Tissue-specific transcriptomics and proteomics of a filarial XXXX and its Wolbachia endosymbiont.

@entity1 @entity1944 @entity135 @entity2199 @entity3930 @entity235 @entity5476 @entity10552 @entity5475
BACKGROUND: Filarial @entity2199 cause debilitating @entity1 diseases. While treatable, recent evidence suggests drug resistance is developing, necessitating the development of novel targets and new treatment options. Although transcriptomic and proteomic studies around the @entity2199 life cycle have greatly enhanced our knowledge, whole organism approaches have not provided spatial resolution of gene expression, which can be gained by examining individual tissues. Generally, due to their small size, tissue dissection of @entity1 -infecting filarial @entity2199 remains extremely challenging. However, @entity235 @entity5476 is caused by a closely related and much larger filarial @entity2199 , @entity5475 . As with many other filarial @entity2199 , @entity5475 contains Wolbachia, an obligate bacterial endosymbiont present in the hypodermis and developing oocytes within the uterus. Here, we describe the first concurrent tissue-specific transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of a filarial @entity2199 ( @entity5475 ) and its Wolbachia (wDi) in order to better understand tissue functions and identify tissue-specific antigens that may be used for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. METHODS: Adult @entity5475 worms were dissected into female body wall (FBW), female uterus (FU), @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ), @entity135 ( @entity135 ), male body wall (MBW), male testis (MT), @entity10552 ( @entity10552 ), @entity3930 ( @entity3930 ) and 10.1186/s12864-015-2083-2 male spicule (MS) and used to prepare transcriptomic and proteomic libraries. RESULTS: Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of several @entity5475 tissues identified many biological functions enriched within certain tissues. Hierarchical clustering of the @entity5475 tissue transcriptomes, along with the recently published whole-worm adult male and female @entity5475 transcriptomes, revealed that the whole-worm transcriptome is typically dominated by transcripts originating from reproductive tissue. The uterus appeared to have the most variable transcriptome, possibly due to age. Although many functions are shared between the reproductive tissues, the most significant differences in gene expression were observed between the uterus and testis. Interestingly, wDi gene expression in the male and female body wall is fairly similar, yet slightly different to that of Wolbachia gene expression in the uterus. Proteomic methods verified 32 % of the predicted @entity5475 proteome, including over 700 hypothetical proteins of @entity5475 . Of note, hypothetical proteins were among some of the most abundant Wolbachia proteins identified, which may fulfill some important yet still uncharacterized biological function. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial resolution gained from this parallel transcriptomic and proteomic analysis adds to our understanding of filarial biology and serves as a resource with which to develop future therapeutic strategies against filarial @entity2199 and their Wolbachia endosymbionts.
