Early detection of central @entity2 in smokers with XXXX .

@entity3673 @entity1313 @entity5 @entity5636 @entity2
BACKGROUND: Smokers with @entity5636 are at increased risk of @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using autofluorescence bronchoscopy after sputum examination for early detection of large @entity2 and factors associated with the presence of @entity5 and pre- @entity5 lesions among smokers with @entity5636 . METHODS: Subjects at the @entity3673 clinic were recruited if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) age >= 40 years, 2) smoking history of >= 20 pack-years and 3) confirmed diagnosis of @entity5636 . Sputum specimens were collected for cytology/cytometry examination and autofluorescence bronchoscopy was performed in subjects with an abnormal sputum result. RESULTS: A total of 48 subjects were recruited during the study period. The mean age and smoking history were respectively 63    10 years and 51    30 pack-years. @entity2 and @entity1313 (squamous metaplasia or above) were detected in respectively 2 (4.2%) and 14 (29.2%) subjects. The proportions of current smokers (75.0% vs. 40.6%, P = 0.03) and asbestos exposure (37.5% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.04) were significantly higher in subjects with the above lesions compared with those without. CONCLUSIONS: Sputum examination followed by autofluorescence bronchoscopy may be a useful way of identifying @entity5 /pre- @entity5 lesions among silicotic smokers. Current smoking and asbestos exposure were associated with these lesions.
