Effects of XXXX on the retinal neurosensory cells and @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

@entity1 @entity12962 @entity31373 @entity137 @entity522 @entity28731 @entity39 @entity8186 @entity8187 @entity880
PURPOSE: To study the effects of @entity28731 ( @entity12962 ), a toxic component of cigarette smoke, on retinal neurosensory (R28) cells and @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: R28 cells and HMVEC were treated for 24 hours with 1000, 400, 200, and 100 micro M of @entity12962 . Cell viability was measured by dye exclusion assay. @entity31373 , and -12 activities were measured by fluorochrome assays. DNA ladder was run on agarose gel, and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate was evaluated using a LDH @entity137 kit II. RESULTS: R28 cells exposed to @entity12962 1000 and 400 micro M showed a decrease in cell viability but not at lower concentrations of 200 and 100 micro M. At 400, 200, and 100 micro M @entity12962 , there was an increase in @entity522 /7 and at 200 and 100 microM B(e)P caspase-12 activities. @entity8186 activity was increased only at 200 micro M @entity12962 . @entity8187 activity was not increased at any concentration. DNA ladder revealed bands at 200 bp intervals at lower concentrations and LDH activity at higher concentrations. HMVEC cultures exposed to @entity12962 1000, 400, and 200 micro M showed a decrease in cell viability. @entity31373 activity was not increased at any concentration. DNA laddering revealed no bands at 200 bp intervals at any dose. LDH release rates increased at all three concentrations. However, 100 micro M @entity12962 was found safe on HMVEC. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12962 has different mechanisms of action on R28 cells and HMVEC at different concentrations. In R28 cells, 200 and 100 micro M of @entity12962 causes activation of @entity522 , -8 (200 micro M only) and -12 pathways, leading to apoptotic cell death, but, at higher concentrations, there is non-apoptotic cell death, which could be due to @entity39 . In contrast, the HMVEC cell death is through non-caspase-dependent @entity39 pathway. The molecular mechanisms of cell death vary with different cell types and concentrations of @entity12962 .
