Satisfaction with facial appearance and its determinants in adults with severe XXXX : a case-referent study.

@entity1 @entity154 @entity2419 @entity14062
BACKGROUND: @entity1 with severe @entity154 have a long track record of operations and hospital visits by the time they are 18 years old. The fact that their @entity154 is congenital may have an impact on how satisfied these @entity1 are with their appearance. This study evaluated the level of satisfaction with facial appearance of congenital and of acquired facially disfigured adults, and explored demographic, physical and psychological determinants of this satisfaction. Differences compared with non-disfigured adults were examined. METHODS: Fifty-nine adults with a rare @entity2419 , 59 adults with a @entity154 traumatically acquired in adulthood, and a reference group of 201 non-disfigured adults completed standardised demographic, physical and psychological questionnaires. RESULTS: The congenital and acquired groups did not differ significantly in the level of satisfaction with facial appearance, but both were significantly less satisfied than the reference group. In facially disfigured adults, level of education, number of affected facial parts and facial function were determinants of the level of satisfaction. High fear of negative appearance evaluation by others (FNAE) and low @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) were strong psychological determinants. Although FNAE was higher in both @entity1 groups, @entity14062 was similar in all three groups. CONCLUSION: Satisfaction with facial appearance of individuals with a congenital or acquired @entity154 is similar and will seldom reach the level of satisfaction of non-disfigured @entity1 . A combination of surgical correction (with attention for facial profile and restoring facial functions) and psychological help (to increase @entity14062 and lower FNAE) may improve @entity1 satisfaction.
