Oxidative injury to the locus coeruleus of XXXX brain: neuroprotection by @entity2493 .

@entity22292 @entity10157 @entity1977 @entity2493 @entity179 @entity35 @entity669 @entity1063 @entity68
@entity179 in the locus coeruleus (LC) has been documented in several central nervous system (CNS) @entity179 . In the present study, @entity68 -induced oxidative injury in the LC was investigated in @entity22292 anesthetized @entity35 . Three days after bilateral infusion of @entity68 in the LC, both vertical and horizontal locomotor activities were decreased. Seven days after unilateral infusion of @entity68 , lipid peroxidation was elevated in the infused LC, and the @entity1063 content was depleted in the ipsilateral hippocampus of the brain. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical study demonstrated a reduction in @entity669 hydroxylase-positive neurons in the infused LC. The involvement of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in @entity68 -induced oxidative injury in the LC was investigated. Forty-eight hours after @entity68 infusion, cytosolic cytochrome c was elevated in the infused LC. Moreover, terminal deoxytransferase-mediated @entity1977 -nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, an indicative of apoptosis, were detected in the infused LC. In an attempt to prevent oxidative injury in the LC, @entity2493 was systemically administered. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity2493 attenuated @entity68 -induced behavioral changes in locomotor activity as well as @entity68 -induced increases in cytosolic cytochrome c and TUNEL-positive cells. Moreover, @entity2493 diminished @entity68 -induced oxidative injury. At the same time, the level of @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ) was elevated in the LC of @entity2493 -treated @entity35 . Our data suggests that oxidative stress because of @entity68 results in apoptosis in the infused LC and causes degeneration of the coeruleohippocampal noradrenergic system in the @entity35 brain. Furthermore, @entity2493 , among other mechanisms, may exert its neuroprotection via up-regulation of @entity10157 levels in CNS.
