Skeletal muscle repair by adult XXXX mesenchymal stem cells from synovial membrane.

@entity1 @entity1555 @entity19 @entity625
We have demonstrated previously that adult @entity1 synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hSM-MSCs) have myogenic potential in vitro (De Bari, C., F. Dell'Accio, P. Tylzanowski, and F.P. Luyten. 2001. @entity625 Rheum. 44:1928-1942). In the present study, we have characterized their myogenic differentiation in a nude @entity19 model of skeletal muscle regeneration and provide proof of principle of their potential use for muscle repair in the mdx @entity19 model of @entity1555 . When implanted into regenerating nude @entity19 muscle, hSM-MSCs contributed to myofibers and to long term persisting functional satellite cells. No nuclear fusion hybrids were observed between donor @entity1 cells and host @entity19 muscle cells. Myogenic differentiation proceeded through a molecular cascade resembling embryonic muscle development. Differentiation was sensitive to environmental cues, since hSM-MSCs injected into the bloodstream engrafted in several tissues, but acquired the muscle phenotype only within skeletal muscle. When administered into dystrophic muscles of immunosuppressed mdx @entity19 , hSM-MSCs restored sarcolemmal expression of dystrophin, reduced central nucleation, and rescued the expression of @entity19 mechano growth factor.
