Variation in symptoms of @entity25 XXXX with race and ethnicity: the Sleep Heart Health Study.

@entity1 @entity25 @entity1353
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation of sleep-related symptoms to race and ethnicity in a diverse sample of middle-aged and older @entity1 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. SETTING: In the initial phase of the Sleep Heart Health Study, @entity1 and @entity1 enrolled in participating epidemiologic cohort studies were surveyed. @entity1 : 13,194 @entity1 and @entity1 40 years of age and older, including 11,517 non-Hispanic white, 648 black, 643 American Indian, 296 Hispanic, and 90 Asian-Pacific Islander. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: After adjustment for BMI and other factors, frequent snoring was more common among Hispanic @entity1 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48, 3.42) and black @entity1 (OR = 1.55, 95% Ci = 1.13, 2.13) than among non-Hispanic white @entity1 . Hispanic @entity1 were significantly more likely to report frequent snoring than non-Hispanic white @entity1 (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.43, 3.69). Black, American Indian, and Asian @entity1 did not differ significantly from white @entity1 in snoring prevalence. American Indian @entity1 were significantly more likely to report @entity1353 pauses during sleep than their white, non-Hispanic counterparts (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.03, 2.24), although polysomnography data on a subset of the sample suggested that the association between this symptom reported on questionnaire and objective evidence of @entity25 @entity1353 may be weaker among American Indians than among other groups. Mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were slightly higher in black @entity1 and @entity1 than in their white, non-hispanic counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent snoring was more common among black and Hispanic @entity1 and Hispanic @entity1 than among their white non-Hispanic counterparts, even after adjusting for BMI and other factors. Further research including polysomnography and objective measurements of sleepiness is needed to assess the physiologic and clinical significance of these findings.
