Mechanisms of @entity5638 resistance among clinical isolates of XXXX in Poland.

@entity1 @entity2379 @entity2380 @entity7408 @entity535 @entity18749 @entity4895 @entity5132 @entity364 @entity5626 @entity5074 @entity375 @entity7143 @entity8201 @entity5638 @entity2059
UNASSIGNED: @entity7408 is currently ranked as the second, most frequently isolated etiological factor of @entity1 @entity364 , next only to @entity5132 . In comparison to @entity5132 , @entity7408 shows lower susceptibility to @entity8201 , the most common agents used in treatment of @entity364 . Interestingly, the mechanisms of resistance to @entity5638 agents in @entity5132 have been much better investigated than those in @entity7408 . The aim of the presented study was to determine the mechanisms of resistance to @entity8201 in 81 @entity7408 clinical isolates from three different hospitals in Poland. The investigation carried out with Sensititre @entity375 One test revealed that 18 strains were resistant to @entity2380 , and 15 of them were cross-resistant to all other @entity8201 tested ( @entity5074 , @entity7143 and @entity2059 ). One isolate resistant to @entity2380 was cross-resistant to @entity5074 , and resistance to @entity5074 only was observed in six other isolates. All strains were found susceptible to @entity5626 and @entity2379 , and five were classified as resistant to @entity4895 . The sequence of ERG11 gene coding for @entity18749 14-a demethylase (the molecular target of @entity8201 ) of 41 isolates, including all strains resistant to @entity2380 and three resistant only to @entity5074 , was determined, and no @entity535 substitutions were found. Real-time PCR studies revealed that the resistant strains showed up-regulation of the CDR1 gene coding for the efflux pump. No up-regulation of the expression of CDR2 nor ERG11 genes was observed.
