Brain-computer interface boosts motor imagery practice during XXXX recovery.

@entity1 @entity1957 @entity64 @entity73
OBJECTIVE: @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) is assumed to enhance poststroke motor recovery, yet its benefits are debatable. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide instantaneous and quantitative measure of cerebral functions modulated by @entity1957 . The efficacy of BCI-monitored @entity1957 practice as add-on intervention to usual rehabilitation care was evaluated in a randomized controlled pilot study in subacute @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-eight hospitalized subacute @entity64 @entity1 with severe motor deficits were randomized into 2 intervention groups: 1-month BCI-supported @entity1957 training (BCI group, n   =   14) and 1-month @entity1957 training without BCI support (control group; n   =   14). Functional and neurophysiological assessments were performed before and after the interventions, including evaluation of the upper limbs by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA; primary outcome measure) and analysis of oscillatory activity and connectivity at rest, based on high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. RESULTS: Better functional outcome was observed in the BCI group, including a significantly higher probability of achieving a clinically relevant increase in the FMA score (p   <   0.03). Post-BCI training changes in EEG sensorimotor power spectra (ie, stronger desynchronization in the alpha and beta bands) occurred with greater involvement of the ipsilesional hemisphere in response to @entity1957 of the paralyzed trained hand. Also, FMA improvements (effectiveness of FMA) correlated with the changes (ie, post-training increase) at rest in ipsilesional intrahemispheric connectivity in the same bands (p   <   0.05). INTERPRETATION: The introduction of BCI technology in assisting @entity1957 practice demonstrates the rehabilitative potential of @entity1957 , contributing to significantly better motor functional outcomes in subacute @entity64 @entity1 with severe @entity73 . Ann Neurol 2015.
