XXXX promoter mutations in glandular lesions of the urinary bladder.

@entity263 @entity1494 @entity5 @entity75 @entity694 @entity189 @entity652 @entity2215
UNASSIGNED: Glandular lesions of the urinary bladder include a broad spectrum of entities ranging from completely benign to primary and secondary @entity5 . The accurate diagnosis of these lesions is both important and challenging. Recently, studies suggest that @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) promoter mutations could be a biomarker for @entity189 ( @entity189 ). We hypothesized that these mutations can distinguish @entity189 with glandular differentiation from @entity652 , primary @entity1494 (PAUB), or secondary @entity5 . Twenty-five cases of @entity75 (including @entity652 ); 29 cases of @entity189 with glandular differentiation; 10 cases of PAUB; and 10 cases each of metastatic @entity694 , @entity263 , and @entity189 from Mullerian origin were collected. Slides were reviewed and selected to make sure the lesion was at least 10% to 20% of all tissue. Macrodissection was performed in some of cases, and genomic DNA was extracted from the tissue. @entity2215 promoter mutations were determined by standard polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Twenty-one cases (72%) of @entity189 with glandular differentiation were positive for @entity2215 promoter mutations. However, none of the remaining cases (total 65 cases of benign lesions, PAUB, and @entity189 ) was positive for @entity2215 promoter mutation. @entity2215 promoter mutations were highly associated with @entity189 including @entity189 with glandular differentiation but not other glandular lesions of bladder. Therefore, in conjunction with morphologic features, Immunohistochemistry stain profile, and clinical information, @entity2215 promoter mutations could distinguish @entity189 with glandular differentiation from other @entity1494 . In addition, lack of @entity2215 promoter mutations in primary @entity1494 suggests that this entity may have different origin or carcinogenesis from those of @entity189 .
