Longer term outcomes from a randomised trial of prescribing strategies in XXXX media.

@entity1 @entity697 @entity7867 @entity221 @entity2346
BACKGROUND: There are limited data about the longer-term outcomes in @entity697 ( @entity697 ) when comparing the realistic alternatives of immediate prescription of antibiotics and a 'wait and see' or delayed prescribing policy. AIM: The aim was to assess the medium and longer term outcomes of two prescribing strategies for @entity2346 media. DESIGN OF STUDY: Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial cohort. SETTING: Primary care. METHOD: Three-hundred and fifteen @entity1 aged 6 months to 10 years presenting with @entity697 were randomised to immediate antibiotics, or antibiotics delayed at the parents discretion 72 hours if the @entity1 still had significant @entity7867 or @entity221 , or was not improving. Episodes of @entity7867 since study entry were documented, and a poor score (of 9 or more--the top 20%) on a reliable six-item functional rating scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75). RESULTS: The delayed prescribing strategy did not significantly increase reported episodes of @entity7867 in the 3 months since randomisation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48 to 1.65) or over 1 year (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.78) nor of poor scores on the function scale at 3 months (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.61 to 2.22) or 1 year (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.57 to 2.19), and controlling for subsequent antibiotic use after the randomised episode did not alter these estimates. The number of prior episodes of @entity697 documented in the doctor's notes predicted episodes of @entity7867 reported (0, 1, > or = 2 episodes, respectively; OR = 1, 2.42, 2.61; chi2 for trend 8.04; P<0.01). There was weaker evidence that prior episodes also predicted poor function at 1 year (OR = 1, 1.86, 2.28; chi2 for trend 5.49; P = 0.019). For @entity1 with recurrent @entity697 (two or more previous episodes documented in the doctor's notes, n = 43) there was possible evidence of fewer episodes of @entity7867 in the 3 months since study entry in the immediate antibiotic group (10% compared to 39% in the delayed group, chi2 4.8, P = 0.029), but no effect from randomisation to 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: For most @entity1 , delayed prescribing is not likely to have adverse longer-term consequences. @entity1 with recurrent @entity697 are more likely to have poorer outcomes. Secondary analysis should be treated with caution and requires confirmation, but suggests that treating such children with antibiotics immediately may not alter longer-term outcomes.
