Risk factors for deliberate self-harm in XXXX presenting to the emergency departments of Karachi.

@entity1 @entity146 @entity14062 @entity2613 @entity221
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) in @entity1 presenting to the Emergency Departments (EDs) of three tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN: Multicentre matched case control study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: EDs of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Civil Hospital, Karachi and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from March 2011 to February 2012. METHODOLOGY: A total of 201 cases and 201 matched controls were taken from three hospitals situated in Karachi. All @entity1 of 16 years and above presenting to the EDs of the hospitals with @entity14062 attempt were invited to participate in the study. Controls were @entity2613 @entity1 with complaints other than @entity14062 . A control was matched with case for hospital, gender and age. Two questionnaires were used to collect information on the risk factors of @entity14062 . Conditional Logistic Regression (CLR) was used to assess the association of various risk factors with @entity14062 . RESULTS: Risk factors of @entity14062 in Karachi included current history of @entity146 (OR = 4.53, 95% CI = 1.59 - 12.92), not sharing problems with someone (OR = 4.67, 95% CI = 2.4 - 9.0), living in rented houses (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.37 - 4.84), Pathan ethnicity (OR = 5.05, 95% CI = 1.01-25.38) followed by others (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 0.77 - 19.69) and Urdu speaking (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 0.59 - 12.45). Absence of @entity221 in the past month had an inverse association with @entity14062 (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07 - 0.37). CONCLUSION: Mental illnesses, low socio-economic status and loneliness were the risk factors of @entity14062 @entity1 presenting to the three EDs of Karachi. @entity221 in the last month was protective against @entity14062 in these @entity1 . Psychiatric evaluation of @entity14062 @entity1 in the @entity2613 is important for early diagnosis and management of @entity146 .
