Do @entity1 with XXXX who have social and flexibility difficulties really have @entity2438 ? A case series.

@entity1 @entity6426 @entity73 @entity448 @entity2438 @entity72 @entity1277 @entity148 @entity2613 @entity302 @entity3119 @entity1742 @entity5545
BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) have @entity73 and difficulties with flexibility. It is unclear to what extent these are manifestations of an underlying @entity72 ( @entity72 ); or whether they are instead the consequence of starvation, @entity148 , low mood or @entity3119 , all of which are highly prevalent in @entity1277 . The resolution of this clinically and theoretically important uncertainty will require the use of gold-standard @entity72 assessment measures. To date these have not been employed in @entity2613 research. This case series is the first report of a well-validated, direct-observational measure of @entity72 , the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), being administered to @entity1 with @entity1277 . We aimed to learn about the feasibility of the ADOS in this population, and to contribute to debates about whether a sub-group with @entity1277 really have @entity72 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 (mean age   =   26.4  years, range   =   19 to 38  years) who had a suspected @entity72 due to social and flexibility difficulties and were receiving treatment for @entity2613 (seven @entity448 , two @entity2613 not otherwise specified, one @entity6426 ) at a specialist service (four inpatient, six outpatient) received an ADOS Module 4 assessment. RESULTS: All 10 @entity1 completed all activities of the ADOS Module 4. Five scored in the @entity72 range on the ADOS diagnostic algorithm. An additional two were judged likely to have @entity72 , even though they scored below the ADOS's diagnostic threshold. This was on the basis of clinical observation, @entity1 self-report and parent report. The seven @entity1 who we estimated to have @entity72 all reported @entity2438 prior to the onset of their @entity2613 . They commonly described longstanding non-autistic neurodevelopmental problems, including @entity5545 , @entity1742 and @entity302 . Only one had a childhood diagnosis of @entity72 . CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with @entity1277 who present with social and flexibility difficulties may have an unrecognised @entity72 , indicated by a constellation of @entity2438 that appears to predate the onset of their eating problems. The ADOS is a useful component of an @entity72 assessment for adult @entity1 with @entity2613 .
