A Comprehensive Review of the Use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in Treatment of Psychiatric and XXXX .

@entity1 @entity2794 @entity146
BACKGROUND: Neurostimulation as a treatment option for refractory @entity146 has been increasingly utilized in recent years. For @entity1 with such refractory disorders who have often failed to respond to various medical interventions, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising treatment modality. DBS is a reversible and adjustable form of brain stimulation (also known as functional neurosurgery) in which desired brain structures (or circuits) are given focal electric stimulation via electrodes that are implanted in the brain tissue during a surgical procedure. It has been utilized among various @entity146 and neurological illnesses, in @entity2794 . This article reviews the most relevant data regarding DBS for @entity146 and primary @entity2794 . METHODS: Authors conducted a detailed literature search of Medline/PubMed database and studies that used DBS for the treatment of refractory @entity146 were reviewed. Response, remission, and safety measures of these studies were obtained. RESULTS: Despite the advancement in DBS treatment, the number of randomized controlled studies remains very limited due to ethical and methodological difficulties of setting up invasive procedures of this magnitude. So at present, DBS represents a modality used only in the most refractory @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Current data support DBS as a promising treatment option for @entity146 that do not respond to conventional treatments; however, it is clear that more research and @entity1 volume is needed to demonstrate its efficacy in treating these conditions. The use of functional imaging to understand the pathophysiology of these disorders has been crucial for the utilization of DBS.
