XXXX , Smoking, Physical Activity, Protein, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Prospective Longitudinal Cohort.

@entity1 @entity285
PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for deterioration of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in elderly @entity1 in a community-based, prospective longitudinal cohort study. METHODS: In a suburban area in Korea, 1,514 subjects aged >= 45 years were randomly selected by systematic sampling. A total of 918 elderly subjects were enrolled in this in-depth clinical study in 2004. Of these, 547 @entity1 were followed up for 3 years and the data was analyzed in 2014. Standard questionnaires were administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. After excluding @entity1 , 224 male @entity1 with complete data including transrectal ultrasonography were included in the final analysis. LUTS were diagnosed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. Symptom deterioration was defined as a score of >= 8 points during the 3-year follow-up period. RESULTS: LUTS prevalence increased to 13.1% and the mean IPSS increased by 2.6 points during the 3-year period. After adjusting for confounders, a smoking history of >= 50 pack-years was an independent risk factor for deterioration of LUTS and storage subsymptoms compared with no history of smoking (3.1 and 5.1 odds, respectively). Physical activity had a protective effect on voiding subsymptoms. However, high protein diet and @entity285 intake were not associated with LUTS deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: The LUTS prevalence among elderly @entity1 living in a suburban area increased to 13.1% and the IPSS increased by 2.6 points during the 3-year period. A history of heavy smoking, low physical activity, and high protein intake were associated with LUTS deterioration. However, there was no significant association between @entity285 intake and LUTS deterioration.
