[Pathophysiology and diagnosis for XXXX ].

@entity1 @entity66 @entity3657 @entity301 @entity63 @entity613 @entity19220 @entity14674 @entity432 @entity731 @entity165
@entity1 with @entity14674 , or @entity3657 have been conventionally diagnosed and treated from only the viewpoint of peripheral arterial circulation. These concepts may have improved the quality of life for @entity1 , but could not contribute the prognosis of life, because @entity3657 is associated with an increased risk of the @entity301 and @entity66 . @entity613 , the most common symptom of @entity3657 , results from flow-reducing lesions in the arteries of the lower extremity that cause exercise-induced @entity63 . In order to evaluate @entity613 , many kinds of noninvasive diagnostic studies, including ABPI (ankle brachial pressure index) and the measurement of claudication distance, et al have been proposed. We have used the recovery time of the ischemic reaction at foot sole, plethysmography, thermography, laser doppler flowmetry, or @entity19220 ( @entity19220 ) after walking test, rather than ABPI. These examinations will be superior to ABPI to evaluate effects after ergotherapy or pharmacotherapy for @entity1 with @entity613 . Carotid @entity432 may be a good marker of systemic @entity731 . By our assessment of risk factors, the progression of @entity731 change in carotid artery was strongly correlated with two risk factors, such as smoking and systolic blood pressure. In the @entity165 analysis, Lp (a) was only high risk factor for @entity731 change of carotid artery. Recent technical advances, adequate evaluation of systemic @entity731 , and reduction of risk factors should improve the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity3657 .
