Multiple leucocyte activation markers to XXXX .

@entity1 @entity295 @entity1195 @entity281 @entity2902 @entity7986
Diagnosis of @entity281 is often based on clinical signs. However, clinical symptoms of @entity281 may not be specific, and for this reason early diagnosis is often determined on results of laboratory tests, which may not currently be adequate. A more reliable method of detection of @entity281 may be the demonstration of activated lymphocytes, which can be conducted rapidly and before the isolation of the infected organism. We have shown that detection of up-regulation of CD45RO, an activated/memory isoform of @entity1195 present on T cells, provides a reasonably sensitive screening test for @entity281 . We also showed that dual expression of CD45RA/CD45RO was up-regulated early during the infective process in neonates with documented @entity281 . However, other leucocytes are also activated during the infective process. To improve the sensitivity of the @entity281 screening test and to identify the types of leucocytes involved in the immune response to the infective organism, we studied further the up-regulation of a comprehensive range of surface activation markers on T cells, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells from a group of 17 newborn @entity1 with positive culture, a group of 40 possibly infected @entity1 based on clinical signs and a control group. 'Normal' ranges were established for each activation marker for each leucocyte subset from 1 to 7 and 7-14-day-old newborns <35 weeks' gestation and 35-40 weeks' gestation. There was a significant increase in the percentage of T cells expressing @entity2902 in the peripheral blood from @entity1 at 2 weeks of age. Expression of HLA-DR on T cells, @entity2902 and @entity7986 on monocytes and HLA-DR on NK cells was also increased significantly in the peripheral blood from @entity1 at 2 weeks of age and may reflect a maturation of these functional surface molecules. Up-regulation of @entity7986 on NK cells was the most sensitive marker for @entity295 (positive in 13/16 @entity1 ). @entity7986 and @entity2902 expression was increased significantly on T cells in 11/17 and 10/17 @entity1 , respectively. A combination of CD45RA/CD45RO and CD45RO identified 11/16 infected @entity1 . Measurement of @entity7986 expression on NK cells with CD45RA, CD45RO, @entity2902 and @entity7986 expression on T cells resulted in a significant increase in at least two leucocyte activation markers from infected @entity1 . In conclusion, this is the first report of the up-regulation of @entity7986 on NK cells as a sensitive marker of @entity281 . A combination of this marker with CD45RA, CD45RO, @entity2902 and @entity7986 expression on peripheral blood derived T cells is the most sensitive and specific for @entity281 .
