A theoretical and empirical review of psychological factors associated with falls-related psychological concerns in community-dwelling older XXXX .

@entity1 @entity308 @entity998 @entity148 @entity3457
BACKGROUND: Four constructs are encompassed by the term "falls-related psychological concerns" (FrPC); "fear of falling" ( @entity998 ), "falls-related self-efficacy" ( @entity998 ), "balance confidence" (BC) and "outcome expectancy" (OE). FrPC are associated with negative consequences including physical, psychological, and social. Identifying factors associated with FrPC could inform interventions to reduce these concerns. METHODS: Sixty-two empirical papers relating to psychological factors associated with FrPC in community-dwelling older @entity1 (CDOP) were reviewed. Four levels of evidence were used when evaluating the literature: good, moderate, tentative, and none. RESULTS: Evidence that @entity148 predicted @entity998 , BC, and OE was tentative. Moderate evidence was found for @entity148 predicting @entity998 . Good evidence was found for @entity308 predicting @entity998 . Moderate evidence was found for @entity308 predicting both @entity998 and BC. No evidence was found for @entity308 predicting OE. Tentative evidence was found for @entity998 predicting @entity308 . Good and moderate evidence was found for quality of life (QoL) being predicted by @entity998 and BC respectively. Tentative evidence was found for @entity998 predicting QoL. Moderate evidence was found for QoL predicting both @entity998 and BC. No evidence was found for QoL predicting @entity998 . Good and moderate evidence was found for activity avoidance/restriction (AA/AR) being predicted by @entity998 and @entity998 respectively. Tentative evidence was found for BC and OE predicting AA/AR, as well as for AA/AR predicting @entity998 . Moderate evidence for @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) predicting @entity998 was identified, however the evidence of this predicting @entity998 and BC was tentative. Evidence for @entity998 , @entity998 , and BC predicting @entity3457 was tentative as was evidence to suggest @entity998 predicted coping. CONCLUSIONS: Mixed evidence has been found for the association of psychological factors in association with FrPCs. Future research should employ theoretically grounded concepts, use multivariate analysis and longitudinal designs.
