XXXX in @entity162 : from acute episode to remission.

@entity1 @entity162 @entity308 @entity2749 @entity73 @entity51 @entity716 @entity1155 @entity2414 @entity25
UNASSIGNED: Considerable evidence demonstrates that @entity51 are prevalent in @entity162 during both acute @entity2749 and euthymia. However, it is less clear whether these cognitive disturbances are state- or trait-related. We here present the first longitudinal study employing a within-subject pre- and post-testing examining acutely admitted bipolar @entity1 (BP) in @entity308 or @entity162 and during euthymia, aiming to identify cognitive performance from acute illness to remission. Cognitive performance was measured during acute @entity2749 and repeated after at least 3  months of remission. To do so, 55 BP (35 @entity308 , 20 hypo-/ @entity162 ) and 55 healthy controls (HC) were tested with a neuropsychological test battery (attention, working memory, verbal memory, executive functioning). The results showed @entity73 in acutely ill BP compared to HC: @entity308 @entity1 showed a characteristic @entity1155 , while @entity162 @entity1 had severe deficits in executive functioning. Twenty-nine remitted BP could be measured in the follow-up (dropout rate 48  %), whose cognitive functions partially recovered, whereas working @entity2414 were still impaired. However, we found that subthreshold @entity308 and persisting @entity25 in euthymic BP were associated with reduced speed, @entity2414 , while working memory was correlated with @entity716 (lifetime). This result indicates working memory as trait related for a subgroup of BP with @entity716 . In contrast, attention and verbal memory are negatively influenced by state factors like residual symptoms, which should be more considered as possible confounders in the search of cognitive endophenotypes in remitted BP.
