XXXX in @entity2916 .

@entity1 @entity5 @entity4618 @entity2916 @entity299 @entity123 @entity3153 @entity943
OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence, importance, and history of cardiac involvement in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2916 . DESIGN: Prospective study; clinical examination, sector and Doppler echocardiography, standard and ambulatory electrocardiography. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre. @entity1 : 21 @entity1 with @entity2916 aged 1 day to 16 years (mean 6.3 years); follow up investigations were available in 14 cases (10 retrospective, 4 prospective; mean follow up 4.3 years). RESULTS: @entity299 in the right ventricle (11) and left ventricle (14) as well as in the right atrium (1) were present in 14/21 @entity1 . Two of them had obstruction of the left ventricular inflow and outflow tract related to a @entity5 . In the remaining 7 @entity1 , echocardiography was normal in 4 and equivocal in 3 cases. The standard electrocardiogram (n = 20) showed @entity123 (2), @entity3153 (1), @entity943 (2), and repolarisation disturbances (4) in 7/13 @entity1 with @entity4618 but was normal in all @entity1 with a normal or equivocal echocardiogram. The ambulatory electrocardiogram (n = 19) showed frequent premature atrial (2) and polymorphous ventricular (2) contractions. The polymorphous ventricular contractions coexisted with @entity4618 . No @entity943 that needed medical treatment were found. Follow up investigations showed return to a normal standard electrocardiogram in 3 @entity1 . @entity5 occurred in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity299 , although often present in these @entity1 with @entity2916 , caused neither major @entity943 nor haemodynamic obstruction except in the neonatal period. The indication for operation is limited to cases with life threatening obstruction or @entity943 refractory to medical treatment.
