The clinical syndrome of primary XXXX associated with @entity3519 : a large clinical series and a review of the literature.

@entity1 @entity1775 @entity308 @entity1765 @entity71 @entity2915 @entity74 @entity3519 @entity3119 @entity4676 @entity20286
BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of @entity3519 as an idiopathic condition has only rarely been reported. We report a series of @entity1 with @entity1775 and persistent @entity3519 , with the aim of determining the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this syndrome. METHODS: Analysis of clinical database of @entity1 with @entity1765 . RESULTS: From our database of 224 @entity1 with @entity1775 , 20 had co-occurrence of @entity3519 as a @entity74 . Six @entity1 had @entity4676 , and 2 had idiopathic chronic motor/phonic @entity1775 . Twelve of the 20 had adult onset of @entity1775 (9 with motor/phonic @entity1775 and 3 with motor @entity1775 ). @entity3519 was focal in 12 @entity1 (cervical most common) and segmental in 8. A sensory geste was present in 8. Mean age of tic onset and @entity3519 was 28.3    19.7 and 40.5    15.3 years, respectively. Tics preceded @entity3519 in 12, @entity3519 preceded @entity1775 in 4, and 1 @entity1 had simultaneous onset of @entity3519 . In 3 @entity1 , symptoms' sequence could not be determined. Only 8 @entity1 required treatment for their @entity1775 . Botulinum toxin was the mainstay of @entity3519 treatment (16 @entity1 ), whereas 6 received @entity20286 . Six @entity1 each had @entity308 and @entity3119 , and 5 had @entity71 and @entity2915 . DISCUSSION: We have further characterized the syndrome of a primary condition of @entity1775 associated with persistent focal @entity3519 . Apart from the presence of @entity3519 , our data suggest that these @entity1 are differentiated from pure @entity1765 by a later age of onset, lesser severity of @entity1775 , and lower frequency of associated features.
