Monitoring of head injured XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1545 @entity101 @entity26 @entity542 @entity1779
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews recent advances in multimodality monitoring of @entity1 following severe @entity542 during the period of 2004-2005. RECENT FINDINGS: Whilst intracranial pressure measurement remains the cornerstone of neuromonitoring, analysis of the intracranial pressure waveform provides additional information, which may help guide treatment and predict outcome. Non-invasive detection of intracranial @entity101 and assessment of cerebral perfusion pressure and autoregulation is the focus of ongoing research. Although jugular venous saturation monitoring remains a useful method for detecting global hypoperfusion its sensitivity to regional ischaemia is low. Brain tissue @entity26 monitoring overcomes this deficiency and sheds new light on the pathophysiology of @entity1779 following @entity1545 . Further studies are required to define ischaemic thresholds and their association with outcome. Extracellular brain pH has been recently linked to outcome and further studies are required to establish the role of pH regulation. Monitoring of brain metabolism using a cerebral microdialysis continues to develop its niche in clinical neuromonitoring, although it currently remains a research tool. SUMMARY: Multimodality neuromonitoring plays an important role in managing @entity1 with severe @entity542 . It helps guide treatment, provides prognostic information and explores the pathophysiology of evolving @entity1545 .
