Relationship between menopause and XXXX : a cross-sectional study in a Portuguese population.

@entity1 @entity6730 @entity1464 @entity548 @entity2520 @entity7278 @entity2524
BACKGROUND: Menopause is associated with important systemic and oral changes. Many researchers have tried to evaluate the influence of hormonal changes associated with menopause in the periodontium, however results are contradictory. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the possible effects of menopause on the severity of @entity2520 and @entity2524 , by considering several general, oral and periodontal parameters. METHODS: 102 @entity1 with @entity7278 , and at least six teeth, were divided into two groups: a study group (SG) consisting of 68 menopausal @entity1 and a control group (CG) consisting of 34 premenopausal @entity1 . The @entity1 had extensive anamnesis, made by a single senior periodontologist, which collected demographic data, medical and gynaecological history and habits. Additionally, oral and periodontal parameters including: number of teeth, plaque index, presence of calculi, probing depth, @entity548 on probing, @entity1464 and @entity6730 were recorded. The following statistical tests were used: Chi-square, Fisher's t-test for independent samples, non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, and linear multiple regression. RESULTS: The number of teeth was significantly lower in postmenopausal @entity1 (SG 10.8    5.9, CG 6.8    4.6), however, after adjusting for age, smoking and plaque index, the difference was no longer statistically significant (P=0.169). The @entity6730 was slightly higher in the study group, although the difference is not significant (SG 4.31    1.08, CG 4.05    1.28). CONCLUSIONS: Menopause does not appear to significantly influence the severity of @entity2520 and @entity2524 . Other factors may exert a greater influence on the progression of @entity2520 rather than menopause itself.
