A Healthy Diet Is Associated with Less Endothelial Dysfunction and Less XXXX over a 7-Year Period in Adults at Risk of @entity65 .

@entity1 @entity32 @entity650 @entity6 @entity39 @entity167 @entity5 @entity409 @entity413 @entity731 @entity687 @entity65 @entity1851
BACKGROUND: A healthy diet rich in fish, fruit, and vegetables, but moderate in @entity167 and low in dairy products and meat, has been associated with a lower rate of incident @entity65 ( @entity65 ). The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. @entity409 and low-grade @entity32 play important roles in @entity65 . A healthy diet might modify these phenomena. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations between the above food groups and overall biomarker scores of @entity409 and low-grade @entity32 in a 7-y longitudinal study. METHODS: Using longitudinal data from 557 @entity1 at increased @entity65 risk from the CODAM (Cohort on @entity6 and @entity731 Maastricht) Study, we assessed diet intake by food-frequency questionnaire and measured plasma biomarkers of @entity409 [von Willebrand factor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble endothelial selectin, soluble thrombomodulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1)] and low-grade @entity32 [ @entity1851 , serum amyloid A, @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity5 @entity39 factor a, and sICAM-1]. At baseline, @entity1 were aged 59.6    6.9 y. Measurements were performed then and after 7 y. Biomarkers were combined into overall scores (sum of z scores; higher scores indicating worse function). Longitudinal data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations and adjusted for sex, age, @entity413 metabolism, energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, @entity167 consumption, and smoking. RESULTS: Higher consumption of fish (per 100 g/wk), but not total consumption of vegetables, fruit, @entity167 -containing beverages, dairy products, or meat, was associated with a lower overall @entity409 score over 7 y (b: -0.027; 95% CI: -0.051, -0.004). No associations were observed with the overall low-grade @entity32 score. Further food component analyses indicated that consumption of more lean fish (per 100 g/wk) and raw vegetables (per 100 g/d), and fewer high-fat dairy products (per 100 g/d) was associated with less @entity409 [(b: -0.038; 95% CI: -0.072, -0.005), (b: -0.095; 95% CI: -0.191, 0.000), and (b: -0.070; 95% CI: -0.131, -0.009), respectively]. Consumption of more fresh fruit (per 100 g/d), wine (per 100 mL/wk), and poultry (per 100 g/d), and fewer high-fat dairy products (per 100 g/d) was associated with less low-grade @entity32 [(b: -0.074; 95% CI: -0.133, -0.015), (b:-0.006; 95% CI: -0.013, 0.001), (b:-0.247; 95% CI: -0.479, -0.014), and (b:-0.100; 95% CI: -0.182, -0.019), respectively]. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the dietary modification of @entity409 and low-grade @entity32 , processes that are important in atherothrombosis, is possible.
