Caudate neuronal recording in freely behaving animals following acute and chronic dose response XXXX exposure.

@entity35 @entity71 @entity2727 @entity14501
The misuse and abuse of the psychostimulant, @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ) the drug of choice in the treatment of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) has seen a sharp uprising in recent years among both youth and adults for its cognitive enhancing effects and for recreational purposes. This uprise in illicit use has lead to many questions concerning the long-term consequences of @entity14501 exposure. The objective of this study was to record animal behavior concomitantly with the caudate nucleus (CN) neuronal activity following acute and repetitive (chronic) dose response exposure to @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ). A saline control and three @entity14501 dose (0.6, 2.5, and 10.0mg/kg) groups were used. Behaviorally, the same @entity14501 dose in some animals following chronic @entity14501 exposure elicited behavioral sensitization and other animals elicited behavioral tolerance. Based on this finding, the CN neuronal population recorded from animals expressing behavioral sensitization was also evaluated separately from CN neurons recorded from animals expressing behavioral tolerance to chronic @entity14501 exposure, respectively. Significant differences in CN neuronal population responses between the behaviorally sensitized and the behaviorally tolerant animals were observed for the 2.5 and 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 exposed groups. For 2.5mg/kg @entity14501 , behaviorally sensitized animals responded by decreasing their firing rates while behaviorally tolerant animals showed mainly an increase in their firing rates. The CN neuronal responses recorded from the behaviorally sensitized animals following 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 responded by increasing their firing rates whereas the CN neuronal recordings from the behaviorally tolerant animals showed that approximately half decreased their firing rates in response to 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 exposure. The comparison of percentage change in neuronal firing rates showed that the behaviorally tolerant animals trended to exhibit increases in their neuronal firing rates at ED1 following initial @entity14501 exposure and oppositely at ED10 @entity14501 rechallenge. While the behaviorally sensitized animals in general increased in their percentage change of firing @entity35 were observed following acute 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 and the behaviorally sensitized 10.0mg/kg @entity14501 animals and a robust increase in neuronal firing rates at ED1 and ED10 rechallenge. These results suggest the need to first individually analyze animal behavioral activity, and then to evaluate the neuronal responses to the drug based on the animals behavioral response to chronic @entity14501 exposure.
