Optimization of a vehicle solution for the introduction and removal of @entity653 with XXXX kidneys.

@entity2656 @entity10945 @entity1792 @entity2865 @entity26 @entity597 @entity95 @entity3157 @entity653 @entity515 @entity16177 @entity972 @entity413 @entity12742 @entity1760
Previous studies with @entity95 kidneys in our laboratories have used a plasma-like solution as the vehicle for the introduction and removal of @entity653 . Other workers have usually employed high- @entity972 solutions. In this study we have assayed the function of @entity95 renal cortical slices after incubation in a range of solutions, each of which contained 1 M @entity653 , for 4 hr, followed by stepwise removal of the cryoprotectant. The functions measured were endogenous @entity26 consumption, @entity10945 uptake, and the ability of the slices to accumulate @entity972 . Exposure to @entity653 produced a considerable reduction of slice function, but, in the presence of @entity653 , elevation of the @entity972 concentration was beneficial, whereas high concentrations of @entity1760 were detrimental. The optimum @entity972 concentration was 70-100 mM. Replacement of @entity2865 by a range of anions of higher molecular weight was either without benefit ( @entity16177 ) or detrimental ( @entity597 , @entity1792 , and @entity12742 ). Elevation of total osmolality from 300 to 400 mosmolal with @entity413 , @entity2656 , @entity16177 , or Pipes reduced slice function, but when the same osmolality was achieved by raising the concentration of all the components of the solution in the same ratio, there was no significant loss of function. There was a weak optimum pH at ca. 7.0. These experiments led to the formulation of a @entity3157 -buffered perfusate containing 80 mM @entity972 and 17.5 g Haemaccel per liter, having a pH of 7.0 with 5% @entity515 at 10 degrees C, and an osmolality of 400 mosmol/kg. This solution was used to preserve @entity95 kidneys for 20 hr at 10 degrees C, by continuous perfusion, and was compared with our previous Haemaccel perfusate, HP5, which contained 4 mM K+, 111 mM @entity2656 , and had a pH of 7.4. The two solutions were equally effective.
