Pathological features of betel quid-related @entity2543 in taiwan with special emphasis on the XXXX progression and @entity1082 association.

@entity5115 @entity588 @entity75 @entity5 @entity1373 @entity957 @entity3909 @entity189 @entity876 @entity2543 @entity1082 @entity1799 @entity1141
Betel quid (BQ) chewing has been a well-documented cause of @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ). Evolution from early @entity75 to the late or @entity3909 stage has been recognized. The pathobiological and molecular mechanism, however, remains to be elucidated. In this study, a total of 232 samples obtained from 153 cases of BQ-related @entity2543 were retrospectively evaluated for the expression of @entity876 and @entity588 in comparison with 26 cases of BQ-unrelated lesions (n = 29). The possible role of @entity1082 ) was also investigated. These BQ-related OELs included @entity1373 (VIH, n = 57, 24.6%), @entity5115 (n = 23, 9.9%), @entity189 ( @entity189 , n = 5, 2.1%) and @entity957 ( @entity957 , n = 106, 45.7%). Fifty-four cases (35.3%) had @entity75 . In comparison with the BQ-unrelated OELs, the characteristics of BQ-related OELs were a younger age, male predilection and multicentricity. In contrast to the tongue in BQ-unrelated OELs, the most common site for all types of BQ-related lesions was the buccal mucosa. Immunohistochemical studies of BQ-related lesions showed @entity876 staining in 30% of @entity1141 and 38% of @entity957 , but a consistent absence in VH and @entity189 . The cases with @entity876 -positive @entity957 had a higher recurrence rate than @entity876 -negative ones. @entity588 expression was negligible for all types of lesions. HPV-6/11 was detectable in 10% of @entity1141 and 13% of @entity957 , but in neither VH nor @entity189 . @entity1799 /18, however, was consistently negative for all types of lesions. Our data suggest that @entity876 , but not @entity588 , may play a role in @entity5 progression of BQ-related OELs, and that VH and @entity189 are distinct and closely related histological lesions. The consistent absence of the malignant-type HPV in all BQ-related lesions suggests that HPV plays an insignificant role in the tumorigenesis of BQ-related @entity5 , although a cooperative role may exist between the benign-type HPV and BQ chewing.
