Clinical, physiological, and radiological features of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity6410 @entity4184 @entity1030
BACKGROUND: @entity1030 (ACOS) is associated with rapid decline in lung function, poorer health-related quality-of-life outcomes, and frequent exacerbations, compared to @entity1030 alone. Although the numbers of @entity1 with ACOS have increased, there is little established evidence regarding diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Thus, the aim of our study was to clarify the clinical, physiological, and radiological features of @entity1 with ACOS. METHODS: We examined a total of 100 @entity1 with @entity1030 and 40 @entity1 with ACOS, who were selected based on clinical criteria. All @entity1 underwent baseline testing, including a @entity1030 assessment test, pulmonary function tests, and multidetector row computed tomography imaging. Percentage of low attenuation volume, percentage of wall area, and percentage of total cross-sectional area of pulmonary vessels less than 5 mm(2) (%CSA <5) were determined using multidetector row computed tomography. ACOS @entity1 were administered a fixed dose of @entity4184 / @entity6410 (160/4.5  g, two inhalations; twice daily) for 12 weeks, after which the ACOS @entity1 underwent multidetector row computed tomography to measure the same parameters. RESULTS: At baseline, the ACOS @entity1 and @entity1030 @entity1 had a similar degree of airflow limitation, vital capacity, and residual volume. ACOS @entity1 had higher @entity1030 assessment test scores, percentage of wall area, and %CSA <5 than @entity1030 @entity1 . Compared to baseline, @entity4184 / @entity6410 treatment significantly increased the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and decreased the degree of airway wall thickness (percentage of wall area) as well as pulmonary microvascular density (%CSA <5) in ACOS @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that ACOS is characterized by an airway lesion-dominant phenotype, in contrast to @entity1030 . Higher %CSA <5 might be a characteristic feature of ACOS.
