Artificial aortic valve dysfunction due to XXXX and @entity715 - different methods of cardiac surgical management.

@entity1 @entity101 @entity6 @entity1007 @entity3885 @entity2070 @entity337 @entity453 @entity955 @entity1030 @entity2333 @entity715 @entity340 @entity385 @entity2275
INTRODUCTION: Approximately 60 000 prosthetic valves are implanted annually in the USA. The risk of prosthesis dysfunction ranges from 0.1% to 4% per year. Prosthesis @entity340 is usually caused by a @entity715 obstructing the prosthetic discs. However, 10% of prosthetic valves are dysfunctional due to @entity2070 formation, and 12% of prostheses are damaged by both fibrinous and @entity715 components. The authors present two @entity1 with dysfunctional aortic prostheses who were referred for cardiac surgery. Different surgical solutions were used in the treatment of each case. CASE STUDY 1: The first @entity1 was a 71-year-old @entity1 whose medical history included arterial @entity101 , stable @entity453 , @entity6 , @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), and @entity1007 ; she had previously undergone left-sided mastectomy and radiotherapy. The @entity1 was admitted to the Cardiac Surgery Department due to @entity2333 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed @entity3885 and a severe reduction in the mobility of the second. The mean transvalvular gradient was very high. During the operation, @entity2070 covering the discs' surface was found. A biological aortic prosthesis was reimplanted without complications. CASE STUDY 2: The second @entity1 was an 87-year-old @entity1 with arterial @entity101 , persistent @entity955 , and @entity1030 , whose past medical history included @entity2275 and @entity385 . As in the case of the first @entity1 , she was admitted due to @entity340 . Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed an obstruction of the posterior prosthetic disc and significant @entity337 . Transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy confirmed the prosthetic dysfunction. During the operation, a @entity715 growing around a minor @entity2070 was found. The @entity715 and @entity2070 were removed, and normal functionality of the prosthetic valve was restored. CONCLUSIONS: Precise and modern diagnostic methods facilitated selection of the treatment method. However, the intraoperative view also seems to be crucial in individualizing the surgical approach.
