The role of transdermal XXXX in the treatment of @entity301 .

@entity1 @entity712 @entity63 @entity3362 @entity1242 @entity301 @entity1507 @entity1459 @entity951 @entity1188 @entity741 @entity158 @entity2142 @entity583 @entity943 @entity1002
@entity1242 has long been a mainstay of the treatment of @entity63 @entity158 . The introduction of transdermal formulations and in particular the development of controlled methods of delivery have been responsible for the renaissance of clinical interest in this simple and effective treatment. The pathophysiologic abnormality accompanying @entity741 affords a natural theater for the exhibition of the therapeutic utility of these preparations and methods. The means whereby @entity3362 induce relaxation of vascular smooth muscle are not entirely clear, but their pharmacodynamic activities are perfectly plain. In the doses used in clinical practice, @entity3362 exert their predominant hemodynamic effects and therapeutic benefits through their peripheral vasodilator activities. This is particularly marked in veins, although in higher doses @entity3362 also dilate the larger systemic and coronary arteries. Criticisms of the efficacy of transdermal formulations of @entity3362 in the treatment of @entity951 have arisen largely from uncritical acceptance of a small number of studies of questionable methodologic validity. Large-scale general practice studies have invariably found that transdermal @entity1507 delivery systems improve the quality of life in ambulant @entity1 : @entity2142 are reduced with a minimum of side effects. The widespread acceptance of this novel form of drug delivery has stimulated its application in other therapeutic avenues. The efficacy of transdermal @entity1242 in the suppression of silent @entity63 attacks has been demonstrated. The maintenance of benefit initiated by intravenous @entity1242 in @entity1 with @entity1459 also broadens the use of this method of @entity1507 delivery. In @entity1 with @entity583 , whether complicated by @entity1002 or not, the @entity3362 , and transdermal @entity1242 in particular, appear to hold considerable promise. Improvement of hemodynamic abnormalities may cause reduction in @entity1188 size and fewer life-threatening @entity943 . Even survival may be extended. The utility of transdermal @entity3362 in the treatment of severe chronic @entity712 is less certain. But the use of higher doses and an interval regimen of administration may hold promise for such @entity1 . Naturally, more information is required before the overall therapeutic profile of this new method of controlled @entity1242 delivery across the whole spectrum of @entity301 can be fully described. Fortunately, the high level of efficacy and safety of transdermal @entity1242 demonstrated in the majority of reported studies encourages the pursuit of such an important therapeutic target.
