Immunotoxic effects of XXXX and @entity5248 on the marine fish Oryzias melastigma.

@entity14911 @entity137 @entity1356 @entity5248 @entity2041 @entity14912
UNASSIGNED: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) and @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) have both been reported to induce adverse effects including immunotoxicity. Despite the widespread presence of these two chemicals in estuaries and seawater, their health effects on marine fish have received little attention. Oryzias melastigma is a potential marine fish model for immunological studies. In the present study, immune-related genes in O.  melastigma were enriched at the transcriptome level. Three-month-old fish were exposed to @entity14912 and @entity5248 (single or combined) for one week. The liver index-hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the fish was higher in the @entity14912 -exposed group and combined group than in the control group. This result indicates that @entity14912 might lead to liver @entity137 . The mRNA level of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) was upregulated after exposure. For catalase (CAT), @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) and cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), single exposure did not affect mRNA levels, but the combined exposure did significantly alter the expression of these genes. In all, our study provides a useful reference for immunotoxicological studies with O.  melastigma; it also highlights the importance of assessing the combined effects of pollutant mixtures when determining the risk to aquatic organisms.
