Autophagy-associated proteins @entity5266 and XXXX in @entity5 .

@entity1 @entity5 @entity10407 @entity5266 @entity2969 @entity4797
UNASSIGNED: @entity2969 ( @entity2969 ) represent the most common @entity5 group in the age group of 20 to 40-years old @entity1 . The potentially curable effect of cytotoxic therapy in @entity2969 is mediated mainly by the induction of apoptosis. Autophagy has been discussed as an alternative mechanism of cell death but also of treatment resistance in various types of @entity5 . However, in @entity2969 the expression and role of core autophagy-associated factors is hitherto unknown. We designed the study in order to evaluate the potential role of autophagy-associated factors in the development and progression of @entity5 . Eighty-four @entity1 were assessed for autophagy ( @entity5266 , @entity10407 ) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase  3) markers using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue micro- arrays. In addition, western blot analyses of frozen tissue of @entity4797 and @entity4797 were performed. Our findings show that @entity5266 was significantly upregulated in @entity4797 as compared to @entity4797 but not to normal testicular tissue. No significant difference of @entity10407 expression was detected between neoplastic and normal tissue or between @entity4797 and @entity4797 . @entity5266 and @entity10407 showed distinct loco  -regional expression patterns in normal and neoplastic @entity1 testicular tissues. In contrast to the autophagic markers, apoptosis rate was significantly higher in @entity5 as compared to normal testicular tissue, but not between different @entity2969 subtypes. The present study, for the first time, examined the expression of central autophagy proteins @entity5266 and @entity10407 in @entity5 . Our findings imply that in general apoptosis but not autophagy induction differs between normal and neoplastic testis tissue.
