Congenital XXXX of the extraocular muscles.

@entity1 @entity940 @entity227 @entity82 @entity75 @entity9301 @entity74 @entity1736 @entity1319
BACKGROUND: Congenital @entity82 of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) describes a group of rare @entity1319 that result from the dysfunction of all or part of the oculomotor (CN 3) and the trochlear (CN 4) nerves, and/or the muscles these nerves innervate. AIM: To describe the clinical and neuro-radiological findings in three @entity1 with CFEOM and review literature with respect to clinical features, genetics and management of this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of three Omani @entity1 who had been diagnosed with CFEOM in our institution. All @entity1 had undergone standardized orthoptic and ocular evaluations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits and brain. RESULTS: The three @entity1 (age range nine months - 10 years) presented a history of congenital strabismus. All @entity1 had severe @entity1736 and mild to moderate @entity227 secondary to the @entity1736 and @entity940 . Two of three @entity1 demonstrated a positive @entity9301 . A moderate to large angle exotropia with varying amount of hypotropia and limitations of almost all the extra ocular muscles was noted. @entity1 3 was also developmentally delayed. MRI brain and orbit showed abnormalities of the extraocular muscles in two @entity1 and @entity75 in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: CFEOM is a rare, congenital, and @entity74 with multiple extra ocular muscle restrictions. CFEOM can be associated with neuro-radiological abnormalities; its diagnosis and classification is defined by clinical characteristics and genetics. Options for treatment are limited and difficult.
