Bladder Oxidative Stress in Sleep Apnea Contributes to Detrusor Instability and XXXX .

@entity1 @entity2308 @entity21203 @entity26 @entity27 @entity519 @entity1234 @entity35 @entity2183 @entity386
PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep @entity386 is associated with voiding symptoms in @entity1 and animals, and yet its effects on the urinary tract are poorly understood. We examined bladder structure and function, markers of oxidative damage and the redox survival pathway in a @entity35 model of @entity27 to identify changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To model @entity27 we used a @entity35 oxycycler system to create cyclical interruption in breathing @entity26 , thereby producing intermittent @entity519 . Male @entity35 were divided into an @entity27 , a sham treated and a control group of 8 each. After 8-week exposure to @entity27 we assessed daytime and nighttime @entity35 voiding behavior in metabolic cages. Cystometrograms were done and bladder tissue was processed for biochemical assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Increased urinary frequency and total urine output developed in @entity35 exposed to @entity27 . Cystometric changes included detrusor instability, bladder noncompliance and increased spontaneous contractions. These changes were associated with bladder oxidative stress characterized by significant increases in tissue levels of @entity1234 and advanced oxidation protein products. Obstructive sleep @entity386 activated cell survival signaling manifested by increased expression of @entity21203 and phosphorylated @entity2308 . Transmission electron microscopy revealed marked ultrastructural damage to subcellular elements. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent @entity519 in @entity27 causes oxidative stress with ultrastructural and functional changes in the bladder. Sleep @entity386 related @entity2183 /voiding symptoms could be the result of these direct changes. Untreated sleep @entity386 has significant health consequences. Identifying urinary oxidative stress products in @entity1 with @entity2183 may be useful as an economical noninvasive biomarker to identify undiagnosed @entity27 .
