Trichloroethylene: a cardiac teratogen in developing XXXX embryos.

@entity4966 @entity473 @entity66 @entity1757 @entity600 @entity1573 @entity299
Prior studies have evaluated the teratogenicity of @entity4966 , a contaminant of drinking water. However, none specifically examined effects of @entity4966 on cardiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity4966 is a cardiac teratogen in early embryogenesis in an avian model. Fertile White Leghorn @entity1573 eggs were incubated under standard conditions. At stage 6, 12, 18, or 23, @entity4966 , in concentrations of 5 to 25 microM (2 to 28 micrograms/g body weight) was injected into the air space of the egg (vol = 0.03 ml). Mineral oil and saline served as control solutions. For this double-blinded study, solutions were coded and remained so until all observations were made and recorded. Embryonic hearts (n = 1055) were examined at stage 29, 34, or 44. Gross examination was performed, followed by microdissection. @entity299 were found in 7.3% of @entity4966 -treated hearts, compared to 2.3% of saline controls (p less than 0.01), and 1.5% of mineral oil controls (p less than 0.001). No significant difference in incidence of @entity600 was found when comparing saline and mineral oil controls. @entity299 include @entity1757 , cor biloculare, @entity66 , @entity473 , and abnormal cardiac muscle. These data demonstrate that @entity4966 is a cardiac teratogen in an avian model.
