Bone mineral density in XXXX and @entity1 with @entity447 and B: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

@entity1 @entity447 @entity170 @entity1503 @entity79
SUMMARY: Although @entity447 is not considered among the classic causes of secondary @entity170 , the present meta-analysis provides strong evidence that @entity1 with @entity447 have a significant reduction in both lumbar spine and femoral @entity79 , which appears to begin in childhood. INTRODUCTION: @entity447 is not considered among the classic causes of secondary @entity170 . The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for case-control trials that have studied bone mass in males with @entity447 and to meta-analyze the best evidence available. METHODS: Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for case-control trials that have studied bone mass in @entity1 or @entity1 with @entity447 . Standardized mean difference (SMD) for @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in the lumbar spine was the main study outcome and @entity79 the secondary ones. @entity1 and control characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and @entity1503 were recorded as possible predictors of the main outcome. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review and ten in the main outcome meta-analysis. @entity1 with @entity447 demonstrated reduced lumbar spine [random effects SMD [95 % confidence interval (CI)] = -0.56 (-0.84, -0.28), between-study heterogeneity (I (2))   =   51 %] and femoral neck @entity79 [random effects SMD (95 % CI) = -0.82 (-1.21, -0.44), I (2)   =   63 %] compared with controls, which indicated a large and clinically significant association. Similar results were obtained for @entity1 [random effects SMD (95 % CI) = -0.92 (-1.77, -0.07), I (2)   =   92 %]. No evidence of publication bias was detected. There was no evidence that age, BMI, level of physical activity or presence of @entity1503 predicted lumbar spine @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows that @entity1 with @entity447 present a significant reduction in both lumbar spine and hip @entity79 , which appears to begin in childhood.
