Histologic grading and prognostic biomarkers in XXXX .

@entity10784 @entity7094 @entity3975 @entity5 @entity2347 @entity146 @entity39 @entity7093 @entity189 @entity3981 @entity4668 @entity4575 @entity652
Both the variety and rarity of @entity189 pose challenge for using histologic grade and biomarkers to predict outcome. @entity3975 is the histologic subtype for which grading is most prognostically and therapeutically relevant. This @entity5 is graded using standard schemes in a 3-tier manner with the intermediate-grade category shows the most variability between grading systems and thus the most controversy in management. The t(11;19)(q21; @entity4668 ) @entity7093 - @entity7094 translocation may be an objective marker that can help to further stratify difficult cases. @entity2347 are graded based on pattern with solid areas correlating with a worse prognosis. Occasionally, @entity2347 may undergo transformation to highly @entity146 @entity189 with frequent nodal metastases. Comparative genomic hybridization has revealed several chromosomal regions (such as 1p32- @entity10784 , 6q23-q27) of prognostic interest in @entity2347 . @entity189 ex-pleomorphic @entity652 is actually a category of @entity5 rather than a single @entity5 type with both @entity146 and indolent versions. These @entity5 should be further qualified as to type/grade of @entity189 and extent, as intracapsular and minimally invasive @entity5 behave favorably. @entity3981 , although generally considered low grade, can recur, metastasize, or even prove lethal in a significant number of cases suggesting amenability to a grading scheme to separate these biologic groups. Although @entity146 histologic parameters ( @entity4575 , @entity39 , and mitoses) are predictive of poor outcome, a standard grading scheme does not yet exists. @entity3981 can also undergo high-grade transformation.
