To be an ally or an adversary in XXXX : the NF-kB story has not unfolded.

@entity5 @entity9135 @entity1 @entity150
UNASSIGNED: Signaling and regulation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) has been an area of extensive research since its first discovery nearly three decades ago. Members of the NF-kB family have been reported to critically mediate a multitude of responses in normal cells. Therefore, it is not surprising that NF-kB function can go awry and result in pathological conditions including @entity5 . Despite its critical importance, the functional role of NF-kB has not received the same attention in cancers of all tissue types. In the case of @entity150 , which is the second most common @entity5 , the involvement of NF-kB in the development of superficial or muscle invasive disease and during @entity5 recurrence is rudimentary at best. Nuclear expression of @entity9135 / @entity9135 is seen in @entity150 @entity1 and has been found to negatively affect survival of @entity1 with superficial and muscle invasive disease. Despite these observations, the exact mechanism of NF-kB upregulation and function remains unknown. Furthermore, the emergence of a @entity5 suppressive role for NF-kB in recent years suggests that the family may play the role of a double-edged sword in @entity5 , which remains unexplored in @entity150 . The challenge now is to delineate the increasing complexity of this pathway in the development and progression of @entity150 . Here, we review key aspects of the current knowledge of signaling and regulation by the NF-kB family focusing on its controversial role in @entity5 and highlight the importance of studying NF-kB in @entity150 in particular.
