XXXX and bone healing: experimental study in the @entity35 .

@entity1 @entity174 @entity254 @entity177 @entity292 @entity35 @entity2548
The incidence of @entity174 is greater in @entity1 with hemodialysis than in the general population. Surgically created @entity2548 are widely used in end-stage @entity177 @entity1 for the vascular access of hemodialysis. Despite occurrence of @entity174 at the @entity292 site in the forearm, bone mineral density is similar in both arms. The effects of @entity2548 on @entity174 healing have not been widely studied. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that a @entity174 distal to a surgically-created @entity2548 has negative effects in a @entity35 osteotomy model. The tibial bones were @entity174 in a monocortical fashion bilaterally. No fixation method was used. The right side was used as control. On the left side of the @entity35 , a side-to-side arteriovenous @entity254 was done between the common femoral vessels proximal to the @entity174 line under magnification with the operating microscope. Three weeks later, bone segments, including the monocortical osteotomy line, were removed and examined histopathologically. Although the gross appearance of callus formation was not different in both groups, histopathologically, there were more dead medullary bone and less cartilage cells around the osteotomy line in the bone associated with the @entity2548 . But with short-term evaluation of the @entity174 sites after opening an arteriovenous connection proximal to the @entity174 site, no real difference was noted related to @entity174 healing.
