Educational late effects in long-term survivors of childhood XXXX .

@entity1 @entity981 @entity73 @entity409 @entity4207 @entity1499
Records of levels of school achievement in long-term survivors of childhood @entity981 were obtained for 23 @entity1 who had received 2,400-rad cranial irradiation and intrathecal @entity1499 and standard chemotherapeutic agents 8 to 10 years previously. The @entity1 had been evaluated with standardized tests of intelligence at the time of diagnosis and periodically thereafter. Declines in IQ and @entity73 have been previously described. School placements, educational histories, attendance records, learning strengths and weaknesses, social/emotional adjustments, and grade level achievements in reading and mathematics as measured by standardized achievement tests are reported here. @entity1 achieved less than the expected levels in both reading and mathematics given both pretreatment and most recent IQ scores. Neither sex nor initial IQ were related to achievement scores. @entity1 experienced difficulty with attention/concentration, memory, sequencing, and comprehension when performing school tasks. Individual @entity1 showed @entity409 , but results of this study suggest that there are patterns of specific @entity4207 rather than global retardation. A small number of @entity1 achieved greater than expected levels, indicating that individualized instruction, tutoring, and parental support may reduce some @entity4207 . Early educational intervention is recommended for similarly treated @entity1 .
