Executive attention control and emotional responding in XXXX - A functional MRI study.

@entity1 @entity73 @entity71 @entity2915
BACKGROUND: There are suggestions that @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) @entity73 in executive attention control and emotion regulation. This study investigated emotion regulation as a function of the recruitment of executive attention in @entity1 with @entity71 . METHODS: Thirty-five healthy @entity1 /adolescents (mean age  =  13.91) and twenty-six @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 (mean age  =  14.53) participated in this fMRI study. They completed the affective Stroop paradigm viewing positive, neutral and negative images under varying cognitive loads. A 3-way ANOVA (diagnosis-by-condition-by-emotion) was conducted on the BOLD response data. Following this, 2 3-way ANOVAs (diagnosis-by-condition-by-emotion) were applied to context-dependent psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses generated from a dorsomedial frontal cortex and an amygdala seed (identified from the BOLD response ANOVA main effects of condition and emotion respectively). RESULTS: A diagnosis-by-condition interaction within dorsomedial frontal cortex revealed reduced recruitment of dorsomedial frontal cortex as a function of increased task demands in the @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 relative to healthy @entity1 /adolescents. The level of reduction in recruitment of dorsomedial frontal cortex was significantly correlated with symptom severity (total and @entity2915 ) measured by Conner's Parent Report Scale in the @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 . In addition, analysis of gPPI data from a dorsomedial frontal cortex seed revealed significant diagnosis-by-condition interactions within lateral frontal cortex; connectivity between dorsomedial frontal cortex and lateral frontal cortex was reduced in the @entity1 with @entity71 relative to comparison youth during congruent and incongruent task trials relative to view trials. There were no interactions of group, or main effect of group, within the amygdala in the BOLD response ANOVA (though @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 showed increased responses to positive images within temporal cortical regions during task trials; identified by the diagnosis-by-condition-by-emotion interaction). However, analysis of gPPI data from an amygdala seed revealed decreased connectivity between amygdala and lentiform nucleus in the presence of emotional stimuli in @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 (diagnosis-by-emotion interaction). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrated disrupted recruitment of regions implicated in executive function and impaired connectivity within those regions in @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 . There were also indications of heightened representation of emotional stimuli in @entity1 with @entity71 . However, as the findings were specific for positive stimuli, the suggestion of a general failure in emotion regulation in @entity71 was not supported.
