Use of quantitative PCR to evaluate methods of bacteria sampling in periodontal XXXX .

@entity1 @entity2520 @entity14148 @entity2522 @entity3289 @entity2521 @entity2523
@entity2520 is associated with specific periodontal pathogens and may persist as @entity2522 or progress to more severe disease. The bacteria involved in disease initiation and progression have not been identified. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to compare the levels of @entity2523 , @entity3289 , and @entity14148 , and total bacteria detected by different sampling methods. On the basis of the results of clinical examinations, 57 @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: healthy group (group A), @entity2522 group (group B), and @entity2521 group (group C). Bacterial samples were collected from saliva, mouthwash, and by paper-point sampling of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and the samples were analyzed with quantitative PCR targeting 16S rRNA. The numbers of total bacteria in samples of GCF, saliva, and mouthwash were 10    to 10   , 10   , and 10   , respectively, per milliliter. The number of @entity2523 in GCF samples was lower than 10 in group A; however, in groups B and C, the values were 10   and 10   , respectively, indicating that the number of @entity2523 increased with worsening clinical status. Findings were similar in the samples of saliva and mouthwash. The numbers of @entity3289 showed a pattern similar to that of @entity2523 in all 3 samples. These results suggest that saliva and mouthwash samples are clinically useful for bacterial testing of periodontal diseases by quantitative PCR. In addition, mouthwash sampling is more feasible and straightforward than saliva sampling.
