[Long-term treatment of chronic XXXX ].

@entity1 @entity308 @entity5785 @entity1245 @entity161 @entity1091 @entity2049
Long-term treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity161 requires integration of many therapeutic approaches, co-operation of several professions, and regard for the views of @entity1 and relatives. This review deals with practical aspects of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, cognitive resp. psychological treatments, social resp. milieu therapy, rehabilitation, interventions based on the concept of @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ), psychoeducation and work with relatives. Continuous neuroleptic treatment is indispensable in most cases to achieve social integration. Indications for adding on antidepressants, @entity1091 , @entity2049 , @entity1245 and other drugs are discussed, as well as treatment of negative symptoms, @entity308 and management of treatment-resistant symptoms. Psychotherapy needs to regard the possibilities of the @entity1 . In the context of a stable long-term relationship, the @entity1 is supported in experiencing himself as a subject capable of action. Effectiveness of cognitive treatments to date is limited. The best results are achieved by social skills training. Social therapy, which aims at the improvement of functional aspects of the @entity1 , is of paramount importance. Improved possibilities for work rehabilitation are contrasted by difficulties in financing long-term social rehabilitation. Interventions based on the @entity5785 concept are highly effective, but are rarely used. Programs that merely convey information without targeting behaviour modification are ineffective. The functions of facilities of treatment in the community are explained, the integrative role of case-management is stressed.
