The recognition and management of hyperlipidaemia in adults: A policy statement of the XXXX Society.

@entity1 @entity1375 @entity101 @entity6 @entity301 @entity167 @entity6340 @entity409 @entity412 @entity4310 @entity731 @entity165
The control of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) depends primarily on its prevention at an early stage. It is generally agreed that this depends upon the elimination or treatment of the known risk factors for @entity301 . Among these, hyperlipidaemia occupies a central position. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition is the subject of this statement. Before initiating therapy for primary hyperlipidaemia the common causes of secondary hyperlipidaemia are sought and dealt with, including @entity6 , @entity1375 , over-use of @entity167 , @entity409 and certain drugs. Next, an assessment of all risk factors for @entity301 is carried out, i.e. family history of @entity301 , smoking, @entity101 , high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 measurement, @entity6 and overweight. More intensive therapy is called for in @entity1 with multiple risk factors than in those with lone hyperlipidaemia, and also after successful bypass operation or after coronary angioplasty. Evaluation of hyperlipidaemia in the @entity1 's family is often appropriate. The diagnosis and follow-up of the hyperlipidaemic @entity1 depend on reliable and well-controlled laboratory support. The primary hyperlipidaemias include several distinct diseases that are characterized by elevated serum levels of @entity165 and/or @entity412 with or without abnormally low levels of HDL @entity165 . From these measurements, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels are calculated [except when @entity412 levels are greater than 500 mg dl-1 (5.6 mmol l-1)]. Elevated LDL levels are causally important in @entity731 , and occur in three disorders: @entity4310 , @entity6340 and common hypercholesterolaemia. The finding of elevated serum @entity412 without marked hypercholesterolaemia may occur in @entity4310 and sometimes in @entity6340 . Elevation of serum @entity165 and @entity412 can have several genetic bases, including remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia and @entity6340 . The characteristic feature of remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia (demonstrated by ultracentrifugation in a specialized laboratory) is the presence of @entity165 and @entity412 -rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), whereas combined (mixed) hyperlipidaemia is diagnosed when both VLDL (of normal composition) and LDL levels are elevated. Investigation of other family members is necessary to make the diagnosis of @entity6340 . It depends on the identification of different lipoprotein profiles in affected members of the same family.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
