Linking Environmental Exposure with Public Health: XXXX Extracted from Soils and Water of Recently Exposed Communities of Selected Locations in Zambia.

@entity1 @entity318 @entity3135 @entity311 @entity5979
UNASSIGNED: Background. In 2000, a Zambian private mining company reintroduced the use of @entity5979 ( @entity318 ) to control @entity311 in two districts. From 2000 to 2010, @entity318 had been applied in homes without any studies conducted to ascertain its fate in the environment. We aimed to quantify the presence of @entity318 and its metabolites in the soil and water around communities where it was recently used. Methods. We collected superficial soil and water samples from drinking sources of three study areas. @entity318 was extracted by QuEChERS method and solid phase extraction for soils and water, respectively. Analysis was by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A revalidated method with limits of detection ranging from 0.034 to 0.04   ppb was used. Results. Median levels of total @entity318 were found at 100.4 (IQR 90.9-110) and 725.4   ng/L (IQR 540-774.5) for soils and water, respectively. No @entity318 above detection limits was detected in the reference area. These results are clinically significant given the persistent characteristics of @entity318 . Conclusion. @entity318 presence in these media suggests possible limitations in the environmental safeguards during @entity3135 . Such occurrence could have potential effects on @entity1 , especially @entity1 ; hence, there is a need to further examine possible associations between this exposure and @entity1 .
