Cigarette smoke differentially affects @entity1712 and remodeling in a model of house dust mite XXXX .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity1712 @entity59 @entity19 @entity565 @entity56 @entity6580 @entity1312
Although a similar prevalence of smoking is evident among @entity1 with @entity565 and the general population, little is known about the impact of cigarette smoke on the immune inflammatory processes elicited by common environmental allergens. We investigated the impact of exposure to cigarette smoke on house dust mite (HDM)-induced @entity56 @entity32 and its consequences for tissue remodeling and lung physiology in @entity19 . BALB/c @entity19 received intranasal HDMs daily, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks to establish chronic @entity32 . Subsequently, @entity19 were concurrently exposed to HDMs plus cigarette smoke, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (HDMs + smoke). We observed significantly attenuated @entity1712 in the bronchoalveolar lavage of @entity19 exposed to HDMs + smoke, compared with animals exposed only to HDMs. A similar activation of CD4 T cells and expression of @entity59 , @entity1312 was observed between HDM-treated and HDM + smoke-treated animals. Consistent with an effect on eosinophil trafficking, HDMs + smoke exposure attenuated the HDM-induced expression of @entity6580 , whereas the survival of eosinophils and the numbers of blood eosinophils were not affected. Exposure to cigarette smoke also reduced the activation of B cells and the concentrations of serum IgE. Although the production of mucus decreased, collagen deposition significantly increased in animals exposed to HDMs + smoke, compared with animals exposed only to HDMs. Although airway resistance was unaffected, tissue resistance was significantly decreased in @entity19 exposed to HDMs + smoke. Our findings demonstrate that cigarette smoke affects eosinophil migration without affecting airway resistance or modifying Th2 cell adaptive immunity in a @entity19 model of HDM-induced @entity565 .
