XXXX in Thammasat University Hospital.

@entity1 @entity548 @entity2225 @entity1252 @entity532 @entity4932 @entity1988 @entity16922 @entity177 @entity792
@entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is a common @entity792 in @entity1 . Current standard therapies carry high adverse effects. Refractory @entity1252 to conventional therapies is not uncommon. Rituximab, anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody, has been used as an adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with refractory @entity1252 with limited reports. This study described pediatric @entity1252 @entity1 in a single center, Thailand. To determine the clinical manifestations, treatments, and outcome of @entity1252 @entity1 , the authors retrospectively studied 19 @entity1 (age <15 years) diagnosed with @entity1252 at Thammasat University hospital, from January 01, 2002 through March 31, 2010. The mean age was 12.9 +/- 1.6 years; mean follow-up 3.3 +/- 2.6 years. Seventeen (89.5%) @entity1 were female. Clinical manifestations were hematological (89.5%), dermatologic (73.7%), and renal involvement (68.4%). @entity1252 was diagnosed 1 year after systemic onset @entity4932 in one @entity1 . @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) class II was observed in 30.8%, class III (15.4%), and class IV (53.8%) of @entity1 with @entity1988 . Overall, mean SLEDAI score at presentation was 14.9 +/- 2.2 and significantly decreased to 6.8 +/- 1.6 (p < 0.0001) at 1 month after treatment. Complete remission at 1 year demonstrated in 11 (68.7%) @entity1 . Infection was the most common complication followed by @entity532 . All @entity1 survived during follow-up period. Rituximab induced remission of @entity1252 after refractory diffuse @entity548 in one @entity1 , and rapidly progressive @entity16922 to end @entity177 in one @entity1 . Clinical outcome of pediatric @entity1252 was favorable in the present study. Complications from corticosteroid and anti-inflammatory therapy were high. Rituximab may be a good adjunctive therapy for refractory @entity1252 in @entity1 . Large controlled trials to establish safety profile and optimal regimen of rituximab in childhood @entity1252 are required.
