Management of detrusor external XXXX in @entity1494 .

@entity1 @entity3551 @entity1690 @entity455 @entity2758 @entity323 @entity1494 @entity548 @entity130 @entity602 @entity3041 @entity3025 @entity177 @entity1566 @entity12805 @entity1791 @entity15 @entity293 @entity4685
@entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) affects 11.5 to 53.4 individuals per million of the population in developed countries each year. @entity1566 is caused by @entity130 , although it can also result from @entity602 , @entity4685 , @entity455 or @entity2758 and @entity15 . @entity1 with complete lesions of the spinal cord between spinal cord level T6 and S2, after they recover from spinal shock, generally exhibit @entity1494 without sensation, smooth sphincter synergy, but with detrusor striated @entity1690 (DESD). Those with lesions above spinal cord level T6 may experience, in addition, smooth @entity1690 and @entity12805 . DESD is a debilitating problem in @entity1 with @entity1566 . It carries a high risk of complications, and even life expectancy can be affected. Nearly half of the @entity1 with untreated DESD will develop deleterious urologic complications, due to high intravesical pressures, resulting in @entity1791 , @entity293 ( @entity293 ), @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ), @entity3041 , @entity3551 , and @entity177 . The mainstay of treatment is the use of antimuscarinics and catheterization, but in those for whom this is not possible external sphincterotomy has been a last resort option. External sphincterotomy is associated with significant risks, including @entity548 ; @entity323 and the possibility of redo procedures. Over the last decade alternatives have been investigated, such as urethral stents and intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection. In this review, we will cover neurogenic DESD, with emphasis on definition, classifications, diagnosis and different therapeutic options available.
