Considerations of antibiotic prophylaxis in nonsurgical high risk XXXX .

@entity1 @entity295 @entity55 @entity281 @entity580 @entity293 @entity130
Among @entity1 in general hospitals approximately one-third receive antimicrobial drugs, and @entity580 develop in 3 to 4 percent of them. These two events vary widely suggesting no constant relation, except that antibiotic use affects the etiology and course of @entity580 . There is deliberation about the benefits versus the harm of antibiotic prophylaxis. It avoids the morbidity and tissue damage from @entity281 with the least antibiotic for the shortest time and works best when the need is brief or the microbial target is a single species. Among nonsurgical @entity1 , a high risk of @entity281 results from exposure to a transmissible @entity281 , minor procedural @entity130 or increased host susceptibility. In clinical use, antimicrobial prophylaxis usually combines inefficiency with unproved efficacy. Prevention of nosocomial acquisition of @entity293 , @entity55 , @entity295 and @entity281 by antibiotic prophylaxis is ineffective. Recommendations in other conditions are derived mostly from presumed benefit, recognized failures and assessment of adverse results from drug use. Inefficient long-term prophylaxis contributes to the emergence of transmissible bacterial drug resistance. Those clinical conditions that represent need with reasonable efficiency and those that are useless and dangerous prophylactic practices should be defined. Using one and avoiding the other through education and professional discipline offers the best hope of amplifying effective antibiotic prophylaxis and minimizing unwanted effects on the recipient and hospital cohorts.
