Multinational Evaluation of XXXX , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 Utilization.

@entity1 @entity3442 @entity3603 @entity3446 @entity205 @entity2239 @entity1140 @entity6051
BACKGROUND: Increasing immunosuppressant utilization and expenditure is a worldwide challenge as more @entity1 successfully live with transplanted organs. Our aims were to characterize utilization of @entity6051 , @entity1140 , @entity205 , @entity3446 , and @entity2239 in Australian transplant recipients from 2007 to 2013; to identify specific patterns of usage; and to compare Australian utilization with Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Australian utilization and expenditure data were captured through national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Highly Specialized Drug administrative databases. Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and the Netherlands utilization were retrieved from their healthcare databases. Utilization was compared as defined daily dose per 1000 population per day ( @entity3603 /1000 population/day). Data on kidney transplant recipients, the predominant @entity1 group prescribed these medicines, were obtained from international transplant registries. RESULTS: From 2007-2013 Australian utilization of @entity3442 , @entity1140 and @entity2239 increased 2.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.3-fold, respectively. Use of @entity205 and @entity3446 decreased 20% and 30%, respectively. Australian utilization was significantly lower than European utilization (2013) but was increasing at a faster rate. Total Australian expenditure increased approximately AUD 30 million over the study period to almost AUD 100 million in 2013. Kidney transplantation rates increased across each country over this time, with Australia having the lowest rate. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppressant usage and subsequent expenditure are rising in Australia and Northern Europe. With increased numbers of @entity1 living with transplants, and the observed growth potential predicted from Northern European data, this class of medicines can be expected to continue consuming an increasing share of Australian pharmaceutical expenditure into the future.
