XXXX and back surface asymmetry in @entity2112 .

@entity1 @entity1635 @entity2112 @entity717 @entity85
Stereo radiography and stereotopography were used to record simultaneously the three-dimensional spinal and back surface shape of 141 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of adolescent onset @entity2112 . Radiography confirmed 80 @entity1 with single lateral curves (Cobb angle 5-87 degrees); 59 with double curves (Cobb angle 5-61 degrees), and two @entity1 with triple curves. Orientation of each vertebra was measured by the lateral deviation from the spinal axis and the @entity717 . For each curve detected, the Cobb angle, the maximum deviation, the maximum @entity717 , and the sagittal plane curvature was measured. Topographic data were used to generate a profile of a cross-section through the back of each vertebral level. This section was characterized by its @entity717 , deviation of its midpoint from the spinal axis, and area symmetry about the midpoint. Maximum values of these measurements in the region of each radiographic @entity1635 curve were noted. Regression and correlation analysis showed (for each curve) a high correlation of apical vertebral lateral deviation with back surface @entity717 (r = 0.79) and with vertebral @entity717 (r = 0.79). The back surface rotation was less than @entity717 in magnitude, however, by a mean factor of 0.55. The measurement of the back surface asymmetry that gave the highest correlation with the @entity85 was the @entity717 . Relationships between skeletal and surface measures were similar for curves in thoracic and lumbar regions and for @entity1 with single and double curves. There is potential for clinical application of surface measurement techniques to prescription of orthoses and monitoring of changes due to progression or treatment.
