Immunological findings in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity650 @entity788 @entity3647 @entity404 @entity656 @entity5750 @entity1689 @entity1050 @entity379 @entity2902 @entity1199 @entity3646 @entity688 @entity405
BACKGROUND: In order to identify the role of mononuclear cells in @entity788 , the immune picture at the cellular level has been studied. The cytokine production at the individual cell level in response to in vitro stimulation can help in identifying the percentage of specific cell types producing a particular cytokine. METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 with @entity656 ( @entity656 ; n = 15) and @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ; n = 15) were entered into the study and peripheral blood samples were drawn at the time of admission. A control group of 12 healthy individuals (age and sex matched) were also included in the study. Mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood from all three groups were separated on Ficoll gradient and labelled for surface antigens (i.e. cluster of differentiation ( @entity1050 )3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2902 , @entity5750 and human leucocyte antigen D receptor (HLA-DR)) using monoclonal antibodies. The CD3+ and @entity5750 + cells were also stained for intracellular cytokines by specific monoclonal antibodies (i.e. for @entity379 , interleukin (IL)-2, @entity3646 _ @entity688 in CD3+ cells and @entity650 and IL-12 in @entity5750 + cells). These fluorochrome-labelled cells were analysed on the flow cytometer. RESULTS: The T-cell population is affected in @entity788 where the @entity404 + and @entity405 + T-cell numbers are significantly altered. There is a marked reduction in @entity404 + T cells in @entity656 and @entity1689 . The @entity405 + T cells were significantly reduced in @entity656 . The @entity3647 is expressed in large numbers in @entity656 and @entity1689 @entity1 groups. The T cells from the @entity1689 group had a typical @entity1199 , @entity3646 secreting pattern, while @entity656 @entity1 had a high @entity688 , @entity379 and low @entity1199 , @entity3646 population. The HLA-DR expression on monocytes differed significantly between the two groups, being strikingly reduced in chronic cases and significantly reduced in acute cases. The percentage of @entity650 -producing monocytes was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity656 as well as @entity1689 while IL-12 levels were higher in the @entity1689 than in the @entity656 group. CONCLUSIONS: T cells in @entity1689 are polarized towards the T-helper (Th)1 phenotype while the @entity656 @entity1 had a mixed population. This seems to be a part of immune deviation that is associated with development of @entity1689 and IL-12 appears to be instrumental in this process. The monocytes synthesize proinflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in the local and systemic consequences of the disease. In the disease clinical assessment such a study can provide useful information about the involvement of the immuno-inflammatory system.
