Both donor and recipient origins of smooth muscle cells in vein graft XXXX .

@entity19 @entity731 @entity25325
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) accumulation in the inner layer of the vessel wall is a key event in the pathogenesis of @entity731 in vein grafts, but the origin of the cells in these lesions has yet to be shown. Herein, we use animal models of vein grafts in @entity19 to clearly identify the sources of SMCs in @entity731 . Vena cava segments were isografted to carotid arteries between four types of @entity19 , including SM-LacZ expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in vascular SMCs, SM-LacZ/apoE(-/-), @entity25325 expressing beta-gal in all tissues, and wild-type @entity19 . beta-gal-positive cells were observed in neointimal and @entity731 of all vein segments grafted between LacZ transgenic and wild-type @entity19 . Double staining for beta-gal and cell nuclei revealed that about 40% of SMCs originated from hosts and 60% from the donor vessel. This was confirmed by double labeling of the Y-chromosome and alpha-actin in the lesions of sex-mismatched vein grafts. The possibility that bone marrow cells were the source of SMCs in grafts was eliminated by the absence of beta-gal staining in @entity731 of chimeric @entity19 . Furthermore, vein SMCs of SM-LacZ @entity19 did not express beta-gal in situ, but did so when these cells appeared in @entity731 in vivo, suggesting that hemodynamic forces may be crucial for SMC differentiation. Thus, we provide the first evidence of SMC origins in the @entity731 of vein grafts, which will be essential for providing insight into new types of therapy for the disease. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
