XXXX improves cognitive deficit via the @entity16173 / @entity4026 pathway in advanced glycation end product-induced @entity35 .

@entity16173 @entity66 @entity2414 @entity2041 @entity4026 @entity1234 @entity179 @entity195 @entity35 @entity9052 @entity224
BACKGROUND: @entity9052 , the root of @entity9052 (PG), is used widely as a herbal medicine to prevent and treat @entity66 . @entity9052 has pharmacological effects on @entity179 such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of PG and its possible neuroprotective mechanisms in advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced @entity195 in a @entity35 model. METHODS: Advanced glycation end products were injected bilaterally into the CA3 region of the @entity35 ' brains. The Morris water maze test and step-down type passive avoidance test were performed to evaluate their memory and cognitive abilities. The oxidation indexes in the hippocampus were detected. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to visualize the receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell ( @entity4026 ). RESULTS: Behavioral results showed that PG (1  g/kg, 0.5  g/kg, and 0.25  g/kg) significantly shortened the escape latency, remarkably increased the number of crossing times, significantly decreased the number of errors, and prolonged the latency in @entity35 with AGE-induced @entity195 . @entity9052 also significantly reduced the @entity1234 level, increased the @entity2041 content, and increased @entity224 dismutase activity in the hippocampus. @entity9052 significantly decreased the expression of @entity16173 and @entity4026 . The blockade of anti- @entity16173 antibody could significantly reduce AGE-induced impairments and regulate these expressions. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that PG significantly inhibits AGE-induced @entity2414 and attenuates Alzheimer-like pathophysiological changes. These neuroprotective effects of PG may be associated with the @entity16173 / @entity4026 pathway. Our results provided the experimental basis for applying PG in preventing and treating @entity195 .
