Slow Physical Growth, Delayed Reflex Ontogeny, and Permanent Behavioral as Well as Cognitive Impairments in XXXX Following Intra-generational Protein Malnutrition.

@entity851 @entity146 @entity4306 @entity148 @entity2915 @entity3147 @entity35 @entity2414
Environmental stressors including @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) during pre-, neo- and post-natal age have been documented to affect cognitive development and cause increased susceptibility to @entity146 . Most studies have addressed either of the three windows and that does not emulate the clinical conditions of @entity851 ( @entity851 ). Such data fail to provide a complete picture of the behavioral alterations in the F1 generation. The present study thus addresses the larger window from gestation to F1 generation, a new model of intra-generational @entity3147 . Naive Sprague Dawley (SD) dams pre-gestationally switched to LP (8% protein) or @entity4306 (20% protein) diets for 45 days were bred and maintained throughout gestation on same diets. Pups born ( @entity4306 /LP dams) were maintained on the respective diets post-weaningly. The present study aimed to show the sex specific differences in the neurobehavioral evolution and behavioral phenotype of the @entity4306 /LP F1 generation pups. A battery of neurodevelopmental reflex tests, behavioral (Open field and forelimb gripstrength test), and cognitive [Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM)] assays were performed. A decelerated growth curve with significantly restricted body and brain weight, delays in apparition of neuro-reflexes and poor performance in the LP group @entity35 was recorded. Intra-generational @entity3147 induced poor habituation-with-time in novel environment exploration, low @entity148 and hyperactive like profile in open field test in young and adult @entity35 . The study revealed poor forelimb neuromuscular strength in LP F1 pups till adulthood. Group occupancy plots in MWM test revealed @entity2915 with poor learning, @entity2414 and integration, thus modeling the signs of early onset Alzehemier phenotype. In addition, a gender specific effect of LP diet with severity in males and favoring female sex was also noticed.
