Evaluation of a holistic cardiac rehabilitation in the reduction of biopsychosocial risk factors among @entity1 with XXXX .

@entity1 @entity308 @entity301 @entity1674 @entity299 @entity165
The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lifestyle Change Program (LSCP). LSCP was a holistic cardiac rehabilitation (CR) intervention focusing on several psychosocial and biological predictors of @entity301 including @entity308 , hostility, low social support, high perceived stress, low spirituality, low life satisfaction, overall health status and @entity165 levels. Utilising a quasi-experimental design, overall health scores of LSCP @entity1 were compared with those of a control group. To assess differences within-and between- groups, two (programme type)   2 (age)   2 (gender)   2 (time) mixed design ANOVAs were used. Within-group relationships for psychosocial assessments and @entity165 levels were analysed using paired-samples t-tests. Results suggest that there were no significant differences between the LSCP group and the control group with regard to overall health status. However, the LSCP @entity1 reported significantly lower levels of @entity308 and perceived stress, as well as significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and spirituality upon programme completion. In addition, lipid panels changed significantly: A significant decrease in total @entity165 , low-density lipoproteins and @entity1674 , as well as a significant increase in high-density lipoproteins. These trends suggest that holistic CR may be effective at reducing biopsychosocial risk factors for future @entity299 . Future studies, utilising an experimental design, are necessary to determine whether holistic programmes are more effective than traditional programmes in the reduction of cardiac risk factors.
