Polyphenol-rich extract of Pimenta dioica berries (Allspice) kills @entity0 cells by autophagy and delays growth of XXXX in athymic @entity19 .

@entity1 @entity137 @entity0 @entity5 @entity19 @entity3446 @entity3470 @entity1994 @entity33688
Bioactive compounds from edible plants have limited efficacy in treating advanced @entity5 , but they have potential to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in a combined treatment. An aqueous extract of berries of Pimenta dioica (Allspice) shows promise as one such candidate for combination therapy or chemoprevention. An aqueous extract of Allspice (AAE) was tested against @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity0 ) cells in vitro and in vivo. AAE reduced the viability and clonogenic growth of several types of @entity0 cells (IC50  <= 100  g/ml) with limited @entity137 in non-tumorigenic, quiescent cells (IC50 >200  g/ml). AAE induced @entity137 in @entity0 was inconsistent with apoptosis, but was associated with increased levels of autophagy markers @entity33688 and @entity33688 -positive puncta. Silencing the expression of autophagy related genes (ATGs) prevented AAE-induced cell death. Further, AAE caused inhibition of @entity1994 / @entity3470 signaling, and showed enhanced @entity137 when combined with @entity3446 , a chemotherapy drug and an inhibitor of @entity3470 signaling. Oral administration (gavage) of AAE into athymic @entity19 implanted with @entity5 inhibited @entity5 growth slightly but not significantly (mean decrease ~ 14%, p >=  0.20) if @entity19 were gavaged post- @entity5 implant. @entity5 growth showed a significant delay (38%) in @entity5 palpability and growth rate (time to reach @entity5 volume >=  1,000 mm3) when @entity19 were pre-dosed with AAE for two weeks. Analysis of @entity5 tissues showed increased levels of @entity33688 in AAE treated @entity5 , indicating elevated @entity5 cell death in vivo in treated @entity19 . These results demonstrate antitumor and chemo-preventive activity of AAE against @entity0 and potential for adjuvant to @entity3470 inhibition.
