Crash protectiveness to @entity5281 and XXXX : An investigation on major car brands.

@entity146 @entity16 @entity5281 @entity17830 @entity130
UNASSIGNED: This study sets out to investigate vehicles' crash protectiveness on @entity5281 and @entity16 , which can be deemed as an extension of the traditional crash worthiness. A Bayesian bivariate hierarchical ordered logistic (BVHOL) model is developed to estimate the occupant protectiveness (OP) and @entity17830 ( @entity17830 ) of 23 major car brands in Florida, with considering vehicles' @entity146 and controlling external factors. The proposed model not only takes over the strength of the existing hierarchical ordered logistic (HOL) model, i.e. specifying the order characteristics of crash outcomes and cross-crash heterogeneities, but also accounts for the correlation between the two crash responses, @entity130 and @entity16 . A total of 7335 two-vehicle-crash records with 14,670 cars involved in Florida are used for the investigation. From the estimation results, it's found that most of the luxury cars such as Cadillac, Volvo and Lexus possess excellent OP and @entity17830 while some brands such as KIA and Saturn perform very badly in both aspects. The ranks of the estimated safety performance indices are even compared to the counterparts in Huang et al. study [Huang, H., Hu, S., Abdel-Aty, M., 2014. Indexing crash worthiness and @entity146 by major car brands. Safety Science 62, 339-347]. The results show that the rank of occupant protectiveness index (OPI) is relatively coherent with that of crash worthiness index, but the ranks of @entity146 index in both studies is more different from each other. Meanwhile, a great discrepancy between the OPI rank and that of @entity17830 index is found. What's more, the results of control variables and hyper-parameters estimation as well as comparison to HOL models with separate or identical threshold errors, demonstrate the validity and advancement of the proposed model and the robustness of the estimated OP and @entity17830 .
