Risk factors in clinically diagnosed XXXX of the Alzheimer type: a case-control study in northern England.

@entity1 @entity3775 @entity303 @entity195 @entity6619 @entity5715
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between @entity195 of the Alzheimer type (PDAT) and family history, medical history, cigarette smoking, and exposure to @entity3775 . DESIGN: A case-control study in which 109 cases of clinically diagnosed PDAT and 109 controls matched for age and sex were compared for exposure to the risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using McNemar's test. SETTING: The northern health region of England. @entity1 : Cases comprised those under 65 years diagnosed as having @entity303 by specialist services, who met clinical algorithm criteria for @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Cases were confirmed at interview. MAIN RESULTS: Comparing cases with controls, (ORs) significantly greater than unity were obtained when there was a first degree relative with @entity303 (OR 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.05, 6.56), any relative with @entity303 (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.01, 4.55), and any relative aged less than 65 with @entity303 (OR 8.0, 95% CI 1.07, 348). Exposure to moderate levels of cigarette smoking (cumulative) was not significant; nor was exposure to @entity3775 in drinking water, diet, and medicinal sources. CONCLUSION: In this study of modest statistical power, a family history of @entity303 was confirmed as a risk factor in PDAT. No significant relationship between exposure to @entity5715 in water supplies, tea, and antacids was found. What is important, however, is the bioavailability of all dietary @entity5715 , determined by the concentrations of dissolved @entity6619 in water: this requires further investigation.
