Early Computed Tomography Frontal Abnormalities Predict Long-Term Neurobehavioral Problems But Not Affective Problems after Moderate to Severe XXXX .

@entity1545 @entity1 @entity131 @entity2122 @entity146
@entity146 are serious consequences of moderate to severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and have a negative impact on outcome. There may be two types: neurobehavioral problems, manifesting as inadequate social behavior resulting from prefrontal system damage, and affective @entity146 , resulting from emotional distress as a reaction to the @entity1545 . In the present study we investigated whether these two types of @entity146 , as indicated by proxies, could be distinguished in a group of chronic @entity131 @entity1 and whether early indicators of prefrontal damage on imaging could predict long-term neurobehavioral problems. Computed tomography (CT) imaging data on admission were used to identify frontal lesions. Three hundred twenty-three moderate to severe @entity131 survivors received 2 to 16 years post-trauma an aftercare survey with seven questions asking for changes in behavior and affect, presented both to @entity1 and their proxies. One hundred eighty-six @entity1 (59%) answered the behavioral questions; 42% had frontal lesions on CT. Ordinal common factor analysis on proxy scores yielded two factors, with behavior and affective items clearly separated and the anger item mediocre related to both factors. Three scales were created: Behavior, Affective and Anger. Frontal @entity1 scored significantly higher on the Behavior and Anger scales. Logistic regression analysis showed a fourfold increase of long-term neurobehavioral problems in @entity1 with frontal lesions. Long-term neurobehavioral problems were significantly correlated to one-year outcome and return to work in the long term. We conclude that in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity131 neurobehavioral and affective problems can be distinguished. Early @entity2122 predict long-term neurobehavioral problems, but not affective problems.
