Arteriogenesis in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity64 @entity3657 @entity63 @entity158 @entity583
@entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) most frequently presents with lower limb @entity158 on walking--intermittent claudication. As the disease progresses the @entity1 might suffer from @entity158 and/or ischemic @entity63 ( @entity63 ). The management of @entity1 with @entity3657 consists of life-style modifications and pharmacotherapy addressing the risk factors to minimize the risk for disease progression and mortality in @entity583 and @entity64 . Symptomatic invasive treatment consists of surgical or endovascular revascularization. Unfortunately, about 20-30% of @entity1 with @entity63 can not be treated by any of these methods and the only option for them is often amputation. For this group of @entity1 there is a great need for alternative treatment strategies and several strategies are currently tested to stimulate collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis). Arteriogenesis is defined as growth of preexisting arteriolar connections into true collateral arteries. It relies on a complex combination of increased shear stress, different growth factors, cytokines, proteolytic enzymes and @entity32 . It is probable that this process is important for disease progression and the pathophysiology of @entity63 , but its impact needs to be further elucidated. Such efforts will also benefit attempts to stimulate arteriogenesis as therapy for @entity63 . This article briefly discusses the basic mechanisms underlying arteriogenesis, and speculates how this knowledge influences our view of the pathophysiology and treatment of @entity3657 , particularly lower limb @entity63 .
