Association of pediatric XXXX with passive smoking.

@entity1 @entity286 @entity1547 @entity4874
CONTEXT: @entity1547 is the most common chronic disease of @entity1 and it disproportionately affects those living in poverty, but the reasons for this are not clear. Passive smoking may be a modifiable risk factor for @entity1547 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between @entity1547 and serum @entity4874 levels. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cross-sectional data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) of 3531 @entity1 aged 4 to 11 years, who had had both dental examinations and a serum @entity4874 level measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Passive smoking defined as serum @entity4874 levels of 0.2 to 10 ng/mL and caries defined as decayed (unfilled) or filled tooth surfaces. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the @entity1 had at least 1 unfilled decayed tooth surface and 33% had at least 1 filled surface. Fifty-three percent had @entity4874 levels consistent with passive smoking. Elevated @entity4874 level was significantly associated with both decayed (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-2.9) and filled (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8) tooth surfaces in deciduous but not in permanent teeth. This relationship persisted after adjusting for age, sex, race, family income, geographic region, frequency of dental visits, and blood lead level. For @entity1547 in deciduous teeth, the adjusted OR was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.7) for the risk of decayed surfaces and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-2.0) for filled surfaces. We estimated the population attributable risk from passive smoking to be 27% for decayed and 14% for filled tooth surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between environmental @entity286 smoke and risk of caries among @entity1 . Reduction of passive smoking is important not only for the prevention of many medical problems, but also for the promotion of @entity1 's dental health.
