Hemodialysis-activated granulocytes at the site of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity1196 @entity9536
It is not known to what extent intravascular phenotypic alterations in adhesion molecule expression induced by hemodialysis influence the recruitment of granulocytes and their ability to up-regulate @entity9536 at the local site of @entity32 in the interstitium. We used a skin suction chamber technique to address this issue. Two skin blisters were raised on the forearm of eight hemodialysis @entity1 and eight healthy subjects, and blister exudate was collected (time 0). The two blisters were stimulated with buffer (intermediate @entity32 ) or autologous serum (intense @entity32 ). Then the @entity1 underwent cuprophane hemodialysis for 4 hours. Ten hours after start of dialysis, the exudate was aspirated from each chamber. Granulocyte count and surface expression of @entity9536 and @entity1196 were analyzed in samples from peripheral blood and blister exudate by flow cytometry. Granulocytes from healthy blood donors were incubated in blister fluid from @entity1 and healthy subjects to determine the local chemotactic activity in terms of @entity9536 up-regulation. The expression of @entity9536 increased fourfold and @entity1196 decreased simultaneously in @entity1 and healthy subjects when cells transmigrated to the unstimulated blister at time 0. At the site of intermediate @entity32 , granulocytes from @entity1 had a significantly lower capacity to mobilize @entity9536 compared with cells from healthy subjects (P < 0.001). At the site of intense @entity32 , granulocytes from @entity1 had the capacity to mobilize the receptor and reached values close to those obtained in healthy subjects (P = 0.079). The blister exudate from @entity1 had a similar (at time 0 and intermediate @entity32 ) or higher (intense @entity32 ; P < 0.05) capacity to up-regulate @entity9536 on granulocytes in vitro compared with blister exudate from healthy subjects. Granulocytes from hemodialysis @entity1 seem to require a more intense chemotactic stimulus to up-regulate @entity9536 at the local site of @entity32 in the interstitium compared with corresponding cells from healthy subjects despite the fact that cells transmigrate in a milieu that contains chemotactic factors with an equal or higher capacity to up-regulate @entity9536 . Granulocytes in hemodialysis @entity1 seem to be more refractory to inflammatory stimuli in the interstitium.
