Possible mechanisms for the initiation and maintenance of postprandial XXXX .

@entity1944 @entity1522 @entity26 @entity10056 @entity450 @entity2918 @entity112 @entity413 @entity1718 @entity3363
Postprandial @entity1944 is a locally mediated vascular response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen. In this review we discuss the role of various constituents of chyme in the development of the @entity450 and possible mechanisms of action. The luminal contents that produce the @entity450 are digested products of food; undigested food or pancreatic enzymes have no effect. Micellar @entity1718 are the most potent vasodilators, whereas @entity1522 at physiological concentrations have little effect on intestinal blood flow. However, by-products of protein digestion are as potent as those of @entity3363 in increasing the blood flow. Bile increases ileal but does not alter jejunal blood flow. In addition, bile enhances the @entity413 -induced @entity450 and renders fatty and @entity1522 vasoactive. The mechanisms by which bile exerts its effect on the vasoactivity of these nutrients are poorly understood. The intestinal hyperemic response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen is mediated by a variety of regulatory pathways that vary with the nutrient. Factors involved include tissue metabolic rate, metabolites, nutrient absorption, tissue osmolality, tissue @entity26 tension, intestinal peptides such as @entity10056 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and paracrine substances such as @entity2918 and @entity112 . It is likely that the @entity450 results from the complex interplay of all these factors on the intestinal vascular smooth muscle. Extrinsic and intrinsic nerves play a minor role in nutrient-induced @entity450 .
