Nonsurgical management of primary XXXX . Retrospective analysis of 40 cases.

@entity1 @entity1087 @entity648 @entity3885 @entity201
Forty @entity1 with @entity201 (23 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) underwent nonsurgical palliative biliary drainage over a period of 12 years. All were surgically unfit or had unresectable disease. All were @entity1087 at presentation with a mean serum @entity648 of 11.5 +/- 1.9 mg/dl. Thirty @entity1 (75%) had @entity3885 . Twenty-eight were drained percutaneously, three endoscopically and nine by a combined endoscopic and percutaneous procedure. Technical success was 97.5%. Final mean @entity648 was 1.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dl. Minor complications occurred in 10 (25%) @entity1 , and major complications in four (10%). Procedure-related mortality was 2.5% with a 30-day mortality of 7.5%. Mean survival was 8.2 +/- 0.5 months. Stent changes were required in eight @entity1 . In @entity1 with inoperable or unresectable @entity201 , percutaneous or endoscopic biliary drainage offers effective palliation.
