Treatment of XXXX with medication, surgery and type A botulinum toxin.

@entity1 @entity1766 @entity1036 @entity2318 @entity2473 @entity5662 @entity7776 @entity9663 @entity3066 @entity2053
A total of 39 @entity1 with essential @entity9663 and 2 @entity1 with hemifacial @entity2473 were treated with one or more forms of therapy. All @entity1 underwent neurologic and ophthalmic assessment to rule out ocular causes of @entity9663 . Thirty-six @entity1 were given a trial of various medications. Only one @entity1 was successfully treated: her condition was markedly improved with @entity1766 after @entity5662 , @entity2053 and @entity7776 had failed to help. @entity1 who did not respond to drug therapy were offered the option of undergoing @entity3066 muscle stripping surgery. The six @entity1 who underwent surgery showed considerable improvement; however, side effects such as frontal anesthesia, exposure @entity1036 , lagophthalmus, @entity2318 and eyelid malposition occurred, and three of the six had residual @entity2473 . At this point type A botulinum toxin became available. A total of 27 @entity1 (26 who did not respond to drug therapy, including the 3 with residual @entity2473 after surgery, and 1 previously untreated @entity1 ) received type A botulinum toxin injections. Most experienced rapid relief from their spasms. The beneficial effects lasted weeks to months, and there were no major side effects. Treatment with type A botulinum toxin appears to be a safe and effective means of temporarily relieving @entity9663 . The long-term results with repeated injections are yet to be determined.
