XXXX and @entity148 .

@entity7785 @entity839 @entity9394 @entity6510 @entity9393 @entity148 @entity13812
The term @entity7785 encompasses compounds produced by the plant Cannabis sativa, such as @entity839 , and synthetic counterparts. Their actions occur mainly through activation of cannabinoid type 1 ( @entity6510 ) receptors. @entity9393 ( @entity9393 ) and @entity9394 (2-AG) serve as major endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) of @entity6510 receptors. Hence, the cannabinoid receptors, the endocannabinoids, and their metabolizing enzymes comprise the endocannabinoid system. @entity7785 induce diverse responses on @entity148 - and fear-related behaviors. Generally, low doses tend to induce anxiolytic-like effects, whereas high doses often cause the opposite. Inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation seems to circumvent these biphasic effects by enhancing @entity6510 receptor signaling in a temporarily and spatially restricted manner, thus reducing @entity148 -like behaviors. Pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of @entity6510 receptors, in turn, primarily exerts anxiogenic-like effects and impairments in extinction of aversive memories. Interestingly, pharmacological blockade of @entity13812 ( @entity13812 ) channel, which can be activated by @entity9393 as well, has diametrically opposite consequences. This book chapter summarizes and conceptualizes our current knowledge about the role of (endo) @entity7785 in fear and @entity148 and outlines implications for an exploitation of the endocannabinoid system as a target for new anxiolytic drugs.
