Reducing the risk of coronary events: evidence from the Scandinavian XXXX Survival Study (4S).

@entity1 @entity3413 @entity583 @entity101 @entity951 @entity453 @entity204 @entity165
The Scandinavian @entity3413 Survival Study (4S) was designed to evaluate the effects of @entity165 reduction with @entity3413 on mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). A total of 4,444 @entity1 with @entity951 or previous @entity583 and serum @entity165 levels of 213-310 mg/dl (5.5-8.0 mmol/liter) while treated with a lipid-lowering diet were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with @entity3413 or placebo. Over the 5.4 years of median follow-up, @entity3413 produced changes in total @entity165 , low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , and high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 of -25%, -35%, and +8%, respectively, with minimal adverse effects. A total of 256 @entity1 (12%) in the placebo group died compared with 182 (8%) in the @entity3413 group, a risk reduction of 30% (p = 0.0003) attributable to a 42% reduction in the risk of @entity204 . Noncardiovascular causes accounted for 49 and 46 deaths in the placebo and @entity3413 groups, respectively. Major coronary events were experienced by 622 @entity1 (28%) in the placebo group and 431 @entity1 (19%) in the @entity3413 group, corresponding to a risk reduction of 34% (p < 0.00001). This risk was also significantly reduced in subgroups consisting of @entity1 and @entity1 of both sexes aged > or = 60 years. Other benefits of treatment included a 37% reduction (p < 0.00001) in the risk of undergoing myocardial revascularization procedures. @entity3413 was beneficial regardless of whether @entity1 had a history of @entity583 or whether they were smokers or had @entity101 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
