Regional generation of free oxygen radicals during cardiopulmonary bypass in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity5694 @entity3335 @entity3625 @entity1234 @entity2332
Studies on free radical generation during cardiopulmonary bypass have focused mainly on the heart and the lungs. However, low pumping pressure, nonpulsatile perfusion, and @entity2332 affect the entire circulation, resulting in decreased splanchnic blood flow, increased intestinal permeability, and @entity5694 . To evaluate regional phenomena, we studied 16 @entity1 undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Free radical production, granulocyte activation, and @entity3625 metabolism were assessed separately in the circulations drained by the inferior and superior venae cavae, as well as in the oxygenator. Three minutes after the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass, significant gradients between the inferior vena cava and the arterial line of the oxygenator existed in @entity1234 (+0.60 +/- 0.12 mumol/L, lactoferrin (+18.21 +/- 7.65 micrograms/L), @entity3335 (+53.75 +/- 16.50 micrograms/L), @entity3625 (-0.62 +/- 0.15 mumol/L), and urate (+8.87 +/- 4.03 mumol/L). These gradients decreased in parallel with decreasing body temperature. Except for a transient gradient in @entity1234 at 3 minutes after the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass (+0.23 +/- 0.08 mumol/L), no changes were detected between the superior vena cava and the arterial line. In the oxygenator, granulocyte activation was observed only after aortic declamping. We conclude that during cardiopulmonary bypass, significant free radical generation, granulocyte activation, @entity3625 elimination, and urate production take place in the region drained by the inferior vena cava. In the oxygenator, granulocyte activation occurs only after aortic declamping.
