Limited lipid-lowering effects of regular consumption of whole XXXX foods.

@entity101 @entity3093 @entity1674 @entity1460 @entity1718 @entity6400 @entity165
AIM: To examine cardiovascular health benefits of foods containing a whole @entity1460 extract. METHODS: The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of consuming soy-based milk and yoghurt (treatment) or equivalent dairy products (control) for 5 weeks each. Twenty-six mildly hypercholesterolaemic and/or @entity101 volunteers were recruited from the community as study volunteers, of which 23 completed. Main outcome measures included clinic and ambulatory blood pressure, arterial compliance, lipids, @entity1718 and @entity6400 in fasted blood and 24-hour urinary @entity3093 excretion. Nutrient intakes were assessed initially and after each 5-week period. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictor variables in statistical models; order effects were tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Changes in Lp(a) were determined by Wilcoxon signed ranks tests; other differences between treatment and control were assessed by t tests. RESULTS: Plasma and urinary @entity6400 were markedly increased by whole soy supplementation but there were no overall differences in plasma lipids, blood pressure or arterial compliance between the soy and dairy diets. However, in 8 equol-positive subjects (equol detected in either plasma or urine), retrospective analysis revealed significant reductions in total @entity165 (8.5%), LDL @entity165 (10%), LDL:HDL ratio (13.5%), plasma @entity1674 (21%) and lipoprotein(a) (11%) with the soy diet. These reductions were independent of changes in polyunsaturated fat and other macronutrient intakes. CONCLUSIONS: Regular consumption of whole @entity1460 milk and yogurt products had no effect on plasma lipids, blood pressure or arterial compliance in at-risk subjects, despite substantially increasing @entity3093 levels in blood and urine. Retrospective analysis suggests that improvement of plasma lipids may have been limited to equol-positive subjects.
