Mesencephalic and associated posterior circulation XXXX .

@entity1 @entity4653 @entity227 @entity64 @entity455 @entity1269 @entity425 @entity2895 @entity7364 @entity2788 @entity1188 @entity5487 @entity1282 @entity717 @entity2055 @entity1662
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate and review the risk factors and clinical features of @entity1 with posterior circulation @entity64 involving mesencephalon and neighboring structures and to describe the clinical syndromes according to the mesencephalic arterial territory involved. METHODS: We studied all @entity1 with acute posterior circulation @entity64 involving mesencephalon who were admitted consecutively to our @entity64 unit over a 6-year period. We selected these @entity1 (3%) from 1296 @entity1 with posterior circulation @entity1188 . Neurological and radiological investigations, including MRI and angiography, were performed in all cases. We classified @entity1 into 4 groups on the basis of MRI findings: (1) isolated @entity1188 (9 @entity1 ); (2) distal @entity1188 (19 @entity1 ), including mesencephalon, thalamus, medial temporal and occipital lobes, and cerebellum; (3) middle @entity1188 (12 @entity1 ), including the pons and anterior @entity5487 territory; and (4) proximal @entity1188 (1 @entity1 ), including the medulla and posterior @entity5487 territory. RESULTS: Middle mesencephalon involvement was the most common in all groups, and the anteromedial territory was frequently affected, depending on the direct perforators of basilar artery. In @entity1 with isolated @entity1188 , the clinical picture was dominated by nuclear or @entity2895 and @entity717 . The distal territory involvement was the most common and associated with @entity1662 , gait ataxia, ocular motor disturbances, and @entity227 . The neurological picture of middle @entity1188 was dominated by @entity1662 with @entity4653 , @entity2788 , and @entity1269 . Proximal territory involvement was rare and associated with acute unsteadiness, vertigo, @entity1282 , @entity7364 , @entity2055 , and @entity425 . The most common cause of @entity64 was @entity455 in 16 @entity1 (39%), cardioembolism in 8 (20%), and @entity455 with lacunar @entity1188 in 10 (24%). @entity1188 were not uncommon (27%), mainly in @entity1 with multiple and extended @entity1188 in the posterior circulation, and were associated with poor outcome compared with unilateral @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the topographic and clinical heterogeneity of the acute posterior circulation @entity1188 involving mesencephalon. The variety of the underlying potential causes of @entity64 requires detailed investigations of the extra and intracranial arteries and the heart.
