Long-term cost and life-expectancy consequences of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity204 @entity101 @entity65
OBJECTIVE: To estimate @entity101 's long-term cost and impact on life expectancy. DESIGN: A 19-year individual follow-up study. Subjects were categorized according to their baseline (1972) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level into three groups: normotensive (DBP < 95 mmHg), mildly @entity101 (DBP 95-104 mmHg), and severely @entity101 (DBP > 104 mmHg). By using their social security identification numbers, we linked the subjects to a set of national registers covering hospital admissions, use of major drugs, absence due to sickness, disability pensions, and @entity204 . SUBJECTS: A random population sample of 10 284 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 25-59 years from the provinces of Kuopio and North Karelia in eastern Finland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The numbers of years of life and years of work lost, the cost of drugs and hospitalization, and the value of productivity lost due to disability and premature mortality. RESULTS: The difference in life expectancy between normotensive and severely @entity101 @entity1 was 2.7 years, of which 2.0 years was due to @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Among @entity1 the corresponding differences were 2.0 and 1.5 years. Severely @entity101 @entity1 lost 2.6 years of work more than did normotensive @entity1 , of which 1.7 years was due to @entity65 . Among @entity1 the differences were 2.2 and 1.3 years. The mean undiscounted total costs (USA dollars at 1992 prices) were  132 500 among normotensive,  146 500 among mildly @entity101 , and  219 300 among severely @entity101 @entity1 , of which @entity65 accounted for 28, 39, and 43%, respectively. More than 90% of the total costs were indirect productivity losses. Among @entity1 the total costs were lower for all DBP categories, as were the shares of @entity65 -related costs. The proportional increase in costs on going from the lowest to the highest DBP category was, however, somewhat larger among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: On the population level, severe @entity101 leads to considerable losses in terms of years of life lost, years of work lost, and costs. However, the overall impact of mild @entity101 is much more limited.
