Efficacy and feasibility of frontozygomatic angle approach for extra XXXX in oral surgery: a descriptive clinical trial.

@entity1 @entity566 @entity616 @entity158
BACKGROUND: @entity158 control is an integral part of minor oral surgery and maxillary/mandibular nerve blocks have proved promising in achieving the same. Although intra oral techniques of @entity616 are common and are widely used, there are certain inherent disadvantages and potential complications. Less commonly described in the literature, the extra oral techniques have a wide spectrum of indications as well as can be more advantageous than the intra oral approach. This prospective clinical trial is an attempt to evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of the extra oral frontozygomatic approach to the foramen rotundum to block the maxillary nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample size was 100 @entity1 and the inclusion criteria were @entity1 of ASA I or II category who needed extraction of a minimum of 4 maxillary teeth in the same quadrant in a single sitting while exclusion criteria were @entity1 with a history of @entity566 to local anesthesia, medically compromised @entity1 in whom dental extraction was contraindicated. Mean age was 71.9  years and 56 @entity1 were males while 44 were females. Only a single quadrant (first or second) was chosen as the operative site in each @entity1 and local anaesthesia was secured using a 21 gauge 89  mm long spinal needle with frontozygomatic angle approach and the parameters used were @entity158 experienced during the injection, onset of subjective symptoms, time required for the peak effect (objective symptoms), @entity158 during extraction and the duration of anesthesia. All the parameters were expressed as mean values with standard deviations. RESULTS: A successful anesthesia was secured in first attempt in 98 @entity1 while in 2 @entity1 , the procedure had to be repeated owing to the difficulty in reaching the target site. A majority of the @entity1 i.e., 71  % scored 0-2 (no @entity158 ) on visual analogue scale (VAS) while only 2 @entity1 experienced a moderate degree of @entity158 . Subjective symptoms were reported in 27.24  s (mean value) and 12.93  s (mean value) in the palate and the infraorbital fossa respectively. Peak effect of anesthesia was noted in 66.7, 37.38 and 31.71  s (all values expressed as mean) in palate, infraorbital fossa and posterior superior alveolar areas respectively. CONCLUSION: Although with only dental extraction as the procedure of choice, the present study has favoured the frontozygomatic angle approach for the @entity616 as simple, safe, efficacious and associated with minimum and clinically mild complications.
