New insights (and new interrogations) in perinatal arterial XXXX .

@entity1 @entity1984 @entity410 @entity64 @entity73 @entity999 @entity245 @entity306 @entity51 @entity1188 @entity302 @entity715 @entity385
With an incidence of 1/2800 to 1/5000 live-births, perinatal arterial @entity385 is the most frequent form of @entity385 in @entity1 . About 40% of the @entity1 do not have specific symptoms in the neonatal period, and are only recognized later with the emergence of @entity73 , @entity245 , specific @entity73 or @entity410 . In the remaining 60%, @entity1 present with early symptoms, mostly recurrent focal @entity410 in the first 3 days of life. The diagnosis is easily confirmed by cranial ultrasounds and MRI. Early MRI has both a key role in the diagnosis, dating the injury, but also an important prognostic value to predict the motor outcome of the @entity1 . Indeed, although the @entity1188 does not recur, the majority of @entity1 show subsequent sequels: @entity306 , @entity302 , @entity73 . Finding predictors of outcome regarding these latter concerns (and the way to prevent or alleviate them) is of major interest. The main etiological hypothesis for perinatal @entity1984 is a @entity999 , originating from the placenta through the foramen ovale. Most of the established risk factors are indeed either determinants or biomarkers of vasculo-placental pathology. Injury to the cervico-cerebral arteries, giving rise to @entity715 /embolus during the birthing process is also suggested. Both placento-embolic and traumatic theories are supported by a few, but well-analysed pathological or arteriographic reports. Nevertheless, their relative frequency, the implication of other mechanisms, and their repercussions to evidence-based preventive strategies remain to be determined. Moreover, the mechanism of @entity64 in the different groups of newborns with @entity64 (term vs. preterm; symptomatic neonates vs. those with a delayed presentation) is likely to be different, and there is a need for future studies to assess all populations as different entities. Neonatal supportive care remains important for all @entity1 while there is no evidence for preventive anticoagulant use at present. In an effort to reduce @entity51 , and in adjunction with ongoing physical therapy and pharmacological treatment, new rehabilitative interventions, such as constraint-induced movement therapy and mirror therapy, are increasingly being used.
