Changes to tear cytokines of type 2 @entity6 XXXX with or without @entity989 .

@entity1 @entity225 @entity6 @entity1198 @entity1193 @entity687 @entity2842 @entity379 @entity989 @entity1199 @entity3646 @entity371 @entity413
PURPOSE: To investigate changes in cytokine levels in tears of type 2 @entity6 with or without @entity989 . METHODS: Tears were collected from 15 type 2 @entity6 without @entity989 (DNR), 15 @entity1 with @entity989 (DR), and 15 age and gender matched non- @entity6 controls. Tear concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured by multiplex bead immunoassay. Cytokine differences between groups, ratios of type-1 T helper ( @entity1198 )/type-2 T helper (Th2) cytokines and anti-angiogenic/pro-angiogenic cytokines were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The most abundant cytokine detected in tears was @entity371 ( @entity371 ). In comparison with controls, @entity371 and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) levels were significantly elevated in DR (p=0.016 and 0.036, respectively) and DNR groups (p=0.021 and 0.026, respectively). @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) levels were significantly increased in DNR (p=0.016). @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines @entity379 ( @entity379 )/ @entity225 and @entity1199 / @entity225 ratios were significantly increased in DR compared to controls (p=0.037 and 0.031, respectively). Anti-angiogenic/angiogenic cytokines @entity379 / @entity2842 and @entity3646 / @entity2842 ratios in DR and DNR were significantly decreased compared to controls (p<0.05). @entity3646 / @entity687 and IL-12p70/ @entity687 ratios were also significantly decreased in DR compared to controls (p=0.02 and 0.045, respectively). No significant correlation was demonstrated between tear cytokine concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 tears exhibited elevated levels of @entity371 and @entity2842 . The @entity1198 /Th2 cytokine balance may shift to a predominantly @entity1198 state in DR @entity1 . Pro-angiogenic cytokines are more highly represented than anti-angiogenic cytokines in the tears of @entity6 @entity1 .
