Traumatic XXXX in childhood: two cases and a review of the literature.

@entity1 @entity548 @entity998 @entity439 @entity130 @entity438
Traumatic @entity438 in childhood are rare. To date, 67 well-documented cases in @entity1 have been reported. We present 2 additional cases and review the literature. @entity439 can best be categorized based on mechanism of injury and location. @entity439 secondary to penetrating @entity130 occur most commonly in teenage @entity1 suffering gunshot wounds. @entity439 secondary to nonpenetrating @entity130 occur at the skull base or in the periphery, with motor vehicle accidents and @entity998 as the most common modes of injury. Skull base @entity439 most commonly involve the petrous, cavernous, or supraclinoid carotid artery and also show a predominance in teenage @entity1 . Peripheral @entity439 can further be divided into distal anterior cerebral @entity438 secondary to @entity438 associated with an overlying skull fracture. Peripheral @entity439 tend to occur in younger @entity1 with a less marked male predominance. Two-thirds of the @entity1 suffered symptomatic @entity548 , with an associated mortality rate of 31%. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of traumatic @entity438 are discussed.
