@entity367 decarboxylase and islet cell antibodies in healthy Estonian XXXX .

@entity1 @entity66 @entity6 @entity6455 @entity367
The prevalence of antibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of @entity367 decarboxylase (GADA) was compared with that of islet cell antibodies ( @entity6455 ) in 614 non- @entity6 Estonian @entity1 (314 males) aged 3-18 years representing the general population. GADA were analyzed with a radioligand assay, and @entity6455 with a standard immunofluorescence method with a detection limit of 2.5 @entity6 Foundation (JDF) units. Fourteen subjects (2.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.5%) tested positive for GADA (median level 10.8 relative units [RU], range 7.7-154.2 RU), while 10 (1.6%, CI 0.6-2.6%) had @entity6455 (median levels 34 JDF units, range 3-97 JDF units). Five subjects (0.8%, CI 0.1-1.5%; p = 0.03 vs GADA and 0.15 vs @entity6455 ) were double positive. The individual with the second highest GADA level (129.3 RU) and the highest @entity6455 level (97 JDF units) presented with type 1 @entity6 4 months later. A follow-up sample was obtained approximately 3-4 years after the first sampling in 14 subjects initially positive for @entity6455 and/or GADA. Four of the nine initially @entity6455 -positive @entity1 remained positive, but their levels decreased from a median of 42 to 18 JDF units (p = 0.06). Only two of the nine retested subjects initially positive for GADA remained positive in the second sample. These observations suggest that the prevalence of GADA in non- @entity6 @entity1 is of the same magnitude as that of @entity6455 . Combined positivity for both GADA and @entity6455 is less prevalent than single antibody specificities, indicating that double autoantibody positivity may have a higher predictive value for future type 1 @entity6 in the general population than either antibody separately. The evanescent character of @entity6 -associated autoantibodies in a proportion of the unaffected @entity1 implies that more subjects may experience self-restricted beta-cell damage than the number progressing to @entity66 .
