Clinical and molecular significance of XXXX in transplant kidney biopsies.

@entity1 @entity32 @entity465
UNASSIGNED: The diagnostic criteria for @entity465 ( @entity465 ) are continuously evolving. Here we investigated the clinical and molecular significance of different @entity32 ( @entity32 ) scores in transplant kidney biopsies. A total of 356 @entity1 with clinically indicated kidney transplant biopsies were classified into three groups based on @entity32 scores of 0, 1, 2, or more for Groups 1-3, respectively. Gene expression profiles were assessed using arrays on a representative subset of 93 @entity1 . The incidence of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies was increased from 25% in Group 1 to 36% in Group 2 and to 54% in Group 3. Acute and chronic @entity465 were significantly more frequent in Group 3 (15% and 35%) compared with the Group 2 (3% and 15%) and Group 1 (0% and 5%), respectively. Gene expression profiles showed increased interferon-y and rejection-induced, cytotoxic and regulatory T-cell, natural killer cell-associated and donor-specific antibody (DSA)-selective transcripts in Group 3 compared with Groups 1 and 2. There was no significant difference in gene expression profiles between the Groups 1 and 2. Increased intragraft expression of DSA-selective transcripts was found in the biopsies of C4d- Group 3 @entity1 . Thus, an @entity32 score of 2 or more was significantly associated with a histological diagnosis of acute and chronic @entity465 . Hence, increased intragraft DSA-selective gene transcripts may be used as molecular markers for @entity465 , especially in C4d- biopsies.Kidney International advance online publication, 30 September 2015; doi:10.1038/ki.2015.276.
