Oral @entity2493 , XXXX , and @entity1363 for prevention of postoperative agitation in @entity1 .

@entity1 @entity3727 @entity26 @entity1443 @entity2493 @entity2146 @entity2614 @entity6948 @entity1363
PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that @entity2614 was associated with a relatively high incidence of emergence @entity2146 in @entity1 even in the absence of any surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to compare early @entity2146 characteristics of oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 premedication in @entity1 who were given @entity2614 anesthesia for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: Following Internal Review Board approval and parental informed consent, 100 ASA physical status I-II @entity1 (3-9  years old) who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for esophageal dilatation procedures were enrolled. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to four groups (n  =  25 in each). The premedications in the groups were saline (group P), @entity6948 2.5   g/kg (group D), 0.5  mg/kg @entity1363 (group MD), and @entity2493 0.1  mg/kg (group ML), given orally. All premedication drugs were given with @entity1443 2-2.5  mg/kg to be easily drinkable 40-45  min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 2-4%, @entity3727 50% in @entity26 . No supplemental analgesic agent was given, and an emergence @entity2146 scale (EAS) was measured on admission to the PACU, then every 5 min, and recorded during the postoperative period: 1, awake and calm, cooperative; 2, crying, requires consoling; 3, irritable/restless, screaming, inconsolable; 4, combative, disoriented, thrashing. @entity1 with an @entity2146 score of 3 or 4 were classified as agitated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the four groups demographically. The emergence @entity2146 scale was higher in the placebo group than in the others at 5, 10, and 15  min postoperatively (P  <  0.001). EA was similar among group D, group MD, and group ML. CONCLUSION: We found that oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 reduced the incidence of emergence @entity2146 in @entity1 after @entity2614 anesthesia.
