[Analgesia for pediatric XXXX . Standards and special aspects].

@entity1 @entity1363 @entity565 @entity26 @entity3124 @entity649 @entity3810 @entity158 @entity1443 @entity3575
In this paper we describe the assessment and medical treatment of @entity158 in @entity1 according to the concept of the Centre of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine at the university of Freiburg, Germany. Opiate therapy in @entity1 as well as novel data about the association of @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) and wheezing/ @entity565 bronchiale in @entity1 are discussed. Special aspects of analgesia for @entity158 procedures and a @entity3810 / @entity26 mixture which has been recently introduced in Germany are described. The second part of the paper presents results of our prospective study about continuous infusion of @entity3575 and @entity1363 in a fixed combination in 19 @entity3124 @entity1 with a median age of 46 months, 40% of these @entity1 had an @entity649 . The mortality rate was 21%. A median dose of @entity3575 of 3.9 microg/kg/h ( @entity1363 0.26 mg/kg/h) was infused. The @entity3575 serum level (median 4.2 ng/ml, range 1.7-17.8 ng/ml) correlated significantly with the administered dose while the @entity1363 serum levels (median 911 ng/ml, range 234-4 651 ng/ml) correlated neither with the administered dose nor with any of the analysed parameters. CONCLUSION: A standard protocol for the assessment and treatment of @entity158 should be established in every pediatric hospital. The data about the association of @entity565 bronchiale and @entity1443 cannot be interpreted conclusively, but show that even for well known substances clinical trials may lead to new awareness. The study data about continuous infusion of @entity3575 and @entity1363 show a good correlation of the @entity3575 application to serum levels, while @entity1363 appears to be not the optimal substance for continuous sedation in this setting.
