Standard chemoradiation for XXXX results in progressive brain volume loss.

@entity1 @entity463 @entity5 @entity2903
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of chemotherapy and cranial irradiation on normal brain tissue using in vivo neuroimaging in @entity1 with @entity463 . METHODS: We used longitudinal MRI to monitor structural brain changes during standard treatment in @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity463 . We assessed volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging measures in 14 @entity1 receiving 6 weeks of chemoradiation, followed by up to 6 months of @entity2903 chemotherapy alone. We examined changes in whole brain, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), anterior lateral ventricle, and hippocampal volumes. Normal-appearing GM, WM, and hippocampal analyses were conducted within the hemisphere of lowest/ @entity5 burden. We examined diffusion tensor imaging measures within the subventricular zone. RESULTS: Whole brain (F = 2.41; p = 0.016) and GM (F = 2.13; p = 0.036) volume decreased during treatment, without significant WM volume change. Anterior lateral ventricle volume increased significantly (F = 65.51; p < 0.001). In @entity1 analyzed beyond 23 weeks, mean ventricular volume increased by 42.2% (SE: 8.8%; t = 4.94; p < 0.005). Apparent diffusion coefficient increased within the subventricular zone (F = 7.028; p < 0.001). No significant changes were identified in hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS: We present evidence of significant and progressive treatment-associated structural brain changes in @entity1 with @entity463 treated with standard chemoradiation. Future studies using longitudinal neuropsychological evaluation are needed to characterize the functional consequences of these structural changes.
