[Surgical management of post XXXX @entity256 ].

@entity1 @entity135 @entity64 @entity932 @entity146 @entity190 @entity2 @entity2998 @entity256 @entity128 @entity583 @entity10
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of surgical management of post @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) @entity256 , mainly focusing on the surgical options and indications. METHODS: This study represented retrospective analysis of 3 kinds of surgical managements of 21 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity2998 from April 2012 to April 2014. Patch carotid endarterectomy (pCEA), Eversion carotid endarterectomy (eCEA) or carotid excision and graft interposition (CEGI) was selected to remove the stent and reconstruct the blood flow, based on the preoperative imaging results and intraoperative adhesion degree. Use of carotid shunt, @entity190 , operative time, carotid artery cross-clamp time and other data were recorded. @entity1 were followed for improvement of symptoms, complications and @entity256 . RESULTS: Eleven, 4 and 6 @entity1 received pCEA, eCEA or CEGI respectively. All the stents were successfully removed. Shunts were deployed in 14 cases. The mean bleeding was (152.6    38.0) ml, the mean operation time was (100.7    34.8) min and the mean carotid artery clamping time was (29.1    4.6) min. In the early postoperative period, there were no infection, @entity64 , @entity128 , @entity583 or mortalities. One @entity1 developed @entity135 , while 2 @entity1 had the symptoms of hyperperfusion such as @entity10 , @entity146 and multi-lingual but no @entity932 happened according to the brain CT scan, who all fully recovered within 3 days. Within a median follow-up of (13.2    4.3) months, no @entity64 , @entity583 or recurrent @entity256 (> 50%) on duplex ultrasound imaging or CTA was discovered except for 1 @entity1 who died of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Surgical management to remove the stent and reconstruct the blood flow, which offered new options in the treatment of @entity2998 , with its initially confirmed simplicity, feasibility, safety and validity.
