[Exercise increases muscle strength and probably prevents XXXX ].

@entity1 @entity173 @entity174
No hypothesis-testing studies (blinded, randomized, controlled, prospective) with @entity174 as endpoint have been published so far. Instead we have to rely on observational cohort and case-control studies, from which available data imply that physical activity reduces the risk of @entity173 in @entity1 and perhaps also in @entity1 . This could be the case, but repeated sampling bias could present the same outcome. Whether or not exercise reduces the number of @entity174 and other @entity174 is less often evaluated. @entity174 rate seems not to be reduced with cessation of exercise. The evidence that exercise modifies the risk of falling is compelling. Exercise is associated with improved muscle strength, coordination and balance. Exercise increases muscle strength even in octogenarians by 20-200 per cent, but these benefits are lost if activity is reduced. Exercise reduces the risk of falling and perhaps also the number of falls. Whether or not the number of injurious falls is reduced by exercise is even more hotly debated.
