Generalized deficit in all core components of empathy in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity51 @entity161
Empathy is a multidimensional construct composed of several components such as emotion recognition, emotional perspective taking and affective responsiveness. @entity1 with @entity161 demonstrate deficits in several domains of emotion processing and perspective taking, thus suggesting a dysfunctional emotional competence. We assessed empathic abilities via three paradigms measuring emotion recognition, perspective taking and affective responsiveness as well as self-report empathy questionnaires in 24 (12 females, 12 males) @entity161 @entity1 meeting the DSM-IV criteria for @entity161 and 24 matched healthy volunteers. @entity1 were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University and healthy volunteers were recruited via advertisement. Groups were matched for age, gender and parental education. Data analysis indicates a significant @entity51 in @entity1 , reflected in worse performance in all three domains. This deficit was only partly reflected in the self-report empathy questionnaires. Comparing the different tasks, emotional perspective taking was the most difficult task for all subjects and symptomatology worsened affective responsiveness. @entity161 @entity1 not only struggle to correctly identify emotions, but also have difficulties in spontaneously simulating another @entity1 's subjective world (perspective taking) and might not be able to respond adequately in terms of their own emotional experience (affective responsiveness), which are not caused by @entity51 . The results suggest that all domains of empathy are affected in @entity161 and have to be addressed independently in behavioral therapies, thereby offering a possibility to improve socio-occupational life.
