BACKGROUND: To describe the virologic and immunologic outcomes among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) co-infected with SARS-CoV-2. SETTING: Wuhan, China. METHODS: 35 co-infected patients were identified by matching the reported cases in National Notifiable Infectious Disease Report system for COVID-19 and HIV in Wuhan by time of April 19, 2020. Questionnaire-based survey and follow-up with blood sample collection were used to obtain characteristics before COVID-19 and after recovery. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, Mcnemar test and Wilcoxon test were conducted. RESULTS: Twenty of the 35 co-infected patients were identified as asymptomatic/mild/moderate COVID-19 (non-severe group) and 15 were identified as severe/critical (severe group). The severe and non-severe group had no differences in demographics, HIV baseline status, the intervals between last tests and follow-up tests for CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 viral load (all P>0.05). Overall, there was a significantly increased number of co-infected patients with HIV-1 viral load >/=20 copies/mL after recovery (P=0.008). The median viral load increased significantly after recovery in severe group (P=0.034) while no significant change of HIV-1 viral load was observed in non-severe group. Limited change of CD4+ cell count was found (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 might put PLHIV at greater risk for HIV-1 viral rebound especially for severe/critical COVID-19 while had limited impacts on CD4+ cell count. Whether continuous ART against HIV infection would have significant impacts on CD4+ cell count among PLHIV co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 need further research.