Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe XXXX .

@entity650 @entity5737 @entity47144 @entity4666 @entity1356 @entity7278 @entity6977 @entity1198 @entity2842 @entity379 @entity8252 @entity2521 @entity2772 @entity1199 @entity3646 @entity687 @entity1192 @entity10557
AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the expression of 22 chemokines and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from smokers and non-smokers with @entity2521 and periodontally healthy control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty subjects with generalized severe @entity7278 (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 12 periodontally healthy control subjects participated in this study. Four diseased and two healthy sites were selected from each of the @entity2521 subjects. GCF samples were collected and cytokines analysed utilizing a multiplexed immunoassay (Luminex(  ) ). Statistical analyses employed non-parametric tests including the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Compared with healthy control subjects, GCF in subjects with @entity7278 contained significantly higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-1a, @entity1356 , @entity650 , IL-12( @entity4666 ) (pro-inflammatory cytokines); @entity687 , @entity2842 , @entity10557 , regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted ( @entity5737 ) (chemokines); @entity1199 , @entity379 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 ( @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines); @entity8252 [regulator of T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells]. Smokers displayed decreased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ @entity1192 , @entity650 , IL-12( @entity4666 )], chemokines ( @entity687 , @entity2842 , @entity47144 , @entity5737 ), and regulators of T-cells and NK cells ( @entity6977 , @entity8252 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2521 subjects had significantly elevated cytokine and chemokine profiles. Smokers exhibited a decrease in several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and certain regulators of T-cells and NK-cells. This reflects the immunosuppressant effects of smoking which may contribute to an enhanced susceptibility to @entity2521 .
