A meta-analysis of negative symptoms in @entity5748 XXXX .

@entity1 @entity4521 @entity12269 @entity167 @entity12781 @entity5748 @entity835 @entity889 @entity2072 @entity161 @entity30515
BACKGROUND: According to the self-medication hypothesis, @entity161 @entity1 would abuse psychoactive substances to get a relief from their negative symptoms. Studies testing the self-medication hypothesis in @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ) @entity161 have not been conclusive, with some studies showing that @entity5748 @entity1 experience fewer negative symptoms, whereas other studies have failed to detect such differences. One potential confounding factor for this discrepancy lies in the diverse scales used to evaluate the negative symptoms. A systematic quantitative review of the literature using computerized search engines has been undertaken. METHOD: Studies were retained in the analysis if: (i) they assessed negative symptoms using the @entity12269 ; (ii) groups of @entity161 @entity1 were divided according to substance use disorders ( @entity167 , @entity889 , @entity835 , @entity2072 , @entity30515 , @entity4521 and @entity12781 ). RESULTS: Attainable published studies were screened. According to our inclusion criteria, 18 possible studies emerged. Data from 11 studies were available for mathematical analysis. A moderate effect size (total n = 1135, 451 @entity5748 , 684 single diagnosis, adjusted Hedges' g = -0.470, p = 0.00001) was obtained, within a random-effect model, suggesting that @entity5748 @entity1 experience fewer negative symptoms. Groups did not differ in age, sex, and positive/general psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Using narrow criteria (e.g. @entity12269 ), the results of this meta-analysis show that @entity161 @entity1 with a substance use disorder experience fewer negative symptoms than abstinent @entity161 @entity1 . As such, these results suggest either that substance abuse relieves the negative symptoms of @entity161 or that the @entity1 with fewer negative symptoms would be more prone to substance use disorders.
