Cardio-pulmonary interactions at high altitude. XXXX as a common denominator.

@entity712 @entity3126 @entity1353 @entity548 @entity4 @entity2294 @entity35 @entity120 @entity5754 @entity221
The purpose of this review is to find the evidence that a disproportionate pulmonary vasoconstriction persisting for days, weeks and years during residence at high altitude is the common pathophysiologic mechanism of @entity3126 ( @entity3126 ), @entity5754 and @entity5754 . A recent finding in early @entity3126 suggests that transmission of excessively elevated pulmonary artery pressure to the pulmonary capillaries leading to @entity548 as the pathophysiologic mechanism of @entity3126 . The elevated incidence of @entity3126 in Indian soldiers led the Indian Army to extend the acclimatization period from a few days to 5 weeks. Using this protocol, @entity3126 was prevented, but after several weeks of residence at an altitude of 6000m @entity1353 , @entity4 and @entity2294 developed. Clinical examination revealed severe congestive @entity712 . This condition has been previously described in long-term high altitude residents of the Himalaya and the Andes. In @entity35 , smooth muscle cells appear in normally non-muscular arterioles within days of simulated altitude. Rapid remodeling of the small precapillary arteries may prevent @entity3126 but increase pulmonary vascular resistance leading to @entity120 in long-term high altitude residents. Symptoms and signs of @entity3126 , @entity5754 and @entity5754 reverse completely after residents are transfered to low altitude. In conclusion, these findings strongly suggest that @entity120 at high altitude, which could be named "high @entity120 ", is the principal and common pathogenic factor of all three cardio-pulmonary manifestations of high @entity221 . Accordingly, @entity5754 and @entity5754 could be renamed in "acute-" and "chronic @entity712 of high altitude", respectively.
