@entity86 following XXXX in non-ventilated @entity1 versus mechanically ventilated @entity1 : is there any difference?

@entity1 @entity3256 @entity712 @entity796 @entity2892 @entity55 @entity794 @entity7120 @entity2489 @entity6728 @entity86 @entity299 @entity3400
INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) and non- @entity2489 following @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity86 following @entity299 with a special focus on non- @entity2489 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity299 @entity1 developed @entity86 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity2489 . @entity1 with @entity2489 had more frequent history of @entity712 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity1 with non- @entity2489 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity796 (20.2%) and @entity6728 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 in the non- @entity2489 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity1 with @entity2489 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity2489 group and 42% in the @entity2489 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity3400 / @entity7120 or @entity2892 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity2489 and non- @entity2489 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity1 with @entity2489 are more severely ill than non- @entity2489 @entity1 following @entity299 . Nevertheless, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity1 with @entity55 following @entity299 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity55 , and targeting @entity794 in @entity2489 @entity1 .
