Outcomes of spontaneous and assisted pregnancies in XXXX : the U.S. National Institutes of Health experience.

@entity1 @entity2689 @entity1468 @entity65 @entity306
OBJECTIVE: To assess fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnancies in @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Clinical research center. @entity1 (S): 276 adults with cytogenetically proven @entity2689 participating in an intramural natural history protocol. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Menstrual and obstetric histories, 50-cell karyotypes, and cardiovascular evaluation including aortic diameter measurements. RESULT(S): Our cohort included five @entity1 with spontaneous pregnancies and five with pregnancies using assisted reproduction (ART). All five @entity1 with spontaneous pregnancies had spontaneous puberty, despite 45,X in >= 90% of their 50-cell karyotype. @entity1 had a total of 13 pregnancies and 14 live births. One @entity1 had @entity306 ; the others were chromosomally and developmentally normal. Delivery was by cesarean section in four out of seven spontaneous and six out of six ART-related pregnancies. One mother experienced @entity1468 in an ART-related twin pregnancy that required a preterm delivery; she has marked but stable aortic dilation years later. CONCLUSION(S): Approximately 2% of our study cohort experienced spontaneous pregnancies despite high-grade X monosomy, and a similar number achieved pregnancy via oocyte donation and ART. The potential for life-threatening @entity65 warrants comprehensive screening before conception or single-embryo transfer, and caution regarding unintentional pregnancies for @entity2689 @entity1 .
