The Bacterial and Fungal Diversity of an Aged XXXX - and Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil is Affected by Plant Cover and Edaphic Parameters.

@entity137 @entity1568 @entity2556 @entity364 @entity3151
UNASSIGNED: Industrial wasteland soils with aged @entity2556 and heavy metal contaminations are environments where pollutant @entity137 has been maintained for decades. Although the communities may be well adapted to the presence of stressors, knowledge about microbial diversity in such soils is scarce. Soil microbial community dynamics can be driven by the presence of plants, but the impact of plant development on selection or diversification of microorganisms in these soils has not been established yet. To test these hypotheses, aged-contaminated soil samples from a field trial were collected. Plots planted with alfalfa were compared to bare soil plots, and @entity364 and abundance were assessed after 2 and 6  years. Using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons, we showed that the bacterial community was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and was characterized by low Acidobacteria abundance, while the fungal community was mainly represented by members of the Ascomycota. The short-term toxic impact of pollutants usually reduces the microbial diversity, yet in our samples bacterial and fungal species richness and diversity was high suggesting that the community structure and diversity adapted to the contaminated soil over decades. The presence of plants induced higher @entity364 than in bare soil. It also increased the relative abundance of bacterial members of the Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales, and Xanthomonadales orders and of most fungal orders. Multivariate analysis showed correlations between microbial community structure and heavy metal and @entity2556 concentrations over time, but also with edaphic parameters (C/N, pH, @entity3151 , and @entity1568 concentrations).
