Medial XXXX in @entity454 @entity1 is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins.

@entity1 @entity6 @entity730 @entity3151 @entity1096 @entity460 @entity729 @entity453 @entity454
BACKGROUND: In non- @entity454 @entity1 , recent studies have demonstrated that the process of @entity729 resembles developmental osteogenesis. @entity1 with @entity454 are known to have excessive @entity729 , but this has previously been attributed to the non-cell-mediated process of metastatic @entity730 . METHODS: To determine if the @entity730 observed in @entity1 with @entity454 is related to a cell-mediated process, we removed a piece of inferior epigastric artery at the time of renal transplant. @entity460 content of the entire vessel was quantified with spiral computed tomography (CT). The vessel was then examined histologically for @entity730 and the presence of bone matrix proteins by immunohistochemistry, and medial and intimal thickness quantified by histomorphometry. These findings were correlated with demographic, clinical and laboratory values. RESULTS: The proximal inferior epigastric artery was obtained from 41 @entity1 undergoing renal transplantation, but two were inadequate for histologic examination. Twenty-seven of the remaining vessels had no evidence of @entity730 by MacNeal's or Alizarin red pH 4.2 staining, five vessels had mild/moderate @entity730 , and seven had severe @entity730 , all in the medial layer. Calcification assessed histologically was closely correlated with @entity730 score as assessed by spiral CT, normalized for vessel weight (P=0.027). Positive immunostaining for the bone matrix proteins @entity1096 , type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase was strongly correlated with @entity730 (all P < or = 0.001), as was a history of @entity453 (P < 0.001), and @entity6 (P=0.034). The @entity730 score by spiral CT correlated with these same factors and the serum @entity3151 and @entity460 x @entity3151 product (P=0.032 and 0.037). The location of immunostaining for the bone proteins was strongly associated with the presence of @entity730 . However, positive immunostaining also was observed in association with disorganization of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the medial layer due to deposition of a matrix-like substance, prior to overt @entity730 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity454 undergoing renal transplantation, @entity729 of the medial layer of the inferior epigastric artery is common (44%), can be detected by spiral CT, and is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. This implies an active cell-mediated process, raising hope that directed intervention can arrest this process.
