Dual role of @entity5 -infiltrating T helper 17 cells in XXXX @entity14 .

@entity1 @entity14284 @entity5737 @entity3335 @entity404 @entity16365 @entity5 @entity5075 @entity4155 @entity4071 @entity14 @entity687 @entity405
BACKGROUND: The immune contexture predicts prognosis in @entity1 @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Whereas @entity5 -infiltrating @entity405 + T cells and myeloid @entity4071 + @entity3335 ( @entity3335 )+ cells are associated with favourable clinical outcome, @entity4155 -producing cells have been reported to correlate with severe prognosis. However, their phenotypes and functions continue to be debated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical relevance, phenotypes and functional features of @entity14 , @entity4155 -producing cells. METHODS: @entity4155 staining was performed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray including 1148 CRCs. Phenotypes of @entity4155 -producing cells were evaluated by flow cytometry on cell suspensions obtained by enzymatic digestion of clinical specimens. Functions of @entity14 -isolated, @entity4155 -producing cells were assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS: @entity4155 + infiltrates were not themselves predictive of an unfavourable clinical outcome, but correlated with infiltration by @entity405 + T cells and @entity4071 + @entity3335 + neutrophils. Ex vivo analysis showed that @entity5 -infiltrating @entity4155 + cells mostly consist of @entity404 + T helper 17 (Th17) cells with multifaceted properties. Indeed, owing to @entity4155 secretion, @entity14 -derived Th17 triggered the release of protumorigenic factors by @entity5 and @entity5 . However, on the other hand, they favoured recruitment of beneficial neutrophils through @entity687 secretion and, most importantly, they drove highly cytotoxic @entity5075 + @entity14284 + @entity405 + T cells into @entity5 tissue, through @entity5737 and @entity16365 release. Consistent with these findings, the presence of intraepithelial, but not of stromal Th17 cells, positively correlated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the dual role played by @entity5 -infiltrating Th17 in @entity14 , thus advising caution when developing new @entity4155 /Th17 targeted treatments.
