Early biomarkers of XXXX in @entity309 .

@entity1 @entity16 @entity5144 @entity79 @entity309
Joint destruction, as evidenced by radiographic findings, is a significant problem for @entity1 suffering from @entity309 and @entity5144 . Inherently irreversible and frequently progressive, the process of @entity16 begins at and even before the clinical onset of disease. However, @entity5144 are heterogeneous in nature and not all @entity1 progress to @entity16 . It is therefore important to identify @entity1 susceptible to joint destruction in order to initiate more aggressive treatment as soon as possible and thereby potentially prevent irreversible @entity16 . At the same time, the high cost and potential side effects associated with aggressive treatment mean it is also important not to over treat @entity1 and especially those who, even if left untreated, would not progress to joint destruction. It is therefore clear that a protein biomarker signature that could predict @entity16 at an early stage would support more informed clinical decisions on the most appropriate treatment regimens for individual @entity1 . Although many candidate biomarkers for @entity309 have been reported in the literature, relatively few have reached clinical use and as a consequence the number of prognostic biomarkers used in rheumatology has remained relatively static for several years. It has become evident that a significant challenge in the transition of biomarker candidates to clinical diagnostic assays lies in the development of suitably robust biomarker assays, especially multiplexed assays, and their clinical validation in appropriate @entity1 sample cohorts. Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based targeted quantitative protein measurements have transformed our ability to rapidly develop multiplexed protein biomarker assays. These advances are likely to have a significant impact on the validation of biomarkers in the future. In this review, we have comprehensively compiled a list of candidate biomarkers in @entity309 , evaluated the evidence for their potential as biomarkers of @entity79 , and outlined how mass spectrometry-based targeted and multiplexed measurement of candidate biomarker proteins is likely to accelerate their clinical validation and the development of clinical diagnostic tests.
