A novel method for identifying settings for well-motivated ecologic studies of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity788 @entity263 @entity0 @entity5 @entity2 @entity1778 @entity320
UNASSIGNED: A low within-country variability and a large between-country variability in @entity5 incidence may indicate that ecologic factors are involved in the etiology of the disease. The aim of this study is to explore the within- and between-country variability of @entity5 incidence to motivate high-quality ecologic studies. We extracted age-standardized incidence rate estimates (world standard population) from 135 regions for the 10 most frequent invasive @entity5 in Europe for non-Hispanic white populations from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Volume X. We fitted weighted multilevel Poisson regression models with random country effects for each @entity5 and sex. We estimated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A high ICC indicates a low within and a high between-country variability of rates. The two @entity5 sites with the highest ICC among @entity1 were @entity263 (0.96, 95%CI: 0.92-0.99) and @entity320 (0.78, 0.64-0.93). Among @entity1 , high ICC were observed for @entity2 (0.84, 0.73-0.95) and @entity0 (0.80, 0.69-0.91). The two most prominent sex differences for ICC occurred for @entity5 of the head and neck ( @entity1 : 0.70, 0.55-0.85, @entity1 : 0.19, 0.08-0.30) and @entity0 ( @entity1 : 0.04, 0.01-0.07, @entity1 : 0.80, 0.69-0.91). ICCs were relatively low for @entity788 ( @entity1 : 0.23, 0.10-0.35; @entity1 : 0.13, 0.04-0.21) and @entity1778 ( @entity1 : 0.12, 0.04-0.21; @entity1 : 0.08, 0.02-0.14). For @entity5 with high ICC for which systematic factors of the health care system, screening and diagnostic activities are not plausible explanations for between-country variations in incidence, cross-country sex-specific ecologic studies may be especially promising. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
