@entity3509 and restrictive pleural processes after XXXX : an under-recognized cause of @entity1576 .

@entity1 @entity55 @entity649 @entity3509 @entity651 @entity1576 @entity734 @entity130
@entity1576 is a common complication among @entity1 sustaining major @entity130 . This is usually due to the underlying @entity651 , @entity55 , or adult @entity649 . However, we have frequently found these @entity1 to actually have a pleural process as the cause of their @entity1576 . Our objective was to assess the frequency of @entity3509 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity130 and their contribution to @entity1576 . We retrospectively reviewed all @entity130 @entity1 over a 5-year period who required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity3509 . Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity130 required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity3509 . The most common finding was infected, loculated hemothorax/effusion in 23 @entity1 , whereas 5 had an associated @entity55 . Chest radiographs were nondiscriminating, whereas CT scans in 25 @entity1 showed previously unrecognized fluid collections, air-fluid levels, or gas bubbles. Neither thoracentesis nor placement of additional chest tubes was helpful. Positive cultures were uncommon. @entity734 was present preoperatively in 13 @entity1 who were on the ventilator an average of 13 days preoperatively and only 5.8 days postoperatively. Several @entity1 believed to have adult @entity649 were weaned within 72 hours of operation. All @entity1 were ultimately cured. @entity3509 is an under-recognized complication of @entity130 and may contribute to @entity1576 and ventilator dependence. Although difficult to diagnose, @entity3509 should be considered in @entity130 @entity1 with @entity1576 and an abnormal chest radiograph. CT aids in the diagnosis, and the results of surgical treatment are excellent.
