Modular antigen-translocation as a novel vaccine strategy for XXXX .

@entity6542 @entity483 @entity32 @entity2490 @entity56 @entity11155
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of the present review is to describe recent approaches aimed at improving the treatment of @entity56 through @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). Special emphasis will be given to the approach based on specific targeting of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II antigen-presentation pathway. RECENT FINDINGS: It is well recognized that IgE-mediated @entity56 including @entity2490 , @entity483 and @entity56 are increasing worldwide to a pandemic dimension. The only curative treatment remains allergen- @entity6542 , which, however, requires a long treatment time of 3-5 years with up to 80 injections to confer protection. Recent findings strongly indicate that the treatment time and the number of injections could be drastically reduced by turning immunotherapy to a true vaccination. Direct injection of allergen extracts into the inguinal lymph nodes and targeting the @entity11155 -presentation pathway by recombinant modular antigen-translocating vaccines have the potential to cure @entity56 in a very short time. SUMMARY: The mechanisms of @entity32 can be divided into four distinct stages: T cell activation, organ-selective homing, survival/reactivation and effector functions. On the basis of this new knowledge several novel concepts aimed at treating @entity56 have been developed. The area of allergen- @entity6542 is experiencing exciting developments. Reciprocal regulation of effector and regulatory T cell subsets is being more and more used to develop novel strategies for immunomodulation.
