The Effect of Preinjury Sleep XXXX and Symptoms After Sport-Related Concussion.

@entity1 @entity998 @entity73 @entity149 @entity25
BACKGROUND: Researchers have reported that sleep duration is positively related to baseline neurocognitive performance. However, researchers have yet to examine the effect of preinjury @entity25 on postconcussion impairments. PURPOSE: To compare @entity149 and symptoms of athletes with preinjury @entity25 to those without after a sport-related concussion (SRC). STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: The sample included 348 adolescent and adult athletes (age, mean    SD, 17.43    2.34 years) with a diagnosed SRC. The sample was divided into 2 groups: (1) 34 (10%) @entity1 with preinjury @entity25 (sleeping less as well as having @entity998 ; SLEEP SX) and (2) 231 (66%) @entity1 without preinjury @entity25 (CONTROL). The remaining 84 (24%) @entity1 with minimal @entity25 (1 symptom) were excluded. @entity1 completed the Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) and Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) at baseline and 3 postinjury intervals (2, 5-7, and 10-14 days after injury). A series of repeated-measures analyses of covariance with Bonferroni correction, controlling for baseline non-sleep-related symptoms, were conducted to compare postinjury neurocognitive performance between groups. Follow-up exploratory t tests examined between-group differences at each time interval. A series of analyses of variance were used to examine total PCSS score, sleep-related, and non-sleep-related symptoms across time intervals between groups. RESULTS: Groups differed significantly in PCSS scores across postinjury intervals for reaction time (P < .001), with the preinjury SLEEP SX group performing worse than controls at 5-7 days (mean    SD, 0.70    0.32 [SLEEP SX], 0.60    0.14 [CONTROL]) and 10-14 days (0.61    0.17 [SLEEP SX]; 0.57    0.10 [CONTROL]) after injury. Groups also differed significantly on verbal memory performance (P = .04), with the SLEEP SX (68.21    18.64) group performing worse than the CONTROL group (76.76    14.50) 2 days after injury. The SLEEP SX group reported higher total symptom (P = .02) and sleep-related symptom (P = .02) scores across postinjury time intervals. CONCLUSION: Preinjury @entity25 may exacerbate @entity149 and symptoms after concussion. The findings may help clinicians identify athletes who are at risk for @entity73 after a concussion due to preinjury @entity25 .
