Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for infection stones: what is the risk for XXXX ? A retrospective cohort study.

@entity1 @entity295 @entity86 @entity1536
UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative course of @entity1 with positive stone culture (SC) to @entity1 with sterile SC, and to analyze the predictors for post percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) @entity295 ; and to describe the type and resistance patterns of bacteria responsible for post PCNL @entity295 . From a cohort of 206 consecutive @entity1 undergoing PCNL, we identified 45 @entity1 with a positive SC (group A) and compared them to @entity1 with a sterile SC (group B). Association between different groups was assessed using Chi square, two-tailed Student's t test and Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Twenty-three @entity1 had @entity86 and regression analysis was performed to identify clinical variables associated with @entity295 . Demographics, stone load and hospitalization time were similar in both groups. @entity86 developed in 31.1  % of @entity1 in group A compared to 5.9  % in group B. In multivariate analysis, only positive SC was an independent risk factor for @entity86 (OR 6.894, 95  % CI 2.31-20.59, P  =  0.001). All @entity1 responded well to treatment with no septic complications. Enterococci were the prevalent organism (29.4  %) in @entity1 with a positive SC. @entity1536 resistance was high in both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. @entity1 with an infected stone are at high risk to develop @entity86 despite standard preoperative antibiotic preparation. SC is important to direct further treatment as almost half of @entity1 with positive SC have a discordant or sterile urine culture. Determining the prevalent bacteria and resistance patterns in SC can aid the selection of empiric antibiotic therapy in high-risk @entity1 .
