Gender effects on brain changes in early-onset XXXX .

@entity1 @entity2841 @entity716 @entity75
UNASSIGNED: Progressive loss of cortical gray matter (GM) and increase of @entity2841 have been reported in early-onset @entity716 (EOP). EOP typically begins during adolescence, a time when developmental brain trajectories differ by gender. This study aimed to determine gender differences in progression of brain changes in this population. A sample of 61 (21 females) adolescents with a first @entity716 and a matched sample of 70 (23 females) controls underwent both baseline and 2-year follow-up anatomical brain imaging assessments. Regional GM and @entity2841 volumes were obtained using automated methods based on the Talairach's proportional grid system. At baseline, only male @entity1 showed a clear pattern of alterations in the frontal lobe relative to controls (smaller GM and larger @entity2841 volumes). However, parallel longitudinal changes for male and female @entity1 relative to controls were observed, resulting in a common pattern of brain changes across both genders: rate of @entity75 was larger in male (-3.8  %) and female @entity1 (-4.2  %) than in controls (-0.7  % males; -0.4  % females). The reverse was found for the @entity2841 volume in the @entity75 . While the GM and @entity2841 volumes of females with EOP appear to be within the normal range at initial illness onset, our results point to a similar trajectory of increased/accelerated brain changes in both male and female @entity1 with EOP. The pattern of progression of brain changes in @entity716 appears to be independent of gender or structural alterations on appearance of @entity716 .
