Effects of XXXX on Trefoil factor 1 expression in cultured ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.

@entity10157 @entity12175 @entity4286 @entity49012 @entity35 @entity9501 @entity4149 @entity1928 @entity23320
UNASSIGNED: Trefoil factor 1 ( @entity49012 ) belongs to a family of secreted peptides that are mainly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, @entity49012 has been suggested to operate as a neuropeptide, however, its specific cellular expression, regulation and function remain largely unknown. We have previously shown that @entity49012 is expressed in developing and adult @entity35 ventral mesencephalic @entity4149 hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) dopaminergic neurons. Here, we investigated the expression of @entity49012 in @entity35 ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons (embryonic day 14) grown in culture for 5, 7 or 10days in the absence (controls) or presence of either @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ), @entity1928 or the combination. No @entity49012 -ir cells were identified at day 5 and only a few at day 7, whereas TH was markedly expressed at both time points. At day 10, several @entity49012 -ir cells were detected, and their numbers were significantly increased after the addition of @entity10157 (2.2-fold) or @entity1928 (4.1-fold) compared to controls. Furthermore, the combination of @entity10157 and @entity1928 had an additive effect and increased the number of @entity49012 -ir cells by 5.6-fold compared to controls. @entity49012 expression was restricted to neuronal cells, and the percentage of TH/ @entity49012 co-expressing cells was increased to the same extent in @entity10157 and @entity1928 -treated cultures (4-fold) as compared to controls. Interestingly, the combination of @entity10157 and @entity1928 resulted in a significantly increased co-expression (8-fold) of TH/ @entity49012 , which could indicate that @entity10157 and @entity1928 targeted different subpopulations of TH/ @entity49012 neurons. Short-term treatment with @entity1928 resulted in an increased number of @entity49012 -ir cells, and this effect was significantly reduced by the @entity23320 inhibitor @entity4286 or the @entity12175 ( @entity12175 ) inhibitor @entity9501 , suggesting that @entity1928 induced @entity49012 expression through diverse signaling pathways. In conclusion, distinct populations of cultured dopaminergic neurons express @entity49012 , and their numbers can be increased by factors known to influence survival and differentiation of dopaminergic cells.
