Attitudes and Stereotypes in Lung Cancer versus XXXX .

@entity1 @entity2 @entity0
UNASSIGNED: Societal perceptions may factor into the high rates of nontreatment in @entity1 with @entity2 . To determine whether bias exists toward @entity2 , a study using the Implicit Association Test method of inferring subconscious attitudes and stereotypes from @entity1 reaction times to visual cues was initiated. @entity1 were primarily recruited from an online survey panel based on US census data. Explicit attitudes regarding lung and @entity0 were derived from @entity1 ' ratings (n = 1778) regarding what they thought @entity1 experienced in terms of guilt, shame, and hope (descriptive statements) and from @entity1 ' opinions regarding whether @entity1 ought to experience such feelings (normative statements). @entity1 ' responses to descriptive and normative statements about @entity2 were compared with responses to statements about @entity0 . Analyses of responses revealed that the @entity1 were more likely to agree with negative descriptive and normative statements about @entity2 than @entity0 (P<0.001). Furthermore, @entity1 had significantly stronger implicit negative associations with @entity2 compared with @entity0 ; mean response times in the @entity2 /negative conditions were significantly shorter than in the @entity2 /positive conditions (P<0.001). @entity1 , caregivers, healthcare providers, and members of the general public had comparable levels of negative implicit attitudes toward @entity2 . These results show that @entity2 was stigmatized by @entity1 , caregivers, healthcare professionals, and the general public. Further research is needed to investigate whether implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes affect @entity1 care.
