Initial Validation of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale in Chinese Immigrants With XXXX .

@entity5 @entity1
CONTEXT: Evaluating religious/spiritual influences in the growing Chinese-American population may inform the development of culturally relevant palliative care interventions. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the psychometric properties and acceptability of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale-Chinese (DSES-C) in Chinese Americans with @entity5 . METHODS: The translated 16-item DSES-C was administered as part of a symptom intervention for Chinese-American @entity5 @entity1 . @entity1 were recruited from four New York community oncology practices. RESULTS: Of 321 @entity1 , 78.7% were born in Mainland China, 79.1% spoke Cantonese, and 70.2% endorsed a religious affiliation (Ancestor worship, 31.7%; Chinese God worship, 29.8%; Buddhism, 17.1%; Christianity, 14.0%). In total, 82.6% completed the DSES-C (mean age  =  57.7 years; 60.8% @entity1 ) and 17.4% declined (mean age  =  59.3 years; 52.0% @entity1 ). Reasons for declining included low religiosity or perceived relevance of the scale items and difficulties separating spirituality from religiosity terms. Individuals having a religious affiliation were more likely to complete the DSES-C, whereas those not  engaging in individual spiritual/religious practices or frequent group spiritual/religious practices tended to decline (all  P  <  0.05). The DSES-C (mean total score  =  43.6, SD  =  19.3) demonstrated high reliability (alpha  =  0.94). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor solution, with significant loadings (>0.40) across items except Item 14 ("Accept others"). Construct validity was suggested by a positive association between DSES-C scores and having a religious affiliation  (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: In Chinese Americans with @entity5 , the DSES-C demonstrated acceptable psychometrics. Some @entity1 experienced linguistic or cultural barriers preventing completion. Future investigations should provide additional validation in different Asian subgroups and those with varied medical conditions.
