Substance use disorder and the risk of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1018 @entity1538 @entity726 @entity2072 @entity734
PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that @entity2072 use (abuse and/or dependency) is associated with @entity1538 . METHODS: A case-control study. Potential case @entity1 were identified from the Veterans Health Administration national clinical database using International Classification of Disease, Version 9, Clinical Modification for @entity1538 for fiscal year 2009. Inclusion criteria included consecutive prescriptions for 1 or more topical antiglaucoma medications. @entity2072 exposure was identified through International Classification of Disease, Version 9, Clinical Modification codes. The odds of @entity2072 exposure were compared with the overall outpatient population of national Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries and adjusted for age and other illicit drug use. A nested case-control study was conducted to examine the confounding influence of race. RESULTS: Age-adjusted odds ratios of @entity2072 exposure among @entity1 with @entity726 were statistically significant for both @entity1 [3.52 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.21-3.86)] and @entity1 [1.87 (95% CI: 1.79-1.96)], and did not change significantly when analyzed according to @entity734 status. Subset analysis adjusted for age, other illicit drugs, and race remained significant for @entity1 [1.45 (95% CI: 1.27-1.66)], but not @entity1 . @entity1 with substance use disorder and @entity726 were nearly 18 years younger than @entity726 @entity1 without a drug exposure history. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests the use of @entity2072 and possibly other illicit drugs are predictive of @entity726 . Should the association of substance use disorder ( @entity2072 or @entity2072 /poly-drug abuse) and @entity1538 be verified, it represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for @entity1018 .
