Creams Formulated with Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lantana camara L. Crude Extracts and Fractions as Mosquito Repellents Against XXXX L. (Diptera: Culicidae).

@entity1 @entity6565 @entity4315 @entity4224 @entity1046 @entity1042 @entity311 @entity1324 @entity56 @entity2480 @entity22073
Mosquitoes are the most deadly vectors of parasites that cause diseases such as @entity311 , @entity22073 , and @entity6565 . In view of the recent increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides, the objective of this study was to determine the repellent activity of creams formulated with @entity1042 crude extract (MCE), @entity4315 fraction (HF), and @entity1046 fractions (EAFs) of Ocimum gratissimum and Lantana camara leaves in single and combined actions against female @entity4224 . Evaluation was carried out in the net cages (30 by 30 by 30   cm) containing 60 blood-starved female mosquitoes each and were assayed in the @entity2480 following World Health Organization 2009 protocol. All formulations (single and mixture) were applied at 2, 4, 6, and 8   mg/cm(2) in the exposed area of @entity1 hands. Only @entity1324   +   white soft paraffin served as negative control and odomos (12% DEET) as positive control. All the formulations presented good protection against mosquito bites without any @entity56 by the @entity1 volunteers. The repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the extracts and fractions. Among the tested formulations, the maximum protection time was observed in MCE (120   min) and EAF (150   min) of O. gratissimum; MCE:MCE (150   min) and HF:HF (120   min) mixtures of both plants. In addition, MCE:MCE and HF:HF mixtures from both plants showed possible synergistic effect. From the results, the combination of O. gratissimum and L. camara to formulate natural mosquito repellent using small amount of extracts can be encouraging to be an alternative to conventional DEET.
