Diving response and apneic time in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity26 @entity386 @entity299
The aim of this study was to compare apneic time with the @entity1 diving response, defined as heart rate (HR) reduction and reduced skin blood flow, in groups with varying degrees of breath-hold diving experience. @entity299 in air and @entity386 with face immersion in cold water were thus recorded in nine groups. Skin capillary blood flow was recorded in six of the groups. All subjects received the same information on maximizing apneic duration, and no information about their progress during the @entity386 . The longest @entity386 and the most pronounced cardiovascular adjustments were found in the young, trained divers. It was found that apneic time was significantly correlated to @entity299 among the nine groups (r = 0.94, P < 0.001), and to skin capillary blood flow reduction among the six groups where the parameter was measured (r = 0.82, P < 0.05). The correlation between @entity299 and skin capillary blood flow reduction was also significant (r = 0.85, P < 0.05). When the difference in @entity299 and apneic time between @entity386 in air and @entity386 with face immersion were compared in the nine groups, it was found that all groups reacted with a more pronounced @entity299 during @entity386 with face immersion. All groups without prior breath-hold diving experience were found to perform shorter @entity386 with face immersion than @entity386 in air, or @entity386 of the same duration in both conditions, which has been reported in other studies. However, in all groups with diving experience, the apneic time was prolonged during @entity386 with face immersion. The results of this study suggest an @entity26 -conserving effect of the diving response in trained apneic divers.
