XXXX after Lumbar Disc Surgery: Prevention and Outcome Evaluation.

@entity1 @entity82 @entity158 @entity230 @entity11252
STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study designed and conducted over 10 years from 2002 to 2012. PURPOSE: The study aimed to monitor the effect of suction drains (SD) on the incidence of @entity82 ( @entity82 ) and to test, if the use of SD alone, SD with local @entity230 application, SD combined with fat grafts and local @entity230 application, or SD combined with fat grafts and without local @entity230 application, would improve outcome. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: @entity82 contributes to significant @entity11252 . Efforts have been tried to reduce postoperative @entity82 , but none were ideal. METHODS: Between September 2002 and 2012, 290 @entity1 with symptomatic unilateral or bilateral, single-level lumbar disc herniation were included in the study. Two groups were included, with 165 @entity1 in group I (intervention group) and 125 @entity1 in group II (control group). Group I was subdivided into four subgroups: group Ia (SD alone), group Ib (SD+fat graft), group Ic (SD+local @entity230 ), and group Id (SD+fat graft+local @entity230 ). RESULTS: The use of SD alone or combined with only fat grafts, fats grafts and local @entity230 application, or only local @entity230 application significantly improved @entity1 outcome and significantly reduced @entity82 as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CONCLUSIONS: This study has clearly demonstrated the fact that the use of suction drainage alone or combined with only fat grafts, fats grafts and local @entity230 application, or only local @entity230 application significantly improved @entity1 outcome with respect to @entity158 relief and functional outcome and significantly reduced @entity82 as measured by an MRI. A simple grading system of @entity82 on MRI was described.
