XXXX is related to coronary flow reserve detected by positron emission tomography in asymptomatic male twins.

@entity32 @entity650 @entity859 @entity4725 @entity453 @entity2071 @entity1851
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the relationship between @entity32 and coronary microvascular function in asymptomatic individuals using positron emission tomography (PET) and assessment of coronary flow reserve (CFR). BACKGROUND: Coronary microvascular dysfunction is an early precursor of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) thought to result from endothelial cell activation and @entity32 , but data are limited. METHODS: We examined 268 asymptomatic male monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Plasma biomarkers of @entity32 and endothelial cell activation included @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity650 , white blood cell count (WBC), @entity4725 , and @entity2071 . Blood flow quantitation was obtained with [    N] ammonia PET at rest and after @entity859 stress. CFR was measured as the ratio of maximum flow to baseline flow at rest; abnormal CFR was defined as a ratio < 2.5. A summed stress score for visible perfusion defects was calculated. RESULTS: In within-pair analyses, all biomarkers, except @entity4725 , were higher in twins with lower CFR than their brothers with higher CFR (p < 0.05). This was observed in the entire sample, as well as within pairs discordant for a CFR of <2.5. Associations persisted after adjusting for summed stress score and @entity453 risk factors. In contrast no biomarker, except @entity650 , was related to the summed stress score of visible defects. CONCLUSIONS: Even in asymptomatic subjects, a decrease in coronary microvascular function is accompanied by a systemic inflammatory response, independent of @entity453 risk factors. Our results, using a controlled twin design, highlight the importance of coronary microvascular function in the early phases of @entity453 .
