Identification of XXXX , 6, and 8 levels around miniscrews during orthodontic tooth movement.

@entity1 @entity7260 @entity7259 @entity235 @entity28634
The aim of this study was to identify the levels of @entity28634 , @entity7259 , and @entity7260 around miniscrews used for anchorage during @entity235 distalization. Sixteen @entity1 (eight males and eight females; mean age, 16.6    2.4 years) who were treated with bilateral upper first premolar extractions were included in the study. Thirty-two maxillary miniscrew implants were placed bilaterally in the alveolar bone between the maxillary second premolars and first molars as anchorage units for maxillary @entity235 distalization. Three groups were constructed. The treatment, miniscrew, and control groups consisted of upper @entity235 , miniscrew implants, and upper second premolars, respectively. Peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were obtained at baseline (T1) and at 1 (T2), 24 (T3), and 48 (T4) hours, 7 (T5) and 21 (T6) days, and 3 months (T7) after force application. Paired sample t-tests were used to determine within-group changes and Dunnett's t and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests for between-group multiple comparisons. During the 3 month period, @entity28634 levels significantly increased (P < 0.01) but only in the treatment group after 24 hours. @entity7259 levels were unchanged at all times points in the three groups. @entity7260 levels increased significantly at 1 (P < 0.05), 24 (P < 0.01), and 48 (P < 0.01) hours in the treatment group and at 24 (P < 0.05) and 48 (P < 0.01) hours in the miniscrew group. It appears that miniscrews can be used for anchorage in orthodontics when correct physiological forces are applied.
