XXXX Sex-Specific Recombination and Genetic Control from a Large Pedigree Analysis.

@entity72256 @entity1 @entity72255 @entity72254 @entity72257 @entity72259 @entity72258 @entity291 @entity72260
UNASSIGNED: Meiotic recombination is an essential biological process that generates genetic diversity and ensures proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. From a large USDA dairy @entity291 pedigree with over half a million genotyped animals, we extracted 186,927 three-generation families, identified over 8.5 million maternal and paternal recombination events, and constructed sex-specific recombination maps for 59,309 autosomal SNPs. The recombination map spans for 25.5 Morgans in males and 23.2 Morgans in females, for a total studied region of 2,516 Mb (986 kb/cM in males and 1,085 kb/cM in females). The male map is 10% longer than the female map and the sex difference is most pronounced in the subtelomeric regions. We identified 1,792 male and 1,885 female putative recombination hotspots, with 720 hotspots shared between sexes. These hotspots encompass 3% of the genome but account for 25% of the genome-wide recombination events in both sexes. During the past forty years, males showed a decreasing trend in recombination rate that coincided with the artificial selection for milk production. Sex-specific GWAS analyses identified @entity72254 and @entity72255 to have significant effects on genome-wide recombination rate in both sexes. Two novel loci, @entity72256 and @entity72257 , were associated with recombination rate in both sexes, whereas three loci, @entity72258 , @entity72259 and @entity72260 , affected recombination rate in females only. Among the multiple @entity72254 paralogues on the @entity291 genome, our GWAS of recombination hotspot usage together with linkage analysis identified the @entity72254 paralogue on chromosome 1 to be associated in the U.S. Holstein data. Given the largest sample size ever reported for such studies, our results reveal new insights into the understanding of @entity291 and @entity1 recombination.
