Observations on detecting XXXX with two dimensional echocardiography: emphasis on avoidance of false positive diagnoses.

@entity1 @entity910 @entity2845 @entity715 @entity1002
Observations made in detecting @entity1002 with two dimensional echocardiography in 25 @entity1 are reviewed. In 20 @entity1 @entity715 was documented on angiography, surgery postmortem examination or serial two dimensional echocardiographic findings; in the remaining five @entity1 two dimensional echocardiographic findings of @entity715 were unequivocal. In all 25 @entity1 wall motion abnormalities ranging from @entity2845 to @entity910 were present at the site of the @entity715 . Twenty-three @entity1 had an apical @entity715 ; two had @entity715 adjacent to the inferior wall. Clear delineation of the endocardium and @entity715 margin was considered essential to the correct diagnosis of @entity715 . Both intracavitary motion of the @entity715 margin and a layering effect were noted infrequently although they were of benefit in identifying an intracardiac mass as @entity715 . In addition, serial evaluations were helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis. False positive diagnoses can be minimized if one understands certain technical limitations of this method and correctly identifies apical structures that are not thrombi. Axial and lateral resolution problems inherent with this technique can produce intracavitary echoes that may simulate thrombi. In addition, normal or pathologic structures at the apex may also simulate thrombi. These structures include the papillary muscles, muscular trabeculae, chordal structures and tangential information from normal myocardium. Varying the sector orientation or acoustic window, or both, will aid in correctly identifying these structures and distinguishing them from left ventricular thrombi.
