Effects of cultivation conditions on the uptake of @entity4250 and XXXX chemical species accumulated by Pteris vittata in hydroponics.

@entity4250 @entity3494 @entity9491
The physiological responses of the @entity3494 -hyperaccumulator, Pteris vittata, such as @entity3494 uptake and chemical transformation in the fern, have been investigated. However, a few questions remain regarding @entity3494 treatment in hydroponics. Incubation conditions such as aeration, @entity3494 concentration, and incubation period might affect those responses of P. vittata in hydroponics. @entity4250 uptake was low under anaerobic conditions, as previously reported. However, in an @entity4250 uptake experiment, phosphorous (P) starvation-dependent uptake of @entity9491 was observed under aerobic conditions. Time course-dependent analysis of @entity4250 oxidation showed that @entity4250 was gradually oxidized to @entity9491 during incubation. @entity4250 oxidation was not observed in any of the control conditions, such as exposure to a nutrient solution or to culture medium only, or with the use of dried root; @entity4250 oxidation was only observed when live root was used. This result suggests that sufficient aeration allows the rhizosphere system to oxidize @entity4250 and enables the fern to efficiently take up @entity4250 as @entity9491 . X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses showed that long-duration exposure to @entity3494 using a hydroponic system led to the accumulation of @entity9491 as the dominant species in the root tips, but not in the whole roots, partly because up-regulation of @entity9491 uptake by P starvation of the fern was caused and retained by long-time incubation. Analysis of concentration-dependent @entity9491 uptake by P. vittata showed that the uptake switched from a high-affinity transport system to a low-affinity system at high @entity9491 concentrations, which partially explains the increased @entity9491 abundance in the whole root.
