[ XXXX in heavy metal intoxications].

@entity1 @entity8 @entity82 @entity101 @entity1494 @entity4295 @entity5052 @entity23124 @entity3409 @entity177 @entity1986 @entity1011 @entity4434 @entity528 @entity130
The kidney is one of the organs susceptible to heavy metal intoxication. The total body burden and "saturation" level in renal tissue are important limiting factors to the onset of @entity8 . Acute or chronic exposure to many of heavy metals can induce renal @entity130 , including @entity4295 , chronic @entity1986 , @entity4434 , @entity8 , @entity8 without morphological changes. Chronic @entity3409 intoxication can cause irreversible @entity4434 with chronic @entity1986 . Both urinary low-molecular weight protein excretion and urinary @entity3409 excretion (greater than 200-400 ppm) are the most reliable earlier markers of @entity130 in chronic @entity3409 intoxication. The role of metallothionein is central to an understanding of @entity3409 -induced @entity8 . Acute lead intoxication in @entity1 can cause reversible @entity4434 . @entity101 , @entity5052 , and elevated serum @entity1011 , without @entity4434 , are clinical manifestations of chronic lead exposure in adults. Nuclear inclusion body in proximal tubular cell is characteristic. Chronic exposure to inorganic @entity23124 can cause @entity177 without @entity1494 , due to @entity528 and @entity82 , mainly in the thick ascending limb of Henle and distal tubulus.
