Cross-sectional study of the sperm quality in semen samples from spinal cord injured XXXX after long-term cryopreservation.

@entity1566 @entity1 @entity1688
UNASSIGNED: The deterioration of semen quality occurs very early after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Thus, routine cryopreservation of semen early after injury has been recommended. However, there is currently a lack of data concerning the effects of long-term cryopreservation on the quality of spermatozoa from @entity1566 @entity1 . We have therefore investigated the quality of spermatozoa from @entity1566 @entity1 before and after long-term cryopreservation. The semen cryobank of a @entity1566 rehabilitation center was screened for samples with a storage duration of more than 3  years, to carry out a cross-sectional study regarding the sperm quality of semen samples from @entity1566 @entity1 . Semen quality analysis was carried out according to the WHO-Guidelines. The quality of 28 semen samples from 16 @entity1566 @entity1 was investigated prior to and a median 11  years (95% CI 7-13  years) after cryopreservation. Prior to cryopreservation, ejaculate volume (median  =  1.7  mL, 95% CI 1-3  mL) and sperm concentration (median  =  106  *  10(6) /mL, 95% CI 82-132  *  10(6) /mL) were within normal limits, but total sperm motility (median  =  19%, 95% CI 13-22%) and viability (median  =  27%, 95% CI 19-45%) were reduced. Cryopreservation resulted in a significant (p  <  0.0001) decrease in total sperm motility (median  =  2.5%, 95% CI 0-4%) and viability (median  =  7%, 95% CI 6-13%). There were no significant (p  =  0.75) differences between the semen parameters of samples collected early (up to 3  weeks) after @entity1566 and those collected later. Complete @entity1566 had a significantly (p  <  0.0001) negative effect on the sperm viability of the fresh semen samples, and @entity1688 had a significantly (p  <  0.035) negative effect on both pre-cryopreservation sperm viability and post-cryopreservation motility. The assisted ejaculation technique had no significant (p  >  0.053) effect on semen quality. Long-term cryopreservation of semen from @entity1566 @entity1 results in essentially immotile sperm with minimal viability. Thus, routine long-term cryobanking of semen harvested early after @entity1566 cannot be recommended.
