Differentiating XXXX by alterations in large-scale brain networks.

@entity1 @entity162 @entity308
BACKGROUND: Misdiagnosing @entity162 can lead to very deleterious consequences of mistreatment. Although @entity308 may be similarly expressed in unipolar and @entity162 , changes in specific brain networks could be very distinct, being therefore informative markers for the differential diagnosis. We aimed to characterize specific alterations in candidate large-scale networks (frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular, and default mode) in symptomatic unipolar and @entity162 @entity1 using resting state fMRI, a cognitively low demanding paradigm ideal to investigate @entity1 . METHODS: Networks were selected after independent component analysis, compared across 40 @entity1 acutely depressed (20 unipolar, 20 @entity162 ), and 20 controls well-matched for age, gender, and education levels, and alterations were correlated to clinical parameters. RESULTS: Despite comparable symptoms, @entity1 groups were robustly differentiated by large-scale network alterations. Differences were driven in @entity162 @entity1 by increased functional connectivity in the frontoparietal network, a central executive and externally-oriented network. Conversely, unipolar @entity1 presented increased functional connectivity in the default mode network, an introspective and self-referential network, as much as reduced connectivity of the cingulo-opercular network to default mode regions, a network involved in detecting the need to switch between internally and externally oriented demands. These findings were mostly unaffected by current medication, comorbidity, and structural changes. Moreover, network alterations in unipolar @entity1 were significantly correlated to the number of @entity308 episodes. CONCLUSION: Unipolar and @entity162 groups displaying similar symptomatology could be clearly distinguished by characteristic changes in large-scale networks, encouraging further investigation of network fingerprints for clinical use. Hum Brain Mapp, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
