Pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic characteristics of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity843 @entity5641 @entity880 @entity67 @entity99
BACKGROUND: There are limited published data defining complete pleural fluid analysis, echocardiographic characteristics, or the presence or absence of @entity843 on sonographic or CT imaging in @entity1 with @entity99 . METHODS: We reviewed pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic findings in 41 consecutive @entity1 with @entity99 referred to the Pleural Procedure Service for thoracentesis. RESULTS: Ascites was detected on sonographic or CT imaging in 38 of 39 @entity1 (97%). @entity67 was found in 11 of 21 @entity1 (52%). Contrast echocardiography with agitated saline demonstrated an intrapulmonary shunt in 18 of 23 cases (78%). Solitary @entity99 had a median pleural fluid pH of 7.49 (fifth to 95th percentile, 7.40-7.57), total protein level of 1.5 g/dL (0.58-2.34), and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) level of 65 IU/L (36-138). The median pleural fluid/serum protein ratio and pleural LDH/upper limit of normal serum LDH ratio were 0.25 (0.10-0.43) and 0.27 (0.14-0.57), respectively. The median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 26 cells/ L (1-230). Only a single @entity1 had a protein discordant exudate despite 83% of @entity1 receiving diuretics. When comparing solitary @entity99 and spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 , there was no statistically significant difference among pleural fluid total protein (P = .99), LDH (P = .33), and serum albumin (P = .47). ANC was higher in @entity1 with spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic hydrothorax virtually always presents with @entity843 that is detectable on sonographic or CT imaging. The development of an "exudate" from diuretic therapy is a rare phenomenon in @entity99 . In contrast, @entity67 and intrapulmonary shunting are common in @entity1 with @entity99 . There was no statistically significant change in pleural fluid parameters with spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 , except an increased ANC.
