XXXX : Technical Nuances in Surgical Management.

@entity1 @entity227 @entity304 @entity5 @entity51 @entity1653 @entity10
OBJECTIVE: @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) are rare @entity5 compared with @entity1653 . Optimal surgical management of @entity1653 is controversial. The objective of this article was to review the outcomes and complications of @entity1653 treated with various surgical approaches. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 18 @entity1 with @entity1653 who received different treatment strategies during the period 2000-2014. Of 18 @entity1 , 17 underwent microsurgical resection, and 1 @entity1 received Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The literature was reviewed to compare the present cohort with previously published series. RESULTS: In our series, 12 (70%) @entity1 underwent parieto-occipital craniotomy and a superior parietal gyrus approach, which was similar to procedures used in various series (74.4%) in the existing literature. Preoperatively, @entity1 commonly presented with @entity10 (65%) and @entity51 (70%). After surgical management, there was a significant @entity304 , including @entity10 (preoperative 65% vs. postoperative 6%, P  = 0.0001), and @entity51 (preoperative 70% vs. postoperative 5.5%). Preoperatively, 2 @entity1 experienced @entity227 , which was completely resolved after surgery. The Karnofsky performance scale was significantly improved after resection compared with before treatment (89 vs. 76, P  = 0.003). In 4 @entity1 with World Health Organization grade II @entity5 , redo surgery was required because of recurrence of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on a literature review and our experience, surgical approaches for @entity1 with IVM vary according to size, location, and laterality of the @entity1653 . In addition, the growth pattern of the @entity5 (transependymal extension), vascular supply of the @entity5 , and brain function (particularly visual function) can affect surgical treatment and should be identified preoperatively.
