Contamination, source identification, and risk assessment of XXXX in agricultural soil of Shanghai, China.

@entity12685 @entity2555 @entity2556 @entity14368 @entity9435 @entity505
The level, distribution, compositional pattern, and possible sources of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) in agricultural soil of Shanghai were investigated. The concentrations ranged from 140.7 to 2,370.8  g kg(   -1) for 21 @entity2556 and from 92.2 to 2,062.7  g kg(   -1) for 16 priority @entity2556 , respectively. The higher level of @entity2556 was mainly distributed in the south and west of Shanghai region, and the lower concentration was found in Chongming Island. Generally, the composition pattern of @entity2556 was characterized with high molecular weight @entity2556 , the seven possible carcinogenic @entity2556 accounted for 4.8-50.8% of the total @entity2556 , and @entity14368 , @entity9435 , and @entity12685 were the most dominant components in soil samples. The correlation analysis suggested that low molecular weight @entity2556 and high molecular weight @entity2556 were originated from different sources and further corroborated that total organic @entity505 was a key soil property affecting the fate of persistent organic pollutants in the environment. The isomer ratios and principal component analysis indicated that @entity2556 in the investigated areas were derived primarily from combustion of biomass, coal, and petroleum. Compared to the soil quality standards of the Netherlands, all the target @entity2556 (except Ant) in most samples exceeded their target values. The Nemerow composite index based on the same soil quality standard showed that 69.4% of the soil samples were heavily polluted. The total BaP(eq) of ten Dutch target @entity2556 in 72% soil samples were higher than the reference total carcinogenic potency. Therefore, the agricultural soil in Shanghai is suffering from serious @entity2556 contamination.
