Dose-Dependent Mutation Rates Determine Optimum @entity3866 Dosing Strategies for @entity470 Mutant XXXX @entity1 .

@entity1 @entity5 @entity470 @entity1149 @entity2213 @entity3866 @entity1860
BACKGROUND: The advent of targeted therapy for @entity5 treatment has brought about a paradigm shift in the clinical management of @entity1 @entity5 . Agents such as @entity3866 used for @entity470 -mutant @entity1149 or @entity2213 for @entity1860 , for instance, lead to rapid @entity5 responses. Unfortunately, however, resistance often emerges and renders these agents ineffective after a variable amount of time. The FDA-approved dosing schedules for these drugs were not designed to optimally prevent the emergence of resistance. To this end, we have previously utilized evolutionary mathematical modeling of treatment responses to elucidate the dosing schedules best able to prevent or delay the onset of resistance. Here we expand on our approaches by taking into account dose-dependent mutation rates at which resistant cells emerge. The relationship between the serum drug concentration and the rate at which resistance mutations arise can lead to non-intuitive results about the best dose administration strategies to prevent or delay the emergence of resistance. METHODS: We used mathematical modeling, available clinical trial data, and different considerations of the relationship between mutation rate and drug concentration to predict the effectiveness of different dosing strategies. RESULTS: We designed several distinct measures to interrogate the effects of different treatment dosing strategies and found that a low-dose continuous strategy coupled with high-dose pulses leads to the maximal delay until clinically observable resistance. Furthermore, the response to treatment is robust against different assumptions of the mutation rate as a function of drug concentration. CONCLUSIONS: For new and existing targeted drugs, our methodology can be employed to compare the effectiveness of different dose administration schedules and investigate the influence of changing mutation rates on outcomes.
