Prognostic significance of macrophage polarization in early stage XXXX .

@entity1 @entity14452 @entity5 @entity957 @entity469 @entity11772 @entity3 @entity2935
BACKGROUND: Polarization of @entity5 infiltrating macrophages is associated with the prognosis of solid @entity5 and correlates with the occurrence of lymph node @entity3 in @entity957 ( @entity957 ). Early stage (T1/T2, N0) @entity957 are characterized by a good prognosis and can be cured by surgery. The postoperative regime usually contains no adjuvant radio-/chemotherapy. The current pilot study was conducted to elucidate whether macrophage polarization in @entity5 resection specimens and diagnostic biopsies of early stage @entity957 is associated with @entity5 outcome. METHODS: @entity1 with T1/T2, N0, and R0>5mm @entity957 without adjuvant therapy and 3-year follow-up after @entity5 resection were retrospectively selected. Tissue microarrays (TMA) containing diagnostic biopsies (n=17) and @entity5 resection specimens (n=17) were processed for immunohistochemistry in this pilot study to detect @entity469 -, @entity2935 -, @entity11772 - and @entity14452 -positive macrophages. Samples were digitized, and the expression of macrophage markers was quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS: High infiltration of M2 polarized macrophages correlated with poor @entity5 outcome in early stage (T1/T2, N0) @entity957 . This correlation was observed in @entity5 resection specimens, but was also observed in diagnostic biopsies. M2 macrophage polarization in biopsies - but not in @entity5 resection samples - correlated with high scores in @entity5 grading. CONCLUSION: Macrophage polarization in early stage @entity957 is a potential prognostic marker for @entity5 outcome. The correlation of M2 polarized macrophages with @entity5 outcome can already be detected in the initial biopsies. Furthermore, M2 polarization of macrophages in biopsies is associated with an increased dedifferentiation.
