XXXX aerosol delivered via metered-dose inhaler to intubated pediatric models of 3 ages, with 4 spacer designs.

@entity1 @entity3045 @entity1289 @entity27395
OBJECTIVE: To determine the amount of @entity3045 , in various particle size ranges, delivered from a @entity27395 -propelled metered-dose inhaler (Airomir) in 3 models of pediatric intubation (ages 8 months, 4 years, and 16 years) using 4 types of aerosol reservoir: 3 spacers ( @entity1289 , AeroChamber HC MV, metal NebuChamber without 1-way valve) and 1 holding chamber (metal NebuChamber with 1-way valve). METHODS: Five reservoirs of each type were tested with @entity3045 delivered via metered-dose inhaler that delivers 100 microg of @entity3045 per actuation. Each reservoir was connected to an endotracheal tube (ETT) that corresponded to the given @entity1 age (8 months = 4 French; 4 years = 5 French; 16 years = 7.5 French) and to a valved system that allowed connection of the ETT to a cascade impactor. Simulated tidal volumes representative of @entity1 of the given ages were passed through the reservoir. Both the cascade impactor and the ETT were enclosed within a 100% humidity, 37 degrees C environment. RESULTS: For the total amount of @entity3045 inhaled onto the impactor, and both the 1.1-4.7 microm and 1.1-3.3 microm inhaled fine-particle fractions, the NebuChamber-with-valve showed significantly greater drug delivery than the NebuChamber-without-valve, the AeroChamber HC MV, or the @entity1289 (p < 0.001). Among the reservoirs without valves the NebuChamber showed significantly greater delivery than the AeroChamber HC MV or @entity1289 (p < 0.001) for total drug deposition and for both the 1.1-4.7 microm and 1.1-3.3 microm fine-particle fractions. These results were consistent over all age groups. The AeroChamber HC MV had significantly greater delivery (total deposition) than the @entity1289 (p < 0.001), except in the 4-year-old model. There were no significant differences between the AeroChamber HC MV and the @entity1289 for either the 1.1-4.7 microm or the 1.1-3.3 microm fine-particle fraction. CONCLUSION: An aerosol reservoir with 1-way valve positioned between the spacer and the ETT improved the amount of inhaled @entity3045 300-900%, compared to the other reservoirs.
