Root cultures of Hypericum perforatum subsp. angustifolium elicited with chitosan and production of XXXX -rich extracts with antifungal activity.

@entity1 @entity52466 @entity1327 @entity43765 @entity21234 @entity51028
Hypericum perforatum is a well-known medicinal plant which contains a wide variety of metabolites, including @entity51028 , which have a wide range of biological properties, including antifungal activity. In the present study, we evaluated the capability of roots regenerated from calli of H. perforatum subsp. angustifolium to produce @entity51028 . Root biomass was positively correlated with the @entity21234 concentration, whereas a concentration of 1 mg l(-1) was the most suitable for the development of roots. High @entity52466 concentrations also inhibited @entity43765 accumulation. @entity51028 were produced in large amounts, with a very stable trend throughout the culture period. When the roots were treated with chitosan, the @entity43765 content dramatically increased, peaking after 7 days. Chitosan also induced a release of these metabolites into the culture. The maximum accumulation (14.26    0.62 mg g(-1) dry weight [DW]) and release (2.64    0.13 mg g(-1) DW) of @entity51028 were recorded 7 days after treatment. The most represented @entity51028 were isolated, purified, and spectroscopically characterized. Antifungal activity of the total root extracts was tested against a broad panel of @entity1 fungal pathogen strains (30 Candida species, 12 @entity1327 , and 16 dermatophytes); this activity significantly increased when using chitosan. Extracts obtained after 7 days of chitosan treatment showed high antifungal activity (mean minimum inhibitory concentration of 83.4, 39.1, and 114  g ml(-1) against Candida spp., @entity1327 , and dermatophytes, respectively). Our results suggest that root cultures can be considered as a potential tool for large-scale production of extracts with stable quantities of @entity51028 .
