XXXX : clinical and psychological aspects of 250 cases.

@entity1 @entity146 @entity16 @entity71 @entity2915 @entity74 @entity4207 @entity3119 @entity4676
@entity4676 is a common @entity74 consisting of multiple tics and vocal noises. We summarize here clinical aspects of 250 consecutive cases seen over a period of 3 years. The sex ratio was four males to one female, and the mean age of onset was 6.9 years. Only 10% were Jewish, indicating that it is not more prevalent in Ashkenazi Jews. Only 33% had compulsive swearing (coprolalia), indicating that this is not necessary for the diagnosis. The most frequent initial symptoms were rapid eye-blinking, facial grimacing, and throat-clearing. In this series, it was clear that @entity4676 is a @entity146 as well as a @entity16 . Significant discipline problems and/or problems with anger and violence occurred in 61%, and 54% had @entity71 with @entity2915 . Some degree of exhibitionism was present in 15.9% of males and 6.1% of females. @entity3119 was seen in 32%. Other than tics and vocal noises, the most common parental complaints were of short temper and everything being a confrontation. There were no significant clinical differences between familial and sporadic cases. Whenever a @entity1 presents with a @entity4207 , @entity71 , or significant discipline or emotional problems, the parents should be questioned about the presence of tics or vocal noises in the @entity1 and other family members.
