The antimicrobial resistance patterns and associated determinants in @entity11769 isolated from XXXX in southern Vietnam, 1997-2008.

@entity11769 @entity1 @entity4008 @entity2929 @entity693 @entity2755 @entity803
BACKGROUND: @entity11769 is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and is the leading cause of @entity4008 in adults in Vietnam. Systematic data on the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of @entity11769 strains isolated from @entity1 cases are lacking. We studied antimicrobial resistance and associated resistance determinants in @entity11769 isolated from @entity1 with @entity693 in southern Vietnam. METHODS: @entity11769 strains isolated between 1997 and 2008 were investigated for their susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents. Strains were screened for the presence and expression of @entity803 and @entity2929 resistance determinants and the association of tet(M) genes with Tn916- like transposons. The localization of @entity803 resistance gene tet(L) was determined by pulse field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in resistance to @entity803 and @entity2755 , which was concurrent with an increase in multi-drug resistance. In @entity803 resistance strains, we identified tet(M), tet(O), tet(W) and tet(L) and confirmed their expression. All tet(M) genes were associated with a Tn916-like transposon. The co-expression of tet(L) and other @entity803 resistance gene(s) encoding for ribosomal protection protein(s) was only detected in strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of @entity803 of >=  64 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that multi-drug resistance in @entity11769 causing disease in @entity1 in southern Vietnam has increased over the 11-year period studied. We report the presence and expression of tet(L) in @entity11769 strains and our data suggest that co-expression of multiple genes encoding distinct mechanism is required for an MIC >=  64 mg/L to @entity803 .
