The effects of XXXX on dissociable prototype learning systems.

@entity1 @entity1949 @entity4207 @entity1129
BACKGROUND: The cognitive neural underpinnings of prototype learning are becoming clear. Evidence points to 2 different neural systems, depending on the learning parameters. @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) prototype learning is mediated by posterior brain regions that are involved in early perceptual learning, whereas A/B (AB) is mediated by frontal and medial temporal lobe regions. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity1949 on @entity1129 and @entity4207 and to use established prototype models to provide insights into the cognitive-processing locus of @entity1949 . DESIGN: @entity1 performed an @entity1129 and an @entity4207 task twice, separated by a 24-hour period, with or without sleep between testing sessions. @entity1 : Eighteen West Point cadets participated in the @entity1949 group, and 17 West Point cadets participated in a control group. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep deprivation led to an @entity1129 , but not an AB, performance deficit. Prototype model analyses indicated that the @entity1129 was due to changes in attentional focus and a decrease in confidence that is reflected in an increased bias to respond non-A. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that @entity1129 , but not AB, prototype learning is affected by @entity1949 . Prototype model analyses support the notion that the effect of @entity1949 on @entity1129 is consistent with lapses in attentional focus that are more detrimental to @entity1129 than to AB. This finding adds to a growing body of work that suggests that different performance changes associated with @entity1949 can be attributed to a common mechanism of changes in simple attention and vigilance.
