Accumulation of plasma nucleosomes upon treatment with anti- XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha antibodies.

@entity1 @entity627 @entity39 @entity5 @entity310 @entity1252 @entity204 @entity309
OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) treatment often develop autoantibodies. Apoptotic cell antigens are a potential initiating stimulus for autoantibodies. Our goal was to verify whether anti-cytokine therapy causes the release of nucleosomes, a major autoantigen generated during cell @entity204 . DESIGN: Laboratory research study with comparison group. SETTING: Clinical Immunology Unit and Lab, H San Raffaele University Hospital, Italy. SUBJECTS: Eleven healthy controls and 87 @entity627 @entity1 were studied, including 51 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 33 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). INTERVENTIONS: Vein blood samples were taken via the antecubital vein. Blood was retrieved from 11 @entity1 before and after injection of anti- @entity310 humanized antibodies. Nucleosomes were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell @entity204 induced by anti- @entity310 antibodies and by the soluble cytokine was assessed in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nucleosome level by treatment. RESULTS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay effectively detected nucleosomes either released by dying cells in vitro or circulating in the plasma. @entity1252 but not @entity309 @entity1 had circulating nucleosomes at the steady state. Eight of 11 @entity1 had significantly higher levels of plasma nucleosomes after infliximab. Minute amounts of @entity310 enabled infliximab to induce cell @entity204 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of nucleosomes possibly fosters the development of autoantibodies in subjects with appropriate genetic backgrounds.
