Efficacy of cumulative high-frequency rTMS on freezing of gait in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity6556 @entity191
PURPOSE: Freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) affects mobility and balance seriously. Few reports have investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on @entity6556 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). We investigated the efficacy of high-frequency rTMS for the treatment of @entity6556 in @entity191 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity191 were recruited in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. We applied high frequency rTMS (90% of resting motor threshold, 10Hz, 1,000 pulses) over the lower leg primary motor cortex of the dominant hemisphere (M1-LL) for five sessions in a week. We also administered alternative sham stimulation with a two-week wash out period. The primary outcomes were measured before, immediately after, and one week after the intervention using the Standing Start 180   Turn Test (SS-180) with video analysis and the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire ( @entity6556 -Q). The secondary outcome measurements consisted of Timed Up and Go (TUG) tasks and the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III). Motor cortical excitability was also evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in the step required to complete the SS-180 and @entity6556 -Q in the rTMS condition compared to the sham condition, and the effects continued for a week. The TUG and UPDRS-III also showed significant ameliorations over time in the rTMS condition. The MEP amplitude at 120% resting motor threshold and intracortical facilitation also increased after real rTMS condition. CONCLUSIONS: High frequency rTMS over the M1-LL may serve as an add-on therapy for improving @entity6556 in @entity191 .
