Ethnic variation in XXXX expression in nipple aspirate fluid.

@entity1 @entity14958 @entity16914 @entity263 @entity0 @entity1420 @entity5 @entity18504 @entity1486
Socioeconomic factors cannot entirely explain why black @entity1 have an earlier age of @entity0 onset and higher mortality rates, stage for stage, than whites. We and others have shown that @entity1486 [PSA, also known as @entity1 @entity18504 (hK) 3] is a marker of breast as well as @entity263 , that @entity14958 and @entity16914 are highly homologous at the DNA and protein level and that the level of @entity1420 , which appears to upregulate @entity16914 , is influenced by ethnicity. We hypothesized that nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) @entity14958 and @entity16914 levels are (i) lower in black than white @entity1 ; (ii) independently associated with @entity0 ; (iii) influenced by menopausal status; and (iv) in combination are more informative about whether a @entity1 has @entity0 than either marker alone. NAF was assayed for @entity14958 and @entity16914 , and the results were stratified by ethnicity, presence or absence of @entity5 and menopausal status. Statistical analysis was then performed. When stratified by ethnicity, @entity14958 (p = 0.003) and @entity16914 (p = 0.027) levels in blacks were lower than in whites. @entity14958 was lower in premenopausal black than in white subjects, regardless of @entity5 status. Overall, @entity14958 , @entity16914 and the ratio @entity14958 / @entity16914 were lower in subjects with @entity0 than in normal subjects. @entity16914 was lower in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of ethnicity. @entity14958 and @entity16914 levels were higher in pre- than in postmenopausal whites. Using logistic regression and considering @entity14958 , @entity16914 , @entity14958 / @entity16914 and ethnicity, @entity16914 was significantly associated with @entity0 in both pre- (p < 0.001) and postmenopausal @entity1 (p = 0.023). In conclusion, whereas @entity14958 , @entity16914 , @entity14958 / @entity16914 and ethnicity are each significantly associated with @entity0 bivariately, after entering the strongest predictor, @entity16914 , into a logistic regression model, no other variable accounted for additional variation, although this observation is preliminary due to the limited number of black subjects in the study.
