White and gray matter contributions to executive function recovery after XXXX .

@entity1 @entity131 @entity66 @entity75 @entity2205 @entity542 @entity62 @entity3057
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between regional white and gray matter volume loss and performance on executive functions (EFs) in @entity1 with penetrating @entity131 (pTBI). METHODS: We studied 164 pTBI @entity1 and 43 healthy controls from the Vietnam @entity542 Study. We acquired CT scans for pTBI @entity1 and divided them according to lesion localization (left and right prefrontal cortex [PFC]). We administered EF tests (Verbal Fluency, @entity2205 Making, Twenty Questions) and used voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) and group-based correlational and multiple regression analyses to examine the relative influence of gray and @entity62 on EF recovery. RESULTS: The VLSM analysis revealed that white and gray @entity62 were associated with impaired EFs. In the @entity66 group, damage to the PFC gray matter, anterior corona radiata, and @entity3057 ( @entity3057 ) were most correlated with functional recovery. Verbal Fluency, which involves a broad fronto-temporo-parietal network, was best predicted by @entity3057 lesion volume. @entity2205 Making and Twenty Questions, which is associated with more focal @entity75 , was better predicted by PFC lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that white matter volume loss can be a superior predictor of recovery and a crucial factor driving clinical outcome in functions involving a broad network such as Verbal Fluency. White matter damage may place additional burden on recovery by deteriorating signal transmission between cortical areas within a functional network.
