Evaluating XXXX of Shuang-Huang-Lian in vitro and in vivo.

@entity1 @entity650 @entity137 @entity310 @entity7651 @entity687 @entity98 @entity358 @entity1729 @entity35 @entity73022 @entity13259
ETHNOPHARMAOCOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) is a traditional Chinese formula and has been used for the treatment of @entity1729 by inhalation. However, the @entity358 via inhalation is largely uninvestigated. AIM OF STUDY: To evaluate the @entity358 of SHL following in vivo intratracheal spray to @entity35 and in vitro exposures to A549 and @entity1 cells. METHODS: @entity1 and A549 cells were exposed to SHL, @entity13259 , @entity7651 and @entity73022 solutions and in vitro @entity137 was evaluated using an @entity98 assay, whilst @entity35 were subjected to intratracheal administration of SHL solutions and in vivo @entity137 was indicated by assaying the LDH activity and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and observing the histopathologic changes of the lungs. Secretion of inflammatory mediators, including @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity310 , in cell culture media and BALF was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: The MTT cell viability data revealed the presence of minor @entity137 to @entity1 or A549 cells following exposure to SHL and its major ingredients for 24h or 48 h. However, the cell cultural media showed no sign of inflammatory responses. The in vivo results showed that exposures to SHL at doses of up to 50mg/kg did not significantly increase the total protein content, the LDH activity and the concentrations of @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity310 in BALF. However, although intratracheal sprayed SHL at doses of up to 6 mg/kg for histopathologic study and up to 25mg/kg for cell counts showed no sign of adverse effects, inhaled SHL at elevated doses appeared to induce alveolar fusion in the lung and significant increases in the cell number of monocytes and granulocytes in the BALF. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the pulmonary safety of inhaled SHL was dependent on the administered dose. Inhalation therapy of SHL may be safely used when the inhaled dose was properly controlled.
