XXXX under moderate systemic @entity2332 and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion.

@entity1 @entity1095 @entity410 @entity64 @entity451 @entity5 @entity1457 @entity1746 @entity51 @entity1167 @entity731 @entity2332
BACKGROUND: Profound @entity2332 is used for @entity1167 during cardiovascular operations. Cold retrograde cerebral perfusion enhances cerebral protection during @entity1167 . This study examines the results of @entity1167 under moderate systemic @entity2332 and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion. METHODS: @entity1167 under moderate systemic @entity2332 (nasopharyngeal temperatures of 19 degrees to 28 degrees C, mean of 23 degrees C) and cold (10 degrees C) retrograde cerebral perfusion were employed in 104 consecutive @entity1 for operation on the proximal aorta (103 @entity1 ) or for a @entity5 invading the heart (1 @entity1 ). Aortic operations consisted of replacement of the entire transverse arch in 49 @entity1 , hemiarch in 16, ascending aorta in 37, and an extraanatomic aortic bypass in 1. Most @entity1 (83%) also had other procedures such as coronary artery bypass or an aortic valve operation. Sixteen @entity1 had had previous aortic operations. The mean @entity1167 time was 27 minutes (range, 6 to 105 minutes). RESULTS: There were eight in-hospital deaths. @entity1457 , @entity1095 , and previous aortic operations were independent predictors of operative mortality. There were eight @entity64 ; clinical assessment and computed tomographic scans of the brain suggested that the @entity64 were embolic in 6 @entity1 . @entity731 /laminated thrombi in the aorta and the duration of @entity1167 were independent predictors of @entity64 . Four @entity1 had @entity410 without @entity51 . No @entity1 had development of @entity451 or @entity1746 . CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity2332 of 23 degrees C (nasopharyngeal) and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion (10 degrees C) appear to be safe for @entity1167 times of less than 30 minutes. This strategy of cerebral protection may also be adequate for longer @entity1167 times.
