Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in XXXX of the upper urinary tract.

@entity1 @entity5 @entity189 @entity11090 @entity703
UNASSIGNED: Lymphadenectomy for @entity189 of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for @entity5 of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical template-based lymphadenectomy significantly improved @entity1 survival in @entity703 . This benefit was more evident for @entity1 with pT2 stage @entity5 or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy, which is likely to be associated with improved @entity1 survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy, but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for @entity1 with @entity11090 , even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.
