311 temperature during overnight holding in meiosis inhibitor-free medium affects chromatin configuration and meiotic resumption in XXXX oocytes.

@entity1641 @entity2455 @entity26 @entity7361 @entity1167
Immature @entity1641 oocytes may be held overnight in an Earle's/Hanks' M199-based medium in the absence of meiotic inhibitors (EH medium) to schedule the onset of in vitro maturation. Holding in EH has been shown not to affect meiotic or developmental competence of @entity1641 oocytes (Choi et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 955-963). However, no studies have been performed to identify the mode by which this medium suppresses meiosis. We hypothesised that holding temperature may affect oocyte @entity1167 . The effect of 3 holding temperatures (25, 30, 38  C) on chromatin status was investigated after @entity2455 staining (Hinrichs et al. 2005 Biol. Reprod. 72, 1142-1150). Oocytes were recovered by scraping of follicles from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries. Data were analysed by Chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunn's or Holm-Sidak Multiple Comparison methods. A level of P<0.05 was considered significant. There were no significant differences in chromatin configuration between oocytes held overnight at 25  C (25  C-held) and controls (immediately-fixed oocytes); the proportion of oocytes showing meiotic resumption was 1/27, 4% and 0/26, 0%, respectively (not significant, NS). In contrast, holding at higher temperature significantly increased meiosis resumption (14/38, 37% and 14/28, 50%, at 30 and 38  C, respectively; P<0.01) and reduced the proportion of oocytes showing the most meiotically-competent germinal-vesicle (GV) configuration (condensed chromatin, CC; 24 to 29% v. 65 to 70% for control and 25  C-held, respectively; P<0.05). Based on these results, a subsequent experiment was performed in which oocyte meiotic stage and mitochondrial (mt) potential of 25  C-held (n=29) and control (n=36) oocytes was evaluated. Nuclear chromatin, mt activity (MitoTracker orange), intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) levels ( @entity7361 , @entity7361 ), and mt/ROS colocalization (Pearson's coefficient) were analysed by epifluoscence and confocal microscopy (Martino et al. 2012 Fertil. Steril. 97, 720-728). @entity1167 after EH treatment at 25  C was confirmed (0/29, 0% v. 5/36, 14% for meiotic resumption in 25  C-held and controls, respectively; NS). At any GV stage, 25  C-held treatment had no effect on mt activity, ROS levels, or mt/ROS colocalization. For example, in CC oocytes, values for control and 25  C-held, respectively, were: MitoTracker, 547.8  499.5 v. 722.9  390.3; DCF fluorescence intensity, 278.5  179.3 v. 378  185, and mt/ROS colocalization, 0.5  0.1 v. 0.5  0.2; these were not significantly different (NS). In conclusion, EH holding at 25  C maintains @entity1167 , viability, and mt potential of @entity1641 oocytes.
