Cytokine and Chemokine Signature in Elite Versus Viremic Controllers Infected with XXXX .

@entity32 @entity404 @entity645 @entity12868 @entity373 @entity371
UNASSIGNED: @entity645 long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) maintaining high @entity404 (+) T-cell counts without antiretroviral therapy (ART) are divided into elite controllers (ECs) with undetectable and viremic controllers (VCs) with low viral loads. Little is known about the long-term changes of T-cell subsets and @entity32 patterns in ECs versus VCs. The aim of the study was to explore the long-term evolution of @entity404 (+) T-cell levels in LTNPs and to analyze cytokine profiles in ECs versus VCs. Nineteen ECs and 15 VCs were enrolled from the natural virus controller cohort (NaViC). T-cell counts were monitored over years, the mean annual change was calculated, and plasma concentrations of 25 cytokines were evaluated using a multiplex bead array. While absolute numbers of T cells did not differ between ECs and VCs over time, we observed a significant decrease of @entity404 (+) T-cell percentages in VCs, but not in ECs (median [interquartile range]: ECs: 37% [28-41] vs. VCs: 29% [25-34]; p   =   .02). ECs had lower levels of @entity12868 ( @entity12868 , p   =   .003), interferon @entity371 ( @entity371 , p   =   .03), and monokine induced by interferon-y ( @entity373 , p   =   .02). @entity404 (+) T-cell percentages inversely correlated with @entity12868 (r   =   -0.42, p   =   .017) and @entity371 (r   =   -0.77, p   <   .0001). A subtle decline of @entity404 (+) T-cell percentages could be observed in VCs, but not in ECs, which was associated with higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Hence, even low levels of @entity645 replication might go along with a progressive decline in @entity404 (+) T-cell counts in LTNPs.
