@entity43628 for preventing XXXX .

@entity1 @entity43628 @entity8 @entity793 @entity1906 @entity1332 @entity293
BACKGROUND: @entity1332 salts are often used for the prevention of @entity293 ( @entity293 ). OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of @entity1332 hippurate in preventing @entity293 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Published and unpublished randomised controlled trials were identified from the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents, reference lists of review articles and retrieved trials. The manufacturers' of @entity1332 salts were contacted for unpublished studies and contact was made with known investigators in the area. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials of @entity1332 hippurate used for the prevention of UTIs in all population groups were eligible for inclusion. A comparison with a control (no treatment) group was a prerequisite to selection. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers (BL and @entity1906 ) performed independent assessment and data extraction using a standardised format. Discrepancies, methodological and interpretative issues were discussed with JS or JC. An exploration of heterogeneity as well as a detailed description of results grouped by population was conducted. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. All trials were included in a descriptive analysis. Seven trials were included in meta-analyses. Four trials (199 @entity1 ) studied symptomatic @entity793 and six trials (341 @entity1 ) studied @entity793 as an outcome measure. Overall, trial quality was poor. The direction of six of the pooled trials was towards a favourable treatment effect from @entity1332 hippurate. Interpretation of the pooled estimates was not done in view of underlying heterogeneity. The study by Pettersson 1989 explained some, but not all, of the underlying heterogeneity. This study differed from all others by including @entity1 with known @entity8 . Adverse reactions were mentioned by 10 studies. The rate of adverse events was low. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to conclusively support the use of @entity1332 hippurate for urinary prophylaxis. An exploration of heterogeneity raises the (hypothesis generating) possibility that @entity43628 may have some efficacy in @entity1 without but not in @entity1 with known upper @entity8 (with asymptomatic @entity793 as the outcome measure). Due to the small sample size and methodological problems within the studies involved, interpretation of these data should be done cautiously. The rate of adverse events reported by the trials was low, which suggests that current usage is unlikely to be causing significant harm.
