Epidemiology of XXXX in the UK.

@entity1 @entity8 @entity1290 @entity1790 @entity293
BACKGROUND: The previous epidemiological study of paediatric @entity1790 in Britain was conducted more than 30 years ago. AIMS: To examine the presenting features, predisposing factors, and treatment strategies used in paediatric stones presenting to a British centre over the past five years. METHODS: A total of 121 @entity1 presented with a urinary tract renal stone, to one adult and one paediatric centre, over a five year period (1997-2001). All @entity1 were reviewed in a dedicated stone clinic and had a full infective and metabolic stone investigative work up. Treatment was assessed by retrospective hospital note review. RESULTS: A metabolic abnormality was found in 44% of @entity1 , 30% were classified as infective, and 26% idiopathic. Bilateral stones on presentation occurred in 26% of the metabolic group compared to 12% in the infective/idiopathic group (odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.03 to 7.02). Coexisting @entity293 was common (49%) in the metabolic group. Surgically, minimally invasive techniques (lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and endoscopy) were used in 68% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There has been a shift in the epidemiology of @entity8 in the UK over the past 30 years. Underlying metabolic causes are now the most common but can be masked by coexisting @entity293 . Treatment has progressed, especially surgically, with sophisticated minimally invasive techniques now employed. All @entity1 with @entity1290 should have a metabolic screen.
