Effect of XXXX on bacteriostatic activity of @entity233 monocytes and implications for food safety.

@entity233 @entity9170 @entity2348 @entity619 @entity526
UNASSIGNED: Stress has been shown to affect the immune system of @entity233 making them more susceptible to @entity2348 . Five-week-old male and female @entity233 were treated with 3 intra-muscular injections of @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) at 0, 0.5 and 2.0mg/kg body weight. Twenty-four hours after the third injection birds were bled and white blood cell (WBC) differentials and bacteriostatic activity of monocytes were measured. @entity9170 at both 0.5 and 2.0mg/kg decreased phagocytic activity in females only. Bacteriostatic activity was decreased at both concentrations of @entity9170 at 8 and 16h post-infection in both sexes and was lower in males as compared to females. Total WBC counts were increased in females at both concentrations of @entity9170 whereas male total WBC counts were unaffected. Both males and females had an increase in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Within the same study, replicate pens of @entity233 were challenged with intra-air sac inoculation of 100cfu of @entity526 . Isolation of @entity526 was significantly increased by both @entity9170 and @entity526 challenge, but there were no differences between sexes. These results suggest that stress can compromise the bacteriostatic activity of @entity233 monocytes and increase bacterial colonization of blood and tissues, potentially affecting food safety.
