ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: The genomics of XXXX .

@entity5964 @entity1369 @entity5966 @entity36204 @entity5 @entity16663 @entity1636 @entity701 @entity4052 @entity74 @entity25946 @entity652 @entity5965 @entity5963
UNASSIGNED: The last decade witnessed the emergence of genomics, a set of high-throughput molecular measurements in biological samples. These pan-genomic and agnostic approaches have revolutionized the molecular biology and genetics of @entity5 . These techniques have been applied successfully to @entity16663 . Exome sequencing identified new major drivers in all @entity5 types, including @entity5963 , @entity5965 , @entity5966 and @entity5964 mutations in @entity1369 producing @entity652 (APA), @entity25946 mutations in @entity701 producing @entity652 (CPA), @entity4052 mutations in primary bilateral macronodular @entity1636 (PBMAH), and @entity36204 mutations in @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ). Moreover, the various genomic approaches -including exome sequencing, transcriptome, miRNome, genome, and methylome-, converge into a single molecular classification of @entity16663 . Especially for @entity1636 , two main molecular groups have emerged, showing major differences in outcomes. These @entity1636 groups differ by their gene expression profiles, but also by recurrent mutations and specific DNA hypermethylation patterns in the subgroup of poor outcome. The clinical impact of these findings is just starting. The main altered signaling pathways now become therapeutic targets. The molecular groups of diseases individualize robust subtypes within diseases such as APA, CPA, PBMAH and @entity1636 . A revised nosology of @entity16663 should impact the clinical research. Obvious consequences also include genetic counseling for the new @entity74 such as @entity4052 mutations in PBMAH, and a better prognostication of @entity1636 based on targeted measurements of a few discriminant molecular alterations. Identifying the main molecular groups of @entity16663 by extensively gathering the molecular variations is a significant step forward towards precision medicine.
