Analysis of factors affecting spontaneous expulsion of ureteral stones that may predict unfavorable outcomes during watchful waiting periods: What is the influence of XXXX on the ureter?

@entity1 @entity101 @entity6 @entity3041 @entity1011 @entity479
PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of several factors with spontaneous stone expulsion, including ureteral stone characteristics (size, location, @entity3041 , perinephric stranding), types of medications prescribed (a-blocker, low-dose @entity479 ), and other possible demographic and health-history factors (gender, age, serum @entity1011 , underlying @entity6 [ @entity6 ], and @entity101 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 366 @entity1 with ureteral stones were enrolled. All @entity1 underwent watchful waiting without any invasive procedures. Initial diagnoses of ureteral stones were confirmed by computed tomography scans, which were taken at approximately 1-month intervals to check for stone expulsion. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify significant factors that contributed to stone expulsion. RESULTS: Among 366 @entity1 , 335 @entity1 (91.5%) experienced spontaneous stone passage during a mean follow-up period of 2.95  2.62 weeks. The @entity1 were divided into two groups depending on the success of spontaneous stone passage. Univariate analyses revealed that stone location (p=0.003), stone size (p=0.021), and underlying @entity6 (p<0.001) were significant predictors of stone passage. Multivariate analyses confirmed that stone size (p=0.010), stone location (p=0.008), and underlying @entity6 (p=0.003) were independent predictive factors affecting stone passage. CONCLUSIONS: Stone size, location, and underlying @entity6 were confirmed to be significant predictive factors for spontaneous passage of ureteral stones. Urologists should consider active procedures, such as shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy, rather than conservative management in @entity1 presenting with proximally located stones, large ureteral stones, or underlying @entity6 .
