Profile and determinants of treatment failure among smear-positive @entity1907 XXXX in Ebonyi, Southeastern Nigeria.

@entity1 @entity378 @entity1907
BACKGROUND: Early identification of determinants of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) treatment failure is urgently needed in resource-limited settings. This study describes the profile and determinants of @entity378 treatment failure in a high-incidence setting where @entity1 were managed at a @entity378 control program with significant resource limitations. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study carried out in one tertiary and one secondary hospital in Southeastern Nigeria. Cases were adult (   15years) @entity378 @entity1 with a positive sputum smear after 5months of treatment (treatment failure). Controls were adult @entity378 @entity1 whose sputum smear was positive at the beginning of the treatment but who were smear-negative in the last month of treatment and on at least one previous occasion (cured). Cases were compared with controls to assess determinants of treatment failure. RESULTS: Of the 1668 @entity378 @entity1 registered during the study period, 985 (59%) had smear-positive @entity1907 . Of these, 694 (70.5%) were aged    40years, 602 (61.1%) were males, 707 (71.8%) were rural residents, and 898 (91.2%) received care at the private facility. The prevalence of treatment failure was 2.5%. Significant determinants of treatment failure were: older age (>40years) (P<0.001), male gender (P=0.04), previous treatment for @entity378 (P=0.045), and positive sputum smears after two month of anti- @entity378 treatment (0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the treatment failure rate among smear-positive @entity378 @entity1 is low in Nigeria. Education and improved clinical and laboratory interventions for the identified at-risk groups may reduce @entity378 treatment failure in resource-limited settings.
