NopC Is a Rhizobium-Specific Type 3 Secretion System Effector Secreted by XXXX ( @entity34923 HH103.

@entity1568 @entity1920 @entity281 @entity34923 @entity1460 @entity73271 @entity3096 @entity11314
UNASSIGNED: @entity34923 ( @entity34923 HH103 is a broad host-range @entity1568 -fixing bacterium able to nodulate many legumes, including @entity1460 . In several rhizobia, root nodulation is influenced by proteins secreted through the type 3 secretion system (T3SS). This specialized secretion apparatus is a common virulence mechanism of many plant and animal pathogenic bacteria that delivers proteins, called effectors, directly into the eukaryotic host cells where they interfere with signal transduction pathways and promote @entity281 by suppressing host defenses. In rhizobia, secreted proteins, called nodulation outer proteins (Nops), are involved in host-range determination and symbiotic efficiency. @entity73271 secretes at least eight Nops through the T3SS. Interestingly, there are Rhizobium-specific Nops, such as NopC, which do not have homologues in pathogenic bacteria. In this work we studied the @entity73271 nopC gene and confirmed that its expression was regulated in a @entity3096 -, NodD1- and TtsI-dependent manner. Besides, in vivo bioluminescent studies indicated that the @entity73271 T3SS was expressed in young @entity1460 nodules and @entity1920 cyclase assays confirmed that NopC was delivered directly into @entity1460 root cells by means of the T3SS machinery. Finally, nodulation assays showed that NopC exerted a positive effect on symbiosis with @entity1460 cv. Williams 82 and @entity11314 . All these results indicate that NopC can be considered a Rhizobium-specific effector secreted by @entity73271 .
