Increased levels of inflammatory immune mediators in vitreous from XXXX .

@entity1 @entity650 @entity231 @entity7 @entity6781 @entity14421 @entity6977 @entity2286 @entity12868 @entity14420 @entity735 @entity2842 @entity17090 @entity687 @entity8252 @entity371 @entity10557
PURPOSE: To determine if @entity735 have an increased and sustained level of inflammatory immune mediators in the vitreous compared to phakic eyes. METHODS: Vitreous fluid samples were obtained from 73 @entity1 undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) as a result of a macular hole, epiretinal membrane, vitreous macular traction, or vitreous floaters. Forty eyes were pseudophakic and had previously undergone uncomplicated @entity231 surgery, ranging from a few months to several years prior to @entity2286 . The vitreous samples were analyzed for 29 different inflammatory immune mediators using multiplex bead immunoassays. RESULTS: A total of 14 cytokines (eotaxin, @entity371 [ @entity371 ], @entity2842 [ @entity2842 ], @entity14421 [MDC], @entity10557 , @entity12868 , thymus activation regulated chemokine [ @entity14420 ], IL-12p40, @entity8252 , @entity17090 , @entity6977 , @entity7 , @entity650 , and @entity687 ) were detected in the vitreous of both study groups. Using multiple linear regression analysis, @entity6781 was significantly correlated with higher levels of vitreous immune mediators compared to phakia. Elevated vitreous levels were estimated to decrease over time for @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity8252 , @entity17090 , and @entity7 , though they remained elevated for many months and even years compared to the levels detected in phakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate that @entity231 surgery and @entity6781 can induce increased vitreous levels of a substantial range of inflammatory immune mediators. The elevated levels seem to be maintained for a long period of time. These increased levels of cytokines may be involved in inflammatory processes leading to several complications to @entity231 surgery, both early and late.
