The Doppler echocardiographic assessment of XXXX in normal @entity1 .

@entity1 @entity339 @entity338 @entity997 @entity337 @entity340
To determine the frequency of @entity340 , 174 @entity1 from birth to 18 years old (mean age 7.42+/-4.54 years), with structurally normal hearts were analyzed. Flow patterns across the four valves were examined by pulsed- (PW), continuous-wave (CW) and color Doppler. Regurgitation was detected in 59.7% of the valves. @entity997 ( @entity997 ) was most commonly found in 32.8% (n=57), @entity338 ( @entity338 ) in 17.2% (n=30), @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in 8.6% (n=15), and @entity337 ( @entity337 ) in 1.1% (n=2). The range of peak velocities of the regurgitant flow with CW were as follows: @entity997 :0.98-2.54 m/sec, @entity338 :0.50-1.80 m/sec, @entity339 :0.72-2.30 m/sec, and @entity337 :1.22-1.25 m/sec. The mean peak velocities of the regurgitant flow were similar with CW and PW measurements (p>0.05). The length of the regurgitant flow with color Doppler was less than 1 cm beyond the mitral and aortic valves. It reached up to 1.8 cm behind the pulmonary and 1.83 cm behind the tricuspid valves. Frequency of @entity340 was unchanged with age (p>0.05). @entity997 was more frequent in males (40.9% versus 23.5%; p=0.016). Regurgitation of tricuspid, pulmonary or mitral valves is relatively common in @entity1 with structurally normal hearts. @entity337 is scarce and the possible pathologic cause should always be carefully sought.
