Issues and controversies in the plain-film diagnosis of XXXX in the chest.

@entity401 @entity74 @entity1355 @entity456
This article reviews the chest radiographic manifestations of @entity1355 exposure. While the chest radiograph (CXR) is a highly valuable tool in the evaluation of @entity1355 -related disease, there are ongoing controversies regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the plain film in diagnosing @entity74 . Autopsy series indicate that at least 60% of @entity456 may be overlooked. Conversely, such series indicate that up to 20% of plaques are falsely diagnosed. The significance of visceral @entity456 and positive predictive value of diffuse @entity456 as they relate to @entity1355 exposure are unresolved issues. Data suggest that the CXR may fail to reflect significant @entity1355 in 10% to 20% of cases. On the other hand, the presence of overlying @entity456 as well as technical factors may contribute to overreading of @entity401 . Data on the rate of false positive readings for @entity1355 are limited. Considered alone, the CXR can support but not specifically establish nor exclude the diagnosis of @entity1355 . In practice, an ILO grade of less than 1/0 implies that the diagnosis is unlikely. A constellation of positive CXR findings may increase specificity, although the diagnosis rests on a combination of multiple clinical criteria.
