Progress and challenges for cell encapsulation in XXXX therapy.

@entity1 @entity1313 @entity5 @entity11 @entity35 @entity463
Cell encapsulation provides a method to circumvent the host immune system by encapsulating cells or tissues in immunoisolating, semipermeable membranes before implantation. The technology has been widely studied with an aim of developing bio-organs transplantable into @entity1 without the need of immunosuppression, and in @entity5 therapy, the principle of cell encapsulation may be further exploited. Encapsulated recombinant cells represent factories or bioreactors for the production of therapeutic proteins. By implanting the bioreactors in the vicinity of the @entity5 , long-term local de novo delivery of the therapeutic proteins may be achieved. Malignant @entity1313 such as @entity463 ( @entity463 ) remain highly lethal @entity5 , refractory to current therapies. Researchers and medical professionals are working on developing translational therapies to combat these aggressive @entity5 . Numerous clinical trials on gene therapy for @entity11 @entity1 have been conducted over the last decade, but the results have largely been disappointing. Cell encapsulation represents an alternative method for local delivery of therapeutic proteins with antineoplastic properties to @entity11 @entity1 . The concept has not yet reached clinical trials, but encouraging results have been achieved in @entity35 bearing @entity11 when implanting endostatin-secreting encapsulated cells into the @entity35 brain. This review primarily focuses on the recent progress that has been made with cell encapsulation technology. In addition, the challenges this field faces before clinical application in @entity1313 @entity1 is discussed.
