### Question:
SingleRangeLimitTransform implements ParameterLimitsTransform { @Override public double transform(double x) { ArgChecker.isTrue(_sign * x >= _sign * _limit, "x not in limit"); if (x == _limit) { return -EXP_MAX; } double r = _sign * (x - _limit); if (r > EXP_MAX) { return r; } return Math.log(Math.exp(r) - 1); } SingleRangeLimitTransform(double a, LimitType limitType); @Override double inverseTransform(double y); @Override double transform(double x); @Override double inverseTransformGradient(double y); @Override double transformGradient(double x); @Override int hashCode(); @Override boolean equals(Object obj);  }### Answer:
@Test public void testOutOfRange1() { assertThatIllegalArgumentException() .isThrownBy(() -> LOWER_LIMIT.transform(-3)); }
@Test public void testOutOfRange2() { assertThatIllegalArgumentException() .isThrownBy(() -> UPPER_LIMIT.transform(1.01)); }