The genetics of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity18957 @entity28 @entity146 @entity13495 @entity2931 @entity448 @entity1278 @entity1277 @entity2252 @entity1279 @entity5550
The @entity1277 ( @entity1278 ), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ), @entity5550 and allied diagnoses such as @entity1277 not otherwise specified are common, complex @entity146 with a significant genetic component. Aetiology is unknown, but both phenotypic characteristics and genetic factors appear to be shared across these disorders, and indeed @entity1 often change between diagnostic categories. Molecular studies have attempted to define genetic risk factors for these disorders, including case-control and family-based candidate gene association studies and linkage analysis of multiply affected nuclear families. These have used both clinical diagnoses and @entity1277 -related intermediate phenotypes such as drive-for-thinness or body dissatisfaction. Candidate gene studies have focussed on neurotransmitter and neurodevelopmental systems [e.g. serotonergic, opioid, cannabinoid and dopaminergic receptors, and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 )], appetite regulatory peptides and their receptors [leptin, ghrelin, @entity13495 ( @entity13495 ), melanocortin receptors, neuropeptide Y], energy balance systems (e.g. uncoupling proteins), genes implicated in @entity28 (e.g. @entity18957 ) and sex hormone systems (e.g. @entity2931 receptors), either identified on the basis of their function alone or as positional candidates from linkage analysis. Of these studies, linkage analysis implicates 1p33-36 for @entity1278 , 1q31.3 for quantitative behavioural traits related to @entity448 and 10p14 for @entity1279 , as well as other behavioural phenotypes across both disorders. Candidate gene association has implicated @entity2252 , delta 1 opioid receptor (OPDR1) and @entity13495 . More recently, with the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), analysis with microsatellite markers has implicated novel candidate loci for @entity1278 at 1q41 and 11q22, and further GWAS results are expected in the near future.
