An expanding role for @entity1192 blockade from XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1356 @entity5 @entity1193 @entity1192 @entity8649
There is an expanding role for interleukin (IL)-1 in diseases from @entity5 . More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is closely linked to innate inflammatory and immune responses. This linkage is because the cytoplasmic segment of all members of the IL-1 family of receptors contains a domain, which is highly homologous to the cytoplasmic domains of all toll-like receptors (TLRs). This domain, termed "toll IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain," signals as does the IL-1 receptors; therefore, inflammation due to the TLR and the IL-1 families is nearly the same. Fundamental responses such as the induction of cyclo-oxygenase type 2, increased surface expression of cellular adhesion molecules and increased gene expression of a broad number of inflammatory molecules characterizes IL-1 signal transduction as it does for TLR agonists. @entity1356 is the most studied member of the IL-1 family because of its role in mediating @entity8649 . However, a role for @entity1192 in disease is being validated because of the availability of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to @entity1 @entity1192 . There are presently three approved therapies for blocking IL-1 activity. Anakinra is a recombinant form of the naturally occurring @entity1193 , which binds to the IL-1 receptor and prevents the binding of @entity1356 as well as @entity1192 . Rilonacept is a soluble decoy receptor that neutralizes primarily @entity1356 but also @entity1192 . Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes only @entity1356 . Thus, a causal or significant contributing role can be established for @entity1356 and @entity1192 in @entity1 disease.
