Pathological findings and diagnostic implications of a @entity2608 (Macacca mulatta) model of aerosol-exposure to XXXX (glanders).

@entity1 @entity55 @entity17499 @entity281 @entity2608
UNASSIGNED: @entity17499 is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes a @entity55 known as glanders in equids and @entity1 and a lymphatic infection known as farcy, primarily in equids. With the potential to infect @entity1 by the respiratory route, aerosol exposure can result in severe, occasionally fatal, @entity55 . Today, @entity281 in @entity1 are rare, likely due to less frequent contact with infected equids than in the past. Acutely ill @entity1 often have nonspecific clinical signs and in order to diagnose cases, especially in scenarios of multiple cases in an unexpected setting, rapid diagnostics for @entity17499 may be critical. The pathogenesis of acute glanders in the @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) was studied as an initial effort to improve diagnostic methods. In the study described here, the diagnostic techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture, and histopathology were compared. The results indicate that PCR may provide rapid, non-invasive diagnosis of glanders in some cases. As expected, PCR results were positive in lung tissue in 11 of 12 acutely infected @entity2608 , but more importantly in terms of diagnostic algorithm development, PCR results were frequently positive in non-invasive samples such as broncho-alveolar lavage or nasal swabs (7/12) and occasionally in blood (3/12). On the other hand, conventional bacterial culture failed to recover bacteria in many of these samples. The study shows that the clinical presentation of aerosol exposed @entity2608 is similar to descriptions of @entity1 glanders and that PCR has potential for rapid diagnosis of outbreaks, if not individual cases.
