Gender differences in XXXX use in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and Latin America.

@entity1 @entity286
This paper reviews historical, anthropological and contemporary survey data concerning gender differences in @entity286 use in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and Latin America. In many cultural groups in these regions, @entity286 use has been substantially more common among @entity1 than among @entity1 . In some groups, @entity286 use has been about equally common for both sexes. No evidence was found of any group in which @entity286 use has been substantially more common among @entity1 . The widespread pattern of greater @entity286 use by @entity1 appears to be linked to general features of sex roles. For example, @entity1 have often had greater social power than @entity1 , and this has been expressed in greater restrictions on @entity1 's behavior, including social prohibitions against @entity1 's smoking. These social prohibitions against @entity1 's smoking have strongly inhibited @entity1 's tobacco use and thus have been a major cause of gender differences in @entity286 use. Gender differences in @entity286 use have varied in magnitude, depending on the type of @entity286 use and the particular cultural group, age group and historical period considered. Causes of the variation in gender differences in @entity286 use include variation in @entity1 's status and variation in the social significance and benefits attributed to particular types of @entity286 use in different cultures. Contact with Western cultures appears to have increased or decreased gender differences in smoking, depending on the specific circumstances. The patterns of gender differences in @entity286 use in non-Western societies are similar in many ways to the patterns observed in Western societies, but there are several important differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
