Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on XXXX and @entity12586 @entity1337 .

@entity1 @entity12586 @entity63 @entity1337 @entity1286 @entity158
Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal @entity158 perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in @entity1 . Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of @entity1286 and @entity12586 @entity1337 varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy @entity1 , 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental @entity158 assessment both before and after intravenous administration @entity1286 (0.08mg/kg) or @entity12586 (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, @entity63 , and @entity158 sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in @entity158 responses were computed to determine @entity1286 and @entity12586 analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC @entity1 showed slightly greater @entity158 sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC @entity1 (P=0.046). Also, OC @entity1 showed lower @entity158 thresholds compared to NOC @entity1 (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC @entity1 showed greater @entity1286 @entity1337 for @entity158 during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for @entity1286 were significantly higher in NOC @entity1 in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and @entity158 modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline @entity158 responses were observed; however, @entity1286 @entity1337 and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.
