The effectiveness of reinforced feedback in virtual environment in the first 12 months after XXXX .

@entity1 @entity177 @entity64 @entity548
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reinforced feedback in virtual environment (RFVE) therapy is emerging as an innovative method in rehabilitation, which may be advantageous in the treatment of the affected arm after @entity64 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of assisted motor training in a virtual environment for the treatment of the upper extremity (UE) after @entity64 compared to traditional neuromotor rehabilitation (TNR), studying also if differences exist related to the type of @entity64 ( @entity548 or ischaemic). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty @entity1 affected by a @entity64 (48 ischaemic and 32 @entity548 ) that occurred at least 1 year before were enrolled. The clinical assessment comprising the Fugl-Meyer UE (F-M UE), modified Ashworth (Bohannon and Smith) and @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was administered before and after the treatment. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference between RFVE and TNR groups (Mann-Whitney U-test) was observed in the clinical outcomes of F-M UE and @entity177 (both p < 0.001), but not Ashworth (p = 0.053). The outcomes of F-M UE and @entity177 improved in the RFVE @entity548 group and in the TNR @entity548 group with a significant difference between groups (both p < 0.001), but not for Ashworth (p = 0.651). Comparing the RFVE ischaemic group to the TNR ischaemic group, statistically significant differences emerged in F-M UE (p < 0.001), @entity177 (p < 0.001), and Ashworth (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: The RFVE therapy in combination with TNR showed better improvements compared to the TNR treatment only. The RFVE therapy combined with the TNR treatment was more effective than the TNR double training, in both post-ischaemic and post- @entity548 groups. We observed improvements in both groups of @entity1 : post- @entity548 and post-ischaemic @entity64 after RFVE training.
