@entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling-induced @entity2332 on immature @entity1707 with XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1707 @entity63 @entity26 @entity1854 @entity1757 @entity299 @entity2332
The efficacy of systemic @entity2332 in combination with cardiopulmonary bypass for the repair of @entity299 is established. Surface cooling in @entity1 with @entity1757 as a prebypass adjunct has been associated with @entity63 . Surface cooling in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 results in increased systemic vascular resistance and unchanged pulmonary vascular resistance with increased left-to-right shunting and a maldistribution of blood flow away from the viscera and kidneys. This study was to determine whether @entity1854 ameliorates the deleterious effects of increased systemic vascular resistance during @entity2332 in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 . Nine neonatal @entity1707 (4 weeks, 4 kg) had experimental @entity1757 resulting in a 2.3 +/- 0.3: 1 shunt. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were determined by the flow probe and microsphere techniques. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow distributions were measured by the microsphere technique. Left-to-right shunt ratios were determined by oximetry, flow probe, and microsphere. The @entity1707 were cooled to 28 degrees C and measurements were made at 37 degrees, 32 degrees, and 28 degrees C. We found that @entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling by blocking the rise of systemic vascular resistance without significant changes in aortic pressure. As a result, the animals maintained control pulmonary-to-systemic flow levels and maintained control levels of @entity26 delivery while showing a decline in @entity26 consumption. Additionally, the vasodilatory effect allowed the animals to cool twice as fast as animals without @entity1854 . Regional blood flow distribution as percent cardiac output and absolute tissue flow were protected during surface cooling. This technique may have a role in cardiac operations on @entity1 with left-to-right shunts.
