A dynamic smoke generation and nose-only inhalation exposure system for XXXX : preliminary results from studies of selected transportation materials.

@entity1 @entity4 @entity26 @entity4968 @entity9927 @entity7935 @entity71769 @entity519 @entity18008 @entity71771 @entity71770 @entity35 @entity130 @entity36453
Abstract Context: Smoke @entity130 is the main cause of fatalities for fire victims. Understanding in the pathophysiology of the injury has not been fully explored in recent years. To further explore the pathophysiological mechanism, a dynamic and controllable animal model is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To develop a @entity35 model of @entity9927 to simulate @entity1 victims in air-restricted vehicle cabin fires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smoke concentration, including CO, O2, VOCs and smoke temperature under different combustion conditions, were detected. Levels of COHb, respiratory function, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and protein concentration in BALF and blood were measured. Pathological evaluations of lung in tissues were conducted at 1, 6, 24 and 48   h post-exposure. RESULTS: Smoke concentration rose with the increase of combustion temperature and decrease of @entity26 flow. Further, 215 kinds of VOCs in the smoke were detected, and the concentrations of @entity7935 , @entity71769 , @entity18008 , @entity36453 , @entity71770 and @entity71771 was 32.93, 402.06, 764.03, 113.73, 1006.61 and 89.28   mg/m(3), respectively. Significant @entity519 and @entity4968 occurred in @entity35 . The FCOHb after exposure for 14   min immediately rose to (44.2        12.3) % and then gradually decrease to a normal level at 300   min post-exposure. At 24   h post-exposure, Penh increased significantly (p   <   0.05), and high pulmonary vascular permeability and significant @entity4 (p   <   0.05) were observed in the smoke inhalation group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In summary, the novel @entity35 model of @entity9927 system used in the study is dynamic and controllable, and appropriate for use in @entity9927 studies of air-restricted cabins in vehicles.
