Ott's protein osmotic pressure of serum and interstitial fluid in XXXX ( @entity1573 ): effect of age and gender.

@entity1573 @entity551 @entity1485
Protein, or @entity551 ( @entity551 ) is of sufficient magnitude to exert a powerful effect on Starling forces across the capillary wall. Although avian skin lacks active mechanisms for fluid transmission, such as sweating, it is now hypothesized that passive oncotic forces may regulate fluid flow and distribution in the skin and related phenomena. In this study, serum protein profiles, as well as @entity551 in serum ( @entity551 (s)) and in suction blister fluid ( @entity551 (sbf)), were determined in juvenile, young and adult female and male @entity1573 . For assessing @entity551 , the Ott-Ahlqvist equation was applied. This equation can formulate the effects of multiple serum proteins on @entity551 , according to their molecular mass. The @entity551 values determined in @entity1573 were lower than those previously found in mammals. @entity551 (s) increased with age in males, and was higher in adult males than in adult females. In contrast, @entity551 (sbf) decreased with age in females, although it was better preserved in adult males. The age-dependent decrease in @entity551 was associated with a parallel decrease in the concentration of a(1)-globulin and albumin, and a positive correlation between packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ) and @entity551 was found. It is concluded that ageing affects Ott's @entity551 around the vessel wall, and that an oncotic mechanism preserves plasma volume. The preservation of @entity551 (sbf) in males suggests better maintenance of the interstitial ground substance. Females seem to lose more of a tissue's @entity551 (s) counteracting force than males, probably as a result of gender-specific changes in the composition of the interstitial matrix. Further studies are required to elucidate the structure and function of avian lymphatics and their role in skin rheology.
