A new paradigm about XXXX particle production and blocked release to explain @entity701 mediated immunosenescence and age-associated risk of @entity102 .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity45231 @entity0 @entity2494 @entity102 @entity2121 @entity72819 @entity1800 @entity160 @entity701
UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity102 in the aging adult are thought to relate to immune aging characterized by dominant immunosuppression and @entity2121 , @entity32 . This is known collectively as immunosenescence. The main change thought to be controlling immune aging is the age-related decline in @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) and corresponding increase in @entity701 ; the net effect which decreases the @entity2494 / @entity701 ratio. Exactly how this translates to immunosuppression and @entity32 remains unclear. Recently a new component of the @entity1 innate immune system has been discovered. @entity1 endogenous retrovirus K102 ( @entity72819 ) is a replication-competent @entity45231 unique to @entity1 which has been implicated in @entity102 . Accumulating evidence suggests that @entity72819 may defend the host against @entity1800 , as well as against @entity0 . Particles are produced in activated monocytes and released into vacuoles but do not bud through the cell surface. This renders macrophages foamy, while the release of particles is only through cell lysis. New evidence presented here suggests @entity2494 but not @entity2494 -S may specifically bind and inactivate @entity160 ( @entity160 ). @entity160 is a well-established immunosuppressive factor which importantly, also blocks cell lysis induction in macrophages through the 67 kilodalton (kD) @entity160 receptor (AFPr). Here, it is proposed that a decreased @entity2494 / @entity701 ratio may favor the accumulation of foamy macrophages reflecting the @entity701 induction of @entity72819 particle production concomitant with the blocked release of particles by secreted @entity160 . This is a new paradigm to explain how @entity701 -mediated immunosenescence can result in the persistence of foamy macrophages, and how this relates to risk of @entity102 .
