Risk factors for decline in IQ in youth with type 1 XXXX over the 12 years from diagnosis/illness onset.

@entity1 @entity410 @entity6
OBJECTIVE: This study examined illness-related change in intelligence quotient (IQ) in a cohort of youth with type 1 @entity6 studied prospectively from disease onset in childhood to follow-up 12 years later in late adolescence/early adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 included type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (n = 95; mean age at follow-up 21.3 years) and healthy control @entity1 (HCs; n = 67; mean age at follow-up 21.0 years) from a cohort followed prospectively. Measures included Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity1 -Revised, and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and prospective collection of data on metabolic control history. RESULTS: Young @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 showed greater decline in verbal IQ (VIQ) and full-scale IQ (FSIQ), but not performance IQ (PIQ), than HCs. Within the @entity6 group, a younger age at @entity6 onset was associated with a decline in PIQ and FSIQ (P  <= 0.001). A history of @entity410 was associated with a decline in VIQ (P = 0.002). Long-term metabolic control was not associated with changes in IQ. Interaction terms were not significant, suggesting no moderating effect of one @entity6 -related variable over another. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity6 may negatively influence some aspects of IQ over time. Specific illness risk factors, such as an earlier age of disease onset and a history of @entity410 , appear to put the young @entity1 at greater risk. Academic progress of @entity1 identified as at risk should be monitored and educational supports provided if necessary.
