Cardiovascular risk factor levels in a lower middle-class community in Ankara, XXXX .

@entity1 @entity101 @entity28 @entity233 @entity301 @entity2357
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of risk factors for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in a lower middle-class urban community of @entity233 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in an age- and sex-stratified random community sample with equal sample size per stratum. Direct age-standardization using the standard world population to allow international comparison of findings. @entity2357 modelling to identify risk factors for @entity28 . SETTING: G  lveren, a residential area in Ankara, total population 23,000 @entity1 . @entity1 : A total of 1672 adults aged 25-64 years and resident in the study community were interviewed, 1272 (76.1%) of those came for physical examination. MAIN RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of @entity101 according to WHO MONICA criteria was 18.6% (95% confidence interval: 16.1-21.1%) among @entity1 and 12.3% (9.7-14.9%) among @entity1 ; of @entity28 (body mass index, BMI > or =30 kg/m2) 51.0% (47.6-54.3%) among @entity1 and 15.1% (12.0-18.2%) among @entity1 ; of current smoking 20.1% (17.5-22.6%) among @entity1 and 64.8% (61.4-68.2%) among @entity1 ; of hypercholesterolaemia 20.1% (17.4-22.9%) among @entity1 and 13.8% (10.8-16.8%) among @entity1 ; and of low high density lipoprotein (HDL) 48.4% (44.8-52.1%) among @entity1 and 40.6% (36.0-45.2%) among @entity1 . In the regression model, age, female sex, non- and ex-smoking were associated with @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking, @entity28 and low HDL is high in this urban, lower middle-class population, even in comparison with industrialized countries. Unexpectedly, @entity1 have less favourable @entity301 risk profiles than @entity1 , except for smoking. Preventive action should be community-wide and address the common risk factors simultaneously to avoid replacement effects such as becoming @entity28 after quitting smoking.
