[ XXXX as rhinosurgical problem].

@entity1 @entity3976 @entity5 @entity33 @entity693 @entity5254 @entity547 @entity10
Cephalocele is a rare lesion mainly of congenital or traumatic origin. The lesion occurs as an extracranial @entity547 of dura mater that consists of cerebrospinal fluid only (meningocele) or cerebellar tissue ( @entity3976 ). Some cephaloceles concern anterior cranial fossa and then are observed as @entity547 or in paranasal sinuses. Three @entity1 are presented. In 52 year @entity1 , who was admitted due to idiopathic @entity5254 (persisting 16 years) with periodical @entity10 , the meningocele in right ethmoid sinus was diagnosed. The lesion was removed with the rhinosurgical approach and the defect in anterior cranial fossa was repaired with the free cartilaginous flap. 12 year @entity1 was admitted due to the nasal @entity5 diagnosed by CT and MRI. The lesion was removed with the combined access: firstly the @entity547 sac was cut intracranially with the frontal craniotomy and then @entity3976 was removed with lateral rhinotomy. Cranial fossa defect was repaired by the periosteum flap. In third case (8 year @entity1 ) @entity3976 caused 5 incidences of @entity693 . CT and MRI showed the lesion in frontal sinus. Encephalocele was removed with rhinosurgical approach and the defect in posterior frontal wall was repaired with free @entity33 . In all @entity1 long term result of operations was good. Anatomic and pathologic conditions that influence on the choice of rhinosurgical or combined access to nasal and sinusal encephaloceles are presented and discussed.
