Arterial ischemic strokes in @entity1 and XXXX : an overview of current approaches.

@entity1 @entity64 @entity455 @entity1333 @entity3458 @entity1503 @entity51 @entity887 @entity1188 @entity74 @entity299 @entity2333 @entity204 @entity385
@entity64 in @entity1 is increasingly recognized. The incidence exceeds 8 per 100,000 per year. Important differences in @entity64 in newborns and @entity1 compared with adults, as well as a paucity of clinical trials, create challenges in the diagnosis and management of pediatric @entity385 ( @entity385 ). The neurological presentation of @entity385 can be subtle. Radiographic diagnosis of acute @entity385 is also challenging because CT scan may be normal early on. Risk factors include vascular, intravascular, and @entity887 ; frequently, there are multiple risk factors in a given @entity1 , necessitating thorough investigations. More than 50% have a @entity455 including postvaricella @entity2333 , dissection, moyamoya, or @entity1333 . Intravascular mechanisms are frequently present, including dehydration. @entity1503 are also associated with @entity385 in @entity1 , and include @entity3458 and @entity74 . The latter have been identified in from one third to one half of @entity1 with @entity385 , are usually acquired, and frequently act in concert with other risk factors for @entity64 . The most common @entity887 source is @entity299 , which is present in 25% of @entity1 with @entity385 . Outcomes include @entity204 in 6% and @entity51 in two thirds of @entity1 . Given that no clinical trials have been completed in pediatric @entity64 to date, treatment is empiric. Initial neuroprotective strategies aim to reduce the size of the @entity1188 . For older children antithrombotic agents (antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants) are given to reduce the 20 to 30% risk of recurrence. There are coordinated research efforts currently being initiated, which over the next decade will result in clinical trials in this understudied condition.
