Behavioral detection of low concentrations of XXXX in milk in the preweanling @entity35 .

@entity167 @entity1 @entity1068 @entity35
Previous animal models testing infantile reactivity to @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in maternal milk used @entity167 doses that vastly exceeded levels actually encountered in a mildly or moderately intoxicated dam. The present study assessed whether 12- and 16-day-old @entity35 are capable of detecting @entity167 in milk at levels actually recorded in an intoxicated dam. Experiment 1 determined representative levels of @entity167 in maternal milk as a function of maternal intragastric administration of @entity167 (0.5-3.0 g/kg). Experiment 2A assessed generalization of conditioned taste aversions accrued with a high level of @entity167 (6%) in either water or milk vehicles towards lower, more representative @entity167 levels obtained from Experiment 1. With body weight gain as the dependent measure, conditioned aversions to milk were evident with the milk vehicle, but there was no detection of @entity167 at any level at either age. Detection of the high level of @entity167 (6%) in milk, however, was observed by 16 day olds within an habituation paradigm (Exp. 2b) via cardiac and behavioral (locomotion, mouthing) indexes. In Experiment 3 application of Experiment 2's more sensitive, behavioral index to assess generalization of the conditioned taste aversions revealed detection of a lower, more representative concentration of @entity167 (175 mg%) in milk in 16-day-old @entity35 . Overall the results show that the unweaned @entity35 is capable of detecting very low concentrations of @entity167 in milk and can modify their behavior accordingly. The expression of this capability is not, however, homogeneous across different response indexes. In conjunction with prior research it is clear that the @entity1 @entity35 's perception of @entity167 in milk, including the very low levels of @entity167 found in maternal milk during mild or moderate intoxication, is a relevant experience for generating new responses towards @entity167 .
