@entity506 versus @entity4807 for treating severe XXXX .

@entity1 @entity4807 @entity506 @entity311 @entity204
BACKGROUND: Severe @entity311 results in over a million @entity204 every year, most of them in @entity1 aged under five years and living in sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines whether treatment with @entity506 , instead of the standard treatment @entity4807 , would result in fewer @entity204 and better treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity506 with @entity4807 for treating severe @entity311 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, the metaRegister of Controlled trials (mRCT), conference proceedings, and reference lists of articles to November 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal @entity506 with intravenous or intramuscular @entity4807 for treating adults and @entity1 with severe @entity311 who are unable to take medication by mouth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and risk of bias of trials, and extracted and analysed data. The primary outcome was all-cause @entity204 . Dichotomous outcomes were summarized using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes by mean differences (MD). Where appropriate, we combined data in meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials enrolling 1664 adults and 5765 @entity1 are included in this review.Treatment with @entity506 significantly reduced the risk of @entity204 both in adults (RR 0.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.75; 1664 @entity1 , five trials) and @entity1 (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.90; 5765 @entity1 , four trials)In @entity1 , treatment with @entity506 increased the incidence of neurological sequelae at the time of hospital discharge. The majority of these sequelae were transient and no significant difference between treatments was seen at later follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence clearly supports the superiority of parenteral @entity506 over @entity4807 for the treatment of severe @entity311 in both adults and @entity1 and in different regions of the world.
