@entity1211 is an unlikely cause of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity3780 @entity2287 @entity1211 @entity15 @entity922
BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) has recently been implicated as the primary cause of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of @entity1211 in @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed selective extracranial venography on 42 @entity1 with early @entity15 (EMS): @entity922 ( @entity922 ) or @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) of less than 5 years duration, and @entity15 ( @entity15 ): @entity3780 of more than 10 years duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical relapse data were reviewed for all @entity1 with @entity1211 . RESULTS: @entity1211 was present in 7/29 @entity1 with EMS and 12/13 @entity1 with @entity15 , a highly significant statistical difference (p< 0.001). Only 3/42 @entity1 (all in the @entity15 group) had two vessel stenoses, while the rest had only one vessel involved. @entity1211 was seen in 1/11 @entity1 with @entity922 compared with 6/18 @entity3780 @entity1 of less than 5 years duration. Disease duration was greater in @entity1 with @entity1211 overall (p < 0.005). @entity15 remained an independent predictor of @entity1211 following multivariate adjustment for gender, age at disease onset and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 29 (3-298); p = 0.005]. Within the EMS group, @entity1 with (n = 7) and without (n = 22) @entity1211 had similar EDSS and disease duration, suggesting similar disease severity. No clear correlation could be found between site of @entity1211 and anatomic localization of either clinical relapses or MRI @entity2287 -enhancing lesions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1211 is an unlikely cause of @entity15 since it is not present in most @entity1 early in the disease and rarely involves more than one extracranial vein. It is likely to be a late secondary phenomenon.
