XXXX in childhood.

@entity1 @entity3441 @entity8 @entity454 @entity5 @entity628 @entity784 @entity7305 @entity2348 @entity205 @entity1031 @entity74 @entity479 @entity1985 @entity288
Childhood @entity1985 are most commonly caused by one of two idiopathic diseases: minimal-change @entity1985 (MCNS) and @entity628 ( @entity628 ). A third distinct type, @entity8 , is rare in @entity1 . Other causes of isolated @entity1985 can be subdivided into two major categories: rare @entity74 , and secondary diseases associated with drugs, infections, or @entity5 . The cause of @entity3441 remains unknown, but evidence suggests it may be a primary @entity784 that leads to glomerular podocyte dysfunction. Genetic studies in @entity1 with @entity1985 have identified mutations in genes that encode important podocyte proteins. @entity1 with @entity3441 are initially treated with @entity288 . @entity479 -responsiveness is of greater prognostic use than renal histology. Several second-line drugs, including alkylating agents, @entity205 , and @entity7305 , may be effective for complicated and @entity479 -unresponsive MCNS and @entity628 @entity1 . @entity1985 is associated with several medical complications, the most severe and potentially fatal being @entity2348 and @entity1031 . @entity3441 is a chronic relapsing disease for most @entity479 -responsive @entity1 , whereas most @entity1 with refractory @entity628 ultimately develop @entity454 . Research is being done to further elucidate the disorder's molecular pathogenesis, identify new prognostic indicators, and to develop better approaches to treatment.
