Animal models of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity410 @entity1625 @entity1246
Animal models are important in the study of the development and expression of focal @entity410 as well as in the preclinical evaluation of antiepileptic treatment. Many different models are available, including acute and chronic models for simple partial @entity410 and models for complex partial @entity410 . Work on models has revealed that the pathophysiology of @entity410 disorders includes several neurotransmitter and membrane channel alterations. In addition, epileptogenesis of @entity1625 has been shown to involve the selective loss of neurons and axonal reorganization. Antiepileptic treatment still hinges on three general themes: modulation of voltage-dependent ion channels involved in spike propagation and burst generation, enhancement of @entity1246 -mediated inhibition, and suppression of excitatory amino acidergic activity. Many antiepileptic drugs have proven efficacy against focal @entity410 in animal models as well as @entity1 . More recently developed antiepileptic drugs may prove to be superior in the alleviation of intractable partial @entity410 . The three general themes of antiepileptic drug action still dominate the development of antiepileptic treatment strategies. Too much emphasis on the classical models of @entity1625 may hamper the development of innovative strategies. On the other hand, continued research on new and existing models may broaden our knowledge of the pathophysiological processes underlying @entity1625 , and inspire new avenues in antiepileptic treatment development.
