Vaginal ultrasound studies of XXXX mobility.

@entity1 @entity2507 @entity1494
OBJECTIVE: To introduce a simple, well-standardised vaginal ultrasound technique and to compare the position and mobility of the @entity1494 in continent and stress incontinent @entity1 using this technique. DESIGN: A single-centre prospective case-control study. SETTING: Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: One hundred and sixty @entity1 ; sixty randomly chosen @entity1 referred to our outpatient department who volunteered for the study to develop a standardised technique, fifty stress-incontinent @entity1 and fifty controls who volunteered for the study for comparison using the standardised technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardisation with regard to bladder volume, horizontal axis and Valsalva force. The position of the @entity1494 at rest, during straining and during squeezing. RESULTS: The probe we use does not alter @entity1494 mobility. A standardised bladder volume of 250 ml was used rather than maximum bladder capacity. A Foley catheter introduced into the bladder, with the balloon half-filled with soapy water and half with air gives an easily recognisable fluid level, which is parallel to the horizontal axis of the @entity1 . A standardised Valsalva force of 30 cm @entity2507 can exclude differences in @entity1494 mobility due to spontaneous and uncontrolled abdominal force. Measurements by two independently working investigators showed good conformity. The position of the @entity1494 in the stress incontinent @entity1 was significantly lower and significantly more posterior at rest, during straining and during squeezing. At the same time in stress incontinent @entity1 there was significantly more descent during straining and less elevation during squeezing. However, there was a considerable overlap between the two groups for all parameters. CONCLUSIONS: This standardised vaginal ultrasound technique is a feasible, acceptable and reproducible technique for the study of female @entity1494 mobility. The position and mobility of the @entity1494 is significantly different in stress incontinent @entity1 as compared to continent controls. The great overlap between the two groups still limits the clinical relevance.
