Microbial Biofilms Are Able to Destroy XXXX in the Absence of Host Immunity In  Vitro.

@entity6586 @entity32 @entity796 @entity794 @entity692 @entity281 @entity5132 @entity969 @entity79 @entity65180
PURPOSE: It is widely thought that @entity32 and osteoclastogenesis result in @entity692 (HA) resorption and sequestrum formation during @entity281 , and microbial biofilm pathogens induce the inflammatory destruction of HA. We hypothesized that biofilms associated with @entity65180 can directly resorb HA in the absence of host @entity32 or osteoclastogenesis. Therefore we developed an in  vitro model to test this hypothesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Customized HA discs were manufactured as a substrate for growing clinically relevant biofilm pathogens. Single-species biofilms of @entity6586 , @entity794 , @entity796 , and @entity5132 and mixed-species biofilms of @entity5132 plus @entity6586 were incubated on HA discs for 72 hours to grow mature biofilms. Three different non-biofilm control groups also were established for testing. HA discs were then evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography metrotomography, x-ray spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy with planimetric analysis. In addition, quantitative cultures and pH assessment were performed. Analysis of variance was used to test for significance between treatment and control groups. RESULTS: All investigated biofilms were able to cause significant (P < .05) and morphologically characteristic alterations in HA structure as compared with controls. The highest number of alterations observed was caused by mixed biofilms of @entity5132 plus @entity6586 . @entity6586 biofilm incubated in medium with additional @entity969 content was the most detrimental to HA surfaces among single-species biofilms. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that direct microbial resorption of bone is possible in addition to  immune-mediated destruction, which has important translational implications for the pathogenesis of chronic @entity79 and for targeted antimicrobial therapeutics.
