XXXX ingestion but not mouth rinse maintains sustained attention when fasted.

@entity413 @entity2133 @entity435 @entity1735
UNASSIGNED: @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) receptors in the mouth signal brain areas involved in cognitive tasks relying upon motivation and task persistence; however, the minimal @entity435 dose that improves mental activity is unclear. PURPOSE: To determine if @entity435 (via ingestion or oral rinse) influences sustained attention without eliciting glycemic responses when in a fasted state. METHODS: Study A: Six healthy adults completed five treatment trials, ingesting 0-6% @entity435 solutions to evaluate glycemic response. Peak blood @entity413 for 6% and 1.5% @entity435 was greater (p<0.05) than 0% and 0.4% @entity435 ; thus, the low 0.4% @entity435 was evaluated further. Study B: Following an overnight fast, ten healthy adults completed three trials in a crossover design: 1) 400ml 0.4% @entity435 ingested serially via 25ml boluses, 2) 375ml 0% @entity435 control (CON) ingested followed by one 25ml 6% @entity435 isocaloric (1.5g @entity435 ) mouth rinse, and 3) CON ingest followed by CON rinse. Following treatments, a 20min Continuous Performance Task (CPT) was performed to assess accuracy and precision. RESULTS: Accuracy and precision were not different during the first 5min of CPT. However, accuracy was maintained with @entity435 ingest (p=1.0) but decreased over 20min (p<0.05) with both @entity435 and CON rinse treatments. Precision tended to decline over 20min CPT with CON (p=0.06) and @entity435 rinse (p=0.05) but were maintained with @entity435 ingest (p=1.0). No differences in glycemic responses were observed between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2133 rinsing CON or @entity435 (1.5g in 6% @entity435 ), ingestion of an isocaloric low- @entity435 drink maintained sustained attention over a mentally fatiguing task and appears effective after fasting without eliciting a glycemic response.
