Determinants of experimental XXXX responses: interactions between allergen dose, sex and age.

@entity1 @entity32 @entity10328 @entity19 @entity566 @entity56
The prevalence of @entity56 is influenced by sex and age. Although @entity19 models are widely used in @entity566 research, few experimental studies have examined the interaction effects of sex and age on @entity566 outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the individual and combined effects of sex and age on @entity56 sensitization and @entity32 in two @entity19 models: an intraperitoneal (i.p.) and an intranasal (i.n.) sensitization model. We also investigated how the allergen immunization dose interacted with age and sex in the i.p. model. Female and male @entity19 were immunized i.p. or i.n. with @entity10328 when 1, 6 or 20   weeks old. In both models, allergen challenges were performed by i.n. delivery. Serum antibodies, draining lymph node cytokine release and airway inflammatory responses were assessed. In the i.p. model, the antibody and cytokine levels and airway @entity32 were highly influenced by immunization dose and age. The responses increased with age when using a low immunization dose, but decreased with age when using a high immunization dose. In the i.n. model, antibody production and airway tissue @entity32 increased with age. Female compared with male @entity19 generally developed more pronounced antibody and inflammatory responses. Relative to older @entity19 , juvenile @entity19 had augmented airway @entity32 to allergen exposures. The study demonstrates that immunization dose, sex and age are highly influential on @entity566 outcomes. To better mimic different life stages of @entity1 @entity56 airway disease, @entity19 models, therefore, require careful optimization.
