Maternal XXXX status during early gestation and risk for @entity600 .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity6 @entity4259 @entity600 @entity397 @entity1468 @entity164 @entity1374
BACKGROUND: Preterm birth occurs in 5%-13% of pregnancies. It is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and has adverse long-term consequences for the health of the @entity1 . Because of the role @entity4259 plays in @entity32 , and because low concentrations of @entity4259 have been found in @entity1 with @entity1468 , we hypothesized that low maternal @entity4259 status during early gestation would increase the risk of @entity600 . METHODS: White Dutch @entity1 with a singleton pregnancy (n = 1197) were followed prospectively from 12 weeks' gestation. @entity1 with @entity1374 or @entity164 1 @entity6 were excluded. At delivery, 1129 @entity1 had complete birth-outcome data. Serum concentrations of @entity4259 were measured during the 12th week of pregnancy. Deliveries were classified as preterm or term, and preterm births were subcategorized as iatrogenic, spontaneous or the result of premature @entity397 . RESULTS: Of the 60 @entity1 (5.3%) who had a @entity600 , 21 had premature @entity397 and 13 had @entity1468 . The serum @entity4259 concentration at 12 weeks' gestation was significantly lower among @entity1 who had a @entity600 than among those who delivered at term (mean 0.96 [standard deviation (SD) 0.14]  mol/L v. 1.02 [SD 0.13]  mol/L; t = 2.9, p = 0.001). @entity1 were grouped by quartile of serum @entity4259 concentration at 12 weeks' gestation. The number of @entity1 who had a @entity600 significantly differed by quartile (     = 8.01, 3 degrees of freedom], p < 0.05). @entity1 in the lowest quartile of serum @entity4259 had twice the risk of @entity600 as @entity1 in the upper three quartiles, even after adjustment for the occurrence of @entity1468 (adjusted odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.25-3.77). INTERPRETATION: Having low serum @entity4259 at the end of the first trimester was related to @entity600 and was independent of the mother having @entity1468 . Low maternal @entity4259 status during early gestation may increase the risk of preterm premature @entity397 , which is a major cause of @entity600 .
