@entity1 and experimental XXXX in the United States.

@entity1 @entity281 @entity12590 @entity565
In the past 13 years, 24 cases of @entity12590 have been reported in the United States. Of these, 14 were @entity281 by Phocanema sp. and found in California and Alaska, and most were of the tissue non-invasive type. The remaining 10 cases were @entity281 by larvae of anisakis type I (L3 and L4). Of these 10 cases, 4 were found on the west coast, 5 were on the east coast and one was in Hawaii. In 3 of the 10 cases, the parasite invaded the digestive tract. A characteristic symptom of the throat named "tingling throat" was manifested in 16 of the 24 cases, and this symptom was found to be due to larvae of Phocanema in most cases. As a method for immunological diagnosis of @entity12590 , the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is being investigated as a cooperative study with Ishikura. As a result, IgE obtained from the sera of 4 @entity1 who had been parasitologically diagnosed as having the disease and one @entity1 in whom the parasite had not been confirmed but was clinically diagnosed as having the disease reacted strongly with anisakis larva antigens, and this reaction was able to be distinguished from the immune response to antigens of other Ascaris. On the other hand, when RAST was applied to @entity1 @entity565 @entity1 in Hawaii, they showed a strong response to the anisakis larva antigens. Because the causative factors of @entity1 @entity565 in Hawaii are few and the environmental conditions are also good (i.e., do not cause @entity565 ), their @entity565 is surmised to be helminth-associated @entity565 . In view of this background, as well, the results of RAST are interesting. When anisakis larva antigens were analyzed, a strong immunosuppressive effect was confirmed in the high molecular weight fraction (MW: greater than 10,000), while the presence of a substance having mutagenicity was confirmed in the low molecular weight fraction (MW: less than 10,000). In addition, in the sea near Hawaii, we discovered a novel species of Phocanema, which were named Terranova HA.
