Heat processing of @entity2247 and XXXX of diets for broilers.

@entity6167 @entity2247 @entity2246
The influence of @entity6167 ( @entity6167 ) of @entity2247 and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) of the diet on digestive and performance traits of broilers to 21 d was studied. There were four treatments arranged factorially with two @entity2247 -processing treatments (raw or heated), two levels of @entity2246 (0 or 500 ppm), and five replicates per treatment. Chicks fed @entity6167 @entity2247 grew faster than broilers fed raw @entity2247 until 8 d of age, but the effect disappeared thereafter. In general, @entity2246 improved broiler performance at all ages. Intestinal viscosity was increased by @entity6167 of @entity2247 (P < or = 0.05) and reduced by @entity2246 (P < or = 0.001), and the decrease in viscosity caused by @entity2246 was greater for @entity6167 than for raw @entity2247 diets ( @entity6167 x @entity2246 ; P < or = 0.05). Heat processing of @entity2247 and @entity2246 of the diet improved apparent retention of nutrients (P < or = 0.001). Age affected apparent retention of nutrients differently. For starch and neutral detergent fiber, retention increased linearly with age (P < or = 0.01), but for the remaining nutrients the retention decreased from d 4 to 8 and then increased until d 21 (P < or = 0.001). Also, the beneficial effects of @entity6167 on retention of nutrients were more pronounced at younger ages ( @entity6167 x age; P < or = 0.05). Both @entity6167 (P < or = 0.001) and @entity2246 (P < or = 0.01) increased liver weight, and enzymes reduced the weights of pancreas (P < or = 0.05) and small intestine (P < or = 0.001). Villus height was improved by @entity6167 (P < or = 0.001) and @entity2246 (P < or = 0.01), but villus surface area was only improved by enzymes (P < or = 0.01). It was concluded that broiler performance is improved by @entity6167 of @entity2247 at early ages and by @entity2246 of the diet throughout the trial. Also, @entity6167 and @entity2246 increased apparent retention of nutrients, AMEn of the diet, and villus height.
