Expression of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms and their receptors in chronic XXXX .

@entity7382 @entity10483 @entity2534 @entity75 @entity924 @entity740 @entity1093 @entity2533 @entity6474 @entity2263 @entity130
@entity740 are degenerative conditions and may represent a failure to repair or remodel the extracellular matrix after repeated @entity130 . Since @entity2533 is strongly associated with tissue repair, we investigated the expression of @entity2533 isoforms ( @entity10483 , @entity2263 and @entity1093 ) and their 2 signalling receptors ( @entity7382 and @entity2534 ) in normal and pathological Achilles tendons. In all tissues, all 3 @entity2533 isoforms and the 2 receptors were present at sites of blood vessels. Cells in the matrix showed no staining for @entity2533 or @entity1093 , while @entity6474 was associated with cells throughout the normal cadaver tendon. Tissue from tendons with pathological lesions showed an increase in cell numbers and percentage @entity6474 expression. @entity2534 showed a wide distribution in cells throughout the tissue sections. As with @entity6474 , there was an increase in the number of cells expressing @entity2534 in pathological tissue. @entity7382 was restricted to blood vessels and was absent from the fibrillar matrix. We conclude that despite the presence and upregulation of @entity6474 , @entity2533 signalling is not propagated due to the lack of @entity7382 . This might explain why chronic @entity75 fail to resolve and suggests that the addition of exogenous @entity2533 will have little effect on chronic @entity924 .
