The clinical presentation and operative management of nodular and diffuse XXXX .

@entity1 @entity3747 @entity4264 @entity13209 @entity66 @entity13587 @entity2743 @entity5 @entity260 @entity281 @entity1174 @entity261 @entity6830 @entity1374
@entity1 with @entity1374 , defined by the presence of enlarged thyroid tissue below the plane of the thoracic inlet, were identified from a prospective database maintained for @entity1 who have undergone thyroidectomy at our institution since 1990. @entity1374 was present in 116 (30%) of 381 @entity1 , anterior mediastinal in 109 (94%), and posterior mediastinal in seven (6%). Indications for surgery included compressive symptoms in 75 (65%) @entity1 , an abnormal fine-needle biopsy in 45 (39%), progressive @entity1374 in 41 (35%), @entity2743 in 11 (10%), and @entity4264 in two (1.7%). A median sternotomy and thoracotomy were performed in one @entity1 each for a primary @entity13209 . In all other @entity1 thyroidectomy was accomplished through a cervical incision. Parathyroid autotransplantation was performed in 41 (37%) @entity1 with @entity66 compared with 57 (22%) with disease confined to the neck (P < 0.01). Twenty-five @entity1 (22%) had @entity5 ; four of these had unresectable disease. @entity260 included transient @entity3747 (n = 46), transient hoarseness (n = 7), recurrent @entity13587 (n = 1), and wound @entity281 (n = 1). One @entity1 died from @entity1174 . In summary, @entity1374 is typically present in the anterior @entity6830 and with rare exceptions can be resected through a cervical incision. Parathyroid devascularization is more common with resection of a @entity13209 and autotransplantation can prevent permanent @entity261 .
