Attainments in atop: special aspects of XXXX and IgE.

@entity1 @entity32 @entity2023 @entity4443 @entity566 @entity565 @entity281 @entity134 @entity56 @entity112 @entity2015 @entity220
Positive skin tests or elevated levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum define IgE sensitization or "atopy." The term " @entity566 " refers to the clinical expression of @entity2015 . Genetic predisposition and @entity281 in early childhood, together with exposure and sensitization to environmental allergens, fix the basis for the elevation of IgE in infancy. Elevated IgE shortly after birth is associated with later onset of @entity56 . IgE participates both in the immediate @entity56 response and in the induction of @entity32 . The @entity56 response is distinct from other immune reactions in its reliance on IgE, its high-affinity receptor @entity220 , and the primary effector cell-the tissue mast cell. IgE initiates the process of @entity32 by binding to @entity220 on inflammatory cells in the airways, the gut, and the skin. Cross-linking of the IgE molecules bound to @entity220 on the surface of mast cells by allergen initiates the early-phase @entity56 . IgE bound to @entity220 sets off the release of inflammatory mediators, including @entity112 , @entity4443 and cytokines, and leads to eosinophilic infiltration and @entity32 in the affected mucosa or skin. IgE, attached to the low-affinity receptor FcepsilonRII on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells, enhances allergen capture and type 2 helper T (Th2) cell activation, and may trigger other immunoregulatory pathways. Considerable effort in therapeutic research has focused on interference with IgE function because of its position high in the @entity56 cascade. Therapy with anti-IgE is one such approach that shows much promise. Large clinical studies of anti-IgE in adults and @entity1 have documented its safety and effectiveness by demonstrating the reduction of free IgE in circulation, inhibition of both early- and late-phase @entity56 reactions, @entity134 sparing, and protection against exacerbation of @entity565 and @entity2023 .
