Pharmacogenetics of XXXX treatment: a structured review.

@entity1 @entity916 @entity101
The extent of blood pressure lowering by anti- @entity101 agents is difficult to predict for individual @entity1 , even when evaluated in the context of biochemical or demographic information. Genetic predictors (mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) have been the focus of several recent studies and are gaining much attention. We have conducted a literature search for studies in which the lowering of ambient blood pressure by specific drugs or drug classes in @entity1 was related to specific genotypes. Twenty-eight studies were identified, of which six had a single-dose design, and the remaining 22 studied drug effects after more than 4 weeks of drug administration. Virtually all were association studies. Prospective trials that compared the prognostic value of genetic methods to routine clinical practice were not identified. Almost all studies used a candidate-gene design, usually with a very small number of SNPs (typically one). Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions were studied only rarely. Only one study targeted genes involved in drug metabolism. Most candidate-genes were part of the @entity916 -angiotensin system. By far the most extensively studied has been the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism (15 studies) but, to date, no clear picture has emerged for this or other genetic variants. Thus, the potential for utility of genetic characterization of individual @entity1 as a predictor of anti- @entity101 response has yet to be realized.
