Integrative review: postcraniotomy @entity1313 XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1545 @entity390 @entity1313 @entity391 @entity158 @entity282
AIM: To conduct an integrative review to examine evidence of @entity158 and associated symptoms in adult (>= 21  years of age), postcraniotomy, @entity1313 @entity1 hospitalized on intensive care units. BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers believe craniotomies are less @entity158 . Understanding how @entity158 unfolds over time will help inform @entity1 care and aid in future research and policy development. DESIGN: Systematic literature search to identify relevant literature. Information abstracted using the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms' concepts of influencing factors, symptom clusters and @entity1 performance. Inclusion criteria were indexed, peer-reviewed, full-length, English-language articles. Keywords were 'traumatic @entity1545 ', ' @entity158 , post-operative', ' @entity1545 ', ' @entity282 ', 'craniotomy', 'decompressive craniectomy' and 'trephining'. DATA SOURCES: Medline, OVID, PubMed and CINAHL databases from 2000-2014. REVIEW METHOD: Cooper's five-stage integrative review method was used to assess and synthesize literature. RESULTS: The search yielded 115 manuscripts, with 26 meeting inclusion criteria. Most studies were randomized, controlled trials conducted outside of the United States. All tested pharmacological @entity158 interventions. Postcraniotomy @entity1313 @entity158 was well-documented and associated with @entity390 , @entity391 and changes in blood pressure, and it impacted the @entity1 's length of hospital stay, but there was no consensus for how best to treat such @entity158 . CONCLUSION: The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms provided structure to the search. @entity158 is experienced by @entity1 , but associated symptoms and impact on @entity1 performance remain poorly understood. Further research is needed to improve understanding and management of @entity158 in this population.
