Developmental effects and genotoxicity of 10 water disinfection by-products in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity137 @entity3392 @entity600
UNASSIGNED: Disinfection by-products are contaminants produced during drinking water disinfection. Several DBPs have been implicated in a variety of toxic effects, mainly carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. Moreover, DBPs exposure has also been associated with an increased risk of developmental effects. In this study, the developmental @entity137 and genotoxicity of 10 DBPs (four trihalomethanes [THMs], five haloacetic acids [HAAs] and sodium bromate) in the @entity3392 embryo model were evaluated. Embryos exposed for 72 hours were observed for different endpoints such as growth, hatching success, @entity600 and lethality. THMs exposure resulted in adverse developmental effects and a significant reduced tail length. Two HAAs, tribromoacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid, along with sodium bromate were found to cause a significant increase in @entity600 rate. Chloroform, chlorodibromomethane and sodium bromate produced a weak induction of DNA damage to whole embryos. However, developmental effects occurred at a range of concentrations (20-100  g/mL) several orders of magnitude above the levels that can be attained in fetal blood in @entity1 exposed to chlorinated water. In conclusion, the teratogenic and genotoxic activity observed by some DBPs in @entity3392 reinforce the view that there is a weak capacity of disinfection products to cause developmental effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.
