Drug-induced XXXX and their management.

@entity1 @entity4444 @entity2847 @entity308 @entity162 @entity146 @entity167 @entity935 @entity12781 @entity914 @entity889 @entity161 @entity716 @entity1155 @entity933 @entity288
@entity146 induced by drugs are of most concern when they occur in the context of therapeutic use of a drug. Such iatrogenic @entity146 may interfere considerably with the treatment of the primary illness and may cause concern to @entity1 , their relatives and the medical staff. Because many drugs are often used simultaneously in seriously ill @entity1 , it may be difficult to be sure which drug may have been responsible. The best procedure is to remove those drugs which are most probable causes of the @entity146 as well as any drugs that are not truly essential for the treatment of the @entity1 . Problems involved in evaluating the relationship between use of drugs and @entity146 are considerable. Many reports are isolated cases and the denominators which might provide some idea of the potential risk are unknown. Many relationships are still controversial, such as the association of @entity308 with sedatives, antihypertensives and oral contraceptives. Areas of uncertainty are great. @entity1155 may be caused by a drug that can alter consciousness, or any drugs that can produce more delineated @entity146 syndromes. Sedative drugs are those most commonly associated with @entity1155 , and may include psychotherapeutic drugs, sedative antihistamines, narcotic analgesics and, of course, the widely used social drug, @entity167 . Delirious states are most often associated with drugs that possess central anticholinergic actions. These include not only drugs clearly identified as anticholinergics, but also tricyclic antidepressants and anti-Parkinson drugs. @entity4444 , which is often used parenterally in seriously ill @entity1 , is also a prominent cause. @entity933 is most often seen in elderly @entity1 and in those who have received rather large doses of drugs. The association of @entity161 -like @entity914 with dopaminomimetic drugs tends to support the prevailing @entity935 hypothesis of @entity161 . Levodopa, the @entity935 precursor, and @entity2847 , a direct @entity935 agonist, are examples of such relationships. Abuse of social drugs has also been thought to provide a useful model of @entity161 . Hallucinogens are probably a rather poor model, abuse of @entity889 may provide a better model, and possibly the best is the @entity716 state elicited by @entity12781 . @entity162 reactions are clinically difficult to differentiate from @entity161 -like @entity914 and are often produced by similar drugs. @entity288 may produce either @entity162 , as well as occasionally confusion and @entity308 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
