Surgical management of XXXX : Case series from a single institution and literature review.

@entity1 @entity131 @entity13668 @entity174 @entity5173 @entity85 @entity130
BACKGROUND: Neurosurgeons are frequently involved in the management of @entity1 with @entity131 ; however, management options and operative techniques can vary significantly. In this study, the authors review the current literature and retrospectively review the clinical series at a single tertiary referral center. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, the medical records and computed tomographic (CT) imaging of @entity1 whose @entity174 were treated surgically at the University of Utah were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, operative technique, and pattern of injury on CT were analyzed. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2012, 33 @entity1 underwent successful cranialization of the frontal sinus following @entity130 . The material used to obliterate the sinus varied. No @entity1 required immediate or delayed reoperation. Nasofrontal outflow tract obstruction, the importance of which has been emphasized in the plastic surgery literature, was apparent on either initial or retrospective review of the available CT imaging in 96%. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, we successfully surgically treated 33 @entity1 with @entity174 . The presence of @entity5173 , nasofrontal outflow tract injury, associated @entity13668 , and subsequent formation of communicating pathways and infection must be considered when constructing a treatment plan. The goals of treatment should be: (i) surgical repair of the defect and elimination of the conduit from the intracranial space to the outside and (ii) elimination of any cerebrospinal fluid pressure gradient that may develop across the surgical repair. We present a treatment algorithm focusing on the presence of nasofrontal outflow tract @entity130 , @entity85 , and @entity5173 .
