[New aspects of XXXX pathology of the pituitary].

@entity1 @entity4545 @entity5 @entity1804 @entity4090 @entity2124 @entity876 @entity1544 @entity3546 @entity817 @entity977 @entity3 @entity976 @entity652 @entity7457
UNASSIGNED: @entity977 have to be studied in detail for structural characteristics, especially regarding the degree of granulation and immunohistochemical hormone expression, such as @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity4090 , @entity4545 (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and proliferation markers (e.g. Ki-67 and @entity876 ) for correlation to clinical data and assessment of the prognosis. If histological and immunostaining data do not correlate to the @entity1 data, explanations for the discrepancies must be found. All active adenoma types can also be present as inactive, so-called silent @entity652 showing the same features. An increased Ki-67 index (>   3   %), significant nuclear expression of protein @entity876 and mitoses are characteristic of atypical @entity652 . Up to now the biological relevance of these atypical @entity652 , especially their role as preneoplasms for @entity977 has not been fully elucidated. The only proof of a @entity977 is the existence of @entity3 . Extensive local invasion and a greatly increased Ki-67 index are not sufficient for this diagnosis. @entity976 have to be classified into adamantinomatous types (intrasellar and suprasellar) and papillary types (only suprasellar). Regressive changes are found in adamantinomatous types only. Strong regression may lead to difficulties in the differential diagnosis of @entity1804 with @entity1544 . Demonstration of nuclear expression of @entity3546 in these cases enables the diagnosis of @entity976 . @entity976 are characterized by @entity817 mutations that may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. All pituicytomas of the neurohypophysis, all spindle cell oncocytomas of the anterior pituitary and all granular cell @entity5 of the posterior pituitary express @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) and are thought to be variants of a common uniform spindle cell @entity977 .
