Pharmacological augmentation strategies for @entity161 @entity1 with insufficient response to XXXX : a quantitative literature review.

@entity1 @entity1088 @entity62098 @entity3216 @entity837 @entity161 @entity1771 @entity2812
BACKGROUND: When @entity161 @entity1 have insufficient response to @entity1088 , pharmacological augmentation is often applied. This meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on efficacy of pharmacological augmentation of @entity1088 treatment in @entity161 spectrum disorder. METHODS: Only double-blind randomized controlled studies were included. Primary outcome measure was total symptom severity, and secondary outcome measures were subscores for positive and negative symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated from individual studies and combined to standardized mean differences (Hedges's g). RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reporting on 15 different augmentations were included. Significant better efficacy than placebo on total symptom severity was observed for @entity2812 , @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 (a glutamatergic agonist). The positive effect of @entity2812 disappeared after outlier removal. The other positive findings were based on single studies. Significantly better efficacy on positive symptom severity was observed for @entity1771 and @entity3216 . The effect of @entity1771 disappeared after outlier removal. Results for @entity3216 were based on a single randomized controlled trial. @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 showed better efficacy for negative symptoms than placebo, all based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for efficacy of @entity1088 augmentation is currently scarce. Efficacy of @entity2812 and @entity1771 were both dependent on single studies with deviating findings. The effect of @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 were based on single studies. Thus, despite their popularity, pharmacological augmentations of @entity1088 are not (yet) demonstrated to be superior to placebo.
