Racial and Ethnic Variations in Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Results From the XXXX 's Health Initiative.

@entity1 @entity7864 @entity2 @entity460 @entity285 @entity204 @entity560
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in @entity2 incidence and mortality in the @entity1 's Health Initiative Study, a longitudinal prospective cohort evaluation of postmenopausal @entity1 recruited from 40 clinical centers. METHODS: @entity2 diagnoses were centrally adjudicated by pathology review. Baseline survey questionnaires collected sociodemographic and health information. Logistic regression models estimated incidence and mortality odds by race/ethnicity adjusted for age, education, @entity460 / @entity560 , body mass index, smoking (status, age at start, duration, and pack-years), @entity285 , family history, oral contraceptive, hormones, physical activity, and diet. RESULTS: The cohort included 129,951 @entity1 -108,487 (83%) non-Hispanic white (NHW); 10,892 (8%) @entity7864 ( @entity7864 ); 4,882 (4%) Hispanic; 3,696 (3%) Asian/Pacific Islander (API); 534 (< 1%) American Indian/Alaskan Native; and 1,994 (1%) other. In unadjusted models, Hispanics had 66% lower odds of @entity2 compared with NHW (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.5), followed by API (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.75) and @entity7864 (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.95). In fully adjusted multivariable models, the @entity2 risk for Hispanic compared with NHW @entity1 attenuated to the null (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.99). In unadjusted models Hispanic and API @entity1 had decreased risk of @entity204 compared with NHW @entity1 (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.62] and 0.34 [95% CI, 0.16 to 0.75, respectively); however, no racial/ethnic differences were found in risk of @entity2 @entity204 in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSION: Differences in @entity2 incidence and mortality are associated with sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. These findings suggest modifiable exposures and behaviors may contribute to differences in incidence of and mortality by race/ethnicity for postmenopausal @entity1 . Interventions focused on these factors may reduce racial/ethnic differences in @entity2 incidence and mortality.
