Male gender adversely affects survival following surgery for XXXX .

@entity1 @entity5 @entity14
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that survival following surgery for @entity14 is better in @entity1 than @entity1 . However, the findings were inconsistent and few studies adjusted for case-mix. The aim of the present study was to establish whether there were gender differences in survival following surgery for @entity14 after adjusting for case-mix. METHODS: Some 3200 @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity14 between 1991 and 1994 in 11 hospitals in Scotland were included in the study. Five-year survival rates, and the corresponding hazard ratios, adjusted for age, mode of presentation, site of @entity5 , the nature of surgery and Dukes stage, were calculated for @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Overall survival at 5 years was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 , in those with @entity5 , those who underwent elective surgery and those who underwent apparently curative resection (all P < 0.001). Cancer-specific survival at 5 years was also higher in @entity1 (P = 0.008) and those who underwent elective surgery (P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios, for @entity1 relative to @entity1 following curative resection, were 0.76 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.68 to 0.85) (P < 0.001) for overall survival and 0.84 (95 per cent c.i. 0.73 to 0.98) (P = 0.021) for @entity5 -specific survival. CONCLUSION: Following apparently curative resection for @entity14 and after adjusting for case-mix, there was an excess of both @entity5 -related and intercurrent deaths in @entity1 .
