XXXX and ceruletide-induced grooming and inhibition of ingestion in the @entity35 .

@entity6140 @entity6575 @entity1510 @entity2819 @entity111 @entity8586 @entity3318 @entity56 @entity35 @entity1068 @entity6138
Peptides of diverse structure stimulate grooming in rodents and other mammals. Peptide-induced grooming may be observed in several motivational contexts, with or without strong alternative response tendencies. @entity6138 -like peptides elicit grooming route dependently in the @entity35 and hamster, independently of, or concomitantly with, changes in ingestive behaviors or resting. The pattern of body surfaces groomed after i.c.v. @entity6575 is in proportion to the representation of body surfaces in somatosensory but not motor cortex of @entity35 . A @entity6138 -like peptide may be a neurotransmitter in somatosensory afferent processing, and grooming after i.c.v. @entity6575 may reflect a response to alteration of cutaneous sensation. @entity6138 is a putative satiety signal in the control of feeding and @entity1068 intake, but the satiation effects of systemic @entity6575 can be dissociated from the grooming effect of central @entity6575 . Thus, @entity6138 may perform independent and site-specific functions in the control of behavior. Grooming produced by @entity6575 is not affected by @entity1510 , involves a different proportion of motor acts than is observed in normal or ACTH-induced grooming, and no cross-tolerance has been reported between ACTH and @entity6575 in the @entity35 . These properties of @entity6138 -induced grooming indicate multiple, separable mechanisms of peptide-induced grooming and scratching. @entity8586 -like peptide-induced grooming is observed after central injection in the @entity35 and is unaccompanied by changes in feeding or resting. The well-documented satiety action of systemic @entity6140 -like peptides is not accompanied by excessive grooming, so multiple, site-specific behavioral roles are also indicated for @entity6140 -like peptides in control of behavior. @entity6140 -8 exhibits short-term cross-tolerance with ACTH in elicitation of grooming, and central @entity6140 -8 is co-localized with @entity3318 and stimulates ACTH and @entity2819 release in the @entity35 . Thus, @entity6140 -8 may induce grooming by increasing @entity3318 or ACTH activity. These properties of @entity6140 -like peptide-induced grooming indicate convergent neuroendocrine mechanisms that may explain some, but not all, peptide-induced grooming syndromes. Further characterization of the qualitative topographic, neuropharmacological, and neuroanatomical differences and species specificities of peptide-induced excessive grooming should provide a basis for understanding how brains coordinate grooming. Knowledge of the processes of neuropeptide control of grooming may provide potential peptide-based controls of grooming-related clinical disorders such as @entity111 and @entity56 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
