Physical activity, XXXX , and coronary risk: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study.

@entity1 @entity301 @entity5 @entity209 @entity65
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between physical activity, @entity209 ( @entity209 ), and the risk of future @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and mortality due to @entity301 in middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: A total of 10,134 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 45-79 years at baseline, were selected from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort. @entity65 factors and physical activity levels were recorded at baseline. Rates of @entity301 and @entity301 mortality were recorded during a follow-up of 10.9 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity209 was 37.6% in @entity1 and 30.2% in @entity1 . Hazard ratios (HRs) for future @entity301 were 1.95 (95% CI 1.65-2.31) for @entity1 with @entity209 and 3.17 (95% CI 2.53-3, 97) for @entity1 with @entity209 , compared to those without @entity209 . HRs adjusted for age and smoking were 1.52 (95% CI 1.29-1.81) for @entity1 and 1.76 (95% CI 1.39-2.23) for @entity1 . Additional adjustment for physical activity did not attenuate these risk estimates further [HRs 1.51 (95% CI 1.27-1.79) and 1.74 (95% CI 1.38-2.21), respectively]. @entity301 risk associated with @entity209 was substantially lower among @entity1 who were physically active. There was no longer a significant difference in @entity301 event rate between @entity1 with @entity209 who were active and @entity1 without @entity209 who were inactive (11.5% vs. 12.8%). For @entity1 , similar associations were observed (5.3% vs. 5.6%). We found evidence for significant effect modification (p for interaction   =   0.006) such that physical activity affected the association between @entity209 and @entity301 risk. CONCLUSION: Middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity209 have an increased risk for future @entity301 . This @entity301 risk associated with @entity209 is substantially lower among those who are physically active. @entity1 with @entity209 who were physically active had a lower @entity301 risk than @entity1 without @entity209 who were physically inactive.
