Bone marrow stromal cells promote skilled motor recovery and enhance contralesional axonal connections after ischemic stroke in adult XXXX .

@entity64 @entity4246 @entity19 @entity2500 @entity1391
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We tested the effect of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on neuronal remodeling of the corticospinal tract originating from the contralesional cortex in @entity19 subjected to unilateral pyramidotomy (PT) followed by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). METHODS: Adult @entity19 with transgenic yellow fluorescent protein labeling in the corticospinal tract were subjected to right hemispheric PT and right permanent or sham @entity2500 . One day later, the @entity19 were treated intravenously with BMSCs or @entity1391 -buffered saline. A Foot-Fault test and a single pellet-reaching test were performed before surgery, 3 days after @entity2500 , and weekly thereafter. @entity4246 -614-monomeric red fluorescent protein was injected into the left forelimb flexor muscles 28 days after surgery (4 days before euthanasia). The brain and cervical cord were processed for fluorescent microscopy to detect red fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein labeling, respectively. RESULTS: Significant functional improvements were evident in PT- @entity2500 @entity19 treated with BMSCs (n=9) compared with @entity1391 -buffered saline-treated @entity19 (n=9, P<0.05), but not in @entity19 with @entity2500 treated with either @entity1391 -buffered saline (n=9) or BMSCs (n=10). Furthermore, in PT- @entity2500 @entity19 , both corticospinal tract axonal density in the denervated side of the cervical gray matter and red fluorescent protein-labeled pyramidal neurons in the left intact cortex were significantly increased compared with @entity2500 @entity19 (P<0.05). BMSCs significantly enhanced both corticospinal tract density and red fluorescent protein labeling in PT- @entity2500 @entity19 (P<0.05) only. The behavioral outcome was highly correlated with corticospinal tract density and red fluorescent protein labeling. CONCLUSIONS: BMSCs amplify @entity64 -induced contralesional neuronal remodeling, which contributes to motor recovery after @entity64 .
