Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in XXXX : effects on attentional @entity1054 distributions.

@entity1 @entity162 @entity308 @entity1316 @entity1054
BACKGROUND: Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ). However, little is known of the characteristics of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in @entity1316 . METHOD: A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 @entity1 with a @entity1316 : 86 euthymic @entity162 , 33 @entity308 and 39 medication-free @entity308 @entity1 . Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each @entity1 . Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the @entity1054 distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the 'slow tail' of the distribution). RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all @entity1 samples. Due to minimal changes in average @entity1054 , CoV was only increased significantly in @entity308 @entity1 . Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic @entity162 [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60-1.64, p < 0.0001) in @entity308 . The mu parameter did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of @entity1316 . This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional @entity1054 distribution parameters between @entity308 and @entity162 , and @entity308 and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.
