Randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of simple distraction interventions on XXXX and @entity148 experienced during conscious surgery.

@entity1 @entity148 @entity1741 @entity158
BACKGROUND: High levels of @entity148 during surgery are associated with poorer post-surgical outcomes. This prospective, non-blinded randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of four intraoperative distraction interventions for @entity148 and @entity158 management during minimally invasive venous surgery under local anaesthetic. METHODS: 407 @entity1 presenting with varicose veins at a private clinic, were randomized to one of four intraoperative distraction interventions or treatment as usual. All @entity1 received endovenous thermoablation and/or phlebectomies of varicose veins. After losses to follow-up, 398 @entity1 were entered into the analysis. @entity1 were randomly allocated to one of the following intraoperative distraction techniques: @entity1 selected music (n  =  85), @entity1 selected @entity1741 (n  =  85), interaction with nurses (n  =  81), touch (stress balls) (n  =  80) or treatment as usual (TAU, n  =  76). The state scale of the STAI, the Short-form @entity158 questionnaire and numeric rating scales were used to assess intraoperative @entity158 and @entity148 . RESULTS: Intraoperative @entity148 ratings were significantly lower when @entity1 interacted with nurses, used stress balls or watched a @entity1741 during surgery compared to treatment as usual. Intraoperative @entity158 ratings were significantly lower than treatment as usual when @entity1 interacted with nurses or used stress balls during surgery. @entity1 ' satisfaction was not significantly impacted by intraoperative distractions. CONCLUSIONS: The use of simple intraoperative distraction techniques, particularly interacting with nurses, using stress balls or watching a @entity1741 during surgery conducted under local anaesthetic can significantly improve @entity1 ' experiences.
