Antigen-Specific Mammary Inflammation Depends on the Production of @entity48143 and IFN-y by @entity291 XXXX + T Lymphocytes.

@entity32 @entity1267 @entity4515 @entity281 @entity1360 @entity56 @entity48143 @entity1271 @entity9214 @entity291 @entity12027
UNASSIGNED: Intramammary infusion of the antigen used to sensitize @entity291 by the systemic route induces a local @entity32 associated with neutrophil recruitment. We hypothesize that this form of delayed @entity56 , which may occur naturally during @entity281 or could be induced intentionally by vaccination, can impact the outcome of mammary gland @entity281 . We immunized @entity291 with @entity12027 to identify immunological correlates of antigen-specific mammary @entity32 . Intraluminal injection of @entity12027 induced a @entity1271 characterized by a prompt tissue reaction (increase in teat wall thickness) and an intense influx of leukocytes into milk of 10 responder @entity291 out of 14 immunized animals. The magnitude of the local inflammatory reaction, assessed through @entity1267 , correlated with antibody titers, skin thickness test, and production of @entity48143 and IFN-y in a whole-blood antigen stimulation assay (WBA). The production of these two cytokines significantly correlated with the magnitude of the @entity1267 following the @entity12027 intramammary challenge. The @entity48143 and IFN-y production in the WBA was dependent on the presence of @entity9214 + cells in blood samples. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with @entity12027 followed by stimulation with @entity4515 / @entity1360 allowed the identification by flow cytometry of @entity9214 + T cells producing either @entity48143 , IFN-y, or both cytokines. The results indicate that the antigen-specific WBA, and specifically @entity48143 and IFN-y production by circulating @entity9214 + cells, can be used as a predictor of mammary hypersensitivity to protein antigens. This prompts further studies aiming at determining how Th17 and/or Th1 lymphocytes modulate the immune response of the mammary gland to infection.
