Exercise-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines in muscle and blood of XXXX .

@entity32 @entity1641 @entity10661 @entity39 @entity5 @entity10659 @entity925 @entity34669
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Studies have demonstrated increases in mRNA expression for inflammatory cytokines following exercise in @entity1641 and have suggested those markers of @entity32 may play a role in delayed onset @entity925 . However, measurement of mRNA expression in white blood cells is an indirect method. No studies to date have documented the cytokine response to exercise directly in muscle in @entity1641 . HYPOTHESIS: This study tested the hypothesis that exercise increases cytokine markers of @entity32 in blood and muscle. METHODS: Blood and muscle biopsies were obtained from 4 healthy, unfit Standardbred mares (    500 kg). The randomised crossover experiment was performed with the investigators performing the analysis blind to the treatment. Each @entity1641 underwent either incremental exercise test (GXT) or standing parallel control with the trials performed one month apart. During the GXT @entity1641 ran on a treadmill (1 m/s increases each min until fatigue, 6% grade). Blood and muscle biopsies were obtained 30 min before exercise, immediately after exercise and at 0.5, 1, 2, 6 and 24 h post GXT or at matched time points during the parallel control trials. Samples were analysed using real time-PCR for measurement of mRNA expression of @entity34669 ( @entity34669 ), @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity10659 ), @entity10661 ( @entity10661 ) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Data were analysed using t tests with the null hypothesis rejected when P < 0.10. RESULTS: There were no changes (P > 0.10) in IL-1, @entity10661 , @entity34669 or @entity10659 during control. Exercise induced significant increases in @entity34669 , IL1 and @entity10659 in blood and significant increases in @entity34669 , @entity10661 and @entity10659 in muscle. There were no significant changes in mRNA expression of IL-1 in muscle or @entity10661 in blood following the GXT. These cytokine markers of @entity32 all returned to preGXT levels by 24 h post GXT. CONCLUSION: High intensity exercise results in a transient increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in muscle and blood.
