Alternative activation modifies macrophage resistance to XXXX .

@entity18194 @entity842 @entity2499 @entity291 @entity2497
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of macrophage alternative activation in the intracellular pathogen natural disease resistance phenotype of the host. Macrophage monolayers from resistant (R) (3) or susceptible (S) (3) @entity291 donors were treated with 10 ng/ml of @entity291 recombinant @entity18194 (rbIL-4), and infected with virulent and avirulent @entity2497 (MOI 10:1). Bactericidal assays were performed to assess the bacterial phagocytic index and intracellular survival. Total RNA was reverse transcribed and used to analyze the relative changes in gene expression of IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 IL-1b, TNF-a, MCP-1, MCP-2, IL-6, MIP-1, MIP-3, iNOS, ARGII and SLAM by real time PCR. Cell supernatants were collected and @entity842 and arginase production was assessed. Apoptosis induction was measured by TUNEL. @entity18194 treatment increased the phagocytic index in both R and S macrophages; however intracellular survival was augmented mainly in S macrophages. Alternative activation decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, @entity842 production and DNA fragmentation mainly in R macrophages. On the other hand, arginase production was not different between R and S macrophages. Alternative activation modifies the macrophage response against @entity2499 . @entity18194 treatment minimized the functional differences that exist between R and S macrophages.
