Ontogenic attendance of neuropeptides in the embryo XXXX retina.

@entity1943 @entity1573 @entity53019 @entity69340
We have examined the ontogeny of @entity1943 -, Glucagon-, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-, Substance P-, @entity69340 , and @entity53019 gene-related peptide-Iike structures in the @entity1573 retina by immunocytochemistry. Neuroblastic cells containing Substance P-Iike immunoreactivity (IR) first appeared at embryonic day 5 in the peripheral portion of the retina. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was detected as early as embryonic day 11 in the innermost level of the inner neuroblastic layer. The distribution pattern of amacrine cells containing Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Iike immunoreactivity was similar to that for @entity69340 - and @entity53019 gene-related peptide-Iike immunoreactive cells. These three types of IR cell appeared at embryonic day 13. Glucagon-like immunoreactive cells first appeared in the retina at embryonic day 15, in the innermost part of the inner nuclear layer. From the 13th to 15th day of incubation, the number and intensity of @entity53019 gene-related peptide-, @entity1943 -, @entity69340 - and Substance P-Iike immunoreactive cells increased and then decreased progressively before hatching. Glucagon immunoreactive cells increased in number on the last day before hatching. After embryonic day 15, the amacrine cells containing Vasoactive intestinal peptide-Iike immunoreactivity decreased notably in number. Our study showed that development of these immunoreactive structures was different for each neuropeptide. These differences in development may reflect the diverse neurophysiological roles of these neuroactive peptides, which could act as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators at the @entity1573 retinal level. Their presence may indicate roles as neuronal differentiation or growth factors.
