Is there any association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical XXXX in a poor Nigerian setting?

@entity5 @entity1 @entity7280 @entity75
BACKGROUND: The association between hormonal contraception and cervical @entity5 is controversial. These controversies may hamper the uptake of hormonal contraceptives. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a case-control study in which Pap-smear results of 156 @entity1 on hormonal contraceptives were compared with those of 156 @entity1 on no form of modern contraception. Modern contraception is defined as the use of such contraceptives as condoms, pills, injectables, intrauterine devices, implants, and female or male sterilization. Those found to have abnormal cervical smear cytology results were subjected further to colposcopy. Biopsy specimens for histology were collected from the @entity1 with @entity75 or those with suspicious lesions on colposcopy. The results were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics at a 95% level of confidence. RESULTS: A total of 71 (45.5%), 60 (38.5%), and 25 (16.0%) of the @entity1 on hormonal contraceptives were using @entity7280 , injectable contraceptives, and implants, respectively. Cervical @entity5 was significantly more common among @entity1 who were >= 35 years old (6% versus 1%, P<0.0001), rural dwellers (6% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), unmarried (7.6% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), unemployed (6.8% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), less educated (6% versus 3.8%, P<0.0001), and had high parity (6.8% versus 3.6%, P<0.0001). There was no statistical significant difference in cervical @entity5 between the two groups of @entity1 (7 [4.5%] versus 6 [3.8%], P=1.0). CONCLUSION: There was no association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical @entity5 in this study.
