Physiologic limits of @entity4346 in elite junior @entity2587 : relevance to differential diagnosis of @entity299 and XXXX .

@entity9053 @entity944 @entity2587 @entity4346 @entity299 @entity1121 @entity1002
OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to define physiologic limits of @entity4346 in elite adolescent @entity2587 . BACKGROUND: Systematic sports training may cause increased @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), creating uncertainty regarding the differential diagnosis of @entity299 from @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). This distinction is crucial because @entity1121 is responsible for about one-third of all sudden deaths in young @entity2587 . Echocardiographic data defining @entity299 are limited largely to adults, with little information specifically in adolescent @entity2587 (14 to 18 years old), for whom the risk of @entity944 from @entity1121 is highest. METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty elite adolescent @entity2587 (75% male) aged 15.7 +/- 1.4 years participating in ball, racket, and endurance sports and 250 healthy sedentary controls of similar age, gender, and body surface area underwent echocardiography. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity2587 had greater absolute @entity1002 (9.5 +/- 1.7 mm vs. 8.4 +/- 1.4 mm; p < 0.0001). Maximal @entity1002 exceeded predicted @entity9053 in 38 @entity2587 (5%); however, no female athlete had a @entity1002 >11 mm and only three trained male @entity2587 had absolute @entity1002 >12 mm (0.4%). Each of the 38 @entity2587 with a @entity1002 exceeding predicted limits also showed enlarged left ventricular cavity dimension (54.4 +/- 2.1 mm; range 52 to 60 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Trained adolescent @entity2587 demonstrated greater absolute @entity1002 compared with nonathletes. Only a small proportion of @entity2587 exhibited a @entity1002 exceeding @entity9053 , very rarely >12 mm, and then always with chamber enlargement. @entity1121 should be considered strongly in any trained adolescent male athlete with @entity1002 >12 mm (females >11 mm) and nondilated left ventricle.
