Awake surgery in low-grade XXXX harboring eloquent areas: 3-year mean follow-up.

@entity1 @entity410 @entity5 @entity73 @entity11 @entity51
Low-grade @entity11 are slow-growing @entity5 invading eloquent areas and white matter pathways. For many decades these @entity5 were considered inoperable because of their high tropism for eloquent areas. However, the young age of the @entity1 and the inescapable anaplastic transformation have recently suggested more aggressive treatments. We analyzed the neurological and neuro-oncological outcome of 12 @entity1 who underwent surgery fully awake for the resection of LGG, harboring eloquent areas. 10 right- and 2 left-handed @entity1 underwent pre-operative assessment: Karnofsky Performance Status, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Score; neuropsychological and neurophysiological evaluations, according to the @entity5 location. During surgery we performed: sensory-motor-evoked potentials, continuous electro-corticography and bipolar/monopolar cortico-subcortical mapping during neuropsychological tests. The resection rate was calculated with neuro-imaging elaboration software. No permanent @entity51 were reported; 2 @entity1 improved after surgery. No @entity73 was reported. The KPS improved in 8 @entity1 and was steady in the others. The mean resection rate was 78.3%. The resection allowed the control of pre-operative @entity410 without increasing the drug intake. Awake surgery allowed a good resection rate despite the eloquent location of the @entity5 , without post-operative deficit. The neuropsychological outcome was unchanged after surgery. The resection seems to improve @entity410 control. All the @entity1 came back to normal life and work. In conclusion, awake surgery is reliable and feasible in removal of LGG, even if invading the main eloquent areas and networks. All the @entity1 experienced a normal life after surgery, without @entity51 .
