Part 1: Pressure XXXX assessment  -  the development of Critical Care Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool made Easy (CALCULATE).

@entity1 @entity1066 @entity3124
INTRODUCTION: @entity3124 @entity1 are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers resulting in serious untoward @entity1 and health care system outcomes. Pressure @entity1066 prevention is therefore an important @entity1 safety priority and establishing a structured approach to pressure @entity1066 risk assessment to identify @entity1 at risk is a critical first step. METHODS: The literature was searched using three electronic databases from 2000 to 2011 to identify papers reporting on pressure @entity1066 risk factors and assessment in adult critical care. The review and appraisal of papers were conducted by two critical care nurses. Papers underwent detailed review if they met inclusion criteria where they identified pressure @entity1066 assessment scores, scales or risk factors and related to adult critical care @entity1 FINDINGS: Seven papers were reviewed. No single assessment tool was sufficiently validated for @entity3124 @entity1 and seven key critical care risk factors were identified. These risk factors were: mechanical ventilation, impaired circulation, dialysis, long surgery, low protein and too unstable to turn. TOOL DEVELOPMENT: The tool Critical Care Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool made Easy (CALCULATE) was developed utilizing the risk factors from the literature and expert critical care nursing consensus decision-making. DISCUSSION: In the absence of current consensus, valid assessment scales and limited evidence for the most appropriate pressure @entity1066 assessment for @entity3124 @entity1 , this assessment tool offers an easy, appropriate alternative for @entity3124 @entity1 than existing tools primarily validated for acute care wards. CONCLUSIONS: 'CALCULATE' offers an important contribution towards the advancement and development of critical care pressure @entity1066 risk assessment. Future research is needed to further enhance and inform pressure @entity1066 risk assessment of the @entity3124 @entity1 . IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The identification of critical care risk factors may be an indicative method of assessing pressure @entity1066 risk in the @entity3124 @entity1 .
