According to the 2011 census Arwal district has a population of 700,843, roughly equal to the nation of Bhutan or the US state of North Dakota. This gives it a ranking of 502nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.01%. Arwal has a sex ratio of 927 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69.54%.

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