[ XXXX and anesthesia].

@entity1 @entity296 @entity64 @entity859 @entity1188 @entity583 @entity65
One of every four @entity1 in the Western industrialised nations has @entity65 . The perioperative setting in those @entity1 is associated with the risk of @entity296 (PMI) and @entity583 , and also with the risk of perioperative @entity64 and dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS). Perioperative @entity65 represents a major healthcare challenge. The relevance of PMI is well documented. It has been demonstrated in early trials that both @entity296 and @entity1188 are preventable in high-risk @entity1 undergoing surgery, and that therapeutic agents such as @entity859 -related agents, alpha 2-agonists, and other stress modulators can be safely administered to these @entity1 . Regarding perioperative @entity64 , approximately 3 to 7% of @entity1 undergoing @entity64 , with an additional 30% or more suffering in-hospital CNS dysfunction, and 10% suffering moderately severe long-term CNS dysfunction. Few data are available for noncardiac surgery. The number of outcome studies addressing prophylactic or therapeutic options in these @entity1 is quite limited. In fact, only one recent study has established that perioperative @entity64 is preventable with the use of an @entity859 -regulating agent. Thus, it appears that it may be possible to prevent @entity64 , even though these results require confirmation. Because of the aging of our population, and the medical, financial and social impact of @entity65 , the development of anti-ischaemic therapy, particularly in the surgical @entity1 , will be a critical area of medical research for the next several decades.
