Impact of PCV7/PCV13 introduction on community-acquired XXXX in @entity1 <5 years.

@entity1 @entity497 @entity1485 @entity55
BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is mostly considered a bacterial disease, mainly pneumococcal. This study was conducted to document the impact of sequential 7-valent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7; PCV13) on emergency room and hospitalization for @entity497 among @entity1 <5 years of age. METHODS: This is an ongoing prospective population-based study in southern Israel. The current analysis spans over the period July 2002 through June 2013. @entity497 was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s criteria for radiologically-confirmed @entity55 . PCV7 was introduced in Israel in July 2009 and gradually replaced by PCV13 in November 2010. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( @entity1485 ) impact was calculated by comparing incidences during 3 pre-defined periods: pre- @entity1485 (2002-2008), PCV7 (2010-2011) and PCV13 (2012-2013). RESULTS: Overall, 10,142 @entity497 occurred. The annual incidences (per 1,000 inhabitants) in @entity1 <5 years old declined from a mean (  standard deviation) of 13.8  0.9 in the pre- @entity1485 period to 11.2  2.7 in the PCV7 period and 7.4 in the PCV13 period, representing a reduction of 13% and 47%, respectively. The overall decrease was significantly faster among outpatients than among hospitalized @entity1 (42% and -8%, respectively in the PCV7 period; 68% vs. 32% in hospitalized @entity1 in the PCV13 period). While in @entity1 12-23 months a significant decline was observed during the PCV7 and PCV13 periods, significant declines in @entity497 rates were observed only during the PCV13 period in the <12 months and 24-59 months age groups (44% and 46%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A moderate decline in @entity497 in @entity1 <5 years old was observed after PCV7 introduction. In contrast, after PCV13 introduction a substantial reduction in all visits was evident.
