Correlation between protection against XXXX by probiotic therapy and stimulation of a novel bacterial phylotype.

@entity35 @entity788 @entity295 @entity6124
Prophylactic probiotic therapy has shown beneficial effects in an experimental @entity35 model for acute @entity788 on the health status of the animals. Mechanisms by which probiotic therapy interferes with severity of acute @entity788 and associated @entity295 , however, are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to identify the probiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota and to correlate these changes to disease outcome. Duodenum and ileum samples were obtained from healthy and diseased @entity35 subjected to @entity788 for 7 days and prophylactically treated with either a multispecies probiotic mixture or a placebo. Intestinal microbiota was characterized by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. These analyses showed that during acute @entity788 the host-specific ileal microbiota was replaced by an "acute @entity788 -associated microbiota." This replacement was not reversed by administration of the probiotic mixture. An increase, however, was observed in the relative abundance of a novel bacterial phylotype most closely related to Clostridium lituseburense and referred to as commensal @entity35 ileum bacterium (CRIB). Specific primers targeting the CRIB 16S rRNA gene sequence were developed to detect this phylotype by quantitative PCR. An ileal abundance of CRIB 16S rRNA genes of more than 7.5% of the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene pool was correlated with reduced duodenal @entity6124 , reduced bacterial translocation to remote organs, improved pancreas pathology, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels in plasma. Our current findings and future studies involving this uncharacterized bacterial phylotype will contribute to unraveling one of the potential mechanisms of probiotic therapy.
