Areca nut, energy metabolism and hunger in Asian XXXX .

@entity1 @entity435 @entity6327 @entity1735
BACKGROUND: The nut of the Areca catechu palm has long been attributed effects on hunger and the digestive process. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to assess experimentally effects of areca nut on fasting and postprandial energy metabolism, substrate utilization and hunger. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies were undertaken. In study 1, eight Indian @entity1 received bioadhesive gels delivering 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg @entity6327 to the buccal sulcus after an overnight fast. Resting energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by ventilated hood calorimetry over 6 h during which hunger was rated on five occasions. In study 2, 15 Indian @entity1 received gels delivering 0 or 10 mg @entity6327 after consuming a 2.5 MJ meal, and the same protocol was then applied as in study 1. RESULTS: Fasting resting energy expenditures exceeded basal metabolic rate (BMR) by 5.4+/-0.8% (Mean+/-SE) after placebo, and 5.1+/-0.7% after 20 mg @entity6327 , but by 0.9+/-0.8% and 0.7+/-0.5% following 5 mg and 10 mg @entity6327 , respectively. @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) utilization rates rose after areca nut compared to placebo (F(3,252)= 7.3, p< 0.001). Hunger varied across doses (chi(2) = 10.5, p < 0.02), being lowest after 10 mg and highest after 20 mg, and was influenced by interaction of dose with delta resting energy expenditure. In study 2, areca dose interacted with fat-free mass (FFM) to lower by 5.4+/-11.2% the thermic effect of a meal (F(1,28) = 4.9, p = 0.05), and retarded peak 'digestive-phase' thermogenesis by 60 min (F(1,58) = 5.7, p = 0.02). Postprandial delta CHO utilization was greater (F(1,28) = 4.5, p = 0.05), and hunger was lower (chi:(2) = 3.8, p = 0.05), after areca nut. The areca nut altered relationships of hunger to thermic effects of the meal, and to delta substrate utilization, in ways consistent with appetite suppression. CONCLUSION: Areca nut constituents modulate metabolic signals regulating appetite in @entity1 . This concurs with customary belief.
