Altered plasma adipokine levels and in vitro adipocyte differentiation in pediatric type 1 XXXX .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity6 @entity19 @entity2842 @entity1723 @entity1572 @entity413 @entity7609
CONTEXT: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is considered a proinflammatory condition. Adipose tissue involvement seems evident because adiponectin levels correlate with disease remission and administration of leptin suppresses the low-grade systemic @entity32 in @entity19 with @entity1723 . Whether adipose tissue involvement in @entity1723 already occurs at a young age is yet unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore the extent of adipokine alterations in pediatric @entity1723 and gain more insight into the mechanisms underlying the involvement of adipose tissue. DESIGN AND @entity1 : First, plasma adipokine profiling (24 adipokines) of 20 @entity1 with onset @entity1723 , 20 @entity1 with long-standing @entity1723 , and 17 healthy controls was performed using a recently developed and validated multiplex immunoassay. Second, the effects of @entity6 plasma factors on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation were studied in vitro. RESULTS: In @entity1 with onset and long-standing @entity1723 , plasma adipokine profiling showed increased levels of various adipokines acting at the crossroads of adipose tissue function and @entity32 , including @entity2842 / @entity2842 and the novel adipokines cathepsin S, @entity1572 , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, onset and long-standing @entity6 plasma significantly induced preadipocyte proliferation and adipocyte differentiation in vitro (P < 0.05). Two candidate plasma factors, @entity413 and the saturated fatty acid @entity7609 , did not affect proliferation or adipocyte differentiation in vitro but were found to increase @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) secretion by adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The adipogenic effects of @entity6 plasma in vitro and the altered adipokine levels in vivo suggest adipose tissue involvement in the low-grade @entity32 associated with @entity1723 , already in pediatric @entity1 .
