Recognition of @entity7568 by dendritic cells increases the cellular response in delayed XXXX to contrast media.

@entity1 @entity650 @entity1496 @entity7568 @entity2937 @entity1910 @entity1356 @entity310 @entity8730 @entity2936 @entity7938 @entity379 @entity56 @entity1199
BACKGROUND: Delayed reactions to @entity1496 contrast media (CM) account for 1-3% of @entity1 with adverse reactions to @entity1496 CM. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these reactions remain poorly documented. Although most of these reactions are T cell mediated, the involvement of dendritic cells (DC) has not been investigated sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the T cell response to @entity7568 requires DC as antigen-presenting cell and, more particularly, to evaluate the changes induced by @entity7568 on DC maturation and in vitro production of cytokines after drug stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1910 . METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes, immature monocyte-derived DC (imDC) and skin biopsies were obtained from @entity1 with delayed reactions to @entity7568 and tolerant subjects. We studied the consequences of the interaction between DC, lymphocytes and @entity7568 by phenotype analysis, proliferation and cytokine production. RESULTS: A T-cell-mediated reaction was evidenced in @entity1 biopsies, with a lymphocyte-rich, peri-vascular infiltrate. @entity7568 induced maturation of imDC from @entity1 but not from controls, with expression of the co-stimulatory markers @entity8730 , @entity2937 and @entity2936 and an increase in mean fluorescence intensity of @entity7938 , @entity2937 and HLA-DR. In the absence of DC, positive cell proliferation to @entity7568 was detected in only one @entity1 while the addition of DC produced a positive test in five of the six @entity1 . Similarly, the increase in cytokines ( @entity379 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity1356 and @entity310 ) was higher when imDC were introduced into the culture together with the culprit drug. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results provide evidence for a DC-mediated mechanism in delayed @entity56 to CM, influencing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. These new insights will be helpful for designing immunotherapeutic strategies and in vitro diagnostic tests of CM-delayed reactions.
