Heparan @entity597 proteoglycans undergo differential expression alterations in right sided XXXX , depending on their metastatic character.

@entity71191 @entity5 @entity42693 @entity39994 @entity71192 @entity14 @entity13221 @entity3 @entity597
BACKGROUND: Heparan @entity597 proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex molecules involved in the growth, invasion and metastatic properties of cancerous cells. This study analyses the alterations in the expression patterns of these molecules in right sided @entity14 ( @entity14 ), both metastatic and non-metastatic. METHODS: Twenty right sided CRCs were studied. A transcriptomic approach was used, employing qPCR to analyze both the expression of the enzymes involved in heparan @entity597 (HS) chains biosynthesis, as well as the proteoglycan core proteins. Since some of these proteoglycans can also carry chondroitin @entity597 (CS) chains, we include the study of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these glycosaminoglycans. Immunohistochemical techniques were also used to analyze tissue expression of particular genes showing significant expression differences, of potential interest. RESULTS: Changes in proteoglycan core proteins differ depending on their location; those located intracellularly or in the extracellular matrix show very similar alteration patterns, while those located on the cell surface vary greatly depending on the nature of the @entity5 : glypicans 1, 3, 6 and betaglycan are affected in the non-metastatic @entity5 , whereas in the metastatic, only @entity39994 and @entity13221 are modified, the latter showing opposing alterations in levels of RNA and of protein, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation in these @entity5 . Furthermore, in non-metastatic @entity5 , polymerization of glycosaminoglycan chains is modified, particularly affecting the synthesis of the @entity42693 linker and the initiation and elongation of CS chains, HS chains being less affected. Regarding the enzymes responsible for the modificaton of the HS chains, alterations were only found in non-metastatic @entity5 , affecting N-sulfation and the isoforms @entity71191 , HS3ST3B and @entity71192 . In contrast, synthesis of the CS chains suggests changes in epimerization and sulfation of the C4 and C2 in both types of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Right sided CRCs show alterations in the expression of HSPGs, including the expression of the cell surface core proteins, many glycosiltransferases and some enzymes that modify the HS chains depending on the metastatic nature of the @entity5 , resulting more affected in non-metastatic ones. However, matrix proteoglycans and enzymes involved in CS fine structure synthesis are extensively modified independetly of the presence of lymph node @entity3 .
