Nonsurgical management of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity5990 @entity2963 @entity6741 @entity158
@entity2963 is a common disease in the United States associated with significant morbidity. Surgical treatment with cholecystectomy has been increasing with a significant cost to the health care system. Surgical management is not without risk. Cholecystectomy has also been associated with a significant morbidity and mortality in elderly @entity1 . Cholecystectomies are often performed unnecessarily in @entity5990 @entity1 for nonspecific symptoms. Many @entity1 with nonspecific @entity158 , which may have a psychogenic component, continue to experience similar @entity158 after cholecystectomy. There are problems in determining the symptom status of @entity1 . @entity1 who believe surgery will relieve symptoms may maximize their symptoms, whereas @entity1 who are reluctant to undergo surgery may minimize their symptoms. Although cholecystectomy is the mainstay of @entity5990 treatment, @entity6741 therapy and, if available, ESWL and topical dissolution are nonsurgical treatment alternatives in selected @entity1 . In selected cases, in particular in the elderly and in other @entity1 at increased risk from surgery, nonsurgical management offers lower morbidity and mortality than does operative treatment. The decision for surgical versus nonsurgical management should be based on both objective selection criteria and @entity1 choice.
