Insulin-like growth factors and XXXX .

@entity172 @entity0 @entity5 @entity442 @entity10116 @entity2124 @entity2856
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system performs multiple functions in normal tissue. IGFs are involved in normal mammary gland development, but have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity0 . Epidemiological studies found an association between elevated serum levels of @entity442 and an increased risk for @entity0 . @entity442 is the major mediator of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) action. On the cellular level, @entity442 has a strong influence on cell proliferation and it is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. Further, IGFs are also involved in angiogenesis. These characteristics are the basis for their involvement in maintenance and progression of @entity5 . The functions of @entity442 are mainly mediated through the type-I IGF-receptor ( @entity2856 ). The availability of free @entity442 for interaction with @entity2856 is modulated by IGF binding proteins ( @entity10116 -6). Based on interactions with other receptors, including @entity172 and epidermal growth factor receptors, combined targeted therapies may improve @entity0 treatment.
