Ambulatory monitoring of cardiovascular responses during behavioral modification of an aggressive XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1641 @entity235 @entity262 @entity1168
Previous work from our lab has used the Dutch @entity262 ( @entity262 ) to assess the cardiovascular responses and motility of large free-ranging species (e.g. @entity1641 ). To further examine the utility of using the @entity262 with non- @entity1 , a study investigating the heart rate (HR) and heart period variability (HRV) of a large @entity235 undergoing behavioral modification therapy was undertaken. This treatment emulated a restraint and tactile pressure technique that has previously been used in @entity1641 . Cardiovascular responses and motility were continuously measured pre-treatment (exposure to a stimulus @entity235 ), during treatment (in-box), and post-treatment. The treatment consisted of placing the @entity235 in a 110 cm (long) by 45 cm (wide) by 102 cm (height) wooden box that only covered the animals' torso and legs and allowed the head to be free. Once the @entity235 was in the box, the body was covered with a lightweight material (grain product) to effect restraint and tactile pressure, which was followed by a repeat exposure to the stimulus animal. Results indicated @entity1168 and an increased HRV during the intervention as compared to baseline with indices of motility changing in the expected directions. Estimates of respiratory frequency derived from the autoregressive spectral analysis indicated changes in respiration did not account for the cardiovascular effects. In conclusion, tactile pressure and restraint may be an important tool for behavioral modification in both @entity1 and animals, and the @entity262 is a useful tool for collecting cardiovascular data on a variety of species in a great many contexts.
