One-year results of a randomized, double-blind, active controlled trial of fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections with or without @entity230 in managing chronic XXXX without disc herniation or @entity614 .

@entity1 @entity1667 @entity1643 @entity5935 @entity134 @entity3303 @entity158 @entity230 @entity717 @entity614 @entity890
BACKGROUND: Lumbar radicular @entity158 pathophysiology continues to be the subject of research and debate as @entity158 is increasingly seen as a cause of non-specific @entity1643 . Among non-surgical methods used to manage @entity1643 with or without disc herniation, epidural injections are one of the most common modalities. However, there is little evidence utilizing contemporary methodology for using epidural injections in @entity1 with @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial. SETTING: An interventional @entity158 management practice, a specialty referral center, a private practice setting in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of caudal epidural injections with local anesthetic, with or without @entity230 , in managing @entity1643 without disc herniation or @entity614 . METHODS: A total of 120 @entity1 were assigned to one of 2 groups. Group I @entity1 received caudal epidural injections with local anesthetic ( @entity3303 0.5% 10 mL); Group II @entity1 received caudal epidural injections with 9 mL of 0.5% @entity3303 mixed with 1 mL of @entity134 (either brand name or non-particulate @entity5935 [6 mg] or @entity1667 [40 mg]). Computer-generated randomization and random allocation sequence by simple randomization were the randomization techniques utilized. OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT: Multiple outcome measures were utilized which included the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the @entity717 Index 2.0 (ODI), employment status, functional status, and opioid intake at 3, 6, and 12 months post treatment. Significant @entity158 relief and functional status improvement were described as a 50% or more reduction in scores from baseline. RESULTS: Significant @entity158 relief and functional status improvement were observed in 55% of the @entity1 in Group I and 68% of the @entity1 in Group II. In contrast, 84% of @entity1 in Group I and 85% in Group II saw significant @entity158 relief and functional status improvement in the successful group (62% in Group I and 68% in Group II). The average procedures per year were 3.8    0.9 for Group I and 4.3    0.9 for Group II. Average @entity158 scores decreased from 8.0    0.9 to 4.3    1.79 for Group I and from 7.9    1.0 to 3.8    1.59 for Group II. There were no differences among the @entity1 receiving one of the 3 @entity230 . LIMITATIONS: The results of this study are limited by lack of a placebo group. CONCLUSION: Caudal epidural injections with local anesthetic with or without @entity230 are effective in @entity1 with @entity1643 of discogenic origin without facet @entity158 , @entity890 .
