Refraction in adults with XXXX .

@entity1 @entity6 @entity2175
OBJECTIVES: To examine refraction, change in refraction, and risk factors for change in refraction in adults with type 1 and @entity6 . METHODS: Population-based study. Modified Early Treatment of @entity6 Study refractions and a standard history were obtained for all @entity1 . Baseline and 10-year follow-up data were available. RESULTS: Age and education were significantly associated with refraction in @entity1 with younger-onset @entity6 (T1D) and in those with older-onset @entity6 ( @entity2175 ); refractions were similar for both groups. @entity1 of similar age with T1D were likely to be more myopic than were those with @entity2175 (P < .01). In those with T1D, on average, there was a -0.28-diopter (D) change in refraction in 10 years. Those with longer duration of @entity6 were more likely to have hyperopic shifts in refraction. In @entity1 with @entity2175 , there was, on average, a +0.48-D change in refraction during the 10 years, but there was little consistency in the amount of change by age at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 of similar age, those with T1D were likely to be slightly more myopic than were those with @entity2175 . Overall, mean refraction and the important risk factors of age and education were similar to those reported in nondiabetic populations.
