Effective connectivity of the posterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices relates to working memory impairment in XXXX and @entity162 @entity1 .

@entity1 @entity162 @entity161 @entity11304
BACKGROUND: @entity161 ( @entity161 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ) share many overlapping clinical features, confounding the current diagnostic systems. Recent studies suggest the posterior cingulate ( @entity11304 ) and medial prefrontal (MPFC) cortices that are involved in @entity161 and @entity162 pathophysiology. However, the roles of @entity11304 and MPFC in providing specific distinctive and shared neural substrates between these two disorders remain largely unknown. Examining the neurophysiologic mechanism of these diseases may help explain the clinical observations and differentiate the two disorders. METHODS: We used the Dynamic Casual Modeling (DCM), which is capable of eliciting hidden neuronal dynamics and reveal cross-regulation of multiple neuronal systems, to characterize the pattern of disrupted effective connectivity in the left @entity11304 -MPFC circuit during working memory tasks in 36 @entity161 and 20 @entity162 @entity1 as well as 29 healthy controls. RESULTS: Compared to the healthy controls, both @entity161 and @entity162 @entity1 groups exhibited significant negative effective connectivity from the left MPFC to @entity11304 . The negative effective connectivity was more remarkable in @entity161 @entity1 . Only @entity1 with @entity162 differed from healthy controls with positive effective connectivity from the left @entity11304 to MPFC. CONCLUSIONS: Whole brain analysis revealed deactivation of the left @entity11304 and MPFC across all @entity1 groups. This study provides new insight that changes in effective connectivity of the left MPFC to left @entity11304 circuit during working memory processing may be a core pathophysiological feature distinguishing @entity161 from @entity162 .
