Health effects of energy drinks on XXXX , adolescents, and young adults.

@entity1 @entity2226 @entity410 @entity137 @entity6 @entity146 @entity71 @entity5834 @entity2690 @entity1277 @entity299 @entity1445
OBJECTIVE: To review the effects, adverse consequences, and extent of energy drink consumption among @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Google using "energy drink," "sports drink," "guarana," " @entity5834 ," " @entity2226 ," " @entity71 ," " @entity6 ," " @entity1 ," "adolescents," @entity2690 " @entity1277 ," and "poison control center" to identify articles related to energy drinks. Manufacturer Web sites were reviewed for product information. RESULTS: According to self-report surveys, energy drinks are consumed by 30% to 50% of adolescents and young adults. Frequently containing high and unregulated amounts of @entity5834 , these drinks have been reported in association with serious adverse effects, especially in @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults with @entity410 , @entity6 , @entity299 , or mood and @entity146 or those who take certain medications. Of the 5448 US @entity5834 @entity1445 reported in 2007, 46% occurred in those younger than 19 years. Several countries and states have debated or restricted energy drink sales and advertising. CONCLUSIONS: Energy drinks have no therapeutic benefit, and many ingredients are understudied and not regulated. The known and unknown pharmacology of agents included in such drinks, combined with reports of @entity137 , raises concern for potentially serious adverse effects in association with energy drink use. In the short-term, pediatricians need to be aware of the possible effects of energy drinks in vulnerable populations and screen for consumption to educate families. Long-term research should aim to understand the effects in at-risk populations. @entity137 surveillance should be improved, and regulations of energy drink sales and consumption should be based on appropriate research.
