[[Image:Da Vinci Vitruve Luc Viatour.jpg|thumb|right|[[लिओनार्दो दा विंची]]चा [[व्हर्चुव्हियन मॅन]] या चित्रात [[रिनैसॉं]] कालखंडातील विज्ञान आणि कलाक्षेत्रातील प्रगतीतील सगळे गुण प्रतिबिंबित होतात.]]

मानवाच्या इतिहासातील ९०%पेक्षा जास्त काळ त्याने भटक्या जमातींच्या स्वरुपात व्यतीत केला आहे. [[hunter-gatherer]]s. जसजशी भाषांची उत्क्रांती होत गेली, तसतशी माणसाची भूतकाळातील घटना लक्षात ठेवण्याची आणि ती इतरांना सांगण्याची शक्तीही वाढली. यामुळे संचितमाहिती शतगुणित होण्यासाठीचे एक साधनही मिळाले. यामुळे माणसाला आपल्याला सुचलेल्या कल्पनांचे एकमेकांशी आदानप्रदान करणे तसेच आपल्यानंतरच्या पिढीला सांगणे सोपे झाले.

[[Cultural evolution]] quickly outpaced [[Evolution|biological evolution]], and [[history]] proper began. Somewhere between 8500 and 7000 [[Before Christ|BC]], humans in the [[Fertile Crescent]] in [[Middle East]] began the systematic husbandry of plants and animals: [[agriculture]]. This spread to neighboring regions, and also developed independently elsewhere, until most "Homo sapiens" lived sedentary lives in permanent settlements as farmers. 

Not all societies abandoned nomadism, especially those in isolated areas of the globe poor in [[Domestication|domesticable]] plant species, such as Australia. However, among those civilizations that did adopt agriculture, the relative security and increased productivity provided by farming allowed the population to expand. 

Agriculture had a major impact; humans began to affect the environment as never before. Surplus food allowed a priestly or governing class to arise, followed by increasing [[Division of labour|division of labor]]. This led to Earth’s first [[civilization]] at [[Sumer]] in the Middle East, between 4000 and 3000 BC. Additional civilizations quickly arose in [[ancient Egypt]], at the [[Indus Valley civilization|Indus River valley]] and in China.

Starting around 3000 BC, [[Hinduism]], one of the oldest religions still practiced today, began to take form.
Others soon followed. The invention of [[writing]] enabled complex societies to arise: record-keeping and [[library|libraries]] served as a storehouse of knowledge and increased the cultural transmission of information. Humans no longer had to spend all their time working for survival—curiosity and education drove the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom. 

Various disciplines, including [[science]] (in a primitive form), arose. New civilizations sprang up, traded with one another, and engaged in [[war]] for territory and resources: [[empire]]s began to form. By around 500 BC, there were empires in the Middle East, Iran, India, China, and Greece, approximately on equal footing; at times one empire expanded, only to decline or be driven back later.

In the fourteenth century, the [[Renaissance]] began in [[Italy]] with advances in religion, art, and science. Starting around 1500, European civilization began to undergo changes leading to the [[Scientific revolution|scientific]] and [[Industrial Revolution|industrial]] revolutions: that continent began to exert political and cultural [[Hegemony|dominance]] over human societies around the planet. From 1914 to 1918 and 1939 to 1945, nations around the world were embroiled in [[world war]]s. 

Established following [[World War I]], the [[League of Nations]] was a first step in establishing international institutions to resolve disputes peacefully; after its failure to prevent [[World War II]] and the subsequent end of the conflict it was replaced by the [[United Nations]]. In 1992, several European nations joined together in the [[European Union]]. As transportation and communication improved, the economies and political affairs of nations around the world have become increasingly intertwined. This [[globalization]] has often produced both discord and collaboration.

समुद्रांची आणि वातावरणाची निर्मिती
संस्कृती
राक्षसी आघात
Rodinia and other supercontinents