Long-term evaluation of oral gavage with periodontopathogens or ligature induction of XXXX in @entity19 .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity8209 @entity22517 @entity2520 @entity19 @entity604 @entity1726 @entity2521 @entity2523
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in long-term periods the destruction of periodontal tissues and bacterial colonization induced by oral gavage with periodontopathogens or ligature @entity2520 models. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight C57BL/6  J @entity19 were divided into four groups: group C: negative control; group L: ligature; group G-Pg: oral gavage with @entity2523 ; and group G-PgFn: oral gavage with @entity2523 associated with @entity8209 . @entity19 were infected by oral gavage five times in 2-day intervals. After 45 and 60  days, animals were sacrificed and the immune-inflammatory response in the periodontal tissue was assessed by stereometric analysis. The @entity604 was evaluated by live microcomputed tomography and histometric analysis. qPCR was used to confirm the bacterial colonization in all the groups. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and ANOVA tests, at 5  % of significance level. RESULTS: Ligature model induced @entity32 and bone resorption characterized by increased number of inflammatory cells and decreased number of fibroblasts, followed by @entity604 at 45 and 60  days (p   <   0.05). Bacterial colonization in groups G-Pg and G-PgFn was confirmed by qPCR but @entity32 and bone resorption were not observed (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The ligature model but not the oral gavage models were effective to induce @entity32 and @entity604 in long-term periods. @entity22517 colonization was observed in all models of @entity2520 induction, independent of tissue alterations. These @entity19 models of @entity2521 validates, compliments, and enhances published @entity1726 models that utilize ligature or oral gavage and supports the importance of a successful colonization of a susceptible host, a bacterial invasion into vulnerable tissue, and host-bacterial interactions that lead to tissue destruction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ligature model was an effective approach to induce @entity32 and @entity604 similar to @entity1 @entity2521 , but the oral gavage models were not efficient in inducing periodontal @entity32 and tissue destruction in the conditions studied. Ligature models can provide a basis for future interventional studies that contribute to the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the complex host response to microbial challenge.
