An expanded model of XXXX care based in an analysis and critique of current approaches.

@entity1 @entity6
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine and critique various models guiding the care and education of @entity1 with @entity6 , to develop more helpful and effective approaches to care. The focus is on relationships and communication between @entity1 and healthcare providers. BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 are not adhering to the recommended treatments, hence it seems that effective @entity6 care is difficult to achieve, particularly for @entity1 of lower socio-economic status, who are disproportionately afflicted. The results are usually devastating, and lead to serious health complications that incisively diminish quality of life for @entity1 with @entity6 , frustrate healthcare providers and increase healthcare costs. DESIGN: Critical review. METHOD: This paper represents a critical review of various approaches to @entity6 care and education. A CINAHL search with relevant key words was carried out and selected exemplary research studies and articles describing and/or evaluating the various approaches to @entity6 care and management were examined. Particular attention was paid to how the paradigmatic underpinnings of these approaches construct @entity1 - healthcare provider relationships. CONCLUSION: The literature revealed that the traditional top-down approaches to care were largely ineffective, while collaborative approaches, based in respect and taking the whole @entity1 and their unique situations into account, were found to be central to good care. Further, an integration of the different kinds of knowledge contained in the various approaches can complement and extend one another. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Avoiding devastating complications by improving the management of @entity6 and overall quality of life of @entity1 is a worthwhile goal. Therefore expanding @entity6 care beyond the traditional bio-medical model to develop more effective approaches to care is of interest to all healthcare professionals working in this area.
