Structural and Immunological Effects of Skin Cryoablation in a XXXX Model.

@entity1568 @entity2517 @entity5 @entity19 @entity1066 @entity39 @entity6440 @entity112 @entity2823 @entity11805 @entity272 @entity715 @entity130
UNASSIGNED: Cryoablation is therapeutically applied for various disorders in several organs, and @entity272 are typical targets as this cryotherapy has been widely used for viral warts, @entity5 , and @entity2517 . The main mechanisms of cryoablation consist of direct freezing effect on skin constituents, @entity715 formation in microcirculation, and subsequent immunological responses. Among them, however, the immunological mechanism remains unelucidated, and it is an issue how the @entity130 induces immunological consequences. We established a @entity19 cryoablation model with liquid @entity1568 applied to the shaved back skin, and used this system to study the immunological excitement. After application of liquid @entity1568 , the thermal decrease ratio was -25  C/sec or less and the lowest temperature was less than -100  C, which was sufficient to induce @entity1066 . Destruction of cornified layer and @entity39 of epidermal cells were observed in transmission electron microscopy image, and increased transepidermal water loss and skin permeability were detected by the functional measurements. By flow cytometry, antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), including PDCA1+B220+ @entity6440 - plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and @entity11805 + myeloid DCs, as well as neutrophils and macrophages were increased in subcutaneous tissue. In parallel, the mRNA expressions of interferon a1 which are known as pDC-producing cytokines, was elevated. We also found marked degranulation of mast cells, providing a possibility that released @entity112 attracts pDCs. Finally, @entity2823 migration assay revealed that pDCs and @entity11805 + DCs emigrated from the cryoablated skin to the draining lymph nodes. Our study suggests that cryoablation induces destruction of the barrier/epidermis, accumulation of pDCs and @entity11805 + DCs to the skin, and migration of DCs to regional lymph nodes. Viral elements or @entity5 cell lysates released from damaged keratinocytes may stimulate the DCs, thereby leading to antiviral or antitumor effect.
