Experimental thermoradiotherapy in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity96 @entity5 @entity7283 @entity35 @entity157 @entity99 @entity221
PURPOSE: The @entity1 liver is known to be a relatively radiosensitive organ that develops clinically relevant late @entity99 subsequent to whole liver treatment with total doses above 30 Gy in conventional fractionation. Experimental data, as well as clinical series, have demonstrated that @entity221 of solid @entity5 in addition to radiotherapy enhances @entity5 growth inhibition and @entity5 control probability. We therefore developed an experimental model for combined radiotherapy and @entity221 of the liver in transplantable @entity35 Morris @entity157 3924A. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cube of approximately 8 mm(3) was implanted subcapsularly into the middle liver lobe of 59 male syngenic ACI @entity35 weighing approximately 180-200 g. On Day 16 after @entity5 implantation, irradiation of the @entity96 with either 0 Gy/25 Gy/35 Gy/45 Gy total dose in 10 fractions +/- @entity221 (target temperature 40-42 degrees C) twice a week was initiated. Energy deposition was monitored by temperature probes in the liver and esophagus of the @entity35 . Determination of @entity5 volume with magnetic resonance imaging was performed 2 to 5 weeks after the end of therapy. The @entity5 growth rates could be estimated for 44 @entity35 . If the growth rate was positive (37 @entity35 ), the inverse of the growth rate was interpreted as the time to 10-fold @entity5 volume. Otherwise the maximum observation time was considered as a censored value in a parametric survival analysis. RESULTS: Intrahepatic temperature probes showed a temperature plateau of greater than 40 degrees C after 5 to 8 min subsequent to initiation of @entity221 . The target temperatures could be maintained for at least 22 min > or =40 degrees C and 10 min > or =41 degrees C, respectively. Median plateau temperature in liver, esophagus, and epicutaneously was 41.2 degrees C (standard deviation [SD] 0.7 degrees C; range 38.2 to 43.3 degrees C), 40.4 degrees C (SD 1.08 degrees C; range 38.9 to 41.8 degrees C), and 40.8 degrees C (SD 0.8 degrees C; range 38.2 to 42.7 degrees C), respectively. Elevation of the temperature in the esophagus correlated with intrahepatic temperatures in the range of 39-42 degrees C, r = 0.957. The increase in time to 10-fold @entity5 volume for each step of irradiation dosage was by 34% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20% to 49%) without @entity221 and by 60% (95% CI 47% to 80%) with @entity221 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Treatment outcome after experimental percutaneous thermoradiotherapy in @entity7283 3924A was related to total dose of irradiation and concurrently administered regional @entity221 . An increased radiosensitivity due to @entity221 (<42 degrees C) has to be assumed.
