Oblique XXXX : pathology, etiology, and reconstruction.

@entity1 @entity146 @entity600 @entity397 @entity2419 @entity1141
Modern views on embryology have increased our understanding of the nature of oblique @entity2419 . The anomalies that have their origin at the junction of facial processes, such as the @entity1141 , may be named primary clefts or transformation. The maxillary clefts that are due to a developmental arrest of the skeleton are in fact secondary defects of differentiation defects. The teratology of these @entity600 is discussed, and attention is drawn to the @entity397 as a possible cause. All these clefts are rare, their incidence ranging from 0.75 to 5.4 per 1000 common clefts. This author has been involved in the treatment of nine of these @entity1 . Four had their @entity600 reconstructed with one of the conventional procedures described in the literature, but the results, although initially acceptable, soon deteriorated. A more @entity146 approach was therefore chosen. Rotation and advancement of the cheek proved to be extremely effective and is now advocated as the procedure of choice. The transposition of a median forehead flap is considered an excellent alternative. Use of these procedures in five @entity1 is reported. There were no complications.
