Sex differences in XXXX incidence: 20-year prospective cohort in South Africa.

@entity1 @entity28 @entity2973
BACKGROUND: Prospective data spanning childhood and adolescence are needed to better understand @entity28 incidence among @entity1 and to identify important periods for intervention. OBJECTIVE: To describe gender differences in @entity2973 and @entity28 from infancy to late adolescence in a South African cohort. METHODS: We analysed body mass index at 1-2 years, 4-8 years, 11-12 years, 13-15 years and 16-18 years among 1172 @entity1 in the South African Birth-to-Twenty cohort. RESULTS: Among @entity1 , @entity2973 and @entity28 prevalence declined from age 1-2 years to 16-18 years. Among @entity1 , @entity2973 and @entity28 prevalence increased from 4-8 years to 16-18 years. Obesity incidence was highest from 4-8 years to 11-12 years in @entity1 (6.8 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years) and from 11-12 years to 13-15 years in @entity1 (11.2 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years). Among @entity1 , @entity28 at 16-18 years was associated with @entity2973 (odds ratio [OR]   =   3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-7.2) or @entity28 (OR   =   8.0; 95% CI 3.7-17.6) at 1-2 years and @entity2973 (OR   =   6.8; 95% CI 3.3-13.9) or @entity28 (OR   =   42.3; 95% CI 15.0-118.8) at 4-8 years; for @entity1 , @entity28 at 16-18 years was associated with @entity2973 at 1-2 years (OR   =   5.6; 95% CI 1.7-18.0) and @entity28 at 4-8 years (OR   =   19.7; 95% CI 5.1-75.9). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 , @entity2973 and @entity28 increased throughout childhood. Overweight and @entity28 were not widely prevalent among @entity1 . Early childhood and post-puberty may be important periods for intervention among @entity1 .
