Orotracheal administration of contrast agents: a new protocol for XXXX targeting.

@entity1 @entity1313 @entity19 @entity5 @entity463
The development of new non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is of paramount importance in order to improve the outcome of @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). In this work we investigated a completely non-invasive pre-clinical protocol to effectively target and detect @entity1313 through the orotracheal route, using ultra-small nanoparticles (USRPs) and MRI. A @entity19 model of @entity463 was developed. In vivo MRI acquisitions were performed before and after intravenous or orotracheal administration of the nanoparticles to identify and segment the @entity5 . The accumulation of the nanoparticles in neoplastic lesions was assessed ex vivo through fluorescence microscopy. Before the administration of contrast agents, MR images allowed the identification of the presence of abnormal brain tissue in 73% of animals. After orotracheal or intravenous administration of USRPs, in all the @entity19 an excellent co-localization of the position of the @entity5 with MRI and histology was observed. The elimination time of the USRPs from the @entity5 after the orotracheal administration was approximately 70% longer compared with intravenous injection. MRI and USRPs were shown to be powerful imaging tools able to detect, quantify and longitudinally monitor the development of GBMs. The absence of ionizing radiation and high resolution of MRI, along with the complete non-invasiveness and good reproducibility of the proposed protocol, make this technique potentially translatable to @entity1 . To our knowledge, this is the first time that the advantages of a needle-free orotracheal administration route have been demonstrated for the investigation of the pathomorphological changes due to GBMs. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.
