XXXX -containing nanoparticles: biomedical patents review.

@entity575 @entity5 @entity16820 @entity15583 @entity505 @entity3151 @entity65
UNASSIGNED: Introduction: The beginning of the nano-era started with the appearance of artificial nanosized supramolecular systems called nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs). Areas covered: In the present review, we have analyzed the patents on @entity3151 -based nanomaterials ( @entity16820 , quantum dots [QDs], @entity15583 , liposomes, dendrimers, gold and @entity575 NPs) in biology and medicine. Their impact in treatment of @entity5 and @entity65 is discussed. Expert opinion: Liposomes and dendrimers had the highest number of biomedical patents. The third candidates were QDs and the fourth and fifth were gold and @entity575 NPs. @entity16820 and @entity505 nanotubes have the fewest applications in biology and medicine. Thus, our first conclusion was about the 'unifying nanotoxicology paradigm', that 'soft' NPs are significantly more biocompatible than 'hard' NPs. There has been a trend of these nanomaterials being applied in medicine drug and gene delivery, visualization of cells and pathologic processes, using them as antivirals and antimicrobials, contrast agents, antioxidants and photosensitizers. It was unexpected that no patents were found in which @entity3151 NPs were used in 3D printing of bones and other biological tissues. The conclusion reached is that nanomaterials are promising tools in future medical applications.
