Correction of recurrent XXXX using an orbicularis oculi muscle flap and a frontalis musculofascial flap.

@entity1 @entity1736 @entity854
Thirteen @entity1 underwent reoperation for recurrent @entity1736 using the orbicularis oculi muscle flap or the frontalis musculofascial flap. The orbicularis oculi muscle flap and the frontalis musculofascial flap are a modification of direct transplantation of the frontalis muscle to the tarsal plate. This is based on an anatomic study showing that the frontalis muscle and its fascia are connected with the orbicularis oculi muscle at the eyebrow region. The @entity1 ' previous @entity1736 operations were frontalis muscle suspension with autogenous or alloplastic material. Their follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 10 years. The average interval between the @entity1 's first frontalis suspension to their reoperation was 8.09 years. The selection of the muscle flaps was based on the extent of levator function of the @entity1 . When the eyelid excursion was moderate (>4 mm), the orbicularis oculi muscle flap was used. For @entity1 with minimal or weak eyelid excursion (<3 mm), the frontalis musculofascial flap was used. Eleven @entity1 (91.6%) gained levator excursion of more than 7 mm and reduced the height difference of both palpebral fissures by less than 2 mm after the reoperation. After an average follow-up of 20 months, 11 @entity1 (14 eyelids) recorded satisfactory results. This is based on the criteria of Souther, and Jordan and Anderson. The overall results were more than satisfactory. Even though 2 @entity1 reported poor results, there was no complete failure in this series. The authors' technique offers several advantages over conventional frontalis muscle suspension: it is a simple technique that has a good operative field, there is no donor morbidity and less complications, and asymmetrical supratarsal folding, eyelid notching, lagophthalmus, and @entity854 that can occur after a frontalis muscle suspension can be avoided. In summary, the orbicularis oculi muscle flap or the frontalis musculofascial flap are considered for @entity1 with recurrent @entity1736 after frontalis muscle suspension.
