[Epidural opiates for relief of XXXX (author's transl)].

@entity1 @entity5 @entity1337 @entity281 @entity1341 @entity6882 @entity3575 @entity1286 @entity1118
Epidural opiate application was performed in 75 @entity1 with @entity1118 due to @entity5 . To reduce the risk of @entity281 , the epidural catheter was in part placed subcutaneously. Degree and duration of @entity1337 were determined after epidural @entity1286 (with and without @entity1341 ), @entity6882 or @entity3575 . Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were measured and side-effects were registered. The longest duration of @entity1337 was observed after epidural @entity1286 . In long-term treatment there was a reduced efficiency and the frequency of daily injections increased, especially in those @entity1 who already had received systemic opiates prior to the epidural opiate administration. This may be due to tolerance of the spinal receptors. A combination of epidural @entity1286 with small doses of local anesthetics caused prolonged action and delayed the onset of tolerance. Besides slight influences on respiratory function, which may be referred to the initial period of systemic absorption, there were no relevant side-effects. Regarding certain precautions the epidural application of @entity1286 may have advantages in comparison to systemic analgetics in treatment of @entity1118 .
