Quantification of deficits in spatial visual function of XXXX models for @entity726 .

@entity227 @entity1538 @entity19 @entity726 @entity7840
PURPOSE: @entity7840 /2J @entity19 are a standard preclinical @entity726 model, which spontaneously developed mutations resulting in chronic age-related @entity1538 . The goals of this study were to identify the degree of @entity227 in @entity7840 /2J @entity19 before and after disease onset by quantifying the optokinetic reflex responses and to compare them to the less-researched strain of @entity7840 /2NHsd @entity19 . METHODS: Visual performance was measured in healthy, nonglaucomatous, and glaucomatous male @entity7840 /2NHsd or @entity7840 /2J @entity19 using a visuospatial testing box. The optokinetic reflex resulting in optomotor head tracking was manually detected. Measured threshold levels equate to the maximum contrast or spatial frequency the @entity19 responds to. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by applanation tonometry. RESULTS: IOP increased with age in both @entity7840 /2J and @entity7840 /2NHsd @entity19 and was not different between the two substrains. Both visual acuity and ability to detect contrast decreased significantly, and similarly with age in both substrains. However, @entity7840 /2NHsd had poorer visual acuity even at a younger age compared to age-matched @entity7840 /2J @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity7840 /2J and @entity7840 /2NHsd @entity19 show a progressive glaucomatous phenotype of age-related @entity227 and contrast sensitivity when compared to other inbred or outbred strains. Given the similar increases in IOP and contrast sensitivity threshold and loss of visual acuity between these two @entity7840 /2 substrains, we also conclude that @entity7840 /2NHsd @entity19 are a suitable alternative model for @entity1538 .
