Stemona XXXX prevented inflammation by suppressing the recruitment and the activation of macrophages in vivo and in vitro.

@entity55 @entity19 @entity5 @entity1711 @entity39 @entity635 @entity1750 @entity2916 @entity842 @entity1576 @entity1710 @entity1996 @entity10181
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Stemona @entity2916 (ST) is a traditional herbal medicine used for the treatment of various @entity1576 in eastern Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY: We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a ST water extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced @entity55 @entity19 models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with the ST extract and stimulated by LPS. The expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators were evaluated by using @entity842 (NO) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. After the C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed to CS, they were administrated with the ST extract. The accumulated inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. Also, real-time polymerase chain reaction and @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining were performed in lung tissues. RESULTS: The ST extract treatment reduced the production of NO via blocking the expressions of @entity1996 and inducible @entity842 synthase protein in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, ST extract treatment decreased the secretions of inflammatory cytokines and regulated NF-kB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of @entity10181 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Also, ST extract administration to @entity19 reduced the infiltrations of macrophages into BALF and the histological inflammatory changes in lung tissues. Furthermore, administration of the ST extract regulated the levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, interleukin (IL)-6, @entity635 , @entity1750 and matrix metalloproteinases-12 in the lungs. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that ST extract @entity55 responses by inhibiting the expression of diverse inflammatory mediators in vivo and in vitro.
