The effect of cell-free hemoglobin on intravascular clearance and cellular, plasma, and organ distribution of bacterial endotoxin in XXXX .

@entity558 @entity137 @entity95 @entity1496
Cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) and bacterial endotoxin ( @entity558 ) synergistically produce @entity137 . To elucidate possible mechanisms, three groups of @entity95 received @entity558 alone, @entity558 plus human serum albumin (HSA), or @entity558 plus Hb (Hb group). The intravascular retention of injected @entity1496 125-labeled @entity558 during the 30-minute period analyzed was significantly longer in the Hb group than in the @entity558 alone or HSA groups (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.03, respectively), especially during the initial 10 minutes. The intravascular half-life of @entity558 in the @entity558 control, HSA, and Hb groups was 2.8, 4.0, and 4.9 minutes, respectively; the area under the curve was 1369 +/- 483, 1594 +/- 360, and 1731 +/- 481, respectively (ng/ml x minutes, mean +/- SD); and the total body clearance was 24.7 +/- 9.2, 20.1 +/- 5.4, and 18.9 +/- 6.0 (ml/min, mean +/- SD), respectively. The proportion of @entity558 associated with blood cells was very small at the initial 1-minute time period, and this decreased even further during the 30-minute period analyzed (p = 0.0001). Over 96% of injected @entity558 was associated with the cell-free plasma, with 51% to 54% of @entity558 in the apoprotein fraction at the initial time point and 35% to 37% in the HDL fraction. The proportion of @entity558 increased significantly in the HDL fraction and decreased significantly in apoproteins during the 30-minute period analyzed (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.002, respectively). However, there were no differences between the three groups. The liver was the main distribution site (74%) of injected @entity558 among the six organs evaluated. In the Hb group the accumulation of 125I-labeled @entity558 in the spleen was significantly lower than that in the HSA group (p = 0.05). The synergism of the in vivo @entity137 reported for @entity558 and Hb may be due, in part, to the decreased rate of intravascular clearance of endotoxin.
