An In Vivo Study of Low-Dose Intra-Articular XXXX Application with Prolonged Clamping Drain Method in Total Knee Replacement: Clinical Efficacy and Safety.

@entity1 @entity190 @entity928 @entity260 @entity3459 @entity927
UNASSIGNED: Background. Recently, combined intra-articular @entity927 (IA- @entity928 ) injection with clamping drain method showed efficacy for @entity190 and transfusion reduction in total knee replacement (TKR). However, until now, none of previous studies revealed the effect of this technique on pharmacokinetics, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Materials and Methods. An experimental study was conducted, during 2011-2012, in 30 @entity1 undergoing unilateral TKR. @entity1 received IA- @entity928 application and then were allocated into six groups regarding clamping drain duration (2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-hours). Blood and drainage fluid were collected to measure @entity927 ( @entity928 ) level and @entity3459 and fibrinolytic markers. @entity260 was followed for one year. Results. There was no significant difference of serum @entity928 level at 2 hour and 24 hour among groups (p < 0.05). Serum @entity928 level at time of clamp release was significantly different among groups with the highest level at 2 hour (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference of @entity928 level in drainage fluid, postoperative @entity190 , blood transfusion, and @entity260 (p < 0.05).      Conclusions. Low-dose IA- @entity928 application in TKR with prolonged clamping drain method is a safe and effective blood conservative technique with only minimal systemic absorption and without significant increase in systemic absorption over time.
