[Endoscopy in XXXX ].

@entity1 @entity3883 @entity409 @entity1608 @entity1448 @entity255
The spectrum of causes of @entity1448 ranges from microscopically recognizable damage to the parenchymal cells of the @entity409 choledochus und papilla Vateri. Liver biopsy on the one hand and ERCP on the other therefore constitute the morphological methods that come closest to the pathological substrate. Obligatory sonography serves the restriction of diagnosis to a large extent. Laparoscopy is nearly always dispensable. Even in case of liver biopsy the therapeutic consequences should have an influence. Consequently, for transpapillary endoscopic methods in @entity3883 it is essential to remove the obstruction (papillotomy and extraction of the @entity1608 or nasobiliary probe or intraluminal tube) if possible in one and the same session. The purely diagnostic ERC possibly causes @entity255 in mechanical icterus. Transpapillary and percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic methods are becoming more and more sophisticated and new indications are being discovered. However, the results of sonography and endoscopy in @entity3883 depend very much on the equipment available and experience of the investigator. He should realistically estimate what he is able to do as well as the @entity1 ' chances of recovery. In addition he should maintain contact to large departments of surgery and endoscopy.
