Applying XXXX in Pomacea lineata (SPIX 1824) (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) as a measure of herbicide @entity137 .

@entity6453 @entity579 @entity137 @entity1017
Pomacea lineata, an extremely ubiquitous snail and pest to @entity579 farmers throughout Asia, holds promise as a valuable resource for monitoring water quality in northeast Brazil. In this paper, we present data demonstrating the rate of @entity1017 in P. lineata neonates as a consistent measure of the stress imposed by sublethal concentrations of the herbicides @entity6453 and Round-up. Our secondary agenda is to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating bioassay into the standard municipal and state procedure of monitoring water quality. Growth data to assess chronic @entity137 were generated in experiments of four and four, eight, twelve and sixteen days for @entity6453 and Round-up, respectively. We estimated a 96 h no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for @entity6453 of 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L. The 96 h Round-up data yielded NOEC and LOEC values, respectively, of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. All concentrations of Round-up tested for the 192 h exposure yielded significantly lower growth than the control. Consequently, no NOEC could be derived. The LOEC was < 0.12 mg/L. Furthermore, there was no mortality during the test. At the lowest concentrations of @entity6453 tested (0.005 mg/L) there was a significant increase in growth compared with the controls, suggesting a hormetic effect.
