Association of traffic-related air pollution with cognitive development in XXXX .

@entity1 @entity7459 @entity66 @entity6836 @entity2359
BACKGROUND: Air pollution from traffic has been associated with @entity66 in @entity1 and adults, but there is little information on its potential @entity2359 effects. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ), as a marker of traffic-related air pollution, and cognitive development in @entity1 . METHODS: A population-based birth cohort from southern Spain was followed from the age of 4 years for 1 year. Complete data for analyses were gathered on 210 @entity1 living in urban and rural areas. @entity6836 exposure was predicted by means of land use regression models. A standardised version of the McCarthy Scales of @entity1 's Abilities (MSCA) was used to assess @entity1 's motor and cognitive abilities. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relation between exposure to @entity6836 and MSCA outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: A negative effect of @entity6836 was found across all MSCA subscales, despite low predicted @entity6836 exposure levels (5-36 microg/m(3)). @entity1 exposed to higher @entity6836 (>24.75 microg/m(3)) showed a decrease of 4.19 points in the general cognitive score and decreases of 6.71, 7.37 and 8.61 points in quantitative, working memory and gross motor areas, respectively. However, except for gross motor function, associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although results were not statistically significant, the associations found between exposure to @entity6836 and cognitive functions suggest that traffic-related air pollution may have an adverse effect on neurodevelopment, especially early in life, even at low exposure levels.
