Inhibitory effects of @entity66292 (evening primrose) seed extract on @entity6586 and XXXX -induced @entity1547 in @entity35 .

@entity6586 @entity66292 @entity1547 @entity969 @entity35 @entity6398
BACKGROUND: @entity66292 (evening primrose) seed extract (OBSE) is known to contain @entity6398 , which may possess antioxidant activities. @entity6398 extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit cariostatic activities by inhibiting mutans @entity6586 growth and glucosyltransferase activities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effects of OBSE on the development of @entity1547 , both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: OBSE was investigated for its inhibitory effects on cellular aggregation, hydrophobicity, @entity969 -dependent adherence and insoluble glucan synthesis. Furthermore, biofilm formation was examined in the presence of OBSE, using confocal microscopic imaging. An animal experiment was also performed to examine the in vivo effects. RESULTS: OBSE induced a strong aggregation of @entity6586 MT8148 cells, while cell surface hydrophobicity was decreased by approximately 90% at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The @entity969 -dependent adherence of the MT8148 cells was also reduced by addition of OBSE, with a reduction rate of 73% seen at a concentration of 1.00 mg/ml. Additionally, confocal microscopic observations revealed the biofilm development phase to be remarkably changed in the presence of OBSE. Furthermore, insoluble glucan synthesis was significantly reduced when OBSE was present at concentrations greater than 0.03 mg/ml. In an animal experiment, the caries scores in @entity35 given OBSE (0.05 mg/ml in drinking water) were significantly lower than those in @entity35 given water without OBSE. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that OBSE has inhibitory activity on @entity1547 .
