Does exposure to XXXX lead to an increase in the @entity4523 frequency? A systematic and meta-analytic review.

@entity1 @entity4523 @entity7870 @entity4022
UNASSIGNED: @entity7870 -based herbicides are among the most used pesticides worldwide. Reviews on the safety of @entity7870 have been conducted by several regulatory agencies and researches centers, many times with contradictory results. This study is a systematic meta-analytical review of experimental studies on the relationship between exposure to the @entity7870 ( @entity4022 ) and its formulations with the formation of @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) to establish a quantitative estimate of the environmental risks. The natural logarithm (ln) of the estimated response ratio was calculated from 81 experiments. A meta-analysis was performed on the complete data set, and individual meta-analyses were conducted after stratification by test system, class of vertebrate, exposure route, gender, endpoints, type of literature, formulation, @entity4022 dose and exposure time. A forest plot showed an overall positive association between @entity4022 exposure and its formulations and @entity4523 , corroborated by the cumulative effects size. Different responses were observed on @entity1 and non- @entity1 . Interesting results was noticed in exposure route where oral administration of @entity4022 presented no significance. Exposure by intraperitoneal injection presented the highest @entity4523 formation. Pure @entity4022 caused fewer effects than to commercial mixtures, but both presented mutagenic effects. The studies with males presented significant responses, while studies with females were not significant. The cumulative effects size was not clearly related to @entity4022 dose, and was negatively related to exposure time. It can be attributed to different test systems, exposure routes and protocols analyzed. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that exposure to @entity4022 and its formulations increases the frequency of @entity4523 formation.
