XXXX : a study of 15 cases demonstrating a wide clinicopathologic spectrum.

@entity1 @entity8 @entity5 @entity31106 @entity1066 @entity262 @entity16102 @entity463 @entity2760 @entity272 @entity395 @entity340 @entity9156 @entity7160 @entity309
@entity31106 ( @entity31106 ) is a rare condition characterized by cutaneous vascular proliferation that usually occurs in @entity1 with diverse types of @entity262 . Although intravascular proliferation of endothelial cells has been considered to be the key histologic feature in @entity31106 , other patterns of vascular proliferation have also been described. We reviewed the clinicopathologic features in 15 cases of @entity31106 . The study group comprised eight males and seven females with an age range of 47-88 years (median 65 years). Eleven @entity1 had @entity262 : @entity8 (six @entity1 , including three post renal transplantation); @entity340 (two @entity1 ); one @entity1 each had @entity7160 , @entity463 multiforme (on chemotherapy), and @entity309 / @entity2760 rheumatica. Six @entity1 were iatrogenically immunosuppressed at the onset of the @entity272 . The clinical appearance included multiple erythematous macules, plaques, @entity5 , and @entity1066 , with a wide distribution but a propensity to involve limbs. Lesions had been present for 1 month to 4 years (median 4 months). Lesions resolved in four cases, improved in two cases, remained static in one case, and progressed in four cases. Two cases were recent and follow-up was not available in two other cases. Three @entity1 died of their @entity262 with resolution, improvement, and progression of lesions, respectively. All lesions were characterized histologically by a proliferation of capillaries in the dermis, with variably diffuse (seven cases), lobular (six cases), or mixed lobular and diffuse patterns (two cases). There was marked intercase and intracase heterogeneity in histologic features. Common features included fibrin microthrombi (nine cases), reactive ( @entity9156 -like) dermal alterations (seven cases), and foci of epithelioid endothelium (four cases). Four of 10 cases tested showed positive immunohistochemical staining for @entity16102 latent nuclear antigen in lesional endothelial cell nuclei. This study suggests that @entity31106 has a broader clinicopathologic spectrum than previously described. The pathogenesis of this @entity395 is unknown, but it is likely that immunologic factors play a role.
