The long-term results of upper dorsal sympathetic ganglionectomy and endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1119
To assess and compare the long-term results of upper dorsal sympathetic ganglionectomy (UDS) and endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS), we examined 84 @entity1 who underwent UDS and 71 @entity1 who underwent ETS for the treatment of palmar @entity1119 . The period of follow-up ranged from 37 to 228 months. The immediate success rate was 100% in the UDS group and 98.6% in the ETS group. Troublesome @entity1119 occurred in 67.8% of the UDS @entity1 and 84.8% of the ETS @entity1 ; however, 55% of the UDS @entity1 and 63% of the ETS @entity1 felt satisfied with their operation. The main reasons for dissatisfaction were recurrence and @entity1119 . Interestingly, simultaneous cure of plantar @entity1119 occurred in 28 (40%) of the UDS @entity1 and 28 (44%) of the ETS @entity1 with @entity1119 . ETS required both a shorter operation time and hospital stay than UDS. Thus, we now perform ETS as the treatment of choice because of its excellent illumination and adequate magnification via a minimally invasive approach. The use of ETS as the first choice of treatment for palmar @entity1119 is supported not only by the immediate results, complications, and cure of plantar @entity1119 , but also by the long-term results. Nevertheless, @entity1119 was also a major complication after ETS.
