A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study to Investigate the Utility of a Picture Imagination Task in Investigating Neural Responses in @entity1 with XXXX to Daily Physical Activity Photographs.

@entity1 @entity4512 @entity14978 @entity73 @entity148 @entity158
UNASSIGNED: Pain-related @entity148 and fear are associated with increased difficulties in attention, increased awareness of @entity158 , @entity73 from @entity158 , and can moderate the effects of attentional coping attempts. Accurately assessing the direct impact of @entity158 -related @entity148 and fear on @entity158 behavior has proved difficult. Studies have demonstrated no or limited influence of @entity158 -related fear and @entity148 on behavior but this may be due to inherent problems with the scales used. Neuroimaging has improved the understanding of neural processes underlying the factors that influence @entity158 perception. This study aimed to establish if a @entity14978 ( @entity14978 ), largely developed from the Photographs of Daily Activity (PHODA) assessment tool, could help explore how @entity1 living with chronic @entity158 process information about daily activities. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain responses in @entity1 with chronic @entity4512 (CMSKP) (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15). Subjects were asked to imagine how they would feel mentally and physically if asked to perform daily activities illustrated in @entity14978 . The results found that a number of regions involved in @entity158 processing saw increased BOLD activation in @entity1 compared with controls when undertaking the task and included the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and inferior and superior parietal cortices. Similarly, increased BOLD responses in @entity1 compared to controls in the frontal pole, paracingulate and the supplementary motor cortex may be suggestive of a memory component to the responses The amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, substantia nigra/ventral tegmentum, putamen, thalamus, pallidum, inferior parietal (supramarginal and angular gyrus) and cingulate cortex were also seen to have greater differences in BOLD signal changes in @entity1 compared with controls and many of these regions are also associated with general phobic responses. Therefore, we suggest that @entity14978 is a useful task to explore @entity158 - and movement-related @entity148 and fear in fMRI studies. Regions in the Default Mode Network remained active or were less deactivated during the @entity14978 task in @entity1 with CMSKP compared to healthy controls supporting the contention that the DMN is abnormal in @entity1 with CMSKP.
