The phonemic inventory listed in the following table includes phonemes that are preserved only in some dialects, other dialects having merged them (such as "yeísmo"); these are marked with an asterisk (*). Sounds in parentheses are allophones. Where symbols appear in pairs, the symbol to the right represents a voiced consonant.

By the 16th century, the consonant system of Spanish underwent the following important changes that differentiated it from neighboring Romance languages such as Portuguese and Catalan:

The consonant system of Medieval Spanish has been better preserved in Ladino and in Portuguese, neither of which underwent these shifts.

Lexical stress
శబ్దాలు
ఐరోపా
Characterization