Prenatal Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Measured with Urine XXXX May Reduce Gross Motor Development at 18 Months of Age.

@entity1 @entity4874
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of second-hand smoke exposure of pregnant mothers using urine @entity4874 with the neurodevelopment of their @entity1 at 18 months of age in the mother- @entity1 cohort in Crete (Rhea Study). STUDY DESIGN: Selected @entity1 were Greek mothers with singleton pregnancies, had never smoked, and had available urine @entity4874 measurements in pregnancy, and their @entity1 for whom a neurodevelopmental assessment was completed. We performed face-to-face interviews twice during pregnancy and postnatally, and assessed @entity1 's neurodevelopment at 18 months of age using the Bayley Scales of @entity1 and Toddler Development, Third Edition. We used linear regression and generalized additive models. RESULTS: Of 599 mothers, 175 (29%) met the inclusion criteria. Maternal urine @entity4874 levels were low (mean: 10.3 ng/mL, SD: 11.7 ng/mL). Reported passive smoking from different sources was strongly associated with urine @entity4874 levels. A negative association was observed between @entity4874 levels in pregnancy and @entity1 's gross motor function (beta = -3.22 per 10 ng/mL, 95% CI -5.09 to -1.34) after adjusting for factors potentially associated with neurodevelopment; results were similar in both sexes. A negative association was also observed for cognitive and receptive communication scales but the effect was small and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal exposure during pregnancy to second-hand smoke measured through urine @entity4874 was associated with a decrease in gross motor function among 18-month-old @entity1 , even at low levels of exposure.
