Bioremediation of XXXX contaminated sediment: degradation enhancement and improvement of bioavailability to promote treatment processes.

@entity4588 @entity653 @entity534 @entity2384 @entity2385 @entity7100
Bioremediation of @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) contaminated sediment was studied and degradation enhancement and improvement of bioavailability were also investigated. In @entity2385 spiked sediment, the half-life of @entity2385 in the control sample, representing natural attenuation, was 578 d indicating its persistence. In the stimulated sample (pH 7.5, aeration and incubated at 28  C), the half-life was significantly reduced to 11 d. Further stimulation by nutrient addition ( @entity4588 , @entity653 and @entity534 ) or inoculation with @entity7100 (   10(7) viable cells g(-1) of sediment) resulted in half-life reduction to 9 and 10d, respectively. In non-spiked sediment, the indigenous microorganisms were able to degrade aged @entity2385 , but the extended period of contamination decreased the degradation efficiency. To improve bioavailability, addition of surfactant, adjustment of salinity and sonication were studied. The highest percentage solubilisation of @entity2385 in water was obtained by adjusting salinity to 20 psu, which increased the solubility of @entity2385 from 13% to 33%. Half-lives after bioavailability was improved were 5, 4 and 4d for stimulation, stimulation w/nutrient addition and stimulation w/inoculation, respectively. However, natural attenuation in the control sample was not enhanced. The results show that providing suitable conditions is important in enhancing @entity2385 biodegradation, and bioavailability improvement additionally increased the rate and degraded amount of @entity2385 . Unfortunately, nutrient addition and inoculation of the degrader did not enhance the degradation appreciably.
