Enriched environment confers resistance to @entity5212 and XXXX : involvement of @entity935 transporter and trophic factors.

@entity1 @entity5212 @entity9140 @entity19 @entity935 @entity16 @entity191 @entity9830 @entity2072 @entity2915 @entity179 @entity734
We investigated, in @entity19 , the influence of life experience on the vulnerability to @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ), a major neurotoxin that induces a @entity191 in @entity1 , and to @entity2072 , a potent psychostimulant that promotes @entity734 . Our findings show that adult C57BL/6 @entity19 raised in an enriched environment (EE) for only 2 months are significantly more resistant to both drugs compared with @entity19 raised in a standard environment (SE). Indeed, EE @entity19 showed @entity2915 in response to @entity2072 (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as a different pattern of @entity9830 expression in the striatum compared with SE @entity19 . After @entity5212 treatment, SE @entity19 showed a 75% loss of @entity935 neurons, whereas EE @entity19 showed only a 40% loss. The @entity935 transporter plays a key role in mediating the effects of both drugs. We thus investigated the regulation of its expression. EE @entity19 showed less @entity935 transporter binding in the striatum and less @entity935 transporter mRNA per @entity935 neuron at the cellular level as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In addition, enriched environment promoted an increase in the expression of @entity9140 in the striatum. These data provide a direct demonstration of the beneficial consequences that a positive environment has in preventing @entity179 and in decreasing responsiveness to @entity2072 . Furthermore, they suggest that the probability of developing @entity16 such as @entity191 or vulnerability to psychostimulants may be related to life experience.
