Blood levels of total XXXX in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 (with no complications, @entity2316 and/or @entity989 ) and in their non-diabetic relatives.

@entity1 @entity8 @entity2002 @entity6 @entity1255 @entity2316 @entity5784 @entity989 @entity1011 @entity413 @entity414
BACKGROUND AND AIM: It has been reported that plasma @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels in type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) @entity1 without renal involvement are higher, similar to or lower than those in healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured plasma @entity5784 in 60 controls, 79 type 1 @entity6 (23 with @entity989 , 22 with @entity8 ) and 73 non-diabetic relatives of 30 probands. The female controls had lower levels than their male counterparts: geometric mean 10.5 vs 13.6 mumol/L, p < 0.001. Among the controls, smokers (n = 20) and ex-smokers (n = 12) had higher @entity5784 levels than non-smokers (n = 28): 13.2 and 13.2 vs 10.9 mumol/L, p < 0.01. Among the @entity6 , high plasma @entity5784 levels were associated with male gender: 11.9 vs 9.1 mumol/L in @entity1 , p < 0.01. The @entity1 without complications had higher plasma @entity413 and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (p < 0.001), and lower plasma @entity5784 (9.2 mumol/L vs 12.2, p < 0.01) and @entity414 levels (p < 0.05) than the controls. The @entity1 with @entity8 and higher levels of @entity5784 (13.0 mumol/L vs 9.0, p < 0.05), and different levels of @entity1011 (p < 0.01), @entity414 (p < 0.01), @entity2002 (p < 0.05), and urinary albumin (p < 0.001) than those with @entity989 . There was no difference in @entity5784 levels between the @entity1 ' relatives and the controls: 11.9 mumol/L in siblings vs 11.6 mumol/L, 13.5 mumol/L in parents vs 12.1 mumol/L. In the control group, plasma @entity5784 levels were associated with age, gender and smoking; among the @entity6 , they correlated with age, gender, smoking, and plasma @entity1011 and lipoprotein (a) levels. CONCLUSIONS: 1) male gender and smoking are associated with high @entity5784 levels in healthy @entity1 ; 2) plasma @entity5784 levels are lower in T1DM @entity1 than in healthy @entity1 (glomerular hyperfiltration and accelerated hepatic transsulfuration?); 3) high @entity5784 levels are associated with @entity2316 and plasma @entity1011 levels; and 4) non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 1 @entity6 have normal plasma @entity5784 concentrations.
