N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-induced morphogenesis in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity3954 @entity15389 @entity5132 @entity48777 @entity505 @entity3367 @entity375 @entity897 @entity4023
@entity3954 is a morphogenic effector in the @entity1 pathogenic @entity375 @entity5132 . Depending on temperature, @entity3954 induces @entity375 -mycelial conversion or chlamydospore formation. @entity3954 is also a @entity505 source for growth in the @entity375 form. Germ-tube formation, i.e. the intermediary of @entity375 -mycelial conversion, is induced at temperatures in excess of 33 degrees C; at lower temperatures the @entity375 or the pseudomycelial form of the organism predominates. @entity897 , at concentrations which do not affect @entity375 growth, is a potent inhibitor of @entity3954 -induced germ-tube formation. @entity3954 suffices as both the inducer and the @entity505 sources for morphogenesis and both transcription and translation are required for the @entity375 to mycelial transition. The metabolism of @entity3954 is essentially the same for @entity375 phase cells (28 degrees C) and germ-tube forming cells (37 degrees C): enzymes for @entity3954 uptake and catabolism are equally well induced by gene expression at 28 degrees C and 37 degrees C. During germ-tube formation, the chitin content and the activity of the regulatory enzyme chitin synthase increase. Germ-tube formation in @entity5132 can also be induced gratuitously by a number of @entity48777 derivatives ( @entity3954 covalently linked to @entity3367 , @entity15389 , @entity4023 , colloidal chitin, and mucin). These compounds are not taken up by the @entity375 cells and do not support growth which suggests that germ-tube formation is triggered by a cell-surface receptor mechanism. It is proposed that, after binding to the receptor, @entity3954 produces an intracellular message which primes the cell for morphogenesis. This message would ultimately be responsible for the choice of the mode of growth, spherical versus apical, that is characteristic of @entity375 or mycelial form.
