Determination of XXXX and @entity29641 in Tussilago farfara using microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized hot water extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

@entity73081 @entity6559 @entity2716 @entity2507 @entity5500 @entity15 @entity29641
Tussilago farfara (Kuan Donghua) is an important Chinese herbal medicine which has been shown to contain many bioactive compounds and widely used to relieve cough and resolve phlegm. However, besides therapeutic bioactive compounds, this herb has been found to contain toxic @entity5500 ( @entity6559 ), mainly @entity73081 and traces of @entity29641 . In this report, conditions for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) were optimized for the extraction of the @entity6559 . The results were compared against heating under reflux. It was found that the binary mixture of @entity2716 : @entity2507 (1:1) acidified using HCl to pH 2-3 was the optimal solvent for the extraction of the @entity6559 in the plant materials. Liquid chromatography (LC) with ultra-violet (UV) detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI- @entity15 ) in the positive mode was used for the determination and quantitation of @entity73081 and @entity29641 in the botanical extract. The proposed extraction methods with LC/ @entity15 allow for the rapid detection of the major and the minor alkaloids in T. farfara in the presence of co-eluting peaks. With LC/ @entity15 , the quantitative analysis of @entity6559 in the extract was done using internal standard calibration and the precision was found to vary from 0.6% to 5.4% on different days. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) for MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 0.26 microg/g to 1.04 micro/g and 1.32 micro/g to 5.29 microg/g, respectively. The method precision of MAE and PHWE were found to vary from 3.7% to 10.4% on different days. The results showed that major and minor alkaloids extracted using MAE and PHWE were comparable to that by heating under reflux. Our data also showed that significant ion suppression was not observed in the analysis of @entity73081 and @entity29641 in the botanical extracts with co-eluting peaks.
