Multiple anthelmintic resistance and the possible contributory factors in Beetal XXXX in an irrigated area (Pakistan).

@entity3070 @entity24651 @entity2199 @entity7305 @entity13486 @entity5167 @entity1237
This paper presents the first report of multiple anthelmintic resistance in the gastrointestinal @entity2199 of @entity1237 and its possible contributory factors in an irrigated area (Pakistan). A total of 18 privately owned Beetal @entity1237 flocks were selected in order to determine the anthelmintic resistance against commonly used anthelmintics. Forty to 48 animals from each flock were selected according to their weight and egg count. The three anthelmintics viz., @entity13486 , @entity7305 and @entity3070 , were given to three groups at manufacturer's recommended dose while one group was kept as untreated control. Anthelmintic resistance was determined through faecal egg count reduction and egg hatch tests while assessment of the contributory factors of anthelmintic resistance was measured through the rural participatory approach. Faecal egg count reduction test revealed high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (83.3%) and it was either single ( @entity7305 ) or multiple ( @entity13486 and @entity7305 ). Egg hatch test confirmed the resistance against @entity13486 as detected with faecal egg count reduction test. None of the @entity1237 flocks was resistant to ivermectin. Copro-cultures revealed that @entity5167 , Trichostrongylus colubriformis and @entity24651 were the most common species exhibiting resistance to @entity7305 and @entity13486 . Step-wise logistic regression of the data on worm control practices revealed significant role of under-dosing, low-protein diets, healthcare supervision by the traditional healers and mass treatments.
