Probiotics for Prevention and Treatment of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity697 @entity3166 @entity294 @entity1902 @entity375 @entity1905
UNASSIGNED: Probiotics are increasingly used for prevention and treatment of @entity294 more in @entity1 than in adults. Given the broad spectrum of @entity294 , this review focuses on the main etiologies: @entity697 , antibiotic-associated @entity294 (AAD), and @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ). For each, we reviewed randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines. For @entity697 we found 12 guidelines: 5 recommended probiotics and 7 did not. However, the guidelines containing positive recommendations provided proof of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses. @entity1905 (LGG) and @entity375 boulardii had the most compelling evidence of efficacy as they reduced the duration of the disease by 1 day. For AAD 4 meta-analyses were found, reporting variable efficacy of probiotics in preventing @entity294 , based on the setting, @entity1 's age, and antibiotics. The most effective strains were LGG and S. boulardii. For @entity3166 , we found 3 randomized controlled trials, 5 meta-analyses, and 4 position papers. Probiotics reduced the risk of @entity3166 and mortality in preterm babies. Guidelines did not support a routine use of probiotics and asked for further data for such sensitive implications. In conclusion, there is strong and solid proof of efficacy of probiotics as active treatment of @entity1902 in addition to rehydration. There is solid evidence that probiotics have some efficacy in prevention of AAD, but the number needed to treat is an issue. For both etiologies LGG and S. boulardii have the strongest evidence. In @entity3166 the indications are more debated, yet on the basis of available data and their implications, probiotics should be carefully considered.
