Effects of fish oil and spirulina on oxidative stress and @entity32 in XXXX hamsters.

@entity32 @entity753 @entity1007 @entity65 @entity165
BACKGROUND: Altered plasma lipids, oxidative stress, and @entity32 have been involved in the pathogenesis of @entity65 . Fish oil has shown inconclusive effects on plasma lipids and oxidative stress. Spirulina has both @entity165 lowering and antioxidant properties. However, the effect of fish oil and spirulina on @entity1007 has not been studied. We investigated the effects of fish oil, spirulina, and their combination on @entity1007 . METHODS: The hamsters were divided into 7 groups: control, high @entity165 (HF), fish oil (post FO), spirulina (post SP), and a combination of fish oil and spirulina (post SF, pre-SF, and HF   +   SF) groups. The HF and HF   +   SF groups were given a high @entity165 diet for 8  weeks. The post FO, post SP, and post SF groups were given a high @entity165 diet for 4  weeks and then the treatment for 4  weeks. The pre-SF group was given the combined treatment for 4  weeks and then a high @entity165 diet for 4  weeks. RESULTS: The HF and HF   +   SF groups altered plasma lipids, increased oxidative stress, inhibited antioxidants, and increased @entity32 . While the post FO group increased plasma lipids and was more atherogenic. The vice versa was observed in spirulina-treated group. Both the post SP and post SF groups inhibited oxidative stress and increased antioxidant status, and post FO and post SP diets regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines to near the control levels. CONCLUSIONS: Both single treatment of fish oil or spirulina inhibit oxidative stress and @entity32 . Treatment with a combination of fish oil and spirulina (post SF) may be beneficial for diet-induced @entity753 hamsters.
