@entity8781 and XXXX participate in the cell growth of @entity8025 endothelium in primary @entity2220 .

@entity1 @entity9989 @entity1603 @entity7 @entity5 @entity8025 @entity133 @entity563 @entity12610 @entity72314 @entity8781 @entity2220 @entity28299
BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity563 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity5 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity1 with primary @entity2220 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity5 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8781 and @entity12610 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity5 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity12610 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8781 and @entity12610 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity5 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity5 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity1 and in @entity2220 cell lines (A549, @entity72314 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9989 ( @entity28299 ) or @entity1603 uptake in @entity1 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity1 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8781 and SLIGKV for @entity12610 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity8025 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity7 in @entity133 .
