The effect of apple feeding on markers of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity5 @entity18399 @entity18432 @entity493 @entity35 @entity694 @entity20132
Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risks of certain @entity5 and other diseases in observational studies and animal models of @entity1 diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether feeding of @entity35 with whole raw apple has potentially chemopreventive properties by affecting markers of @entity694 . The end-point was preneoplastic changes in the colon known as @entity18432 ( @entity18432 ). @entity35 initiated with the colon carcinogen @entity20132 ( @entity18399 ) were given 0, 5, or 10 g apple/day for 13 wk. The group fed 5 g apple but not 10 g had a significantly lower number of @entity18432 (P = 0.009) compared to the initiated control. DNA damage evaluated by the comet assay was significantly increased in leucocytes of DMH-treated animals (P = 0.021). No antigenotoxic effect of apple feeding was apparent in the colon. Apple feeding tended to lower DNA damage in the liver (P = 0.136 in DMH-initiated and P = 0.284 in noninitiated @entity35 ). Liver @entity493 aminotransferase was significantly increased in @entity35 fed apples (P = 0.008 in DMH-initiated and P = 0.019 in noninitiated @entity35 ). In conclusion, feeding whole fresh apple may affect the occurrence of preneoplastic changes in the @entity35 colon, but the effect was not gradual.
