Apoptosis induction and release of inflammatory cytokines in the oviduct of egg-laying hens experimentally infected with XXXX .

@entity778 @entity72108 @entity72109 @entity3145 @entity75 @entity409 @entity14327 @entity41494 @entity72107 @entity17024 @entity1573 @entity281 @entity26564 @entity17022 @entity41496 @entity72106 @entity72105 @entity14326
The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) can cause serious damage to the reproductive tract of egg-laying hens, leading to severe egg-drop and poor egg shell quality. However, previous studies in relation to the @entity409 resulted from this agent have not clearly been elucidated. In this study, apoptosis and pathologic changes in the oviducts of egg-laying hens caused by H9N2 AIV were evaluated. To understand the immune response in the pathogenic processes, 30-week old specific pathogen free (SPF) egg-laying hens inoculated with H9N2 subtype of AIV through combined intra-ocular and intra-nasal routes. @entity778 resulted in @entity75 , triggered apoptosis and expression of immune related genes accompanied with infiltration of @entity14326 (+) @entity14327 (+) and @entity14326 (+) @entity72105 (+) cells. Significant @entity3145 and apoptosis were observed in the five oviductal parts (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina) at 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). Furthermore, immune-related genes, including @entity1573 @entity41494 (7, 21), @entity72106 , @entity26564 , @entity17024 , CXCLi1, @entity17022 , @entity72107 , @entity72108 and @entity72109 showed variation in the egg-laying hens infected with H9N2 AIV. Notably, mRNA expression of @entity41496 was suppressed during the @entity281 . These results show distinct expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines amongst segments of the oviduct. Differential gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes aggregation occurring in oviducts may initiate the infected tissue in response to virus replication which may eventually lead to excessive cellular apoptosis and @entity3145 .
