Apoptosis and XXXX induced by cyclic mechanical stretching in alveolar type II cells.

@entity39 @entity3371 @entity133 @entity651 @entity534 @entity880 @entity35
@entity133 ( @entity133 ) cells are exposed to mechanical stretch during breathing and mechanical ventilation. Increased stretch may contribute to @entity651 . The influence of three stretching patterns (characterized by frequency [min(-1)] - increase in surface area [%]: S40-13, S60-13, S40-30) on parameters of apoptosis, @entity39 , and membrane integrity of @entity35 @entity133 cells was compared with that in static cultures. The S40-13 stretching pattern simulated normal breathing. The other patterns were chosen to study increased amplitude and frequency. There were no significant differences between the S40-13 group and static cultures. @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release and early apoptotic cells were significantly increased in S60-13 and S40-30 in comparison with static cultures (LDH: 0.089 +/- 0.014 microg/ml and 0.177 +/- 0.050 microg/ml versus 0.050 +/- 0.011 microg/ml; early apoptosis: 17 +/- 3.5% and 23 +/- 3.1% versus 9.7 +/- 1.4%) at 24 h. Necrosis was significantly increased only in the S40-30 group (13 +/- 2.4% versus 6.1 +/- 0.9% in static culture at 24 h). @entity3371 as well as @entity534 prevented apoptosis and reduced apoptotic cells to static culture levels in the S40-30 group, but did not influence @entity39 and LDH release. Increased mechanical stretch may contribute to @entity651 by induction of apoptosis and @entity39 in @entity133 cells. Apoptosis induced by high-amplitude mechanical stretch is prevented by @entity3371 and @entity534 .
