A meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in first-episode XXXX .

@entity162 @entity73 @entity51 @entity179 @entity716 @entity2414
Broad @entity51 have been consistently demonstrated in well-established @entity162 . The aim of the current study was to systematically review neuropsychological studies in first-episode @entity162 to determine the breadth, extent and predictors of @entity73 at this early stage of illness through meta-analytic procedures. Electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1980 and December 2013. Twelve studies met eligibility criteria (N  =  341, mean age  =  28.2 years), and pooled effect sizes (ES) were calculated across eight cognitive domains. Moderator analyses were conducted to identify predictors of between-study heterogeneity. Controlling for known confounds, medium to large deficits (ES  >=   0.5) in psychomotor speed, @entity2414 , and @entity73 were identified, whereas @entity51 (ES 0.20-0.49) were found in the domains of verbal learning and memory, attentional switching, and verbal fluency. A medium to large deficit in response inhibition was only detected in non-euthymic cases. Visual learning and memory functioning was not significantly worse in cases compared with controls. Overall, first-episode @entity162 are associated with widespread @entity73 . Since euthymia was not associated with superior cognitive performance in most domains, these results indicate that even in the earliest stages of disease, @entity73 are not mood-state dependent. The current findings have important implications for whether @entity73 represent @entity179 . Future studies need to more clearly characterise the presence of @entity716 features, and the nature and number of previous mood episodes.
