A chronic XXXX model by coronary artery ligation in the @entity1237 .

@entity712 @entity742 @entity1347 @entity910 @entity1188 @entity299 @entity1237
The availability of a reliable @entity712 model in large animals is important. We report upon our efforts to develop a chronic @entity712 model in seven @entity1237 using sequential ligation of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) coronary artery and its diagonal branch. After anesthesia and left thoracotomy, the @entity1347 artery was ligated, and the diagonal vessel at the same level was ligated one hour later. Cardiac measurements were performed with a thermodilution catheter and by ultrasonography. Two months after the operation, the same measurements were made and animals were sacrificed for postmortem examinations of their hearts. Hemodynamic measurements, except cardiac output, showed no significant changes immediately after the coronary artery ligation. Echocardiographic measurements showed significant changes in the ejection fraction and fractional shortening without changes in left ventricular dimensions. Wall motion analyses demonstrated variable degrees of anteroseptal @entity910 and @entity910 in all animals immediately after coronary artery ligation. Five animals have undergone hemodynamic and ultrasonographic studies 2 months after coronary artery ligation. The results obtained from these animals showed significant increases in central venous pressure, right ventricular pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure, and a significant decrease in cardiac output. Increases in left ventricular dimensions and decreases in ejection fraction with fractional shortening in ultrasonographic studies were also observed. Pathologically, well-demarcated thin-walled anteroseptal @entity1188 , with chamber enlargement, were clearly seen with dilatation of the @entity299 in all specimens. Based on this study, we conclude that @entity1237 , like @entity742 , can provide a reliable model of chronic @entity712 by coronary artery ligation and in view of the many advantages offered by @entity1237 , we believe that this animal model will be useful for cardiac experimentation.
