Parents' preferences strongly influence their decisions to withhold prescribed opioids when faced with analgesic trade-off dilemmas for XXXX : A prospective observational study.

@entity1 @entity391 @entity390 @entity158
BACKGROUND: Despite parents' stated desire to treat @entity158 in their @entity1 , recent studies have critiqued their underuse of prescribed analgesics to treat @entity158 in their @entity1 after painful procedures. Parents' analgesic preferences, including their perceived importance of providing @entity158 relief or avoiding adverse drug effects may have important implications for their analgesic decisions, yet no studies have evaluated the influence of preferences on decisions to withhold prescribed opioids for @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: We prospectively explored how parents' preferences influenced decisions to withhold prescribed opioids when faced with hypothetical dilemmas and after hospital discharge. DESIGN: Prospective Observational Study Design: Phase 1 included hypothetical analgesic decisions and Phase 2, real analgesic decisions after hospital discharge. SETTING: Large tertiary care pediatric hospital in the Midwest of the United States. @entity1 : Five-hundred seven parents whose @entity1 underwent a painful surgical procedure requiring an opioid prescription were included. METHODS: At baseline, parents completed surveys assessing their @entity158 relief preference (i.e., their rated importance of @entity158 relief relative to adverse drug event avoidance), preferred treatment thresholds (i.e., @entity158 level at which they would give an opioid), adverse drug event understanding, and hypothetical trade-off decisions (i.e., scenarios presenting variable @entity158 and adverse drug event symptoms in a @entity1 ). After discharge, parents recorded all analgesics they gave their @entity1 as well as @entity158 scores at the time of administration. RESULTS: Higher preference to provide @entity158 relief (over avoid analgesic risk) lessened the likelihood that parents would withhold the prescribed opioid when adverse drug event symptoms were present together with high @entity158 scores in the hypothetical scenarios. Additionally, higher preferred treatment thresholds increased the likelihood of parents withholding opioids during their hypothetical decision-making as well as at home. The strong influence of these preferences weakened the effect of opioid ADE understanding on decisions to withhold opioids when ADEs (i.e., @entity390 / @entity391 or oversedation) were present together with high @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that preferences strongly influence and may interfere with parents' effective and safe analgesic decision-making when conflicting symptoms (i.e., high @entity158 and an ADE) are present. To improve effective analgesic use, there is a need to shape parents' preferences and improve their understanding of safe actions that will treat @entity158 when ADE symptoms are present.
