Autophagy, not apoptosis, is essential for midgut cell death in XXXX .

@entity20342 @entity71986 @entity238 @entity71985
Most developmentally programmed cell death in metazoans is mediated by caspases. During @entity238 metamorphosis, obsolete tissues, including the midgut and salivary glands, are removed by programmed cell death [1]. The initiator @entity20342 @entity71985 and its activator @entity71986 are required for the death of salivary glands, but not for midgut removal [2, 3]. In addition to caspases, complete removal of salivary glands requires autophagy [4]. However, the contribution of autophagy to midgut cell death has not been explored. Examination of combined mutants of the main initiator and effector caspases revealed that the canonical apoptotic pathway is not required for midgut cell death. Further analyses revealed that the @entity20342 Decay is responsible for most of the @entity20342 activity in dying midguts, yet inhibition of this activity has no effect on midgut removal. By contrast, midgut degradation was severely delayed by inhibition of autophagy, and this occurred without a decrease in @entity20342 activity. Surprisingly, the combined inhibition of caspases and autophagy did not result in an additional delay in midgut removal. Together, our results indicate that autophagy, not caspases, is essential for midgut programmed cell death, providing the first in vivo evidence of @entity20342 -independent programmed cell death that requires autophagy despite the presence of high @entity20342 activity.
