Rationale and design for the Predictors of XXXX in End Stage @entity8 ( @entity13379 ) study.

@entity1164 @entity1 @entity8 @entity13379 @entity943 @entity65 @entity454
BACKGROUND: @entity1164 occurs commonly in the @entity454 population receiving dialysis, with 25% dying of @entity1164 over 5  years. Despite this high risk, surprisingly few prospective studies have studied clinical- and dialysis-related risk factors for @entity1164 and arrhythmic precursors of @entity1164 in @entity454 . METHODS/DESIGN: We present a brief summary of the risk factors for @entity943 and @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity454 as the rationale for the Predictors of @entity65 in End Stage @entity8 ( @entity13379 ) study, a prospective cohort study of @entity1 recently initiated on chronic hemodialysis, with the overall goal to understand arrhythmic and @entity1164 risk. @entity1 were screened for eligibility and excluded if they already had a pacemaker or an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. We describe the study aims, design, and data collection of 574 incident hemodialysis @entity1 from the Baltimore region in Maryland, U.S.A.. @entity1 were recruited from 27 hemodialysis units and underwent detailed clinical, dialysis and cardiovascular evaluation at baseline and follow-up. Cardiovascular phenotyping was conducted on nondialysis days with signal averaged electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, pulse wave velocity, ankle, brachial index, and cardiac computed tomography and angiography conducted at baseline. @entity1 were followed annually with study visits including electrocardiogram, pulse wave velocity, and ankle brachial index up to 4  years. A biorepository of serum, plasma, DNA, RNA, and nails were collected to study genetic and serologic factors associated with disease. DISCUSSION: Studies of modifiable risk factors for @entity1164 will help set the stage for clinical trials to test therapies to prevent @entity1164 in this high-risk population.
