Systematic review: the role of the gut microbiota in chemotherapy- or radiation-induced XXXX - current evidence and potential clinical applications.

@entity1 @entity32 @entity5 @entity1066 @entity33 @entity294 @entity344 @entity582 @entity2259
BACKGROUND: @entity344 is @entity32 and/or @entity1066 of the gastrointestinal tract occurring as a complication of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and affects about 50% of all @entity5 @entity1 . AIM: To assess the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of @entity344 and the potential for manipulations of the microbiota to prevent and to treat @entity33 . METHODS: Search of the literature published in English using Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane Library, with main search terms 'intestinal microbiota', ' @entity2259 ', ' @entity33 ', 'chemotherapy-induced @entity294 ', 'chemotherapy-induced @entity33 ', 'radiotherapy-induced @entity33 '. RESULTS: The gut microbiota plays a major role in the maintenance of intestinal homoeostasis and integrity. @entity1 receiving cytotoxic and radiation therapy exhibit marked changes in intestinal microbiota, with most frequently, decrease in Bifidobacterium, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and increase in Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides. These modifications may contribute to the development of @entity33 , particularly @entity294 and @entity582 . The prevention of @entity5 therapy-induced @entity33 by probiotics has been investigated in randomised clinical trials with some promising results. Three of six trials reported a significantly decreased incidence of @entity294 . One trial reported a decrease in infectious complications. CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiota may play a major role in the pathogenesis of @entity33 through the modification of intestinal barrier function, innate immunity and intestinal repair mechanisms. Better knowledge of these effects may lead to new therapeutic approaches and to the identification of predictive markers of @entity33 .
