Sex steroid hormone exposures and risk for XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1653 @entity5
OBJECT: The goal of this study was to investigate the risk of @entity1653 in relation to exogenous and endogenous sex hormones. METHODS: The study @entity1 were female registered nurses from 11 US states who were between 30 and 55 years of age when they enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study cohort. These @entity1 completed biennial questionnaires between 1976 and 1996. All @entity1 were free from @entity5 and other major medical illness at the onset of the study. The primary endpoint was @entity1653 as self-reported in biennial and supplemental questionnaires. During 1,213,522 @entity1 -years of follow-up review, 125 cases of @entity1653 were confirmed. After adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI), compared with postmenopausal @entity1 who had never used postmenopausal hormones, the relative risk (RR) for premenopausal @entity1 was 2.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-4.77; p = 0.01) and the RR for postmenopausal @entity1 who received hormone therapy was 1.86 (95% CI 1.07-3.24; p = 0.03). The authors found no excess risk associated with past hormone use. In models that additionally controlled for hormone use and menopausal status, the authors found that, compared with @entity1 whose menarche occurred before they were 12 years of age, the RR for @entity1 whose menarche occurred at ages 12 through 14 years was 1.29 (95% CI 0.86-1.92; p = 0.21) and the RR for @entity1 whose menarche occurred after age 14 years was 1.97 (95% CI 1.06-3.66; p = 0.03). The authors also observed a tendency, albeit nonsignificant, for increased risk of @entity1653 in parous as opposed to nulliparous @entity1 (multivariate RR = 2.39, 95% CI 0.76-7.53; p = 0.14). A trend toward an increasing risk of @entity1653 with increasing BMI was also noted (p for trend = 0.06). No association was found for past or current use of oral contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS: The risk for @entity1653 was increased among @entity1 exposed to either endogenous or exogenous sex hormones. An unexpected relationship with increasing age at menarche was also noted; this remains unexplained.
