The Effects of Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Protocols on Cortical Gene Expression in a XXXX Model of Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury.

@entity1 @entity1545 @entity32 @entity64 @entity63 @entity2500 @entity35
UNASSIGNED: Although repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in treatment of @entity64 in @entity1 has been explored over the past decade the data remain controversial in terms of optimal stimulation parameters and the mechanisms of rTMS long-term effects. This study aimed to explore the potential of different rTMS protocols to induce changes in gene expression in @entity35 cortices after acute @entity63 -reperfusion @entity1545 . The @entity64 was induced by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) with subsequent reperfusion. Changes in the expression of 96 genes were examined using low-density expression arrays after @entity2500 alone and after @entity2500 combined with 1Hz, 5Hz, continuous (cTBS) and intermittent (iTBS) theta-burst rTMS. rTMS over the lesioned hemisphere was given for two weeks (with a 2-day pause) in a single daily session and a total of 2400 pulses. @entity2500 alone induced significant upregulation in the expression of 44 genes and downregulation in 10. Two weeks of iTBS induced significant increase in the expression of 52 genes. There were no downregulated genes. 1Hz and 5Hz had no significant effects on gene expression, while cTBS effects were negligible. Upregulated genes included those involved in angiogenesis, @entity32 , injury response and cellular repair, structural remodeling, neuroprotection, neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity. The results show that long-term rTMS in acute @entity63 -reperfusion @entity1545 induces complex changes in gene expression that span multiple pathways, which generally promote the recovery. They also demonstrate that induced changes primarily depend on the rTMS frequency (1Hz and 5Hz vs. iTBS) and pattern (cTBS vs. iTBS). The results further underlines the premise that one of the benefits of rTMS application in @entity64 may be to prime the brain, enhancing its potential to cope with the injury and to rewire. This could further augment its potential to favorably respond to rehabilitation, and to restore some of the loss functions.
