Investigation of metamemory functioning in the at-risk mental state for XXXX .

@entity1 @entity51 @entity161 @entity716
BACKGROUND: Metamemory describes the monitoring and knowledge about one's memory capabilities. @entity1 with @entity161 have been found to be less able in differentiating between correct and false answers (smaller confidence gap) when asked to provide retrospective confidence ratings in previous studies. Furthermore, higher proportions of very-high-confident but false responses have been found in this @entity1 group (high knowledge corruption). Whether and how these biases contribute to the early pathogenesis of @entity716 is yet unclear. This study thus aimed at investigating metamemory function in the early course of @entity716 . METHOD: @entity1 in an at-risk mental state for @entity716 (ARMS, n = 34), @entity1 with a first episode of @entity716 (FEP, n = 21) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 38) were compared on a verbal recognition task combined with retrospective confidence-level ratings. RESULTS: FEP @entity1 showed the smallest confidence gap, followed by ARMS @entity1 , followed by HCs. All groups differed significantly from each other. Regarding knowledge corruption, FEP @entity1 differed significantly from HCs, whereas a statistical trend was revealed in comparison of ARMS and FEP groups. Correlations were revealed between metamemory, measures of positive symptoms and working memory performance. CONCLUSIONS: These data underline the presence of a metamemory bias in ARMS @entity1 which is even more pronounced in FEP @entity1 . The bias might represent an early cognitive marker of the beginning @entity716 state. Longitudinal studies are needed to unravel whether @entity51 predict the transition to @entity716 and to evaluate therapeutic interventions.
