XXXX : the kidneys.

@entity1 @entity1344 @entity8 @entity82 @entity3182 @entity879 @entity1887 @entity409 @entity648 @entity177 @entity281 @entity701 @entity810 @entity3485 @entity99 @entity2753
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity879 ( @entity879 ) is defined as an abrupt deterioration of liver function in @entity1 with established @entity409 . Kidney function is almost universally altered in @entity1 with @entity879 due to underlying circulatory abnormalities. We review current advances during the past year in the diagnosis and management of @entity177 in @entity879 . RECENT FINDINGS: The adequate measurement of renal function by means of clearance methods remains the gold standard for estimation of the glomerular filtration rate in @entity1 with @entity82 . The new definition of @entity810 needs to be specifically studied in @entity1 with @entity82 . Alternative kidney biomarkers of renal function in @entity82 are promising and need further investigation. The most common cause of @entity177 in @entity82 is that associated with @entity281 followed by @entity3485 -induced @entity177 , intrinsic @entity8 , @entity3182 , and drug-induced @entity177 . @entity1887 commonly occurs in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity1344 . The proper diagnosis relies on corticotropin stimulation testing and the role of @entity701 therapy in these @entity1 merits further investigation. @entity2753 in @entity82 is a major risk factor for the development of @entity99 and is associated with a poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity879 and also after deceased donor and living-related liver transplantation. Vasoconstrictor drugs, particularly terlipressin, are effective for the management of @entity3182 . Predictive factors of response to terlipressin include serum @entity648 levels and the presence of an early increase in mean arterial pressure. SUMMARY: The ongoing advances in the diagnosis and management of @entity1 with @entity879 and @entity177 will improve the diagnosis, therapy and outcome of these @entity1 .
