XXXX in pregnancy.

@entity1 @entity101 @entity387 @entity27 @entity4939 @entity1468 @entity4531 @entity25 @entity22
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sleep disturbances are frequent during pregnancy. The spectrum of association between pregnancy and sleep disturbances ranges from an increased incidence of @entity22 , nocturnal awakenings, and @entity4939 (especially @entity4531 ) to snoring and excessive @entity25 . These disturbances occur as a result of physiologic, hormonal, and physical changes associated with pregnancy. Although the timing and occurrence of different @entity25 varies, they are most prevalent during the third trimester. Despite reports of the various sleep problems, the exact nature and incidence of @entity25 in pregnancy is not known. Given that limitation, we are presenting an up-to-date review of the current understanding of the relation between sleep and pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies suggest that pregnancy affects sleep in multiple ways. There are hormonal changes, physiologic changes, physical factors, and behavioral changes in a pregnant @entity1 -all of which may affect her sleep. They may affect the duration and @entity25 and lead to a variety of @entity25 . Pregnancy may also affect an existing @entity25 . Particular attention may be given to obese pregnant @entity1 who would gain more weight during pregnancy or those who develop @entity101 conditions (eg, @entity1468 ). Snoring may be more common in @entity1 with @entity1468 and the pressor responses to obstructive respiratory events during sleep may be enhanced in preeclamptic @entity1 when compared with those with @entity27 alone. Several investigators have suggested that @entity27 ( @entity27 ) may be common in pregnant @entity1 despite the presence of intrinsic mechanisms that seem to be geared towards preventing @entity387 . However, the exact incidence and prevalence of @entity387 in pregnant @entity1 is uncertain. In addition, it is unclear if criteria that are used to define @entity387 in the general population should be applied to pregnant @entity1 . Further investigations are needed to determine if lower thresholds for management of @entity27 should be used in pregnant @entity1 to prevent harm to the fetus. SUMMARY: In conclusion, sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy though the full extent of this relation remains undefined. Large, multi-center, prospective studies are needed for better understanding.
