Controversies Around Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of XXXX Infection.

@entity1 @entity2176 @entity868 @entity281 @entity580 @entity2718 @entity29136
@entity2718 @entity281 is a major public health problem. However, in recent years the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity2718 @entity281 have undergone a significant change. The incidence of @entity2718 has increased, not only in the healthcare sector but also in the community. @entity580 and community-acquired disease have different risk factors, with the latter occurring in @entity1 and younger individuals without a history of antibiotic use or previous @entity281 . From a clinician's perspective, a quick efficient diagnosis is required for @entity1 treatment; however, the old method of using enzyme immunoassays is insensitive and not very specific. Recent literature around diagnostic testing for @entity2718 @entity281 suggests using PCR or a two-step algorithm to improve sensitivity and specificity. More failures and recurrence with @entity868 have led to treatment algorithms suggesting its use for mild @entity281 and switching to @entity2176 if there is no clinical improvement. Alternatively, if signs and symptoms suggest severe @entity281 , then oral @entity2176 is recommended as a first-line agent. The addition of a new but costly agent, @entity29136 , has seen some disparity between the European and North American guidelines with regard to when it should be used. Lastly, rapid developments and good results with fecal microbial transplantation have also left clinicians wondering about its place in therapy. This article reviews the literature around some of the recent controversies in the field of @entity2718 @entity281 .
