XXXX for analgesia in colonoscopy without sedation.

@entity1 @entity3810 @entity2730 @entity158
BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is associated with @entity158 and discomfort, and intravenous analgesics and sedatives are widely used. There are several disadvantages regarding this practice, including risk of complications, resources demanded, and @entity2730 after sedation. In spite of promising results in previous studies, @entity3810 is rarely used at endoscopy centers around the world. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency of @entity3810 versus placebo as an analgesic during colonoscopy without sedation. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: The endoscopy unit at Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway, between June 2006 and May 2008. @entity1 : This study involved @entity1 undergoing elective colonoscopy. INTERVENTION: @entity1 inhaled @entity3810 or placebo on demand. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The @entity1 filled in a questionnaire regarding their experiences with the examination. @entity158 was graded from 1 (no @entity158 ) to 4 (severe @entity158 ). RESULTS: We recruited 199 @entity1 . We randomized 97 @entity1 to the @entity3810 group and 102 to the control group. The groups were comparable regarding demographic factors. Median @entity1 -reported @entity158 was 2 in both the @entity3810 group and the control group (interquartile range 2-3 in both groups). Additional sedatives and analgesics were given equally often and in similar doses in both groups. No side effects related to administration of @entity3810 were reported. LIMITATIONS: The questionnaire was returned by 76% of the @entity1 . The study gas was given on demand, not continuously. CONCLUSION: @entity3810 given intermittently is not an effective substitution for intravenous on-demand sedation and analgesics in the setting of colonoscopy without sedation.
