Direct Causal Networks for the Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Focal XXXX .

@entity1 @entity9808 @entity410 @entity302
BACKGROUND: @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) can have inhibitory effects on @entity302 ( @entity302 ) of @entity1 with focal @entity410 . However, the brain connectivity before, during and after @entity302 , with or without the administration of @entity9808 , has not been extensively explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the brain network of effective connectivity during ED with and without @entity9808 in @entity1 with focal @entity410 . METHODS: For the effective connectivity a direct causality measure is applied termed partial mutual information from mixed embedding (PMIME). @entity9808 -EEG data from two @entity1 with focal @entity410 were analyzed. Each EEG record contained a number of @entity302 in the majority of which @entity9808 was administered over the @entity302 focus. As a control condition, sham stimulation over the epileptogenic zone or real @entity9808 at a distance from the @entity302 focus was also performed. The change in brain connectivity structure was investigated from the causal networks formed at each sliding window. CONCLUSION: The PMIME could detect distinct changes in the network structure before, within, and after ED. The administration of real @entity9808 over the @entity302 focus, in contrast to sham stimulation, terminated the ED prematurely in a node-specific manner and regained the network structure as if it would have terminated spontaneously.
