Beer and wine consumption and risk of knee or XXXX : a case control study.

@entity1 @entity571 @entity570
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and knee or @entity570 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of Caucasian @entity1 and @entity1 aged 45 to 86 years of age from Nottingham, UK. Cases had clinically severe symptoms and radiographic knee or hip @entity571 ; controls had no symptoms and no radiographic knee or hip @entity571 . Exposure information was sought using interview-based questionnaires and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess beverage consumption at ages 21 to 50 years. Odds ratios (ORs), adjusted ORs (aORs), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and P values were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 1,001 knee @entity571 , 993 hip @entity571 and 933 control @entity1 were included in the study. Increasing beer consumption was associated with an increasing risk of @entity571 (P for trend <=0.001). Compared to those who did not consume beer, aORs for @entity1 who consumed 20 or more servings of beer were 1.93 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.94) and 2.15 (95% CI 1.45 to 3.19) for knee @entity571 and hip @entity571 , respectively. In contrast, increasing levels of wine consumption were associated with decreased likelihood of knee @entity571 (P for trend<0.001). Compared to those who did not consume wine, aOR for knee @entity571 among those who consumed 4 to 6 glasses of wine per week and >= 7 glasses of wine per week was 0.55 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.87) and 0.48 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.80), respectively. No association was identified between non-alcoholic beverages and knee or hip @entity571 . CONCLUSIONS: Beer consumption appears to be a risk factor for knee and hip @entity571 whereas consumption of wine has a negative association with knee @entity571 . The mechanism behind these findings is speculative but warrants further study.
