Lower urinary tract dysfunction in XXXX with @entity75 .

@entity1 @entity131 @entity64 @entity322 @entity66 @entity1276 @entity1313 @entity75 @entity5 @entity73 @entity1188 @entity2182 @entity62
UNASSIGNED: @entity64 and @entity1313 are well-known @entity75 . The incidence of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in these @entity1 ranges from 14% to 53%, mostly @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ), and is higher when the frontal cortex is involved. This presumably reflects damage at the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and other areas that regulate (mainly inhibit) the micturition reflex. @entity62 ( @entity62 ) is a chronic, bilateral form of @entity66 , leading to a high prevalence of @entity2182 (up to 90%). Since @entity62 is particularly common in the elderly, @entity62 may be one of the anatomic substrates for elderly @entity2182 . @entity131 and normal-pressure @entity1276 are rather diffuse @entity75 , which cause @entity2182 with a prevalence rate of 60-95%. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown a relationship between LUTD and the frontal cortex in these diseases. Data on other @entity75 , particularly affecting deep @entity75 , are limited. Small @entity1188 , @entity5 , or inflammatory diseases affecting the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and cerebellum lead to mainly @entity2182 . In contrast, similar diseases affecting the brainstem lead to either @entity2182 or urinary retention. The latter reflects damage at the periaqueductal gray and the pontine micturition center that directly relay and modulate the micturition reflex. @entity322 ( @entity322 ) in @entity75 can be divided into two types: neurogenic @entity322 (due to @entity2182 ) and functional @entity322 (immobility and @entity73 ). These two types of @entity322 may occur together, but management differs significantly. Management of neurogenic @entity322 includes anticholinergic drugs that do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier easily. Management of functional @entity322 includes behavioral therapy (timed/prompted voiding with physical assistance and bladder/pelvic floor training) and drugs to treat gait as well as cognition that facilitate continence. These treatments will maximize the quality of life in @entity1 with @entity75 .
