The relationship between early life modifiable risk factors for XXXX , ethnicity and body mass index at age 3  years: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study.

@entity1 @entity6677 @entity28
BACKGROUND: Many modifiable risk factors in early infancy have been shown to be associated with childhood overweight and @entity28 . These risk factors have not been studied within @entity1 of South Asian origin in the UK. The aims of this paper are to describe differences in the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for @entity28 between @entity1 of White British and Pakistani origin and investigate the association between these risk factors and childhood BMI measured at age 3  years. We used data from a sub-study of the Born in Bradford birth cohort with detailed follow-up visits throughout early childhood. 987 @entity1 with a BMI measurement at age 3 were included; 39% were White British, 48% were of Pakistani origin and 13% were of other ethnicities. Linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between risk factors and two outcomes at age 3; BMI z-scores and @entity1 overweight. RESULTS: Compared to Pakistani mothers, White British mothers were more likely to smoke during pregnancy, have higher BMI, breastfeed for a shorter duration and wean earlier, while Pakistani mothers had higher rates of @entity6677 and were less active. There was no strong evidence that the relationship between risk factors and BMI z-score differed by ethnicity. There were associations between BMI z-score and maternal smoking (mean difference in BMI z-score 0.33 (95% CI 0.13, 0.53)), maternal @entity28 (0.37 (0.19, 0.55)), indulgent feeding style (0.15 (-0.06, 0.36)), lower parental warmth scores (0.21 (0.05, 0.36)) and higher parental hostility scores (0.17 (0.01, 0.33)). Consistent associations between these risk factors and @entity1 overweight were found. Mean BMI and the relative risk of being overweight were lower in @entity1 of mothers with lower parental self-efficacy scores and who watched more hours of TV. Other risk factors ( @entity6677 , @entity1 diet, @entity1 sleep, @entity1 TV viewing and maternal physical activity) were not associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst the prevalence of risk factors that have been associated with childhood greater BMI differ between White British and Pakistani the magnitude of their associations with BMI are similar in the two groups.
