The effect of visual feedback and training in auditory-perceptual judgment of XXXX .

@entity227 @entity1740 @entity2167
UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of visual feedback on rating @entity1740 severity level and the reliability of @entity1740 judgment by inexperienced listeners. For this purpose two training programs were created, each lasting 2 hours. In total 37 undergraduate speech-language therapy students participated in the study and were divided into a visual plus @entity2167 (V   +   @entity2167 ), an @entity2167 ( @entity2167 ), and a control group with no feedback (NF). All listeners completed two rating sessions judging overall severity labeled as grade (G), roughness (R), and breathiness (B). The judged voice samples contained the concatenation of continuous speech and sustained phonation. No significant rater reliability changes were found in the pre- and posttest between the three groups in every GRB-parameter (all p   >   0.05). There was a training effect seen in the significant improvement of rater reliability for roughness within the NF and @entity2167 groups (all p   <   0.05), and for breathiness within the V   +   @entity2167 group (p   <   0.01). The rating of the severity level of roughness changed significantly after the training in the @entity2167 and V   +   @entity2167 groups (p   <   0.01), and the breathiness severity level changed significantly after the training in the V   +   @entity2167 group (p   <   0.01). The training of V   +   @entity2167 and @entity2167 may only minimally influence the reliability in the judgment of @entity1740 but showed significant influence on rating the severity level of GRB parameters. Therefore, the use of both @entity227 while rating as well as longer training sessions may be required to draw a firm conclusion.
