Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in @entity164 2 XXXX @entity1 with @entity101 : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

@entity1 @entity64 @entity101 @entity6 @entity167 @entity633 @entity164 @entity1011 @entity583 @entity65 @entity165
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity1011 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity1011 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity65 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity167 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , hemoglobin, @entity633 and prior @entity65 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity1011 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity1011 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity1011 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity1011 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity1011 was a major independent risk factor for @entity65 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).
