Molecular characterization of subcutaneous @entity3139 -like XXXX reveals upregulation of immunosuppression- and autoimmunity-associated genes.

@entity1 @entity3035 @entity32 @entity5737 @entity784 @entity1198 @entity372 @entity2935 @entity379 @entity403 @entity373 @entity3139 @entity371 @entity366 @entity9218
BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous @entity3139 -like @entity784 represent a rare and difficult to diagnose entity of @entity784 . SPTL affects predominantly young adults and presents with multifocal subcutaneous nodules and frequently associated autoimmune features. The pathogenesis of SPTL is not completely understood. METHODS: The aim of this study was to unravel molecular pathways critical to the SPTL pathogenesis. Therefore, we analyzed 23 skin samples from 20 newly diagnosed SPTL @entity1 and relevant control samples of adipose and non-malignant @entity3139 tissue by using gene expression microarray, quantitative PCR, and two-colour immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Interestingly, @entity3035 2,3-dioxygenase ( @entity9218 ), an immunotolerance-inducing enzyme, was among the most highly overexpressed genes in all comparisons. The expression of @entity1198 -specific cytokines, known to be associated with @entity32 (i.e. @entity379 , @entity366 , @entity373 , @entity371 , @entity372 , and @entity5737 ), were also significantly increased. Confirmed using immunohistochemistry, the morphologically malignant lymphocytes expressed @entity366 and @entity373 . @entity9218 expression was found both in some morphologically malignant lymphocytes rimming the adipocytes and in surrounding @entity2935 (-) CD68(-) cells but not in @entity2935 (+) dendritic cells in the microenvironment. The proportion of @entity403 + cells in SPTL exceeded that in the benign @entity3139 samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the up regulation of the tolerogenic @entity9218 together with the up regulation of @entity379 , @entity366 ligands, and @entity5737 are features of SPTL lesions. We anticipate that the @entity379 -inducible @entity9218 expression contributes to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, favorable for the malignant T cells. This study provides a relevant molecular basis for further studies exploring novel therapeutic means for subcutaneous @entity784 .
