Differentiation of V beta 8.2+ CD4+ T cells induced by a superantigen: roles of XXXX and cytokines.

@entity2047 @entity19 @entity60 @entity5003 @entity1618 @entity1358 @entity58
The activation and subsequent differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into functionally distinct effector cells is a vital step in the generation of an effective immune response to protein antigens. To analyse the development of effector T cells following the activation of resting, naive CD4+ T cells, we have utilized a transgenic @entity19 model in which the majority of T cells express a common T-cell receptor V beta molecule. The resting T cells were purified and stimulated in vitro with staphylococcal enterotoxin B, in the presence of accessory cells expressing class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. We found that the cells which developed from these primary cultures were capable of producing varying levels of @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ), @entity58 and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) following restimulation with anti-V beta 8 antibody, irrespective of whether B cells or macrophages/dendritic cells were the accessory cells in the primary cultures. The addition of @entity58 during primary stimulation enhanced the differentiation of @entity58 -producing cells and suppressed the expansion of @entity60 -producing cells, especially when B cells were the @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Neutralization of endogenously produced @entity5003 , even in the presence of exogenous @entity58 , did not inhibit the differentiation of @entity58 -producing T cells. Strikingly, @entity1618 completely suppressed the development of effector T cells when adherent macrophages/dendritic cells were utilized as accessory cells in the primary cultures, but had minimal effect in the presence of B cells. @entity60 suppressed the generation of @entity58 -producing cells, presumably by inhibiting their expansion following primary activation. Finally, in vitro-generated @entity58 -producing T cells were the most potent helpers for B lymphocytes. Thus, exogenous cytokines alter the patterns of T-cell differentiation in vitro, and the effects of cytokines vary depending on the types of accessory cells present during initial T-cell activation.
