Cross-sectional echocardiographic study on XXXX : pre- and postoperative considerations.

@entity1 @entity118
The interatrial septum (IAS) has not been readily appreciated by M-mode echocardiography, but cross-sectional echocardiography has the capability of recording the shape and location of the IAS. Thirty-five @entity1 with secundum @entity118 ( @entity118 ) were studied with cross-sectional echocardiography for detection of the @entity118 defect and demonstration of the IAS features following @entity118 closure. The @entity118 was shown as an echo dropout at the mid-portion of the septum in those @entity1 examined in the present study in the horizontal cross-sections at the fourth intercostal space. The edge of the remaining IAS sharply demarcated and the defect was constantly demonstrated. In the postoperative @entity1 , the IAS was recognized as a smooth series of echoes and the defect was no longer recognized. A notch echo was demonstrated in @entity1 who underwent direct suture of the defect, and two notch echoes were recorded in @entity1 who had a patch closure from a cardiac operation. The size of the defect at cardiac operation ranged from 1.5 to 5.0 cm with an average of 3.3 +/- 0.2 cm. The defect was slightly smaller on cross-sectional echocardiograms than at the time of operation. As the defect grew larger, the right ventricular dimension and the Qp/Qs became larger as well. Postoperatively, the right ventricular dimension was remarkably decreased, and the paradoxical movement of the interventricular septum (IVS) was normalized in the majority of the @entity1 . Cross-sectional echocardiography is useful to diagnose @entity118 , to measure the size of the IAS defect, and to follow the clinical course.
