An alternate @entity9094 -independent pathway promotes eosinophil influx into blood during allergic airway XXXX .

@entity32 @entity59 @entity55 @entity19 @entity34493 @entity9094 @entity1961 @entity56 @entity1030
BACKGROUND: Enhanced eosinophil responses have critical roles in the development of @entity56 . @entity59 regulates the maturation, migration and survival of eosinophils, and @entity59 and eotaxins mediate the trafficking and activation of eosinophils in inflamed tissues. @entity1961 (+) Th2 cells are the main producers of @entity59 and other cells such as NK also release this cytokine. Although multiple signalling pathways may be involved, @entity9094 critically regulates the differentiation and cytokine production of Th2 cells and the expression of eotaxins. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that mediate different parts of the eosinophilic inflammatory process in different tissues in allergic @entity1030 remain unclear. Furthermore, the mechanisms at play may vary depending on the context of @entity32 and microenvironment of the involved tissues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We employed a model of @entity56 in wild type and @entity9094 -deficient @entity19 to explore the roles of @entity9094 and @entity59 in the development of @entity32 in this context. Quantitative PCR and ELISA were used to examine @entity59 , eotaxins levels in serum and lungs. Eosinophils in lung, peripheral blood and bone marrow were characterized by morphological properties. @entity1961 (+) T cell and NK cells were identified by flow cytometry. Antibodies were used to deplete @entity1961 (+) and NK cells. We showed that @entity9094 is indispensible for @entity55 and the induction of @entity34493 during allergic airway @entity32 . In the absence of these chemokines eosinophils are not attracted into lung and accumulate in peripheral blood. We also demonstrate the existence of an alternate @entity9094 -independent pathway of @entity59 production by @entity1961 (+) and NK cells that mediates the development of eosinophils in bone marrow and their subsequent movement into the circulation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that different points of eosinophilic inflammatory processes in @entity56 may be differentially regulated by the activation of @entity9094 -dependent and -independent pathways.
