Etiology and prognostic significance of albuminuria in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity644 @entity8 @entity2175 @entity6 @entity301 @entity1723 @entity4854 @entity454
Persistent clinical @entity644 (i.e., urinary protein excretion greater than 0.5 g/24 h) is an ominous development in a @entity1 with @entity6 . It eventually leads to a decline in the glomerular filtration rate and ultimately to @entity454 or premature cardiovascular mortality. Progression of @entity8 appears to be related to arterial blood pressure and protein intake and is primarily independent of the metabolic state. More sensitive immunoassays for detecting low concentrations of albumin in urine have led to recognition of subclinical increases in albumin excretion rates in nonclinically proteinuric @entity6 @entity1 , a phenomenon named microalbuminuria. Studies have shown that @entity1 with microalbuminuria have a significantly increased risk for clinical @entity644 and cardiovascular mortality. Microalbuminuria is rarely found during the first 5 yr of a @entity1 's @entity6 , suggesting that it is a sign of early @entity8 rather than a marker for susceptibility to it. In @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), an association has been found between microalbuminuria and @entity301 , but this relationship needs further investigation. In @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), this subclinical form of @entity644 is associated with poor metabolic control and, more important, with marginal elevation of blood pressure. Correction of @entity4854 by intensified insulin treatment might arrest progression to persistent clinical @entity644 ; moreover, restricted protein intake and lowering of blood pressure have been shown to reduce the albumin excretion rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
