Cardiovascular and Mortality Outcomes in the Elderly With Impaired Cardiac and Pulmonary Function: The @entity65 ( XXXX ).

@entity73 @entity712 @entity65 @entity1002
BACKGROUND: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) are prevalent in the elderly and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The main objectives of this study were to examine the relative impact and joint association of @entity73 and @entity1002 with @entity712 , @entity65 and all-cause mortality, and their impact on risk classification using a continuous net reclassification index. METHODS AND RESULTS: We followed 2342 adults without prevalent @entity65 (mean age, 76 years) from the @entity65 for a median of 12.6 years. @entity1002 was defined as LV ejection fraction <55%. @entity73 was defined as: forced expiratory volume in 1 second:forced vital capacity <70%, and predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second <80%. Outcomes included @entity712 hospitalization, @entity65 , all-cause mortality, and composite outcome. @entity1002 was detected in 128 subjects (6%), @entity73 in 441 (19%) and both in 38 (2%). Compared to those without @entity1002 or @entity73 , there was a significantly increased cardiovascular risk for groups of @entity1002 only, @entity73 only, and @entity1002 plus @entity73 , adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 2.1 (1.5-3.0), 1.7 (1.4-2.1), and 3.2 (2.0-5.1) for HF; 1.8 (1.2-2.6), 1.4 (1.1-1.8), and 2.8 (1.7-4.7) for @entity65 ; 1.3 (1.0-1.8), 1.7 (1.4-1.9), and 2.1 (1.5-3.0) for all-cause mortality, and 1.6 (1.3-2.1), 1.7 (1.5-1.9), and 2.4 (1.7-3.3) for composite outcome, respectively. Risk classification improved significantly for all outcomes when @entity73 was added to the adjusted model with @entity1002 or @entity1002 to @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: While risk of cardiovascular outcomes was the highest among elderly with both @entity1002 and @entity73 , risk was comparable between subjects with @entity73 alone and those with @entity1002 alone. This observation, combined with improved risk classification by adding @entity73 to @entity1002 or @entity1002 to @entity73 , underscore the importance of comprehensive heart and lung evaluation in cardiovascular outcome assessment.
