Hepatolithiasis and the syndrome of XXXX : clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features.

@entity1 @entity32 @entity5572 @entity1733 @entity82 @entity4929 @entity5 @entity1457 @entity648 @entity2318 @entity2348 @entity6437 @entity1897 @entity201 @entity2876 @entity255
Primary hepatothiasis ( @entity1733 ) and @entity255 ( @entity255 ) are two terms describing the different aspects of the same disease, with @entity1733 emphasizing the pathologic changes and @entity255 emphasizing the clinical presentation and @entity32 . It is predominantly a disease of the Far East. In the 1960s, it was the third most common cause of emergency abdominal surgery at a university hospital in Hong Kong. Thereafter, its incidence has decreased considerably, possibly due to improved standards of living and Westernized diet. Clinically, @entity1 may present acutely with recurrent @entity2348 and its possible complications, such as @entity5572 and @entity1457 , or with chronic complications, such as @entity201 . Pathologically, it is characterized by pigmented @entity648 stones within dilated intrahepatic bile ducts featuring @entity32 , mural @entity82 , and proliferation of peribiliary glands, without @entity2876 . Episodes of @entity32 cumulate in sclerosing @entity1897 and parenchymal @entity82 resulting from collapse and @entity2318 . Mass-forming @entity6437 and @entity5 like @entity4929 and @entity201 are increasingly recognized complications. Modern imaging techniques allow definitive diagnosis, accurate assessment for treatment planning, and detection of complications. A multidisciplinary team approach (interventional endoscopist, interventional radiologist, hepatobiliary surgeon, and intensivists) is important for optimal @entity1 outcome.
