@entity295 and XXXX --uncommon but serious complications in connection with permanent cardiac pacing.

@entity1 @entity295 @entity5938 @entity4034 @entity794 @entity11889 @entity281 @entity884
Between 1971 and 1978 @entity295 was observed in 14 @entity1 undergoing permanent pacemaker treatment. The causative microorganisms were: @entity794 (9), @entity5938 (3), alfa-haemolytic streptococci + @entity11889 (1), enterococci (1). In 4 @entity1 , a mural @entity884 of the right atrial wall surrounding the electrode was found at operation or autopsy. The interval between the preceding pacemaker operation and onset of @entity295 varied between 2 days and 23 months (median 2 months). In 5 @entity1 , the last operation before @entity295 was performed because of @entity281 in the pacemaker pocket or along the electrode. A probable portal of entry was found in 11 @entity1 . The electrode was the origin in 8, the pacemaker pocket in one, and a focus outside the pacemaker system in 2. Of the 6 @entity1 treated with antibiotics alone, 3 were cured, 2 died and one is still on treatment. Eight @entity1 underwent various surgical procedures in addition to the antibiotic treatment. In 4 the electrode was completely removed. In 2 of them cardiotomy during extracorporeal circulation had to be used. All of these @entity1 were cured. In 3 the pacemaker system was partially extracted. Only one of them was cured, one developed @entity4034 and one died. Based on our experience, we now recommend that all foreign material should be removed, if possible, in the presence of @entity295 and/or @entity884 , and that parenteral antibiotic treatment should be given for at least 6 weeks.
