Population-based assessment of @entity2516 in India: the Andhra XXXX study.

@entity1 @entity2194 @entity2516 @entity231 @entity3467 @entity1714
PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence, distribution, and demographic associations of @entity2516 in the population of the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. METHODS: From 94 clusters in one urban and three rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, 11 786 @entity1 of all ages were sampled using a stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling strategy in the Andhra Pradesh @entity2194 Study, a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 10 293 @entity1 underwent an interview and detailed dilated eye examination. Refraction was performed by ophthalmic personnel trained in the study procedures. Objective refraction under cycloplegia was assessed for @entity1 < or = 15 years of age and subjective refraction for those > 15 years of age. @entity1714 was defined as spherical equivalent worse than -0.50 D and @entity3467 as spherical equivalent worse than +0.50 D. RESULTS: In the @entity1 < or = 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity1714 was 3.19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24-4.13%) and of @entity3467 was 62.62% (95% CI 57.10-68.13%). In this age group, @entity1714 increased with increasing age and was more prevalent in the urban study area, and @entity3467 prevalence was greater in the @entity1 < 10 years of age. In @entity1 > 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity1714 was 19.45% (95% CI 17.88-21.02%) and of @entity3467 was 8.38% (95% CI 6.91-9.85%). @entity1714 and @entity3467 increased with increasing age. @entity1714 was more common in males, those with education higher than class 12, those with nuclear @entity231 , and those living in rural study areas. @entity3467 was more common in females, those with any level of formal education, and those living in the urban area and in the well-off rural study area. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant @entity2516 in this population. These data on the distribution and associations of @entity2516 can be useful for the planning of refractive eye-care services.
