The knee in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity17631 @entity8482 @entity4957 @entity1159 @entity7687 @entity85
Of 104 @entity1 with @entity8482 multiplex @entity17631 treated between 1952 and 1982, 74 had significant knee @entity1159 , instability, or recurvatum. The minimum follow-up period was two years. Nonoperative treatment modalities included physical therapy, bracing, and serial casting in 43 @entity1 (78 knees). Thirty-one other @entity1 (46 knees) had 62 operative procedures, including hamstring and posterior capsular release, epiphysiodesis, distal femoral or proximal @entity4957 , arthrodesis, and @entity7687 . Surgery was reserved for the more resistant causes and was recommended only as part of an overall treatment plan including the correction of foot and @entity85 . The average follow-up period for the surgically treated @entity1 was 11 years, with a range of two to 20 years. Recurrence of @entity85 was frequent, with no one procedure being clearly favored. Physiotherapy alone rarely resulted in clinically significant improvement unless accompanied by prolonged casting and bracing. The most useful surgical procedure in the growing @entity1 was posterior capsular release performed in conjunction with hamstring tenotomy. Contractures treated by osteotomies before the completion of growth had a high rate of recurrence.
