Hepatic stellate cells promote upregulation of XXXX and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in @entity96 cells.

@entity5960 @entity3308 @entity96 @entity5 @entity5962 @entity20107 @entity5959 @entity9294 @entity98 @entity2454 @entity2533 @entity157 @entity6076
Microenvironment plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and @entity3308 of cells in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity5960 ( @entity5960 ) is known as a @entity5 @entity3308 marker of @entity157 . To investigate the relationship between microenvironment and @entity3308 , we performed an in  vitro co-culture assay. Four @entity157 cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, @entity5959 and @entity9294 /PRF/5) were co-cultured with the TWNT-1 immortalized hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which create a microenvironment with @entity157 . Cell proliferation ability was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) and @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay, while migration ability was assessed by a wound healing assay. Expression of @entity5960 was analyzed by immunoblotting and FCM. @entity157 cell lines were co-cultured with TWNT-1 treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for @entity2533 and @entity20107 ; we then analyzed proliferation, migration ability and protein expression using the methods described above. Proliferation ability was unchanged in @entity157 cell lines co-cultured with TWNT-1. Migration ability was increased in @entity157 cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, @entity5959 and @entity9294 /PRF/5) directly (216.2  67.0, 61.0  22.0, 124.0  66.2 and 51.5  40.3%) and indirectly (102.5  22.0, 84.6  30.9, 86.1  25.7 and 73.9  29.7%) co-cultured with TWNT-1 compared with the @entity157 uni-culture. Immunoblot analysis revealed increased @entity5960 expression in the @entity157 cell lines co-cultured with TWNT-1. Flow cytometry revealed that the population of @entity5962 -/ @entity6076 + and @entity5960 -positive cells increased and accordingly, EMT and @entity3308 in the @entity157 cell line were activated. These results were similar in the directly and indirectly co-cultured samples, indicating that humoral factors were at play. Conversely, @entity157 cell lines co-cultured with siRNA  -treated TWNT-1 showed decreased migration ability, a decreased population of @entity5960 -positive and @entity5962 -/ @entity6076 + cells. Taken together, humoral factors secreted from TWNT-1 promote upregulation of @entity5960 and EMT in @entity96 cells.
