Distribution of different efflux pump genes in clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant XXXX and their correlation with antimicrobial resistance.

@entity6371 @entity2892 @entity4509 @entity3064 @entity9001
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Efflux pumps are one of the major mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in @entity3064 . This study aimed to understand the distribution of different types of pump genes in clinical isolates of @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) and to reveal the relationship between their presence and expression with antimicrobial resistance. METHODS: @entity6371 isolates were collected from five hospitals in Taiwan. Different categories of pump genes, including adeB, adeJ, macB, abeM, abeS, emrA-like, emrB-like, and craA, were chosen, and their presence in the collected isolates was determined. Three induced resistant strains of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 to @entity9001 , @entity2892 , and @entity4509 were also included. The expressions of the selected pump genes were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity6371 clinical isolates were obtained from five hospitals. All of the studied pump genes were present in the collected @entity6371 isolates except one isolate that lacked the emrA-like gene. The gene expression of these efflux pumps was variable among the strains. The upregulation of the adeB, adeJ, and macB genes was responsible for @entity9001 resistance, and the increased abeS expression was strongly related to @entity4509 resistance. Of all the antibiotics studied, @entity9001 was the strongest inducer of gene expression for many efflux pumps in A. baumannii. CONCLUSION: Efflux pump genes are universally present in the collected clinical @entity6371 isolates. The upregulation of the adeB, adeJ, macB and abeS genes is more related with antibiotic resistance.
