Course of smoking and quit attempts among clients with co-occurring severe XXXX and @entity734 .

@entity1 @entity1032 @entity146 @entity1239 @entity752 @entity734
OBJECTIVE: Approximately three-quarters of @entity1 with severe mental illnesses smoke cigarettes, and the rate is even higher among those with co-occurring @entity734 . This longitudinal study explored patterns of cigarette use and cessation attempts among mental health clients with co-occurring disorders. METHODS: Clients participating in a longitudinal study of co-occurring disorders (N=174) were assessed yearly over 11 years for smoking and smoking cessation behaviors, @entity146 symptoms, and other substance use, as well as social, occupational, and other characteristics. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine smoking cessation outcomes. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of @entity1 were current smokers at baseline. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 tried to quit at least once over the 11 years of the study, although none received @entity1239 replacement therapy or @entity752 . Only 17% were not smoking at the 11-year follow-up. The presence of a chronic general medical condition predicted a longer duration of not smoking in the past year. Being male and having a high school education or higher were associated with more attempts to quit smoking, as were higher scores on the activation subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, more social contact with non-substance-using friends, and more daily activities. CONCLUSIONS: Although many clients with co-occurring serious @entity1032 and @entity734 tried to quit each year, few achieved sustained abstinence and none used evidence-based interventions ( @entity1239 replacement therapy or @entity752 ). Treatment providers need to administer evidence-based interventions to help @entity1 quit successfully.
