XXXX of the male breast.

@entity1 @entity0 @entity5 @entity262 @entity189 @entity3
BACKGROUND: @entity189 is a distinctive and rare variant of @entity0 with a favorable prognosis because these @entity5 usually behave in an indolent manner. The occurrence of this type of @entity0 in males was studied. METHODS: An extensive literature survey concerning secretory @entity0 in males was performed. Data of one case treated in our institute were added. RESULTS: A total of 14 cases were identified, and our case was added to this series. The median age was 17 years. The duration of symptoms varied from 1 month to 21 years, and the @entity5 size was 1.2 to 4 cm. Surgical treatment varied from local excision only to modified radical mastectomy. Three @entity1 received adjuvant treatment. Lymph nodes were involved in 3 of the 10 cases undergoing axillary lymph node dissection. The @entity5 was only 1.5 cm in diameter in two of those cases. None of the @entity1 presented with systemic @entity3 . Only one male was reported to develop recurrence and consequently died of @entity262 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 is very rare in males and seems to occur at a younger age in males than in females. A sufficient number of female cases have been reported with recurrence after local excision. Although in females lymph node @entity3 are rarely observed in @entity0 smaller than 2 cm, in male @entity1 nodal @entity3 might occur more frequently in smaller @entity5 . Therefore, mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection is recommended in any male case. Biological behavior seems to be similarly favorable in either sex.
