Male infertility and XXXX : a neglected problem in the Middle East.

@entity1 @entity249 @entity308 @entity306
INTRODUCTION: @entity306 has been paid to the psychological status of @entity249 @entity1 from developing countries who have been traditionally stigmatized as feeble and ineffective. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of @entity308 and its socio-demographic correlates in a sample of Iranian @entity249 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and fourteen @entity249 @entity1 filled out the 21-item Beck @entity308 Inventory. @entity1 who scored >=  17 were considered @entity308 and those with the score  <= 16 were assumed to be nondepressed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) Comparison between @entity308 and non- @entity308 @entity1 regarding age, education level, economic status, ethnicity, age at time of marriage, duration, and @entity249 and regular cigarette smoking. (ii) Independent risk factors for @entity308 . RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 34.1    7.1 years. The diagnosis of @entity308 was made in 42.9% of @entity249 @entity1 . Current age, age at marriage, economic status, and @entity249 were not statistically different between two groups (P > 0.05). Statistically significant association was detected between @entity308 symptoms and education (P < 0.001), cigarette smoking (P < 0.008), and duration of @entity249 (P < 0.03). In an adjusted multiple regression model, education (odds ratio [OR] 0.2; confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.5, P < 0.003), ethnicity (OR 4.5; CI 1.5-13.3, P < 0.006), and cigarette smoking (OR 5.1; CI 1.4-18.5, P < 0.01) retained their significance, while duration of @entity249 lost its power. CONCLUSION: @entity308 among Iranian @entity249 @entity1 is remarkably higher in comparison with Western countries. Azaris, cigarette smokers, and individuals with low educational level are at higher risk of developing @entity308 among @entity249 @entity1 .
