Associations among Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Circulating, Plasmatic, Salivary and Intraluminal Anatomical Compartments in Apparently Healthy Preschool XXXX from the Western Highlands of Guatemala.

@entity1 @entity32 @entity650 @entity1356 @entity310 @entity2915 @entity687 @entity688
BACKGROUND: Undernutrition and @entity32 are related in many ways; for instance, non-hygienic environments are associated with both poor growth and immunostimulation in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe any existing interaction among different @entity32 biomarkers measured in the distinct anatomical compartments of whole blood, feces, plasma and saliva. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, samples of whole blood, feces, plasma and saliva were collected on the 8th and last week of observation among 87 attendees (42 @entity1 and 45 @entity1 ) of 3 daycare centers offering a common 40-day rotating menu in Guatemala's Western Highlands. Analyses included white blood cell count (WBC), fecal calprotectin, and plasmatic and salivary cytokines including @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 and @entity310 . Associations were assessed using Spearman rank-order and goodness-of-fit correlations, as indicated, followed by backwards-elimination multiple regression analyses to determine predictor variables for @entity688 in both anatomical compartments. RESULTS: Of a total of 66 cross-tabulations in the Spearman hemi-matrix, 22 (33%) were significantly associated. All 10 paired associations among the salivary cytokines had a significant r value, whereas 7 of 10 possible associations among plasma cytokines were significant. Associations across anatomical compartments, however, were rarely significant. @entity688 in both biological fluids were higher than corresponding reference values. When a multiple regression model was run in order to determine independent predictors for @entity688 in each anatomical compartment separately, @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity310 emerged as predictors in plasma (r2 = 0.514) and @entity1356 , @entity687 and @entity310 remained as independent predictors in saliva (r2 = 0.762). Significant @entity2915 were seen with WBC, but not with fecal calprotectin. CONCLUSION: Interactions ranged from robust within the same anatomical compartment to limited to nil across distinct anatomical compartments. The prominence of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, @entity688 , in both plasma and saliva is consistent with its counter-regulatory role facing a broad front of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the same compartment.
