Sex differences in substance use, health, and social functioning among opioid users receiving XXXX treatment: a multicenter cohort study.

@entity1 @entity146 @entity4784 @entity61130 @entity284
BACKGROUND: Despite the growing numbers of @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity4784 in Canada, sex-specific issues in treatment have not been re-examined in the current population of @entity1 with @entity4784 . We aimed to evaluate sex differences in substance use, health, and social functioning among @entity1 and @entity1 currently receiving @entity284 treatment for @entity4784 in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: We recruited 503 @entity1 with @entity4784 receiving @entity284 maintenance treatment. We collected data on demographics, treatment characteristics, @entity146 history, addiction severity, and drug use patterns through urinalysis. We performed adjusted univariate analyses and logistic regression to identify distinct factors affecting @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Among our sample of 54  % (n   =   266) @entity1 and 46  % @entity1 (n   =   226) with mean age 38.3  years, less than half of @entity1 were employed (35.6  %) and married (31.8  %) and had completed a high school education (27.9  %). Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 had frequent physical and psychological health problems, family history of @entity146 , and childcare responsibilities and began using opioids through a physician prescription. @entity1 had higher rates of employment, cigarette smoking, and @entity61130 use compared to @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results have revealed different patterns of substance use, health, and social functioning among @entity1 and @entity1 currently receiving @entity284 treatment for @entity4784 in Ontario, Canada. This information can be used to develop an integrative treatment regimen that caters to the individual needs of @entity1 and @entity1 , as well as to inform @entity284 treatment protocols to include specialized services (including vocational counseling, childcare and parenting assistance, medical assistance, relationship or domestic violence counseling, etc.) and increase their availability and accessibility on a larger scale.
