The Roles of @entity935 and XXXX in Reward: A Electroencephalographic Study.

@entity1 @entity935 @entity191 @entity2724 @entity1726 @entity18206 @entity942
The proper functioning of the mesolimbic reward system is largely dependent on the neurotransmitter @entity935 . Recent evidence suggests that the hypocretin system has significant projections to this reward system. We examined the distinct effects of reduced @entity935 or reduced hypocretin levels on reward activity in @entity1 with @entity191 , @entity935 deficient, as well as @entity1 with @entity2724 -cataplexy, hypocretin depleted, and healthy controls. @entity1 performed a simple game-like task while high-density electroencephalography was recorded. Topography and timing of event-related potentials for both reward cue, and reward feedback was examined across the entire dataset. While response to reward cue was similar in all groups, two distinct time points were found to distinguish @entity1 and controls for reward feedback. Around 160ms both @entity1 groups had reduced ERP amplitude compared to controls. Later at 250ms, both @entity1 groups also showed a clear event-related potential (ERP), which was absent in controls. The initial differences show that both @entity1 groups show a similar, blunted response to reward delivery. The second potential corresponds to the classic feedback-related negativity (FRN) potential which relies on @entity935 activity and reflects reward prediction-error signaling. In particular the mismatch between predicted reward and reward subsequently received was significantly higher in @entity1726 compared to NC, independent of reward magnitude and valence. The intermediate FRN response in NC highlights the contribution of @entity18206 in reward processing, yet also shows that this is not as detrimental to the reward system as in @entity191 . Furthermore, the inability to generate accurate predictions in NC may explain @entity942 mediates cataplexy triggered by both positive and negative emotions.
