[ XXXX -induced @entity1964 : pathogenesis, clinical course, epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis].

@entity1 @entity2176 @entity294 @entity8307 @entity281 @entity1964 @entity2718
@entity2718 -induced @entity1964 almost exclusively occurs associated with antibiotic exposure. The organisms produce several exotoxins of which toxins A (enterotoxin) and B (cytotoxin) are of primary importance. It is assumed that preceding antibiotic therapy creates an ecological niche allowing massive proliferation of the organisms and production of their toxins. The clinical course varies from mild @entity294 to severe @entity8307 . @entity1 over 40 years of age are primarily at risk, especially when suffering from severe underlying disease or abdominal surgery. The therapy includes discontinuation of the actual antibiotic treatment, substitution of fluid and electrolytes, and causal therapy with @entity2176 . In contrast to adult @entity1 25-60% of healthy @entity1 excrete @entity2718 and/or its toxins with their faeces. @entity281 by direct contact or contaminated tools and equipment is common in the hospital. The diagnosis includes: antibiotic history of the @entity1 , clinical diagnosis (endoscopy), isolation of the organisms and demonstration of toxin production, detection of @entity2718 toxins in the @entity1 's stool. For isolation and identification appropriate methods are available. Cell culture tests for toxin detection are reliable but require experienced personnel. Immunological methods (ELISA, latex agglutination test) have been described but are not yet commercially available.
