Thermal distribution analysis of three-dimensional XXXX -embedded breast models with different breast density compositions.

@entity5 @entity1 @entity3630 @entity0
UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 among @entity1 globally, and the number of young @entity1 diagnosed with this disease is gradually increasing over the years. Mammography is the current gold-standard technique although it is known to be less sensitive in detecting @entity5 in @entity1 with dense breast tissue. Detecting an early-stage @entity5 in young @entity1 is very crucial for better survival chance and treatment. The thermography technique has the capability to provide an additional functional information on physiological changes to mammography by describing thermal and vascular properties of the tissues. Studies on breast thermography have been carried out to improve the accuracy level of the thermography technique in various perspectives. However, the limitation of gathering @entity1 affected by @entity5 in different age groups had necessitated this comprehensive study which is aimed to investigate the effect of different density levels on the surface temperature distribution profile of the breast models. These models, namely extremely dense (ED), @entity3630 ( @entity3630 ), scattered fibroglandular (SF), and predominantly fatty (PF), with @entity5 were developed using the finite element method. A conventional Pennes' bioheat model was used to perform the numerical simulation on different case studies, and the results obtained were then compared using a hypothesis statistical analysis method to the reference breast model developed previously. The results obtained show that ED, SF, and PF breast models had significant mean differences in surface temperature profile with a p value <0.025, while @entity3630 breast model data pair agreed with the null hypothesis formulated due to the comparable tissue composition percentage to the reference model. The findings suggested that various breast density levels should be considered as a contributing factor to the surface thermal distribution profile alteration in both @entity0 detection and analysis when using the thermography technique.
