Confronting the effects of smoking and air quality on the development of chronic XXXX .

@entity1 @entity764 @entity3617 @entity1576
The main purpose of the paper was to compare the effects of outdoor and indoor air quality on the development of chronic @entity1576 measured in the prospective study of chronic @entity764 among the inhabitants of Cracow, Poland. The 5-year follow-up study covered a probability sample of 4355 adult inhabitants. Data on respiratory symptoms and lung function in addition to variables related to environmental and socioeconomic factors were included. To assess the separate and joint effects of the chosen environmental factors on chronic @entity764 , the multiple logistic regression analysis has been carried out. As expected, smoking habit was the strongest single of the factors related to the persistence of the respiratory symptoms. The effect of smoking was more marked in @entity1 than in @entity1 and this can be attributed to longer duration of smoking and more cigarettes smoked daily by @entity1 . Out of all considered adverse occupational factors only chemicals increased the risk of chronic @entity3617 in @entity1 while dust increased the risk of exacerbations in @entity1 . The data showed a significant decrease in risk of exacerbations among the @entity1 who used a gas stove for cooking. The study also confirmed the harmful effect of smoking on lung function. Against this particular background the importance of variable temperature combined with ambient air pollution appeared to have rather strong detrimental biologic impact.
