Estimation of operators' XXXX using optical methods for determination of pupil activity.

@entity1 @entity1949 @entity4913 @entity1295 @entity717 @entity25
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to develop and initially validate an objective, yet quick, method for assessment of @entity1 @entity1295 . This aim can be achieved by the use of an optical, non-contact method of analysis of pupil activity. The study involved 2 phenomena typical for the behavior of the @entity1 pupil: pupillary reflex and @entity717 . The 1st phenomenon is related to the pupillary light reflex (PLR), which presents the results of physiological adaptation mechanisms of the @entity1 eye. The pupillary unrest index (PUI) is an additional parameter referring to the tendency for instability of the pupil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Indicators of these 2 mechanisms were assessed under the same experimental laboratory conditions. Assessment was conducted on a group of volunteers (N = 10) during 4 controlled series of measurements performed at night. Pupillary reflex parameters associated with PLR and pupillary unrest index (PUI) were recorded using F  D Fit-For-Duty, a commercially available system made by AMTech Pupilknowlogy GmbH. Baseline pupil diameter, oscillations, reflex latency, maximum reaction time, pupil constriction time, pupil dilation time, and constriction amplitude were recorded. RESULTS: As a result of the study, we were able to demonstrate correlation and confirm the usefulness of PLR and @entity4913 methods in the assessment of @entity1949 . Parameters of PLR that may indicate @entity1 @entity1295 were identified. The effect of light impulse sequences on the dynamics of pupillary reflex and the relationship between PUI (pupillary unrest index) measurement duration and @entity25 assessment validity, were assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the pilot studies were sufficient to develop minimum requirements for a PLR sensor that would be capable of estimating the level of @entity1295 with accuracy of a PUI method, but at a 5 times faster rate.
