A prospective randomized clinical trial on XXXX control after major abdominal surgery.

@entity1 @entity308 @entity532 @entity158 @entity1286 @entity16251
This study was conducted in order to investigate the advantages and limitations of four analgesic modalities: a) epidural @entity1286 ; b) intravenous @entity1286 ; c) @entity1 controlled intravenous @entity1286 ( @entity1 -controlled analgesia); and d) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eighty @entity1 undergoing major abdominal surgical procedures were prospectively and randomly treated with one of the above-mentioned analgesic methods. Evaluation of @entity158 perception was done using the visual analogue @entity158 score and the simple descriptive scale 4 hours after the procedure, in the early morning on postoperative day 1 and in the afternoon on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3. The need for @entity532 , if any, were also evaluated for each @entity1 . @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1286 yielded the best analgesic effect over the entire period. Epidural @entity1286 was more effective in the very early postoperative period compared to modalities (b) and (d). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, on the other hand, were more effective on the later postoperative days. None of the @entity1 in group C needed supplementary analgesia, as against 20% in group A, 55% in group B and 40% in group D. @entity1 with @entity16251 scores > 70 or @entity308 scores > 70 required supplementation of analgesia more often. @entity1286 proved to be the drug of choice. Drug titration may be modulated in relation to the psychological characteristics of the @entity1 . The best drug titration modality, in fact, is @entity1 -controlled analgesia.
