Environmental risk factors for pulmonary XXXX -intracellulare complex disease.

@entity1 @entity167 @entity358 @entity4595 @entity3069 @entity19262
BACKGROUND: @entity3069 -intracellulare complex (MAC) is a ubiquitous pathogen found in soil and water. Environmental exposure is the primary route for MAC infection. However, specific environmental risk factors have been poorly determined in immunocompetent @entity1 with @entity358 . METHODS: A case-control study was performed with 106 @entity1 with @entity358 ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ], 23 [83]; age, 64.3    9.2 years) and 53 age-matched control @entity1 with @entity4595 but not @entity19262 ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ], 7[46]; age, 63.0    11.0 years). All @entity1 completed a standardized questionnaire that included questions about medical history, smoking history, @entity167 usage, age at menopause, and environment exposures. Environment exposures included soil exposure from farming or gardening; water exposure from bathing, showering, hot tub use, dishwashing, swimming, and drinking water; and pet exposure. RESULTS: No differences were identified in the @entity1 characteristics and underlying diseases. More case @entity1 experienced high soil exposure (>=  2 per week) than control @entity1 (23.6% vs 9.4%, P = .032); this remained significant after multivariate analysis (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.4-24.7; P = .015). There were no significant differences in other environmental exposures. Case @entity1 with high soil exposure were significantly older than those with low soil exposure (67.3    7.3 years vs 64.3    9.5 years, P = .037). Other characteristics, underlying diseases, and mycobacterial species did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity358 had significantly more soil exposure than noninfected control @entity1 , which suggests that environmental soil exposure is a likely risk factor for the development of @entity358 .
