XXXX @entity850 : natural history and management.

@entity1 @entity64 @entity3538 @entity1109 @entity850 @entity543
@entity3538 stenosis is an important cause of @entity64 . The natural history of the disease is related to the presence or absence of @entity1109 and the severity of @entity850 . Doppler ultrasound is commonly used as a screening test, with more advanced noninvasive imaging studies such as computerized tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) utilized as confirmatory tests if invasive treatment is contemplated. With less-invasive imaging techniques, traditional catheter angiography is rarely indicated for the diagnosis of @entity543 . Medical therapy remains the mainstay of treatment in @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity850 . Invasive treatment of asymptomatic @entity543 is indicated in a selected group of @entity1 with severe @entity850 and life expectancy exceeding 5 years. Invasive treatment is indicated for symptomatic @entity1 with @entity850 greater than 70% and in selected @entity1 with recent symptoms and moderate (50% to 69%) @entity850 . The risk of @entity64 is highest in the first few weeks following a presenting symptomatic event. Therefore, when indicated, invasive treatment of symptomatic disease should be considered soon after presenting symptoms to maximize the benefit of the procedure. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remains the gold standard for invasive treatment of internal carotid artery disease (symptomatic and asymptomatic). However, based on recent evidence, carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is a valid alternative to CEA in an increasing percentage of @entity1 in need of invasive treatment. Regardless of treatment modality, proper @entity1 selection for invasive treatment remains the single most important factor to insure proper use of available technology.
