Characterization of the HCMV-Specific XXXX T Cell Responses that Are Associated with Protective Immunity.

@entity1 @entity404 @entity1198 @entity4538 @entity465 @entity281 @entity1199 @entity3646 @entity405
Most @entity1 become infected with @entity4538 ). Typically, the immune system controls the @entity281 , but the virus persists and can reactivate in states of @entity465 . While substantial information is available on the contribution of @entity405 T cells and antibodies to anti-HCMV immunity, studies of the @entity1198 , TH2, and TH17 subsets have been limited by the low frequency of HCMV-specific @entity404 T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Using the enzyme-linked Immunospotr assay (ELISPOT) that excels in low frequency measurements, we have established these in a sizable cohort of healthy HCMV controllers. Cytokine recall responses were seen in all seropositive donors. Specifically, interferon (IFN)- and/or interleukin (IL)-17 were seen in isolation or with @entity3646 in all test subjects. @entity3646 recall did not occur in isolation. While the ratios of @entity1198 , TH2, and TH17 cells exhibited substantial variations between different individuals these ratios and the frequencies were relatively stable when tested in samples drawn up to five years apart. IFN- and @entity1199 co-expressing polyfunctional cells were seen in most subjects. Around half of the HCMV-specific @entity404 cells were in a reversible state of exhaustion. The data provided here established the @entity1198 , TH2, and TH17 characteristic of the @entity404 cells that convey immune protection for successful immune surveillance against which reactivity can be compared when the immune surveillance of HCMV fails.
