Water uptake by the XXXX @entity25384 , as affected by osmotic gradients and by neurohypophysial hormones.

@entity398 @entity1133 @entity1219 @entity1951 @entity25384 @entity969 @entity29877 @entity35
1. The rate of water uptake across the skin was investigated in live @entity25384 , an euryhaline frog which has been reported to tolerate sea water. When they were exposed to distilled water at 29 degrees C, the rate of water uptake was 8.4 +/- 0.4 mul./cm(2).hr; when bathed in solutions ranging from 30 to 570 m-osmole/l., irrespective of whether the solute was @entity969 , @entity1133 or @entity1219 , the rate of fluid uptake during the first day was inversely related to the osmolarity of the solution. No appreciable fluid movement was observed when the bathing solution had an osmolar concentration of 270 m-osmole/l.2. The rate of fluid uptake was not affected by injections of @entity1951 , @entity398 or of extracts of amphibian or @entity35 pituitary glands, irrespective of whether @entity25384 were bathed in distilled water or in solutions of @entity1219 or @entity969 .3. In @entity29877 , in contrast with @entity25384 , injections of neurohypophysial extracts produced a marked increase of the rate of fluid uptake.4. In the laboratory, @entity25384 could be acclimatized stepwise to tolerate @entity1219 solutions up to 700 m-osmole/l. for 7 days.5. After 24 hr exposure either to distilled water or to @entity1219 solutions from 100 to 670 m-osmole/l., the osmolar concentration of the plasma of @entity25384 was always higher than that of the bathing fluid. In R. pipiens or R. temporaria plasma osmolar concentration was higher than that of the bathing fluid only when the latter did not exceed 300 m-osmole/l.6. Under all conditions investigated, the osmolar concentration of the urine of @entity25384 was always lower than that of the plasma.7. The amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities of pituitary glands of @entity25384 kept in distilled water or in @entity1219 solutions up to 300 m-osmole/l. were 8.9 +/- 0.8 and 1.8 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland, irrespective of sex or body weight within the range 30-50 g. After 3 days exposure to hypertonic @entity1219 solutions, the amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities were 14.7 +/- 1.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland. In both instances the pressor/oxytocic ratio was 4.9. Pituitary glands of R. temporaria similarly showed increased pressor and oxytocic activities after exposure to @entity1219 solutions of 300-360 m-osmole/l.
