Metabolic effects of XXXX and progestins.

@entity172 @entity1 @entity101 @entity1735 @entity1871 @entity412 @entity9477 @entity209 @entity453 @entity1602
OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of exogenous @entity172 and @entity1871 on metabolic risk factors for @entity453 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Review of selected literature. SETTING: Population studies and clinical trials. @entity1 : Premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Exogenous gonadal hormones in oral contraceptives and hormone replacement regimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lipoprotein, hemostatic, @entity1735 , and blood pressure metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Favorable lipoprotein changes have been demonstrated in both observational studies and clinical trials of effects of exogenous hormones on cardiovascular risk factors in @entity1 . These include declines in low-density lipoprotein, apoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a), and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), @entity9477 , and apoprotein A-I. Hormone replacement effects on @entity412 are minor and, in most @entity1 , probably benign. Evidence is unconvincing that clinically significant changes in clotting factors, @entity1735 metabolism, or blood pressure take place as a result of postmenopausal hormone interventions. In fact, @entity1735 metabolism and blood pressure may be improved slightly. Metabolic studies do not, thus far, provide any contraindications to either @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in appropriately selected subjects. However, because studies of metabolic risk factors generally have been done in @entity1 who were not hyperlipidemic, hypercoagulable, @entity1602 , or @entity101 , little is known about the metabolic effects of ERT or HRT on pre-existing @entity209 .
