Management of Low Compliant Bladder in Spinal Cord Injured XXXX .

@entity4656 @entity1 @entity5122 @entity1494 @entity2951 @entity10020 @entity11440
@entity1494 means an abnormal volume and pressure relationship, and an @entity1494 during the @entity1494 . It is well known that at the time bladder capacity decreases, intravesical pressure increases, and the risk of @entity5122 increases. Hypocompliance is usually thought to be the range from 1.0 to 20.0 mL/ @entity10020 O. Though the exact cause of hypocompliance is not known, it may be caused by changes in the elastic and viscoelastic properties of the bladder, changes in detrusor muscle tone, or combinations of the two. Management aims at increasing bladder capacity with low intravesical pressure. The main is a medical therapy with antimuscarinics combined with clean intermittent catheterization. The results are sometimes unsatisfactory. Various drugs or agents through the mouth or the bladder, including @entity11440 , new antimuscarinics, @entity2951 and @entity4656 were tried. Among them botulinum toxin-A is promising. Some @entity1 eventually required surgical intervention in spite of the aggressive medical therapy. Finally most @entity1 undergo the surgical treatment including autoaugmentation, diversion, and augmentation cystoplasty. Among them augmentation cystoplasty still seems the only clearly verified treatment method.
