Proteomic analysis of lettuce seed germination and thermoinhibition by sampling of individual seeds at germination and removal of storage proteins by XXXX fractionation.

@entity2271 @entity12308 @entity13094 @entity12307 @entity1853 @entity12681 @entity5753 @entity3125 @entity968 @entity1786
Germination and thermoinhibition in lettuce ( @entity12681 'Jianyexianfeng No. 1') seeds were investigated by a proteomic comparison among dry seeds, germinated seeds at 15  C, at 15  C after imbibition at 25  C for 48 h, or at 25  C in KNO3 (all sampled individually at germination), and ungerminated seeds at 25  C, a thermoinhibitory temperature. Before two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis, storage proteins (greater than 50% of total extractable protein) were removed by @entity968 precipitation, which significantly improved the detection of less abundant proteins on two-dimensional gels. A total of 108 protein spots were identified to change more than 2-fold (P<0.05) in abundance in at least one germination treatment. Nineteen proteins increasing and one protein decreasing in abundance during germination had higher abundance in germinated 15  C, 15  C after imbibition at 25  C for 48 h, and 25  C in KNO3 seeds than in ungerminated 25  C seeds. Gene expression of 12 of those proteins correlated well with the protein accumulation. @entity1853 metabolism, @entity1786 production, lipid mobilization, cell elongation, and detoxification of @entity3125 were revealed to be potentially related to lettuce seed germination and thermoinhibition. Accumulation of three proteins and expression of five genes participating in the @entity12308 ( @entity13094 ) pathway of @entity12307 biosynthesis correlated positively with seed germinability. Inhibition of this pathway by @entity5753 delayed seed germination and increased the sensitivity of germination to @entity2271 . @entity13094 pathway-derived products, cytokinins, partially reversed the @entity5753 inhibition of germination and released seed thermoinhibition at 25  C. We conclude that the @entity13094 pathway for @entity12307 biosynthesis is involved in lettuce seed germination and thermoinhibition.
