Dysregulation of apoptotic pathway candidate genes and proteins in @entity249 XXXX .

@entity1 @entity249 @entity589 @entity588 @entity4810 @entity522 @entity7 @entity30774 @entity73 @entity876 @entity12 @entity2533 @entity6660 @entity6577 @entity3893
OBJECTIVE: To dissect the role of the apoptotic pathway and its regulation in the pathogenesis of @entity4810 in nonobstructive @entity3893 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Sixty-three @entity249 azoospermic @entity1 with different histologic phenotypes were recruited (obstructive @entity3893 , n = 16; @entity6660 , n = 11; maturation arrest, n = 15; Sertoli cell only, n = 21). INTERVENTION(S): Testicular biopsies for histopathologic and expression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, protein localization by immunohistochemistry and apoptotic proteome array. RESULT(S): Results showed significantly increased expression of proapoptotic proteins like @entity589 , BAD, and BAK and comparatively lowered expression of antiapoptotic @entity588 and @entity6577 . Immunostaining revealed increased active @entity522 activity and more TUNEL-positive cells in different impaired phenotypes as compared with normal. In addition, significantly increased m-RNA expression of @entity2533 , @entity876 , and @entity12 along with significant down-regulation of @entity7 were observed. Expression of phosphorylated @entity876 at the S15 position and phosphorylated @entity30774 at S635 was observed in cases with @entity73 at the translational level. CONCLUSION(S): The results clearly indicate increased levels of apoptosis along with its other regulatory factors. The balance between pro- ( @entity589 and BAK) and antiapoptotic ( @entity588 and @entity6577 ) genes was disturbed, which may lead to altered apoptosis. Therefore, altered regulation of apoptosis might be associated with impaired spermatogenesis, eventually leading to @entity4810 .
