Developmental changes in large-scale network connectivity in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity2597 @entity245 @entity2438 @entity72
BACKGROUND: Disrupted cortical connectivity is thought to underlie the complex cognitive and behavior profile observed in individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). Previous neuroimaging research has identified patterns of both functional hypo- and @entity2597 in individuals with @entity72 . A recent theory attempting to reconcile conflicting results in the literature proposes that @entity2597 of brain networks may be more characteristic of young @entity1 with @entity72 , while hypo-connectivity may be more prevalent in adolescents and adults with the disorder when compared to @entity245 ( @entity245 ) (Uddin etal., 2013). Previous work has examined only young @entity1 , mixed groups of @entity1 and adolescents, or adult cohorts in separate studies, leaving open the question of developmental influences on functional brain connectivity in @entity72 . METHODS: The current study tests this developmental hypothesis by examining within- and between-network resting state functional connectivity in a large sample of 26 @entity1 , 28 adolescents, and 18 adults with @entity72 and age- and IQ-matchedTD individuals for the first time using an entirely data-driven approach. Independent component analyses (ICA) and dual regression was applied to data from three age cohorts to examine the effects of @entity1 age on patterns of within-networkwhole-brain functional connectivity in individuals with @entity72 compared with @entity245 individuals. Between-network connectivity differences were examined for each age cohort by comparing correlations between ICA components across groups. RESULTS: We find that in the youngest cohort (age 11 and under), @entity1 with @entity72 exhibit @entity2597 within large-scale brain networks as well as decreased between-network connectivity compared with age-matchedTD @entity1 . In contrast, adolescents with @entity72 (age 11-18) do not differ from @entity245 adolescents in within-network connectivity, yet show decreased between-network connectivity compared with @entity245 adolescents. Adults with @entity72 show no within- or between-network differences in functional network connectivity compared with neurotypical age-matched individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing within- and between-network functional connectivity in age-stratified cohorts of individuals with @entity72 and @entity245 individuals demonstrates that functional connectivity atypicalities in the disorder are not uniform across the lifespan. These results demonstrate how explicitly characterizing @entity1 age and adopting a developmental perspective can lead to a more nuanced understanding of atypicalities of functional brain connectivity in @entity2438 .
