Surgical Management of Eloquent Supratentorial XXXX with Special Emphasis on Intraoperative Imaging.

@entity1 @entity410 @entity5 @entity16 @entity11
UNASSIGNED: Objective   Eloquent diffuse low-grade @entity11 (LGGs) threaten @entity1 ' neurologic function and are also associated with inferior survival. Many neurosurgeons still refrain from early resection due to the fear of iatrogenic @entity16 . However, the perceived safety of expectant management strategies may soon be overshadowed by the progressive @entity5 growth in eloquent regions. It is also known that radical and successful surgery prolongs progression-free survival, overall survival, and may reduce @entity410 burden and also potentially neurocognitive functions. Thus early successful surgery with preservation of function has a significant impact on @entity1 ' health. In modern neurosurgery, safe resection is often possible with detailed knowledge of anatomy and function together with the active use of various intraoperative surgical tools. We present illustrative cases of eloquent LGGs treated with different intraoperative tools. Methods   An introduction to important intraoperative tools in LGG surgery is provided by experts in the field and described in five cases viewed in the context of the recent LGG literature. Results   We present five cases with presumed eloquently located LGGs where extensive resection was offered using different intraoperative techniques. The clinical and radiologic outcomes are described. Conclusions   Correct use of intraoperative tools together with the surgeon's knowledge of anatomy and function will provide good functional and oncologic results in eloquently located LGGs. Watchful waiting or deferral of surgery due to @entity5 location (i.e., claiming inoperability) is very rarely good practice.
