Cognitive, XXXX and motor response to @entity11545 in Parkinson's disease with @entity303 .

@entity1 @entity3602 @entity1032 @entity304 @entity146 @entity303 @entity935 @entity73 @entity11545 @entity1833 @entity1726 @entity400
BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as @entity11545 , may be useful in @entity1726 @entity1 with @entity303 ( @entity3602 ) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate @entity935 release in the striatum. METHODS: Sixteen @entity3602 @entity1 (six female) with onset of @entity73 after at least one year with @entity304 participated in this open-label trial of @entity11545 . Cognitive, @entity146 , and motor symptoms were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity11545 using unstructured clinical assessment as well as rating scales including the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), clock drawing test, verbal fluency and selected items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: Age (mean, SD) was 75.6 (5.2) years, duration of @entity1726 13.4 (5.9), duration of @entity303 2.1 (1.7) years, Hoehn and Yahr score was 3.8 (0.8) and baseline @entity1032 score was 17.7 (6.7). Side-effects caused discontinuation in three @entity1 , but were rare and mild in the remaining 13. Improvement of global mental symptoms was noted in eight @entity1 , whereas worsening was reported in four. @entity1833 improved in seven of the nine @entity1 with @entity1833 before treatment. @entity304 improved in six @entity1 , but a mild worsening of @entity400 was noted in three. Clock-drawing improved (p=0.016), and trends towards improvement on @entity1032 (p=0.09) and verbal fluency (p=0.16) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although controlled trials are needed, the findings suggest that @entity11545 is useful in @entity1 with @entity3602 .
