Combined effects of exposure to dim light at night and fine particulate matter on C3H/HeNHsd XXXX .

@entity1 @entity6220 @entity308 @entity72139 @entity66 @entity5 @entity19 @entity4270 @entity2493 @entity4778 @entity148
Air and light pollution contribute to fetal abnormalities, increase prevalence of @entity5 , metabolic and @entity66 , and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. A component of air pollution, particulate matter, and the phenomenon of dim light at night ( @entity72139 ) both result in neuroinflammation, which has been implicated in several @entity6220 . The combinatorial role of these pollutants on health outcomes has not been assessed. Male C3H/HeNHsd @entity19 , with intact @entity2493 production, were used to model @entity1 exposed to circadian disruption by @entity72139 and contaminated environmental air. We hypothesized exposure to 2.5  m of particulate matter (PM2.5) and @entity72139 (5lx) combines to upregulate neuroinflammatory cytokine expression and alter hippocampal morphology compared to @entity19 exposed to filtered air (FA) and housed under dark nights (LD). We also hypothesized that exposure to PM2.5 and @entity72139 provokes @entity308 . For four weeks, four groups of @entity19 were simultaneously exposed to ambient concentrated PM2.5 or FA and/or @entity72139 or LD. Following exposure, @entity19 underwent several behavioral assays and hippocampi were collected for qPCR and morphological analyses. Our results are generally comparable to previous PM2.5 and @entity72139 reports conducted on @entity19 and implicate PM2.5 and @entity72139 as potential factors contributing to @entity308 and @entity148 . Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and @entity72139 upregulated neuroinflammatory cytokines and altered @entity4778 hippocampal structural changes, as well as provoked @entity308 -like responses ( @entity4270 ). However, combined, PM2.5 and @entity72139 exposure did not have additive effects, as hypothesized, suggesting a ceiling effect of neuroinflammation may exist in response to multiple pollutants.
