Risk factors for failure of single-level percutaneous XXXX .

@entity2649 @entity1 @entity6 @entity158
UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Few studies have addressed surgical failures and complications following percutaneous @entity2649 (PELD), and no previous study has investigated the risk factors that lead to surgical failure. The authors report their experience using PELD for single-level lumbar disc herniation (LDH) to provide insights into the rates of surgical failure and identify potential risk factors that lead to this complication. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 350 @entity1 who underwent PELD for single-level LDH and identified 36 @entity1 (10.3%) who underwent reoperation due to the failure of PELD. RESULTS @entity1 ' mean visual analog scale of @entity158 scores and Oswestry Disability Index scores improved significantly from 6.6    2.1 and 51.6    19.4 preoperatively to 1.9    1.4 and 28.3    12.0, respectively, at 1 month postoperatively and 1.2    1.1 and 9.3    7.8, respectively, at 1 year postoperatively. The frequencies with which @entity1 took analgesic medications significantly decreased from 74.6% preoperatively to 19.7% at 1 month postoperatively and 10.0% at 1 year postoperatively. Relatively older @entity1 (p = 0.005) and those >=  60 years old (p = 0.001) experienced larger numbers of failures compared to younger @entity1 . An analysis of potentially contributing comorbid conditions indicated that significantly more @entity1 with @entity6 were present in the PELD failure group (p = 0.017). As surgeons gained familiarity with the procedure, outcomes improved. The failure rate during the authors' early use of the PELD technique (Cases 1-70) was 17.1%; the failure rate then fell to 5.7% (p = 0.034) (Cases 141-210) before finally stabilizing at 10.0% (Cases 211-280 and Cases 281-350). CONCLUSIONS The surgical failure rate following PELD for LDH was 10.3%. Older @entity1 , elderly @entity1 (age >=  60 years), and @entity1 with @entity6 were at increased risk of surgical failure of PELD, particularly in the early years of the procedure's use.
