Proteomics and bioinformatics approaches for identification of serum biomarkers to detect XXXX .

@entity1 @entity0 @entity5 @entity3411 @entity1558
BACKGROUND: Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) is an affinity-based mass spectrometric method in which proteins of interest are selectively adsorbed to a chemically modified surface on a biochip, whereas impurities are removed by washing with buffer. This technology allows sensitive and high-throughput protein profiling of complex biological specimens. METHODS: We screened for potential @entity5 biomarkers in 169 serum samples, including samples from a @entity5 group of 103 @entity0 @entity1 at different clinical stages [stage 0 (n = 4), stage I (n = 38), stage II (n = 37), and stage III (n = 24)], from a control group of 41 healthy @entity1 , and from 25 @entity1 with @entity1558 . Diluted serum samples were applied to immobilized metal affinity capture Ciphergen ProteinChip Arrays previously activated with @entity3411 . Proteins bound to the chelated metal were analyzed on a ProteinChip Reader Model PBS II. Complex protein profiles of different diagnostic groups were compared and analyzed using the ProPeak software package. RESULTS: A panel of three biomarkers was selected based on their collective contribution to the optimal separation between stage 0-I @entity0 @entity1 and noncancer controls. The same separation was observed using independent test data from @entity0 @entity1 . Bootstrap cross-validation demonstrated that a sensitivity of 93% for all @entity5 @entity1 and a specificity of 91% for all controls were achieved by a composite index derived by multivariate logistic regression using the three selected biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomics approaches such as SELDI mass spectrometry, in conjunction with bioinformatics tools, could greatly facilitate the discovery of new and better biomarkers. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved by the combined use of the selected biomarkers show great potential for the early detection of @entity0 .
