Painful discrimination: the differential use of XXXX in isolated lower limb injuries.

@entity1 @entity174 @entity341 @entity1337 @entity6559 @entity1230 @entity158 @entity130
Our primary objective was to compare use of @entity1337 for @entity1 with and without @entity174 as a result of isolated lower extremity @entity130 , in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Our secondary objective was to compare the analgesic practices of emergency physicians (EPs) with that of physician assistants ( @entity6559 ). We performed a prospective, blinded cohort study with the presence of @entity174 as the risk factor and provision of any @entity158 medication while in the @entity341 as the primary outcome. Included in the study were all @entity1 who presented to a 90,000 visit suburban teaching hospital with an isolated @entity130 who received a radiograph of the foot or ankle over a 9-week period. We excluded @entity1 without @entity130 , with @entity1230 , admitted, or seen by one of the investigators. @entity1 admitted and those with @entity1230 were excluded because these @entity1 had contacts with multiple physicians and it is unlikely they would be able to differentiate which physician prescribed medication and if they were emergency personnel. We defined @entity1337 as any @entity158 medication at any dose. One investigator preformed follow-up interviews using a standardized questionnaire 3 days after the visit. @entity1 expressed their recollection of their degree of @entity158 using a verbal analog scale of 1 to 10. We report crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). Of 516 consecutive @entity1 , 111 met exclusion criteria and 3 had incomplete data. Of the remaining 405, we contacted 384 (95%) in an average of 3 +/- 1 days. @entity1 with and without @entity174 recalled their initial degree of @entity158 similarly, with the mean initial @entity158 scores on the verbal analog scale of 6.6 +/- 2.5 versus 6.8 +/- 2.1 respectively. @entity1 with a @entity174 were more likely to @entity158 medication while in the @entity341 (23% v 15% P =.047, OR 1.75 (CI 95% 1.02, 2.99). EPs gave some form of @entity341 @entity1337 to 29% of @entity1 , as compared with 10% of @entity1 seen by @entity6559 (OR = 3.58 CI 95% 2.05, 6.24). EPs provided a prescription to 44% of @entity1 versus 21% of @entity1 seen by @entity6559 (OR = 2.91 CI 95% 1.85, 4.57). Our estimated adjusted ORs for providing @entity1337 in the @entity341 were: @entity174 = 2.0 (CI 95% 1.13, 3.58); EP: 3.52 (CI 95% 1.98, 2.99); and for every additional point on the verbal @entity158 scale: 1.28 (CI 95% 1.11, 1.48). @entity1 with @entity174 were more likely to @entity158 , despite reporting identical degree of @entity158 . EPs were more likely to provide @entity1337 than @entity6559 .
