Cytokine manipulation of the immune response in the treatment of @entity1 XXXX .

@entity1 @entity137 @entity3052 @entity1778 @entity2132 @entity1199
@entity1778 cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus @entity1778 and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with @entity2132 . The cytokine used most extensively to date is @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted @entity137 . Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in @entity3052 remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. @entity1199 appears to be effective in @entity1 with low level marrow infiltration by @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) blast cells. It is less effective when @entity1 present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that @entity1199 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. @entity1199 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in @entity1 with @entity3052 is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.
