XXXX in lung morphogenesis.

@entity22594 @entity19123 @entity19 @entity46234 @entity133 @entity73062 @entity32123 @entity16529 @entity238
The @entity19123 gene, @entity22594 , regulates circadian rhythm in @entity238 , but its vertebrate homolog is critical to embryonic development. @entity46234 was shown to be involved in @entity19 urethral bud branching morphogenesis. We generated a polyclonal antibody to @entity19 @entity46234 ( @entity73062 ) and studied its distribution and its potential role during lung development, which also requires branching morphogenesis. In the early @entity19 embryo, @entity73062 was localized to all organs, especially the neural epithelium. In embryonic day (E) 9.5 embryos, @entity73062 was present in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells at the onset of lung morphogenesis. In E15 embryos, @entity73062 decreased in the mesenchyme but remained pronounced in the epithelium of both large and small airways. Later, @entity73062 was localized to a specific subset of epithelial cells with @entity133 phenotype. This finding was verified by immunostaining of isolated @entity133 cells. In the proximal airways, @entity73062 was colocalized with @entity32123 to nonciliated columnar epithelial cells. Antisense oligonucleotides to @entity73062 specifically inhibited branching morphogenesis of embryonic lungs in explant culture without affecting @entity16529 expression an @entity133 cell marker. In cultured lung cells, expression of @entity73062 is independent of cell cycle and proliferation. These studies indicate that the function of @entity46234 is highly conserved in organs whose formation requires branching morphogenesis.
