XXXX consumption and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.

@entity1 @entity167 @entity5 @entity74 @entity1068 @entity3094
Excessive @entity167 consumption and heavy smoking are the main risk factors for upper digestive tract @entity5 . @entity5 risk is dose-dependent and @entity167 and smoking have synergistic effects. @entity167 is not carcinogenic. However, its first metabolite- @entity3094 -has recently been shown to be a local carcinogen in @entity1 . Microbes representing normal @entity1 gut flora are able to produce @entity3094 from @entity1068 . This results in high local @entity3094 concentrations in the saliva and contents of the large intestine. Asian heavy drinkers with a @entity74 for detoxifying @entity3094 form an exceptional @entity1 'knockout' model for long-term @entity3094 exposure. The risk of @entity167 -related digestive tract @entity5 is particularly high among this population. All mechanisms that have an effect on salivary or intracolonic @entity3094 concentration are of importance. The message for prevention is that one should take care to have good oral hygiene and to avoid smoking, heavy drinking and drinking to intoxication.
