Primary XXXX of the seminal vesicles.

@entity1 @entity189 @entity1442 @entity342 @entity10224 @entity420
PURPOSE: We provide an overview of @entity189 , a rare entity that is difficult to diagnose and traditionally has been associated with a poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search for @entity189 was performed, and current concepts related to the diagnosis and clinical management were reviewed. Two unpublished additional cases recently treated at our institution were added to the international experience. Special attention was given to new developments in diagnostic methods. Histopathological changes and biomarker criteria are provided to allow accurate diagnosis of this condition. RESULTS: Early diagnosis of @entity189 has often been difficult due to a lack of immunohistochemical markers that distinguish this entity from invasive @entity420 of adjacent organs. A total of 49 documented cases of @entity189 in @entity1 between 19 and 90 years old has been reported in the current literature. Two additional cases that were diagnosed and treated at our institution are incorporated into this review. Recently the tissue marker @entity10224 has substantially increased the accurate diagnosis of @entity189 . In addition, increased serum @entity10224 in @entity1 with this disease has been reported and serum levels correlate well with the clinical course of the disease. Radical surgery in combination with adjuvant radiotherapy or @entity342 deprivation has resulted in long-term palliation in some @entity1 with @entity1442 . CONCLUSIONS: Including @entity189 in the differential diagnosis of lower urinary tract symptoms will improve detection. Improved imaging tools and the availability of a serum marker will undoubtedly enhance detection at the earliest stages. More defined histopathological criteria will allow diagnosis even with small biopsy specimens. Radical surgery appears to offer the best chance for cure but hormonal manipulation and radiotherapy seem to be effective as adjuvant treatment modalities.
