A natural antioxidant mixture from XXXX does not have estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity in immature @entity2659 @entity19 .

@entity172 @entity2772 @entity670 @entity19 @entity1846 @entity2659 @entity53 @entity3088
The use of natural antioxidants and @entity3088 in nutritional and pharmaceutical applications is increasing. Because some phytochemicals such as @entity670 , found in soy products, have estrogenic activity, we investigated the estrogenic potential of a natural antioxidant mixture ( @entity1846 ) isolated from @entity2772 leaves, using an in vivo uterotrophic bioassay and an in vitro transcriptional activation assay for the @entity172 receptor (ER). Outbred female @entity2659 @entity19 (17 d old) were given subcutaneous injections of @entity53 or @entity670 [500 and 500,000 microg /(kg x d), respectively] as positive controls or @entity1846 [1000 to 1,000,000 microg/(kg x d)] for 3 d. Uterine wet weight/body weight ratios were determined. Both @entity53 and @entity670 significantly increased uterine wet weight ratios compared with untreated controls, but @entity1846 did not. Histological examination of the uterus showed that @entity53 and @entity670 increased epithelial cell height, number and gland development, but @entity1846 did not. Estrogenic activity of @entity1846 was investigated in vitro using the ER transcriptional activation assay. BG1Luc4E2 cells expressing ER were stably transfected with a luciferase reporter gene responsive to @entity172 . @entity53 dose dependently increased luciferase activity; @entity1846 had no effect. When @entity1846 was tested for antiestrogenic activity, it did not lessen the effects of @entity53 . These data suggest that @entity1846 does not have estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. Thus, an antioxidant mixture has been identified that does not have potentially adverse estrogenic activity.
