Immune-metabolic profiling of anorexic XXXX reveals an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory phenotype.

@entity1 @entity650 @entity274 @entity353 @entity1356 @entity310 @entity26 @entity442 @entity1278 @entity1800 @entity1254
CONTEXT: @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) is an excessive form of calorie restriction (CR) associated with pathological @entity353 and alterations of the immune system. However, @entity1278 @entity1 seem to be protected from common @entity1800 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the metabolic and molecular adaptations induced by sustained extreme CR in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of @entity1 with restrictive alimentary @entity1278 . DESIGN: Inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were measured in 15 young (age range, 15-24 years) @entity1278 female @entity1 and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Isolated PBMCs were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry, and glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration were determined by measuring the extracellular acidification and @entity26 consumption rate. Stress resistance to @entity274 and the antioxidant transcriptional profile of PBMCs and @entity1 fibroblasts incubated with sera from @entity1278 @entity1 were also determined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1278 @entity1 (BMI, 15.9  0.4kg/m(2)) had significantly fewer leucocytes, lymphocytes and NK cells, lower serum concentrations of leptin, @entity442 and sTNFR1, and higher levels of @entity1254 , sCD40L and sICAM-1 (p<0.05). @entity1356 , @entity310 , and @entity650 produced by PBMC cultured with autologous serum for 48h were significantly lower in @entity1278 @entity1 than in controls (p<0.01). Moreover, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration were lower, and the antioxidant transcriptional profile was higher in the PBMCs of @entity1278 @entity1 . Fibroblasts cultured in serum from @entity1278 @entity1 showed a 24% increase in resistance to @entity274 damage. CONCLUSIONS: Extreme CR in @entity1278 @entity1 is associated with a reduction in several immune cell populations, but with higher antioxidant potential, stress resistance and an anti-inflammatory status.
