Risk Factors for the Development and Progression of Thoracic Aorta Calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity6 @entity7874 @entity730 @entity731 @entity65
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Vascular @entity730 independently predicts @entity65 ( @entity65 ), and computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool to evaluate and quantify not only coronary but also @entity7874 ( @entity7874 ). Previous @entity7874 progression reports were limited to dialysis and renal transplant @entity1 . This is the first study to evaluate @entity7874 progression in a large multiethnic cohort without clinically evident @entity65 at entry. METHODS: Non-contrast-enhanced cardiac CTs were obtained in 5886 of 6814 Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) @entity1 (mean age, 62  years; 48% males; 40% white, 27% black, 21% Hispanic, and 12% Chinese). Baseline and follow-up @entity7874 scores were derived. RESULTS: Overall, 4308 (73%) @entity1 had no detectable baseline @entity7874 . Mean follow-up duration was 2.4      0.8  years, during which 12% developed @entity7874 . The overall incidence rate was 4.8%/year and was greater with age across gender and ethnic groups; @entity7874 incidence was significantly lower in blacks than whites. After adjustment for follow-up duration, regression analyses showed age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensives, and smoking were associated with incident @entity7874 . A total of 1578 (27%) @entity1 had @entity7874 at baseline with a positive association between average annual @entity7874 change and baseline age. Although the overall median change was 32.9 (-1.4 to 112.2) Agatston units, 27% showed an annual score change of >= 100 and blacks showed the lowest median across ethnic groups; 22.7 (-3 to 86.8). Age, systolic blood pressure, lipid-lowering medication, @entity6 , and smoking were associated with @entity7874 progression. CONCLUSIONS: In MESA, traditional CV risk factors were related to both @entity7874 incidence and progression. Blacks had the lowest incidence and median change across ethnic groups, consistent with previous findings for coronary @entity730 .
