Gender-specific predictors of retention and opioid abstinence during XXXX maintenance treatment.

@entity1 @entity2072 @entity284
AIMS: Retention in @entity284 maintenance treatment (MMT) for 1year is associated with positive outcomes including opioid abstinence, however, most studies have not investigated gender differences. We hypothesized that predictors of retention and opioid abstinence would differ between @entity1 and @entity1 , and aimed to determine which factors best predict retention and abstinence for each gender. METHODS: Data were available for 290 @entity1 (173M, 117F) admitted to outpatient MMT. Regression analyses, stratified by gender, were conducted to identify unique predictors of MMT retention (<1 vs. >1year) and opioid abstinence rate (proportion of opioid-free urine samples up to 1year retention). RESULTS: Gender did not significantly predict treatment retention (mean=231days, 39% retained >1year) or opioid abstinence (49% overall). For males, significant predictors of >1-year retention were urine samples negative for opioids (odds ratio [OR]=6.67) and cannabinoids (OR=5.00) during the first month, and not @entity2072 dependent (OR=2.70). Significant predictors of higher long-term opioid abstinence were first-month urine samples negative for opioids and @entity2072 metabolites. For females, significant predictors of >1-year retention were first-month urine samples negative for @entity2072 metabolites (OR=4.00) and cannabinoids (OR=9.26), and no history of sexual victimization (OR=3.03). The only significant predictor of higher opioid abstinence rate was first-month opioid-free urine samples. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate gender-specific predictors of MMT retention and opioid abstinence. Future studies on MMT outcomes should examine each gender separately, and consider unique pathways by which females and males adhere to, and benefit from MMT.
