Lifestyle intervention can prevent XXXX during menopause: results from a 5-year randomized clinical trial.

@entity1 @entity353 @entity1017 @entity65 @entity165
CONTEXT: Menopausal-related @entity1017 and increased waist circumference have major cardiovascular health implications for older @entity1 . The efficacy of a dietary and physical activity lifestyle intervention to prevent @entity1017 and elevations in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors from the peri- to postmenopause is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To report the 54-month results of a lifestyle dietary and physical activity program on weight, body composition, physical activity, diet, and other @entity65 risk factors. DESIGN: Data are from a 5-year randomized clinical trial known as the @entity1 's Healthy Lifestyle Project, conducted from 1992 to 1999. @entity1 : 535 healthy, premenopausal @entity1 ages 44 to 50 at study entry enrolled into the trial. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to either a lifestyle intervention group receiving a 5-year behavioral dietary and physical activity program or to an assessment-only control group. The lifestyle intervention group was given modest @entity353 goals (5-15 lb, or approximately 2.3-6.8 kg) to prevent subsequent gain above baseline weight by the end of the trial. To achieve @entity353 and lower low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels, intervention @entity1 followed an eating pattern consisting of 1,300 kcal/day (25% total fat, 7% saturated fat, 100 mg of dietary @entity165 ) and increased their physical activity expenditure (1,000-1,500 kcal/week). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Regarding @entity1017 prevention, 55% (136/246) of intervention @entity1 were at or below baseline weight compared with 26% (68/261) of controls after 4.5 years, chi2(2, N = 507) =45.0, p <.001. The mean weight change in the intervention group was 0.1 kg below baseline (SD = 5.2 kg) compared with an average gain of 2.4 kg (SD = 4.9 kg) observed in the control group. Waist circumference also significantly decreased more in the intervention group compared with controls (M = -2.9 cm, SD = 5.3 vs. M = -0.5 cm, SD = 5.6, p <.001). Moreover, @entity1 in the lifestyle intervention group were consistently more physically active and reported eating fewer calories and less fat than controls. Long-term adherence to physical activity and a low-fat eating pattern was associated with better weight maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy @entity1 , @entity1017 and increased waist circumference during the peri- to postmenopause can be prevented with a long-term lifestyle dietary and physical activity intervention.
