Activation of XXXX Stem/Progenitor Cells Promotes Immunosuppression Within the Pre-metastatic Niche.

@entity1 @entity17775 @entity5 @entity19 @entity1583 @entity3 @entity3804
UNASSIGNED: @entity3 have been shown to establish microenvironments in distant tissues that are permissive to disseminated @entity5 cells. @entity1583 cells contribute to this microenvironment, yet the precise initiating events responsible for establishing the pre-metastatic niche remain unclear. Here, we tracked the developmental fate of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . We show that a distant @entity5 drives the expansion of HSPCs within the bone marrow and their mobilization to the bloodstream. Treatment of purified HSPCs cultured ex vivo with @entity5 -conditioned media induced their proliferation as well as their differentiation into immunosuppressive myeloid cells. We furthered tracked purified HSPCs in vivo and found they differentiated into myeloid-derived suppressor cells in early metastatic sites of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The number of @entity3804 (+) @entity17775 (+) cells in metastatic sites was significantly increased by HSPC mobilization and decreased if @entity5 -mediated mobilization was inhibited. Moreover, pharmacologic mobilization of HSPCs increased metastasis, whereas depletion of Gr1(+) cells abrogated the metastasis-promoting effects of HSPC mobilization. Finally, we detected elevated levels of HSPCs in the circulation of newly diagnosed @entity5 @entity1 , which correlated with increased risk for metastatic progression. Taken together, our results highlight bone marrow activation as one of the earliest steps of the metastatic process and identify circulating HSPCs as potential clinical indicators of metastatic niche formation. @entity5 Res; 76(6); 1-13.   2015 AACR.
