Seaweed-synthesized @entity575 nanoparticles: an eco-friendly tool in the fight against XXXX and its vector Anopheles stephensi?

@entity1 @entity11898 @entity137 @entity575 @entity315 @entity3964 @entity311
UNASSIGNED: @entity311 , the most widespread mosquito-borne disease, affects 350-500 million @entity1 each year. Eco-friendly control tools against @entity311 vectors are urgently needed. This research proposed a novel method of plant-mediated synthesis of @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNP) using a cheap seaweed extract of Ulva lactuca, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),  and @entity11898 ( @entity11898 ). The U. lactuca extract and the green-synthesized AgNP were tested against larvae and pupae of the @entity311 vector Anopheles stephensi. In mosquitocidal assays, LC50 values of U. lactuca extract against A. stephensi larvae and pupae were 18.365  ppm (I instar), 23.948  ppm (II), 29.701  ppm (III), 37.517  ppm (IV), and 43.012  ppm (pupae). LC50 values of AgNP against A. stephensi were 2.111  ppm (I), 3.090  ppm (II), 4.629  ppm (III), 5.261  ppm (IV), and 6.860  ppm (pupae). Smoke @entity137 experiments conducted against mosquito adults showed that U. lactuca coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the @entity315 -based positive control (66, 51, and 41  %, respectively). Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of U. lactuca extract and U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of @entity3964 . Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of U. lactuca were 57.26   g/ml (CQ-s) and 66.36   g/ml (CQ-r); U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP IC50 values were 76.33   g/ml (CQ-s) and 79.13   g/ml (CQ-r). Overall, our results highlighted out that U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP may be employed to develop newer and safer agents for @entity311 control.
