Effects and mechanisms of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on high-fat-diet-induced XXXX @entity35 .

@entity28 @entity6140 @entity10559 @entity5483 @entity35 @entity1063 @entity1386
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major public health problem. Regulating food intake and promoting metabolism of fat are two important options for treating @entity28 . Auricular vagus nerve stimulation (AVNS) is considered as an alternative approach to vagal nerve stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AVNS and its mechanisms on @entity28 in @entity28 @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet for 8  wk. Qualified HFD @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups: the HFD group, the AVNS group, and the sham group for 6  wk treatment. Body weight and daily energy intake were recorded weekly. The @entity35 were sacrificed for measurement of weight of bilateral perirenal, epididymal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), dorsal brown adipose tissue (BAT), and gastric emptying. Serum cholecystokinin ( @entity6140 ), peptide YY3 to 36 (PYY3-36) and @entity1063 (NE) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expressions of @entity6140 subtype receptor a (CCKa) in the antrum, PYY3-36 receptor in the distal ileum, b3-adrenoceptor, and uncoupling protein gene 1 ( @entity5483 ) in the BAT. RESULTS: Compared with HFD group, AVNS significantly reduced body @entity1386 and increased BAT weight, serum NE, mRNA expressions of b3-adrenoceptors, and @entity5483 of the BAT, but had no effect on daily energy intake, perirenal @entity1386 weight, gastric emptying, serum levels of @entity6140 and @entity10559 , or mRNA expressions of CCKa receptor and PYY3-36 receptor in the relevant tissues. The sham group, as a comparison group for AVNS, saw less effect in any of the indexes compared with the HFD group. AVNS had more effect on weight loss, @entity1386 , and increase of NE, b3-adrenoceptor, and @entity5483 than sham. CONCLUSIONS: AVNS was more effective in reducing body weight and causing visceral fat loss. Biochemical tests found more NE released in the serum and more b3-adrenoceptor and @entity5483 expression in the BAT. All of these features suggested that energy expenditure might play an important role in @entity28 management by AVNS.
