Altered Kinematics of Facial Emotion Expression and Emotion Recognition Deficits Are Unrelated in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity51 @entity191
BACKGROUND: Altered emotional processing, including reduced emotion facial expression and defective emotion recognition, has been reported in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). However, few studies have objectively investigated facial expression abnormalities in @entity191 using neurophysiological techniques. It is not known whether altered facial expression and recognition in @entity191 are related. OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible deficits in facial emotion expression and emotion recognition and their relationship, if any, in @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity191 and 16 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Facial expressions of emotion were recorded using a 3D optoelectronic system and analyzed using the facial action coding system. Possible deficits in emotion recognition were assessed using the Ekman test. @entity1 were assessed in one experimental session. Possible relationship between the kinematic variables of facial emotion expression, the Ekman test scores, and clinical and demographic data in @entity1 were evaluated using the Spearman's test and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The facial expression of all six basic emotions had slower velocity and lower amplitude in @entity1 in comparison to healthy controls (all Ps   <   0.05). @entity1 also yielded worse Ekman global score and disgust, sadness, and fear sub-scores than healthy controls (all Ps   <   0.001). Altered facial expression kinematics and emotion @entity51 were unrelated in @entity1 (all Ps   >   0.05). Finally, no relationship emerged between kinematic variables of facial emotion expression, the Ekman test scores, and clinical and demographic data in @entity1 (all Ps   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: The results in this study provide further evidence of altered emotional processing in @entity191 . The lack of any correlation between altered facial emotion expression kinematics and emotion @entity51 in @entity1 suggests that these abnormalities are mediated by separate pathophysiological mechanisms.
