The influence of surface morphology and wettability on the inflammatory response against XXXX : a semi-quantitative study with monoclonal antibodies.

@entity35 @entity736 @entity15274 @entity7049
In this study, the influence of surface morphology and wettability of both degradable and nondegradable polymer films on the inflammatory response after subcutaneous implantation in the @entity35 was investigated. Degradable non-porous, porous, and "combi" (porous with a nonporous layer on one side) @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) films and nondegradable @entity736 ( @entity736 ) and (porous) expanded @entity736 (e- @entity736 ) were used. Contact angles measurements indicate that @entity15274 is more hydrophillic than @entity736 . Assessment of the inflammatory response was performed after various periods of implantation (up till 180 days), with both conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The inflammatory response observed initially can largely be considered as part of the wound healing reaction, and up till day 40 the inflammatory response against @entity15274 was minimally more intense than against @entity736 (porous as well as nonporous). From day 40 on, the @entity15274 films provoke a more intense inflammatory response as compared to the @entity736 films. Both porous @entity15274 and the porous side of the "combi" @entity15274 film provoke a more intense inflammatory response than nonporous @entity15274 and the nonporous side of the "combi" @entity15274 film, respectively. In general, @entity736 and e- @entity736 films provoke an inflammatory response which is minimally more intense than the one provoked by the sham operation. Almost no ingrowth of tissue was observed in the porous e- @entity736 films. In contrast, there was abundant tissue ingrowth in and an inflammatory response against porous @entity15274 . It can be concluded that biodegradable @entity15274 films provoke a more intense inflammatory response than nondegradable @entity736 films. Also, porosity enhances the inflammatory response. However, porosity enhances the inflammatory response only when the wettability of a biomaterial permits cellular ingrowth.
