XXXX in a Spanish sample: results after 2.6years of follow-up.

@entity1 @entity162 @entity71
INTRODUCTION: @entity162 ( @entity162 ) often starts in childhood or adolescence. There is considerable scepticism outside the United States over the validity, stability and prevalence of @entity162 in @entity1 and adolescents. Persistence of course lends support to the validity of a diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: To describe the longitudinal course of pediatric @entity162 in a Spanish sample over a median follow-up period of 2.6years and to examine risk factors associated with outcome. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all @entity1 and adolescents (N=38) with DSM-IV-TR @entity162 -I, II and NOS evaluated in the @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, University of Navarra (Pamplona, Spain) from 1999 to 2005. We used the NIMH Lifetime Mood Chart and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale to assess clinical course. RESULTS: 79% (N=30) were @entity1 and 21% (N=8) were @entity1 ; 44.7% (N=17) had @entity162 -I, 5.3% (N=2) @entity162 -II, and 50% (N=19) @entity162 -NOS. Median (inter-quartile range: IQR: Q25; Q75) age at diagnosis was 13.9 (10.64; 15.84). Median follow-up period was 2.6years (0.91; 3.66). Mean percentage of time in an episode was 46.17% (23.36; 75.26), and it was longer in younger @entity1 (p<0.05). 2.6% had rapid cycling. At the end of follow-up, only 47% achieved remission or recovery. Younger @entity1 showed a worse treatment response (p<0.05). We found higher rates of hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity71 (21%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity162 had a chronic course with little interepisodic recovery. @entity162 can be diagnosed in @entity1 using DSM-IV-TR criteria. An early age of onset and @entity71 comorbidity are risk factors for worse prognosis.
