Antivascular ultrasound therapy: XXXX validation and activation of the immune response in @entity19 @entity320 .

@entity8236 @entity137 @entity548 @entity63 @entity19 @entity5 @entity2996 @entity519 @entity320
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of antivascular ultrasound (US) with dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ), contrast-enhanced sonography, and histopathologic analysis in a @entity19 @entity320 model. METHODS: Subcutaneous K1735 @entity19 @entity320 were grown in syngeneic C3H/HeN @entity19 . @entity5 perfusion characteristics were measured before antivascular US treatment with both dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2996 and high-resolution contrast-enhanced sonography. @entity5 were subsequently treated with 1 or 3 minutes of continuous low-intensity US after intravenous administration of a US contrast agent. Treatment effects were assessed by quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2996 , contrast-enhanced sonography, histopathologic analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Low-intensity antivascular US treatment resulted in approximately a doubling and tripling of the time to peak enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2996 in the 1- and 3-minute treatment groups, respectively, along with a significant decrease in contrast wash-out (P < .01). There was a potent reduction in @entity5 perfusion on contrast-enhanced sonography, with approximately 40% and 70% reductions in the @entity5 area perfused as assessed by contrast-enhanced sonography after 1 (P < .05) and 3 (P < .01) minutes of antivascular US. The pathologic and histologic changes spatially correlated with the regions of diminished perfusion seen on contrast-enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2996 . Antivascular US therapy resulted in a significant increase in the number of @entity519 -inducible factor 1A(+) cells, indicating @entity5 (P < .01), and of @entity8236 (+)/CD3(+) cells in @entity5 after treatment, in keeping with increased T-cell infiltration (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Antivascular US treatment effects extend beyond direct @entity137 from @entity548 to include @entity63 -mediated @entity137 , enhanced small molecule retention, and intratumoral immune activation.
