Apoptosis and @entity82 are early features of @entity712 in an animal model of XXXX .

@entity14694 @entity82 @entity712 @entity3229 @entity296 @entity19 @entity185 @entity9308
In previous experiments, we observed signs of @entity712 in @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 ( @entity14694 ) under the control of a muscle specific promotor and in peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha ( @entity3229 ) knockout @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 under the control of the same promotor. In our current investigations, we focussed on morphological consequences and changes in mRNA and protein expression in hearts from these animals. mRNA expression was analysed by differential display analysis and Northern blot as well as by cDNA microarray analysis followed by pathway analysis. Protein expression was examined using immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. @entity82 was determined by chromotrope @entity9308 blue staining for collagen. A distinct increase in the expression of alpha-tubulin mRNA was noted in hearts of all mutant @entity19 strains compared with the control. This result was paralleled by increased alpha-tubulin protein expression. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we detected an activation of apoptosis, in particular an increase of @entity185 expression in hearts of @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 but not in @entity3229 knockout @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 . This finding was confirmed immunohistochemically. In addition, we identified a distinct interstitial increase in collagen and an increase around blood vessels. In our @entity19 model, we detect mRNA and protein changes typical for @entity296 even before overt clinical signs of @entity712 . In addition, a small but distinct increase in the rate of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic changes contributes to @entity712 in @entity19 overexpressing @entity14694 , whereas additional deficiency in @entity3229 seems to protect hearts from these effects.
