@entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, XXXX , @entity1420 , @entity4090 , and B-scan ultrasound monitoring of complications in early pregnancy.

@entity1 @entity6677 @entity7807 @entity1420 @entity53 @entity4090 @entity2099
In a prospective study of @entity1 in the first trimester who were at risk for recurrent abortion, data from 20 pregnancies with normal outcomes were contrasted with those of 9 pregnancies that aborted spontaneously between 7 and 12 weeks. In pregnancies in which an embryo was present before abortion, the mean concentrations of @entity1 @entity7807 ( @entity7807 ) were low with a steady decline in @entity1420 levels, whereas @entity53 (E2) and @entity4090 concentrations approximated those in normal pregnancies. With growth disorganization, mean @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 levels were significantly lower than normal. In 87.5% of @entity2099 , conclusive evidence of this disorder was obtained with ultrasound monitoring. Subnormal levels of @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 were observed in 88.9, 100, and 57.1%, respectively. The karyotype was abnormal in 80% of @entity2099 successfully cultured. The normal production of E2 appeared dependent on the presence of the embryo in the first trimester of pregnancy. Endocrine failure of the trophoblast and/or the corpus luteum in embryopathic pregnancy is suggested by diminished @entity7807 and @entity1420 concentrations. Serial ultrasound scanning and hormone assay, particularly of @entity7807 and E2, may be useful in assessing pregnancy at risk for recurrent abortion. However, because subnormal hormone levels may occur relatively late in the clinical course of @entity6677 , ultrasound scanning may yield more useful results as compared with hormone assay. Further studies are required to define more clearly the mechanisms of endocrine failure in embryopathic pregnancy.
