Relationships among environmental exposures, cord blood cytokine responses, XXXX , and wheeze at 1 year of age in an inner-city birth cohort (Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma study).

@entity1 @entity7459 @entity308 @entity19 @entity565 @entity566 @entity1239 @entity4874 @entity56 @entity484
BACKGROUND: The Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma study was established to investigate the immunologic and environmental causes of @entity565 in inner-city @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate potential atopic outcomes in the first 12 months and their relationships to environmental exposures and immune development. METHODS: A birth cohort of 560 @entity1 with at least 1 parent with @entity566 or @entity565 was established in Baltimore, Boston, New York, and St Louis. Wheezing is assessed every 3 months, allergen-specific IgE yearly, and mononuclear cell cytokine responses at birth and yearly; environmental assessments include dust allergen and endotoxin, maternal stress, and indoor @entity1239 and @entity7459 levels. RESULTS: Key outcomes in the first year include wheeze in 49%, 2 or more episodes of wheeze in 23%, @entity484 in 30%, and detectable IgE to milk, egg, and/or peanut in 32% and to cockroach in 4%. Household dust revealed levels of greater than 2  g/g to cockroach in 40%, mite in 19%, cat in 25%, and @entity19 in 29%, and 66% of homes housed at least 1 smoker. Positive associations were detected between multiple wheeze and @entity4874 levels, maternal stress, and maternal @entity308 , whereas cytokine responses to a variety of innate, adaptive, and mitogenic stimuli were inversely related to @entity484 . CONCLUSIONS: This high-risk cohort of inner-city @entity1 is exhibiting high rates of wheeze, @entity56 . Low cytokine responses at birth might be a risk factor for @entity484 , whereas a variety of adverse environmental exposures contribute to the risk of wheezing in infancy. These findings provide evidence of specificity in the interactions between immune development, environmental exposures, and the development of early features that might predict future @entity565 .
