Life events and onset of a new phase in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity162 @entity308
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing focus on the impact of psychosocial factors and stressors on the course of @entity162 . The life event research has revealed many biases and the results are conflicting. In a prospective study we examined the relationship between life events and affective phases in a group of @entity162 @entity1 with a long duration of the disease. METHODS: A group of @entity1 with at least three admissions to hospital for @entity162 was followed every 3 months for up to 3 years. At each examination an evaluation of affective phase was made according to the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Newcastle Depression Rating Scale and the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale. Moreover, the @entity1 were rated according to the Paykel Life Events Scale. Their current medical treatment was noted. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 (19 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 ) were included in the study. @entity1 experienced a significantly higher number of life events than @entity1 . In 21% of the 353 examinations of @entity1 , a new phase was preceded by life events whereas this was the case only in 8% of the 152 examinations of @entity1 . In 13% of the male examinations the @entity1 were in a @entity162 phase and in 5% in a @entity308 phase. In 5% of the female examinations the @entity1 were in a @entity162 phase and in 15% in a @entity308 phase. Half of the @entity1 's @entity308 phases were preceded by life events, but none of the @entity308 phases of @entity1 . The categories of life events preceding the @entity308 phases presented a significant overweight of somatic ill health and conflicts in the family. CONCLUSION: We found a gender difference in the course of @entity162 , as @entity1 had a significantly higher number of @entity308 than @entity1 and @entity1 had a higher number of @entity162 episodes than @entity1 . In @entity162 @entity1 with long duration of disease a significant number of @entity308 in @entity1 were preceded by negative life events. Somatic health problems and conflicts in the family were significant factors preceding new @entity308 phases.
