Surgical treatment of the @entity3153 in XXXX and @entity1 .

@entity1 @entity4710 @entity712 @entity4924 @entity591 @entity299 @entity118 @entity3153
Eleven pediatric @entity3153 @entity1 underwent surgery. Four had left, 5 right cardiac type and 2 had @entity3153 . Two @entity1 had 2 accessory conduction pathways (ACP). @entity4924 and secundum type @entity118 were the association @entity299 in one @entity1 each. Indications for surgery included repeated and/or long-lasting @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), ineffective drug therapy, @entity712 due to frequent @entity591 , short effective refractory period of the ACP, and simultaneous surgery for associated @entity299 . Pre- and intra-operative examinations, including ECG, VCG, UCG, body surface mapping, intracavitary recording by catheter electrodes, computerized epicardial mapping, and endocardial mapping, were performed for the precise localization of the ACP. The surgical method was basically the same as is used for adults. Anterior median stermotomy was used primarily in right cardiac and right septal type and left anterior thoracotomy was used in 3 of 4 cases of the left cardiac type. Eight of 11 cases, two of which had 3 ACPs, were completely cured and in 3 there was evidence of postoperative pre-excitation. However, the @entity4710 attacks disappeared almost completely and drug therapy is not required at present.
