Socioeconomic disparities across ethnicities: an application to cervical XXXX screening.

@entity5 @entity1
OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to investigate socioeconomic disparities in cervical @entity5 screening utilization among and between ethnic groups in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. METHODS: Data on 26,338 @entity1 aged 21 to 64 years were obtained from the 2007 to 2011 years of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Data on cervical @entity5 screening utilization in the preceding 12 months and 3 years, and a range of sociodemographic characteristics were included. Analyses were undertaken for all @entity1 and across racial/ethnic grouping (ie, white, black, Hispanic, and other). Concentration indices were used to measure the socioeconomic gradient across ethnic groups. Probit regression analyses were used to examine variations in utilization related to socioeconomic factors across ethnic groups controlling for a range of pertinent characteristics. RESULTS: Annual utilization rates are high in the United States (60.15%) and greatest among black @entity1 (66.25%). Disparities, as measured by concentration indices (CIs), are large in the United States, with the largest being for white @entity1 (CI, 0.179) relative to black (CI, 0.103) and Hispanic (CI, 0.081) @entity1 . Screening differences across income, education and insurance status are also greater amongst white @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Uptake of cervical @entity5 screening is common in the United States, with large socioeconomic disparities also evident. Those from lower socioeconomic or uninsured groups who are most likely to have, and to die from, cervical @entity5 , are least likely to use preventive screening. Disparities differ across ethnic groups and are greatest amongst white @entity1 . Incorporating organized screening may serve to improve both the systems efficiency and address disparities between and within groups.
