Clearing up common misconceptions about autism
AS last month, April, marked World Autism Awareness Month, I was curious to learn about the condition and how it affects autistic people and their caregivers and supporters.

I spoke to Magtum Aen, a clinical psychologist who works with autistic clients and provides education on the topic.

According to Aen, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects how a person communicates and interacts with the world. There are communication difficulties; for instance, people with autism might struggle to understand jokes or facial expressions.

“Many engage in repetitive behaviours, have specific routines, and exhibit sensory sensitivities. Additionally, some autistic people have intense interests in specific topics.”

What are some common misconceptions about autism?

“There are several. For instance, contrary to what some might think, it’s not rare, with around one in 54 children diagnosed with ASD in the United States.

“Another example is people believe everybody with autism is highly gifted or has savant skills, which isn’t true, although some do have such abilities.

“Many often believe autistic people lack empathy, which is entirely untrue. They might simply express empathy differently.

“One common myth is autism is caused by vaccines or bad parenting. There is no scientific evidence to support these claims.”

Aen explains that autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic and environmental factors playing a role. Blaming parents or vaccines can lead to unfair stigma and discrimination against autistic people and their families.

How do these misconceptions affect autistic people?

“They can have a significant effect, leading people to feel misunderstood or stigmatised. They can also create barriers to accessing support and services, leading to social isolation and discrimination.

“Autism’s diversity means it affects people differently, which we need to communicate effectively. There are also challenges in terms of ensuring adequate resources and support are available and accessible.

How is autism diagnosed?

“Diagnosing autism involves a comprehensive assessment by a team that includes clinical psychologists, paediatricians, and others.

“It starts with initial screening, then a comprehensive evaluation including developmental history, direct observation, cognitive and language assessments, social interaction assessment, and a medical evaluation.”

Clinical psychologists, says Aen, follow the *DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, focusing on persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour. (*The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, is a global reference.)

“Differentiating autism from other developmental disorders involves careful consideration of the child’s symptoms and developmental history,” he adds

What advice would you give to people who want to learn more about autism and offer better support?

“Educate yourself about the diversity within the autism spectrum. Listen to and validate the experiences of autistic people and their families. Be mindful that each person is unique and be sensitive to their individual needs.

“When communicating with autistic people, use clear, concrete language, and be patient. It’s important to provide a structured and predictable environment and offer supportive resources. Pro-mote social skills and peer relationships, and above all, practice acceptance and inclusion.

“It also makes a difference to focus on their strengths and interests. Like any condition or disability, autistic people shouldn’t be defined by their limitations – they are able to function and contribute to society just like anybody else. Supporting the person rather than treating a problem goes a long way towards celebrating what autistic people can offer.”

Aen’s insights remind us that autism goes beyond the individual, impacting families and communities. Through understanding and acceptance, we can foster a society where autistic people are supported to thrive.

It’s encouraging to see more conversations and knowledge- sharing around mental health issues, not least of all because it helps to dissolve our worries of the unknown and erase the stigma caused by myths and misunderstandings.

It also serves as a useful reminder that we all see and perceive the world differently, and that a little bit of patience and curiosity can bring out the best in autistic people rather than excluding them when we react from a place of fear and judgement.

To learn more about autism, visit the National Autism Society of Malaysia here.

Sunny Side Up columnist Sandy Clarke has long held an interest in emotions, mental health, mindfulness and meditation. He believes the more we understand ourselves and each other, the better societies we can create. If you have any questions or comments, email lifestyle@thestar.com.my. The views expressed here are entirely the writer's own.
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