The Good and Bad Differentially Encoded within the Subthalamic Nucleus in XXXX (1,2,3).

@entity10789 @entity191 @entity969 @entity2072 @entity4807 @entity35 @entity3119
The @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ) has only recently been added into the reward circuit. It has been shown to encode information regarding rewards (4% @entity969 , 32% @entity2072 ). To investigate the encoding of negative value, @entity10789 neurons were recorded in @entity35 performing a task using discriminative stimuli predicting various rewards and especially during the replacement of a positive reinforcer (4% @entity969 ) by an aversive reinforcer ( @entity4807 ). The results show that @entity10789 neurons encode information relative to both positive and aversive reinforcers via specialized subpopulations. The specialization is reset when the context is modified (change from a favorable context (4% vs 32% @entity969 ) to an unfavorable context ( @entity4807 vs 32% @entity969 ). An excitatory response to the cue light predicting the reward seems to be associated with the preferred situation, suggesting that @entity10789 plays a role in encoding the relative value of rewards. @entity10789 also seems to play a critical role in the encoding of execution error. Indeed, various subpopulations of neurons responding exclusively at early (i.e., "oops neurons") or at correct lever release were identified. The oops neurons respond mostly when the preferred reward (32% @entity969 ) is missed. Furthermore, @entity10789 neurons respond to reward omission, suggesting a role in reward prediction error. These properties of @entity10789 neurons strengthen its position in the reward circuit as a key cerebral structure through which reward-related processes are mediated. It is particularly important given the fact that @entity10789 is the target of surgical treatment for @entity191 and @entity3119 , and has been suggested for the treatment of addiction as well.
