Early experience with open fetal surgery for congenital XXXX .

@entity1 @entity8 @entity3041 @entity177 @entity358 @entity764 @entity2906
The fetus with severe bilateral @entity3041 and associated @entity2906 in the second trimester is doomed at birth by ongoing @entity8 . Since decompression with percutaneously placed catheters anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for open fetal anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for open fetal urinary tract decompression in animals, and have now applied those techniques to a small group of five @entity1 . One had bilateral ureterostomies and the subsequent four had marsupialization of the bladder. All pregnancies proceeded to cesarean delivery at 32 to 35 weeks' gestation. There was no long-term maternal morbidity, and two mothers have since experienced normal pregnancies. Three fetuses had return of normal amniotic fluid dynamics, and all three had adequate pulmonary function at birth, suggesting that @entity358 associated with early severe @entity2906 had been reversed. Two neonates died at birth with @entity358 . One had no amniotic fluid even after decompression, and the other had some amniotic fluid after decompression but a tiny @entity764 due to the long period of severe @entity2906 before decompression. Of the three surviving @entity1 , one had normal renal function when she died of unrelated causes at 9 months of age. One has normal renal function at 23 months and the third had failing renal function at 2 1/2 years and has grown and developed normally, but will require renal transplantation. We have now developed selection criteria that would exclude from treatment the two fetuses who died of @entity358 and the one who developed @entity177 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
