Evaluation of factors predicting clinical XXXX during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective study.

@entity1 @entity3041 @entity130 @entity456
UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study is to prospectively identify factors that predict the chance of @entity130 (detected clinically or on postoperative X-ray chest) during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). All @entity1 with renal/upper ureteric stones, undergoing PCNL between January 2013 and June 2014, were evaluated for @entity130 . An erect chest X-ray on inspiration was done within 6 h of PCNL. The @entity1 were divided into Groups A and B depending on whether they developed or did not develop @entity130 . @entity1 -, stone-, renal-, and procedure-related factors were compared between the two groups. 332 @entity1 with mean age 36.76      15.01  years (range 4-80) and M:F of 172:160 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. @entity456 occurred in 10 @entity1 (3  %). Of 141 @entity1 with supracostal punctures (59 had additional infracostal punctures), 4.2  % (n  =  6) had @entity130 . Of 191 @entity1 with only infracostal punctures, 4 developed @entity130 (2  %). @entity1 in group A had significantly lower age (27.00      11.18 vs. 37.06      15.03, p  =  0.03) and lower BMI (18.0      1.90 vs. 21.12      2.24 p  =  0.002). Incidence of @entity130 was significantly higher (p  =  0.001) on right side [4.0  % (7/172) vs. 1.8  %, 3/160)]. Incidence of @entity130 had no association with staghorn calculi, stone surface area (590.51      313.88 for Group A vs. 593.02      387.10 for Group B; p  =  0.11), degree of @entity3041 , and operative time (65.13      19.45 for Group A vs. 72.21      19.56 for Group B; p  =  0.06). On multivariate analysis, only low BMI and mean age  <27  years were associated with higher risk of @entity130 . Higher incidence of @entity130 was noted in @entity1 with low BMI and younger age.
