Effects of long-term @entity2727 treatment in adolescent and adult XXXX on hippocampal shape, functional connectivity and adult neurogenesis.

@entity1 @entity308 @entity71 @entity7541 @entity35 @entity2727
UNASSIGNED: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a widely prescribed stimulant drug for the treatment of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in @entity1 and adolescents. Its use in this age group raises concerns regarding the potential interference with ongoing neurodevelopmental processes. Particularly the hippocampus is a highly plastic brain region that continues to develop postnatally and is involved in cognition and emotional behavior, functions known to be affected by @entity7541 . In this study, we assessed whether hippocampal structure and function were affected by chronic oral @entity7541 treatment and whether its effects were different in adolescent or adult @entity35 . Using behavioral testing, resting-state functional MRI, post-mortem structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immunohistochemistry, we assessed @entity7541 's effects on recognition memory, @entity308 -like behavior, topological features of functional connectivity networks, hippocampal shape and markers for hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation. Object recognition memory was transiently impaired in adolescent treated @entity35 , while in animals treated during adulthood, increased @entity308 -like behavior was observed. Neurogenesis was increased in adolescent treated @entity35 , whereas cell proliferation was decreased following adult treatment. Adolescent treated @entity35 showed inward shape deformations adjacent to ventral parahippocampal regions known to be involved in recognition memory, whereas such deformations were not observed in adult treated animals. Irrespective of the age of treatment, @entity7541 affected topological features of ventral hippocampal functional networks. Thus, chronic oral treatment with a therapeutically relevant dose of @entity7541 preferentially affected the ventral part of the hippocampus and induced contrasting effects in adolescent and adult @entity35 . The differences in behavior were paralleled by opposite effects on adult neurogenesis and granule cell proliferation.
