A novel third generation @entity414 biosensor using uricase electro-activated with @entity504 on a @entity19588 coated glassy XXXX electrode.

@entity1 @entity19588 @entity33345 @entity505 @entity7034 @entity504 @entity414
A new @entity414 biosensor was constructed using @entity504 (Fc) induced electro-activated uricase ( @entity33345 ) deposited within @entity19588 (Naf) on glassy @entity505 electrode (GCE). Electro-activation of @entity33345 was successfully achieved by cyclic voltammetry through the electrostatic interaction of Fc with Trp residues within the hydrophobic pockets in @entity33345 . The Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc composite was characterised by AFM, FTIR and EDX to ensure proper immobilisation. The interaction of Fc with the enzyme was analysed by Trp fluorescence spectroscopy and the a-helicity of the protein was measured by CD spectropolarimetry. The charge transfer resistance (Rct), calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for the modified sensor was lowered (1.39k   ) and the enzyme efficiency was enhanced by more than two fold as a result of Fc incorporation. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry all demonstrated the excellent response of the Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE biosensor to @entity414 . The sensor system generated a linear response over a range of 500nM to 600 M UA, with a sensitivity and limit of detection of 1.78 A M(-1) and 230nM, respectively. The heterogeneous rate constant (ks) for UA oxidation was much higher for Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE (1.0*10(-4)cms(-1)) than for @entity7034 / @entity33345 /GCE (8.2*10(-5)cms(-1)). Real samples, i.e. @entity1 blood, were tested for serum UA and the sensor yielded accurate results at a 95% confidence limit.
