Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic XXXX -oxidizing bacterium 'Candidatus Brocadia sinica'.

@entity1 @entity1568 @entity1042 @entity3542 @entity505 @entity3104 @entity3151 @entity1068
The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic @entity3104 oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a @entity1568 removal rate of 26.0 kg N m(-3) day(-1). The anammox bacteria were identified as representing 'Candidatus Brocadia sinica' on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of @entity3104 oxidation and @entity3542 reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate ( (max)) was 0.0041 h(-1), corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (K(s)) for @entity3104 and @entity3542 of 'Ca. B. sinica' were 28  4 and 86  4   M, respectively, higher than those of 'Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans' and 'Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis'. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25-45   C and pH 6.5-8.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of @entity3542 (50% inhibition at 16 mM), @entity1068 (91% at 1 mM) and @entity1042 (86% at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70% of baseline in the presence of 20 mM @entity3151 and 3% salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic @entity505 production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol NH (+)(-4))(-1), respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and @entity1 -made ecosystems.
