@entity177 -induced changes in serum and urine XXXX profiles.

@entity1 @entity8 @entity7902 @entity66748 @entity177 @entity111 @entity205 @entity6741
Although the kidney is believed to play a minor role in @entity6741 (BA) excretion, @entity177 ( @entity177 ) has been reported to be accompanied by alterations in the BA balance. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in BA serum concentrations and @entity8 in @entity1 with different stage of @entity177 or after kidney transplantation and to elucidate whether these might play a role in the development of @entity111 , a common symptom in this disease. This study was carried out on 125 @entity1 . None of them had a history or signs of hepatobiliary malfunction. They belonged either to a control group (N = 31) or to one of the three following @entity177 groups: @entity1 maintained only on a low-protein diet (diet group, N = 23); the same, together with periodic sessions of hemodialysis (dialysis group, N = 42); and @entity1 who had undergone a kidney transplant more than 1 and less than 2 years before (transplanted group, N = 29). Serum and urine BA concentrations were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. @entity111 was quantified by means of a questionnaire answered at the time of sample collection. A marked @entity66748 together with a reduction in BA output into urine and profound alterations in the profiles of these compounds in both serum and urine in @entity1 with @entity177 were observed. The levels of total @entity7902 in serum, but not the proportions of molecular species, were corrected by hemodialysis. By contrast, kidney transplant reversed BA serum patterns to normality but, due to immunosuppressive therapy with @entity205 , total serum BA concentrations were consistently elevated in this group. @entity111 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity66748 , although no significant correlation between the degree of this symptom and the magnitude of the serum concentrations of total or individual @entity7902 were found. By contrast, in spite of @entity66748 , once renal function had been restored by kidney transplantation, none of the @entity1 suffered from @entity111 . These results suggest that the kidney plays an important role in determining the serum BA pool size and composition and that @entity66748 may be a contributing factor, but not the only one, determining the development of @entity111 in @entity1 with @entity177 .
