Voluntary brain processing in XXXX .

@entity47 @entity1 @entity75 @entity1662
BACKGROUND: Disentangling the @entity47 from the @entity47 is often difficult when relying only on behavioral observation. In this study, we explored a new active evoked-related potentials paradigm as an alternative method for the detection of voluntary brain activity. METHODS: The @entity1 were 22 right-handed @entity1 (10 traumatic) diagnosed as being in a @entity47 ( @entity47 ) (n = 8) or in a @entity47 ( @entity47 ) (n = 14). They were presented sequences of names containing the @entity1 's own name or other names, in both passive and active conditions. In the active condition, the @entity1 were instructed to count her or his own name or to count another target name. RESULTS: Like controls, @entity47 @entity1 presented a larger P3 to the @entity1 's own name, in the passive and in the active conditions. Moreover, the P3 to target stimuli was higher in the active than in the passive condition, suggesting voluntary compliance to task instructions like controls. These responses were even observed in @entity1 with low behavioral responses (e.g., visual fixation and pursuit). In contrast, no P3 differences between passive and active conditions were observed for @entity47 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that active evoked-related potentials paradigms may permit detection of voluntary brain function in @entity1 with severe @entity75 who present with a @entity1662 , even when the @entity1 may present with very limited to questionably any signs of awareness.
