Smoking and XXXX : a comorbidity survey.

@entity1 @entity308 @entity4697 @entity146 @entity1239 @entity148 @entity74 @entity734
Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a positive correlation between smoking and @entity146 . To investigate the prevalence of cigarette smoking, 277 @entity146 outpatients with @entity148 or @entity308 (DSM-IV) answered a self-evaluation questionnaire about smoking behavior and were compared with a group of 68 control subjects. The diagnoses (N = 262) were: 30.2% (N = 79) major @entity308 , 23.3% (N = 61) @entity4697 , 15.6% (N = 41) @entity148 , 7.3% (N = 19) other @entity148 , and 23.7% (N = 62) @entity74 . Among them, 26.3% (N = 69) were smokers, 23.7% (N = 62) were former smokers and 50.0% (N = 131) were nonsmokers. The prevalence of @entity1239 @entity734 among the smokers was 59.0% (DSM-IV). The frequency of cigarette smoking did not show any significant difference among the five classes of diagnosis. The @entity148 @entity1 were the heaviest smokers (75.0%), with more unsuccessful attempts to stop smoking (89.0%). The frequency of former smokers was significantly higher among older subjects and nonsmokers were significantly younger (chi2 = 9.13, d.f. = 2, P = 0.01). Our data present some clinical implications suggesting that in our @entity146 outpatient sample with @entity148 , @entity308 and comorbidity ( @entity148 and @entity308 ), the frequency of cigarette smoking did not differ from the frequency found in the control group or in general population studies. Some specific features of our population (outpatients, @entity148 and @entity308 ) might be responsible for these results.
