XXXX : risk factors and outcome.

@entity1 @entity281 @entity67 @entity428
External ventricular drainage (EVD) is frequently used in neurosurgery to drain cerebrospinal fluid in @entity1 with @entity428 . We performed a retrospective single center study in order to evaluate the incidence of @entity67 and to identify underlying risk factors. 246 EVDs were placed in 218 @entity1 over a 30-month period. EVD was continued in median for 7 days (range 1-44). The cumulative incidence of @entity67 was 8.3% (95% CI, 5.3-12.7) with a device-associated @entity281 rate of 10.4 per 1000 drainage days (95% CI, 6.2-16.5). The pathogens most commonly identified were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (62%) followed by Enterococcus spp. (19%). @entity1 with an EVD-related @entity281 had a significantly longer ICU (11 versus 21 days, P < 0.01) and hospital stay (20 versus 28.5 days, P < 0.01) than @entity1 without. Median total duration of external drainage was twice as long in @entity1 with EVD-related @entity281 (6 versus 12 days, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the duration between first EVD placement and the occurrence of EVD-related @entity281 and EVD removal in @entity1 without EVD-related @entity281 (6 versus 7 days, P = 0.87), respectively. Interestingly no risk factor for EVD-related @entity281 could be identified in our cohort of @entity1 .
