The Antibiotic XXXX Impairs the Interactions between Shiga Toxins and @entity1 Neutrophils.

@entity1 @entity10952 @entity558 @entity23345 @entity137 @entity16 @entity6414 @entity3272 @entity281 @entity1381 @entity2939 @entity687 @entity526
UNASSIGNED: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) is the life-threatenig sequela of @entity281 by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing @entity526 (STEC) in @entity1 . @entity1 neutrophils specifically bind Stx through @entity2939 , the receptor of @entity558 . The binding could be considered protective (Stx sequestration) or harmful (toxin delivery to target organs). The amount of Stx on neutrophils is in equilibrium with the amount of Stx present in the gut, and it is also related to @entity16 . The @entity2939 -mediated interaction of @entity558 with innate immune cells is hampered by the well-known antibiotic @entity6414 . In this study, we show that the same antibiotic impairs the binding of Stx to neutrophils, also blocking their functional effects (release of @entity687 , formation of neutrophil/platelet aggregates) involved in @entity1381 pathogenesis. Controls for contaminating @entity558 in Stx-induced neutrophil responses inhibited by @entity6414 were performed. Stx interact with @entity1 neutrophils through their A chain, since these leukocytes do not express globotriaosylceramide, the specific receptor for Stx B chains. Consistently, @entity6414 blocked the enzymatic activity of @entity10952 , @entity23345 , @entity10952 chain, and the analogous plant protein gelonin, whereas the antibiotic did not show any protective effect on Stx-induced @entity137 in globotriaosylceramide-expressing Raji cells. Antibiotic administration is not recommended in @entity1 STEC infections during the prodromal intestinal phase, and the @entity137 of @entity6414 could further discourage its therapeutic use. However, nontoxic, nonbactericidal @entity3272 derivatives have been developed and might be used in animal models of @entity281 to study their efficacy in preventing the onset of @entity1381 during the systemic blood phase of Stx.
