Role of thoracic surgery and interventional bronchoscopy in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity825 @entity738 @entity1333 @entity39 @entity384 @entity1066 @entity6184 @entity358 @entity2883 @entity736 @entity5142
BACKGROUND: @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) is defined as @entity1333 affecting small and medium-sized arteries and veins. Histologically, inflammatory changes with infiltration of the endothelium, @entity39 , and formation of necrotizing @entity738 are found. @entity358 is one of the cardinal features of @entity2883 and occurs in 85% of @entity1 during the course of disease. Surgery is often required for both diagnosis and therapy. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 are presented to illustrate the spectrum of surgical interventions in @entity2883 . RESULTS: In 8 @entity1 open lung biopsy, wedge resection, or segmental resection for hitherto undiagnosed infiltrate revealed @entity2883 . Eight @entity1 presented with @entity6184 and all 8 underwent repetitive @entity384 . Five @entity1 presented with @entity5142 without any signs of @entity358 . All @entity1 underwent @entity384 , 3 in conjunction with glucocorticoid injection therapy. After multiple dilations, 1 @entity1 still had destructing @entity1066 in which total stenting maintained airway patency. One @entity1 received subglottic tracheal resection prior to multiple dilations; another @entity1 , because of expiratory tracheal collapse, underwent stabilization of the membranous part of the @entity825 and the large bronchi with a @entity736 implant. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical lung biopsy in numerous @entity1 established the final diagnosis. Thoracic surgery including bronchologic measures such as bouginage and stenting, however, also has a place in the long-term management of @entity2883 .
