@entity6 , Smoking, @entity167 Use, and Family History of Cancer as Risk Factors for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

@entity6196 @entity788 @entity6 @entity167 @entity5
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Risk factors for @entity788 ( @entity788 ) are not well understood. The aim of this systematic review was to assess if @entity6 , smoking, @entity167 use, and family history of @entity5 are risk factors for @entity788 . METHODS: MEDLINE and abstracts from the European and North American @entity5 Societies (ENETS and NANETS) were searched for studies published until October 2013. Eligible studies were selected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS: Five studies evaluating 4 individual populations were included (study accrual period 2000-2011) into the meta-analysis, involving 827 cases (range 160-309 per study) and 2,407 controls (range 233-924 per study). All studies had a case-control design and described regional series. The pooled adjusted odds ratio was 2.74 (95% CI: 1.63-4.62; p < 0.01; I(2) = 60.4%) for history of @entity6 , 1.21 (95% CI: 0.92-1.58; p = 0.18; I(2) = 45.8%) for ever smoking, 1.37 (95% CI: 0.99-1.91; p = 0.06; I(2) = 0.0%) for heavy smoking, 1.09 (95% CI: 0.64-1.85; p = 0.75; I(2) = 85.2%) for ever @entity167 use, 2.72 (95% CI: 1.25-5.91; p = 0.01; I(2) = 57.8%) for heavy @entity167 use, and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.64-2.85; p < 0.01; I(2) = 0.0%) for first-degree family history of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 and first-degree family history of @entity5 are associated with an increased risk of @entity6196 . There was also a trend for diagnosis of @entity6196 associated with heavy smoking. @entity167 use may be a risk factor for @entity6196 , but there was considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. These results suggest the need for a larger, homogeneous, international study for the clarification of risk factors for the occurrence of @entity6196 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
