Ex ova XXXX chorioallantoic membrane as a novel in vivo model for testing biosensors.

@entity1 @entity32 @entity82 @entity1573 @entity1443
A major problem with implantable sensors is their short in vivo lifetime, due to strong tissue reactions (i.e., @entity32 and @entity82 ) caused by the implant and the failure of sensor components. The tissue reactions to the sensor, the biocompatibility of components, and the function of the sensor must be evaluated by using in vivo models. Current methods of in vivo biosensor testing are time- and labor- intensive and expensive. In addition, the results often vary on the basis of the surgical skills of the investigator. The in ova chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the developing @entity1573 embryo was previously developed in our laboratory as a novel in vivo system to test biomaterials. In this new article, we describe a novel approach for testing biosensors in vivo using the ex ova CAM model as an alternative to the traditional @entity1 models. Fertilized @entity1573 eggs were incubated for 3 days in ova and then transferred into a petri dish (ex ova) for further incubation at 37 degrees C and 80% humidity. After 1 week of incubation, @entity1443 biosensors, used as model sensors, were placed on top of the CAM and allowed to incorporate for 1 week. Biosensors were then tested for their sensitivity to @entity1443 . CAM venules were injected with 0.2 mL of a 3.6 mM @entity1443 solution. The current produced by the sensor reflected the change in blood @entity1443 levels. Sensors were also assessed by using gross and histological evaluations. We previously reported on the similarity of the tissue response of the CAM with the @entity1 models. The low cost, simplicity, and possibility to continuously visualize the sensor test site through a cell culture dish make this animal model particularly attractive for the rapid in vivo screening of biosensors.
