The dose-response association of urinary metals with altered pulmonary function and risks of XXXX : a population-based study in China.

@entity1 @entity358 @entity3885 @entity1030
OBJECTIVE: Reduced pulmonary function is an important predictor of environment-related @entity358 ; however, evidence of an association between exposures to various metals from all possible routes and altered pulmonary function is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of various metals in urine with pulmonary function, @entity358 ( @entity358 ) and @entity3885 ( @entity3885 ) risks in the general Chinese population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional investigation in the Wuhan cohort population. SETTING: A heavily polluted Chinese city. @entity1 : A total of 2460 community-living Chinese adults from the Wuhan cohort were included in our analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spirometric parameters (FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volumes in 1   s; FEV1/FVC ratio), @entity358 and @entity3885 . RESULTS: The dose-response associations of pulmonary function, and @entity358 and @entity3885 , with 23 urinary metals were assessed using regression analysis after adjusting for potential confounders. The false discovery rate (FDR) method was used to correct for multiple hypothesis tests. Our results indicated that there were positive dose-response associations of urinary iron with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, vanadium with FEV1, and copper and selenium with FEV1/FVC ratio, while a negative dose-response association was observed between urinary lead and FEV1/FVC ratio (all p<0.05). After additional adjusting for multiple comparisons, only iron was dose dependently related to FEV1/FVC ratio (FDR adjusted p<0.05). The dose-response association of iron and lead, with decreased and increased @entity1030 risk, respectively, was also observed (both p<0.05). Additionally, we found significant association of urinary zinc with @entity358 and interaction effects of smoking status with lead on FEV1/FVC, and with cadmium on FVC and FEV1. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that multiple urinary metals are associated with altered pulmonary function, and @entity358 and @entity3885 prevalences.
