Local and systemic immune responses to intratracheal instillation of antigen and DNA vaccines in XXXX .

@entity32 @entity10328 @entity19 @entity61 @entity630
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the immunization efficacy of antigen and DNA vaccines after delivery to the lung, to assess the integrity of the pulmonary tissue after vaccination, and to elucidate mechanisms involved in the induction of immunity. METHODS: @entity10328 , the plasmid encoding @entity10328 , the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or plasmid encoding HBsAg were intratracheally instilled or injected in quadriceps in @entity19 . The immune response and its Th polarization were analyzed over time. Markers of @entity32 were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung histology was performed. The fate of @entity10328 following intratracheal instillation was studied. RESULTS: According to the vaccine, the pulmonary route produced stronger or equivalent humoral and cellular responses systemically and locally in the lung as compared to injection. The IgG subclasses and cytokine pattern indicate that the immunity was preferentially polarized toward the @entity61 and @entity630 type for antigen and DNA immunization, respectively. @entity10328 penetrated the respiratory tissue and blood poorly after intratracheal instillation, suggesting that the immune response was triggered at airway surfaces. Overall, vaccines delivered to the lung did not induce any local sign of @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary administration of vaccines might be a promising alternative to conventional vaccination by injection.
