Ability of self-reported estimates of dietary sodium, potassium and protein to detect an association with general and XXXX : comparison with the estimates derived from 24  h urinary excretion.

@entity1 @entity3529 @entity4024 @entity28 @entity1144
As under-reporting of dietary intake, particularly by overweight and @entity28 subjects, is common in dietary surveys, biases inherent in the use of self-reported dietary information may distort true diet- @entity28 relationships or even create spurious ones. However, empirical evidence of this possibility is limited. The present cross-sectional study compared the relationships of 24 h urine-derived and self-reported intakes of @entity4024 , @entity3529 and protein with @entity28 . A total of 1043 Japanese @entity1 aged 18-22 years completed a 24 h urine collection and a self-administered diet history questionnaire. After adjustment for potential confounders, 24 h urine-derived @entity4024 intake was associated with a higher risk of general @entity28 (BMI>= 25 kg/m2) and @entity1144 (waist circumference>= 80 cm; both P for trend=0  04). For 24 h urine-derived protein intake, positive associations with general and @entity1144 were observed (P for trend=0  02 and 0  053, respectively). For 24 h urine-derived K intake, there was an inverse association with @entity1144 (P for trend=0  01). Conversely, when self-reported dietary information was used, only inverse associations between K intake and general and @entity1144 were observed (P for trend=0  04 and 0  02, respectively), with no associations of @entity4024 or protein intake. In conclusion, we found positive associations of @entity4024 and protein intakes and inverse associations of K intake with @entity28 when using 24 h urinary excretion for estimating dietary intakes. However, no association was observed based on using self-reported dietary intakes, except for inverse association of K intake, suggesting that the ability of self-reported dietary information using the diet history questionnaire for investigating diet- @entity28 relationships is limited.
