Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage XXXX in @entity19 via computed tomography imaging.

@entity32 @entity5 @entity4 @entity19 @entity26 @entity855
Due to their high X-ray attenuation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged as preclinical contrast agents by giving high vasculature contrast. For this reason, GNPs are regularly applied for computed tomography (CT) imaging of @entity5 but not for the visualization of @entity32 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and applicability of preclinical GNPs (AuroVist   ) of two different sizes (1.9 nm and 15 nm) for the detection of @entity32 -associated phagocytes in early-stage @entity4 . Both GNP variants were stable under in vitro conditions and achieved high micro-CT (mCT) contrast after embedment into agarose. Fifteen-nanometer GNPs were detected after uptake into macrophages via mCT imaging exhibiting higher X-ray contrast than cells treated with 1.9 nm GNPs and untreated ones. Both 1.9 nm and 15 nm GNPs exhibited good biocompatibility on @entity19 macrophages according to @entity855 and cellular dehydrogenase levels. Reactive @entity26 species levels produced by phagocytic cells decreased significantly (P <=0.05) after co-incubation with GNPs regardless of the size of the nanoparticle (NP) in comparison to untreated control cells. In vivo mCT studies of @entity32 imaging revealed that GNPs with a diameter of 15 nm accumulated within subcutaneous @entity4 2 hours after injection with a maximum signaling 8 hours postinjection and could be detected up to 48 hours within the @entity4 region. In contrast, 1.9 nm GNPs were not shown to accumulate at the site of the @entity32 region and were mostly excreted via the renal system 2-4 hours after injection. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that both GNP variants (1.9 nm and 15 nm) were stable and biocompatible under in vitro conditions. However, only 15 nm NPs have the potential as contrast agent for phagocyte labeling and applications in CT imaging of @entity32 on a cellular level.
