Resistance-mediating polymorphisms of XXXX among isolates from @entity1 with severe @entity311 in kumasi, ghana.

@entity1 @entity311 @entity503 @entity3964
BACKGROUND: Antimalarial drug resistance has been a major contributor to the failure of the battle against @entity311 in many developing countries. The @entity3964 genes, pfcrt and pfmdr-1, have been implicated in @entity503 resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of mutant alleles of these @entity503 resistance genes among isolates of @entity3964 from @entity1 presenting with severe @entity311 in Ghana. METHODS: Venous blood samples were taken from @entity1 , and plasma @entity503 levels measured. @entity3964 chromosomal DNA was isolated from the blood samples, and subjected to PCR, restriction digestion and sequencing. Resulting data were analysed using the STATA statistical software. RESULTS: Of 140 @entity1 recruited into the study, 109 (77.9%) had detectable pre-treatment @entity503 levels. PCR and restriction digestion analysis of the pfcrt gene indicated that 124 (88.6%) had the mutant T76 gene, and that this correlated with higher @entity503 levels. Sequence analysis of these showed consistent genetic sequences for @entity503 resistant and sensitive parasites with respect to Pfcrt codons 72 through 76.The Pfcrt T76 mutation was found in 88.4% of isolates having the Pfmdr-1Y86 mutation. The Pfmdr-1 Y86 mutation was found in 67.6% of isolates having the Pfcrt T76 mutation. CONCLUSION: The study affirms Pfcrt as a better @entity503 resistance marker. Both mutations are independently selected by @entity503 levels and that one mutation (Y86) might modify/increase the effect of the other (T76). This study also depicts the much-overlooked antimalarial drug resistance situation in the area and emphasizes the need for a proper treatment strategy.
