Effect of improving dietary quality on carotid intima media thickness in subjects with type 1 and type 2 XXXX : a 12-mo randomized controlled trial.

@entity1 @entity6 @entity2998 @entity731 @entity65
BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 are at a heightened risk of @entity65 compared with the general population. To our knowledge, randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of improving dietary quality on carotid intima media thickness, a marker of subclinical @entity731 and predictor of @entity65 , have not been conducted in populations with @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether increasing fruit (+1 serving; 150 g/d), vegetable (+2 servings; 150 g/d), and dairy (+1 serving; 200-250 g/d) intakes slows 12-mo common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA IMT) progression, compared with a control group continuing to consume their usual diet, in @entity1 with type 1 and type 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: A 12-mo randomized controlled trial was conducted. The primary outcome was mean CCA IMT, measured at baseline and 12 mo, with B-mode ultrasound. @entity1 in the intervention group received counseling from a dietitian at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 9 mo, and compliance was measured with a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline, 3 mo, and 12 mo. The control group continued consuming their usual diet. RESULTS: In total, 118 @entity1 completed the study. Vegetable (46 g/d; 95% CI: 14, 77 g/d; P < 0.001) and fruit (179 g/d; 95% CI: 119, 239 g/d; P < 0.001) intakes were increased at 3 mo in the intervention group compared with the control group. This increase was not maintained at 12 mo, but intake increased overall in the cohort (fruit, 48 g/d; vegetables, 14 g/d). An increase in dairy consumption was not achieved, but yogurt intake was higher in the intervention group at 3 mo (38 g; 95% CI: 12, 65 g; P < 0.001); this was not maintained at 12 mo. At 12 mo, CCA IMT regressed (mean    SD: -0.01    0.04 mm; P < 0.001), with a greater effect in the treatment group (mean    SD: -0.02    0.04 mm vs. -0.004    0.04 mm; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Improving dietary quality in @entity1 with well-controlled type 1 and type 2 @entity6 may slow @entity2998 . This trial was registered at https://www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12613000251729.
