Influence of music and its genres on respiratory rate and pupil diameter variations in @entity468 under general anaesthesia: contribution to promoting XXXX safety.

@entity2300 @entity1 @entity468
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to recognise if there is any auditory sensory stimuli processing in @entity468 under general anaesthesia, and to evaluate changes in respiratory rate (RR) and @entity2300 ( @entity2300 ) in anaesthetised @entity1 exposed to different music genres, while relating this to the depth of anaesthesia. METHODS: A sample of 12 @entity468 submitted for elective ovariohysterectomy were exposed to 2 min excerpts of three different music genres (classical [CM], pop [PM] and heavy metal [HM]) at three points during surgery (T1 = coeliotomy; T2 = ligature placement and transection of the ovarian pedicle; T3 = ligature placement and transection of the uterine body). A multiparametric medical monitor was used to measure the RR, and a digital calliper was used for @entity2300 measurement. Music was delivered through headphones, which fully covered the @entity1 's ears. P values       <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.        RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between stimuli conditions for all surgical points were obtained for RR (T1, P = 0.03; T2, P = 0.00; and T3, P = 0.00) and for @entity2300 (T1, P = 0.03; T2, P = 0.04; and T3, P = 0.00). Most individuals exhibited lower values for RR and @entity2300 when exposed to CM, intermediate values to PM and higher values to HM. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results suggest that @entity468 under general anaesthesia are likely to perform auditory sensory stimuli processing. The exposure to music induces RR and @entity2300 variations modulated by the genre of music and is associated with autonomic nervous system activity. The use of music in the surgical theatre may contribute to allowing a reduced anaesthetic dose, minimising undesirable side effects and thus promoting @entity1 safety.
