@entity1602 stimulates @entity3009 synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in activated XXXX liver macrophages.

@entity10613 @entity1880 @entity1219 @entity1421 @entity2425 @entity141 @entity1359 @entity7489 @entity3009 @entity25883 @entity619 @entity4316 @entity3899 @entity35 @entity3352 @entity4665 @entity1602 @entity3363 @entity8228
The effect of aniso-osmotic exposure on the level of inducible cyclooxygenase ( @entity4665 ) and on prostanoid synthesis was studied in cultured @entity35 liver macrophages (Kupffer cells). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or @entity1359 -stimulated Kupffer cells, hyperosmotic (355 mosmol/l) exposure, due to addition of @entity1219 or impermeant @entity3363 , markedly increased @entity3009 (PG) E2, D2 and @entity7489 synthesis in a time- and osmolarity-dependent manner. Increased prostanoid production was observed about 8 h after exposure to LPS in hyperosmotic medium compared to Kupffer cells treated with LPS under normotonic (305 mosmol/l) conditions. A similar stimulatory effect of @entity1602 on @entity1421 production was also seen when @entity3899 was added exogenously. Hyperosmotic stimulation of @entity1421 production was accompanied by a strong induction of @entity4665 mRNA levels and an increase in immunoreactive @entity4665 , whereas the levels of immunoreactive phospholipase A2 and @entity25883 did not change significantly. @entity619 , @entity3352 and the selective @entity4665 inhibitor, @entity8228 , abolished the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of @entity1421 formation; @entity619 also prevented the increase in @entity4665 mRNA and protein. The increase of immunoreactive @entity4665 lasted for about 24 h and was also blocked by @entity4316 or @entity1880 , but not by @entity10613 . @entity2425 or treatment with endoglucosidase H reduced the molecular mass of hypertonicity-induced @entity4665 by 5 kDa. @entity2425 treatment also suppressed the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of @entity1421 production. The @entity1602 /LPS-induced stimulation of @entity3009 formation was partly sensitive to protein kinase C inhibition but was not accompanied by an increase in the cytosolic free @entity141 concentration. The data suggest that osmolarity may be a critical factor in the regulation of @entity4665 expression and prostanoid production in activated @entity35 liver macrophages.
