Gender differences in post- XXXX @entity1184 in end-stage failing hearts.

@entity1 @entity296 @entity712 @entity63 @entity1184 @entity1188
OBJECTIVES: We explored whether there are gender differences in cardiac remodeling and whether etiology influences organ and cellular remodeling in advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a survival benefit for @entity1 compared to @entity1 with symptomatic @entity712 . This observation may be related to gender differences in cardiac remodeling. METHODS: We studied hearts from 100 @entity1 (72 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 ) receiving cardiac transplantation at our institution. Cardiac morphology was assessed with echocardiography and direct measurement of cardiac mass. Cardiac myocyte volume, length, width, cross-sectional area, and contraction were measured using previously validated techniques. RESULTS: Among 50 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ), we observed no gender-based differences in cardiac or cellular remodeling. In contrast, among 50 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ), the heart weight index was significantly greater in @entity1 , and there was a strong trend toward an increased left ventricular (LV) mass index as well. These gender differences in cardiac and LV mass were paralleled by marked gender differences in myocyte volume, such that average myocyte volume was 36% greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 , in association with a 14% increase in resting cell length. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate a multilevel gender difference in post- @entity1188 remodeling, with @entity1 exhibiting @entity1184 . Our studies further demonstrate that gender differences in cardiac remodeling in @entity296 are largely related to fundamental differences in cellular remodeling rather than simply differences in @entity1188 size or expansion. Distinctions observed between @entity63 and idiopathic @entity296 suggest that gender may influence local myocardial responses to injury.
