[ XXXX therapy in orthopedics].

@entity282 @entity158
@entity282 management adheres to the principles of a three-step routine according to the WHO recommendations. This routine suggests the combination of a basic non-opioid (step I) with an opioid of low potency (step II) or high potency (step III). Non-opioids are routinely administered prior to an opioid. While i.v. application is the treatment of choice in the immediate postoperative course, a switch to @entity158 medication is preferred as early as possible. With oral opioid therapy preference should be given to slow release drugs. Intramuscular application of @entity158 medication has little place in @entity282 management. In order to lower the need for systemic @entity158 medication, @entity282 management is supplemented by regional anesthesia administered pre- or intraoperatively. Requirement for @entity158 medication beyond normal or increasing with postoperative time is suggestive of a postsurgical complication. Among the numerous drugs available for @entity282 management, the physician is advised to confine his selection of @entity158 medication to a limited number in order to gain superior knowledge of effects and side effects of the drugs administered.
