Circulating pathogen associated molecular pattern - binding proteins and XXXX in nascent @entity209 : implications for cellular Toll-like receptor activity.

@entity1 @entity32 @entity5752 @entity518 @entity558 @entity6 @entity5750 @entity1356 @entity310 @entity2938 @entity209 @entity2939 @entity687
OBJECTIVE: The @entity209 , (MetS) a global epidemic, is a state of low grade chronic @entity32 and confers an increased risk for @entity6 and CVD. We have previously reported increased activity of the pathogen recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), @entity2938 and @entity2939 in MetS. We hypothesized that increased TLR activity in MetS is due in part to increased levels of circulating PAMP-binding proteins, soluble @entity5750 (sCD14), @entity5752 ( @entity5752 ) and the damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP), @entity518 ( @entity518 ). METHODS: We measured sCD14, @entity5752 and @entity518 in fasting plasma from nascent MetS (n  =  37) and healthy control subjects (n  =  32) by ELISA. We also investigated the effects of sCD14 and @entity5752 on @entity2939 activity in @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). RESULTS: Following adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference, sCD14, @entity5752 and @entity518 levels remained significantly increased in MetS. Also their levels increased with increasing numbers of MetS risk factors. Only sCD14 correlated significantly with monocyte @entity2939 protein and activity. None of these soluble biomarkers correlated with @entity2938 protein. Both sCD14 and @entity518 correlated significantly with HOMA-IR. In @entity558 primed HAECs, sCD14 compared to @entity5752 , resulted in a greater increase in both @entity2939 abundance and inflammatory biomediators (NF-kB, @entity1356 , @entity687 and @entity310 ). CONCLUSION: Thus, we make the novel observation that sCD14 reflects increased monocyte @entity2939 protein and activity in nascent MetS and by contributing to @entity32 could explain, in part, the increased risk for @entity6 and CVD.
