Forearm muscle insulin resistance during @entity4053 : role of adrenergic mechanisms and XXXX per se.

@entity1169 @entity4053 @entity880 @entity2661 @entity493 @entity413
The forearm perfusion technique was used 1) to quantify the muscle metabolism of @entity413 and gluconeogenic precursors in response to insulin-induced @entity4053 and 2) to assess the role of @entity2661 and @entity413 concentration, pe se. Insulin (0.5 mU.kg-1.min-1) was infused for 4 h in three groups of healthy volunteers. In group I (n = 6), blood @entity413 (BG) was maintained at its basal level (4.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). In group II (n = 7), BG was allowed to fall to approximately 3 mmol/l. Group III (n = 6) was similar to group II except that @entity1169 was infused also. In addition, at 240 min, @entity4053 was locally corrected by intrabrachial @entity413 infusion while maintaining the systemic milieu unperturbed. In group I, forearm @entity413 uptake (FGU) increased from 4.7 +/- 1.3 to a mean value of 37.8 +/- 5.0 mumol.l-1.min-1, whereas in group II it remained unchanged (8.3 +/- 2.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). In group III, @entity1169 partially prevented the suppression of FGU that increased to 21.6 +/- 5.2 mumol.l-1.min-1 (P < 0.05 vs. group II). Local correction of @entity4053 normalized the FGU response (36.5 +/- 8.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). Muscle release of @entity880 , but not of @entity493 , was slightly higher during @entity4053 (P = not significant). Forearm blood flow remained unchanged in groups I and III, whereas it increased by approximately 40% in group II (P < 0.05). It is concluded that, during mild @entity4053 1) extreme insulin resistance develops in the skeletal muscle, mediated by beta-adrenergic stimulation and reduced @entity413 mass effect and 2) mobilization of gluconeogenic precursors is only weakly activated.
