@entity7291 patterns in XXXX users: Findings in a large urban sample.

@entity1 @entity2520 @entity888 @entity2524 @entity7291
BACKGROUND: The authors used a large community sample of @entity888 (MA) users to verify the patterns and severity of @entity7291 and establish a hierarchy of caries susceptibility by tooth type and tooth surface. METHODS: Using a stratified sampling approach, 571 MA users received comprehensive oral examinations and psychosocial assessments. Three calibrated dentists characterized @entity2520 by using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocols. The authors also collected data on substance use history and other attributes linked to @entity7291 . RESULTS: On all dental outcome measures, MA users evidenced high @entity2520 , with older (>=  30 years) and moderate or heavy MA users disproportionately affected. @entity1 had higher rates of @entity2524 and caries, as well as a greater prevalence of anterior caries. Current cigarette smokers were more likely to manifest 5 or more anterior surfaces with untreated caries and 3 or more teeth with root caries. Nearly 3% were edentulous, and a significant percentage (40%) indicated embarrassment with their dental appearance. CONCLUSIONS: MA users have high rates of @entity2520 and manifest a dose-response relationship, with greater levels of MA use associated with higher rates of @entity7291 . @entity1 and current cigarette smokers are affected disproportionately. The intraoral patterns and hierarchy of caries susceptibility in MA users are distinctive. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The prevalence and patterns of @entity2520 could be used to alert dentists to possible covert MA use and to plan treatment. Concerns about dental appearance have potential as triggers for behavioral interventions.
