Interaction of XXXX and inflammation in elderly subjects with poor cognitive function.

@entity39 @entity303 @entity73 @entity731 @entity688 @entity65
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory response is associated with @entity73 among individuals with @entity65 . METHOD: All 85-year-old inhabitants of Leiden (n = 599) were visited at their place of residence. A history of @entity65 and an EKG were used as indicators of @entity731 . Production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor @entity39 factor-alpha and the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 was assessed in a whole-blood assay using lipopolysaccharide as a stimulus. Global cognitive functioning was determined with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); attention, cognitive speed, and memory were determined with four neuropsychological tests; and a history of @entity303 was obtained. RESULTS: In subjects with @entity65 , median MMSE scores were lower in those with a pro-inflammatory response when compared with those with an anti-inflammatory response (p = 0.02). Similar associations were found for the Stroop Test, measuring attention (p < 0.01), the Coding Test measuring cognitive speed (p = 0.02), the Word Learning Test measuring memory (p < 0.01), and the presence of @entity303 (p = 0.04). The associations remained unaltered after adjustments for possible confounders such as gender, level of education, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, use of cardiovascular drugs, and cardiovascular risk factors. In contrast, outcomes of the cognitive tests and presence of @entity303 were not dependent on the inflammatory response when @entity65 was absent. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity65 and a pro-inflammatory cytokine response may be associated with @entity73 and @entity303 .
