Evidence for polyclonal origin of multifocal XXXX .

@entity1 @entity5 @entity4668 @entity876 @entity1358 @entity393 @entity703
PURPOSE: @entity1358 are often multifocal. We investigated the genomic signatures of multifocal @entity1358 to determine whether @entity5 in the same kidney bear a clonal relationship to one another. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 62 @entity5 from 26 @entity1 who underwent radical nephrectomy were examined. All @entity1 had @entity1358 . Loss of heterozygosity analyses were done using five microsatellite polymorphic markers that represent putative @entity5 suppressor genes on chromosome 3p14 (D3S1300), 7q31 (D7S522), 8p22 (D8S261), 9p21 (D9S171), and 17 @entity4668 ( @entity876 ). X chromosome inactivation analyses were also done on the @entity703 from the 10 female @entity1 . Chromosome 3p deletion status was determined by dual color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in all @entity5 . RESULTS: Nineteen of the 26 (73%) @entity1 with multifocal @entity1358 showed @entity393 in at least 1 of 5 microsatellite loci in separate @entity5 analyzed. A disconcordant pattern of @entity393 between coexisting @entity703 was observed in 7 cases. Six cases showed discordant 3p deletion patterns by dual color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Of the eight informative female cases studied by X chromosome inactivation, one showed a discordant nonrandom pattern of X chromosome inactivation. Overall, evidence of independent origin of the multifocal @entity703 was observed in 12 of 26 cases (46%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that in a significant number of cases of multifocal @entity1358 , the spatially separate @entity5 are of different clonal origin and arise independently.
