Cryptorchidism and XXXX : separating fact from fiction.

@entity1 @entity5 @entity246 @entity189 @entity4797
PURPOSE: We dissected prevailing assumptions about @entity246 and reviewed data that support and reject these assumptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five questions about @entity246 and the risk of @entity5 were identified because of their implications in parent counseling and clinical management. Standard search techniques through MEDLINE were used to identify all relevant English language studies of the questions being examined. Each of the 5 questions was then examined in light of the existing data. RESULTS: The RR of @entity5 in a @entity246 case is 2.75 to 8. A RR of between 2 and 3 has been noted in @entity1 who undergo orchiopexy by ages 10 to 12 years. @entity1 who undergo orchiopexy after age 12 years or no orchiopexy are 2 to 6 times as likely to have @entity5 as those who undergo prepubertal orchiopexy. A contralateral, normally descended testis in a @entity1 with @entity246 carries no increased risk of @entity5 . Persistently cryptorchid (inguinal and abdominal) testes are at higher risk for @entity4797 (74%), while corrected cryptorchid or scrotal testicles that undergo malignant transformation are most likely to become nonseminomatous (63%, p <0.0001), presumably because of a decreased risk of @entity4797 . CONCLUSIONS: Orchiectomy may be considered in healthy @entity1 with @entity246 who are between ages 12 and 50 years. Observation should be recommended in postpubertal males at significant anesthetic risk and all males older than 50 years. While 5% to 15% of scrotal testicular remnants contain germinal tissue, only 1 case of @entity189 in situ has been reported, suggesting that the risk of @entity5 in these remnants is extremely low.
