Flaxseed but not flaxseed oil prevented the rise in serum XXXX due to ovariectomy in the Golden @entity329 .

@entity15531 @entity412 @entity6741 @entity329 @entity165
This study was designed to investigate whether flaxseed oil (FO) exerts hypocholesterolemic effects similar to ground @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) and to gain insight into its hypocholesterolemic mechanism. Forty-eight 6-month-old female Golden @entity329 were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx) and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (n   =   12/group) for 90 days: Sham, Ovx, Ovx+ @entity15531 , or Ovx+FO. Hamsters in the Sham and Ovx groups were fed a semipurified diet (control), whereas Ovx+ @entity15531 and Ovx+FO received the same basic diet supplemented with either @entity15531 (15% wt/wt) or FO (amount equivalent to the oil contribution of @entity15531 ). Ovariectomy significantly (P   <   .05) increased serum total concentrations by approximately 15%. @entity15531 , but not FO, prevented (P   <   .05) the ovariectomy-induced increase in serum total @entity165 concentration (12% and 4% reduction by @entity15531 and FO, respectively). Hamsters fed FO or @entity15531 had high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 concentrations similar to those of the Ovx hamsters receiving the control diet. Non-HDL- @entity165 concentrations were lowest in the @entity15531 group, albeit not statistically different from the other treatment groups. There were no significant differences among groups in serum @entity412 concentration and liver lipids. Both @entity15531 and FO more than doubled the hepatic protein levels of 7a-hydroxylase in comparison to the Ovx hamsters receiving the control diet (P   <   .05). Our findings suggest that increased @entity6741 synthesis is one of the major @entity165 -lowering mechanisms of flaxseed and that other flaxseed components, aside from its oil, contribute to its hypocholesterolemic property. The @entity165 -lowering effects of other components of flaxseed and their mechanisms of action need to be further explored.
