Delayed administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects against XXXX in the @entity35 .

@entity64 @entity75 @entity1779 @entity35 @entity528 @entity19646
The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated in ischaemic, excitotoxic and traumatic @entity75 in rodents. The naturally occurring @entity19646 ( @entity19646 ) markedly reduces @entity528 in these conditions. However, the effects of @entity19646 on focal, @entity1779 in the @entity35 , which is of major clinical relevance, have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to test the effects of @entity19646 on cell death after @entity1779 , and to investigate the therapeutic time window for @entity19646 treatment. Ischaemia was induced by temporary (60 min) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in @entity35 , via surgical insertion (and subsequent removal) of a thread into the internal carotid artery. Damage was quantified at various times after MCAO to investigate the temporal progression of damage and establish an appropriate time to assess the effects of @entity19646 on cell death. Cell death was complete 18-24 h after temporary MCAO. Intracerebroventricular injection of @entity19646 (10 microg) at the time of MCAO and 60 min later reduced the lesion volume measured 24 h (57% reduction) or 48 h (52% reduction) after MCAO. Cell death was also significantly reduced when @entity19646 (20 microg) was administered as a single injection, 1 h (47%), 2 h (57%) or 3 h (46%) after MCAO, when compared to vehicle. These data show that @entity19646 markedly reduces cell death even when administration is delayed until 3 h after induction of reversible, focal @entity1779 in the @entity35 , and support our proposal that @entity19646 may be of therapeutic benefit in @entity64 .
