An evaluation of the XXXX of 95 ingredients added individually to experimental cigarettes: approach and methods.

@entity35 @entity286 @entity137
CONTEXT: Ingredients have been used in modern cigarette manufacturing to facilitate @entity286 processing, provide flavor, and preserve @entity286 . Concern has been raised regarding the use of ingredients in cigarette manufacturing due to the possible generation of toxic chemicals resulting from their combustion when added to @entity286 . OBJECTIVE: Investigate the impact of individual ingredients on cigarette smoke @entity137 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 95 ingredients were tested individually through addition at different concentrations to the @entity286 of experimental cigarettes. Mainstream cigarette smoke chemistry analysis, bacterial mutagenicity testing, and @entity137 testing were conducted. Additionally, 31 of the ingredients were tested in 90-day nose-only @entity35 inhalation studies using mainstream cigarette smoke. Studies were designed following conventional @entity137 testing methods employed for food additives and other consumer products. RESULTS: The studies reported here demonstrate that high levels of some ingredients can change the quantity of some smoke constituents, altering the smoke chemistry profile. From the panel of biological endpoints monitored, these added ingredients produced minimal changes in the overall @entity137 profile of mainstream cigarette smoke. In some cases, the addition of high levels of an ingredient caused a small reduction in @entity137 findings, probably due to displacement of burning @entity286 . CONCLUSION: The battery of testing results presented here is a useful addition to the available scientific information for cigarette ingredients and extends the dataset which can be used for evaluating their appropriate use.
