[Histopathological classification of XXXX ].

@entity1 @entity32 @entity2597 @entity82 @entity16058 @entity55 @entity16 @entity3616 @entity133 @entity2416 @entity358 @entity1576 @entity401
The classification scheme of @entity401 has undergone numerous revisions. The criteria for distinguishing seven distinct subtypes of @entity16058 are now well defined by consensus in the recently published ATS/ERS classification of these @entity358 . In our present review the histological patterns of the different types are described and the differential diagnosis of @entity16058 is discussed. Surgical lung biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity401 , and sampling from at least 2 sites is recommended. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical biopsy is the preferred method for obtaining lung tissue as this procedure offers a similar yield as an open thoracotomy The most common histological subtype of chronic @entity401 is the @entity2416 [ @entity2416 ] which makes up 47-71% of cases. The key histologic features include patchy subpleural and paraseptal distribution of remodeling lung architecture with dense @entity82 , frequent honeycombing, and large fibroblastic foci. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity are the hallmarks. @entity401 [ @entity401 ] occurs primarily in middle-aged @entity1 who have never smoked, with more than 5-years survival rate in 80% of @entity1 . The major feature of @entity401 is a uniform interstitial thickening of @entity133 by a fibrosing or cellular process. The cardinal histological feature in @entity1576 and desquamative @entity55 is an excess of intraalveolar histiocytes. In both patterns, there is variable interstitial @entity82 and @entity32 , and a strong association with a history of smoking. @entity3616 ( @entity3616 [BOOP]) is not strictly an interstitial process, because the alveoli and bronchioles are filled by intraluminal polyps of fibroblastic tissue and the expansion of the interstitium is mild. @entity401 [ @entity401 ] is currently viewed as a pattern of diffuse reactive @entity358 associated in most cases with EB virus, immunosuppression, or a @entity2597 . Malignant transformation may rarely occur. A dense mixed interstitial lymphoid infiltrate is a typical histological finding. @entity16 [ @entity16 ] from unknown causes is termed @entity401 [ @entity401 ], and is synonymous with cases of @entity2416 . Hyaline membranes in the exsudative phase and marked expansion of the interstitium later are present.
