The temporal course and clinical correlates of subjective XXXX as revealed through ecological momentary assessment.

@entity23 @entity162 @entity73
BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is frequently linked with @entity162 and is associated with @entity162 and negative outcomes. The temporal dynamics of subjective @entity23 are unclear, in particular whether @entity23 precedes or follows changes in positive or negative affect. METHODS: A total of 41 outpatients with @entity162 (I or II) were provided with mobile devices for 11 weeks and completed twice-daily surveys about affective states and subjective @entity23 . We examined the association between aggregate subjective @entity23 with baseline global cognitive function, suicide risk ratings, and medication adherence, as well as concurrent and lagged associations with momentary positive and negative affect ratings. RESULTS: A total of 2902 ratings were available across study subjects. Higher aggregate mean ratings of @entity23 were associated with @entity73 , prior suicide attempts, and self-reported problems with medication adherence, as well as more severe @entity162 (but not depressive) symptoms. Time-lagged models indicated that greater negative affect, but not positive affect, predicted subsequent increases in subjective @entity23 , which, in turn, predicted diminished positive affect. LIMITATIONS: Other measures of @entity23 with which to validate subjective ratings were unavailable and the sample was restricted to generally clinically stable outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective @entity23 as measured by daily monitoring was associated with worse cognitive function and self-rated medication adherence, and higher suicide risk ratings. Impulsivity may be a maladaptive strategy to regulate negative affect in @entity162 .
