Monitoring peri-operative immune suppression in renal cancer XXXX .

@entity1 @entity10793 @entity5 @entity1361 @entity4755 @entity1358 @entity405 @entity4386
The aim of this study was the identification of surrogate markers of host immunity in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 . Using 4-color flow cytometry the immunophenotype of blood immune cells of @entity1358 @entity1 was compared to that of healthy volunteers and correlated with staging and grading of @entity1 . Furthermore, the time course of these immune markers was compared in @entity1358 @entity1 undergoing either open surgery or laparoscopy. Compared to the healthy control group, blood of @entity1358 @entity1 contained more granulocytes and higher percentages of @entity4386 + @entity405 + T lymphocytes, but reduced numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) and of @entity1361 + @entity405 + T cells. @entity5 progression was associated with a higher white blood cell count, a reduced frequency of blood DCs and increased numbers of @entity4755 + T and NK cells. Monocytes of @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 showed a reduced HLA-DR surface expression associated with higher aminopeptidase N( @entity10793 )/ @entity10793 expression. @entity5 surgery caused an increase of granulocytes and a decrease of all lymphocytic and DC subpopulations within 24 h, whereas the number of HLA-DR low monocytes was up-regulated. As demonstrated by time kinetic analysis, laparoscopic intervention caused a more moderate immunosuppression and an enhanced restoration of immune activity than open surgery. These results suggest that the composition and the phenotype of innate immune cells reflect well the differences in the cellular immunity of @entity1358 @entity1 associated with @entity5 as well as surgery. The monocytic HLA-DR intensity represents a suitable marker for monitoring @entity5 stage and surgery-associated immunosuppression in @entity1358 @entity1 .
