Responses of neurons in paraventricular nucleus to activation of cardiac afferents and @entity296 in XXXX .

@entity296 @entity859 @entity274 @entity2951 @entity11419 @entity1498 @entity1812 @entity35
Stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Chemicals released during @entity296 activate cardiac afferents. This study was to determine the responses of neurons in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the cardiac afferent activation caused by exogenous chemicals or @entity296 using an extracellular single-unit recording method. @entity35 were anaesthetized and underwent bilateral cervical @entity11419 ( @entity11419 ) and carotid and aortic baroreceptor denervation (BD). In 196 spontaneously active neurons in parvicellular PVN, 60 (30.6%), 36 (18.4%) and 91 (46.4%) neurons were respectively sensitive, mildly sensitive and insensitive to @entity2951 , while nine (4.6%) neurons showed inhibitory responses to @entity2951 . Epicardial application of @entity2951 activated @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in the PVN and increased mean arterial pressure. These neurons were also sensitive to exogenous @entity1812 , @entity859 and @entity274 . The neuron response is not secondary to a @entity2951 -induced increase in mean arterial pressure because a similar degree of pressor response induced by @entity1498 did not increase the neuron activity. Compared with intact @entity35 , @entity11419 or BD or combined @entity11419 and BD increased the response of @entity2951 -sensitive neurons to epicardial application of @entity2951 , while stimulation of vagal afferents inhibited the response. @entity296 caused increases in the activity of @entity2951 -sensitive neurons and renal sympathetic nerve activity. The results indicate that chemical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents activates @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in parvicellular PVN, which is inhibited by the afferent activities of vagi and arterial baroreceptors. Acute @entity296 activates @entity2951 -sensitive neurons in PVN and enhances sympathetic outflow.
