Morbidity impact of XXXX on society.

@entity1 @entity309 @entity158
Classic and definite @entity309 affects from 0.5 to 1 percent of the United States' population between the ages of 20 and 80. In the age group of 55 to 75 years, this figure increases to 4.5 percent. In addition to the @entity158 and suffering produced by this disease, family structure is dramatically affected--the divorce rate for @entity1 with @entity309 is 70 percent above that for the general population. @entity309 also results in serious economic loss to society. In 1983, the direct cost (out-of-pocket expense for medical care) was  777 million, and the indirect cost (loss of productivity) was  215 million, with a total of approximately  1 billion. The average @entity1 with stage III @entity309 suffers a 60 percent decline in earnings during the first six years after onset of the disease. Recent studies have indicated that the ability to remain employed depends at least as much on job-related factors as on the extent of disease or success of medical treatment. Job autonomy or the ability to control one's working conditions is the most important factor. Other important variables are education, seniority, and work that is not excessively physically demanding. Good transportation between home and job is also an essential requirement for remaining employed. There are few data available on the cost/benefit ratio of the treatment of @entity309 . An 18-month study showed a trend toward greater improvement in @entity1 given optimal care by a team of experts in a medical center as compared with average treatment provided in the community. A study in Scotland on cost of hospitalization of 366 @entity1 (about one half underwent surgery) showed cost benefits of xi 14,000 to xi 131,000 over a five- to 10-year period for those who returned to work. @entity1 who did not return to work incurred medical costs of xi 100,000. There is little question that more effective medical treatment and better rehabilitation strategies for @entity1 with @entity309 would provide significant benefits for @entity1 , their families, and society.
