Crackle pitch and rate do not vary significantly during a single automated-auscultation session in XXXX with @entity55 , @entity712 , or @entity3794 .

@entity1 @entity712 @entity1353 @entity55 @entity3794
OBJECTIVE: To determine the variability of crackle pitch and crackle rate during a single automated-auscultation session with a computerized 16-channel lung-sound analyzer. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity55 , 52 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and 18 with @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ) performed @entity1353 maneuvers in the following sequence: normal @entity1353 , deep @entity1353 , cough several times; deep @entity1353 , vital-capacity maneuver, and deep @entity1353 . From the auscultation recordings we measured the crackle pitch and crackle rate. RESULTS: Crackle pitch variability, expressed as a percentage of the average crackle pitch, was small in all @entity1 and in all maneuvers: @entity55 11%, @entity712 11%, @entity3794 7%. Crackle rate variability was also small: @entity55 31%, @entity712 32%, @entity3794 24%. Compared to the first deep- @entity1353 maneuver (100%), the average crackle pitch did not significantly change following coughing ( @entity55 100%, @entity712 103%, @entity3794 100%), the vital-capacity maneuver ( @entity55 100%, @entity712 92%, @entity3794 104%), or during quiet @entity1353 ( @entity55 97%, @entity712 100%, @entity3794 104%). Similarly, the average crackle rate did not change significantly following coughing ( @entity55 105%, @entity712 110%, @entity3794 90%) or the vital-capacity maneuver ( @entity55 102%, @entity712 101%, @entity3794 99%). However, during normal @entity1353 the crackle rate was significantly lower in the @entity1 with @entity55 (74%, P < .001) and significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity3794 (147%, P < .05) than it was during deep @entity1353 . In @entity1 with @entity712 the average crackle rate during normal @entity1353 was not significantly different from that during the first deep- @entity1353 maneuver (108%). CONCLUSIONS: Crackle pitch and rate were surprisingly stable in all 3 conditions. Neither crackle pitch nor crackle rate changed significantly from breath to breath or from one deep- @entity1353 maneuver to another, even when the maneuvers were separated by cough or the vital-capacity maneuver. The observation that crackle rate is a reproducible measurement during one automated-auscultation session suggests that crackle rate can be used to follow the course of cardiopulmonary illnesses such as @entity55 , @entity3794 , and @entity712 .
