Risk factors associated with the presence of irreversible airflow limitation and reduced transfer coefficient in XXXX with @entity565 after 26 years of follow up.

@entity1 @entity1223 @entity2488 @entity565 @entity228 @entity1030 @entity258 @entity1224
BACKGROUND: Childhood @entity565 is generally believed to be a disorder with a good prognosis. However, some asthmatics develop irreversible @entity1224 , probably as a result of airway remodelling. METHODS: After 21-33 years, 228 adults (aged 13-44 years at baseline) with a history of @entity565 were re-examined to assess risk factors for the development of irreversible @entity1224 (IAO, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) <80% predicted and reversibility <9% predicted) and a reduced postbronchodilator transfer coefficient ( @entity1223 transfer factor/alveolar volume, <80% predicted), both characteristics of @entity1030 . RESULTS: At follow up, 41% did not have @entity1224 (NAO), 43% had @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ), and 16% had IAO; 23% had a reduced transfer coefficient. @entity1 with @entity1224 had @entity565 -like characteristics (wheezing, @entity565 , @entity2488 ( @entity2488 )) while @entity1 with IAO had @entity1030 -like symptoms (cough, phlegm, dyspnoea) at follow up. The development of IAO is determined by a lower FEV(1), less reversibility of @entity1224 and, surprisingly, less severe @entity2488 at initial screening. Eighty percent of the @entity1 with @entity565 who used anti-inflammatory medication still had @entity1224 , but IAO developed less frequently. Smoking was associated with a reduced transfer coefficient but not with the development of IAO. Female sex was associated with a reduced transfer coefficient, whereas @entity228 use was not. CONCLUSIONS: Although IAO and a @entity258 are both characteristics of @entity1030 , they represent distinct entities in adult asthmatics in terms of symptomatology, aetiology, and probably in therapeutic approaches and disease prevention.
