Cardiac adaptations to training: relevance to XXXX .

@entity1 @entity26 @entity951 @entity299
Exercise training has for many years been suggested as a useful adjunct to medical therapy for @entity1 with @entity299 . While its popularity amongst the general public continues to grow, limitations in our ability to assess its effects on the heart have meant that, as cardiologists, our desire to encourage this popular upsurge in physical activity has been tempered by our inability to provide convincing evidence of its value to our @entity1 . In particular the role of exercise in the rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity951 is as yet unclear. This review addresses this question and states what has been proven to date and also the questions which remain to be answered. It also suggests some reasons why we have failed to provide answers so far, and ways in which new technology may be used in the future. Studies in animals, asymptomatic @entity1 , and @entity1 with @entity299 have demonstrated that training reduces the resting heart rate and double product of heart rate times blood pressure at any given level of exercise. This has the benefit of reducing myocardial @entity26 consumption during exercise. There is also evidence that it increases end-diastolic volume and left ventricular wall thickness. Evidence for an increase in maximal myocardial @entity26 consumption in angina is limited to one or two studies showing an improved maximum double product and to the occasional @entity1 proven by echocardiography or nuclear studies to increase ejection fraction by training. Better selection of @entity1 and use of new imaging techniques should provide further information in the near future.
