The XXXX Lung Microbiome Changes During Lung Inflammation and Intranasal @entity2176 Treatment.

@entity32 @entity2176 @entity19 @entity358 @entity1030 @entity505
Most microbiome research related to @entity1030 has focused on the gut microbiome. This is despite advances in culture independent microbial identification techniques revealing that even healthy lungs possess a unique dynamic microbiome. This conceptual change raises the question; if @entity358 could be causally linked to local dysbiosis of the local lung microbiota. Here, we manipulate the @entity19 lung and gut microbiome, in order to show that the lung microbiota can be changed experimentally. We have used four different approaches: lung @entity32 by exposure to @entity505 nano-tube particles, oral probiotics and oral or intranasal exposure to the antibiotic @entity2176 . Bacterial DNA was extracted from broncho-alveolar and nasal lavage fluids, caecum samples and compared by DGGE. Our results show that: the lung microbiota is sex dependent and not just a reflection of the gut microbiota, and that induced @entity32 can change lung microbiota. This change is not transferred to offspring. Oral probiotics in adult @entity19 do not change lung microbiome detectible by DGGE. Nasal @entity2176 can change the lung microbiome preferentially, while oral exposure does not. These observations should be considered in future studies of the causal relationship between lung microbiota and @entity358 .
