Neuropsychological profile in new-onset @entity302 with XXXX ( @entity25464 ): Focusing on executive functions.

@entity1 @entity75 @entity409 @entity1957 @entity1654 @entity4207 @entity302 @entity25464
PURPOSE: Increased evidence of subnormal neuropsychological functioning in new-onset @entity302 has been obtained, although results are still rare and controversial. With a prospective study, we aimed to define the very early neuropsychological profile of @entity1 with @entity302 with @entity1654 ( @entity25464 ), including executive functions (EF) because of their key role in learning. Additionally, we enrolled drug-na  ve @entity1 , with a NREM sleep frequency of discharges <85% and with a Performance Intelligence Quotient equal or superior to 85, in order to exclude additional effects on the neuropsychological functioning. METHODS: Fifteen school-aged @entity1 with @entity25464 (mean age: 8.8years, standard deviation [SD]: 2.4years) and fifteen healthy @entity1 (mean age: 9.2years, [SD]: 2.5years) were enrolled and assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The assessment included domain-specific standardized tests of language, EF, @entity4207 skills, @entity1957 , and short-term memory. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Significant differences between @entity1 and controls emerged with respect to 3 domains. Language was affected in color naming (p=.026), spoonerism (p=.003), and phonemic synthesis (p=.009). Executive functions appeared inadequate in the five point test with respect to the number of correct figures (p=.003) and errors (p=.008). In the domain of @entity4207 skills, significant differences between groups emerged regarding the number of mistakes in nonword writing (p=.001), nonword reading speed (p=.027), nonword reading number of mistakes (p=.019), and word reading errors (p=.023). DISCUSSION: Results showed that @entity1 with new-onset @entity25464 may demonstrate a range of @entity409 , particularly affecting executive attention, despite a normal IQ, a low frequency of NREM sleep discharges, and the absence of drugs. These difficulties indicate a @entity75 with cascading effects on language and @entity4207 skills. The inclusion of EF in the assessment battery and in the intervention since the very onset is warranted in order to avoid further and persistent @entity4207 .
