In vitro and in vivo analysis of XXXX fibroblast reprogramming and multipotency.

@entity1 @entity4729 @entity2440 @entity19 @entity908 @entity1555 @entity4714
Multipotent stem cells have potential therapeutic roles in the treatment of @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). However, the limited access to stem cell sources restricts their clinical application. To address this issue, we established a simple in vitro epigenetic reprogramming technique in which skin fibroblasts are induced to dedifferentiate into multipotent cells. In this study, @entity1 fibroblasts were isolated from circumcised adult foreskin and were reprogrammed by co-culture for 72 h with fish oocyte extract (FOE) in serum-free medium. The cells were then observed and analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation assays. Then FOE-treated @entity1 fibroblasts were transplanted by tail vein injection into irradiated mdx @entity19 , an animal model of @entity1555 . Two months after injection, the therapeutic effects of FOE-treated fibroblasts on mdx skeletal muscle were evaluated by serum @entity908 kinase (CK) activity measurements and by immunostaining and RT-PCR of @entity1 @entity4714 expression. The results indicated that the reprogrammed fibroblasts expressed higher levels of the pluripotent antigen markers SSEA-4, @entity2440 and @entity4729 , and were able to differentiate in vitro into adipogenic cells, osteoblastic cells, and myotube-like cells. Tail vein injection of FOE-treated fibroblasts into irradiated mdx @entity19 slightly reduced serum CK activity and the percentage of centrally nucleated myofibers two months after cell transplantation. Furthermore, we confirmed @entity1 @entity4714 protein and mRNA expression in mdx @entity19 skeletal muscle. These data demonstrated that FOE-treated fibroblasts were multipotent and could integrate into mdx @entity19 myofibers through the vasculature.
