Quantitative evaluation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy by using heart rate variations: relationship between XXXX or sympathetic damage and clinical conditions.

@entity1 @entity644 @entity6 @entity16 @entity299 @entity1576 @entity989 @entity413
It was previously suggested that @entity1576 were predominantly affected by the parasympathetic nerve and HR increase to standing was predominantly affected by the sympathetic nerve. To compare parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve function in @entity6 , these two tests were performed in 95 @entity6 and 38 controls by use of an instantaneous-HR-change continuous recorder. All subjects were between 40 and 59 years-old. As indices of autonomic nerve function, the mean difference between maximal and minimal HR during deep breathing (delta I-E) and the HR increase on standing (delta HR) were determined. The mean delta I-E and delta HR in the @entity6 were 9.4 beats/min and 15.1 beats/min, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those in the controls (delta I-E 14.4, delta HR 20.5 beats/min). delta I-E correlated negatively to duration of @entity6 and mean fasting blood @entity413 during the last 6 months in the @entity6 , but delta HR did not correlate to them at all. Diminished delta I-E was found in the @entity1 with insulin treatment, @entity989 or persistent @entity644 . Diminished delta HR, however, was found only in the @entity1 with long-standing complicated @entity6 . Thus, both @entity299 and sympathetic nerve function were significantly impaired in the @entity6 as compared with the controls and that parasympathetic @entity16 occurred early whereas sympathetic innervation was preserved.
