XXXX scale control, effect of material and inhibitors.

@entity219 @entity920 @entity4959 @entity16415 @entity5715 @entity68
This paper focuses on developing a reproducible method for reducing @entity4959 scale formation on heated surfaces where scaling can cause serious problems. It is known that @entity4959 precipitation is sensitive to impurity ions, such as @entity68 and @entity219 , even at trace concentration levels. In this paper two sets of experiments are reported. The first experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of @entity219 , @entity920 and @entity68 dosing on @entity16415 nucleation and precipitation. Results from the experiments showed that the most effective inhibitor of @entity16415 precipitation was @entity219 and the effect was linked to dose levels and temperature. @entity920 and @entity68 had little effect on precipitation in the dose range investigated. The second trial was undertaken to translate the precipitation data to scale formation. These tests were undertaken at 70 degrees C. 5 mg x L(-1) @entity219 dose reduced the scale formation by 35%. The effect of @entity68 on @entity4959 scaling rate was not significant. The physical nature of the material on which the scale is formed also influences the scaling. The scaling experiment was also used to investigate the effect of different surface material (stainless steel, @entity920 and @entity5715 ) on @entity16415 scale formation. @entity920 surface scaled the most.
