Dietary XXXX supplementation modulates lipid metabolism via @entity3229 -dependent and -independent mechanisms.

@entity3724 @entity3229 @entity3093 @entity19 @entity1674 @entity412 @entity6400 @entity165
Intake of soy protein has been associated with improvements in lipid metabolism, with much attention being focused on the serum @entity165 -lowering property of soy. The component or components of soy that are responsible for improvements in lipid metabolism have been investigated and their specific actions debated. One component, the @entity6400 , has been shown to have weak estrogenic activity, and recently, several research groups have suggested that @entity6400 are activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The three different isoforms of PPARs (alpha, gamma, and delta) have overlapping tissue distributions and functions associated with lipid metabolism. The goal of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of @entity6400 is mediated through the @entity3229 receptor. Male and female 129/Sv @entity19 were obtained, including both wild-type and genetically altered @entity3229 knockout @entity19 . Groups of @entity19 were fed high-fat atherogenic diets containing soy protein +/- @entity6400 and @entity3229 agonist @entity3724 for 6 wk. At the end of 6 wk, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with hepatic gene expression. Most notably, serum @entity1674 were reduced by @entity3093 consumption. Compared with intake of a low- @entity3093 basal diet, @entity3093 intake reduced serum @entity412 levels by 36 and 52% in female and male wild-type @entity19 , respectively, compared with 55 and 52% in @entity3724 -treated @entity19 . @entity6400 also improved serum @entity412 levels in knockout @entity19 , whereas @entity3724 did not, suggesting that two different regulatory mechanisms may be affected by @entity3093 intake. @entity3093 intake resembled action of @entity3724 on @entity3229 -regulated gene expression, although less robustly compared with @entity3724 . We suggest that, at the levels consumed in this study, @entity3093 intake is altering lipid metabolism in a manner consistent with activation of @entity3229 and also via a @entity3229 -independent mechanism as well.
