Nightmares and Suicide in XXXX : The Mediating Role of Defeat, Entrapment, and Hopelessness.

@entity1 @entity308 @entity146 @entity1005 @entity130 @entity22
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Although nightmares appear to be related to @entity146 , the mechanisms which underpin this relationship are unknown. We sought to address this gap by examining a multiple mediation hypothesis whereby nightmares were predicted to have an indirect effect on @entity146 through perceptions of defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness. METHODS: Data were collected from 91 @entity1 who had experienced @entity130 and symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). Nightmares were measured by summing the frequency and intensity ratings of relevant items on the Clinician-Administered @entity1005 Scale. @entity1 also completed questionnaire measures of suicidal behavior, hopelessness, defeat, and entrapment. Given the interrelations between @entity22 , @entity1005 , and suicide, a measure of @entity22 was included as a covariate. Furthermore, analyses were conducted with and without those @entity1 who had comorbid @entity308 . RESULTS: Suicidal behaviors were higher in those @entity1 who experienced nightmares (62%), in comparison to those who did not (20%). Bootstrapped analyses provided support for the hypothesized multistep mediational model. Specifically, nightmares were both directly and indirectly associated with @entity146 , through perceptions of defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness, independent of comorbid @entity22 and @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: For the first time we show that the relationship between nightmares and @entity146 is partially mediated by a multistep pathway via defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness. Clinically, our work highlights the importance of monitoring and targeting nightmares and perceptions of defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness when working with clients who have experienced @entity130 .
