Transdermal iontophoresis of insulin. V. Effect of XXXX .

@entity6399 @entity35 @entity167 @entity44765 @entity9534 @entity12263 @entity4746 @entity44767
To increase the skin permeation of large peptides like insulin, it is necessary to utilize a combination of enhancement strategies. In this regard, this study investigated the effect of @entity6399 / @entity167 combination in comparison to @entity167 and neat @entity9534 on transdermal iontophoretic permeation of insulin. Ex-vivo experiments were conducted using full thickness @entity35 skin after pre-treatment for 2 h with 5% of @entity4746 , @entity44765 , @entity12263 and @entity44767 in @entity167 ; @entity167 alone; neat @entity44765 with and without iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm(2); 6 h). FT-IR studies were carried out using @entity35 epidermal sheets after pre-treatment with enhancer solution for 2 h and tritiated water permeation studies was used to investigate the alteration in skin barrier property after enhancer or current treatment. The lag time was significantly reduced (P<0.05) with @entity9534 / @entity167 pre-treatment in comparison to passive control and @entity167 pre-treatment, although there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the @entity6399 . Synergistic enhancement in flux was observed with @entity9534 / @entity167 , and @entity44765 / @entity167 showed highest enhancement among the @entity9534 / @entity167 combinations. On the other hand, enhancement with neat @entity44765 was higher than with @entity44765 / @entity167 . FT-IR studies showed that @entity9534 / @entity167 , @entity167 and neat @entity9534 act at the intercellular lipids. The skin barrier property was significantly (P<0.05) compromised with neat @entity44765 treatment. Iontophoresis had a lesser effect on skin barrier property compared to chemical enhancer pre-treatment. @entity9534 / @entity167 caused synergistic enhancement of insulin permeation when combined with iontophoresis and was influenced by the type and concentration of @entity9534 .
