A community-based XXXX outbreak after Typhoon Haiyan, Leyte, Philippines, 2013.

@entity1 @entity697 @entity390 @entity294 @entity391 @entity1902 @entity1678 @entity490 @entity221
BACKGROUND: Three weeks after Typhoon Haiyan, an increasing number of @entity697 cases were reported in Kananga, Leyte, an area where evacuated residents had returned home two days after the disaster. An outbreak investigation was conducted to identify the source and risk factors associated with the increase of @entity1902 . METHODS: A case was defined as any @entity1 in Kananga who developed acute @entity294 (>=   3 times/24 hours) and any of the following symptoms: fever, @entity390 , @entity391 or @entity490 from 11 November 2013 to 10 December 2013. Active case finding was conducted by reviewing medical records, and a case-control study was conducted. Rectal swabs and water samples were tested for bacteriological examination. RESULTS: One hundred and five cases were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed that consumption of untreated drinking-water was associated with @entity221 (adjusted odds ratio: 18.2). Both rectal swabs and municipal water samples tested positive for @entity1678 . On inspection of the municipal water system, breaks in the distribution pipes were found with some submerged in river water. CONCLUSION: This @entity697 was most likely caused by @entity1678 and transmitted through a contaminated water source. This study highlights that areas less damaged by a disaster that do not require ongoing evacuation centres can still have @entity697 . All affected areas should be monitored during a disaster response, not just those with evacuation centres. Boiling or chlorinating of water should also be recommended for all areas affected by disaster.
