Effects of XXXX on the immune responses and expression of immune-related genes in Chinese mitten-handed crab @entity21397 .

@entity14911 @entity137 @entity21397 @entity224 @entity14912
UNASSIGNED: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) has been widely studied due to its global distribution, slow degradation, high bioaccumulation and toxicological effects on vertebrates. However, the potential @entity137 of @entity14912 to crustaceans is little known. The present study investigated the effects of @entity14912 on the immune responses and expression of immune-related genes in the Chinese mitten-handed crab @entity21397 . Crabs were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10mg/L of @entity14912 , and sampled on 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21days respectively. The total hemocyte count and lysozyme activity in @entity14912 -treated crab were significantly lower than in the control. The exposure to 10mg/L of @entity14912 led to a marked inhibition in phenoloxidase and @entity224 dismutase activities. At other @entity14912 levels, phenoloxidase and @entity224 dismutase showed an initial increase and a subsequent decrease over time. The alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were stimulated in 10mg/L @entity14912 until 21days. The mRNA expression of immune related genes including hepatopancreas-specific C-type lectin and prophenoloxidase activating factors were up-regulated after the exposure to the concentrations of 1 and 10mg/L of @entity14912 , while the expression of lysozyme gene was up-regulated only in the crab exposed to 0.1mg/L @entity14912 . The results demonstrate that the high dose of @entity14912 leads to immune @entity137 and the hepatopancreas is a major target organ for @entity14912 accumulation and immunotoxicity. Hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase and acid phosphatase are useful biomarkers for the risk assessment of @entity14912 @entity137 to crustaceans.
