Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability in XXXX : a jackpot to chaos.

@entity1 @entity2007 @entity5 @entity19 @entity5555 @entity519 @entity1344
@entity5555 ( @entity5555 ) is a hallmark of @entity5 cells that facilitates the acquisition of mutations conferring aggressive or drug-resistant phenotypes during @entity5 evolution. @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) is a form of @entity5555 that involves frequent cytogenetic changes leading to changes in chromosome copy number ( @entity2007 ). While both @entity1344 and @entity2007 are common characteristics of @entity5 cells, their roles in @entity5 initiation and progression are unclear. On the one hand, @entity1344 and @entity2007 are known to provide genetic variation to allow cells to adapt in changing environments such as nutrient fluctuations and @entity519 . @entity1 with constitutive @entity2007 are more susceptible to certain types of @entity5 , suggesting that changes in chromosome copy number could positively contribute to @entity5 evolution. On the other hand, chromosomal imbalances have been observed to have detrimental effects on cellular fitness and might trigger cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity19 models for @entity1344 have led to conflicting results. Taken together these findings suggest that the relationship between @entity1344 , @entity2007 and @entity5 is more complex than what was previously anticipated. Here we review what is known about this complex m  nage    trois, discuss recent evidence suggesting that @entity2007 , @entity1344 and @entity5555 together promote a vicious cycle of genome chaos. Lastly, we propose a working hypothesis to reconcile the conflicting observations regarding the role of @entity2007 and @entity1344 in tumorigenesis.
