Effects of pulsatile secretion of @entity2124 ( XXXX ) on fat deposition in @entity1 @entity2124 transgenic @entity35 .

@entity1 @entity844 @entity28 @entity7298 @entity11249 @entity2124 @entity392 @entity35 @entity413
@entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) is an endocrine regulator of @entity413 and lipid metabolism as well as body growth. @entity11249 levels are decreased and a unique pulsatile secretory pattern becomes obvious after puberty particularly in males. Coincidentally with this, males tend to deposit body fat. Experimental and clinical evidence has accumulated that @entity28 is associated with a decrease in @entity11249 levels. A strain of transgenic @entity35 has been generated with severe @entity28 but normal nose-to-tail length, which has low circulating @entity11249 levels without @entity392 ( @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) transgenic @entity35 ). The present review mainly focuses on recent and current work analysing the relationship between the occurrence of @entity28 and low @entity11249 levels and/or the absence of @entity11249 @entity392 in this transgenic animal model. This model has elevated blood @entity413 , non-esterified @entity844 , insulin and leptin levels associated with @entity7298 , suggesting that these @entity35 also carry insulin- and leptin-resistant characteristics. hGH transgenic @entity35 were subjected to a pair-feeding treatment to normalize food intake and chronic @entity11249 replacement to normalize @entity11249 levels. While the pair-feeding for 8 weeks successfully suppressed body-weight gain, the fat pad : body weight ratio remained very similar to freely-eating control hGH transgenic @entity35 , which indicates the @entity7298 is not the sole contributor to the excess fat accumulation in this model. However, continuous elevation of peripheral hGH levels (approximately 2-fold) for 8 weeks by means of a slow-release vehicle resulted in a significant decrease in the fat mass : body weight ratios by 30 %. This @entity11249 treatment altered neither food intake nor body-weight gain. Thus, two characteristic phenotypes observed in the hGH transgenic @entity35 , @entity7298 and @entity28 , seem to be closely related to @entity11249 levels and @entity11249 secretory pattern. This relationship might be working in the regulation of changes in seasonal body composition in wild animals.
