Effect of putting grip on eye and XXXX during the golf putting @entity64 .

@entity64 @entity2953 @entity5494 @entity910 @entity717 @entity1319
The objective of this article is to determine the effect of three different putting grips (conventional, cross-hand, and one-handed) on variations in eye and @entity910 during the putting @entity64 . Seven volunteer novice players, ranging in age from 21 to 22 years, participated in the study. During each experimental session, the subject stood on a specially designed platform covered with artificial turf and putted golf balls towards a standard golf hole. The three different types of grips were tested at two distances: 3 and 9 ft. For each condition, 20 putts were attempted. For each putt, data were recorded over a 3-s interval at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Eye movements were recorded using a helmet-mounted eye movement monitor. @entity717 about an imaginary axis through the top of the head and its center-of-rotation was measured by means of a potentiometer mounted on a fixed frame and coupled to the helmet. Putter-head motion was measured using a linear array of infrared phototransistors embedded in the platform. The @entity5494 ( @entity5494 , relative to the initial level) was calculated for eye and @entity910 over the duration of the putt (i.e., from the beginning of the backstroke, through the forward @entity64 , to impact). The averaged @entity5494 for the attempted putts was calculated for each subject. Then, the averaged @entity2953 and other data for the seven subjects were statistically compared across the three grip conditions. The @entity1319 were greater (p < 0.1) for conventional than cross-hand (9 ft) and one-handed (3 and 9 ft) grips. Also, the @entity5494 of @entity910 were greater (p < 0.1; 3 ft) for conventional than cross-hand and one-handed grips. Vestibulo-ocular responses associated with @entity717 could be observed in many 9 ft and some 3 ft putts. The duration of the putt was significantly longer (p < 0.05; 3 and 9 ft) for the one-handed than conventional and cross-hand grips. Finally, performance, or percentage putts made, was significantly better (p < 0.05; 9 ft) for cross-hand than conventional grip. The smaller variations, both in eye movements during longer putts and @entity910 during shorter putts, using cross-hand and one-handed grips may explain why some golfers, based on their playing experience, prefer these over the conventional grip. Also, the longer duration for the one-handed grip, which improves tempo, may explain why some senior players prefer the long-shaft (effectively one-handed grip) putter.
