Mechanisms leading to XXXX in dentistry.

@entity4512 @entity1643 @entity101 @entity63 @entity39 @entity4681 @entity158 @entity85 @entity121 @entity2472
BACKGROUND: The authors reviewed the implications of prolonged, seated working postures on dental operator health and the potential development of @entity85 , or MSDs. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors reviewed studies to assess the mechanisms associated with the development of @entity4512 and MSDs among dental operators. Some studies investigated work duration, operator positioning and the physiological effects of various static sitting postures. Others explored the relationships between @entity2472 and @entity121 , as related to the development of @entity158 and MSDs. RESULTS: This review advances the idea that the causes of @entity4512 and disorders common to dental operators are multifactorial. Physiological changes that accompany these disorders can be related to practices used by today's operators-primarily being seated for prolonged periods. Studies associated such postures with @entity101 and @entity4681 , which are factors that may lead to @entity1643 or injury. There is a relationship shown between prolonged, static (motionless) muscle contractions and @entity63 or @entity39 . Weak postural muscles of the trunk and shoulder may lead to poor operator posture. As muscles adapt by lengthening or shortening to accommodate these postures, a muscle imbalance may result, leading to structural damage and @entity158 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A significant number of today's dental operators experience @entity4512 and are at risk of developing serious MSDs. A thorough understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms leading to these problems is necessary to develop and implement a comprehensive approach to minimize the risks of a work-related injury.
