[Endoscopic management of bilateral XXXX after radiotherapy].

@entity1 @entity1695 @entity177 @entity530 @entity1011
BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: It is difficult to stent the obstructed ureters cystoscopically in @entity1 with @entity177 caused by radiotherapy for @entity530 . Commonly draining the kidney with nephrostomy is the only method for the @entity1 . However, external nephrostomy impacts on life quality of the @entity1 . We reported our experience in stenting the obstructed ureters using minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostomy combined with ureteroscopy, and investigated viability of endoscopic treatment for bilateral ureteral strictures following radiotherapy. METHODS: Indwelling double pigtail stents in ureter by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostomy combined with ureteroscopy was carried out in 19 @entity1 with bilateral ureteral strictures following radiotherapy. The clinical outcomes including ureteral drainage and renal function were reviewed. RESULTS: Bilateral retrograde placement of double pigtail stent was performed in 2 cases. Indwelling different size double pigtail stents in unilateral ureters were carried out in 17 cases. The @entity1 were followed-up for 1-24 months. Renal function was improved excellently in 17 cases, with serum @entity1011 level of 45 micromol/L to 113 micromol/L. Two @entity1 had poor renal function improvement after ureteral stenting and were converted to percutaneous nephrostomy for draining the kidney. CONCLUSION: Indwelling different size double pigtail stents simultaneously in unilateral ureter by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostomy is safe, simple, and effective in treating bilateral @entity1695 following radiotherapy.
