[ XXXX of instability. Causes, treatment options and results].

@entity625 @entity4040 @entity2720 @entity717 @entity528 @entity2065
@entity625 may develop after primary or recurrent @entity2065 or after surgery for stabilization. Postoperatively, the incidence is reported to be from 12% to 62%, depending on different risk factors. There is no certain correlation between the surgical technique and the rate of @entity4040 . Capsulorraphy @entity2720 is biomechanically and clinically a well defined entity. The risk of developing severe @entity4040 of the shoulder following dislocation of the shoulder is between 10 and 20 times greater in comparison to the normal population. Risk factors are the age during the first episode of instability, the age at instability surgery, bony lesions on the humeral head or the glenoid and rotator cuff tears.For mild stages of @entity625 , arthroscopic revision with removal of intraarticular metallic parts, arthroscopic debridement or arthroscopic arthrolysis of an @entity717 might be sufficient. For more severe stages mobilization of the @entity717 and glenohumeral arthroplasty are indicated. With sufficient integrity of the head and glenoid, a surface replacement is adequate. With intact rotator cuff and without bone graft the results for shoulder arthroplasty are comparable to those following primary omarthrosis. With a bone graft at the glenoidal side the risk for implant loosening is 10 times greater. For the functional outcome the quality of the rotator cuff, i.e. the @entity528 , is more predictive than the type of previous surgery or the preoperative @entity717 .
