In Italy, the epidemic explosion stage of COVID-19 seems to have been overcome; however, the virus has not been eradicated and the re-emergence of some outbreaks of infection substantiates the danger that the disease may persist. It is therefore necessary to keep the level of surveillance high, to maintain social distancing measures and to act in the control of disease risk factors of a serious or complicated course. Among the risk factors of severe COVID-19 in addition to age, male gender, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, a major role seems to be played by other cardiovascular risk factors conditioned by an unhealthy lifestyle such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and smoking. The new phase requires the maintenance of measures that avoid crowding and close interpersonal contact especially during exercise, in addition to controlled access to hospitals. This will require the reorganization of the traditional methods of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation activities, such as gyms and collective educational sessions, and the dilution of outpatient checks. The risk that this scenario may worsen the already suboptimal control of cardiovascular risk factors is therefore real. We do not currently know how long this new phase will last, therefore it is necessary to give impetus to new tele-health initiatives to stimulate the adoption of a healthy lifestyle in primary prevention and tele-monitoring and tele-rehabilitation programs in secondary prevention.