An Unprecedented High Incidence of XXXX in Futuna, South Pacific, 2004 - 2014, Evidenced by Retrospective Analysis of Surveillance Data.

@entity1 @entity1707 @entity115 @entity2926 @entity20737
Futuna is a small Polynesian island in the South Pacific with a population of 3,612 in 2013. The first @entity1 @entity2926 case was confirmed in 1997. Active surveillance started in 2004. Cases were confirmed by PCR or real time PCR, or by serology using MAT or a combination of IgM-ELISA and MAT. A retrospective analysis of surveillance data shows that the disease was endemic with a mean annual incidence of 844 cases per 100,000 over an 11-year period from 2004 to 2014. An epidemic peak as high as 1,945 cases per 100,000 occurred in 2008. Serogroup Australis was predominant until 2007, Icterohaemorrhagiae was dominant afterwards. Cluster analysis revealed different hot spots over time. Lifestyle habits, such as walking barefoot in irrigated @entity20737 fields or @entity1707 pens probably contributed to contamination from the @entity1707 and rodent reservoirs to @entity1 . Severe forms were rare, and the case fatality rate was 0.5%. The medical community and general population were aware of @entity2926 and rapid treatment with @entity115 was the main treatment, probably contributing to this low fatality rate.
