Consumption of probiotics increases the effect of regulatory T cells in transfer XXXX .

@entity22671 @entity32 @entity19 @entity915 @entity1960 @entity14897
BACKGROUND: Probiotics may alter immune regulation. Recently, we showed that the probiotic bacteria @entity22671    influenced the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. The aim of the present work was to demonstrate if @entity22671    also affects the function of Tregs in vivo. METHODS: Development of @entity1960 after transfer of CD4+CD25- T cells and protection from @entity1960 by Tregs was studied in immunodeficient @entity915 @entity19 which were simultaneously tube-fed with @entity22671    or @entity14897 Ls-33 for 5 weeks. RESULTS: Probiotic-fed @entity915 @entity19 transplanted with low numbers of Tregs in addition to the disease-inducing T cells were completely protected from @entity1960 . This was in contrast to the control group, which showed intermediate levels of @entity32 . In addition, feeding with probiotics lowered serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in both colitic @entity19 and in @entity19 protected from @entity1960 by Tregs. Gene expression patterns of rectum samples of protected @entity19 that receive either one of the probiotics showed a closer resemblance to na  ve @entity915 @entity19 than did patterns of the control group. The mechanism of action of the probiotics appears to be an indirect effect by inducing a Treg-favorable environment rather than a direct effect on the Tregs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity22671    and @entity14897 Ls-33 feeding of @entity915 @entity19 increases the in vivo effect of Tregs, resulting in a gene expression pattern in the rectum resembling that of the na  ve @entity915 @entity19 .
