Roles of physical activity and XXXX on sex difference in insulin resistance in late elementary years.

@entity1 @entity410 @entity26 @entity1674 @entity1254 @entity413 @entity165
PURPOSE: Little is known about the potential role of lifestyle factors in sex differences in insulin resistance in late elementary school @entity1 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we compared sex differences in Tanner scales, body fat, physical activity (PA) and fitness, and insulin resistance markers in elementary school @entity1 ( @entity1 , n = 69 and @entity1 , n = 81) aged 12-13 years. Body composition was assessed with a standardized protocol. @entity410 was measured as @entity26 consumption during an incremental treadmill exercise. Fasting blood samples were collected for blood chemistry assays including lipids, @entity413 , insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, and @entity1254 . Daily PA was measured with an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days, and they were classified as low-, moderate-, and vigorous-PA. Independent t-tests were used to compare mean differences in the measured variables between @entity1 and @entity1 . There were significant sex differences in Tanner scales, body mass index, percent body fat, and waist circumference (WC). RESULTS: @entity1 had significantly higher values in Tanner scales (p < 0.001) and percent body fat (p < 0.001) than @entity1 . @entity1 had significantly higher values in body mass index (p = 0.019) and waist circumference (p < 0.001) than @entity1 . @entity1 also had significantly higher values in VO2max (p < 0.001) and low (p < 0.001), moderate (p < 0.001), and vigorous (p < 0.001) PAs. With respect to metabolic risk factors, @entity1 had significantly higher serum levels of @entity1674 (p = 0.005), insulin (p < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (p = 0.015) than @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In summary, the current findings of the study showed that the increased risk for insulin resistance in @entity1 over @entity1 is associated with higher Tanner scale and percent body fat in conjunction with poor @entity410 and physical inactivity, suggesting that exercise intervention to promote physical activity and fitness is imperative for general health promotion of school @entity1 , with a special focus on @entity1 .
