Spatial behaviour is driven by proximal cues even in mildly XXXX .

@entity1 @entity51 @entity191
This investigation addresses the question whether @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 ( @entity191 ) show @entity51 in real-life settings. Therefore, a "search through"-locomotor task incorporating basic features of both the radial arm maze and the Morris water maze paradigms was used. The @entity1 had to find and remember five out of twenty hidden locations within a completely controlled environment. Different spatial memory errors and inter-response intervals were recorded automatically. Fourteen @entity1 with idiopathic @entity191 and fourteen healthy controls matched for age, sex, handedness, and education were investigated. @entity1 and controls were widely comparable with respect to intelligence, verbal memory, and executive functions. Results show that performance deteriorated in about half of the @entity1 if the starting position was moved by 90 degrees and the proximal cues were deleted simultaneously. This deficit was systematically related to specific measures of attention. Moreover, @entity1 were less able to update their locomotor strategies towards a more effective strategy. Results are discussed with respect to the @entity1 's inability to generate rules which can be flexibly used in changing environments, especially if proximal cues are removed. It is concluded that deficits in spatial behaviour can be elicited even in near-to-real-life situations if appropriate testing procedures are used.
