Age and Phonetic Influences on Velar Flutter as a Component of Nasal Turbulence in XXXX With @entity2419 .

@entity1 @entity2419 @entity3384 @entity5069
OBJECTIVE:     The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age and selected phonetic factors on velar @entity5069 as a component of nasal turbulence in @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 . @entity1 :     A total of 30 @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 with or without @entity3384 ranging in age from 4 to 13 years (mean, 8.6 years; standard deviation, 2.4 years) who exhibited nasal turbulence characterized by velar @entity5069 participated in the study. MEASURES:     The headset of a nasometer was used to record the @entity1 producing multiple repetitions of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that contrasted the stops /p/ and /t/ with the fricatives /f/ and /s/ and the high-front vowel /i/ with the low mid-central vowel /  /. All targeted consonants were coded relative to the presence of @entity5069 using both perceptual and spectral criteria. Percentages of syllables coded for @entity5069 were calculated as a function of consonant and vowel types. Intra-and interjudge reliability of coding was high. RESULTS:     Percentages of syllables with velar @entity5069 ranged from a high of 100% to a low of 4% among the @entity1 . A Spearman rank-order correlation between age and percentage of syllables with @entity5069 was nonsignificant. Mantel-Haenszel tests for repeated measures indicated that @entity5069 occurred more often during production of syllables containing /i/ (62%) when compared with /  / (50%) (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS:     Velar @entity5069 as a component of nasal turbulence varies widely among @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 . CV syllables with high vowels appear to trigger velar @entity5069 more often than syllables with low vowels.
