Effect of tactile stimulation on lingual motor function in pediatric XXXX .

@entity1 @entity154 @entity409 @entity1282
There is a scarcity of empirical evidence on effective treatments of swallowing dysfunction in young @entity1 who do not suck or swallow. There is no literature testing the effects of shaping a reflex or specifically shaping a swallow reflex. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate and isolate the specific regional mechanical functions of the tongue during swallowing. This study included 45 @entity1 who did not swallow because of @entity154 and @entity409 before and after corrective surgery and had histories of unsuccessful traditional feeding therapies. Evaluation included clinical gastroenterologic, nutritional, and neurologic examination, routine laboratory tests, and radiologic swallowing studies. A ten-year study analyzed the behavioral science procedures shaping both a swallow reflex and lingual surface geometry. Treatment variables were (1) a tactile stimulus to the posterior tongue and (2) sequential tactile stimuli to varied locations on the lingual surface. There were significant differences in lingual responses for all @entity1 who were transferred from artificial feedings to independent prototypical swallowing capability and acquired oral consumption of recommended daily hydration and nutrition in 5-7 days of treatment. The initial tactile stimulus and six-level sequential stimuli resulted in six sequential lingual responses within each wavelike swallow reflex. Results of stimuli shaping varied lingual responses across 45 @entity1 with severe multiple medical and anatomical deficits in swallowing, suggest that the etiology was not relevant in this population. These behavioral science approaches are novel treatment for pediatric @entity1282 .
