The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in @entity1691 and its associated disorders including @entity29 , XXXX , and @entity5890 .

@entity1 @entity1569 @entity29 @entity5890 @entity1691
OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity1 of @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity1 of @entity1 . This suggests that either @entity1 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity1 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity1691 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity1 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity1569 , @entity5890 , @entity29 ) was examined in @entity1 with an @entity1691 mother as opposed to an @entity1691 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity1 of affected @entity1 . The affected @entity1 of a mother with @entity1691 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity1 of a father with disease. @entity29 was more prevalent among @entity1 of @entity1691 mothers than @entity1691 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity1691 mothers than among sons of @entity1691 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity1691 . @entity1 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity29 ) than do @entity1 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity1569 (when @entity1691 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.
