Detection of cervical XXXX : reducing the risk of error.

@entity1 @entity1496 @entity548 @entity5 @entity189 @entity5280 @entity850
In cytology studies false negative smears range from 1.8% to 20% due to different levels of cytologic expertise and of material presented to the pathologist. Only 6% of in situ @entity189 of the cervix have an abnormal gross appearance so routine multiple biopsies are needed. Schiller's test, using a weak aqueous solution of @entity1496 , leaves an area of @entity189 unstained but colors normal cervical epithelium a dark brown. However, not all areas which fail to stain represent foci of @entity5 . Multiple biopsies and endocervical curettage are required, particularly to detect lesions not involving the portio. Conization is the most accurate method for evaluating the suspicious cervix. 80 histo logic sections should be examined from each cervix specimen. Complicati ons of conization may be @entity548 , @entity850 , uterine perforation, and @entity5280 . Only after 4-6 weeks does @entity5280 cease to be a significant risk. When done during pregnancy, conization may cause a fetal loss of 15%. Colposcopy has a low false-negative rate but cannot detect lesions inside the cervical canal. It is the best method of clinical evaluation of @entity1 with abnormal cytological smears, particularly during pregnancy. A colposcopic diagnosis is based on an evaluation of vascular pattern, intercapillary distance, surface contour, color tone, and clarity of demarcation. Where colposcopic examination is unsatisfactory and cytology is positive, conization is indicated. The final diagnosis depends on the histology of the directed biopsy.
