Extraluminal, transluminal, and observational treatment for XXXX .

@entity1 @entity548 @entity1317 @entity204 @entity2849 @entity130
@entity1317 following penetrating @entity130 is rare and treatment is usually surgical ligation. Recent liberal use of angiography in the evaluation of penetrating neck @entity130 has identified increasing numbers of @entity1 with this @entity130 . This report describes our recent experience in treating @entity1 with @entity1317 . The purposes of this study were (1) to review the outcome of our @entity1 with @entity1317 , and (2) to develop an approach for managing these @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 were treated over a 9-year period. Three @entity1 underwent emergent operative exploration for @entity548 , three underwent transcatheter embolization alone, and ten were managed conservatively by close clinical observation. No @entity204 occurred. Ligation was performed for @entity130 discovered during neck exploration, however, @entity548 was sometimes persistent despite proximal control. In our center, where radiological support is readily available, temporary control of @entity548 by packing with hemostatic agents allowed subsequent transcatheter embolization of the injured artery. @entity2849 , arteriovenous fistulae, and extravasations discovered angiographically were usually managed by transcatheter embolization. @entity1 with vertebral artery narrowings or occlusions were managed by close clinical observation.
