The relationship between @entity2 in African American XXXX .

@entity1 @entity5 @entity2 @entity2415 @entity1030 @entity204
RATIONALE: @entity1030 have been associated with @entity2 risk; however, this relationship and the joint occurrence of these conditions are not well studied in the African American population OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of @entity1030 in African Americans with @entity2 and to evaluate their impact on the management and outcome of @entity2 . METHODS: Medical records of 114 African Americans who had participated in population-based case-control studies of @entity2 and who sought medical care at the Karmanos Cancer Center in Detroit, Michigan, were reviewed. The medical records of these @entity1 were reviewed for demographics, @entity5 , spirometry, treatment, and outcome. Computed tomographies (CT) of the chest about the time of the diagnosis of @entity2 were reviewed by a radiologist for evidence of @entity2415 . @entity1030 was diagnosed when there were changes consistent with @entity2415 on CTs and/or airflow obstruction by spirometry. RESULTS: There were no differences by sex for age at @entity2 diagnosis (P = .78) and @entity5 histology (P = .43). The @entity1 were more likely to present at a later stage of @entity2 diagnosis compared with the @entity1 (P = .04), and the @entity1 were more likely to have surgery than the @entity1 (P = .03). Overall, 94% of the @entity1 and 78% of the @entity1 in this population had spirometry and/or CT evidence of @entity1030 . The @entity1 were somewhat more likely to have @entity1030 diagnosed by either CT or spirometry than were the @entity1 (P = .06), but the Global Obstructive Lung Disease Classification scores did not differ by sex among those with spirometry-diagnosed @entity1030 (P = .34). Seventy-eight percent of individuals who did not report a previous diagnosis of @entity1030 had clinical evidence of @entity1030 , whereas 94% of individuals who reported a previous diagnosis of @entity1030 also had clinical evidence of @entity1030 (P = .03). Among individuals who had both spirometry and CT data available, 29% had CT evidence of @entity2415 but normal spirometry. No differences in @entity1030 diagnosis (P = .82) or @entity2415 diagnosis (P = .51) were noted by @entity5 histology. Stage at diagnosis also did not differ by @entity1030 or @entity2415 diagnosis (P = .30 and P = .06, respectively), nor did treatment modality (P = .54 and P = .10, respectively). @entity1 with @entity2 and with @entity1030 , diagnosed either via spirometry or CT, did not show an increased risk of @entity204 compared with @entity1 with @entity2 and without @entity1030 after adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, and stage (hazard ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.68-2.53]). CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of @entity1030 , @entity2415 in particular, in a selected group of African American @entity1 with @entity2 . A significant number of these @entity1 were not aware that they had @entity1030 . There was no significant difference in the outcome of @entity2 in relation to the presence or absence of @entity1030 .
