Effects of photobiostimulation on @entity4 and XXXX induced by Bothrops moojeni venom.

@entity1899 @entity548 @entity3145 @entity19 @entity4
Antivenom (AV) treatment has been ineffective in neutralizing the severe local fast-developing @entity3145 following snake-bite envenoming. We studied the effectiveness of low-level laser (LLL) and light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation alone or in combination with AV in reducing local @entity4 formation and @entity548 induced by Bothrops moojeni venom ( @entity1899 ) in @entity19 . @entity4 formation was induced by injection of 1  g per paw of @entity1899 into the right paw and was evaluated before and at several intervals after @entity1899 intraplantar injection. @entity548 activity was evaluated after intradermal injection of 20  g of @entity1899 by measuring the diameter of the hemorrhagic area on the inner side of the skin. The site of @entity1899 injection was irradiated by LLL or LED 30 min after @entity1899 inoculation. AV was also administered intravenously 30 min after @entity1899 injection. Irradiation with LLL at a wavelength of 685 nm and a dose of 2.2 J/cm(2) and with a red LED and an infrared LED at wavelengths of 635 nm and 945 nm, respectively, and a dose of 4 J/cm(2) reduced @entity4 formation and @entity548 induced by @entity1899 (p < 0.05). The combined AV and LLL or LED treatment showed the same reduction as LLL or LED irradiation separately. In conclusion, both LLL and LED irradiation reduced venom-induced local effects even though symptoms were already present. Thus, the effect of phototherapy in reducing local effects induced by @entity1899 may be clinically relevant.
