Malignant transformation of recurrent @entity1724 associated with integrated @entity1082 type 11 DNA and mutation of XXXX .

@entity825 @entity16850 @entity66 @entity1724 @entity19926 @entity5 @entity957 @entity1185 @entity986 @entity876 @entity1082 @entity3 @entity8276
@entity1724 ( @entity1724 ), usually confined to the nasopharynx, @entity825 , and larynx, occasionally can progress to extensive @entity66 . Most cases of @entity16850 are cytologically benign and do not undergo malignant transformation; however, @entity957 ( @entity957 ) can arise in @entity1724 in the absence of known risk factors such as radiation and smoking. In this study, the authors investigated molecular genetic alterations occurring in a case of metastasizing @entity957 that arose in long-standing @entity1185 . Genomic DNA from @entity8276 , @entity19926 , @entity957 of the lung, and a lymph node @entity3 was extracted. The physical state of the @entity1082 type 11 (HPV-11) DNA was investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Molecular genetic alterations of the host genome were studied by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified gene fragments and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Episomal and integrated forms of HPV-11 sequences were detected in histologically benign @entity5 , but only the integrated form of the viral DNA could be found in malignant tissue samples. Molecular genetic studies revealed that an allelic loss of the interferon-beta gene (IFNbeta-1) and an endogenous type of mutation of the @entity876 antioncogene were found only in the @entity5 . Mutations were not observed in the ras, neu, or multiple @entity5 suppressor ( @entity986 / @entity986 ) genes in any specimens. The authors' data indicated that the @entity876 genetic mutation was associated with integration of HPV-11 in histologically @entity5 . This association may promote a progressive genetic instability that can lead to the development and clonal expansion of @entity5 in @entity1724 .
