Hierarchical micro/nanostructured @entity702 with balanced actions to bacterial and XXXX cells for dental implants.

@entity1 @entity8209 @entity2653 @entity35 @entity575 @entity794 @entity281 @entity702
A versatile strategy to endow dental implants with long-term antibacterial ability without compromising the cytocompatibility is highly desirable to combat implant-related @entity281 . @entity575 nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been utilized as a highly effective and broad-spectrum antibacterial agent for surface modification of biomedical devices. However, the high mobility and subsequent hazardous effects of the particles on @entity1 cells may limit its practical applications. Thus, Ag NPs were immobilized on the surface of sand-blasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA) @entity702 by manipulating the @entity2653 heating effect of @entity575 plasma immersion ion implantation. The @entity575 plasma immersion ion implantation-treated SLA surface gave rise to both good antibacterial activity and excellent compatibility with @entity1 cells. The antibacterial activity rendered by the immobilized Ag NPs was assessed using @entity8209 and @entity794 , commonly suspected pathogens for peri-implant disease. The immobilized Ag NPs offered a good defense against multiple cycles of bacteria attack in both @entity8209 and @entity794 , and the mechanism was independent of @entity575 release. @entity8209 showed a higher susceptibility to Ag NPs than @entity794 , which might be explained by the presence of different wall structures. Moreover, the immobilized Ag NPs had no apparent toxic influence on the viability, proliferation, and differentiation of @entity35 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These results demonstrated that good bactericidal activity could be obtained with very small quantities of immobilized Ag NPs, which were not detrimental to the @entity1 cells involved in the osseointegration process, and promising for @entity702 -based dental implants with commercial SLA surfaces.
