High Prevalence of XXXX and @entity2690 Resistance in @entity645 -infected Prepubertal African Children on Antiretroviral Therapy.

@entity1 @entity404 @entity14027 @entity2299 @entity1674 @entity2690 @entity645 @entity1735 @entity488 @entity412 @entity5195 @entity880 @entity3388 @entity413 @entity165
BACKGROUND: Data describing the true extent of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced @entity2299 and @entity2690 resistance in perinatally infected @entity1 on ART in Africa are sparse. METHODS: Fasting total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), @entity1674 , @entity2690 and @entity413 were performed on the first 100 of 190 pediatric ART clinic attendees. Diet assessment was performed by a trained dietician. @entity3388 was formally graded by consensus between 2 expert @entity645 pediatricians. Durations of previous ART exposures, clinical stage, pre-ART viral load, nadir and current @entity404 were recorded. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed on a subset of 42 @entity1 selected semi-randomly. RESULTS: Prevalences of @entity2690 resistance, abnormal total @entity165 , LDL, HDL and @entity412 were 10%, 13%, 12%, 13% and 9%, respectively. Overall, 40% had at least 1 lipid abnormality or @entity2690 resistance. Adjusted mean LDL @entity165 increased by 0.24 mmol/L for each additional year of cumulative @entity5195 /r exposure (P = 0.03) after correcting for age, gender, body mass index, previous @entity14027 exposure, age at ART initiation, dietary fat and refined @entity1735 , whereas adjusted mean LDL @entity165 was 0.9 mmol/L higher in @entity1 exposed to efavirenz within the previous 6 months (P = 0.02). Adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed that greater trunk fat and lower peripheral subcutaneous fat were associated with elevated @entity1674 but not with total @entity165 , LDL, HDL or homeostatic model assessment. Similarly, the presence of visually obvious @entity3388 was associated with elevated @entity1674 but not with total @entity165 , LDL, HDL, homeostatic model assessment or @entity880 . CONCLUSIONS: Prevalences of @entity2690 resistance and @entity2299 were high. Cumulative @entity5195 is an independent risk factor for @entity2299 , with @entity488 exposure having only transitory effect.
