@entity22750 + XXXX + T follicular helper cells participate in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis.

@entity1 @entity404 @entity22750 @entity18253 @entity10055
There is increasing interest in the role of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in autoimmunity from the perspective of both their role in breach of tolerance and their effects on the natural history of disease progression. Indeed, the critical role of Tfh cells in autoimmunity is further highlighted based on their location in the germinal center (GC), a pathogenic hot spot for development of autoreactivity. To address the role of Tfh cells in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we comprehensively evaluated the immunobiology of @entity22750 (+) @entity404 (+) Tfh cells in 69 @entity1 with PBC, including a nested subgroup of 16 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and 20 healthy controls (HC), followed for 1 year. We report herein several key observations. First, there was an increased frequency of circulating Tfh cells in @entity1 with PBC compared to AIH (P < 0.05) and HC (P < 0.01). Second, the function of circulating Tfh cells from PBC @entity1 , including interleukin (IL)-21 production (P < 0.05), the ability to promote B-cell maturation, and autoantibody production, were greater than HC. Third, the frequency of these cells was significantly decreased in @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) responders compared to @entity18253 -treated nonresponders, in both cross-sectional (P = 0.023) and longitudinal studies (P = 0.036), respectively. Indeed, similar increases of Tfh cells were noted in liver and spleen. CONCLUSION: These results significantly extend our understanding of lymphoid subpopulations in PBC and their relative role in disease expression. Our data also provide a novel biomarker for evaluation of the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches.
