Bronchial artery XXXX for massive hemoptysis: Long-term follow-up.

@entity1 @entity548 @entity2 @entity1416 @entity887 @entity4595
AIM: Bronchial artery angiography with @entity887 has become a mainstay in the treatment of massive hemoptysis. Whereas the immediate success rate is high, the reported long-term success rate varies widely among different groups. We aimed to explore the long-term outcome and clinical predictors associated with recurrent @entity548 . METHODS: We reviewed the clinical characteristics, underlying etiologies, procedure details, and outcome of @entity1416 performed for massive hemoptysis between 1999 and 2012. RESULTS: All 52 consecutive @entity1 treated by @entity1416 during the study period were included. The major etiologies of massive hemoptysis were @entity4595 (mostly post-infectious) in 53.8%, and primary and metastatic @entity2 in 30.8%. The immediate success rate was high (48/52; 92%). Of 45 @entity1 who survived more than 24 hours following @entity1416 , recurrent @entity548 did not occur in 19 (42.2%) during a median follow-up period of 60 months (range 6-130 months). Bleeding recurred in 26 (57.7%); within 30 days in 15 (33.3%) and after 1 month in the other 11 (24.4%). The average time to onset of early and late repeat @entity548 was 2 and 506 days, respectively. @entity2 were associated with a high likelihood of late @entity548 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchial artery @entity887 is an effective immediate treatment for massive hemoptysis. Because the @entity548 recurrence rate is high in @entity1 with @entity2 or @entity4595 , surgery should be considered in these @entity1 following initial stabilization by @entity1416 . For other underlying etiologies, the long-term outcome is excellent.
