Default mode network connectivity as a function of familial and environmental risk for XXXX .

@entity1 @entity914 @entity161 @entity716 @entity130
BACKGROUND: Research suggests that altered interregional connectivity in specific networks, such as the default mode network (DMN), is associated with cognitive and @entity716 in @entity161 . In addition, frontal and limbic connectivity alterations have been associated with @entity130 , drug use and urban upbringing, though these environmental exposures have never been examined in relation to DMN functional connectivity in @entity914 . METHODS: Resting-state functional MRI scans were obtained from 73 @entity1 with @entity914 , 83 non-psychotic siblings of @entity1 with @entity914 and 72 healthy controls. Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) seed-based correlation analysis was used to estimate functional connectivity within the DMN. DMN functional connectivity was examined in relation to group (familial risk), group * environmental exposure (to cannabis, developmental @entity130 and urbanicity) and symptomatology. RESULTS: There was a significant association between group and PCC connectivity with the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), the precuneus (PCu) and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Compared to controls, @entity1 and siblings had increased PCC connectivity with the IPL, PCu and MPFC. In the IPL and PCu, the functional connectivity of siblings was intermediate to that of controls and @entity1 . No significant associations were found between DMN connectivity and (subclinical) @entity716 . In addition, there were no significant interactions between group and environmental exposures in the model of PCC functional connectivity. DISCUSSION: Increased functional connectivity in individuals with (increased risk for) @entity914 may reflect trait-related network alterations. The within-network "connectivity at rest" intermediate phenotype was not associated with (subclinical) @entity716 . The association between familial risk and DMN connectivity was not conditional on environmental exposure.
