Comparative study of perturbations of peripheral markers in different stressors in XXXX .

@entity5427 @entity908 @entity1066 @entity2819 @entity412 @entity8683 @entity35 @entity4854 @entity413 @entity165
Stress has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of several diseases. In the present study, the effects of acute ( @entity5427 ), chronic (CS), and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) were studied on the @entity1066 index, adrenal gland mass, and biochemical and hormonal changes in @entity35 . The stress was provided in the form of immobilization-immobilization for 150 min, once only, and for 10 consecutive days in CS and CUS. In CUS, animals received variable unpredictable stressors. Immediately after stress, animals were decapitated, blood was collected, and plasma was separated for the estimation of plasma @entity413 , @entity412 , @entity165 , @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity2819 , and insulin. The adrenal gland and stomach were also dissected for mass and @entity1066 scoring, respectively. @entity5427 significantly increased the @entity1066 index, plasma @entity413 , CK, @entity2819 , and insulin. CS and CUS significantly increased the @entity1066 index, adrenal gland mass, and @entity2819 . In CS, a significant decrease in plasma @entity412 and @entity165 levels was found, but in CUS only @entity165 was decreased significantly. High CK activity and @entity4854 maintain the energy demands of metabolism, and elevated @entity2819 desensitizes the @entity8683 in @entity5427 . In CS and CUS, prolonged elevation of @entity2819 shifts metabolism to utilization of lipids as a secondary substrate by gluconeogenesis. From our experiment, it is clear that @entity5427 causes maximum activation of energy metabolism, which becomes specific after habituation in prolonged CS. These biochemical manipulations in the body by using different types of stressors are good markers that can be of great use to understand, target, and manage stress-induced etiologies.
