in the predictive values of various variables were noted; most notably, @entity453 and @entity1002 appear to be stronger predictors of prognosis in @entity1 . In the nonischemic @entity1 , @entity1 had a significantly better survival rate compared with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity712 @entity1 with impaired @entity1002 , significant gender differences are present, and the prognostic predictive values of some variables vary in magnitude between @entity1 and @entity1 . The survival advantage of @entity1 is confined to @entity1 with nonischemic etiology.
