Comparative effectiveness of plant-based diets for XXXX : A randomized controlled trial of five different diets.

@entity1 @entity353
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plant-based diets on @entity353 . METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled in a 6-mo, five-arm, randomized controlled trial in 2013 in South Carolina. @entity1 attended weekly group meetings, with the exception of the omnivorous group, which served as the control and attended monthly meetings augmented with weekly e-mail lessons. All groups attended monthly meetings for the last 4 mo of the study. Diets did not emphasize caloric restriction. RESULTS: Overweight adults (body mass index 25-49.9 kg/m(2); age 18-65 y, 19% non-white, and 27% @entity1 ) were randomized to a low-fat, low-glycemic index diet: vegan (n = 12), vegetarian (n = 13), pesco-vegetarian (n = 13), semi-vegetarian (n = 13), or omnivorous (n = 12). Fifty (79%) @entity1 completed the study. In intention-to-treat analysis, the linear trend for @entity353 across the five groups was significant at both 2 (P < 0.01) and 6 mo (P < 0.01). At 6 mo, the @entity353 in the vegan group (-7.5%    4.5%) was significantly different from the omnivorous (-3.1%    3.6%; P = 0.03), semi-vegetarian (-3.2%    3.8%; P = 0.03), and pesco-vegetarian (-3.2%    3.4%; P = 0.03) groups. Vegan @entity1 decreased their fat and saturated fat more than the pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, and omnivorous groups at both 2 and 6 mo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Vegan diets may result in greater @entity353 than more modest recommendations.
