The Changing Profile of XXXX @entity1534 Antibiotic Resistance in Singapore: A 15-Year Study.

@entity1 @entity868 @entity115 @entity4581 @entity5553 @entity1534 @entity803
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is an important cause of @entity1534 treatment failure. This study aimed to examine the change in H. @entity1534 antibiotic resistance profile in Singapore over the course of 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study period was from 2000 to 2014. Gastric mucosal biopsies obtained from @entity1534 -positive @entity1 were cultured. Antibiotic susceptibility to @entity868 , @entity4581 , @entity5553 , @entity803 , and @entity115 was tested. The change in resistance rates over time was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 708 @entity1534 isolates were cultured. There was a significant increase in resistance rates for @entity868 (2000-2002: 24.8%; 2012-2014: 48.2%; p < .001), @entity4581 (2000-2002: 7.9%; 2012-2014: 17.1%; p = .022), and @entity5553 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 14.7%; p = .007). The resistance rates for @entity803 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 7.6%) and @entity115 (2000-2002: 3%; 2012-2014: 4.4%) remained stable. Increase in dual (2000-2002: 6.9%; 2012-2014: 9.4%; p = .479) and triple antibiotic resistance rates (2000-2002: 0; 2012-2014: 7.6%; p < .001) were observed. Overall, the most common dual and triple resistance patterns were @entity868 / @entity4581 (4.4%) and @entity868 / @entity4581 / @entity5553 (1.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Over 15 years, @entity1534 resistance rates to @entity868 , @entity4581 and @entity5553 had increased. There was increased resistance to multiple antibiotics.
