Importance of Endogenous Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptides in XXXX Embryonic Vascular and Organ Development.

@entity14662 @entity2085 @entity548 @entity63 @entity19 @entity384 @entity13312 @entity24397 @entity4296 @entity71719 @entity99
UNASSIGNED: @entity14662 (ANP) and @entity24397 ( @entity24397 ) bind to the receptor guanylyl cyclase (GC)-A, leading to diuresis, natriuresis, and @entity384 . In addition, ANP and @entity24397 have various angiogenic properties in @entity63 tissue. When breeding @entity19 devoid of @entity71719 , we noted significant skewing of the Mendelian ratio in the offspring, suggesting @entity2085 due to knockout of @entity71719 . Consequently, we here investigated the roles of endogenous ANP and @entity24397 in @entity2085 and organ morphogenesis. Embryos resulting from @entity71719 (-/-) * @entity71719 (+/-) crosses developed @entity4296 ( @entity4296 ) beginning at embryonic day (E)14.5. All embryos with @entity4296 had the genotype @entity71719 (-/-). At E17.5, 33.3% (12 of 36) of @entity71719 (-/-) embryos had @entity4296 , and all @entity71719 (-/-) embryos with @entity4296 were dead. Beginning at E16.0, @entity4296 - @entity71719 (-/-) embryos demonstrated poorly developed superficial vascular vessels and sc @entity548 , the fetal side of the placenta appeared @entity63 , and vitelline vessels on the yolk sac were poorly developed. Furthermore, @entity4296 - @entity71719 (-/-) embryos also showed abnormal constriction of umbilical cord vascular vessels, few cardiac trabeculae and a thin compact zone, @entity99 , and poor bone development. Electron microscopy of E16.5 @entity4296 - @entity71719 (-/-) embryos revealed severe @entity13312 in endothelial cells, and the expected 3-layer structure of the smooth muscle wall of the umbilical artery was indistinct. These data demonstrate the importance of the endogenous ANP/ @entity24397 - @entity71719 system not only in the neovascularization of @entity63 tissues but also in embryonic vascular development and organ morphogenesis.
