Peripheral XXXX are involved in the neuroendocrine and immune effects of LPS.

@entity308 @entity2819 @entity2661 @entity2955 @entity166 @entity774
There is evidence for bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune system. The immune system is subjected to neuroendocrine influences and reciprocally the @entity774 is modulated by immune signals. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), used to mimic @entity166 /inflammatory diseases, induce a series of stress markers, including modifications of monoaminergic transmission, enhancement of HPA axis activity, and decreased immune activity. In the present work we investigated the participation of peripheral @entity2661 in the immune and endocrine responses to LPS in vivo. We studied the effects of LPS after chemical sympathectomy using @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ), which does not cross the brain-blood barrier (BBB) in adults when peripherally injected. @entity2955 administration was able to interfere with the effects of LPS on immune cells; however, the effects depended on the lymphoid tissue tested. In fact, the @entity308 of mitogenesis induced by LPS was reversed by @entity2955 in the spleen but not in the thymus. Moreover, @entity2955 also interfered with the endocrine modifications induced by LPS. This neurotoxin completely or partially inhibited the effect of LPS on ACTH and @entity2819 secretion, respectively. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that in vivo, the peripheral sympathetic nervous system participates in the immune and endocrine effects of LPS.
