Bone cement implantation syndrome in cemented hemiarthroplasty for XXXX : incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcome.

@entity1 @entity2249 @entity26 @entity909 @entity519 @entity1030 @entity551 @entity1229
BACKGROUND: Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is characterized by @entity519 , @entity551 , and @entity909 occurring around the time of bone cementation. Using a recently proposed severity classification of BCIS, we estimated the incidence of and risk factors for BCIS and its impact on mortality in cemented hemiarthroplasty for @entity2249 . METHODS: In this retrospective study, 1016 @entity1 undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty were included. Medical history and medication were obtained from medical records. Anaesthesia charts for all @entity1 were reviewed for mean arterial pressure, arterial @entity26 saturation, and heart rate before, during, and after cementation. Each @entity1 was classified as having no BCIS (grade 0) or BCIS grade 1, 2, or 3, depending on the degree of @entity551 , arterial desaturation, or @entity909 around cementation. RESULTS: The incidence of BCIS grade 1, 2, and 3 were 21%, 5.1%, and 1.7%, respectively. Early mortality in BCIS grade 1 (9.3%) did not differ significantly from BCIS grade 0 (5.2%), while early mortality in BCIS grade 2 (35%) and grade 3 (88%) were significantly higher when compared with grades 0 and 1. Early mortality was also higher in BCIS grade 3 when compared with grade 2. Independent predictors for severe BCIS were: ASA grade III-IV, @entity1030 , and medication with diuretics or @entity1229 . Severe BCIS was associated with 16-fold increase in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: BCIS is a commonly occurring phenomenon in cemented hemiarthroplasty and severe BCIS has a huge impact on early and late mortality.
