Effects of XXXX and haemodialysis on dendritic cell subsets and basal and LPS-stimulated cytokine production.

@entity1 @entity650 @entity2937 @entity50602 @entity1529 @entity310 @entity13128 @entity2348 @entity204 @entity3027 @entity454
BACKGROUND: Although @entity2348 have dramatically declined as a cause of @entity204 in the general population, they remain a major cause of mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Moreover, the response to vaccination is profoundly impaired in this population. Dendritic cells ( @entity13128 ) are the major antigen-presenting cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses. Activation of @entity13128 by pathogens results in secretion of inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules. The activated @entity13128 prime na  ve T and B cells to the captured antigens. METHODS: Using flow cytometry, the number and phenotype of circulating @entity13128 [myeloid @entity13128 ( @entity13128 ) and plasmacytoid @entity13128 (pDC)] were quantified in pre- and post-dialysis blood samples from 20 @entity454 @entity1 maintained on haemodialysis. Ten normal individuals served as controls. In addition, the level of @entity13128 activation and their response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were determined by assessing expression of co-stimulatory molecule, @entity2937 , and @entity1529 , HLA-DR, as well as production of @entity310 , @entity3027 and @entity650 . RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the circulating dendritic cell count was significantly reduced in the @entity454 @entity1 before dialysis and declined further after dialysis. The reduction in pDC numbers was more striking than @entity13128 . The magnitude of the LPS-induced up-regulation of @entity2937 was comparable among the study groups as well as pre- and post-dialysis samples. However, LPS-induced @entity310 production was significantly reduced in the post-dialysis samples with no significant difference in @entity50602 productions among the study groups and in pre- and post-dialysis samples. CONCLUSIONS: @entity454 results in significant @entity13128 depletion which is largely due to diminished plasmacytoid @entity13128 subset. Haemodialysis procedure intensifies @entity13128 depletion and impairs LPS-induced @entity310 production.
