Gender differences in the expression of XXXX proteins: the effect of @entity172 .

@entity172 @entity19515 @entity63 @entity34445 @entity1457 @entity18273 @entity28379 @entity53 @entity299 @entity35 @entity28915 @entity65
The @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are an important family of endogenous, protective proteins that are found in all tissues. In the heart, @entity34445 , the inducible form of @entity18273 , has been the most intensely studied. It is well established that @entity34445 is induced with @entity63 and is cardioprotective. Overexpression of other HSPs also is protective against @entity299 . Recently, we observed that @entity53 increases levels of HSPs in male @entity35 cardiac myocytes. We hypothesized that there were gender differences in @entity34445 expression in the heart secondary to @entity172 . To test this hypothesis, we examined cardiac levels of @entity34445 by ELISA in male and female @entity35 . In addition, three other HSPs were assessed by Western blot ( @entity28915 , @entity28379 , and @entity19515 ). To determine whether @entity172 status affected @entity34445 expression in other muscles or tissues, two other muscle tissues, slow twitch muscle (soleus muscle) and fast twitch muscle (gastrocnemius muscle), were studied as well as two other organs, the kidney and liver. Because @entity34445 is cardioprotective, and females are known to have less @entity65 premenopause, the effects of ovariectomy were examined. We report that female @entity35 hearts have twice as much @entity34445 as male hearts. Ovariectomy reduced the level of @entity34445 in female hearts, and this could be prevented by @entity172 replacement therapy. These data show that the expression of cardiac @entity34445 is greater in female @entity35 than in male @entity35 , due to upregulation by @entity172 .
