Central venous blood XXXX saturation: an early, accurate measurement of volume during @entity548 .

@entity1 @entity548 @entity190 @entity235 @entity26 @entity591 @entity1230 @entity551
Accurate and relatively simple monitoring is essential in managing @entity1 with @entity1230 , and becomes particularly important when there is substantial occult @entity190 . @entity591 , said to occur following a 15% @entity190 , is generally regarded as the first reliable sign of @entity548 . However, heart rate is a nonspecific parameter which is affected by factors other than changing intravascular volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate available means of monitoring volume status and to identify the parameter which is the earliest and most reliable indication of @entity190 . Sixteen mongrel @entity235 were anesthetized and bled by increments of 3% of their total blood volume until the onset of sustained @entity551 or a 25% @entity190 . All @entity235 were monitored with a Swan-Ganz catheter and an arterial line. Vital signs, full hemodynamic parameters, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases were measured after each 3% @entity190 . Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that only Cardiac Index and Mixed Venous @entity26 Saturation showed linearity as function of measure @entity190 . Linear regression analysis generated r values that ranged from 0.85-0.99 with a mean of 0.95 for Mixed Venous @entity26 Saturation; r values for Cardiac Index ranged from 0.39-0.98 with a mean of 0.85. Furthermore, all @entity235 had increased tissue @entity26 extraction after 3-6% @entity190 . Because Central Venous Blood @entity26 Saturation mirrors Mixed Venous @entity26 Saturation and is easily and rapidly measured, we extended our study by repeating all of the previously measured parameters, with the addition of CVP blood gases in an unanesthetized animal model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
