Supraorbital Keyhole Approach to the Skull Base: Evaluation of Complications Related to CSF Fistulas and Opened Frontal XXXX .

@entity1 @entity260 @entity693 @entity5254 @entity50
UNASSIGNED: Aim   Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity5254 due to a @entity50 ( @entity50 ) presents one of the main postoperative complications of the supraorbital keyhole approach. The goal of this study was to further analyze the actual surgical morbidity and potential risk for @entity1 due to an opened @entity50 after a surgery via a supraorbital craniotomy and compare the results with data published in the current literature. Methods and @entity1   A total of 350 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgeries via the supraorbital keyhole approach for various lesions were included in this retrospective study. Information on clinical history, neurologic symptoms, surgical @entity260 was obtained retrospectively by a review of the @entity1 ' charts, the radiologic reports, and a thorough review of pre- and postoperative cranial computed tomography (CCT) imaging. Results   The frequency of CSF @entity5254 after this type of craniotomy in the literature is reported to range between 0% and 9.1%. In this study, analysis of postoperative CCT scans revealed that 88 @entity1 (25.1%) showed a radiographic breach of the @entity50 . Only 8 of these @entity1 (2.3%) developed a CSF leak with @entity5254 postoperatively. In all cases conservative treatment with lumbar drainage failed, and therefore a surgical revision for permanent closure was required. Only one @entity1 (0.3%) with a CSF leak also developed @entity693 . Conclusion   Inadvertent opening of the @entity50 during the supraorbital craniotomy is a common surgery-related morbidity; however, the risk for the @entity1 to develop a potentially dangerous @entity693 was found to be minimal.
