Prevalence of XXXX : A systematic review of autopsy studies.

@entity5 @entity1 @entity263
@entity263 screening may detect nonprogressive @entity5 , leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The potential for overdiagnosis can be assessed from the reservoir of @entity263 in autopsy studies that report @entity263 rates in @entity1 who died of other causes. We aimed to estimate the age-specific incidental @entity5 prevalence from all published autopsy studies. We identified eligible studies by searches of Medline and Embase, forward and backward citation searches and contacting authors. We screened the titles and abstracts of all articles; checked the full-text articles for eligibility and extracted clinical and pathology data using standardized forms. We extracted mean @entity5 prevalence, age-specific @entity5 prevalence and validity measures and then pooled data from all studies using logistic regression models with random effects. The 29 studies included in the review dated from 1948 to 2013. Incidental @entity5 was detected in all populations, with no obvious time trends in prevalence. @entity263 prevalence increased with each decade of age, OR   =   1.7 (1.6-1.8), and was higher in studies that used the Gleason score, OR   =   2.0 (1.1-3.7). No other factors were significantly predictive. The estimated mean @entity5 prevalence increased in a nonlinear fashion from 5% (95% CI: 3-8%) at age <30 years to 59% (95% CI: 48-71%) by age >79 years. There was substantial variation between populations in estimated @entity5 prevalence. There is a substantial reservoir of @entity263 which increases with age. The high risk of overdiagnosis limits the usefulness of @entity263 screening.
