Imaging and intervention in XXXX : Current perspectives and future trends.

@entity1 @entity263 @entity419 @entity5 @entity1388 @entity1486
@entity263 is the commonest @entity5 in @entity1 that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Screening by digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum @entity1486 (PSA) is used despite its limitations. Gray-scale transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), used to guide multiple random prostatic biopsies, misses up to 20% @entity5 and frequently underestimates the grade of @entity5 . Increasing the number of biopsy cores marginally increases the yield. Evolving techniques of real-time ultrasound elastography (RTE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are being investigated to better detect and improve the yield by allowing "targeted" biopsies. Last decade has witnessed rapid developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for improved management of @entity263 . In addition to the anatomical information, it is capable of providing functional information through diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. Multi-parametric MRI has the potential to exclude a significant @entity5 in majority of cases. Inclusion of MRI before prostatic biopsy can reduce the invasiveness of the procedure by limiting the number of cores needed to make a diagnosis and support watchful waiting in others. It is made possible by targeted biopsies as opposed to random. With the availability of minimally invasive therapeutic modalities like high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and interstitial laser therapy, detecting @entity5 is even more relevant today. @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)FDG PET/CT) has no role in the initial evaluation of @entity263 . Choline PET has been recently found to be more useful. @entity1388 -PET has a higher sensitivity and resolution than a conventional radionuclide bone scan in detecting skeletal metastases.
