A comparison of the XXXX of primary school-going orphans and non-orphans in Uganda.

@entity1 @entity146 @entity458 @entity716 @entity734
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the emotional and @entity146 of orphans in Rakai District, Uganda, and to suggest interventions. Studies, elsewhere, have shown orphans to have high levels of @entity458 . However, in Uganda such studies are limited and no specific interventions have been suggested. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional unmatched case control design to compare emotional and @entity146 of 210 randomly selected primary school-going orphans and 210 non-orphans using quantitative and qualitative methods employing standardized questionnaires, Focus Group discussions and selected Key Informant interviews. All @entity1 were administered Rutter's @entity1 's Teacher Administered Behavior Questionnaire to measure @entity458 and a modified version of Cooper's Self-Report Measure for Social Adjustment. Standardized psychiatric assessments were done on @entity1 scoring > 9 on the Rutter's Scale, using the WHO-ICD-10 diagnostic checklists. RESULTS: Both orphans and non-orphans had high levels of @entity458 as measured using Rutter's questionnaire but with no significant statistical difference between the two groups (Rutter score > 9; 45.1% _ 36.5% respectively; p= 0.10) and no major @entity146 such as @entity716 , major affective or organic mental syndromes. Psychological distress was associated with poor academic performance (p=0.00) in both groups. More orphans than non-orphans had more common emotional and @entity146 , e.g., more orphans reported finding "life unfair and difficult" (p=0.03); 8.3% orphans compared to 5.1 % of the non-orphans reported having had past suicidal wishes (p=0.30) and more reported past "forced @entity734 " (p=0.05). Lastly, the orphans' social functioning in the family rated significantly worse compared to the non-orphans (p= 0.05). Qualitatively, orphans, compared to non-orphans were described as "needy, sensitive, isolative with low confidence and self-esteem and who often lacked love, protection, identity, security, play, food and shelter." Most lived in big poor families with few resources, faced stigma and were frequently relocated. Community resources were inadequate. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, more orphans compared to non-orphans exhibited common emotional and @entity146 but no major @entity146 . Orphans were more likely to be emotionally needy, insecure, poor, exploited, abused, or neglected. Most lived in poverty with elderly widowed female caretakers. They showed high resilience in coping. To comprehensively address these problems, we recommend setting up a National Policy and Support Services for Orphans and Other Vulnerable @entity1 and their families, a National @entity1 Protection Agency for all @entity1 , @entity1 Guidance Counselors in those schools with many orphans and lastly social skills training for all @entity1 .
