Respiratory and XXXX in chronic symptomatic hyperventilation.

@entity1 @entity4697 @entity2743 @entity301 @entity146 @entity10441 @entity6004 @entity148 @entity358 @entity112 @entity13147 @entity65 @entity347
Many physicians believe that the @entity10441 is invariably associated with @entity148 or undiagnosed @entity347 such as @entity358 , or both. Twenty one @entity1 referred by specialist physicians with unexplained somatic symptoms and unequivocal chronic @entity13147 (resting end tidal Pco2 less than or equal to 4 kPa (30 mm Hg) on repeated occasions during prolonged measurement) were investigated. All but one complained of inability to take a satisfying breath. Standard lung function test results and chest radiographs were normal in all @entity1 , but @entity112 challenge showed bronchial hyper-reactivity in two of 20 @entity1 tested, and skin tests to common allergens were positive in three of 18. Ventilation-perfusion scanning was abnormal in a further three of 15 @entity1 studied, with unmatched perfusion defects in two and isolated ventilation defects in one. None of the 21 had @entity2743 , severe @entity301 , or other relevant @entity65 . Ten of the 21 @entity1 were @entity6004 and suffered from chronic @entity146 disturbance characterised by @entity148 , @entity4697 , and phobic symptoms. The remainder had no detectable @entity146 but reported proportionately more somatic than @entity148 . Severe hyperventilation can occur in the absence of formal @entity146 or detectable respiratory or other @entity347 . Asthma and @entity358 must be specifically excluded.
