Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex mediates the affective component of @entity3825 memory in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity3825 @entity143 @entity14 @entity158 @entity35
Studies of both @entity1 and animals suggest that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for processing @entity158 perception. We identified that perigenul ACC (pACC) sensitization and enhanced @entity3825 in a visceral hypersensitive @entity35 in previous studies. @entity158 contains both sensory and affective dimensions. Teasing apart the mechanisms that control the neural pathways mediating @entity158 affect and sensation in nociceptive behavioral response is a challenge. In this study, using a rodent @entity3825 assay that combines the @entity14 ( @entity14 )-induced visceromotor response (VMR) with the conditioning place avoidance (CPA), we measured a learned behavior that directly reflects the affective component of @entity3825 . When @entity14 was paired with a distinct environment context, the @entity35 spent significantly less time in this compartment on the post-conditioning test days as compared with the pre-conditioning day. Effects were lasted for 14 days. Bilateral pACC lesion significantly reduced CPA scores without reducing acute visceral @entity158 ( @entity14 -induced VMR). Bilateral administration of non- @entity143 receptor antagonist CNQX or @entity143 receptor antagonist AP5 into the pACC decreased the CPA scores. AP5 or CNQX at dose of 400 mM produced about 70% inhibition of @entity14 -CPA in the day 1, 4 and 7, and completely abolished the CPA in the day 14 after conditioning. We concluded that neurons in the pACC are necessary for the "aversiveness" of visceral nociceptor stimulation. pACC activation is critical for the memory processing involved in long-term negative affective state and prediction of aversive stimuli by contextual cue.
