Airborne concentrations, skin contamination, and urinary metabolite excretion of XXXX among paving workers exposed to coal tar derived road tars.

@entity9434 @entity13479 @entity2555 @entity2556 @entity9435
The exposure of surface dressing workers to @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) was studied. Four different paving sites, at which coal tar-containing binders were applied, were selected as work sites with high exposure levels of @entity2556 . Breathing zone airborne particulates, contamination of the skin with @entity2556 , and @entity9434 in urine of the workers involved in chip sealing were determined. Substantial concentrations of @entity13479 -soluble airborne particulate matter were found (GM = 0.2 mg/m3, n = 28). Skin contamination was determined using two different methods: with exposure pads and by hand washing. Pads were mounted on several parts of the body: wrist, elbow, neck, shoulder, and ankle. The pads located on the wrist appeared to be the most contaminated ( @entity9435 : GM = 22 ng/1.77 cm2, n = 40). The end-of-shift hand washing showed that the hands of the workers were contaminated with @entity2556 ( @entity9435 : GM = 70 micrograms, n = 35). Preshift hand washing showed far lower, but detectable, quantities of @entity2556 on workers' hands ( @entity9435 : GM = 5 micrograms, n = 35). Enhanced levels of urinary @entity9434 among the workers were found. The highest levels were found in the end-of-shift urine samples. Correlations between the @entity9435 exposure variables were studied. Significant positive correlations were found between @entity9435 on the wrist pad versus end-of-shift urinary @entity9434 ; between @entity9435 on the hands versus end-of-shift urinary @entity9434 ; and between the two different skin contamination variables.
