Plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA methylase in XXXX conferring high-level resistance to @entity581 .

@entity1 @entity5134 @entity801 @entity796 @entity2890 @entity72220 @entity535 @entity3793 @entity4509 @entity581 @entity4028 @entity526
@entity5134 S-95, which displayed an unusually high degree of resistance to @entity581 , including @entity72220 and @entity801 , was isolated in 2002 from a @entity1 in Japan. The resistance was mediated by a large plasmid which was nonconjugative but transferable to an @entity526 recipient by transformation. The gene responsible for the @entity4028 resistance was cloned and sequenced. The deduced @entity535 sequence of the resistance gene shared 82% identity with RmtA, which was recently identified as 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level @entity4028 resistance in @entity796 . @entity3793 -tagged recombinant protein showed methylation activity against @entity526 16S rRNA. The novel @entity4028 resistance gene was therefore designated rmtB. The genetic environment of rmtB was further investigated. The sequence immediately upstream of rmtB contained the right end of transposon Tn3, including bla(TEM), while an open reading frame possibly encoding a transposase was identified downstream of the gene. This is the first report describing 16S rRNA methylase production in @entity5134 . The @entity4028 resistance mechanism mediated by production of 16S rRNA methylase and subsequent ribosomal protection used to be confined to @entity4028 -producing actinomycetes. However, it is now identified among pathogenic bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and @entity796 in Japan. This is a cause for concern since other treatment options are often limited in @entity1 requiring highly potent @entity581 such as @entity4509 and @entity2890 .
