Air Pollution, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Social Disadvantage: The Multi-ethnic Study of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity7459 @entity1568 @entity28600 @entity731 @entity65
BACKGROUND: Social factors may enhance health effects of air pollution, yet empirical support is inconsistent. The interaction of social and environmental factors may only be evident with long-term exposures and outcomes that reflect long-term disease development. METHODS: We used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 to assess left-ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We assigned residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), @entity28600 of @entity1568 , and @entity7459 in the year 2000 to each @entity1 in 2000 using prediction models. We examined modifying roles of four measures of adversity: race/ethnicity, racial/ethnic residential segregation, and socioeconomic status and psychosocial adversity as composite indices on the association between air pollution and LVMI or LVEF. RESULTS: Compared with whites, blacks showed a stronger adjusted association between air pollution and LVMI. For example, for each 5   g/m greater PM2.5 level, whites showed a 1.0 g/m greater LVMI (95% confidence interval = -1.3, 3.1), while blacks showed an additional 4.0 g/m greater LVMI (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 8.2). Results were similar for @entity28600 of @entity1568 and @entity7459 with regard to black race and LVMI. However, we found no evidence of a modifying role of other social factors or ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found no evidence of a modifying role for any social factors or racial/ethnic groups on the association between air pollution and LVEF. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that racial group membership may modify the association between air pollution and @entity65 .
