Infections and risk of XXXX in childhood: a prospective nationwide cohort study.

@entity1 @entity1593 @entity1902 @entity281 @entity1729
OBJECTIVES: Studies on early life @entity281 and risk of @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) are inconsistent but have mostly been limited to retrospective designs, inpatient data, or insufficient statistical power. We aimed to test whether early life @entity281 are associated with increased risk of later @entity1593 using prospective population-based data. METHODS: This study, based on the Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort Study, includes prospective, repeated assessments of parent-reported infectious disease data up to 18 months of age for 72,921 @entity1 born between 2000 and 2009. @entity1593 was identified through parental questionnaires and the Norwegian @entity1 Registry. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios adjusted for @entity1 's age and sex (aOR). RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 8.5 years (range, 4.5-14.5), 581 @entity1 (0.8%) were diagnosed with @entity1593 . @entity1 with >= 10 @entity281 (>= fourth quartile) up to age 18 months had a significantly higher risk of later @entity1593 , as compared with @entity1 with  <=4 @entity281 ( <=first quartile; aOR=1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.65; per increase in infectious episodes, aOR=1.03; 95% CI=1.02-1.05). The aORs per increase in specific types of @entity281 were as follows: @entity1729 : 1.03 (95% CI=1.02-1.05); lower respiratory tract @entity281 : 1.12 (95% CI=1.01-1.23); and @entity1902 : 1.05 (95% CI=0.99-1.11). Additional adjustments for maternal @entity1593 , education level, smoking, birth weight, prematurity, @entity1 feeding practices, birth season, and antibiotic treatment yielded largely unchanged results. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first large-scale population-based cohort study of this association. Our results are in line with immunological data suggesting that early life @entity281 may have a role in @entity1593 development. However, non-causal explanations for this association due to surveillance bias and reverse causation cannot be excluded.
