Temporal-controlled XXXX Releasing Chitosan Nanoparticle System Enhances Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla.

@entity9170 @entity622 @entity619 @entity1358 @entity63721
INTRODUCTION: The spatial and temporal control of stem cell differentiation into odontoblast-like cells remains one of the major challenges in regenerative endodontic procedures. The current study aims to synthesize and compare the effect of @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) release from 2 variants of @entity9170 -loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp) on the odontogenic differentiation of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: Two variants of @entity9170 -loaded CSnp were synthesized by encapsulation ( @entity9170 -CSnpI) and adsorption ( @entity9170 -CSnpII) methods. The physicochemical characterization of @entity9170 -CSnpI and @entity9170 -CSnpII was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, Zetasizer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, whereas the @entity9170 release kinetics was assessed by spectrophotometry. A previously characterized @entity1358 cell line was cultured onto CSnp, @entity9170 -CSnpI, or @entity9170 -CSnpII. The biomineralization potential was determined by @entity622 staining. Alkaline phosphatase, @entity63721 gene expressions were analyzed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity9170 -CSnpI resulted in slower release of @entity9170 compared with @entity9170 -CSnpII, but both demonstrated sustained release of @entity9170 for 4 weeks. Biomineralization of @entity1358 was significantly higher (P < .05) in presence of @entity9170 -CSnpII compared with that in @entity9170 -CSnpI at 3 weeks. Alkaline phosphatase gene expression was significantly higher in the presence of @entity9170 -CSnpII compared with @entity9170 -CSnpI, with peak expression seen at 2 weeks (P  < .05). The expression of odontogenic specific marker dentin matrix protein-1 was significantly higher in presence of @entity9170 -CSnpII compared with @entity9170 -CSnpI at 3 weeks (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these data suggest that sustained release of @entity9170 results in enhanced odontogenic differentiation of @entity1358 . These findings highlight the potential of temporal-controlled delivery of bioactive molecules to direct the spatial- and temporal-controlled odontogenic differentiation of dental stem cells.
