Metabolic effects of XXXX and its neuroprotective effects on the recovery of metabolic and electrophysiological function in the @entity63 retina in vitro.

@entity63 @entity26 @entity95 @entity880 @entity413 @entity2332
OBJECTIVE: Reduction in energy usage has been investigated as the mechanism by which @entity2332 provides protection during @entity63 . We describe experiments using @entity2332 in the @entity95 retina in vitro that show a correlation between @entity2332 -induced reductions in energy usage and neuroprotection. METHODS: We examined energy metabolism and electrophysiological function under control/nonischemic conditions during 1 or 2 hours of " @entity63 " (induced by decreasing @entity413 from 6 to 1 mmol/L and @entity26 from 95 to 15%) and during 3 to 4 hours of "return-to-control" conditions. @entity413 utilization and @entity880 production were measured as indices of energy metabolism, and light-evoked compound action potentials were monitored to assess functional recovery. RESULTS: Nonischemic retinas subjected to both mild (33 +/- 0.5 degrees C) and moderate (30 +/- 0.5 degrees C) @entity2332 exhibited a decrease of 38% in the rate of @entity413 utilization and @entity880 production compared with normothermic retinas (36 +/- 0.5 degrees C) (analysis of variance, P < 0.001). In retinas that were made @entity63 , mild or moderate @entity2332 further reduced the rates of @entity413 utilization (18 and 39%, respectively) and @entity880 production (21 and 28%, respectively) (P < 0.001 for @entity413 , P < 0.01 for @entity880 ). Retinas that had been mildly or moderately hypothermic during @entity63 exhibited improved recovery of @entity413 utilization (65 and 57%, respectively) and @entity880 production (72 and 74%, respectively) compared with normothermic retinas (18% for @entity413 and 54% for @entity880 ; repeated-measures analysis of variance, P < 0.001). Recovery of compound action potentials for retinas kept at 36, 33, and 30 degrees C was 15, 36, and 53%, respectively (repeated-measures analysis of variance, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our studies in an avascular neuronal model of @entity63 demonstrate that @entity2332 protects against @entity63 . We interpret the smaller reductions in energy generation and usage caused by @entity63 when the retinas were hypothermic as evidence that @entity2332 had reduced energy requirements more than energy production, and we propose that this at least in part explains its protection.
