Effects of treatment on @entity65 among smokeless XXXX users.

@entity286 @entity1674 @entity1239 @entity65 @entity165
BACKGROUND: Studies show sustained levels of @entity1239 among young males using smokeless @entity286 , causing concern for subsequent @entity65 . Also, there is little information on effects of @entity1239 replacement on @entity65 in cessation programs. This study investigates the effects of @entity1239 gum replacement in smokeless @entity286 cessation on @entity65 factors. METHODS: Smokeless @entity286 users, ages 18-65, were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to 2-mg @entity1239 or placebo gum. At baseline, Week 4, and Week 8, dependent measurements, heart rate, blood pressure, and weight were recorded, and fasting lipoprotein profiles were drawn. RESULTS: This paper focuses on the smokeless @entity286 users who refrained from use during the study period (N = 56). The @entity1239 gum group weighed less (P = 0.033) than the placebo group throughout the study and weight increased at a significant rate between Weeks 4 and 8 for both groups as gum decreased. @entity1674 were higher for the @entity1239 gum group than the placebo group (P = 0.031), with @entity1674 decreasing between Weeks 4 and 8, with a similar effect seen among nonabstinent smokeless @entity286 users. There was no dose, time, or dose by time effect for the other dependent measures. CONCLUSIONS: Among smokeless @entity286 users who were abstinent, weight increased, with subjects on @entity1239 gum weighing less throughout the study. The lipoprotein profile, heart rate, and blood pressure did not improve over time, contrary to smokers in whom HDL increases and heart rate decreases with cessation. This could relate to different routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, or by-products of @entity286 smoking being absent in smokeless @entity286 . In addition, @entity1239 gum appeared to have neither an adverse nor a positive effect on heart rate, blood pressure, LDL, HDL, or total @entity165 .
