Relationships between diet-related changes in the gut microbiome and XXXX .

@entity19 @entity73 @entity1735 @entity969 @entity148 @entity435
UNASSIGNED: Western diets are high in fat and @entity969 and can influence behavior and gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that altering the microbiome can influence the brain and behavior. This study was designed to determine whether diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota could contribute to alterations in @entity148 , @entity73 . Two-month-old, male C57BL/6 @entity19 were randomly assigned high-fat (42% fat, 43% @entity1735 ( @entity435 ), high- @entity969 (12% fat, 70% @entity435 (primarily @entity969 ) or normal chow (13% kcal fat, 62% @entity435 ) diets. Fecal microbiome analysis, step-down latency, novel object and novel location tasks were performed prior to and 2weeks after diet change. Water maze testing for long- and short-term memory and @entity73 was conducted during weeks 5-6 post-diet change. Some similarities in alterations in the microbiome were seen in both the high-fat and high- @entity969 diets (e.g., increased Clostridiales), as compared to the normal diet, but the percentage decreases in Bacteroidales were greater in the high- @entity969 diet @entity19 . Lactobacillales was only significantly increased in the high- @entity969 diet group and Erysipelotrichales was only significantly affected by the high-fat diet. The high- @entity969 diet group was significantly impaired in early development of a spatial bias for long-term memory, short-term memory and reversal training, compared to @entity19 on normal diet. An increased focus on the former platform position was seen in both high- @entity969 and high-fat groups during the reversal probe trials. There was no significant effect of diet on step-down, exploration or novel recognitions. Higher percentages of Clostridiales and lower expression of Bacteroidales in high-energy diets were related to the poorer @entity73 in the reversal trials. These results suggest that changes in the microbiome may contribute to cognitive changes associated with eating a Western diet.
