Joint Mobilization and Stretching Exercise vs XXXX Injection in the Treatment of @entity3444 : A Randomized Controlled Study.

@entity1 @entity3444 @entity158 @entity479
BACKGROUND: This study compared the effectiveness of joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises (JM_Str) vs @entity479 injection (SI) in the treatment of @entity3444 ( @entity3444 ). METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 (mean age, 45.5    8.5 years; range, 30-60 years; 23 females) with @entity3444 were randomly assigned to receive either JM_Str (n = 22) or SIs (n = 21). JM_Str was applied 3 times per week for 3 weeks for a total of 9 visits. The SI group received 1 injection at baseline. The @entity1 ' functional scores were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and @entity158 was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Outcomes of interest were captured at baseline and at 3-week, 6-week, 12-week, and 1-year follow-ups. The primary aim was examined using a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons were performed to examine differences between the baseline and follow-up periods using Bonferroni equality at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Age, sex, body mass index, and dorsiflexion range of motion did not significantly impact @entity158 relief or functional outcome (P > .05) at the 3-, 6- or 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. Planned pairwise comparisons demonstrated significant improvements in @entity158 relief and functional outcomes in both groups (P < .05) at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. However, at the 12-week and 1-year follow-ups, @entity158 and functional outcomes were significantly improved in only the JM_Str group (P = .002). The overall group-by-time interaction was statistically significant for both FAAM (P = .001; F = 7.0) and VAS (P = .001; F = 8.3) scores. Between-group differences favored the SI group at the 3-week (P = .001, P = .001), 6-week (P = .002, P = .001), and 12-week (P = .008, P = .001) follow-ups for @entity158 relief and functional outcomes. However, no significant differences (P = .62, P = .57) were detected in the measured outcomes at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that while both groups achieved significant improvements at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups, the SI group exhibited better outcomes at all 3 time points. The noted improvements continued in only the JM_Str group for a period of time ranging from 12 weeks to 1 year. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, comparative study.
