Levels of @entity5979 and XXXX in @entity1 and environmental samples in malarious areas of Mexico.

@entity1 @entity318 @entity311 @entity5980 @entity70901 @entity316 @entity5979
Mexico used @entity5979 ( @entity318 ) to control @entity311 until 1999, when it was replaced with @entity316 for mosquito control. Thus, we performed environmental and exposure assessments to @entity318 and @entity316 in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. In Chiapas, samples were obtained at the time when @entity318 was being used in the @entity311 control program, while in Oaxaca, samples were collected 2 years after the final spraying of @entity318 and 2 days after @entity316 application. Mean concentrations of @entity318 and @entity5980 ( @entity5980 ), as measured in whole blood, were 67.8 and 86.7 microg/L for @entity1 living in Chiapas and 27.1 and 60.8 microg/L for adults, respectively. As expected, @entity318 levels were lower 2 years after the final application in Oaxaca (20.4 and 13.2 microg/L for @entity1 and adults, respectively). Sprayers in Chiapas had the highest levels of exposure, with 165.5 and 188.4 microg/L of @entity318 and @entity5980 , respectively. @entity1 living in Chiapas and Oaxaca also had significantly higher blood levels of @entity318 and @entity5980 than those @entity1 living in areas where less @entity318 had been used. @entity316 exposure was assessed only in @entity1 living in Oaxaca; 50% of the exposed group had urinary levels of @entity70901 above the limit of detection (LOD) and 6% had levels above 25 microg/L (five times the LOD), with a negative trend with age (r=-0.33). In Chiapas we found higher @entity318 and @entity5980 levels in soil than in Oaxaca. In the latter location, large amounts of @entity318 and @entity5980 were found in sediment samples and @entity316 was detected in indoor soil samples. Considering the environmental data, the blood level results can be explained by soil/dust ingestion, @entity1 milk ingestion, and consumption of fish and other contaminated foods.
