Aquatic environmental risk assessment for XXXX use of the old antibiotic @entity207 in Europe.

@entity1 @entity11682 @entity17469 @entity1598 @entity207 @entity206
UNASSIGNED: @entity207 ( @entity1598 ) is an old @entity11682 antibiotic that was launched first in combination with @entity206 in 1969 by F.Hoffmann-La Roche. Although sales figures for @entity1598 have been declining over the past 20 yr, the compound is still widely used; moreover, many measured environmental concentrations (MECs) are available from Europe, the United States, Asia, Australia, and Africa. To assess aquatic risks of @entity1598 in Europe, the exposure of European surface waters was predicted based on actual sales figures from IMS Health, incorporating environmental fate data on one side, and based on collated MECs representing more than 5500 single measurements in Europe on the other. Environmental effects were assessed using chronic and subchronic ecotoxicity data for 16 groups of aquatic organisms, from periphyton communities to cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants, various invertebrates, and vertebrates. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived using both deterministic and probabilistic methodology. The predicted environmental concentration (PEC)/PNEC and @entity17469 /PNEC comparisons overall showed no appreciable risk, except in a low incidence (<0.55%) of cases in which exceptionally high MECs led to @entity17469 /PNEC risk characterization ratios greater than 1. The PNECs derived in the present study can be used to extend aquatic environmental risk assessment for @entity1598 to other continents. No risk appears for indirect @entity1 exposure to @entity1598 via the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;9999:1-13.    2015 SETAC.
