Association of the transforming growth factor   1 promoter polymorphism, XXXX , with smoking status and survival in advanced @entity1149 .

@entity1 @entity5 @entity1149 @entity3 @entity12172
Transforming growth factor    (TGF-  ) signaling can inhibit @entity5 growth in developing @entity5 . However, it promotes @entity5 invasiveness and @entity3 in late-stage @entity5 . A number of TGF-   gene polymorphisms have been identified that can affect the survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In this study, we investigated the association of the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , with survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Japanese @entity1 who were treated for unresectable advanced @entity1149 between April 2003 and March 2008 at Kyoto University Hospital, were enrolled in this study. Analyses of genotype associations with survival outcomes were performed using statistical tests. The median survival of @entity1 with the TT genotype was shorter, although not significantly, than that of @entity1 with either the CT or CC genotype. Based on both univariable and multivariable analyses, the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , was not associated with prognosis. In @entity1 with a smoking status of <40 pack-years, the median survival was significantly shorter with the TT genotype than with the CT or CC genotype. Based on univariable analysis, stage IV @entity5 and the TT genotype had a significant prognostic effect on survival. Based on multivariable analysis, the TT genotype was a significantly independent prognostic factor for survival. There was no association between the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , and survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . In @entity1 with a smoking status of <40 pack-years, however, the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , was significantly associated with the prognosis of advanced @entity1149 , and the TT genotype was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival.
