Differential gene expression between XXXX and non- @entity10281 @entity5157 ( @entity5157 L.) hives.

@entity5157 @entity146 @entity10281 @entity4334 @entity110
BACKGROUND: @entity146 is a complex, genetically-based quantitative trait that serves as a key defense mechanism against parasites and diseases in @entity5157 . Yet, the genomic basis and functional pathways involved in the initiation of this behavior are still unclear. Deciphering the genomic basis of @entity146 is a prerequisite to developing an extensive repertoire of genetic markers associated to the performance level of this quantitative trait. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed an RNA-seq on brain samples of 25 @entity5157 per hives from five @entity10281 and three @entity110 . RESULTS: This analysis revealed that a limited number of functional genes are involved in @entity5157 @entity146 . The genes identified, and especially their location in the @entity5157 genome, are consistent with previous findings. Indeed, the genomic sequences of most differentially expressed genes were found on the majority of the QTL regions associated to the @entity146 described in previous studies. According to the Gene Ontology annotation, 15 genes are linked to the GO-terms DNA or @entity4334 binding, indicating a possible role of these genes in transcription regulation. Furthermore, GO-category enrichment analysis revealed that electron carrier activity is over-represented, involving only genes belonging to the cytochrome P450. Cytochrome P450 enzymes' overexpression can be explained by a disturbance in the regulation of expression induced by changes in transcription regulation or sensitivity to xenobiotics. Over-expressed cytochrome P450 enzymes could potentially degrade the odorant pheromones or chemicals that normally signal the presence of a diseased brood before activation of the removal process thereby inhibit @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings improve our understanding on the genetics basis of the @entity146 . Our results show that @entity146 relies on a limited set of genes linked to different regulation patterns (expression level and biological processes) associated with an over-expression of cytochrome P450 genes.
