Early human pregnancy serum cytokine levels predict XXXX in offspring.

@entity1 @entity1593 @entity4047 @entity1356 @entity310 @entity1198 @entity1199 @entity688 @entity792
It is generally believed that pregnancy is mediated by a Th2 response, which includes cytokines that promote placental growth and are involved in inducing tolerance to the foetus. If the balance between @entity1198 /and Th2-mediated cytokines is disrupted, systemic and local changes could predispose the foetus to future disease. Therefore, a shift in the @entity1198 /Th2 balance during pregnancy, possibly caused by underlying environmental factors, could be associated with post-partum @entity792 in the offspring. Based on this presumption, we used @entity1593 as a model to investigate whether @entity792 is triggered in the foetus during early pregnancy, observed as changes in the mother's cytokine profile. Ten cytokines were measured by electro-chemi-luminescent multiplex ELISA in serum samples obtained from mothers during early pregnancy. Cases included @entity1 with @entity1 who had developed verified @entity1593 before the age of 5, who were compared with other @entity1 as matched controls. We observed that 7 out of 10 cytokine levels were significantly increased in our case mothers when compared to controls. Five of these belonged to what is generally known as a @entity1198 -mediated response ( @entity310 , IFNy, @entity1199 , @entity1356 and IL-12) and two were Th2 cytokines ( @entity4047 and @entity688 ). However, the @entity688 cytokine is known to have features from both arms of the immune system. These results were confirmed in a logistic regression model where five out of the initial seven cytokines remained. This study suggests that increase in @entity1198 serum cytokines may be associated with @entity1593 in offspring.
