Nasal sequelae of XXXX .

@entity1 @entity85 @entity8222 @entity9009
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine external and @entity85 , and satisfaction with nasal functioning and appearance, in @entity8222 . STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted. METHODS: Eleven adult @entity1 with @entity8222 were compared with 151 controls in terms of satisfaction with nasal functioning and appearance by means of the Nasal Appearance and Function Evaluation Questionnaire. In all @entity1 with @entity8222 , external @entity85 were scored on standardized digital photographs of the nose as rated independently by three experienced physicians. @entity85 was determined by standardized nasal endoscopy. RESULTS: The @entity1 were relatively satisfied with the various esthetic nasal subunits. The most significant functional problems were snoring (P  =  0.001) and quality of phonation (P  =  0.003). The main external @entity85 were the dorsal hump (73%), external deviation ( <=55%), the bifid or bulbous nasal tip (55%), and @entity9009 (55%). In 82% of the @entity1 , a septal deviation was found, often associated with spurs. CONCLUSION: Satisfaction with esthetics of the nose was fair, but these @entity1 suffer from the functional problems of snoring and impaired quality of phonation. A structured nasal ENT physical examination with nasal endoscopy might determine aspects requiring more attention during treatment. Septorhinoplasty can be performed at an adult age if there is a considerable esthetic wish of the @entity1 and/or nasal obstruction combined with septal deviation. Attention should be paid to dorsal hump reduction, correction of the deviated external osseous framework, septoplasty, and correction of the nasal tip shape. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b.
