A quantitative comparison of the early histopathological changes from tracheotomy and endotracheal intubation on the distal @entity825 in fetal XXXX .

@entity825 @entity1 @entity137 @entity742 @entity2681 @entity26 @entity30683 @entity9358
Twenty-four premature fetal @entity742 underwent tracheotomy (n = 11) or endotracheal intubation (n = 13) for 3-9 h for an unrelated experiment. All were maintained with 100% @entity26 on a pressure cycled ventilator. No suctioning was performed. At sacrifice, sections of the distal @entity825 were studied for histopathological changes in epithelium, @entity9358 . All changes were confined to the epithelium and were reported as either @entity30683 in regards to preservation of the basal cell layer. In tracheotomized and intubated animals, both @entity2681 were seen as early as 3 and 3.5 h, respectively. In the intubated animals, 13.5% of the cumulative tracheal circumference showed total @entity2681 ; 19.8% showed partial @entity2681 . In animals undergoing tracheotomy, 9.6% of the cumulative tracheal circumference had total @entity2681 ; 19.1% had partial @entity2681 . Possible etiological factors include @entity26 @entity137 , lack of humidification, effects of mechanical ventilation and indirect trauma from surgery or intubation. The clinical significance for premature @entity1 is discussed.
