XXXX and @entity3390 decrease @entity934 release in the pontine reticular formation, slow breathing, and disrupt sleep.

@entity1 @entity1024 @entity29570 @entity12781 @entity42758 @entity3652 @entity1617 @entity143 @entity3390 @entity934
STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity3652 induces a dissociated state of consciousness by binding to the @entity12781 binding site within the ion channel gated by the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor. The brain regions and neurotransmitter systems mediating @entity3652 -induced alterations in arousal remain incompletely understood. This study used in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that @entity3652 alters @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release in the medial pontine reticular formation ( @entity29570 ). DESIGN: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release, sleep, and breathing were quantified following systemic @entity3652 administration. Microdialysis was used to deliver the @entity143 -channel blocker @entity3390 ( @entity3390 ) and the R(-)-isomer of @entity3652 into the @entity29570 while measuring @entity1617 release. SETTING: N/A. @entity1 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Systemically administered @entity3652 disrupted normal sleep-cycle organization, reduced @entity29570 @entity1617 release, and significantly slowed rate of breathing. Dialysis delivery of @entity3390 to the @entity29570 significantly decreased respiratory rate and @entity29570 @entity1617 release. Dialysis delivery to the @entity29570 of the @entity42758 isomer significantly decreased @entity29570 @entity1617 release. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity29570 @entity1617 release caused by systemically administered @entity3652 was mimicked by @entity29570 dialysis delivery of @entity3390 and the R(-)- @entity3652 isomer. These data are consistent with the conclusion that systemically administered @entity3652 may alter arousal and breathing, in part, by altering cholinergic neurotransmission in the @entity29570 .
