Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overweight and XXXX among @entity1 Aged 6-59 Months in Cameroon: A Multistage, Stratified Cluster Sampling Nationwide Survey.

@entity1 @entity28 @entity2973
BACKGROUND: @entity28 is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 (<5 years) in Cameroon, based on weight-for-height index, has doubled between 1991 and 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 aged 6 months to 5 years in Cameroon in 2011. METHODS: Four thousand five hundred and eighteen @entity1 (2205 @entity1 and 2313 @entity1 ) aged between 6 to 59 months were sampled in the 2011 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) database. Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores based on WHO 2006 reference population was chosen to estimate @entity2973 (BMI z-score > 2) and @entity28 (BMI for age > 3). Regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors of @entity2973 / @entity28 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 was 8% (1.7% for @entity28 alone). @entity1 were more affected by @entity2973 than @entity1 with a prevalence of 9.7% and 6.4% respectively. The highest prevalence of @entity2973 was observed in the Grassfield area (including @entity1 living in West and North-West regions) (15.3%). Factors that were independently associated with @entity2973 and @entity28 included: having @entity2973 mother (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.51; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97) and @entity28 mother (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI = 155 to 3.07), compared to having normal weight mother; high birth weight (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.28) compared to normal birth weight; male gender (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.95); low birth rank (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.72); being aged between 13-24 months (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.66) and 25-36 months (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.93 to 4.13) compared to being aged 45 to 49 months; living in the grassfield area (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.79) compared to living in Forest area. Muslim appeared as a protective factor (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95).compared to Christian religion. CONCLUSION: This study underlines a high prevalence of early childhood @entity2973 with significant disparities between ecological areas of Cameroon. Risk factors of @entity2973 included high maternal BMI, high birth weight, male gender, low birth rank, aged between 13-36 months, and living in the Grassfield area while being Muslim appeared as a protective factor. Preventive strategies should be strengthened especially in Grassfield areas and should focus on sensitization campaigns to reduce @entity2973 and @entity28 in mothers and on reinforcement of measures such as surveillance of weight gain during antenatal consultation and clinical follow-up of @entity1 with high birth weight. Meanwhile, further studies including nutritional characteristics are of great interest to understand the association with religion, @entity1 age and ecological area in this age group, and will help in refining preventive strategies against childhood @entity2973 and @entity28 in Cameroon.
