Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in a XXXX model induced by chronic @entity741 .

@entity1707 @entity712 @entity69809 @entity63 @entity1711 @entity2733 @entity1710 @entity741 @entity299 @entity583 @entity19422 @entity1642 @entity413
Apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity741 (CMI) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ). @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) is one of the newly defined signaling pathways which initiate apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity712 induced by pressure-overload and acute @entity583 . Also, in  vitro experiments have proved that @entity63 is a strong stimulus of @entity1642 . This study aimed to demonstrate whether @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of CMI-induced @entity712 . We established a @entity712 model induced by CMI in mini @entity1707 via placement of an ameroid constrictor around the proximal anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD). Furthermore, we used myocardial perfusion imaging, echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements, @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick-end labeling staining to identify the existence of @entity741 and @entity299 and of enhanced apoptosis in the @entity63 heart. We performed immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR to analyze the hallmark of @entity1642 @entity413 -regulated protein 78 ( @entity69809 ). The @entity1642 -associated apoptotic pathways, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and c-Jun @entity2733 -terminal kinase  1 ( @entity19422 ) were also examined. We found that all three of these pathways were activated and that @entity69809 protein and mRNA levels were significantly enhanced in the myocardium of @entity712 mini @entity1707 induced by CMI. These results suggest that @entity1642 is present in the CMI-induced @entity712 @entity1707 model, and that @entity1642 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 induced by CMI.
