Predictive and prognostic biomarkers for targeted therapy in metastatic XXXX .

@entity8047 @entity7 @entity984 @entity470 @entity5 @entity3963 @entity2301 @entity983 @entity817 @entity14 @entity8497 @entity2856 @entity8496
The use of targeted biologic agents in combination with chemotherapy has increased the overall survival (OS) of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) to 23.5 months. With the assistance of @entity984 ( @entity984 ) mutational status, the subgroup population resistant to the inhibition of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) by monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) can be identified. However, only up to a third of the @entity984 wild-type subpopulation respond to @entity470 inhibition. Multiple factors, including relatively low response rates and high costs for targeted agents, are driving the search to identify further biomarkers within the @entity470 /Ras/ @entity8496 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 and @entity983 /PIP3/AKT signaling pathways. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a key player in @entity5 angiogenesis and the target for the MoAb bevacizumab, which is currently licensed for use in mCRC. Despite numerous studies, an equivalent predictive biomarker for bevacizumab has not been identified. Preclinical work indicates that inhibition of the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) pathway stops cellular transformation and @entity5 regression, thus identifying this pathway as a strong potential target for anticancer drug development and the identification of novel biomarkers. This review focuses on research relating to the roles of biomarkers within the EGF, @entity7 , and IGF receptor pathways. The molecules @entity984 , @entity817 , @entity8497 , @entity983 , PIP3, @entity7 , @entity2856 , and @entity2301 are discussed. Currently, @entity984 is the only biomarker used in clinical practice for mCRC. Pending the results of ongoing and future studies, additional biomarkers will be tested, tailoring our approach to targeted therapy in mCRC.
