Increased XXXX activity and decreased myocyte proliferation in chronic alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

@entity296 @entity589 @entity101 @entity588 @entity49162 @entity167 @entity299 @entity67 @entity1068
BACKGROUND: Apoptosis mediates in @entity167 -induced @entity299 leading to @entity296 ( @entity296 ). Myocyte proliferation may compensate for myocyte loss. @entity49162 is upregulated after cardiac damage and by @entity167 consumption thereby decreasing myocyte renewal. We assess the potential role of @entity167 in inducing myocyte apoptosis as well as in inhibiting myocyte proliferation. METHODS: Heart samples were obtained from organ donors, including 22 high @entity167 consumers, 22 with @entity101 , 8 with other causes of @entity296 , and 10 healthy donors. Evaluation included medical record with data on daily, recent and lifetime @entity1068 consumption, chest X-ray, left ventricular (LV) function assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography, and LV histology and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL, @entity589 , and @entity588 assays. Myocyte proliferation was evaluated with Ki-67 assay. @entity49162 activity was measured with a specific immunohistochemical assay. @entity296 was assessed by functional and histological criteria. RESULTS: Alcoholic and @entity101 donors with @entity296 showed higher apoptotic indices than did their partners without @entity296 . @entity49162 activity was higher in alcoholics than in controls, mainly in those with @entity296 . The increase in @entity49162 expression in alcoholic @entity296 was higher than in other groups. The Ki-67 proliferation index increased in all groups with @entity296 compared to those without @entity296 , with alcoholics showing a lower increase in this proliferation response. CONCLUSIONS: @entity167 produces cardiac myocyte loss through apoptosis but also partially inhibits myocyte proliferation through @entity49162 up-regulation. The final result may suppose an imbalance in myocyte homeostasis, with a net loss in total ventricular myocyte mass and progressive @entity67 .
