Developmental mechanisms of @entity4250 @entity137 in XXXX ( @entity3392 ) embryos.

@entity4250 @entity137 @entity851 @entity600 @entity3392 @entity3494 @entity1168 @entity7249
@entity3494 usually accumulates in soil, water and airborne particles, from which it is taken up by various organisms. Exposure to @entity3494 through food and drinking water is a major public health problem affecting some countries. At present there are limited laboratory data on the effects of @entity3494 exposure on early embryonic development and the mechanisms behind its @entity137 . In this study, we used @entity3392 as a model system to investigate the effects of @entity4250 on early development. @entity3392 embryos were exposed to a range of @entity7249 concentrations (0-10.0mM) between 4 and 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Survival and early development of the embryos were not obviously influenced by @entity4250 concentrations below 0.5mM. However, embryos exposed to higher concentrations (0.5-10.0mM) displayed reduced survival and abnormal development including delayed hatching, @entity851 and changed morphology. Alterations in neural development included weak tactile responses to light (2.0-5.0mM, 30hpf), @entity600 of the spinal cord and disordered motor axon projections (2.0mM, 48hpf). Abnormal cardiac function was observed as @entity1168 (0.5-2.0mM, 60hpf) and altered ventricular shape (2.0mM, 48hpf). Furthermore, altered cell proliferation (2.0mM, 24hpf) and apoptosis status (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf), as well as abnormal genomic DNA methylation patterning (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf) were detected in the @entity4250 -treated embryos. All of these indicate a possible relationship between @entity3494 exposure and developmental failure in early embryogenesis. Our studies suggest that the negative effects of @entity3494 on vertebrate embryogenesis are substantial.
