Prevention of postoperative XXXX .

@entity1 @entity2656 @entity8 @entity935 @entity1483 @entity177 @entity810 @entity460
Postoperative @entity810 (PO-ARF) is a serious complication resulting in a prolonged stay and high mortality. @entity1 may be at risk for this problem because of an underlying medical illness, nature of surgery, nephrotoxin exposure, or combinations of these factors. An increase in the intra abdominal pressure above 20-mm Hg is associated with an increase in the incidence of PO-ARF. Based on many clinical studies in high-risk surgical @entity1 and @entity1 undergoing renal transplantation, the only proven management strategies for prevention of PO-ARF are adequate volume expansion and avoidance of hypovolaemia. Drugs known to be nephrotoxic should be avoided or used with caution. Three main pharmacological agents namely @entity2656 , @entity1483 and @entity935 have been extensively tried in the prevention of PO-ARF. @entity2656 has proven of value only in the presence of adequate volume expansion in attenuating @entity8 in transplant @entity1 . @entity1483 converts oliguric @entity177 to non-oliguric @entity177 . The bulk of the data, including that from prospective studies indicate @entity935 is only a diuretic. Fenoldopam, a @entity935 analogue, has shown early promise in reports. @entity460 channel blockers have not been shown to improve the outcome in renal transplantation or help in the prevention of contrast-induced @entity8 . Atrial natriuretic peptide has not been proven to be of benefit in established @entity177 and its role in prevention has not been assessed.
