Interferons, Mx genes, and resistance to XXXX virus.

@entity1 @entity3007 @entity778 @entity19 @entity683 @entity281 @entity1467 @entity1200 @entity1729 @entity13434
@entity1 @entity683 is primarily an infection of the upper respiratory tract and central airways. The interferon (IFN) system appears to have a role in limiting viral spread and initiating recovery before the development of T-cell and B-cell responses in @entity281 . All cellular responses to IFNs result from interaction with cell surface receptors that trigger the expression of a number of cellular genes. Among the IFN-inducible gene products, the Mx proteins have attracted much attention because they have potential activity against @entity683 virus and possibly against other viruses. Mx proteins are @entity3007 ( @entity3007 )-binding proteins with intrinsic GTPase activity. They seem to act indirectly against viruses by modifying cellular functions needed along the viral replication pathway. In @entity19 the Mx1 protein has been shown to be necessary and sufficient to protect against @entity778 because the resistance does not require a functioning immune system. In @entity1 the @entity13434 protein has antiviral activities against @entity683 viruses. The @entity13434 protein is encoded on the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 21 together with several other proteins implicated in the IFN system. @entity1 with @entity1467 (trisomy 21) have an increased expression of @entity13434 protein, and their cells display an increased sensitivity to IFNs in vitro because of gene dosage effects. These @entity1 , however, are more susceptible to upper @entity1729 than normal individuals. This susceptibility has been related to @entity1200 . Therefore, induction of @entity13434 in @entity1 does not sem sufficient to prevent @entity683 spreading, and, in contrast to the @entity19 Mx system, a functioning immune system is necessary for protection.
