Motility and XXXX of the biliary tract.

@entity1 @entity1085 @entity1690 @entity788 @entity1689 @entity344 @entity158 @entity4423
Muscle fibers in the biliary tree, and therefore the potential for @entity4423 , are located in the gallbladder and the sphincter of Oddi. Dysmotility at either site is a potential cause of @entity158 in the absence of stones, although significant controversy persists. Diminished gallbladder emptying measured by biliary scintigraphy is an indication for cholecystectomy, although studies are contradictory regarding clinical benefit. It is likely that careful selection of @entity1 for cholescintigraphic testing, many of whom have had missed stones or sludge, will identify @entity1 who benefit from cholecystectomy. However, given the increased incidence of @entity1085 in functional @entity344 , wide use of this study in @entity1 with abdominal symptoms leads to a frequent failure to respond to cholecystectomy. @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) has been best studied in @entity1 with @entity158 who have had prior cholecystectomy. Much less understood is the association of @entity1690 with idiopathic recurrent acute @entity788 and @entity1689 . The least-studied clinical association for @entity1690 is in @entity1 with @entity158 and intact gallbladders. Elevated basal sphincter of Oddi pressure is predictive of clinical response to sphincterotomy in @entity1 with @entity158 in two randomized sham-controlled studies. However, @entity1 with suspected @entity1690 have the highest complication rate from endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram and sphincterotomy, and, therefore, careful @entity1 selection is mandatory.
