Complications related to the use of @entity602 for managing persistent postoperative XXXX after lumbar spinal surgery.

@entity1 @entity612 @entity602 @entity158 @entity1798 @entity9
OBJECT Structural spinal surgery yields improvement in @entity158 and disability for selected @entity1 with @entity612 , spondylolisthesis, or a herniated @entity1798 . A significant fraction of @entity1 exhibit persistent postoperative @entity9 (PPNP) despite technically appropriate intervention, and such @entity1 can benefit from @entity602 ( @entity602 ) to alleviate suffering. The complication profile of this therapy has not been systematically assessed and, thus, was the goal of this review. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify prospective cohorts of @entity1 who had PPNP following structurally corrective lumbar spinal surgery and who underwent @entity602 device implantation. Data about study design, technique of @entity602 lead introduction, and complications encountered were collected and analyzed. Comparisons of complication incidence were performed between percutaneously and surgically implanted systems, with the level of significance set at 0.05. RESULTS Review of 11 studies involving 542 @entity1 formed the basis of this work: 2 randomized controlled trials and 9 prospective cohorts. Percutaneous implants were used in 4 studies and surgical implants were used in 4 studies; in the remainder, the types were undefined. Lead migration occurred in 12% of cases, @entity158 at the site of the implantable pulse generator occurred in 9% of cases, and wound-related complications occurred in 5% of cases; the latter 2 occurred more frequently among surgically implanted devices. CONCLUSIONS Spinal cord stimulation can provide for improved @entity158 and suffering and for decreased narcotic medication use among @entity1 with PPNP after lumbar spinal surgery. This study reviewed the prospective studies forming the evidence base for this therapy, to summarize the complications encountered and, thus, best inform @entity1 and clinicians considering its use. There is a significant rate of minor complications, many of which require further surgical intervention to manage, including lead migration or implant infection, although such complications do not directly threaten @entity1 life or function.
