Sex Differences in Monocyte Activation in @entity1252 ( XXXX ).

@entity1 @entity650 @entity32 @entity2937 @entity5750 @entity22532 @entity7938 @entity6801 @entity1252 @entity1011 @entity2939
INTRODUCTION: @entity22532 and @entity6801 signaling pathways have been extensively studied in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) as possible mediators of disease. Monocytes are a major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and are understudied in @entity1252 . In the current project, we investigated sex differences in monocyte activation and its implications in @entity1252 disease pathogenesis. METHODS: @entity1 blood samples from 27 healthy male controls, 32 healthy female controls, and 25 female @entity1 with @entity1252 matched for age and race were studied. Monocyte activation was tested by flow cytometry and ELISA, including subset proportions, @entity5750 , @entity7938 and @entity2937 expression, the percentage of @entity650 -producing monocytes, plasma levels of sCD14 and @entity650 , and urine levels of @entity1011 . RESULTS: Monocytes were significantly more activated in @entity1 compared to @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity1252 compared to controls in vivo. We observed increased proportions of non-classic monocytes, decreased proportions of classic monocytes, elevated levels of plasma sCD14 as well as reduced surface expression of @entity5750 on monocytes comparing @entity1 to @entity1 and @entity1252 @entity1 to controls. Plasma levels of @entity650 were positively related to sCD14 and serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSION: Monocyte activation and @entity2939 responsiveness are altered in @entity1 compared to @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity1252 compared to controls. These sex differences may allow persistent systemic @entity32 and resultant enhanced @entity1252 susceptibility.
