Dichlorvos exposure results in large scale disruption of energy metabolism in the liver of the XXXX , @entity3392 .

@entity28962 @entity844 @entity137 @entity4094 @entity26 @entity505 @entity36435 @entity413 @entity5139 @entity3392 @entity2359
BACKGROUND: Exposure to @entity28962 ( @entity28962 ), an @entity5139 pesticide, is known to result in @entity2359 as well as other metabolic perturbations. However, the molecular causes of @entity28962 @entity137 are poorly understood, especially in cells other than neurons and muscle cells. To obtain a better understanding of the process of non-neuronal @entity28962 @entity137 , we exposed @entity3392 to different concentrations of @entity28962 , and investigated the resulting changes in liver histology and gene transcription. RESULTS: Functional enrichment analysis of genes affected by @entity28962 exposure identified a number of processes involved in energy utilization and stress response in the liver. The abundance of transcripts for proteins involved in @entity413 metabolism was profoundly affected, suggesting that @entity505 flux might be diverted toward the @entity36435 pathway to compensate for an elevated demand for energy and reducing equivalents for detoxification. Strikingly, many transcripts for molecules involved in b-oxidation and @entity844 synthesis were down-regulated. We found increases in message levels for molecules involved in reactive @entity26 species responses as well as ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation, and autophagy. To ensure that the effects of @entity28962 on energy metabolism were not simply a consequence of poor feeding because of @entity4094 , we fasted fish for 29 or 50  h and analyzed liver gene expression in them. The patterns of gene expression for energy metabolism in fasted and @entity28962 -exposed fish were markedly different. CONCLUSION: We observed coordinated changes in the expression of a large number of genes involved in energy metabolism and responses to oxidative stress. These results argue that an appreciable part of the effect of @entity28962 is on energy metabolism and is regulated at the message level. Although we observed some evidence of @entity4094 in exposed fish that may have resulted in reduced feeding, the alterations in gene expression in exposed fish cannot readily be explained by nutrient deprivation.
