Urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and L-FABP concentrations in antenatal XXXX .

@entity1 @entity8818 @entity8 @entity844 @entity3041 @entity1011
INTRODUCTION: The clinical tests currently in use for obstructive @entity8 (such as renal ultrasonography, differential radionuclide renal scans and urinary @entity1011 concentration data) are not efficient predictors of the subsequent clinical course. Novel and simple biomarkers are required which, if proven, could be clinically beneficial in determining if a @entity1 is eligible for surgery or reno-protective therapy. More recently, the interest of clinicians has focused on the potential of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary @entity8 molecule-1 (uKIM-1) and urinary liver-type @entity844 -binding proteins (uL-FABP) as biomarkers for renal function in @entity1 with @entity3041 ( @entity3041 ). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible clinical applications of uNGAL, uKIM-1 and uL-FABP as beneficial non-invasive biomarkers to determine whether or not surgical intervention is required in @entity1 with @entity3041 . STUDY DESIGN: Renal ultrasonography and radionuclide renal scans were used as diagnostic tools to detect @entity3041 . @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the antero-posterior diameter of their renal pelvis and the presence of dysfunction. Group 1 included 26 @entity1 with severe @entity3041 (with dysfunction), and group 2 consisted of 36 @entity1 with mild @entity3041 (without dysfunction). Urine samples were collected from 62 @entity1 with @entity3041 and 20 healthy @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity3041 was more common in males than in females, with a male to female ratio of 9:1 in the study sample. The incidence of left kidney involvement (32 @entity1 ) was slightly higher than right kidney involvement (28 @entity1 ). Compared with controls and group 2, the ratio of uNGAL to @entity1011 was significantly higher in group 1 (p  <  0.05). The biomarker uNGAL/ @entity8818 exhibited fairly good diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.68 [95% confidence interval 0.6-0.7] and an optimal cut-off value of 0.16  ng/mg @entity8818 (sensitivity 58%, specificity 75%) (p  <  0.05). There was a positive correlation between the uNGAL/ @entity8818 ratio and the uKIM-1/ @entity8818 ratio (r  =  0.582, p  <  0.05) and uL-FABP/ @entity8818 ratio (r  =  0675, p  <  0.05) in group 1. DISCUSSION: The results clearly demonstrated that @entity1 with @entity3041 and dysfunction had significantly increased uNGAL, and uNGAL/ @entity8818 concentrations. However, uKIM-1, uKIM-1/ @entity8818 , uL-FABP and uL-FABP/ @entity8818 concentrations were not significantly different when compared with controls. These results support the use of uNGAL concentrations as an early marker for @entity8 in @entity3041 . CONCLUSIONS: The study clearly demonstrated that pediatric @entity1 with @entity3041 and dysfunction had significantly higher uNGAL to @entity1011 concentrations as compared with controls.
