Near Point of Convergence After a Sport-Related Concussion: Measurement Reliability and Relationship to XXXX and Symptoms.

@entity1 @entity1166 @entity130 @entity73 @entity149 @entity2704 @entity4207 @entity1319
BACKGROUND: @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) is a common binocular vision deficit after a sport-related concussion (SRC). @entity1319 may result in visual discomfort and vision-mediated functional difficulties such as slowed reading and compromised attention, leading to impaired @entity4207 , work, and sport performance. PURPOSE: To test the reliability of repeated @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) measurements in a sample of athletes after an SRC; compare the symptoms and @entity73 with normal @entity1166 to those with @entity1319 after an SRC; and explore the relationship among age, sex, @entity4207 , @entity2704 history, and @entity1319 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 78 athletes (mean age, 14.31    2.77 years) who were seen a mean 5.79    5.63 days after an SRC were administered 3 trials of an @entity1166 assessment, along with neurocognitive (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]) and symptom assessments. @entity1 were divided into normal @entity1166 ( @entity1166  <=5 cm; n = 45) and @entity1319 ( @entity1166 >5 cm; n = 33) groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) assessed the consistency of @entity1166 across the 3 trials. The ANOVAs were employed to examine differences on neurocognitive composites and symptoms between the normal @entity1166 and @entity1319 groups. Stepwise regressions (controlling for age and symptom scores on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale [PCSS]) were conducted to evaluate the predictive utility of the @entity1166 distance for @entity149 . RESULTS: Groups did not differ on @entity130 characteristics. @entity1166 differed between trial 1 and trials 2 (P = .02) and 3 (P = .01) for the @entity1319 group but not the normal @entity1166 group. Internal consistency was high across @entity1166 measurements (ICC range, 0.95-0.98). @entity1 with @entity1319 performed worse on verbal memory (P = .02), visual motor speed (P = .02), and reaction time (P = .001,   (2) = .13) and had greater total symptom scores (P = .02) after the injury. Results of hierarchical regression revealed that the @entity1166 distance contributed significantly to the model for reaction time (P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1319 was common (~42%) in athletes evaluated within 1 month after an SRC. Athletes with @entity1319 had worse @entity149 and higher symptom scores than did those with normal @entity1166 . Clinicians should consider routinely screening for @entity1166 as part of a comprehensive concussion evaluation to help inform treatment recommendations, @entity4207 accommodations, and referrals for vision therapy.
