Molecular basis of XXXX : role of signal regulation by G-proteins.

@entity4784 @entity734 @entity1286
1. @entity1286 and opiate narcotics are potent analgesics that have a high propensity to induce tolerance and physical @entity734 following their repeated administration. 2. The molecular basis of @entity4784 has not been completely elucidated, although the participation of opioid receptors is a prerequisite. Cellular @entity734 on opioids is believed to result from the chronic stimulation of opioid-regulated signalling networks. 3. As G-protein-coupled receptors, the opioid receptors must rely on heterotrimeric G-proteins for signal transduction. Recent advances in our understanding of G-protein signalling have unveiled novel signalling molecules and mechanisms, some of which may be intricately involved in the manifestation of @entity4784 . 4. In the present review, we will attempt to trace chronic opioid signals along elaborate G-protein-regulated pathways.
