Obesity Surgery and Ramadan: a Prospective Analysis of Nutritional Intake, Hunger and Satiety and Adaptive Behaviours During XXXX .

@entity1 @entity308 @entity4053
BACKGROUND: @entity4053 for religious or lifestyle reasons poses a challenge to @entity1 who have undergone bariatric surgery. A total fast (abstaining from all forms of nourishment including liquids) during long summer days puts these @entity1 at risk of dehydration and poor calorie and nutrient intake. METHODS: We undertook telephone surveys of 24-h food recall, hunger and satiety scores, medication use, adverse symptoms and @entity308 scores on a fasting day in Ramadan and a non-fasting day subsequently. RESULTS: We studied 207 @entity1 (166 @entity1 ) who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy. The mean (standard error) age was 35.2 (0.7)   years. @entity1 and @entity1 consumed 20.4  % (P   =   0.018) and 16.9  % (P   <   0.001) fewer calories and 44.8  % (P   <   0.001) and 32.4  % (P   <   0.001) less protein during fasting, respectively. There was no significant difference in the intake of fluids or incidence of adverse gastrointestinal, hypoglycaemic and sympathoadrenal symptoms. Of @entity1 on pharmacotherapy, 89.5  % took their prescribed medications; 86.3  % made no changes to the doses, but 80.4  % changed the timing of the medications. Both @entity1 and @entity1 reported feeling less hungry and a preference for savoury foods during Ramadan. There was no difference in @entity308 scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4053 was well tolerated in @entity1 who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy. It may be advisable to raise awareness about dietary protein intake and managing medications appropriately during fasting.
