Different mechanisms of macrophage activation with XXXX macrophage activation factor, lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide.

@entity7192 @entity840 @entity6105 @entity18150 @entity141 @entity8776 @entity413
The mechanism of macrophage activation was studied using three activating substances, @entity840 macrophage activation factor (MAF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl dipeptide ( @entity7192 ). @entity840 peritoneal exudate macrophages were activated to exhibit the accelerated @entity413 consumption in response to these activating substances. Calmodulin-specific inhibitors, @entity6105 and No. 233, inhibited macrophage activation with MAF and LPS, while these inhibitors did not affect the activation with @entity7192 . @entity141 uptake into macrophages was enhanced in MAF-treated macrophages, but LPS and @entity7192 did not affect the @entity141 uptake. @entity8776 and @entity18150 , inhibitors of transglutaminase-dependent protein internalization into cells and/or of lysosomal enzymes, effectively inhibited the activating effect of LPS, but not those of MAF and @entity7192 . These results suggest that @entity141 and calmodulin play a role in macrophage activation with MAF, and neither transglutaminase-dependent internalization nor lysosomal enzymes participate in the activation process. In case of LPS, internalization into cells would be necessary for its activating effect. The processing of the contrary, since the activating effect of @entity7192 was not affected by any of these inhibitors, the mechanism of activation with @entity7192 remains obscure. Thus, the mechanisms of macrophage activation with MAF, LPS and @entity7192 appear to be different from each other.
