Role of smoking and HbA1c level in periodontitis among insulin-dependent XXXX @entity1 .

@entity1 @entity6730 @entity6 @entity1608 @entity1726
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to analyse the role of smoking and HbA1c level in @entity6730 ( @entity6730 ) and probing depths (PDs) among insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND-METHODS: The study subjects were selected from a group of 149 insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 and included 64 @entity1 (39 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 ) aged 30 years or older. Data were obtained from @entity1 records and by clinical examination. The outcome variables were the number of sites with @entity6730 and PDs of 5-9 mm. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression models. RR was adjusted for the number of teeth, dental @entity1608 and age. RESULTS: RR for @entity6730 among the smokers was 4.15 (95% CI: 2.30-7.63) and that for @entity1726 among the smokers was 7.96 (95% CI: 4.91-13.19). HbA1c was not related to @entity6730 or @entity1726 . Among smokers with HbA1c > 8.5, RR for @entity6730 was 12.34 (95% CI: 4.14-39.35), but RR was not elevated for @entity1726 . CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the poor metabolic control together with smoking is extremely detrimental for @entity6730 .
