@entity7739 and FGF strongly induce differentiation of XXXX ES cells into oral ectoderm.

@entity19 @entity36035 @entity2241 @entity7739
During embryonic development, oral ectoderm differentiates into the adenohypophysis, dental epithelia, salivary glands, and nasal pit. Few reports exist concerning the induction of oral ectoderm from embryonic stem (ES) cells. Generally, any lot differences in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) and serum replacer may affect the induction of ES cell-differentiation. Using a previously established culture strategy for differentiation, the proportion of cell aggregates containing @entity36035 + oral ectoderm varied widely between 9-36% when several different lots of @entity2241 or serum replacer were used. We therefore tried to enhance the differentiation method. We found that @entity7739 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) treatments improved oral ectoderm induction. Such treatment also improved the differentiation of oral ectoderm into the adenohypophysis. Furthermore, increased @entity7739 treatment induced dental epithelium and mesenchyme. Such differentiation suggests that the @entity36035 + layer displays similar properties to oral ectoderm, as found in vivo. Differentiation of ES cells into oral ectoderm using different lots of @entity2241 and serum replacer increased 78-90% after treatment with @entity7739 and FGF. In summary, we have established a robust strategy for the induction of oral ectoderm differentiation from @entity19 ES cells.
