Microsurgical treatment of large and XXXX .

@entity1 @entity129 @entity3746 @entity5 @entity2103 @entity1823 @entity393
BACKGROUND: @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) are benign, highly vascularized lesions located in the jugular foramen with frequent invasion to the temporal bone, the upper neck, and the posterior fossa cavity. Their natural history, surgical treatment, and outcome have been well addressed in the recent literature; however, there is no consensus regarding the optimal management while minimizing treatment-related morbidity. In this study, we assessed the interdisciplinary microsurgical treatment and outcome of large TJP collected at a single center. METHODS: Out of 54 @entity1 with skull base @entity1823 , 14 (25%) presented with large TJP (Fisch grade C and D). Posterior fossa involvement was present in 10 @entity1 (Fisch D). Eleven @entity1 presented with @entity393 , two @entity1 with mild @entity2103 , and two @entity1 with lower @entity129 . Two other @entity1 with previous surgery presented with @entity5 regrowth. RESULTS: Preoperative embolization was performed in 13 cases. @entity5 removal was possible in 10 @entity1 . Hearing was preserved in four @entity1 with normal preoperative audiogram. The facial nerve was preserved in all @entity1 . Temporary @entity2103 occurred in two @entity1 and resolved in long-term follow-up. In three @entity1 , preexisting @entity2103 remained unchanged. Persistent @entity3746 was present in three @entity1 and was treated with laryngoplasty. The global recovery based on the Karnofsky performance scale was 100% in 10 @entity1 and 90% in 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Preoperative embolization and interdisciplinary microsurgical resection are the preferred treatment for selected @entity1 due to high @entity5 control rates and good long-term results.
