Mechanisms of XXXX - Environmental and genetic determinants for the development of @entity566 .

@entity32 @entity1200 @entity566 @entity56
UNASSIGNED: @entity56 can be viewed as an early manifestation of @entity1200 . Environmental exposures including @entity32 , diet, nutrient balance, microbial colonisation and toxin exposures can directly and indirectly influence immune programming in both pregnancy and the postnatal period. The intrauterine microclimate is critical for @entity1200 to sustain viable pregnancy, but appears susceptible to environmental conditions. Targeting aspects of the modern environment that promote aberrant patterns of immune response is logical for interventions aimed at primary prevention of @entity56 . Defining the mechanisms that underpin both natural and therapeutic acquisition of @entity1200 in childhood will provide insights into the drivers of persistent @entity1200 . In this review we summarise evidence that @entity566 is a consequence of intrauterine and early life @entity1200 , with specific focus on contributing environmental risk factors occurring preconception, in utero and in the early postnatal period. We explore the immunological mechanisms which underpin tolerance and persistence of @entity56 during childhood. It is likely that future investigations within these two domains will ultimately provide a road map for the primary prevention of @entity56 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
