XXXX as a regulator of gonadal function in adult male offsprings exposed to cigarette smoking in utero.

@entity444 @entity251 @entity9315 @entity35
OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to evaluate serum and testicular @entity9315 levels and to find whether it is related to @entity444 in adult male offsprings exposed to cigarette smoking in utero. METHODS: Adult male @entity35 were divided in two groups: 1. 20 @entity35 born to mothers exposed to cigarette smoking (CS) during pregnancy (CSE group); 2. 20 @entity35 born to normal non exposed pregnant @entity35 (control group). @entity9315 concentration was determined by ELISA in the sera and testicular tissue of adult offsprings and also in sera of their mothers. Serum and testicular @entity251 , luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were evaluated using chemiluminescence immunoassay in adult male @entity35 . In male offspring also the body weight and testicular weight was measured. RESULTS: Significantly higher @entity9315 levels were found in serum and testicular homogenates of CSE male @entity35 and also in sera of their mothers when compared to controls (p<0.001). Moreover, in CSE male @entity35 the body weight, testicular weight, serum and testicular @entity251 as well as serum LH and FSH were significantly lower than these in controls (p<0.001). Significant positive correlation was found between serum and testicular @entity9315 in CSE group, while, in contrast, the correlations between serum @entity9315 level and the other studied parameters in the same group were significantly negative. CONCLUSION: The data obtained supported the view that @entity9315 operates as a modifier of @entity444 . Hyperghrelinemia as a result of maternal smoking during pregnancy may contribute to the suppression of male reproductive function. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of @entity9315 after quitting smoking.
