E- and A-type cyclins as markers for XXXX diagnosis and prognosis.

@entity1 @entity20408 @entity1364 @entity0 @entity5 @entity3052 @entity15308 @entity58665 @entity7596
@entity1364 -dependent kinase ( @entity15308 interacting cyclins perform essential functions for DNA replication and cellular proliferation. The @entity1 genome encodes two E-type cyclins (E and E2) and two A-type cyclins (A1 and A2). Dysregulation of the @entity15308 -bound cyclins plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . @entity7596 is associated with cellular proliferation and can be used for molecular diagnostics as a proliferation marker. In addition, @entity7596 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in several types of @entity5 . @entity58665 is a tissue-specific @entity1364 that is highly expressed in @entity3052 and in @entity5 . High levels of @entity1364 E expression are found in many types of @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity1364 E at the mRNA level can be based on gene amplification and transcriptional mechanisms. In addition, proteolytically cleaved forms of @entity1364 E that show oncogenic functions have been described. @entity1364 E plays a critical role for G1/S transition. Its overexpression is not only associated with proliferation but rather indicates a more malignant phenotype which is likely to be linked to the induction of chromosomal instability. These biological functions of @entity1364 E relate to a poor prognosis when high @entity1364 E levels are found. The link between @entity1364 E and poor prognosis is well established in @entity0 but is likely to be observed in other @entity5 as well. The second E-type @entity1364 , @entity20408 , has been shown to be overexpressed in @entity0 although the potential role as a diagnostic or prognostic marker is unknown. This review provides an overview of the potential of cyclins E and A as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in @entity1 @entity5 .
