XXXX in black thyroids.

@entity1 @entity1377 @entity3557 @entity548 @entity5 @entity27553 @entity259 @entity1577 @entity9595
BACKGROUND: Black thyroid is a rare condition. It has been considered to be pathognomonic of chronic minocycline ingestion for more than 30 years, although it can also occur in @entity1 with @entity9595 , @entity27553 , @entity1577 , and @entity548 . A possible association of black thyroid with @entity259 has been considered, but no direct causal relationship has been established. Hence, the purpose of this article was to identify the malignant potential of such glands. METHODS: A retrospective medical chart review was performed on 433 @entity1 who underwent thyroid surgery at Tulane University Medical Center from 2001 to 2008. @entity1 were grouped based on pathology: (1) benign, (2) @entity1377 , and (3) @entity3557 . RESULTS: At surgery, 63 @entity1 (15%) with black thyroid gland were found to have thyroid nodules. Among these nodules, 22 (35%) were benign, 21 (33%) contained @entity3557 , and 20 (32%) had a non-papillary thyroid @entity5 . Nodules in black thyroids were associated with higher risk of @entity5 than nodules in non-black thyroids (p = .0001). Further analysis of the @entity3557 group showed no statistical difference in regard to @entity5 size or evidence of multifocality of disease. CONCLUSION: The finding of a black thyroid gland is unusual and disconcerting. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at documenting the malignant potential of black thyroid glands. This report documents that the risk of @entity5 is higher in black thyroid compared to non-black thyroid glands. Furthermore, among those with @entity3557 , the presence of the pigment did not correlate with @entity5 , multifocality, or @entity5 size.
