Altered motor network activation and functional connectivity in adult XXXX .

@entity1 @entity528 @entity4676 @entity146
@entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) is a developmental @entity146 characterized by motor and vocal tics as well as @entity146 comorbidities. Disturbances of the fronto-striatal-thalamic pathways responsible for motor control and impulse inhibition have been previously described in other studies. Although differences in motor performance are well recognized, imaging data elucidating the neuronal correlates are scarce. Here, we examined 19 adult @entity4676 @entity1 (13 @entity1 , aged 22-52 years, mean = 34.3 years) and 18 age- and sex-matched controls (13 @entity1 , aged 24-57 years, mean = 37.6 years) in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study at 1.5 T. We corrected for possible confounds introduced by tics, motion, and brain-structural differences as well as age, sex, comorbidities, and medication. @entity1 and controls were asked to perform a sequential finger-tapping task using their right, left, and both hands, respectively. Task performance was monitored by simultaneous MR-compatible video recording. Although behavioral data obtained during scanning did not show significant differences across groups, we observed differential neuronal activation patterns depending on both handedness (dominant vs. nondominant) and tapping frequency in frontal, parietal, and subcortical areas. When controlling for open motor performance, a failure of deactivation in easier task conditions was found in the subgenual cingulate cortex in the @entity4676 @entity1 . In addition, performance-related functional connectivity of lower- and higher-order motor networks differed between @entity1 and controls. In summary, although open performance was comparable, @entity1 showed different @entity528 and connectivity patterns when performing increasingly demanding tasks, further illustrating the impact of the disease on the motor system.
