Increased Expression of Beige/Brown @entity1958 Markers from Host and XXXX Cells Influence Xenograft Formation in Mice.

@entity1 @entity10178 @entity0 @entity71218 @entity5 @entity1958 @entity10350 @entity14815 @entity26385 @entity4305 @entity23918 @entity32571 @entity32912
The initiation and progression of @entity0 is a complex process that is influenced by heterogeneous cell populations within the @entity5 microenvironment. Although adipocytes have been shown to promote @entity0 development, adipocyte characteristics involved in this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate enrichment of beige/brown @entity1958 markers, contributed from the host as well as @entity5 cells, in the xenografts from @entity0 cell lines. In addition to @entity4305 ( @entity4305 ) that is exclusively expressed in beige/brown adipocytes, gene expression for classical brown ( @entity14815 , @entity32571 , and @entity71218 ) as well as beige ( @entity23918 / @entity23918 and @entity26385 ) adipocyte markers was also elevated in the xenografts. Enrichment of beige/brown characteristics in the xenografts was independent of the site of implantation of the @entity0 cells. Early stages of xenografts showed an expansion of a subset of mammary @entity5 stem cells that expressed @entity10350 , a master regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation. Depletion of @entity4305 (+) or @entity14815 (+) cells significantly reduced @entity5 development. There was increased @entity10178 ( @entity10178 ) expression, which is known to stimulate formation of beige adipocytes in early xenografts and treatment with a @entity10178 inhibitor ( @entity32912 ) reduced @entity5 growth. In contrast, treatment with factors that induce brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro led to larger @entity5 in vivo. A panel of xenografts derived from established @entity0 cells as well as @entity1 @entity5 tissues were generated that expressed key brown @entity1958 tissue-related markers and contained cells that morphologically resembled brown adipocytes. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first report demonstrating that beige/brown adipocyte characteristics could play an important role in @entity0 development and suggest a potential target for therapeutic drug design. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 78-92.   2015 AACR.
