Laparoscopic evaluation of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity249 @entity46 @entity9814 @entity432 @entity546
BACKGROUND: @entity249 is inability to ensure @entity1 bearing when it is wanted. Prevalence of @entity249 in industrialised countries has been quoted as 20%, and seems to be on the rise. Traditional way to assess the uterine cavity, tubal structure and tubal patency was hysterosalpingography but it has now been largely superseded by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of laparoscopy in establishing diagnosis of @entity9814 . METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in Gynaecology Unit of Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan from 28th August 2000 to 1st July 2001. Total 200 sub-fertile @entity1 attended the gynaecology OPD. Out of these 30 @entity1 were selected for laparoscopy and dye test who were suspected cases of @entity46 , abnormal HSG and unexplained @entity249 . Those @entity1 who had medical disorders and contraindication for laparoscopy were excluded from study. Detailed history of every @entity1 was recorded on a proforma and physical examination was performed. Laparoscopy was scheduled in proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Data were analysed using SPSS 11. Frequency and percentages were calculated to describe the results. RESULTS: Out of 200 sub-fertile @entity1 total 30 @entity1 were selected for laparoscopy. Twenty (66%) @entity1 were in @entity249 group while 10 (33%) @entity1 were in secondary @entity249 group. Eleven (55%) @entity1 of @entity249 belong to age group of 18-25 years while 6 (60%) @entity1 of secondary @entity249 belong to age group of 26-33 years (TABLE 1). Mean duration of sub fertility at time of presentation in @entity249 group was 1.95 years while in secondary @entity249 was 2.70 years (Table 2). In @entity249 group main associated symptoms were dysmenorrhoeal in 8 (40%), irregular cycles 5 (25%), and @entity546 in 4 (20%). In secondary @entity249 group 3 (30%) @entity1 had dysmenorrhoeal and @entity546 while 2 (20%) had irregular cycles. The commonest cause observed in @entity1 with @entity249 was @entity46 spots which accounted for 11 (55%). In @entity432 was more common which accounted for 3 (30%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic procedures are less invasive, more convenient and more precise for diagnosis of @entity249 in @entity1 .
