Combined hypoxemic and hypotensive insults altered physiological responses and neurofunction in a severity-dependent manner following penetrating @entity1545 in XXXX .

@entity1545 @entity131 @entity548 @entity73 @entity7405 @entity51 @entity519 @entity35 @entity1168
BACKGROUND: @entity131 often occurs with @entity519 ( @entity519 ) and @entity548 ( @entity548 ), leading to poor outcomes. This study characterized the acute physiology and subacute behavioral consequences of these additional insults in a model of penetrating @entity1545 (PBBI). METHODS: @entity35 were randomly assigned into sham control, @entity548 ( @entity548 ), 5% PBBI alone, 5% PBBI + @entity548 , 10% PBBI alone, and 10% PBBI + @entity548 groups. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate were monitored continuously. In the combined injury groups, animals were subjected to 30-minute @entity519 (Pao2, 30-40 mm Hg) and then 30-min @entity548 (mean arterial pressure, 40 mm Hg) followed by fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution after PBBI or sham PBBI. Motor function was assessed using the rotarod task at 7 days and 14 days after injury. Cognitive function was assessed in the Morris water maze task from 13 days to 17 days after injury. RESULTS: Combined @entity548 caused acute @entity1168 that was reversed by fluid resuscitation. During @entity519 phase, @entity7405 was observed in all @entity548 groups. Persistent bradypnea was detected in 10% PBBI + @entity548 group during the resuscitation phase. PBBI produced significant decrements in motor performance (vs. sham and @entity548 groups). Additional insults significantly worsened @entity51 following 5% PBBI but not 10% PBBI. Both 5% PBBI and 10% PBBI produced significant @entity73 in the Morris water maze task with worsened deficits evident following the more severe injury (i.e., 10% PBBI). Alternatively, @entity35 subjected to 5% PBBI + @entity548 exhibited @entity73 that was significantly worse compared with 5% PBBI alone, whereas this worsening effect was not detected in the 10% PBBI groups. CONCLUSION: This study characterized the physiological responses and neurobehavioral profiles following combined PBBI and @entity548 . Ten percent PBBI produces motor and @entity73 , which may exceed a sensitivity threshold capacity. In contrast, 5% PBBI produces a lower, albeit significant, magnitude of deficits and thus provides a more sensitive screen for evaluating the cumulative effects of additional insults, which were indeed demonstrated to significantly worsen outcome.
