Evans blue nanocarriers visually demarcate margins of invasive XXXX .

@entity227 @entity5 @entity11 @entity5934 @entity35
Aggressive surgical resection is the primary therapy for @entity11 . However, aggressive resection may compromise functional healthy brain tissue. Currently, there are no objective cues for surgeons to distinguish healthy tissue from @entity5 and determine @entity5 borders; surgeons skillfully rely on subjective means such as tactile feedback. This often results in incomplete resection and recurrence. The objective of the present study was to design, develop, and evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, a nanoencapsulated visible dye for intraoperative, @entity227 margins in an invasive @entity5 model. Liposomal nanocarriers containing @entity5934 (nano-EB) were developed, characterized, and tested for safety in vitro and in vivo. 3RT1 @entity35 A @entity11 cells were implanted into brains of Fischer 344 @entity35 . Nano-EB or EB solution was injected via tail vein into @entity5 -bearing animals. To assess @entity5 staining, tissue samples were analyzed visibly and using fluorescence microscopy. Area, perimeter ratios, and Manders overlap coefficients were calculated to quantify extent of staining. Nano-EB clearly marked @entity5 margins in the invasive @entity5 model. Area ratio of nano-EB staining to @entity5 was 0.89        0.05, perimeter ratio was 0.94        0.04, Manders R was 0.51        0.08, and M1 was 0.97        0.06. @entity5 border inspection under high magnification verified that nano-EB did not stain healthy tissue. Nano-EB clearly aids in distinguishing @entity5 tissue from healthy tissue in an invasive @entity5 model, while injection of unencapsulated EB results in false identification of healthy tissue as @entity5 due to diffusion of dye from the @entity5 into healthy tissue.
