Anaerobic growth and improved fermentation of @entity28558 bearing a XXXX gene from @entity375 .

@entity6122 @entity70742 @entity44197 @entity26 @entity28558 @entity375 @entity1068 @entity413
Respiratory and fermentative pathways coexist to support growth and product formation in @entity28558 . This @entity375 grows rapidly without @entity1068 production under fully aerobic conditions, and it ferments @entity413 or @entity6122 under @entity26 -limited conditions, but it stops growing within one generation under anaerobic conditions. Expression of @entity375 @entity70742 (ScURA1) in @entity28558 enabled rapid anaerobic growth in minimal defined medium containing @entity413 when essential lipids were present. ScURA1 encodes a @entity44197 dehydrogenase that uses fumarate as an alternative electron acceptor to confer anaerobic growth. Initial @entity28558 transformants grew and produced 32 g/l @entity1068 from 78 g/l @entity413 . Cells produced even more @entity1068 faster following two anaerobic serial subcultures. Control strains without ScURA1 were incapable of growing anaerobically and showed only limited fermentation. @entity28558 cells bearing ScURA1 were viable in anaerobic @entity6122 medium for long periods, and supplemental @entity413 allowed cell growth, but @entity6122 alone could not support anaerobic growth even after serial anaerobic subculture on @entity413 . These data imply that @entity28558 can grow anaerobically using metabolic energy generated through fermentation but that it exhibits fundamental differences in cofactor selection and electron transport with @entity413 and @entity6122 metabolism. This is the first report of genetic engineering to enable anaerobic growth of a eukaryote.
