XXXX as an Early Detection Biomarker of @entity43 : Investigations in Prediagnostic Specimens From the Janus Serumbank.

@entity43 @entity1 @entity5 @entity4874 @entity3422 @entity10224
OBJECTIVES: @entity43 is characterized by nonspecific signs and clinical symptoms arising at late stages. Early detection is therefore important and may significantly improve the survival rate. Cancer antigen 125 ( @entity10224 ) has been the most extensively studied serum biomarker in @entity43 , but low specificity limits its usefulness. A relatively novel biomarker, @entity1 epididymis protein 4 ( @entity3422 ), has shown promise in early detection of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate how early the @entity5 marker increases before diagnosis. METHODS/MATERIALS: A nested case-control design was used to evaluate the performance of @entity3422 and @entity10224 in prediagnostic serum samples from the Janus Serumbank. Serial specimens from 120 @entity1 with @entity43 were compared with healthy controls. Serum level of @entity10224 , @entity3422 , and @entity4874 was measured. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate impact of smoking, age, storage time, and lag time (time from sampling until date of diagnosis). RESULTS: Spearman correlation showed a strong positive correlation between @entity3422 and smoking in both cases and controls. Multiple linear regression analyses for pairwise differences between case and control showed that serum level of @entity3422 and @entity10224 was significantly increased (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively) 2 years before diagnosis and that @entity10224 also was significantly increased up to 4 years before diagnosis (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that a difference between cases and controls in serum concentration of @entity3422 seemed to be increased 2 years before diagnosis and that @entity10224 was increased until 4 years before diagnosis.
