XXXX : clinical experience and exposure-based risk assessment.

@entity1 @entity72521 @entity566 @entity23572 @entity484
In the year 2000, the level of @entity23572 ( @entity72521 ) @entity566 in dermatology clinics in Europe exceeded the level of @entity566 to all other preservatives, with a prevalence of 3.5%. In the present study, cases of primary sensitization and elicitation to @entity72521 due to cosmetic products were collected over an 8-month period at the Department of Dermatology, Gentofte University Hospital. The aim was to identify the products related to hand @entity484 , assess exposure to @entity72521 in these products and relate the findings to results from a newly developed updated risk assessment model for contact @entity566 . Out of 24 @entity1 with a positive patch test to @entity72521 , 17 @entity1 with hand @entity484 were identified. In 11 of these @entity1 , cosmetic products used in relation to the onset of the disease were shown to contain @entity72521 (65%). In 8 of these 11 cases, primary sensitization was probable, 5 due to hand/body lotions and 3 due to lotions and/or liquid hand soap. Chemical analysis of 12 products showed that lotions contained 149-390 ppm of @entity72521 , liquid hand soap 144-399 ppm, a rinsing cream 293 ppm and shampoos 78-79 ppm. The shampoo exposure was not of certain relevance to the @entity484 . Applying the newly developed updated risk assessment model showed that the concentrations of @entity72521 in lotions of 149-390 ppm exceeded the calculated maximum acceptable exposure level for @entity72521 , which would be expected to lead to sensitization in consumers using such products, as seen in the current study. The present cases and updated exposure-based risk assessment process add to the evidence and need for re-defining safe-use concentrations of @entity72521 in cosmetic products.
