Prediction of flocculation ability of brewing XXXX inoculates by flow cytometry, proteome analysis, and mRNA profiling.

@entity70845 @entity56300 @entity70846 @entity3913 @entity375 @entity413
The ability of brewing @entity375 to flocculate is an important feature for brewing of qualitatively good beer. Flocculation involves two main cell wall structures, which are the flocculation proteins (flocculins) and mannans, to which these flocculins bind. Unfortunately, in practice, the flocculation ability may get lost after several repitches. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze @entity413 and @entity3913 structures of the cell surface by application of fluorescent lectins. Validation of the expression of the flocculin genes Lg- @entity56300 , @entity56300 , @entity70845 , and @entity70846 was carried out using microarray techniques. SDS-PAGE, western blot, and ESI-MS/MS analyses served to isolate and determine @entity375 cell flocculins. @entity3913 and @entity413 labeling with fluorescent lectins allowed differentiating powdery and flocculent @entity375 cells under laboratory conditions. Using microarray techniques and proteomics, the four flocculation genes Lg- @entity56300 , @entity56300 , @entity70845 , @entity70846 , and the protein Lg- @entity56300 were identified as factors of major importance for flocculation. The expression of the genes was several times higher in flocculent @entity375 cells than in powdery ones. Flow cytometry is a fast and simple method to quantify the proportions of powdery and flocculent @entity375 cells in suspensions under defined cultivation conditions. However, differentiation under industrial conditions will require mRNA and protein expression profiling.
