@entity101 in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity8 @entity712 @entity2003 @entity101 @entity177 @entity4346 @entity299 @entity1011 @entity204 @entity65 @entity454
@entity177 is common. Recent estimates from the United States suggest that one in 10 adults has an elevated serum @entity1011 . @entity101 and @entity8 are intimately connected at many levels, and clearly accelerate each other s course. @entity101 is an almost universal feature of @entity454 , a state of frightening cardiovascular risk. Surprisingly, most recent observational studies have shown an association between low blood pressure and increased mortality, a result that may engender therapeutic nihilism in the absence of large randomised trials. This observation may be due to reverse causality, as the age and cardiovascular comorbidity of @entity1 reaching @entity454 is considerable. When outcomes other than @entity204 are considered, especially progressive @entity4346 , but also @entity299 and @entity712 , more predictable and expected associations are seen, with rising blood pressure appearing to be a deleterious parameter. Uraemia appears to be a state of premature senescence, and @entity2003 , whose clinical corollary is wide pulse pressure, is a characteristic feature. Recent observational studies have focused on pulse pressure, rather than the traditional approach of analysing its components, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in isolation. High pulse pressure appears to be a marker of short survival in dialysis @entity1 , but disentangling this association from old age and pre-existing @entity65 is challenging. Remarkably, and regrettably, no large scale randomised controlled studies examining strategies that tackle the issue of @entity101 in dialysis @entity1 have yet to be initiated.
