[ XXXX - An Overview].

@entity1 @entity455 @entity226 @entity3468 @entity1939 @entity735 @entity1781 @entity10 @entity2287 @entity288
BACKGROUND: @entity226 is one of the most important emergency situations in ophthalmology. METHOD: Recommendations of the literature how to diagnose and how to treat the disease are described. RESULTS: The basic diagnostic steps such as the "Five Criteria Classification" together with certain exceptions of the classification criteria and the recognition of different facets of the varying clinical picture are emphasised. Special @entity455 should be noted and identified. It is pointed out that an @entity3468 without @entity10 is of great clinical importance, known as occult @entity3468 , because of the lack of classical symptoms, often leading to a wrong diagnosis. @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) is the most frequent cause of @entity1939 . Differential diagnosis between non-arteritic and arteritic @entity1781 is emphasised. The different arguments concerning the performance of unilateral or bilateral arterial resection ("biopsy") and the findings of colour duplex ultrasonography in comparison to the histological results are discussed. It is also pointed out that some new diagnostic procedures such as the MRI examination with @entity2287 and the PET-Scan examination may be helpful in supporting the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity226 is more often diagnosed in recent years. The diagnosis should be made in cooperation by the ophthalmologist and internists and neurologists. Blindness caused by @entity226 is preventable in the majority of @entity1 if diagnosed early and treated properly. For decades of clinical experience it has been well established that early diagnosis and systemic treatment with high doses of systemic @entity288 are essential in preventing @entity735 .
