Radiation dose-response relationships for XXXX and @entity1669 in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors 55-58 years after radiation exposure.

@entity1 @entity1375 @entity2743 @entity1669 @entity1161 @entity5 @entity9384 @entity1374
CONTEXT: Effects of irradiation on @entity1374 such as @entity9384 and @entity1669 have not been evaluated among @entity1 exposed to radiation more than 50 years in the past. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity1374 and their radiation-dose responses in atomic bomb survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Survey study comprising 4091 cohort members (mean age, 70 [SD, 9] years; 1352 @entity1 and 2739 @entity1 ) who participated in the thyroid study at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Thyroid examinations were conducted between March 2000 and February 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity1374 , including @entity9384 (malignant and benign) and @entity1669 , and the dose-response relationship of @entity1161 in each @entity1374 . RESULTS: @entity1374 were identified in 1833 (44.8%) of the total @entity1 (436 @entity1 [32.2% of @entity1 ] and 1397 @entity1 [51.0% of @entity1 ]) (P<.001). In 3185 @entity1 , excluding @entity1 exposed in utero, not in the city at the time of the atomic bombings, or with unknown radiation dose, the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity5 , benign nodules, and cysts was 14.6%, 2.2%, 4.9%, and 7.7%, respectively. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibodies, antithyroid antibody-positive @entity1375 , and @entity2743 was 28.2%, 3.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity5 , benign nodules, and cysts (P<.001). We estimate that about 28% of all solid nodules, 37% of @entity5 , 31% of benign nodules, and 25% of cysts are associated with radiation exposure at a mean and median thyroid radiation dose of 0.449 Sv and 0.087 Sv, respectively. No significant dose-response relationship was observed for positive antithyroid antibodies (P = .20), antithyroid antibody-positive @entity1375 (P = .92), or @entity2743 (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: A significant linear radiation dose response for @entity9384 , including @entity5 and benign nodules, exists in atomic bomb survivors. However, there is no significant dose response for @entity1669 .
