Effect of @entity1499 alone or in combination with @entity3378 on the production and circulating concentrations of cytokines and their antagonists. Longitudinal evaluation in XXXX with @entity309 .

@entity1 @entity650 @entity1356 @entity5 @entity1199 @entity310 @entity10496 @entity19743 @entity1500 @entity3378 @entity1499 @entity309
In a recent study from our group, the combination of @entity1499 and @entity3378 ( @entity1500 + @entity19743 ) seemed superior to @entity1500 alone in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). To assess the impact of these therapies on the cytokine cascade, the in vitro production and circulating concentrations of several cytokines and endogenous cytokine antagonists were measured in 30 healthy controls and longitudinally in a subset of 26 @entity1 enrolled in this study. Compared to controls, @entity309 @entity1 had significantly higher circulating concentrations of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), soluble receptors for @entity5 necrosis factor (sTNFR), soluble receptors for @entity1199 (sIL-2R) and @entity10496 ( @entity10496 ), and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) showed a higher spontaneous production of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity10496 (both secreted and cell-associated) and a higher stimulated production of cell-associated @entity310 , @entity10496 and (to a lesser extent) @entity1356 . Treatment with @entity1500 alone (n = 12) or combined with @entity19743 (n = 14), resulted in significant reductions of circulating @entity650 and sIL-2R but did not alter @entity1356 , @entity310 or @entity10496 concentrations. Decreases in circulating levels of sTNFR and in the in vitro production of cell-associated @entity1356 and @entity10496 after stimulation were only observed in @entity1 treated with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . The concentrations of @entity10496 and sTNFR in the circulation exceeded moderately those of @entity1356 and @entity310 but this is probably insufficient to block @entity1356 and @entity310 activity. In conclusion, therapy with @entity1500 alone or with @entity19743 modulates @entity650 and sIL-2R concentrations in @entity309 . Decreased production of @entity1356 and @entity10496 and circulating sTNFR levels were only observed during therapy with @entity1500 + @entity19743 . Whether this relates to the better clinical effect observed with the combination therapy remains to be investigated. Circulating levels of @entity650 , sIL-2R and sTNFR seem useful markers of disease activity in @entity309 .
