The evolution of pharmacotherapy for rhinitis and XXXX .

@entity16206 @entity2023 @entity11886 @entity3045 @entity1425 @entity113 @entity460 @entity1162 @entity1499 @entity110
The efficacy of antihistamines in the treatment of @entity2023 and @entity110 is compared. In treating @entity2023 , the new second- and third-generation antihistamines have multiple advantages including rapid onset of action, extended duration of action, and efficacy for nearly all the symptoms that are produced by allergen sensitization. These include non-nasal and nasal symptoms. These agents are generally nonsedating and can be administered either once or twice daily. There is minimal potentiation for @entity1162 , and they are safe and effective as first-line therapies for @entity2023 . They are especially effective when combined with topical corticosteroids in reducing the whole constellation of symptomatology of @entity2023 . The treatment of chronic idiopathic @entity110 should include second- and third-generation antihistamines as primary therapy. Additional therapy may include H2 antagonists, @entity16206 -decongestant combinations, tricyclic antidepressants such as @entity11886 , and beta-adrenergic agonists including @entity3045 and @entity1425 for acute @entity113 . Corticosteroids may be required to treat significant exacerbations of chronic @entity110 and/or to break a long-standing cycle of @entity110 . Miscellaneous therapeutic agents include leukotriene antagonists combined with H1, H2 antagonists, @entity460 channel antagonists, plasmapheresis, cyclosporin and @entity1499 .
