Nacre extract restores the mineralization capacity of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1841 @entity571 @entity3875 @entity78 @entity622 @entity2001 @entity692 @entity1068 @entity460 @entity1118
UNASSIGNED: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is the most common cause of joint @entity1118 and involves the entire joints. @entity2001 present a mineralization defect and, to date, only a few molecules ( @entity3875 and @entity1841 ) could improve the mineralization potential of this cell type. In this context, we have tested for the first time the effect of nacre extract on the mineralization capacity of osteoblasts from @entity571 @entity1 . Nacre extract is known to contain osteogenic molecules which have demonstrated their activities notably on the MC3T3 pre-osteoblastic cell line. For this goal, molecules were extracted from nacre (ESM, @entity1068 Soluble Matrix) and tested on osteoblasts of the subchondral bone from @entity571 @entity1 undergoing total knee replacement and on MC3T3 cells for comparison. We chose to investigate the mineralization with @entity622 staining and with the study of extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and composition. In a complementary way the structure of the ECM secreted during the mineralization phase was investigated using second harmonic generation (SHG). Nacre extract was able to induce the early presence (after 7 days) of precipitated @entity460 in cells. Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy showed the presence of nanograins of an early crystalline form of @entity78 in @entity571 osteoblasts ECM and @entity692 in MC3T3 ECM. SHG collagen fibers signal was present in both cell types but lower for @entity571 osteoblasts. In conclusion, nacre extract was able to rapidly restore the mineralization capacity of @entity571 osteoblasts, therefore confirming the potential of nacre as a source of osteogenic compounds.
