XXXX Nanoparticles Exhibit Genotoxic, Clastogenic, Cytotoxic and Actin Depolymerization Effects by Inducing Oxidative Stress Responses in Macrophages and Adult @entity19 .

@entity32 @entity137 @entity19 @entity26 @entity1947 @entity898 @entity72785 @entity31300 @entity224 @entity1948 @entity5533
UNASSIGNED: @entity1947 nanoparticles ( @entity1948 -NPs) have wide biological applications, which have raised serious concerns about their impact on the health and environment. Although, various studies have shown @entity1948 -NP @entity137 on different cells under in vitro conditions, sufficient information is lacking regarding @entity137 and underlying mechanisms under in vivo conditions. In this work, we investigated genotoxic, clastogenic, and cytotoxic effects of @entity1948 -NPs on macrophages and in adult @entity19 . @entity1948 -NP-treated @entity19 showed signs of @entity137 such as loss in body weight, passive behavior and reduced survival. Further mechanistic studies revealed that administration of higher dose caused severe DNA damage in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells as evident by the formation of COMET tail, micronuclei, chromosomal fragmentation, and phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X. Moreover, @entity1948 -NPs inhibited DNA repair mechanism by downregulating the expression of @entity72785 and @entity31300 proteins. Histopathological examinations showed severe @entity32 and damage to liver, lungs, and kidneys. Cell viability and wound healing assays revealed that @entity1948 -NPs killed macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, caused severe wounds and inhibited cellular migration by irreversible actin depolymerization and degradation. Reduction in the viability of macrophages was due to the arrest of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, inhibition of @entity224 dismutase and @entity5533 and eventually reactive @entity26 species. Furthermore, treatment with an antioxidant drug @entity898 significantly reduced the @entity1948 -NP induced genotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this study gives detailed pathological insights of @entity1948 -NP that impair cellular functions, thus will enable to arbitrate their biological applications.
