Management of @entity8 in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 .

@entity1 @entity8 @entity101 @entity6 @entity2316 @entity1144 @entity164 @entity454
PURPOSE: To review evidence-based management of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . DATA SOURCES: A literature search (MEDLINE 1966 to 2000) was performed using the key word " @entity2316 ". Relevant book chapters were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Well-controlled, prospective landmark studies and expert review articles on @entity2316 were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Data and conclusions from the selected articles that provide solid evidence to the optimal management of @entity2316 were extracted and interpreted in light of our clinical research experience with many thousands of Hong Kong Chinese @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity101 , long @entity6 duration, @entity1144 are the most important risk factors. Microalbuminuria is a practical marker to predict overt @entity8 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Risk factor modification, renal function monitoring and combined therapies are the current integrated approaches to manage @entity1 with @entity2316 . Optimal glycaemic control is the mainstay of treatment but effective antihypertensive therapy is also key to delaying the progression of @entity2316 . Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists have important renoprotective actions independent of their blood pressure lowering actions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2316 is the leading cause of @entity454 worldwide. Monitoring renal function and screening for microalbuminuria will allow the identification of @entity1 with @entity8 at a very early stage for intervention. Tight glycaemic control and aggressive antihypertensive treatment as well as the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors should substantially delay the progression of @entity8 .
