High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals XXXX and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in @entity29 .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity31 @entity6636 @entity29 @entity8787 @entity30
BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in the development of the inflammatory bowel diseases @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ). Shifts in the composition of resident bacteria have been postulated to drive the @entity32 seen in both diseases (the " @entity6636 " hypothesis). We therefore specifically sought to compare the mucosa-associated microbiota from both inflamed and non-inflamed sites of the colon in @entity30 and @entity31 @entity1 to that from non- @entity8787 controls and to detect disease-specific profiles. RESULTS: Paired mucosal biopsies of inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal tissue from 6 @entity30 (n = 12) and 6 @entity31 (n = 12) @entity1 were compared to biopsies from 5 healthy controls (n = 5) by in-depth sequencing of over 10,000 near full-length bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results indicate that mucosal microbial diversity is reduced in @entity8787 , particularly in @entity30 , and that the species composition is disturbed. Firmicutes were reduced in @entity8787 samples and there were concurrent increases in Bacteroidetes, and in @entity30 only, Enterobacteriaceae. There were also significant differences in microbial community structure between inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal sites. However, these differences varied greatly between individuals, meaning there was no obvious bacterial signature that was positively associated with the inflamed gut. CONCLUSIONS: These results may support the hypothesis that the overall @entity6636 observed in @entity29 @entity1 relative to non- @entity8787 controls might to some extent be a result of the disturbed gut environment rather than the direct cause of disease. Nonetheless, the observed shifts in microbiota composition may be important factors in disease maintenance and severity.
