A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with XXXX .

@entity1 @entity353 @entity6 @entity5710 @entity2690 @entity1735 @entity6757 @entity413 @entity3363
BACKGROUND: Fat infiltration of the liver, muscle and pancreas is associated with @entity2690 resistance and risk of @entity6 . Weight loss reduces ectopic fat deposition and risk of @entity6 , but is difficult to sustain to due to compensatory increases in appetite. Fermentable @entity3363 have been shown to decrease appetite and food intake, and promote @entity353 in overweight subjects. In animal studies, fermentable @entity1735 reduces ectopic fat independent of @entity353 . We aimed to investigate the effect of the fermentable @entity1735 inulin on weight maintenance, appetite and ectopic fat in subjects with @entity5710 . METHODS: Forty-four subjects with @entity5710 were randomized to 18  weeks' inulin or cellulose supplementation. During weeks 1-9 ( @entity353 phase) all subjects had four visits with a dietitian to guide them towards a 5  % @entity353 . During weeks 10-18 (weight maintenance phase) subjects continued taking their assigned supplementation and were asked to maintain the weight they had lost but were offered no further support. All subjects attended study sessions at baseline, 9 and 18  weeks for measurement of weight; assessment of adipose tissue and ectopic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy; @entity413 , @entity2690 and @entity6757 levels following a meal tolerance test; and appetite by ad libitum meal test and visual analogue scales. RESULTS: Both groups lost approximately 5  % of their body weight by week nine (-5.3        0.1  % vs -4.3        0.4  %, p   =   0.13, but the inulin group lost significantly more weight between 9 and 18  weeks (-2.3        0.5  % vs -0.6        0.4  %, p   =   0.012). Subjects taking inulin had lower hepatic (p   =   0.02) and soleus muscle (p   <   0.05) fat content at 18  weeks compared to control even after controlling for @entity353 and consumed less at the ad libitum meal test (p   =   0.027). Fasting @entity413 significantly decreased at week nine only (p   =   0.005), @entity2690 concentrations did not change, and there was a significant increase in @entity6757 in the cellulose group at 9 and 18  weeks (p   <   0.03, p   <   0.00001). CONCLUSION: Inulin may have a two-pronged effect on the risk of @entity6 by 1) promoting @entity353 2) reducing intrahepatocellular and intramyocellular lipid in @entity1 with @entity5710 independent of @entity353 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial number: NCT01841073.
