Dual forms of XXXX in the same households in Malaysia--a case study among Malay rural households.

@entity1 @entity344 @entity281 @entity3147 @entity8728
This report is a part of a multi-centre study in Asia on the problem of dual forms of @entity3147 in the same households. In Malaysia, the prevalence of underweight and stunting persist among young @entity1 from poor rural areas. Overweight in adults, especially @entity1 from poor rural areas has been reported in recent years. Thus, this study was undertaken in order to assess the presence of the dual burden of underweight @entity1 -overweight mother pairs in a poor rural community. Out of 140 Malay households identified to have at least one @entity1 aged 1-6 years and mother aged above 20 years, 52.1% of the mothers were overweight, 15.7% of the @entity1 were underweight, 27.1% stunted and 5% wasted. Socio-economic background and food intake frequency data were collected from 54 underweight @entity1 /overweight mother pairs (UW/OW) and 41 normal weight @entity1 /normal weight mother pairs (NW/NW). Compared with the overweight mothers, a higher percentage of the normal weight mothers had received secondary education, were employed and with a higher household monthly income, although these differences were not significant. Patterns of food intake of the mothers and @entity1 appeared to have more similarities than differences between the UW/OW and NW/NW groups. Quantitative dietary intakes for 2 days using 24-hr recall and physical activity energy expenditure over the same period were assessed in a sub-group of UW/OW and NW/NW mothers and @entity1 . The NW/NW @entity1 showed significantly higher intake of total calories, fat and @entity8728 than the UW/OW counterparts. Mean energy and nutrient intake of mothers from both groups were not significantly different, although the NW/NW mothers showed higher intake adequacy for total calories and most nutrients. While most of the mothers from both groups reported having no chronic illnesses, about half of the @entity1 in both groups had @entity281 , especially @entity344 , over a 2-week period. Energy expenditure from physical activity for both UW/OW and NW/NW mothers and @entity1 did not differ significantly. This study confirmed inadequate intake of total energy and nutrients as the major factor for underweight in Malay @entity1 from rural areas. However, assessing intake and physical activity by interview methods were not sensitive enough to overcome perceived problems of under-reporting of energy intake and over-estimation of energy expenditure, especially by overweight subjects. Further investigations on a larger sample are necessary to understand the family dynamics leading to the double burden of @entity3147 within the same household.
