Selective recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells to XXXX tissues with increased @entity2295 .

@entity1 @entity202 @entity19 @entity63 @entity2295
@entity63 remains a common problem in plastic surgery and one for which proangiogenic approaches have been investigated. Given the recent discovery of circulating endothelial stem or progenitor cells that are able to form new blood vessels, the authors sought to determine whether these cells might selectively traffic to regions of tissue @entity63 and induce @entity2295 . Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy @entity1 volunteers and expanded ex vivo for 7 days. Elevation of a cranially based random-pattern skin flap was performed in @entity19 , after which they were injected with fluorescent-labeled endothelial progenitor cells (5 x 10(5); n = 15), fluorescent-labeled @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells (5 x 10(5); n = 15), or media alone (n = 15). Histologic examination demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells were recruited to @entity63 tissue and first appeared by postoperative day 3. Subsequently, endothelial progenitor cell numbers increased exponentially over time for the remainder of the study [0 cells/ @entity202 at day 0 (n = 3), 9.6 +/- 0.9 cells/ @entity202 at day 3 (n = 3), 24.6 +/- 1.5 cells/ @entity202 at day 7 (n = 3), and 196.3 +/- 9.6 cells/ @entity202 at day 14 (n = 9)]. At all time points, endothelial progenitor cells localized preferentially to @entity63 tissue and healing wound edges, and were not observed in normal, uninjured tissues. Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation led to a statistically significant increase in vascular density in @entity63 tissues by postoperative day 14 [28.7 +/- 1.2 in the endothelial progenitor cell group (n = 9) versus 18 +/- 1.1 in the control media group (n = 9) and 17.7 +/- 1.0 in the @entity1 microvascular endothelial cell group (n = 9; p < 0.01)]. Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation also showed trends toward increased flap survival [171.2 +/- 18 @entity202 in the endothelial progenitor cell group (n = 12) versus 134.2 +/- 10 @entity202 in the media group (n = 12) and 145.0 +/- 13 @entity202 in the @entity1 microvascular endothelial cell group (n = 12)], but this did not reach statistical significance. These findings indicate that local tissue @entity63 is a potent stimulus for the recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Systemic delivery of endothelial progenitor cells increased @entity2295 and suggests that autologous endothelial progenitor cell transplantation may have a role in the salvage of @entity63 tissue.
