Acute XXXX of marking pen emissions.

@entity1 @entity137 @entity146 @entity19 @entity4313 @entity16623 @entity2915 @entity400 @entity34978 @entity2359
To evaluate complaints of adverse reactions to marking pen emissions, groups of @entity19 were exposed for 1 h to the emissions of 8 brands of felt-tip markers or white-board cleaner. Pneumotachographs and a computerized version of ASTM E-981 test method were used to measure changes in respiration. Sensory irritation (SI), pulmonary irritation (PI), and/or air flow limitation (AFL) of differing intensities were documented with each of the eight brands tested. At the peak of the effects, the largest SI was observed with pen F (72% of the breaths); the largest PI occurred with pen D (13% of the breaths), and the largest AFL was seen with pen F (25% of the breaths). Pens G and H produced minimal SI, PI, or AFL. A functional observational battery was used to screen for signs of @entity2359 . Emissions from all eight of the pens produced @entity146 such as altered posture and gait, @entity400 , falling, and @entity2915 . The exposure concentrations were similar to the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) values near marking pens in actual use. Gas chromatography identified mixtures of @entity4313 , @entity34978 , and/or @entity16623 . Exposures to white-board cleaner solution resulted in similar @entity137 ( SI, PI, AFL, and @entity2359 ). These results document that some marking pens and white-board cleaner emit mixtures of chemicals that can produce acute @entity137 and @entity146 in normal @entity19 . These results provide a toxicological explanation for some of the @entity1 complaints concerning respiratory and neurological reactions to marking pen emissions.
