[Evulsion of the optic nerve following blunt XXXX . Case report and review of the literature].

@entity1 @entity82 @entity548 @entity1939 @entity1781 @entity130
BACKGROUND: Evulsion of the optic nerve is a rare form of @entity1781 . It is a rupture of the optic nerve at the disc without damage of its sheaths occurring in association with a blunt skull @entity130 or a blunt @entity130 . METHOD: We report on a 13-year old @entity1 with complete evulsion of the optic nerve after blunt @entity130 and give a literature review. RESULTS: While swinging on a liana the @entity1 had crashed into a tree. The initial examination 3 hours after the accident revealed at the right eye an @entity1939 without any afferent reaction of the pupil to light. Ophthalmoscopy displayed a @entity548 at the optic disc, peripapillar white retina and interruption of the blood flow of all visible retinal vessels. Fluorescein angiogram showed no retinal perfusion and a detatched retina above the disc. Echographic examination revealed a @entity548 at the disc shaped like a mushroom. From the eighth day, examination of the retina became impossible due to disseminating @entity548 . After 8 months @entity548 had disappeared revealing a white @entity82 at the area of the optic disc. Since first histological description of an optic nerve evulsion by His in 1856, 42 @entity1 with complete and 23 with partial evulsion of the optic nerve were reported in the literature. In our review different mechanisms of injury are discussed. CONCLUSION: Evulsion of the optic nerve is rarely reported. It is possible that it may occur more frequently, because it cannot be seen in blunt or also penetrating @entity130 with severe intraocular cloudiness.
