Principles for targeted antibiotic use in urinary tract and @entity281 : a review with special emphasis on XXXX .

@entity1 @entity8 @entity295 @entity4258 @entity799 @entity294 @entity3403 @entity2348 @entity2177 @entity281 @entity52300 @entity869 @entity293
@entity293 ( @entity293 ) and @entity2348 are caused by the aerobic faecal flora. In @entity293 that flora is spread via the urethra to the urine and in some cases also to the @entity8 . Dissemination from urine to blood resulting in @entity295 may occur. Treatment of @entity293 should be given with antibiotics that cause minimal ecological disturbances in the faecal flora, i.e. emergence of resistance and selection of resistant species which may cause reinfections, should be avoided. If an antibiotic does not cause @entity294 , poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is to be preferred when @entity293 is treated since it will result in a reduction of the reservoir of bacteria capable of reinfecting the @entity1 post-treatment. In @entity281 , the aetiology is bacterial in about 60% of the cases. @entity281 is by far more common in the third world where it is a problem mainly in neonates, @entity1 and @entity1 but also for travellers. Antibiotic treatment of @entity294 with antibiotics like @entity3403 , @entity869 or @entity799 may cause rapid selection of resistant faecal Enterobacteriaceae, which in many cases are multiple resistant. This is also the case if antibiotics are used to prevent travellers' @entity294 . The @entity52300 offer a new approach to treatment of both @entity281 . Their wide antibacterial spectrum against aerobes and lack of activity against anaerobes is in this respect optimal. Moreover, some of them, e.g. @entity4258 and @entity2177 , are poorly absorbed and will markedly reduce the faecal aerobes without selecting other bacterial species. @entity4258 has a well proven efficacy in @entity293 but remains to be proven in @entity281 .
