Mapping of kisspeptin receptor mRNA in the whole XXXX brain and its co-localization with @entity398 in the paraventricular nucleus.

@entity398 @entity5463 @entity28207 @entity1176 @entity35 @entity63489
UNASSIGNED: The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor play an essential role in reproduction as a potent modulator of the GnRH neuron. In addition to its reproductive function, kisspeptin signaling is also involved in extra-HPG axis systems, including @entity398 and @entity5463 ( @entity28207 ) secretion. In contrast to the accumulating information for kisspeptin neurons and kisspeptin fibers, the histological distribution and function of the kisspeptin receptor in the @entity35 brain are poorly characterized. Using in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence, this study aimed to determine the whole brain map of @entity63489 mRNA (encoding the kisspeptin receptor), and to examine whether @entity398 or @entity28207 neurons express @entity63489 . Neurons with strong @entity63489 expression were observed in several rostral brain areas including the olfactory bulb, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, and throughout the preoptic area, with the most concentrated population around 0.5 mm rostral to the bregma. Co-immunofluorescence staining revealed that in these rostral brain areas, the vast majority of the @entity63489 -expressing neurons co-expressed @entity1176 . Moderate levels of @entity63489 mRNA were also noted in the rostral periventricular area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and throughout the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Relatively weak @entity63489 expression was observed in the supraoptic nucleus, and supramammillary nuclei. Moderate to weak expression of @entity63489 was also observed in several regions in the midbrain, including the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus. We also examined whether @entity398 and @entity28207 neurons in the PVN co-express @entity63489 . Immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression of @entity63489 in a subset of the @entity398 neurons, but not in the @entity28207 neurons in the PVN. This study provides a fundamental anatomical basis for further examination of the kisspeptin signaling system in the extra-HPG axis as well as in reproductive function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
