XXXX Priming Improves Gonadotrope Sensitivity and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Obese @entity1 .

@entity172 @entity1 @entity43 @entity650 @entity32 @entity28 @entity1420 @entity1356 @entity53 @entity2533 @entity1176 @entity6126 @entity687 @entity688
CONTEXT: Obesity is associated with a pro-inflammatory state and relative @entity6126 . @entity172 (E2) is a potential link between these phenomena because it exhibits negative feedback on gonadotropin secretion and also inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the effect of @entity172 priming on the @entity43 in @entity28 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This was an interventional study at an academic center of 11 @entity28 and 10 normal-weight (NW) @entity1 . INTERVENTION: A frequent blood-sampling study and one month of daily urinary collection were performed before and after administration of transdermal @entity53 0.1 mg/d for one entire menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum LH and FSH before and after @entity1176 stimulation, and urinary @entity172 and @entity1420 metabolites were measured. RESULTS: E2 increased LH pulse amplitude and FSH response to @entity1176 (P = .048, and P < .03, respectively) in @entity28 but not NW @entity1 . After E2 priming, ovulatory @entity28 but not NW @entity1 had a 25% increase in luteal @entity1420 (P = .01). Obese @entity1 had significantly higher baseline @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity2533 , and IL-12 compared with NW (all P < .05); these levels were reduced after E2 (-6% for @entity1356 , -21% for @entity687 , -5% for @entity2533 , -5% for IL-12; all P < .05) in @entity28 but not in NW @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: E2 priming seems to improve @entity43 function and systemic @entity32 in ovulatory, @entity28 @entity1 . Reducing @entity32 at the pituitary level may decrease the burden of @entity28 on fertility.
