Mumijo Attenuates Chemically Induced Inflammatory XXXX in @entity19 .

@entity32 @entity174 @entity3522 @entity19 @entity406 @entity1286 @entity158 @entity10 @entity1118 @entity1543 @entity130
UNASSIGNED: Background     Mumijo (shilajit) has been well known in traditional medicine as a remedy for a number of diseases, such as @entity174 , @entity130 , @entity32 , and @entity10 . It is also widely used as an analgesic agent in folk medicine, but no scientific documentation exists concerning that effect. Objective     The current study was conducted to evaluate the ability of mumijo to reduce sensitivity to painful stimuli when compared with @entity1286 and @entity3522 . Methods     A total of 176 animals were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups with 88 @entity19 each-one for @entity406 test and the other for writhing test. For each test, the animals were allocated into 10 equal groups, based on the dosage of the analgesic, plus a negative control group, with 8 @entity19 in each group. Intervention     The analgesic effect of mumijo extract in doses of 0.75, 7.5, 75, and 750 mg/kg was assessed and compared witha group receiving distilled water-the negative control group, and that for groups receiving 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg of @entity1286 or 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg of @entity3522 -the positive control groups. Results     The results showed a significant decrease in @entity158 intensity for all @entity19 receiving doses of mumijo extract during a 1-h @entity406 test when compared with the distilled water group. For all the mumijo groups except the one receiving 750 mg/kg, the analgesic effect was significantly lower than that for the @entity1286 group receiving 4 mg/kg. No significant differences existed between all mumijo and all @entity3522 groups. In a writhing test, a significant inhibition of the @entity158 response induced by @entity1543 also occurred in all 4 mumijo-administered groups as opposed to the group receiving distilled water. No significant differences existed between the writhing response in groups receiving 75 and 750 mg/kg of mumijo and any doses of @entity3522 or @entity1286 . The comparison among the different doses of mumijo in the @entity406 test did not show any significant differences, but in the writhing test, the maximum dose showed a more effective analgesic action. Conclusion     The findings indicated a significant analgesic effect for mumijo extract on @entity1118 in @entity19 , occurring in a dose-independent manner.
