Brief oral stimulation, but especially oral fat exposure, elevates serum XXXX in @entity1 .

@entity1 @entity1674 @entity412
Oral exposure to dietary fat results in an early initial spike, followed by a prolonged elevation, of serum @entity1674 in @entity1 . The physiological and pathophysiological implications remain unknown. This study sought to determine the incidence of the effect, the required fat exposure duration, and its reliability. Thirty-four healthy adults participated in four to six response-driven trials held at least a week apart. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast, a catheter was placed in an antecubital vein, and a blood sample was obtained. @entity1 then ingested 50 g of safflower oil in capsules with 500 ml of water within 15 min to mimic a high fat meal but without oral fat exposure. Blood was collected 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 min after capsule ingestion with different forms (full fat, nonfat, none) and durations of oral fat exposures (10 s, 5 min, 20 min, and/or 2 h). A @entity412 response (increase of @entity412 >10 mg/dl within 30 min) was observed in 88.2%, 70.5%, and 50% of @entity1 with full-fat, nonfat, and no oral exposure, respectively. Test-retest reliability was 75% with full-fat exposure but only 45.4% with nonfat exposure. Full-fat and nonfat exposures led to comparable significant elevations of @entity412 over no oral stimulation with 10-s exposures, but full fat led to a greater rise than nonfat with 20 min of exposure. These data indicate that nutritionally relevant oral fat exposures reliably elevate serum @entity412 concentrations in most @entity1 .
