XXXX delay discounting: Modulation by pharmacological state, @entity734 , and intelligence.

@entity4521 @entity245 @entity734 @entity3347
@entity245 ( @entity245 ) refers to how rapidly an individual devalues goods based on delays to receipt. @entity245 usually is considered a trait variable but can be state dependent, yet few studies have assessed commodity valuation at short, naturalistically relevant time intervals that might enable state-dependent analysis. This study aimed to determine whether @entity734 and intelligence influence @entity4521 @entity245 at short (ecologically relevant) delays during two pharmacological states ( @entity4521 satiation and withdrawal). Out-of-treatment, intensive @entity4521 users (n = 170; 53.5% African American; 66.7% male) provided complete @entity245 data during imagined @entity4521 satiation and withdrawal. Delays were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours; maximum delayed @entity4521 amount was thirty  10 bags. Indifference points were used to calculate area under the curve (AUC). We also assessed @entity734 (subscales from the Impulsive Relapse Questionnaire [IRQ]) and estimated intelligence (Shipley IQ) as predictors of @entity245 . @entity4521 discounting was greater (smaller AUC) during withdrawal than satiation. In regression analyses, lower intelligence and IRQ Capacity for Delay as well as higher IRQ Speed (to return to drug use) predicted greater @entity4521 discounting in the satiation condition. Lower intelligence and higher IRQ Speed predicted greater discounting in the @entity3347 . Sex, race, substance use variables, and other IRQ subscales were not significantly related to the withdrawal or satiation @entity245 behavior. In summary, @entity4521 discounting was temporally rapid, pharmacologically state dependent, and predicted by @entity734 and estimated intelligence. These findings highlight a novel and sensitive measure of acute @entity245 that is easy to administer. (PsycINFO Database Record
