Recurrent XXXX : importance, diagnosis, management and prevention.

@entity1 @entity28 @entity5 @entity1151 @entity1150 @entity358 @entity1576 @entity4096 @entity299 @entity2270 @entity715 @entity204
@entity1151 , even small, cause irreparable lung damage. Recurrent @entity1151 further increase the amount of non functional lung tissue and may result in incapacitating @entity1576 or @entity204 . It is therefore mandatory that the disease be correctly diagnosed and adequately treated. As prevention is better than cure, every @entity1 presenting with clinical signs of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) should be correctly explored. The site and size of @entity715 must be visualized preferably with contrast venography with imaging of the veins of the limbs, iliac veins and vena cava. Risk factors such as @entity28 , immobilization etc. must be taken into account. Underlying disease such as @entity299 and @entity4096 must be treated. Malignancy must be looked for as in a recent series of @entity1 with primary @entity1150 which were studied, 15% presented with an up till then unknown @entity5 . In @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity1150 this percentage rose to 20%. When a @entity1 presents with @entity1150 of the femoro-iliac vena cava @entity2270 , aggressive treatment must be adopted. Fibrinolysis or if this is contra-indicated, thrombectomy will be used. A vena cava filter may be necessary and longterm anticoagulation is mandatory. The same rationale is applicable in cases of @entity358 whether it is a primary event or a recurrence.
