XXXX is a pathological feature of @entity146 in @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy.

@entity1 @entity263 @entity146 @entity3121 @entity3 @entity204 @entity1486
We examined whether invasion of lymphatic and/or vascular vessels (LVI), or perineural spaces ( @entity3121 ) is associated with @entity263 features and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 630 consecutive @entity1 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. LVI and @entity3121 examination was part of the routine specimen evaluation. RESULTS: Foci of LVI were identified in 32 @entity1 (5%) and 381 (60.5%) had @entity3121 . LVI and @entity3121 were associated with clinical stage T2 disease, higher biopsy and final Gleason sum, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins and a higher percent of positive biopsy cores (p <0.001). LVI was associated with @entity3 to regional lymph nodes and higher preoperative serum @entity1486 (p <0.001 and 0.004, respectively). @entity3121 and LVI were associated with an increased risk of rapid biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy on univariate (p <0.001 and 0.001, respectively) but not on multivariate analysis. LVI was associated with shorter @entity1486 doubling time after biochemical progression (p = 0.012) and higher probabilities of failed local salvage radiation therapy (p = 0.0169), distant @entity3 (p <0.001) and @entity204 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Only LVI is associated with @entity3 to regional and distant sites, and most importantly with overall survival. LVI and @entity3121 are associated with established markers of @entity146 and rapid biochemical progression in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Our findings support the routine evaluation of LVI status in radical prostatectomy specimens and its inclusion in predictive models for clinical outcomes, since it appears to be a pathological marker of the lethal phenotype of @entity263 .
