A prospective investigation of the impact of XXXX consumption on helmet use, injury severity, medical resource utilization, and health care costs in bicycle-related @entity130 .

@entity167 @entity1 @entity130
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine if a relationship exists between bicycle-related injuries, consumption of @entity167 , helmet use, and medical resource utilization. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study with data from emergency department, operating room, and inpatient records. SETTING: University-based @entity130 center in a medium-sized metropolitan area. TYPE OF @entity1 : Adult victims (age > or = 18 years) of bicycle-related injury presenting to the emergency department. A total of 350 @entity1 made up the study population. RESULTS: Group 1 consisted of 29 @entity1 (8.3%) with detectable blood @entity167 levels at the time of the incident. Group 2 (321 @entity1 ) had a measured blood @entity167 level of 0 or no clinical indication of @entity167 consumption. Group 1 mean Injury Severity Score was 10.3, with six (20.7%) sustaining at least one severe @entity130 . Group 2 had an Injury Severity Score of 3.3 (p < 0.0001), with only 4.4% (p = 0.0013) sustaining severe @entity130 . Mean length of hospitalization for group 1 was 3.5 days, including a mean of 1.4 intensive care unit days. Mean hospitalization (0.5 days, p < 0.0001) and intensive care unit (0.1 days, p < 0.0001) were significantly lower in group 2. Mean combined hospital and physician charges were more than six times greater for group 1 ( 7,206) than group 2 @entity1 ( 1170, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting with bicycle-related injuries, prior consumption of @entity167 is highly associated with greater injury severity, longer hospitalization, and higher health care costs. This information is useful in the development of injury prevention strategies to decrease incidence and severity of adult bicycle injuries.
