Improved understanding of XXXX by incorporating measures of functional anatomy.

@entity1 @entity1545 @entity64 @entity1188 @entity21 @entity130
@entity130 is often used to describe a brain insult. However, this approach assumes cortical equivalency and ignores the special importance that certain cortical regions have in the generation of behaviour. We hypothesized that incorporating knowledge of normal brain functional anatomy into the description of a motor @entity21 would provide an improved framework for understanding consequent behavioural effects. Anatomical scanning was performed in 21 @entity1 with a chronic @entity64 that involved the sensorimotor cortex. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to generate separate average activation maps for four tasks including hand, shoulder and face motor tasks in 14 controls. For each task, group average maps for contralateral sensorimotor cortex activation were generated. Injury to these maps was measured by superimposing each @entity1 's @entity1188 . These measurements were then correlated with behavioural assessments. In bivariate analyses, injury to fMRI maps correlated with behavioural assessments more strongly than total @entity1188 volume. For example, performance on the Purdue pegboard test by the @entity64 -affected hand correlated with the fraction of hand motor map injured (r = -0.79) more strongly than with @entity1188 volume (r = -0.60). In multiple linear regression analyses, measures of functional map injury, but not @entity1188 volume, remained as significant explanatory variables for behavioural assessments. Injury to >37% of the hand motor map was associated with total loss of hand motor function. Hand and shoulder motor maps showed considerable spatial overlap (63%) and similar behavioural consequences of injury to each map, while hand and face motor maps showed limited overlap (10.4%) and disparate behavioural consequences of injury to each map. Lesion effects support current models of broad, rather than focal, sensorimotor cortex somatotopic representation. In the current cross-sectional study, incorporating an understanding of normal tissue function into lesion measurement provided improved insights into the behavioural consequences of focal @entity1545 .
