Repetitive XXXX , chronic @entity131 and tau: Challenges in translating from mice to @entity1 .

@entity1 @entity131 @entity146 @entity542 @entity8638
UNASSIGNED: @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) is a neurological and @entity146 condition marked by preferential perivascular foci of neurofibrillary and glial tangles (composed of hyperphosphorylated-tau proteins) in the depths of the sulci. Recent retrospective case series published over the last decade on athletes and military personnel have added considerably to our clinical and histopathological knowledge of @entity8638 . This has marked a vital turning point in the @entity131 ( @entity131 ) field, raising public awareness of the potential long-term effects of mild and moderate @entity131 , which has been recognized as one of the major risk factors associated with @entity8638 . Although these @entity1 studies have been informative, their retrospective design carries certain inherent limitations that should be cautiously interpreted. In particular, the current overriding issue in the @entity8638 literature remains confusing in regard to appropriate definitions of terminology, variability in individual pathologies and the potential case selection bias in autopsy based studies. There are currently no epidemiological or prospective studies on @entity8638 . Controlled preclinical studies in animals therefore provide an alternative means for specifically interrogating aspects of @entity8638 pathogenesis. In this article, we review the current literature and discuss difficulties and challenges of developing in-vivo @entity131 experimental paradigms to explore the link between repetitive @entity542 and tau-dependent changes. We provide our current opinion list of recommended features to consider for successfully modeling @entity8638 in animals to better understand the pathobiology and develop therapeutics and diagnostics, and critical factors, which might influence outcome. We finally discuss the possible directions of future experimental research in the @entity131 / @entity8638 field.
