Familial and neighborhood effects on XXXX in  childhood and adolescence.

@entity1 @entity1949 @entity146 @entity71 @entity1316 @entity148 @entity9054
BACKGROUND: More knowledge is needed on potential associations between individual-, family-, and neighborhood-level factors and @entity146 in @entity1 and adolescents. AIMS: To examine associations between, individual-, family-, and neighborhood-level factors and incident internalizing ( @entity148 and mood) disorders and externalizing ( @entity71 and conduct) disorders in @entity1 and adolescents, and to estimate the relative contributions of family and neighborhood to individual variation in these disorders. METHOD: We performed a three-level logistic regression on all 542,195 @entity1 born in Sweden in 1992-1996, nested in 427,954 families, which in turn were nested in 8475 neighborhoods. The @entity1 were followed from 2000 to 2010 for incident internalizing and externalizing @entity146 , assessed from medical records. RESULTS: 26,514 @entity1 (4.8%) were diagnosed with internalizing or externalizing @entity146 . Approximately 29% of the total individual variance in internalizing disorders could be attributed to the family level, which includes both genetic and family environmental effects, and 5% to the neighborhood level. The corresponding figures for externalizing disorders were 43.5% and 5.5%, respectively. After adjustment for individual-level sociodemographic factors, high @entity1949 was associated with increased risks of externalizing and internalizing @entity146 (odds ratio [OR]  =  1.37, 95% credible interval [CI]  =  1.25-1.50 and OR  =  1.34, 95% CI  =  1.25-1.45, respectively), including @entity9054 (OR  =  2.01, 95% CI  =  1.58-2.55), @entity148 (OR  =  1.40, 95% CI  =  1.29-1.52), and @entity1316 (OR  =  1.21, 95% CI, 1.09-1.35). The strongest association between @entity1949 and @entity71 was observed in moderately deprived neighborhoods (OR  =  1.31, 95% CI  =  1.19-1.44). CONCLUSIONS: These findings call for policies to promote mental health that consider potential influences from @entity1 's family and neighborhood environments.conclusion TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
