Management strategies for idiopathic XXXX .

@entity6369 @entity1 @entity2650 @entity3833 @entity3832 @entity230 @entity850
INTRODUCTION: Williams and Mikhael (1971) described idiopathic @entity6369 (IU) as a self-limiting condition that affects @entity1 aged 5-15 years, with symptoms of urethrorrhagia, @entity3833 and haematuria. However, a proportion of @entity1 will remain symptomatic for several years, and may develop @entity3832 (Poch et  al., 2007; Palagiri et  al., 2003). There is no universally effective treatment for IU, although various strategies have been employed. OBJECTIVE: To review the presentation and long-term outcomes of @entity1 with IU, and present the efficacy of management strategies that have been utilised. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity1 with IU. It was based on clinical and cystoscopic findings for presentation, medical history, management and clinical progress. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 were included, with a median age of 11 years (range 5-15 years) at presentation. The median duration of symptoms was 18 months (range 2-132 months). The median follow-up was 18.5 months (range 1-120 months). Seven (13.0%) @entity1 had early @entity3832 at initial cystourethroscopy, and one (1.9%) developed stricture during follow-up. Thirty-six @entity1 (66.7%) had previous circumcision and four (7.4%) had @entity850 . Eight (14.8%) had @entity2650 repair. CONCLUSION: Whilst 50% of @entity1 with IU do not require any specific treatment, those with severe/unremitting symptoms may benefit from a trial of urethral @entity230 or short-term urethral catheterisation. The mechanisms of benefit from these modalities are unclear and they require further evaluation.
