Morphology of treatment-related changes in the prostate and XXXX .

@entity1069 @entity263 @entity3145 @entity5 @entity1067 @entity189 @entity342 @entity4623 @entity5436
Nonsurgical therapeutic options for @entity4623 are divided into @entity342 action-related, with @entity342 action inhibition (AAI), or @entity342 action-unrelated strategies, such as radiotherapy (RT). AAI, achieved by numerous medications with antiandrogen activity, is used for @entity1067 and @entity189 . Treatment mostly affects secretory epithelial cells, with consequent reduction in prostate volume and diminished amount of @entity5 . Histologically, AAI changes the morphologic appearance of benign prostatic glands, @entity5436 , and @entity5 , as well as @entity1069 . The effects of most AAI drugs are similar, although variable in intensity. Expression of some diagnostic immunohistochemical markers can decline after longtime treatment, requiring careful interpretation of staining results. Patterns of @entity3145 after RT for @entity263 differ from those after AAI. While irradiation has a profound effect on benign prostatic glands, it does not affect immunohistochemistry, which retains its diagnostic value. In order to make a reliable diagnosis in needle biopsies of treated @entity263 , uropathologists should have all the relevant information on treatment modalities and their duration. As treatment affects the morphology of @entity263 , Gleason grading is unreliable and therefore not recommended. An overview of treatment effects caused by AAI and RT is herein presented, with discussion on their importance in everyday practice.
