@entity282 and increased @entity1286 consumption follow pre- rather than post-incisional single dose epidural XXXX .

@entity1 @entity3522 @entity16145 @entity158 @entity1286 @entity282
BACKGROUND: Neuraxial administration of @entity1286 is an effective way of controlling @entity282 and reducing analgesic consumption. Some animal models have demonstrated that preemptive administration of neuraxial narcotics reduces @entity158 , while others have revealed the contrary. In addition, there have been no consistent results in clinical settings. This double-blind, randomized study compared the effects of pre- vs. post-incisional administration of neuraxial @entity1286 on @entity282 perception and analgesic requirements over 48 hours following laparotomy for open colectomy under standardized general anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 received epidural @entity1286 (3 mg) before the incision and saline after wound closure (MO1 group), and twenty @entity1 received epidural saline before the incision and @entity1286 after wound closure (MO2 group). Postoperatively, all @entity1 received @entity1286 boluses (1.5 mg) via intravenous @entity1 -controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and rescue doses of intramuscular @entity3522 (75 mg) every 6 hours, as needed. RESULTS: MO1 @entity1 used significantly (P<0.05) more @entity1286 than the MO2 group during the first 24 postoperative hours and activated the PCA device more frequently throughout the 48-hour study period. The MO1 group was characterized by significantly (P<0.05) higher self-rated @entity158 scores than the @entity16145 group throughout the study. The self-rated levels of sedation and satisfaction of the MO2 @entity1 were also consistently better (P<0.05) than those of the MO1 @entity1 , especially during the second postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Pre-incisional epidural @entity1286 in @entity1 undergoing open colonic surgery under general anesthesia was associated with more @entity282 , a greater need for analgesics, and poorer @entity1 satisfaction compared to post-incisional @entity1286 administration.
