Cognitive features of XXXX states arising in late life (late @entity4696 ).

@entity1 @entity303 @entity161 @entity716 @entity4696
The cognitive performance of 47 elderly @entity716 @entity1 with onset of symptoms in late life (late @entity4696 ) was compared to that of 33 controls matched for age, sex, ethnic origin, number of years of education, and pre-morbid IQ as measured by the NART. Neuropsychological indices of general cognitive functioning (MMSE, CAMCOG, WAIS-R verbal and performance scores) showed that @entity1 were performing the tasks at a significantly lower level than controls. @entity1 also showed a trend to have a lower span capacity than controls, particularly at the spatial span subtest. There was no obvious impairment of learning as measured by the digit and spatial recurring span tasks nor of simultaneous matching-to-sample ability. However, @entity1 ' performance on a delayed-matching-to-sample procedure was significantly worse than that of controls. In addition, @entity1 performed worse than controls on the Recognition Memory Test for Faces, but not for Words. Finally, the performance of @entity1 on tests assessing executive functioning (Verbal Fluency Test, Computerized Extra and Intra-Dimensional Shift Task, Computerized Spatial Working Memory Task, and Computerized Tower of London Task) was consistently worse than that of controls. These results suggest that @entity716 states arising in late life are predominantly associated with a decline on measures of general cognitive ability and executive functioning. The neuropsychological meaning of these findings is discussed in the light of cognitive models of @entity716 , as well as of @entity161 and @entity303 research. We concluded that the lack of a clear pattern of impairment among these @entity1 may be the result of their clinical and cognitive diversity.
