XXXX tear of rectus muscles: an underlying cause of strabismus after @entity2694 .

@entity1 @entity174 @entity1713 @entity1912 @entity2694 @entity155 @entity8924 @entity121 @entity130
PURPOSE: To present an @entity155 injury of the rectus muscle after @entity2694 , usually the inferior rectus, and detail its diagnosis and operative repair. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 underwent repair of @entity1912 tears of 62 rectus muscles. During surgery, we found the @entity121 was often subtle, with narrowing or thinning of the remaining attached global layer of muscle. The detached @entity1912 of external (orbital) muscle was found embedded in surrounding orbital fat and connective tissue. Retrieval and repair were performed in each case. RESULTS: The causes of @entity2694 were as follows: @entity8924 (15 @entity1 ), @entity130 with no @entity174 (11 @entity1 ), suspected @entity130 but did not undergo computerized tomographic scan (12 @entity1 ), and status after @entity1713 repair (5 @entity1 ). Of note, 15 of the 43 @entity1 (35%) underwent repair of the @entity1912 tear alone, without any additional orbital or strabismus surgery. Diagnostically, the predominant motility defect in 45 muscles was limitation toward the field of action of the muscle, presumably as a result of a tether created by the torn @entity1912 ; these tethers simulated muscle palsy. Seventeen muscles were restricted away from their field of action, simulating entrapment. The direction taken by the @entity1912 during healing determined the resultant strabismus pattern. All @entity1 with gaze limitation toward an @entity8924 had @entity1912 tears. The worst results after @entity1912 tear repair were seen in @entity1 (1) who had undergone @entity8924 repair before presentation, (2) who had undergone previous attempts at strabismus repair, and (3) who had the longest intervals between the precipitating event and the repair. The best results were obtained in @entity1 who underwent simultaneous @entity174 and strabismus repair or early strabismus repair alone. CONCLUSIONS: Avulsion-type @entity1912 tears of the extraocular muscles are a common cause of posttraumatic strabismus. Early repair produces the best results, but improvement is possible despite long delay.
