Concentrations of XXXX in New York City community garden soils: Potential sources and influential factors.

@entity505 @entity2556 @entity2555
UNASSIGNED: A total of 69 soil samples from 20 community gardens in New York City (New York, USA) were collected and analyzed for 23 @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) and black @entity505 . For each garden, samples were collected from nongrowing areas (non-bed) and from vegetable-growing beds, including beds with and without visible sources of @entity2556 . The sum of the US Environmental Protection Agency's 16 priority @entity2556 ranged up to 150   mg/kg, and the median (5.4   mg/kg) and mean (14.2   mg/kg) were similar to those previously reported for urban areas in the northeast United States. Isomer ratios indicated that the main sources of @entity2556 were petroleum, coal, and wood combustion. The @entity2556 concentrations were significantly and positively associated with black @entity505 and with modeled air @entity2556 concentrations, suggesting a consistent relationship between historical deposition of atmospheric @entity505 -adsorbed @entity2556 and current @entity2556 soil concentrations. Median @entity2556 soil concentration from non-bed areas was higher (7.4   mg/kg) than median concentration from beds in the same garden (4.0   mg/kg), and significantly higher than the median from beds without visible sources of @entity2556 (3.5   mg/kg). Median @entity2556 concentration in beds from gardens with records of soil amendments was 58% lower compared with beds from gardens without those records. These results suggest that gardening practices in garden beds without visible sources of @entity2556 contribute to reduce @entity2556 soil concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:357-367.    2015 SETAC.
