Current Treatment Options for Recurrent or Metastatic XXXX .

@entity1 @entity137 @entity7425 @entity213 @entity470 @entity1082 @entity4149 @entity902 @entity1487
UNASSIGNED: This review highlights the evidence-based data to support current best management practices for @entity1 with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Current limitations and areas of emerging therapeutics are also emphasized. The cornerstone of palliation for @entity1 with R/M @entity213 is a @entity902 -based backbone. @entity902 doublets induce higher response rates than single agents but do not demonstrate a survival advantage and are associated with increased @entity137 . The only regimen to demonstrate survival superiority is @entity902 , @entity1487 , and cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the @entity470 ( @entity470 ). @entity470 inhibitors, including monoclonal antibodies and @entity4149 kinase inhibitors, have achieved only modest success in R/M @entity213 , illustrating the importance of identifying predictive biomarkers and finding ways to overcome mechanisms of resistance. Although @entity7425 3-kinase pathway alterations are present at a high rate in @entity213 , the identification of efficacious agents in @entity1 with activating alterations has yet to be discovered. Immunotherapy represents an attractive treatment strategy for R/M @entity213 , with promising preliminary data from studies involving immune checkpoint blockade and toll-like receptor agonists. @entity1082 has a prognostic role in R/M disease; therefore, stratification of @entity1 by @entity1082 status in clinical trials is indicated. Although under-represented in clinical trials, elderly @entity1 experience similar survival outcomes compared with younger @entity1 , albeit with increased @entity137 . Despite therapeutic advances, prognosis nonetheless remains poor for @entity1 with R/M @entity213 . Enrollment of @entity1 onto clinical trials to investigate novel therapeutics and identify predictive biomarkers is necessary to further refine and improve outcomes.
