Nebulized XXXX and @entity4509 in @entity2489 caused by @entity796 .

@entity1 @entity796 @entity55 @entity2177 @entity4509 @entity2489 @entity1167 @entity5505
RATIONALE: In experimental @entity55 , nebulization of antibiotics provides high lung tissue concentrations and rapid bacterial killing. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of nebulized @entity5505 and @entity4509 in @entity2489 caused by @entity796 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity2489 caused by @entity796 were included in a randomized comparative phase II trial. Twenty @entity1 infected with susceptible or intermediate strains received nebulized @entity5505 (15 mg  kg(-1)  3 h(-1)) and @entity4509 (25 mg  kg(-1)  d(-1)). Seventeen @entity1 infected with susceptible strains received intravenous @entity5505 (90 mg  kg(-1)  d(-1), continuous administration) and @entity4509 (15 mg  kg(-1)  d(-1)). In three @entity1 infected with intermediate strains, @entity4509 was replaced by @entity2177 (400 mg  12 h(-1)). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: After 8 days of antibiotic administration, aerosol and intravenous groups were similar in terms of successful treatment (70 vs. 55%), treatment failure (15 vs. 30%), and superinfection with other microorganisms (15 vs. 15%). Antibiotic-induced changes in lung aeration, determined by computed tomography, were not different between groups (increase in gas volume, 159    460 vs. 251    583 ml; decrease in tissue volume, -58 [-77, 25] vs. -89 [-139, 5] ml). Acquisition of per-treatment antibiotic resistance was observed exclusively in the intravenous group. In the aerosol group, four @entity1 infected with intermediate strains were successfully treated. Nebulization induced an obstruction of the expiratory filter in three @entity1 . The obstruction caused @entity1167 in one @entity1 , who fully recovered after brief cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: Nebulization and intravenous infusion of @entity5505 and @entity4509 provide similar efficiency for treating @entity2489 caused by @entity796 . Nebulization is efficient against intermediate strains and may prevent per-treatment acquisition of antibiotic resistance.
