Induction of @entity15614 in transgenic @entity238 : biomarker of exposure against XXXX group of chemicals.

@entity15614 @entity72549 @entity27046 @entity72550 @entity238
The expression of stress genes is suggested to be a potentially sensitive indicator of any chemical or physical assault. This led us to explore the possibility of using expression of one of the major stress genes, @entity15614 , in @entity238 as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, which may accordingly provide an early indication of exposure to these hazardous chemicals. We exposed third instar larvae of transgenic @entity238 ( @entity15614 -lacZ) @entity72549 to different concentrations of the test chemicals (Captan, @entity72550 and Folpet) for various time intervals (2-48 h) to evaluate expression of @entity15614 by X-gal staining, ONPG assay and whole organ in situ immunohistochemistry. The study was further extended to examine the effect of the said chemicals on development of the organism and tissue damage occurring in them, thus raising the possibility of evaluating comparative deleterious effect inducing potential of the test chemicals. Our results showed a strong @entity15614 expression in the @entity72550 -exposed larvae followed by weaker expression in Captan- and Folpet-treated larvae. The effect was further reflected on development as revealed by a delay in emergence of the flies by 3 days in 200 ppm @entity72550 -exposed group. @entity15614 was found not to be induced at 0.0002 ppm @entity72550 and at 0.002 ppm Captan and Folpet. The present study suggests that (a). @entity15614 induction is sensitive enough to be used as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, (b). amongst the three test chemicals, @entity72550 is the most deleterious compound followed by Captan and Folpet, (c). 0.0002 ppm for @entity72550 and 0.002 ppm for Captan and Folpet, respectively, can be regarded as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).
