Cellular Changes during Renal Failure-Induced Inflammatory XXXX .

@entity1133 @entity5507 @entity886 @entity7874 @entity177 @entity730 @entity1011 @entity35
BACKGROUND: @entity7874 ( @entity7874 ) secondary to @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is an inflammation-regulated process, but its pathogenesis remains unknown. We sought to assess the cellular processes that are involved in the early phases of @entity886 using a unique animal model of @entity177 -associated @entity7874 . METHODS: Aortic valves were obtained from @entity35 that were fed a @entity5507 -inducing diet exclusively for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks as well as from controls. Pathological examination of the valves included histological characterization, von Kossa staining, and antigen expression analyses. RESULTS: After 2 weeks, we noted a significant increase in @entity1133 and @entity1011 levels, reflecting @entity177 . @entity177 parameters exacerbated until the Week 5 and plateaued. Whereas no histological changes or @entity730 was observed in the valves of any study group, macrophage accumulation became apparent as early as 2 weeks after the diet was started and rose after 3 weeks. By western blot, osteoblast markers were expressed after 2 weeks on the diet and decreased after 6 weeks. Collagen 3 was up-regulated after 3 weeks, plateauing at 4 weeks, whereas collagen 1 levels peaked at 2 and 4 weeks. Fibronectin levels increased gradually until Week 5 and decreased at 6 weeks. We observed early activation of the ERK pathway, whereas other pathways remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that @entity177 induces dramatic changes at the cellular level, including macrophage accumulation, activation of cell signaling pathway and extracellular matrix modification. These changes precede valve @entity730 and may increase propensity for @entity730 , and have to be investigated further.
