Effects of combining robot-assisted therapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on motor impairment, motor and daily function, and quality of life in @entity1 with XXXX : a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

@entity1 @entity64 @entity508 @entity717 @entity34
BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a widely used intervention approach to enhance motor recovery in @entity1 after @entity64 , but its effects on functional improvement remained uncertain. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is one potential adjuvant intervention approach to @entity34 that could directly activate the stimulated muscles and improve functional use of the paretic hand. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Thirty-nine individuals with @entity64 were randomly assigned to the @entity34 combined with NMES ( @entity34   +   ES) or to @entity34 with sham stimulation ( @entity34   +   Sham) groups. The @entity1 completed the intervention 90 to 100  minutes/day, 5  days/week for 4  weeks. The outcome measures included the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and @entity64 Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). All outcome measures were assessed before and after intervention, and the UE-FMA, MAL, and SIS were reassessed at 3  months of follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with the @entity34   +   Sham group, the @entity34   +   ES group demonstrated greater improvements in wrist flexor MAS score, WMFT quality of movement, and the hand function domain of the SIS. For other outcome measures, both groups improved significantly after the interventions, but no group differences were found. CONCLUSION: @entity34   +   ES induced significant benefits in reducing wrist flexor @entity508 and in hand @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity64 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01655446.
