Spatial economy and integrative labor in XXXX : an ecological, modernization, and world-system investigation.

@entity1 @entity2414 @entity233
Studies testing theories of urban primacy and foreign penetration in developing nations largely support the premise that these phenomena both prevail and negatively impact economic growth in developing nations. This paper, however, presents results of a study of @entity233 as an exception to patterns reflective of the world-system model and dependency theory found in ideal-typic developing nations. Theoretically, 1 or 2 major urban centers may distort and fragment the @entity2414 of a developing nation. These cities are able to politically and economically manipulate/regulate national policy in their self-interest, and leave nonprimate regions as fragmented local markets. As such, these cities impede the development of an integrated @entity2414 . From the birth of the Turkish nation-state in 1923, however, a strong central government has structured economic and political patterns to direct national control away from Istanbul-centric interest groups. Moreover, little support exists for the presence of foreign economic domination. The paper then examines to what extent the Turkish @entity2414 has become less distorted and fragmented. It subjects 1955-80 data to modernization theory and @entity1 ecology, and finds no support for ecological arguments linking integrative activity to system size or contact technology. Study results confirm the modernization argument about @entity2414 , with more modernized provinces showing proportionately higher levels of integrative activity. Finding implications are briefly discussed.
