Active surveillance for XXXX .

@entity1 @entity263 @entity342
UNASSIGNED: It is worth distinguishing between the two strategies of expectant management for @entity263 . Watchful waiting entails administering non-curative @entity342 deprivation therapy to @entity1 on development of symptomatic progression, whereas active surveillance entails delivering curative treatment on signs of disease progression. The objectives of the two management strategies and the @entity1 enrolled in either are different: (i) to review the role of active surveillance as a management strategy for @entity1 with @entity263 ; and (ii) review the benefits and pitfalls of active surveillance. We carried out a systematic review of active surveillance for @entity263 in the literature using the National Center for Biotechnology Information's electronic database, PubMed. We carried out a search in English using the terms: active surveillance, @entity263 , watchful waiting and conservative management. Selected studies were required to have a comprehensive description of the demographic and disease characteristics of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis, inclusion criteria for surveillance, and a protocol for the @entity1 ' follow up. Review articles were included, but not multiple papers from the same datasets. Active surveillance appears to reduce overtreatment in @entity1 with @entity263 without compromising cancer-specific survival at 10  years. Therefore, active surveillance is an option for select @entity1 who want to avoid the side-effects inherent to the different types of immediate treatment. However, inclusion criteria for active surveillance and the most appropriate method of monitoring @entity1 on active surveillance have not yet been standardized.
