Associations between the female athlete XXXX among high school runners.

@entity174 @entity79 @entity1277 @entity85 @entity2588 @entity130
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: During the 2013-14 school year, over 763,000 female athletes participated in interscholastic running sports in the United States. Recent studies have indicated associations between the female athlete triad (Triad) and stress @entity174 or other @entity85 in elite or collegiate female running populations. Little is known about these relationships in an adolescent interscholastic running population. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between Triad and risk of lower extremity @entity85 among adolescent runners. METHODS: Eighty-nine female athletes competing in interscholastic cross-country and track in southern California were followed, prospectively. The runners were monitored throughout their respective sport season for lower extremity @entity85 . Data collected included daily injury reports, @entity1277 Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) that assessed @entity1277 /behaviors, a questionnaire on menstrual history and demographic characteristics, a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan that measured whole-body @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and body composition (lean tissue and fat mass), and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS: Thirty-eight runners (42.7%) incurred at least one lower extremity @entity85 . In the @entity79 Z-score  <= -1 standard deviation (SD) adjusted model, low @entity79 relative to age ( @entity79 Z-score of  <= -1SD) was significantly associated (Odds Ratio [OR]=4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-13.3) with an increased occurrence of @entity85 during the interscholastic sport season. In the @entity79 Z-score  <= -2 SDs adjusted model, a history of oligo/ @entity2588 was significantly associated (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 1.2-13.5) with @entity85 occurrence. CONCLUSION: Oligo/ @entity2588 and low @entity79 were associated with @entity85 among the female interscholastic cross-country and track runners. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Regular, close monitoring of adolescent female runners during seasonal and off-season training may be warranted, so that potential problems can be recognized and addressed promptly in order to minimize the risk of @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.
