XXXX : the evolution of a diagnosis.

@entity1 @entity174 @entity170 @entity2526 @entity79 @entity173 @entity74 @entity130
UNASSIGNED: The global trend towards increased longevity has resulted in ageing populations and a rise in @entity74 that primarily affect older @entity1 . One such condition is @entity170 ( @entity79 ), which causes an increased @entity174 risk. @entity173 lead to increased morbidity and mortality and result in enormous healthcare costs. Here, we review the evolution of the diagnosis of @entity170 . In an attempt to separate @entity1 with normal bones from those with @entity170 and to define the @entity170 diagnosis, multiple factors and characteristics have been considered. These include pathology and histology of the disease, the endocrine regulation of bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), @entity174 type or @entity130 severity, risk models for @entity174 prediction, and thresholds for pharmacological intervention. The femoral neck BMD -2.5 SDs cut-off for the diagnosis of @entity170 is arbitrarily chosen, and there is no evidence to support the notion that @entity174 location (except @entity174 ) or severity is useful to discriminate osteoporotic from normal bones. @entity174 risk models (including factors unrelated to bone) dissociate bone strength from the diagnosis, and treatment thresholds are often based on health-economic considerations rather than bone properties. @entity174 are a primary feature of @entity170 , characterized by decreased bone mass, strength and quality, and a high risk of another such @entity174 that can be considerably reduced by treatment. We believe that the 2001 definition of @entity170 by the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel on @entity170 is still valid and useful: ' @entity170 is defined as a @entity2526 characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a @entity1 to an increased risk of @entity174 '.
